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g]kfnL ;ËLt If]qsf ch/ cDa/ ;|i6f jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/ cDa/ u'?ª g]kfnL ;'ud ;+uLtsf ;zQm x:tL x'g'x'GYof] . ;'ud ;ËLtnfO{ g]kfnL ;fËLlts If]qdf :yflkt u/fpg pxfFsf] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x\of] . pxfFsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL ;'ud ;ËLt If]qsf] km]l/ Pp6f gIfqsf] c:t ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL ;'ud ;ËLtsf x:tLx¿ Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ xfdLaf6 ef}lts ¿kdf labf eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;'ud ;ËLt o'usf :j/;d|f6 gf/fo0f uf]kfn, uf]kfn of]~hg ca xfd|f] ;Demgfdf dfq x'g'x'G5 . gfltsfhL >]i7, lzjz+s/ dfgGw/, k'ik g]kfnL h:tf ;'ud ;ËLtsf lzv/ JolQmTj klg xfdLaf6 ef}lts ¿kdf c:tfO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . kmQ]dfg /fhe08f/L, /Tgaxfb'/ v8\uL klg lbj+ut Oltxf; alg;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

o; jif{ xfdLn] ;'ud ;ËLtsf csf{ ;zQm vDaf cDa/ u'?ªnfO{ u'dfof}+ . pxfFn] cfkm\gf ;zQm / dfw'o{ ;ËLtn] b'lgofFnfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg'eof] . cfkm\g}kgsf] ;ËLtsf] kl/ro :yflkt ug'{eof] . /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{===;o y'ª\uf km"nsf xfdL===h:tf /fli6«o / /fi6«ufgdf sfnhfoL ;ËLt ;[hgf u/]/ pxfFn] g]kfnL ;ËLtsf dxf;]gfgLsf ¿kdf cfkm\gf] kl/ro agfpg'eof] .

pxfFn] g]kfnLnfO{ /fli6«otfsf] Pstfdf afFWg'eof] . cDa/ u'?ªsf] hGd ef/tdf ePsf] xf] . t/ pxfFsf] z/L/df g]kfnL /ut lyof] . pxfFsf lktf plh/l;+x u'?ª uf]/vfsf afl;Gbf -uf]vf{nL_ x'g'x'GYof] . Pp6f uf]vf{nLsf] ;k't hxfF hlGdP klg pm uf]vf{nL g} x'G5, p;sf] /ut, dg, dl:tisdf g]kfn x'G5 eGg] s'/f cDa/ u'?ªn] cfhLjg g]kfnL ;ËLt ;[hgf u/]/ k|dfl0ft ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 .

pxfF g]kfnL ;ËLtsf k|of]uwdL{ ;|i6f klg x'g'x'GYof] . u'?gªn] g]kfndf cf]k]/f Do'lhs, sf]o/ -ljy Aofn]_ ;lxt j]:6g{ OG:6«o'd]G6sf] k|of]ustf{ u'?ªn] k"jL{o / kfZrfo ;+uLtsf] ld>0f u/]/ g]kfnL ;ËLtnfO{ cfw'lgs ;ËLtsf] kl/ro lbnfpg' ePsf] eGbf clto'lQm gxf]nf . cfkm\gf] k"/f hLjg g]kfnL ;ËLtsf] >Lj[l4df lbg'x'g] cDa/ u'?ª ca Oltxf; alg;Sg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL cfw'lgs ;ËLtsf] Pp6f o'usf] cGTo ePsf] 5 . o; g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|yd s'nklt jl/i7 ;ËLt1 cDa/ u'?ªk|lt k|lti7fg kl/jf/ >4f;'dg ck{0f ub{5 .

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sf7df8f}+, & c;f/ . /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] g]kfn ;ËLt Pj+ gf6s If]qdf of]ubfg lbPsf rf/ ;|i6fnfO{ !# c;f/ @)&# df sf7df8f}+sf] sdnfbLl:yt k|1f

k|lti7fgdf …g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@Ú k|bfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf tkm {af6 pgn] ;f ] k '//:sf/ k|bfg

ug'{eof] .pxfFn] ;a} ;|i6fnfO{ hgxL Ps nfv

Ps ?k}ofF / td|kq;lxtsf] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] xf] . k'/:s[t ;|i6fx¿nfO{ ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8ogdGqL cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] gub /sd k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] o; k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 ;?eQmn] vfbf nufOlbg] / pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] k'/:s[t ;|i6fnfO{ dfnfnufO{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf /fi6 «klt e08f/Ln] ;ËLttkm{sf] …g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@Ú ;ËLt k|jL0f jl/i7 zf:qLo ;ËLtsf/ uf]kfngfy of]uLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . o; k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o pbo >]i7n] ;ËLt k|jL0f of]uLsf] ;Ddfgkq afrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

/fi6«klt e08f/Ln] nf]s ufogtkm{sf] …g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k '/:sf/–@)&@ Ú cu |h nf ]sufos k|r08axfb'/ a'9fyf]sLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . a'9fyf]sLsf] ;Ddfg kq o; k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o kljqf 3tL{n] afrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;f]xL qmddf /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] gf6s n]vg lgb]{zgtkm{sf] …g]kfn ;ËLt tyf

/fi6«klt e08f/Låf/f rf/ ;|i6fnfO{ ;ËLt gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/ k|bfg

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k'/:sf/gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@Ú jl/i7 gf6\osdL{ dx]Gb| dnª\luofnfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . o; k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o /d]z/~hg emfn] k'/:s[t ;|i6f dnª\luofsf] ;Ddfgkq afrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o:t}, /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] gf6s clegotkm{sf] …g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@Ú jl/i7 snfsf/ zs'Gtnf u'?ª zdf{nfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . zdf{sf] ;Ddfg kq o;} k|lti7fgsf kl/ifb\ ;b:o k'is/axfb'/ u'?ªn] afrg ug'{ePsf]

lyof] . ;ËLttkm{ k'/:s[t ;|i6f a]nf afbs Pj+ a]nf ljz]if1 uf]kfngfy of]uLn] s'df/L Aofn], lzj kfj{tL Aofn], r08flnsf Aofn], cGgk"0f{ Aofn] h:tf ljleGg ;+uLt ;[hgf u/L g]kfnL zf:qLo ;+uLtdf kfFr bzs nfdf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'ePsf] 5 . o:t}, kfFr bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ nf]suLt ;ËLt ;[hgf, ;+sng ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf k'/:s[t ;|i6f k|r08axfb'/ a'9fyf]sLsf

xfd|f uLtx¿, hgtfsf uLtx¿;lxt cfwf bh{g nf]s uLlt;+u|x tyf ljleGg k':ts k|sflzt 5g\ . gf6stkm{ k'/:s[t ;|i6f dnª\luof kfFr bzsb]lv d}lynL gf6s n]vg, d~rg, lgb]{zgdf x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] kfFr bh{g gf6s n]vg;Fu} TolQs} ;+Vofdf gf6ssf] lgb]{zg / clego ug'{ePsf] 5 . csL{ k'/:s[t ;|i6f rl/q cleg]qL Pj+ gf6\osdL{ zs'Gtnf u'?ª zdf{ g]kfnL gf6sdf lg/Gt/ rf/ bzsb]lv cleog / lgb]{zgdf ;lqmo /xFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

pxfFn] tLg bh{g gf6sdf clego, Ps bh{g gf6ssf] lgb]{zg / b'O{ bh{g rnlrqdf clego ug'{ePsf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] g]kfn ljljw nf]s snf ;+:s[ltsf] km'naf/L ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfn] o:tf snf ;[hgf Pj+ k|j4{gdf k'/:s[t ;|i6fx¿sf] pNn]Vo of]ubfg 5 eGg'eof] . pxfFn] o:tf] ;Ddfgn] ;h{snfO{ pT;flxt t'NofpFb}

;[hgf / ;fwgfdf nfUg cem k|]l/t ug]{ atfpg'eof] .

o:t}, ;+:s[ltdGqL cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] uLt ;ËLt / gf6s hLjGt ;+:s[lt ePsf] atfpFb} o:tf ;[hgfdf cfhLjg of]ubfg lbPsf cu|h ;|i6fnfO{ k|lti7fgn] k'/:s[t ug'{ ;/fxgLo sfo{ xf] eGg'eof] . k'/:s[t cu|h ;|i6fn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] snfTds dfu{df gofF k':tf nfu]/ pgLx¿sf] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ ;'emfa dGqL kf]v/]nn] lbg'eof] .

o:t}, g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQmn] ljleGg sf/0fn] nf]s ;+:s[lt nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf] atfpFb} o:tf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f k|j4{gdf nfu]sf ;|i6fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ eGg'eof] . ;ËLt gf6s / g[To g]kfnL hghLjgsf] cleGg c+u ePsfn] oL df}lns snf ;+:s[ltsf] ;[hgf / ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf cu|h ;|i6fnfO{ k'/:s[lt ug'{ k|lti7fgsf] bfloTj ePsf] klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .

k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] k'/:s[t ;|i6fx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ ug'{eof] . ;f] k'/:sf/n] g]kfnL uLt, ;ËLt, g[To, gf6s h:tf snfnfO{ ul/dfdo agfpFb} ;DalGwt ;|i6fsf] of]ubfgnfO{ /fi6«;Fu hf]8g] d2t k'¥ofPsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . k'/:sf/ /flz xfn hgxL Ps nfv Ps ?k}ofF /x]sfn] dGqfno;Fusf] ;Nnfx u/]/ k'/:sf/sf] /flz cfufdL lbgdf cem a9fpFb} n}hfg] pks'nklt af;sf]6fsf] egfO lyof] . k'/:sf/ x:tfGt0f ;df/f]xsf] ;~rfng k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj u0f]z /l;sn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL nf]s;+uLt If]qdf lg/Gt/ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'ePsf k|r08axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f k'/:s[t x'g'ePsf] 5 . k|lti7fgn] jl/i7 nf]s ;ËLtsf/ a'9fyf]sLnfO{ ;ËLttkm{sf] g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@ af6 !# c;f/ @)&# ;fndf ;Ddfg u/]sf] xf] .

jl/i7 nf]s;ËLtsf/ k|r08axfb'/ a'9fyf]sLsf] hGd 5ljnfn a'9fyf]sL / t'n;f a'9fyf]sLsf] ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf @* kmfu'g !((( ;fndf c3f{vfFrLsf] lvlbd–!, v'nf}n] ufpFdf ePsf] lyof] . ;fg}b]lv nf]sefsf ufpg / ;+sng ug{ rf;f] b]vfpg'x'g] jl/i7 nf]s;ËLt a'9fyf]sLn] k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx;Ddsf] lzIff xfl;n ug'{ePsf] 5 .

xfn gjnk/f;Lsf] ab{3f6 gu/kflnsf–@ lr;fkfgLdf a;f]af; ug'{x'g] a'9fyf]sL nf]s;ËLtsf cg';Gwfgstf{sf ¿kdf kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] nf]s;ËLt, nf]sufog, nf]s ;flxTosf] cg';Gwfg, k|ultzLn ;ËLt If]qdf snf ;[hgf;Fu} ;]jf ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

nf]s ;|i6f a'9fyf]sLn] cfwf bh{g k':tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . pxfFsf k|sflzt s[ltx¿df sljtf n]Vg] /Llt -@)@!_, xfd|f uLtx¿ -@)%!_, hgtfsf hLjGt uLt -@)^^_, /ftf] ?dfn :jb]z ufgf, :j/ u'~hg, km'naf/L /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn nf]s;ËLtdf cToGt wgL ePsf / oxfFsf ufpFufpFdf nf]s;ËLtx¿ ePsfn] ubf{ o;sf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{gdf xfdL ;a} nfUg'kg]{ nf]s;|i6f a'9fyf]sLsf] ;'emfj 5 .

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f ;ËLt k|jL0f j]nfafbs jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/ uf]kfngfy of]uLnfO{ ;ËLttkm{sf] g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@ af6 !# c;f/ @)&# ;fndf ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .

snfsf/ of]uLsf] hGd !((@ df3 $ ut] kfNkfdf ePsf] xf] . ;fg}b]lv ;+uLtdf ?lr /fVg'x'g] of]uL j]nfafbgdf ;ËLt k|jL0f x'g'ePsf] xf] . pxfFn] @)!* ;fnb]lv /]l8of] g]kfndf sfo{qmd rnfpFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . @)@@ ;fndf snfsf/sf] ¿kdf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgdf ;]jf ;'? ug'{ePsf of]uLn] ToxfF @)%@ ;fn;Dd afB;ËLt lgb]{zssf] ¿kdf lg/Gt/ ;]jf ug'{eof] .

pxfFn] s'df/L Aofn], zLj kfj{tL Aofn], r08flnsf Aofn], cGgk"0f{ Aofn], jL/s'z Aofn], ;lta[Gbf Aofn], zLjtf08j Aofn]

tyf g]kfnL df}lns P]Zjo{ /fusf] /rgf ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] ln;g g]kfn, nfOe Og sf7df8f}+, ;u/ ;ËLt, ;f/]ud h:tf ;ËLt PNad Pj+ l;8L k|sflzt 5g\ .

;ËLt k|jL0f of]uLn] @)@* ;fndf /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 zf:qLo ;ËLt k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd :yfg xfl;n ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] OGb|/fHonIdL k'/:sf/ -@)$!_, :k]gsf g/]zaf6 ;Ddflgt -@)$^_, uf]/vf blIf0f afx' bf];|f] -@)%#_ k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 . o:t}, gf/fo0fuf]kfn :d[lt k'/:sf/ -@)%%_, gf/fo0fuf]kfn ;ËLt ;Ddfg ->L n'gs/0fbf; uËfb]jL rf}w/L ;flxTosnf k|lti7fgåf/f_ -@)^^_, gfltsfhL ljz]if ;ËLt ;Ddfg -@)^&_ / Pl;og tyf Kofl;lkms g];g kmf]s cf6{ k'/:sf/ -;g !((%_ blIf0f sf]l/of h:tf k'/:sf/ klg xfFl;n ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

;g\ !(&( df cd]l/sL /fHosf] kf]6{NofG8 o'lgel;{6L / cf]l/ug o'lgel;{6Ldf ;ËLt;DaGwL k|Wofkg ug'{ePsf ;ËLt k|jL0f of]uLn] snflglw ;ËLt dxfljBfnodf ljleGg ljifodf ;ËLt;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . o:t}, ;f+:s[lt ;+:yfgdf ;ËLtsf] k|lzIf0f tyf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f ljutdf cfof]lht ljleGg If]qsf ;ËLtsf ljwfyL{x¿nfO{ lzIff k|bfg ug'{ePsf] 5 .

j]nfafbgsf ;·Lt k|jL0f

nf]s;ËLtsf ;zQm x:tL

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sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL gf6\o If]qdf kfFr bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfpg' ePsL jl/i7 cleg]qL Pj+ gf6s lgb]{zs zs'Gtnf u'?ª zdf{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f k'/:s[t x'g'ePsf] 5 . o; k|lti7fgn] pxfFnfO{ gf6stkm{sf] g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@ af6 !# c;f/ @)&# ;fndf sf7df8f}+df Ps ;df/f]xaLr k'/:s[t u¥of] .

pxfFsf] hGd #) d+l;/ @))* ;fndf sf7df8f}+sf] nflhDkf6df a'af cf;dfg u'?ª / cfdf tLy{s'df/L u'?ªaf6 ePsf] xf] . k|j]lzsf;Dd cWoog ug'{ePsL zs'Gtnfn] snfsf/ xl/x/

zdf{;Fu ljjfx u/]kl5 pxfF;u} lg/Gt/ gf6sdf nfUg'eof] . @)@^ b]lv @)^^ ;fn;Dd g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgdf gf6\o snfsf/ tyf gf6\o lgb]{zssf] ¿kdf /xg'ePsL pxfFn] @)@# b]lv @)#* ;fn;Dd /]l8of] g]kfndf pb\3f]lifsfsf] ¿kdf klg ;]jf ug'{eof] .

gf6\osdL{ zdf{n] tLg bh{g gf6sdf clego, Ps bh{g gf6ssf] lgb]{zg / b'O{ bh{g rnlrq, 6]lnrnlrqdf clego ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] clego ug'{ePsf] rlr{t gf6sx¿df 8f]nf d}of, d'6'sf] Joyf, kTy/sf] syf, sLlt{k'/sf] o'4, RofltPsf] kbf{, k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, ;Tojfg ;fljqL, kms]{/ x]bf{, k'/fgf] 3/ cflb kb{5g\ . pxfFn] k'/fgf] 3/, cGwj]u, nf}/f]nf}/f], lji0f'dfof, ls/ftfh{'gLo h:tf gf6ssf] lgb]{zg ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

jf;'b]j, ablnFbf] cfsfz, dfofk|Llt, rf]vf]dfof, r]lna]6L, hLjg/]vf, d[ut[i0ff, ;+sNk, d]/f] ne:6f]/L, Snfl;s, lxhf] cfh ef]ln h:tf y'k|} rnlrq Pj+ 6]lnrnlrqdf clego ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfF uf]/vf blIf0fafx', OGb|/fHo nIdL k'/:sf/, ;j{gfd k'/:sf/, ;j{>]i7 rl/q cleg]qL rnlrq cjf8{, ;/:jtL ;Ddfg, afns[i0f ;d ;Ddfg, k|1f k|lti7fg bL3{ ;]jf kbs, /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ h:tf y'k|} dfgkbjLaf6 ;Ddflgt x'g'x'G5 .

sf7df8f}+ . d}lynL gf6\o If]qdf ;fF9] rf/ bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv lg/Gt/ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'ePsf jl/i7 d}lynL gf6\osdL{ dx]Gb| dnª\luof g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f k'/:s[t x'g'ePsf] 5 . k|lti7fgn] pxfFnfO{ gf6stkm{sf] g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/–@)&@ af6 !# c;f/ @)&# ;fndf sf7df8f}+df Ps ;df/f]xaLr k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] xf] .

jl/i7 d}lynL gf6\osdL{ dx]Gb| dnª\luofsf] hGd @) hgj/L !($^ df ef/tsf] laxf/l:yt dw'jgL dnª\luofdf dftf k"l0f{df b]jL / lktf b]jLgGbg emfaf6 ePsf] xf] . To;}n] pxfFn] cfkm\gf] ufpF dnª\luofsf] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

lqljaf6 lzIffdf :gfts pQL0f{ dnª\luofn] hgsk'/df /x]/ d}lynL gf6ssf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;df lg/Gt/ of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . d}lynL dfl;s klqsf nf]sj]b, leb]xs gu/L d}lynL sljtf ;ª\u|xsf ;Dkfbs pxfF /]l8of] hgsk'/ (& d]3fxh{sf :6]hg Dofg]h/ x'g'x'G5 . kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dLåf/f k|sflzt sIff ( / !) sf] d}lynL lstfasf n]vs / ;Dkfbs pxfF ldlynf gf6\o snf kl/ifb\ -ldgfk_ sf lgb]{zs Pj+ d}lynL nf]s /Ë, gofF lbNnLsf cWoIf x'g'x'G5 .

jl/i7 gf6\osdL{ dnª\luofsf Ps ;oeGbf a9L k"0ff{ª\sL gf6s k':ts, !$ cf]6f /Ëd~r gf6s, @) cf]6f PsfÍL gf6s, !@ cf]6f /]l8of] gf6s, !# cf]6f ;8s gf6s, !$

cf]6f cg';GwfgfTds lgaGwx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . cf]s/f cfFugs afx|df;f, h'jfon sGsgL, ufd gO{ ;'O{t, sys nf]s, cf] vfnL d'x b]vfO{5} pxfFsf rlr{t d}lynL gf6sx¿ x'g\ .

jl/i7 gf6\osdL{ dnª\luof /fli6«o JolQmTj ;Ddfg, dfjg ;+zfwg ljsf; dGqfno ef/t, a}b]xL ;Ddfg, /fFrL, efg' snf;Ddfg -@)$%_, ;j{gfd ;Ddfg -@)%!_, lhlj; ;Ddfg wg'iff -@)%&_, a}Bgfh– l;ofb]jL ;Ddfg, sf7df8f}+ -@)$*_, cf/f]x0f ;Ddfg -@)$(_, r]tgf ;ldlt ;Ddfg, k6gf -;g\ !((%_, ljBfklt ;]jf ;Ddfg, b/aËf -;g\ !(^^_, cfO{=lk=l6=P= ;Ddfg, dw'jgL -;g\ @))# / @))$_ ;lxt ljleGg ;Ddfgaf6 ;Ddflgt eO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

k'/:sf/

/Ëd~rsL lzv/ dlxnf x:tL

d}lynL gf6ssf lzv/ k'?if

7@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

;+:s[ltdGqL kf]v/]nåf/f /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j pb\3f6g

bf]nvf . ;+:s[lt tyf ko{6g gful/s p8\\8ogdGqL cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] bf]vnfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf @^ h]7af6 ;'? ePsf] /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&# sf] pb\3f6g @^ h]7 laxfg ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly dGqL kf]v/]nn] cltly snfsf/ ag]/ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ sf] gf6s vfª\nfsf] Pp6f ;+jfb af]n]/ gf6s dxf]T;j pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f cfof]lht gf6s dxf]T;jdf ;'?df dGqL kf]v/]n;lxt o; k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQm, k|f1x¿ tyf cu|h gf6\osdL{nfO{ bf]nvfjf;Ln] km"ndfnf nufP/ :jfut u/]sf lyP .

dGqL kf]v/]nn] klxnf] k6s bf]nvfdf gf6s dxf]T;j x'g nfUg' dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] atfpFb} o;n] lhNnfsf] ko{6g k|j4{gdf 6]jf k'Ug] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . dGqL kf]v/]nn] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ hf]8\g klg bf]nvfdf gf6s

dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . of] /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|yd s'nklt jl/i7 ;+uLtsf/ :j=cDa/ u'?ªk|lt ;dlk{t /x]sf] atfpFb} dGqL kf]v/]nn] dxf]T;jn] bf]vnfdf gf6s d~rgsf] ljsfzdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg'eof] . d'n'ssf] ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ ;/sf/n] kof{Kt dfqdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] klg pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQmn] e"sDkn] tx;–gx; ePsf] bf]nvfdf klxnf] k6s gf6s dxf]T;j ug{ kfpg' v';Lsf] s'/f ePsf] atfpFb} dxf]T;jn] gofF gofF snfsf/ hGdfpg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks s'nklt u'?ªsf] lgwg ePsf] ef]lnkN6} /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j pgLk|lt ;dlk{t ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . df]km;naf6 /fd|f / ;Ifd snfsf/ pTkfbg ug{ o:tf gf6s dxf]T;j pkof]uL ;fljt x'g] wf/0ff /fVb} s'nklt ;?eQmn] cfkm" clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfOk'Ug o:t} dxf]T;jn]

;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] atfpg'eof] .dxf]T;j ;+of]hs Pj+ g]kfn

;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o k'is/ u'?ªn] bf]nvf w]/} s'/fn] ;DkGg ePsf] / gf6\o If]qdf klg bf]vnfjf;Lsf] cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsfn] dxf]T;j ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] dxf]T;jdf ljleGg gf}j6f gf6s d~rg ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o k|f1 /d]z/~hg emfn] bf]nvfdf klxnf]k6s /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ul/g nfUg'sf] p2]Zo e"sDkaf6 ql;t lhNnfjf;Lsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kmsf{pg' /x]sf] xf] eGg'eof] . o:tf] dxf]T;jaf6 gf6sdf :yfgLo efiff, hLjg, /xg;xg, ;+:s[lt k|s6 x'g] ePsfn] Hofbf df}lns b]lvg] egfO pxfFsf] lyof] .

dxf]T;jnfO{ bf]nvfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf]df cu|h gf6\osdL{ dbgbf; >]i7n] v';L JoQm ub}{ klxnf] k6s /fhwfgLaf6 bf]nvfdf dxf]T;j ul/Psfn] df]km;ndf gf6ssf ljsf;df k|]/0ff ldNg]

8 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf ut @^ b]lv #) h]7;Dd bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf kfFr lbj;Lo …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&#Ú ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

k|lti7fgsf] gf6s ljefusf ;+of]hs Pj+ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o k'is/axfb'/ u'?ªsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gf6s dxf]T;j ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .

dxf]T;j ;DkGg ug{ k|f1 u'?ªsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gf} ;b:oLo dxf]T;j cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿df k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o Pj+ /Ëd~r ljefusf ;+of]hs /d]z /~hg emf, k|f1 ;ef ;b:ox¿ v]d g]kfnL, k|sfz l3ld/], cfzfsfhL >]i7, k|f1x¿ dbgbf; >]i7, /d]z a'9fyf]sL, cu|h gf6\osdL{ Pj+ cleg]tf s[i0f dNn / gf6s lgb]{zs Pj+ cleg]tf cg'k a/fn x'g'x'GYof] .

;f] ;ldltn] gf6s dxf]T;jsf nflu b}lgs cvaf/df ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]kl5 ljleGg gf6\o ;+:yfn] gf6sx¿ k7fP . ;f] ;"rgfsf cfwf/df ljleGg gf6\o ;+:yfaf6 b'O{ bh{geGbf gf6sx¿ d~rgsf nflu cfP .

;ldltåf/f to ul/Psf] lgodcg';f/ d~rg ul/g] gf6s o;cl3 d~rg gul/Psf] x'g'kg]{ lyof] . ;f]xL lgodsf cfwf/df cfkm"x¿n] k|fKt gf6sdWoaf6 gf}j6f gf6s dxf]T;jdf d~rg ug{ rog u/]sf] dxf]T;j ;+of]hs u'?ªn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

o;/L rog ePsf gf6sx¿df ;f]nf] lyP6/ sfe|]af6 …k]ª bf]h]{Ú, lgDkmf bf]nvfaf6 …lax]sf] r6f/f]Ú, r'nfr'nL /Ëd~r ;d"x Onfdaf6 …b]jfª\;L /fhfÚ, Pdcf6{ lyP6/ sf7df8f}+af6 …cfxfof{Ú, ldlynf gf6\osnf kl/ifb\ hgsk'/af6 …pwf/ h'QfÚ, nf]s ;~rf/ gf6\o ;d"x, sf7df8f}af6 …;vLÚ, lj/f6 d}lynL gf6\osnf kl/ifb\, lj/f6gu/af6 …lhpFbf] cfsfzÚ, cf/f]x0f, lj/f6gu/af6 …dxfb]jsf] afhLÚ / t/Ë ;f+:s[lts kl/ifb\ x]6f}+8faf6 …s]/d]6 ;kgfÚ /x]sf] lyof] .

oL gf6sx¿dWo] pwf/ h'Qf / ;vL d}lynL efiffdf lyof] . o:t}, gf6s k]ª bf]h]{ tfdfª efiffdf d~rg ul/Psf] lyof] . afFsL ;a} gf6s g]kfnL efiffdf d~rg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L 5flgPsf gf} gf6snfO{ d~rgsf nflu tof/ ug{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf tkm{af6 ;DalGwt gf6\o ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos /sd klg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . gofF gf6s tof/ ug{s} nflu d~rg vr{ cfkm"x¿n] ;DalGwt gf6\o ;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] dxf]T;j ;+of]hs u'?ªn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

atfpg'eof] .;f}Gbo{, snf / ;+:s[lt ;Eotfsf]

d"n cfwf/ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\of k|1f k|lti7fgn] u/]sf] xf] . dxf]T;asf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf k|f1x¿ v]d g]kfnL, k|sfz l3ld/] klg cltly x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx¿ gf6s dxf]T;jel/ /xg'eof] . gf6s dxf]T;jsf] klxnf] lbgb]lv clGtd lbg;Ddsf] sfo{qmd k|f1 v]d g]kfnLn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

dxf]T;jdf bz{ssf] pkl:ylt ;f]r]sf] eGbf a9L ePkl5 gf6s x]g{ clu|d k|j]z kf;sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . tLg ;o bz{s Ifdtf ePsf] xndf kfFr ;o;Dd bz{sn] gf6s x]/]sf lyP .

o;/L 5flgP gf} gf6s

9@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;jbf]nvf . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o

k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f ut @^ b]lv #) h]7;Dd bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf cfof]lht …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;a–@)&#Ú sf] klxnf] lbg pb\3f6g ;qdf tfdfª efiffsf] gf6s …k]ª bf]h]{Ú sf] d~rg ul/of] .

tfdfª ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf lqmofzLn ;]nf] lyP6/n] of] gf6s d~rg u/]sf] xf] . gf6ssf] n]vg zflGt jfOjfn] ug'{ePsf] xf] . zflGt jfOjf / snfsf/ a'l4 tfdfªn] gf6ssf] ;+o'Qm lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ltdfn ufpFdf Ps kfq lªdf tfdfªsf] jl/kl/ of] gf6ssf] syf 3'd]sf] 5 . lªdf / pgsf xh'/a'af k]ª bf]h]{aLrsf] k':tfcGt/n] lgDTofPsf] ;d:ofdf gf6s s]lGb|t lyof] .

lªdfsf] u|fdL0f kl/j]zaf6 gf6s ;'? x'G5 . ;f+:s[lts k/Dkf/cg';f/ ufpFdf /flvPsf] lªdf gfd kl/jt{g u/]/ ;f] tfdfª o'jf lgdf aG5 . pm cd]l/sf hfg rfxG5 . h;sf nflu p;n] cd]l/sf hfg] lr7\7f l8eL kmf/d e5{ . geGb} lgdfnfO{ l8eL k5{ .

lgdf cfkm\gf a'9f xh'/a'af / a'9L xh'/cfdfnfO{ ufpFd} 5f8]/ cd]l/sf hfG5 . ufpFaf6 cd]l/sf k'u]sf] lgdf cd]l/sL kl/j]zdf 3'nldn x'g] qmddf lgD; gfdn] lrlgg yfN5 . p;n] cfkm\gf] gfd kl/jt{g;Fu} ToxfFsf] hLjgz}nL, efiff, e]ife'iff, /xg;xg

/ ;+:s[ltnfO{ klg ckgfpF5 . ;f]xL sf/0f p;leq 1fg / r]tgfsf] klg klZrdfs/0f x'Fb} hfG5 . pm tfdfª ;]nf]eGbf c+u|]hL uLt÷;ËLt / ;Eotfdf /dfpg k'U5 .

;f]xL qmddf p;sf] xh'/cfdfsf] lgwg x'G5 . o;kl5 ufpFdf xh'/a'af PSn} x'G5g\ . k]ª bf]h]{ cfkm" PSnf] ePkl5 cfkm\gf] 5f]/f gfltnfO{ k5\ofpFb} cd]l/sf k'U5g\ . cd]l/sf k'u]/ klg pgL ToxfFsf] hLjgz}nL / ;+:s[ltdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sb}gg\ . ;f]xL sf/0f oL xh'/a'af / gfltaLrsf] dgf]j}1flgs åGå ;'? x'G5 . xh'/a'afn] cfkm\g} ;+:s[lt tfdfª ;]nf], tfDaf

sfOt]g, kmfk/] JxfO{ ufpg'kg]{ ;'emfa lbG5g\ . t/ To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ lgD; lu6f/df PdL jfOgxfp;sf] uLtsf] gSsn ug{df /dfpF5 .

o;/L uLt, efiff / /xg;xgs} sf/0f dgf]j}1flgs dgd'6fa a9\b} uPkl5 xh'/a'afnfO{ ToxfF a:g dg nfUb}g . pgL cfkm\g} b]z g]kfn kms{G5g\ . cfkm\gf] df6f]df /dfpF5g\ . cfkm\g} tfdfª ;]nf] ufpF5g\ . Ps lbg ufpFdf :ofpnf sf6\g hfFbf eL/af6 n8]/ xh'/a'afsf] d[To' x'G5 . o;/L k]ª bf]h]{n] cfkm\g} e"lddf, cfkm" x'ls{Psf] df6f]df hLjg TofU5g\ . xh'/a'afsf] b'Mvb d[To'sf] va/ ;'g]/ gflt lgD; :tAw x'G5 . xh'/a'af ufpF gkmls{Psf] eP To:tf] d[To' x'Fb}g lyof] eGg] p;nfO{ nfU5 . Tolta]nf p;nfO{ cfkm\gf]

ufpFsf], cfkm\gf snf ;+:s[ltsf], 8Dkm' / tfdfª ;]nf]sf] ofbn] ;tfpF5 . pm oL s'/fsf] dxTj ;Dem]/ kZrftfkdf 56\kl6G5 . /, gf6ssf] cGTo x'G5 .

o;/L cfw'lgstfn] NofPsf] ;f+:s[lts ljrngsf] syfdf gf6s s]lGb|t 5 . cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, e"–d08nLs/0f / a;fOF;/fOn] cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] klxrfgdf cfOk/]sf] ;d:of g} of] gf6ssf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' xf] .

gf6s k]ª bf]h]{df snfsf/x¿ a'l4 tfdfª, nId0f yf]s/, /fdaxfb'/ yf]s/, ;Gtf]if tfdfª, clj;g nfdf, zflGt jfOjf,

lgdf jfOjf, ljho nfdfn] clego ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf6ssf] d~r kl/sNkgfsf/ kLPd nfdf x'g'x'GYof] . d~rnfO{ ;Gtf]if tfdfª, ljho nfdf / clj;g nfdfn] lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf6sdf hut tfdfªn] Wjlg kl/rfng / a'l4 tfdfªn] e]ife'iff ;+of]hg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

gf6s dxf]T;jsf k|d'v cltly ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8ogdGqL cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf dl~rt of] gf6s k"/f ;do x]g'{eof] . gf6s d~rg ;lsPkl5 pxfFn] gf6s;Fu ;DalGwt snfsf/, k|fljlws, n]vs, lgb]{zsnfO{ 6«kmL tyf k|z+;fkq k|bfg ug'{eof] . pxfFn] gf6ssf] k|z+;f ub}{ df}lns ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f / o;sf] k|j4{g ug'{k5{ eGg] dxTjk"0f{ ;Gb]z of] gf6sn] af]s]sf] atfpg'eof] .

8Dkm' / tfdfª ;]nf]sf] kIfdf k]ª bf]h]{

10 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fsf] k|d'v cfltYodf …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&#Ú sf] bf];|f] lbg gf6s d~rg ul/of] . @^ h]7af6 bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df ;'? ePsf] dxf]T;jsf] bf];|f] lbg klxnf] ;qdf bz{sn] yfdL ;d'bfosf] ljjfx ;+:sf/ x]g]{ cj;/ kfP .

/fi6«ufgsf ;+uLtsf/ Pj+ cu|h ;+uLtsf/ cDa/ u'?ªdf ;dlk{t gf6s dxf]T;jdf bf];|f] lbgsf] klxnf] ;qfdf bz{ssf] cTolws eL8 a9]kl5 lgoGq0fsf nflu kf; afF8\g'k/]sf] lyof] .

yfdL ;d'bfosf] j}jflxs ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t gf6s …lax]sf] r6f/f]Ú df bz{sn] pgLx¿sf] ljjfx ;+:sf/nfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNg] cj;/ kfP . yfdL hflt cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] a;f]af; bf]nvf lhNnf / o;sf] cf;kf;df /x]sf] 5 . yfdL hfltsf] ljjfxsf] s]xL ;+:sf/ ls/fFt ;d'bfo;Fu ldNbf] 5 . s]xL ;+:sf/ eg] lxGb' ;d'bfosf] x'ax' /x]sf] 5 . oL b'j} ;+:sf/ ldl>t ePsfn] klg bz{snfO{ of] gf6sdf ljjfx ;+:sf/ /dfOnf] nfu]sf] lyof] . yfdL hfltsf] ljjfxnfO{ :yfgLo /+usdL{x¿n] k|ToIf d~rdf ptf/]sf lyP .

bf]nvfsf] g]kfn OlG:6Ro'6 ckm Do'lhs PG8 cf6{; -lgDkm_ n] of] gf6s

d~rg u/]sf] xf] . gf6ssf] k|f/lDes syfcg';f/ :s'n k9\b} u/]sL 5f]/LnfO{ ljjfx ug{ a'afcfdfsf] xtf/f] x'G5 . 5f]/Ln] cfkm\gf ;fyLsf] pbfx/0f lbFb} :s'n;Ddsf] k9fO ;s]/ dfq ljjfx ug]{ rfxgf JoQm ul5{g\ . a'afcfdfsf] bafa;fd' pgsf] rfxgf blaG5 . cGttM pgL ljjfx ug{ afWo x'lG5g\ .

o;kl5 gf6sdf ljjfxsf] ljljw sfo{ ;'? x'G5 . ndLsf ;fy cfPsf s]6f kIfn] ;u'g -kf]ª_ lbP/ ljjfxsf] k|:tfj /fVg], ljjfxdf s]6L kIfaf6 kfng kf]if0fsf] d"No dfUg], ;f] d"No lbg s]6f kIf tof/ x'g] h:tf sfo{ ul/G5 . To;kl5 ljjfxsf] s'/f l5lgG5 .

gf6sdf a]x'nL kIfsf] ljjfxsf] tof/L, a]x'nf / hGtLsf] cfudg, a]x'nf / hGtLnfO{ kl;{g], :jo+a/ ug]{ h:tf sfo{ x'G5 . o;kl5 hGtLnfO{ kf]ª;lxtsf] ljjfx ef]h v'jfOG5 . gf6sdf hGtL kIfnfO{ kf]ª v'jfpFbfsf] b[Zo lgs} /dfOnf] lyof] .

ljjfxdf uf]8f w'g], sGofbfg ug]{, l;Gb"/ xfNg], kf]t] nufpg], dfp/ v'jfpg] h:tf sfo{nfO{ d~rdf hLjGt b]vfOof] . 5f]/LnfO{ labfO ubf{ a'afcfdf;Fu} dfOt 5f8]/ ;w++}sf nflu sd{ 3/ hfg]qmddf a]x'nLsf] /f]bgn] bz{ssf] cfFvf /;fPsf] lyof] .

of] gf6snfO{ :yfgLo /+usdL{ lbn'

yfkfn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] xf] . lax]sf] r6f/f]df yfdL snfsf/nfO{ ;d]t ptf/]/ gf6\o k|:t'ltnfO{ hLjGt t'NofOPsf] lyof] .

of] gf6sdf yfdL ;d'bfosf snfsf/ hfgsL yfdL, ;'jf; yfdL, sljtf yfdLsf] clego lyof] . h;df snfsf/ cK;/f vqL, ch'g >]i7, lji0f ' l;jfsf]6L, ;ljgf 3tfgL, ;lrg >]i7, O{Zj/ ljs, O{Zj/ /f]sfo, ljZjbLk yklnof / /fhg a'9fyf]sLsf] klg clego lyof] . gf6s eLd;]g ;'j]bLn] n]Vg'ePsf] xf] .

g]kfn ;ª\uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] gf6s d~rgkl5 snfsf/ / k|fljlwsnfO{ 6«kmL tyf k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{eof] . bf]nvfnL snfsf/n] :t/Lo gf6s d~rg u/]sf] atfpFb} pks'nklt af;sf]6fn] dxf]T;jaf6 /fli6«o:t/sf snfsf/sf] sfd x]/]/ :yfgLo snfsf/n] cem l;Sg] cj;/ kfPsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . dxf]T;jdf ;f]r]sf] eGbf a9L bz{ssf] pkl:ylt b]v]/ df]km;ndf klg gf6ssf] qm]h a9]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .

d~rdf yfdLsf] lax] ;+:sf/

11@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fsf] k|d'v cfltYodf …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j—@)&#Ú sf] bf];|f] lbg gf6s d~rg ul/of] . dxf]T;jsf] bf];|f] lbg @& h]7sf] bf];|f] ;qdf gf6s …b]jfª\;L /fhfÚ d~rg ul/of] . @)^% ;fndf Onfddf :yfkgf ePsf] gf6\o ;d"x r'nfr'nL /Ëd~r Onfdn] o;k6ssf] dxf]T;jdf of] gf6s d~rg u/]sf] xf] .

gf6snfO{ clgn ;'Aafn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf6s d~rg x'g'cl3 lgb]{zs ;'Aafn] sfo{qmddf eGg'eof], …o; gf6ssf] kl/j]z, rl/q u|fdL0f ;dfhdf afFlr/x]sf dfG5]sf] jf:tljs hLjgdf cfwfl/t syf xf] . o;df cGo gf6sx¿sf] t'ngfdf km/s ljifo, z}nL / k|:t'lt b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .Ú

gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ k~rfotLsfndf /fhfsf] hGdf]T;j ljleGg sfo{qmd u/]/ dgfOG5 . hGdf]T;jdf lnDa'jfg If]qdf ;ft ufpFsf o'jfx¿aLr bf}8 k|ltof]lutf x'G5 . k|ltof]lutfdf k|]d lnDa"n] bf}8 lhT5 . To; If]qsf] b]jfª\;L /fhfsf] ¿kdf p;nfO{ 3f]if0ff ul/G5 . ;f] If]qdf b]jfª\;Lsf] /fh rN5 . p;sf cl3–kl5 o'jfx¿ x'G5g\ .

Tof] ;ft ufpFd} b]jfª\;LnfO{ lgs} cfb/ ;Ddfg ul/G5 . ufpFdf em}emu8f x'Fbf k~r e]nf 8fs]/ b]jfª\;Lsf] cfb]zdf lg;fkm ul/G5 .

k];fn] b]jfª\;L wfdL x'G5g\ . ufpFdf lj/fdL ePsfx¿sf] ;fFem laxfg gegL s'g} klg ;dodf uP/ emf/km's ug'{ p;sf] b}lgsL x'G5 . ufpFdf rf8kj{ cfpF5 . ;a}hgf eP/ r08L gfr gfR5g\ . ;f]xL qmddf Pp6L dlxnf b]jfª\;LnfO{ dg k5{ . tL el§jfnL dlxnfnfO{ b]jfª\;Ln] eufP/ ljjfx u5{ .

pgLx¿sf] hLjg rlng} /x]sf ] x'G5 . ;f]xL qmddf Pslbg >LdtL k]6 b'v]/ 56\k6fPsL x'G5] . ufpFaf6 Pshgf la/fdLsf cfkmGt emf/km 'ssf nflu b]jfª\;LnfO{ af]nfpg cfpF5g\ . cfkm\gL la/fdL >LdtLnfO{ cf]5\ofgd} 5f8]/ pgL emf/km'ssf nflu ufpF hfG5g\ . emf/km's ;s]/ 3/ cfpFbf >LdtLsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] x'G5 . o;kl5 kTgL ljof]udf b]jfª\;L /fhf 56\k6fpF5g\ / hfF8 /S;Lsf] s'ntdf km:5g\ . cfkm\gf] ;a} dfgkbjL vf]l;P klg pm cfkm"nfO{ b]jfª\;L /fhf eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug{ 5f8\b}g .

of] gf6sdf o;/L kb / dfgkbjLn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] hLjgdf kf/]sf] c;/nfO{ gf6\o ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ d~rdf ptfl/Psf] 5 . lnDa" hfltsf] ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t of] gf6sdf pgLx¿sf] rf8kj{ hLjgz}nL / ;dfhsf] cj:yf klg b]vfOPsf] 5 .

gf6s b]jfª\;L /fhfdf lgb]{zs clgn ;'Aaf;Fu} /ldtf /fO{, s]z/ e'h]n, lg/dfof cfª\b]Da], dfgª nfjtL, h]D; lnDa", /l~ht z+s/, ;~ho nfDufb]nufotsf] clego lyof] . :yfgLo njh, e]ife'iff tyf ;fy{s clegosf sf/0f gf6sn] bz{saf6 dxf]T;jdf k|z+;f kfof] .

gf6s d~rgkl5 ;xefuL snfsf/ tyf k|fljlwsnfO{ k|df0fkq tyf 6«kmL ljt/0f ub}{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] eGg'eof], …ut jif{sf] e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] bf]nvfnfO{ km]l/ dfly p7fpg xfdLn] of] gf6s dxf]T;j bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6df u/]sf xf}+ . cfh gf6sdf bz{ssf] eL8 b]Vbf /fhwfgLdf h:t} df]km;ndf gf6s x]g]{ bz{s /x]sf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .Ú pxfFn] cfpFbf lbgdf klg gf6s dxf]T;jnfO{ df]km;ndf cfof]hgf ul/g] k|lta4tf hgfpg'eof] .

b]jfª\;L /fhfsf] ;fg

12 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

bf]nvf . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf ut @^ b]lv #) h]7;Dd bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf ;DkGg kfFr bLj;Lo …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&#Ú sf] t];|f] lbg @* h]7sf] klxnf] ;qdf gf6s …cfxfof{Ú d~rg ul/of] .

of] gf6snfO{ sf7df8f}+sf] Pd cf6{ lyP6/n] k|:t't u/]sf] xf] . gf6snfO{ ;f]xL lyP6/sf cWoIf Pj+ cu|h gf6\osdL{ jL/]Gb| xdfnn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of] gf6snfO{ lgb]{zs xdfnn] g} n]Vg'ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf ljleGg sfnv08df ;Ltf, e[s'6L h:tf y'k|} r]nLx¿sf] ljjfx ljb]zL;Fu eof] . ;Ltf / e[s'6Lafx]s c? r]nLx¿ ljjfxkl5 b]z 5f8]/ cfkm\gf] dfOtaf6 ljb]z uPkl5 pgLx¿dfly ToxfFsf] b/af/df x'g] u/]sf] lx+;f / pgLx¿sf] u'dgfd k|;+unfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cfkm"n] of] gf6s tof/ u/]sf] lgb]{zs xdfnn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

Ps o'jtLsf] z/L/df r9]sf] d[t cfTdfsf] /f]bg / 56\k6fx6af6 gf6s ;'? x'G5 . tL o'jtLsf ;fd' Ps emfFqmL 5g\ . emfFqmLn] tL o'jtLdf r9]sf] cfTdf;Fu tGq / dGqsf] ljlwaf6 ;fTIffTsf/ u5{g\ . ;'?df gaf]Ng] Tof] cfTdf cGTodf af]Ng afWo x'G5] . cfkm" g]kfnsf] Ps ;dosf] b/af/sL /fhs'df/L cfxfof{ ePsf] Tof] cfTdfn] kl/ro lbG5] . Tof] cfTdfn] cfkm\gf] s'/f ;'gfpg rfxG5] . xhf/f}+ jif{ eO;Sbf klg cfkm\gf] s'/f s;}n] g;'lglbPsf]df cfTdfnfO{ kL8f x'G5 . pm cfkm\gf] kL8f dfOtL b]znfO{ ;'gfP/, cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbP/ d'Qm x'g rfxG5] . log} sf/0fn] ubf{ ;f] cfTdf tL o'jtLsf] z/L/df r9]sL 5] .

emfFqmLsf] s]xL If0fsf] k|of;kl5 cfxfo{n] cfkm\gf] syf atfpF5] . gf6ssf]

syfcg';f/ cfxfof { Pp6f b/af/df /fhs'df/L x'G5] . pgsf] :yfgLo Ps o'jf;Fu k|]d x'G5 . cfxfof{ cfkm\gf] k|]dL;Fu uLt ufpFb} jg h+un 3'D5] . pgLx¿ x/]s e]6df /dfpF5g\ . Psn] csf{nfO{ cyfx dfof u5{g\ . t/ cfxfof{nfO{ Pslbg 3/kl/jf/n] l5d]sL d'n'ssf /fhs'df/;Fu ljjfx ul/lbG5g\ . pgL cfkm\gf] k|]dL, cfkm\gf ;fyL;+uL, dfOtL / b]z g} 5f8]/ 3/af/ ug{ ljb]z hflG5g\ . ToxfF p;n] ;'v kfpFlbg . p;nfO{ kltn] lg/Gt/ oftgf lbG5 . pm cfkm\gf] k|]dLsf] ljof]u,

dfOtLsf] ;Demgf / kltsf] oftgfdf t8\lkG5] . o;/L oftgfs} qmddf b/af/leq} cfxfof{sf] d[To' x'G5 . pgnfO{ kltn] b/af/leq} vfN8f] vg]/ ufl8lbG5g\ . o;/L b/af/sf] vfN8f]df ufl8PsL cfxfof{sf] cfTdf cfkm\gf] syf dfOtLnfO{ ;'gfP/

cfkm\gf] kL8f kf]v]/ d'lQm kfpg rfxG5] . p;n] cfkm\gf] ;a} syf o;/L emfFqmLnfO{ ;'gfpF5] . cfxfof{sf] kL8fo'Qm syf ;'g]/ emfFsL b'MvL x'G5g\ . cGTodf emfFqmLn] tGq dGq ljlwaf6 cfxfof{sf] cfTdfnfO{ d'lQm lbG5g\ . o'jtLsf] z/L/af6 cfxfof{ ;w+}sf] nflu d'Qm eP/ hfG5] .

of] gf6sdf Pd cf6{ lyP6/sf snfsf/x¿sf] clego lyof] . ;+uLt ;'Aafsf] ;xlgb]{zg /x]sf] of] gf6sdf ;'bz{g kf08] / ;ËLt ;'Aafsf] k|sfz kl/rfng, slj /fO{ / v]dfgGb h};Lsf]

d~r lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg, ;kgfl;+x 7s'/L / rGb|f kf08]sf] e]ife'iff lyof] . gf6s d~rgkl5 cfxfof{df ;xefuL snfsf/ tyf k|fljlwsnfO{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf tkm{af6 6«kmL tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfxfof{df u'dgfd g]kfnL r]nLsf] kL8f

13@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;jg]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f

k|lti7fgsfåf/f cfof]lht /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&# sf] rf}yf] lbg @( h]7sf] klxnf] ;qdf bz{sn] d}lynL efiffsf] gf6s …;vLÚ x]g]{ cj;/ kfP .

nf]s ;~rf/ gf6\o ;d"x, sf7df8f}+sf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] of] gf6snfO{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o /d]z/~hg emfn] n]Vg'ePsf] xf] . gf6snfO{ /ËsdL{ l3ld/] o'j/fhn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;ljg s§]nn] /Ëd~rnfO{ t/fO{sf] Ps ufpFsf] 3/sf] ¿kdf ptfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL sf/0f klg gf6s t/fO{sf] ldlynf a:tLsf] syf xf] eGg] k|l:6Psf] lyof] . kljqf v8\sfsf] e]ife'iffn] kfqx¿nfO{

ldlynf kl/j]zdf 9fn]sf] lyof] . hLjg a/fnsf] k|sfz kl/rfngn] gf6snfO{ snfTds / ;hLj t'NofPsf] lyof] .

syfcg';f/ Ps ls;fg 5 . pm cfkm\gf] v]tLsf] sdfO{n] b'Mv ;'v ub}{ hLjg Aoltt ub}{5 . p;nfO{ Pslbg g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf kqmfp u/]/ n}hfG5 / aGbL agfP/ /fV5 .

;f]xL qmddf ls;fgsf] lszf]/ 5f]/f]nfO{ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/x¿n] o'4df

n}hfg] tof/L u5{g\ . t/ Tof] 5f]/f]sL ;fyL -o'jtL_ n] cfkm\gf] ;a}eGbf lk|o ;fyL -;vL_ afv|f] lbP/ k7fpF5g\ .

Tof] afv|f] kfPkl5 pgLx¿n] lszf]/nfO{ 5f8\5g\ / p;sf] 7fpFdf afv|f] lnP/ hfG5g\ . lszf]/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/ aGgaf6 hf]ufpg ;s]sf]df p;sL cfdf / lbbLn] klg s]xL /fxtsf] dx;'; u5{g\ . tL lszf]/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL sAhfdf kg{ glbg cfkm"n] u/]sf] k|of; ;kmn ePsf]df tL

o'jtL hlt v';L x'lG5g\, cfkm\gf] lk|o afv|f] -;fyL_ u'dfpg' k/]sf]df TolQs} b'MvL klg x'lG5g\ .

gf6sdf hgo'4sf] sf/0f dfgjLo ;+j]bgf 36\bf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] / Tof] eGbf a9L ;+j]bgf / k|]defj dfgj / Ps 3/kfn'jf kz' -afv|f]_ aLr ePsf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . of] gf6sn] Tolta]nf åGåsf sf/0f dfgjLo ;+j]bgfxLg aGb} k|;+unfO{ v/f] Jo+Uo u/]sf] 5 . /fHo kIfsf ;]gf / ljb|f]xL kIfsf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] r]k'jfdf cfdg]kfnL k/]sf] k|;+u o;df p7fOPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL sf/0f klg gf6s lgs} /f]rs / ;zQm ag]sf] lyof] .

of] gf6sdf d}lynL efifL snfsf/x¿ k|df]b cu|x/L, dfwjL s0f{, ;+uLtf p/fp, lgn]z emf, lk|oª\sf emfnfO{ clego u/fOPsfn] klg pgLx¿sf] d}lynL ;+jfb ;zQm lyof] . o;df cGo snfsf/sf ¿kdf :dfl/s km'ofFn, ljj]s ltjf/L, ;~h' k/fh'nL, ;'/]z lh;L, ;'/h kf08], /d]z blxt, b]j]g sfsL{, gl;{; lnDa", 3gZofd n'OF6]n, ;ª\uLtf kf]v/]n, ems]Gb| lj;L, ;GbLk yklnofsf] clego lyof] .

lgb]{zs l3ld/] o'j/fhn] cfkm"nfO{ d}lynL efiff /fd|/L gcfpg] atfP klg pxfFn] d}lynL gf6snfO{ d}lynL njh / jftfj/0fd} k|:t't ug'{eof] . gf6s k|:t't ug{ efiffsf] Tolt w]/} ufx|f] gkg]{ s'/fnfO{ lgb]{zs l3ld/]n] of] gf6saf6 k|:6\ofO{ lbg'eof] . cfkm"n] n]v]sf] gf6s ;vLnfO{ ;f]r]sf] eGbf /fd|f] ¿kdf lgb]{zs l3ld/] o'j/fhn] d~rdf k|:t't u/]sf] dxf]T;jdf ;f] gf6s d~rgkl5 n]vs emfn] atfpg'eof] .

åGåsf] syf af]s]sf] ;vL

14 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

bf]nvf . /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;a–@)&# sf] t];|f] lbg @* h]7sf] bf];|f] ;qdf gf6s …pwf/ h'QfÚ d~rg ul/of] . of] gf6ssf] lgb]{zg clgnrGb| emf / k/d]z emfn]] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|f= 8f= /fh]Gb| ladnsf] rlr{t d}lynL syf …pwf/ h'QfÚnfO{ ldlynf gf6\o kl/ifb\n] of] gf6s dxf]T;jdf d~rg u/]sf] xf] . d}lynL efiffdf d~rg ul/P klg gf6sdf snfsf/sf] clegon] ubf{ bz{snfO{ gf6s a'em\g ufx|f] ePg . of] gf6sn] bz{snfO{ lg/Gt/ xF;fof] .

gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ k|f]km];/sf] 3/df hDdf Ps hf]/ h'Qf 5 . ToxL h'Qfn] ;kl/jf/n] sfd rnfpg' k/]sf] 5 . k|f]km];/sf] Pp6f 5f]/fsf ;f]xL lbg k|]ldsf;Fu 8]l6ª 5 . csf]{ 5f]/fsf] 8fG; k|ltof]lutf 5 . To:t}, ;fnf]sf] Tof] lbg Pp6f sfof{nodf gf]s/Lsf nflu cGtjf{tf{ 5 . k|f]km];/ :jo+sf] ljz]if sIff 5 .

3/df hDdf Ps hf]/ h'Qf ePsfn] Tof] h'Qf tL rf/hgfdWo] s;n] nufpg] eGg] tgfj ;[hgf x'G5 . Ps hf]/ h'Qf tL rf/hgfn] tfgftfg ubf{ s;}sf] xftdf ;f]n cfpF5 . s;}sf]

xftdf lkmQf t s;}sf] xftdf h'Qfsf] dflyNnf] efu 5 . ePsf] Pshf]/ h'Qf klg o;/L RofltPkl5 ca pgLx¿

s;/L cfkm\gf] uGtJodf hfg] eGg] tgfjdf x'G5g\ . ;f]xL qmddf k|f]km];/sf Pshgf ;fyL 6'Kn'Ss 3/df cfOk'U5g\ . k|f]km];/sL >LdtL / ;;'/fn] tTsfn} 3/df ;Togf/fo0f k"hfsf] k|k~r /R5g\ . tL kfx'gf lbge/ ;Togf/fo0fsf] syf ;'Gg Jo:t x'G5g\ . Tof] ;dodf k|f];]km/;lxt pgsf b'O{ 5f]/f / ;fnf]n] kfn}kfnf] tL kfx'gfsf] h'Qf nufP/ cfkm\gf] sfd kmQ] u5{g\ . To;nuQ} k|f]km];/sf] hGdlbgdf kl/jf/sf ;a}n] gofF h'Qf pkxf/ lbG5g\ . gofF h'Qf kfP/ v';L ePsf tL k|f]km];/n] cfkm"nfO{ lbOPsf] ;a} gofF h'Qf cfkm\gf] gfddf pwf/f] NofPsf] hfgsf/L kfpF5g\ . pgL a]xf]; eP/ 9N5g\ . lj:tf/} pgL xf];df cfpF5g\ . tyflk gofF h'Qf kfPsf]df pgL v';L x'G5g\ .

of] gf6sdf ;'lgn dlNns / ;ËLtf b]jn] k|ToIf ;+uLt lbg'ePsf] lyof] . h;df /fdcflzif 7fs'/sf] z[+uf/, z}n]Gb| dlNnssf] d~r Joj:yfkg lyof] . syfnfO{ cjw]z kf]v/]nn] gf6\o ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of] gf6sdf ldgfksf snfsf/x¿ lji0f'sfGt ld>, dbg 7fs'/, clgtf/fgL d08n, d's]z emf, lw/h 7fs'/, /fdgf/fo0f 7fs'/ / u+ufsfGt emfsf] clego lyof] . gf6s d~rgkl5 snfsf/nfO{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf tkm{af6 6«kmL tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

ul/aLsf] kL8fpwf/ h'Qfdf

15@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

bf]nvf . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f bf]nvfsf] rl/sf ]6l:yt l;Dkfg]df /x]sf ] ;fd'bflos ejgdf cfof]lht …/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&#Ú sf] rf}yf] lbgsf] bf];|f] ;qdf gf6s …lhpFbf] cfsfzÚ d~rg ul/of] . of] g]kfnL gf6snfO{ lj/f6gu/sf] lj/f6 d}lynL gf6\osnf kl/ifb\n] d~rdf ptf/]sf] xf] . gf6snfO{ /f]zgs'df/ d]xtfn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . …lhpFbf] cfsfzÚnfO{ rGb|k|;fb kf08]on] n]Vg'ePsf] xf] .

of] gf6sdf cNk;+Vos t];|f] lnËLx¿sf] syf / ;d:of p7fg ul/Psf] lyof] . t];|f] lnËL ePs} sf/0f ;dfhaf6 ckx]lnt x'g'kbf{ ;DalGwt kfqn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] sl7gfO / p;sf] dgf]bzfdf of] gf6s s]lGb|t lyof] .

gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ Pp6f afns hGdFbf s]6f ePs} sf/0f p;sf] gfd uf}/j /flvG5 . pm k'?ifsf] ¿kdf hlGdP klg lj:tf/} dlxnfsf] Jojxf/ b]vfpg yfN5 . o;/L cfkm\gf] 5f]/fn] 5f]/Lsf] Jojxf/ b]vfpFbf p;sf cleefjs lrlGtt t x'G5g g} . lsg o:tf] eof] eg]/ pgLx¿n] a'em\g ;Sb}gg\ .

Tof] afns x's{Fb} hfG5 . pm cfkm"nfO{ klg d gf/L x'F h:tf] dx;';

x'g yfN5 . ;dfhn] p;sf] lgolt a'em\g ;Sb}g . ;f]xL sf/0f p;nfO{ :s'n tyf ;dfhdf ;s/fTds ¿kdf x]l/Fb}g . p;n] /fd|/L k9\g klg kfpFb}g . 5f]/f eP/ 5f]/Lsf] Jojxf/

b]vfPsf] eGb} cfkm\g} sfsfn] p;nfO{ slxn] lk6\5 t slxn] dfgl;s oftgf lbG5 . p;sf] 3lgi6 ;fyL lbks klg pmaf6 PsfPs 6fl9G5 .

jo:s ePkl5 uf}/jn] cfkm\gf gfd kl/jt{g u/]/ ul/df aG5 . tyflk pgnfO{ cfdfn] dfof ug{ 5f8\lbgg\ . cfdfsf] dfofs} sf/0f ul/dfn] rfx]/ klg cfTdxTof ug{ ;lSbgg\ . p;sf] w]/} k6ssf] cfTdxTof k|of; c;kmn x'G5 . uf}/jn] cfkm"nfO{ 5f]/Lsf]

¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] b]v]kl5 kl/jf/sf ;b:o p;sf] ljjfx ug{ rfxG5g\ . lsgls ljjfxn] g} ul/dfnfO{ gofF hLjg lbg] / ;fdfhdf ckx]lnt x'g' gkg]{ ljZjf; p;sf] kl/jf/sf] x'G5 .

;f]xL qmddf ul/dfsf] ljjfx x'G5 . p;sf] ljjfx eg] uf}/jsf] ¿kdf ul/lbG5g\ . ul/df alg;s]sL uf}/jnfO{ kTgL NofOlbG5g\ . ul/dfn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ cyfx dfof t u5]{, t/ kltnfO{ lbg'kg]{ zf/Ll/s ;'vef]u lbg ;lSbg . ul/df / p;sf] kTgLsf nflu of] ;DaGw emg\ kL8fbfoL alglbG5 . lsgls kl/jf/n] hlt n'sfpg ;s] klg p;sf] t];|f] lnËL kl/ro n'Sb}g . cGttM ul/dfn] kl/jf/sf] lg0f{olj?4 cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhdf v'nf ¿kdf dlxnfsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ul5{g\ . o;f] ubf{ ul/dfnfO{ dfgl;s cfgGb ldN5 . tyflk ;dfh / 3/kl/jf/n] p;nfO{ ckx]ngf ug{ 5f8\b}g . h;sf] lj?4 ul/dfsf] ;+3if{ hf/L /xG5 .

gf6s lhpFbf ] cfsfzdf /f]zgs'df/ d]xtfsf] Psn clego 5 . pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ ljleGg rl/qdf 9fn]/ gf6snfO{ k"0f{ Gofo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . gf6sdf d]xtfn] cfkm}+nfO{ lgb]{zg u/]/ ljljw e"ldsf ptfg'{ k|z+;fof]Uo sfo{ xf] . gf6sdf ls/0f rflDnªsf] ;+uLt kl/sNkgf, ;fhg yfkf / ;'dg ;]Gr'/Lsf] d~r Joj:yfkg, afbn e§sf] sf]l/of]u|fkmL, ;l/tf ;fxsf] e]ife'iff, /]g'sf sfsL{sf] z[+uf/, czf]s uf}tdsf] kl/sNkgf lyof] .

lhp “bf] cfsfzdf t];|f] ln·Lsf] kL8f

16 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

/fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j—@)&# sf] kfFrf} lbg #) h]7sf] klxnf] ;qdf bz{sx¿n] gf6s …dxfb]jsf] afhLÚ af6 dgf]/~hg lnP . cf/f]x0f u'?s'nn] k|:t't u/]sf]

of] gf6s lgs} /dfOnf] lyof] . gf6snfO{ k|lj0f vltj8fn] lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

of] gf6s nf]ssyfdf cfwfl/t lyof] . gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ cfw'lgs e]ife'iffdf ;lhP/ dxfb]j Pslbg g]kfnsf] Pp6f ufpFdf 3'd]sf x'G5g\ . v]tdf Pp6f ls;fgn] ufFhf vfPsf] b]v]/ dxfb]jn] klg tL ls;fg;Fu ufFhf dfu]/ vfG5g\ . k|r08 udL{ ePsfn] Tof] /ft kfgL kg]{ egfO{ ls;fgn] /fV5g\ . t/ dxfb]jn] kfgL kb}{g eG5g\ . ;f]xL ljifodf ls;fg / dxfb]jn] Ps cfk;df afhL 7f]S5g\ . dxfb]j kfgL gkg]{ / ls;fg kfgL{ kg]{ eGg] ljifodf afhL x'G5 .

To;kl5 dxfb]jn] afbnnfO{ e]6]/ kfgL gkfg{ ;'emfj lbG5g\ . afbnn] OGb|b]jsf] cfb]z gcfpFbf;Dd cfkm"n] kfgL gkg]{ atfpFb} cfb]z glbg OGb|b]jnfO{ cfu|x ug'{k5{ eGof] . dxfb]jn] OGb|b]jnfO{ e]6]/ kfgL gkfg{ lgb]{zg lbg] qmddf Eofu'tfn] uLt gufP;Dd cfkm"n] kfgL gkfg]{ ePsfn] Eofu'tfnfO{ e]6]/ uLt gufpg cfu|h ug{ OGb|b]jn] cg'/f]w ug'{eof] . dxfb]jn] Eofu'tfnfO{ e]6]/ uLt gufpg cg'/f]w ubf{ Eofu'tfn] klg h'gls/Ln] /flt aQL afn]sf] v08df cfkm"x¿n] uLt ufpg'kg]{ atfof] . dxfb]jn] h'gls/LnfO{ e]6]/ cfhsf] /ft k'R5/df aQL gafNg cfu|x u/] . h'gls/Lx¿n] x'G5 eGb} Tof] /ft aQL gafNg] lg0f{o u/] .

Tof] /ft ls;fgx¿ 6'sL afn]/ v]tdf k'U5g\ . y'k|} 6'sL an]sf] k/af6 b]Vbf Eofu'tfn] k'R5/df h'gls/Ln] aQL afn]sf] 7fGb5g\ . clg Eofu'tfx¿n] uLt ufpg yfN5g\ . Eofu'tfsf] uLt ;'g]/ OGb|b]jn] afbnnfO{ kfgL kfg{ cfb]z lbG5g\ . clg 3g3f]/ kfgL k5{ .

o;/L dxfb]jn] afhL xf5{g\ . cfkm"n] afhL xf/]kl5 nlHht x'Fb} dxfb]jn] ls;fg;Fu cfkm" dxfb]j ePsf] atfpF5g\ . cfkm"n] klxnf g} dxfb]j eg]/ lrg]sf sf/0f afhL yfk]sf] ls;fgn] atfPkl5 dxfb]j lhNn k5{g\ / ToxfFaf6 cfkm\gf] af6f] nfU5g\ .

gf6sdf dxfb]j, OGb|b]jb]lv cK;/f;DdnfO{ cfw'lgs e]ife'iff / z}nLdf ptfl/Psf] lyof] . Eofu'tf / hgls/LnfO{ klg cfsif{s ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . kf}/fl0fs syfnfO{ gofF z}nL / :jfbdf 9n]/ lgb]{zs k|lj0f vltj8fn] dxf]T;jdf bz{ssf] dg lhTg'eof] .

gf6ssf] k|fljlwstkm{ ;Gtf]if ofbjsf] Wjlg, ;fu/ ljZjf;sf] k|sfz kl/rfng lyof] . gf6snfO{ cf/f]x0f u'?s'n lj/f6gu/n] lgs} :t/Lo 9+un] k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . gf6s dxfb]jsf] afhLdf ldng g]kfnL, ;'lgtf l3ld/], k|ofu Gof}kfg], d's]z s0f{, /fh]z 7fs'/, ddtf dxh{g, c+lstf ljZjf;, e/t sfsL{, ljsf; k/fh'nL, l/of a'9fyf]sL, czf]s uf}tdsf] clego lyof] .

dxfb]jn] afhL xf/]kl5

17@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6s dxf]T;j

;a}sf ;kgf k"/f x'Fb}gg\ . cem wgL tyf ;DkGg JolQmx¿sf] t'ngfdf ul/a JolQmx¿sf]

;kgf w]/} g} k"/f x'Fb}g . o:t} ;Gb]z af]s]sf] gf6s …s]/d]6 ;kgfÚ o;k6ssf] /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;a–@)&# df bz{sn] x]g]{ cj;/ kfP .

of] gf6snfO{ x]6f } +8fsf] t/Ë ;f+:s[lts kl/ifb\n] d~rg u/]sf] xf] . @)%! ;fnb]lv gf6\o If]qdf lqmofzLn

kl/ifb\n] b]z ljb]zsf gf6s dxf]T;jdf efu lnFb} cfPsf] o;sf lgb]{zs pHHjn zdf{ e08f/Ln] gf6s d~rgsf] qmddf hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

bf]nvfsf] rl/sf]6l:yt l;Dkfg]sf] ;fd'bflosf ejgdf cfof]lht /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)&# sf] clGtd lbg gf6s s]/d]6 ;kgf d~rg ul/Psf] lyof] . nfn >]i7n] n]Vg'ePsf] of] gf6ssf] lgb]{zg pHHjn zdf{ e08f/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

gf6snfO{ snfsf/x¿ s'df/ zfx, k|no rf}nfufO{, /fdaxfb'/ yf]s/, nId0f yf]s/, ;fhg s'df/ / nfnaxfb'/ kf}8]nn] d~rg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

gf6ssf] syfdf Pshgf wgL ;fx'hL / Pshgf ul/a el/of x'G5g\ . oL b'j}sf 5f]/f Ps csf{sf ldNbf ;fyL x'G5g\ . ;Fu} x'ls{Psf pgLx¿ k9fO / cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f km/s k];fdf nfU5g\ . wgL ;fx'sf 5f]/f Pp6f sf/vfgfsf] dflns aG5g\ . ul/a el/ofsf 5f]/f ;f]xL sf/vfgfsf sfdbf/ aG5g\ .

t/ sf/vfgfsf] dflns cfkm\gf] ;fyL ePsf] Tof] ul/a sfdbf/nfO{ cfgGb nfU5 . cfkm\gf] ;fyLsf] sf/vfgf eP

klg pgn] sf7 ld:qLsf] sfd lgs} OdfGbf/ ;fy u5{ . ;f]xL qmddf Tof] sf/vfgfsf] ;fx' la/fdL k5{ . otf, p;sf] dhb'/ ;fyLn] cfkm\gf afFsL ;fyLnfO{ cfkm"n] sfd ug]{ sf/vfgfsf] af/]df aofg u5{ . ;f] sf/vfgfsf] dflns cfkm\gf] ;fyL ePsf] p;n] uj{sf ;fy ;'gfpF5 . Tof] ;fyLnfO{ e]6 u/fP/ sfddf nufOlbg] cfZjf;g klg p;n] lbG5 . t/ To;cl3 g} p;sf] ;f] sf/vfgf ;~rffns ;fyLsf] lgwg eO;s]sf]af/] hfgsf/L kfpFb}g . ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] wgL ;fyLaf/] ukm lbg] qmddf Pp6f klqsfdf ToxL wgL ;fyLsf] tl:a/;lxt >4f~hnL 5flkPsf] b]v]kl5 pm :tAw x'G5 . Tolta]nf p;n] cfkm\gf] afFsL ;kgf klg s]/d]6 ePsf] dx;'; u5{ .

of ] gf6sdf ul/a / wgLsf ] hLjgz}nLnfO{ oyfy{ z}nLdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . wgL / ul/ax¿sf] njh, e]ife'iff, pgLx¿sf] hLjgz}nLn] gf6snfO{ hLjGt t'NofPsf] lyof] . /f]un] ul/a / wgL geGg] / h;sf] klg Hofg lng] ub{5 eGg] ;Gb]znfO{ of] gf6sdfkm{t k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . wgLsf] ;kgf w]/} xb;Dd k"/f x'g] eP klg ul/asf] ;kgf s]jn ;kgf g} alg/xg] oyfy{nfO{ of]

gf6sdf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . k|:t'lt, ;Gb]zb]lv clego;Ddsf lx;fan] gf6s /fd|f] ag]sf] loyf] . dxf]T;jdf ;xefuL bz{sn] klg gf6snfO{ dg k/fP .

of] gf6ssf] d~rg;Fu} o;k6ssf] /fli6«o gf6s dxf]T;j–@)%# ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . gf6s cfof]hs ;+:yf g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj u0f]z /l;sn] of] gf6ssf snfsf/ k|fljlwsnfO{ gf6s ;lsPkl5 k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{eof] . gf6s dxf]T;jdf bz{ssf] pNnf;k"j{s eL8 b]v]/ pxfFn] gf6s dxf]T;j ;kmn eof] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] dxf]T;j lgs} eJo / ;Eo;Fu ;DkGg ePsf] klg atfpg'eof] .

gf6s dxf]T;jsf ;+of]hs Pj+ g]kfn gf6s dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ug'{sf] sf/0faf/] g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf kl/ifb\ ;b:o k'is/axfb'/ u'?ªn] k|sfz kfg'{eof] . ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf csf{ kl/ifb\ ;b:o Pj+ dxf]T;j ;x;+of]hsn] dxf]T;j ;kmn kfg{ ;3fpg] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf6s dxf]T;a ;f]r]eGbf lgs} /fd|f];Fu ;DkGg ePsf] klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .

ul/asf] s]/d]6 ;kgf

18 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

;·Lt lbj;

sf7df8f}+ . ;ËLtsf/ cd'n sfsL{ 9nLsf] g]t[Tjdf d~rdf plqPsf] g]kfn ;}lgs Aof08åf/f ha Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ ljleGg g]kfnL nf]s tyf ;'ud ;ËLtsf w'gx¿ k|:t't ul/of], ;f] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly pk/fi6«klt gGblszf]/ k'gn] pxfFx¿sf] k|:t'ltnfO{ tfnLn] ;fy lbg' eof] .

ljZj ;ËLt lbj;sf] cj;/df & c;f/df hdnsf] /fli6«o gfr3/df cfof]lht …ljZj ;ËLt lbj;–@)!^Ú sf] k|;+u xf] of] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g klg pk/fi6«klt k'gn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o

k|1f k|lti7fg, ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfg -/fli6«o gfr3/_, g]kfn ;f+uLlts ;+3 / g]kfn k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{non] /fli6«o gfr3/df ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd ub}{ ljZj ;ËLt lbj; dgfPsf] xf] .

jif{s} nfdf] lbg @! h'gnfO{ ljZje/ ljZj ;ËLt lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfOG5 . pk/fi6«klt k'g, g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6f, ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfgsf dxfk|aGws /fh]z yfkf / g]kfn k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{nosf /lh6«f/ /fh]Gb| l;Ub]n / g]kfn ;fËLlts ;+3sf cWoIf

ldng df]Qmfng] sfo{qmddf ljleGg cu|h ;|i6fnfO{ ljlzi6 ;Ddfg k|bfg u/] . .

g]kfnL ;ËLt If]qdf cfhLjg of]ubfg lbPsf] eGb} pxfFx¿nfO{ ljlzi6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] . ;Ddflgt x'g]df cu|h ;ËLtsf/x¿ rGb|/fh zdf{, /l~ht uhd]/, of]uz j}B, cu|h g[To lgb]{zs e}/jaxfb'/ yfkf, uLtsf/ ls/0f v/]n / afBafbs eutl;+x afubf; x'g'x'GYof] .

o:t} ;ËLtsf/ k|sfz u'?ª, dgf]x/ ;'gfd, cd'n sfsL{ 9nL, ;Gtf]if >]i7, uLtsf/ >Lk'?if 9sfn / lbg]z yklnofnfO{ sfo{qmddf ;Ddfg ul/of] .

…ljZj ;ËLt lbj;–@)!^Ú

;|i6f ;Ddfg;lxt ljljw ;fËLlts sfo{qmd

19@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

;·Lt lbj;

;f] sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf ;}lgs Aof08åf/f ;fËLlts w'gaf6 pk/fi6«klt;lxtsf] dg lhltof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly pk/fi6«klt k'gn] sl/a tLg 3G6f a;]/ sfo{qmddf k|:t't ul/Psf] uLt ;ËLtsf] :jfb lng'eof] . pxfFsf] ;fd' cfkm\gf snf k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf snfsf/nfO{ xf};nf ldn]sf] lyof] .

;Ddfg;Fu} sfo{qmdsf cltlynfO{ /fli6«o gfr3/sf snfsf/x¿ sljtf dfgGw/, ;jgd l;njfn, c~h' /l~htsf/, /]vf >]i7 / zf/bf l;njfnn] d+unw'g tyf :jfut uLt / g[Toaf6 cltlysf] :jfut ug'{eof] . ;+:yfgsf snfsf/x¿ a|fDxfrfo{ SofK5fsL, vs{axfb'/ a'9f, ljkLg l3ld/], lznf cfn], rfFbgL xdfnnufotn] k|:t't u/]sf] /fli6«o uLt pTs[i6 lyof] . ;+:yfgs} snfsf/n] dWoklZrdsf] l;+uf? g[To cfsif{s z}nLdf k|:t't ug'{eof] . pxfFx¿n] ljleGg nf]s g[To k|:t't u/]/ ljZj ;+uLt lbj;sf] /f}gstf a9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

pk/fi6«klt k'gn] ljZj ;ËLt lbj;sf] cj;/df ;a}nfO{ z'esfdgf lbFb} nf]s;ËLtaf6 ;'? ePsf] g]kfnL ;ËLt cfw'lgs / kfZrfTo z}nLsf] x'Fb} clxn]sf] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'u]sf] xf] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] ;ËLt / snflagf hLjgsf] sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] atfpg'eof] . pk/fi6«klt k'gn] uLt ;ËLt dflg;sf] x/knsf] ;fyL ePsf] wf/0ff /fVb} ;|i6fnfO{ /fi6«af6 ;Ddfg x'g' k5{ eGg'eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o

k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof], …;+;f/df ;ËLtaf6 sf]xL c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}g . To;}n] ljZj ;ËLt lbj;sf] ;f] cj;/df g]kfnL ;ËLtnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf k'¥ofpg] k|0f xfdL ;a}n] u/f}+ .Ú

;+:yfgsf dxfk|aGws /fh]z yfkfn] snfsf/ / snfIf]qnfO{ /fHon] sdfp / vfp eGg] x}g, :jfYo lzIff / ;'/Iffem} plrt nufgL / k|j4{g ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ;ËLtsf] efiff ;+;f/df Pp6} x'g] / ;ËLtn] ;+;f/e/sf dflg;nfO{ efjgfTds ¿kdf Pstfsf] ;'qdf afFw]sf] x'gfn] ljZj ;ËLt lbj; @! h'gdf dgfOg] xf] eGg' eof] .

g]kfn k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{nosf /lh:6«f/ /fh]Gb| l;Ub]nn]n] ;ËLtsf] dxTj bzf{pFb} ;|i6fsf] ;ËLt ;[hgf af}l4s ;Dklt ePsfn] To;sf] kfO/];L gug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .

g]kfn ;fËLlts ;+3sf cWoIf ldng df]Qmfgn] ;ËLtsf] dxTjaf/] k|sfz kfb}{ ;+3n] tLg jif{otfaf6 ljZj ;ËLt lbj; dgfpFb} cfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

;f] sfo{qmddf Pncf/cfO{ :s'n sn+sLsf ljBfyL{x¿n] cs]{:6«f ;+uLt k|:t't u/]/ bz{saf6 lg/Gt/ tfnLsf] ;fy kfpg'eof] . o:t} ;fwgf snf s]Gb|sf snfsf/n] nf]s g[Todfkm{t bz{snfO{ cfslif{t ug'{eof] .

;+:yfuttkm{ ;+uLtsf/ ;+3 g]kfnsf dx]z v8\sf,

nId0f z]if, a;Gt ;fksf]6f, r]tg ;fksf]6f, zflGt/fd /fO{, snfsf/x¿n] ho ho g]kfn== uLt ufP/ bz{sdf /fli6«o efjgf hufpg' eof] .

;f]xL sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;f+uLlts ;+3sf snfsf/ ldng df]Qmfg, ;Gtf]if >]i7, vs{axfb'/ a'9f, df};dL u'?ª, ?t' sF8]n, k|]dk|sfz cf]nL, ljsf; rf}w/L, dlgiff kf]v/]nnufotn] ;+:yfut g]kfn ;fËLlts ;+3===uLt k|:t't ug'{eof] .

td' snfsf/ ;+3sf tkm{af6 s[i0f u'?ª / pgsf ;xof]uLn] ufosf] ;fn} hf] efsfdf bz{s ggfrL /xg ;s]gg\ . g]kfn du/ ;f+:s[lts ;+3åf/f sfo{qmddf k|:t't ul/Psf] 6Kkf klg cfsif{s lyof] .

;f]xL sfo{qmddf cflbjf;L hghflt snfsf/ ;+3sf snfsf/n] xfdL cflbaf;L===, tfdfª snfsf/ ;+3sf tkm{af6 OlGb/f uf]n]n] 5ofdfn] a'g]sf] of] 8Dkm'===uLt ufP/ bz{snfO{ grfpg' eof] .

dWo klZrdf~rn ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fgsf vs{ a'9f / pgsf] dfbn 6f]nL sdn ufpFn]nufotn] dfbn / s[i0f u'?ªn] afF;'/L afbgdf /f]rs k|lt:kwf{ ug'{eof] .

zf:qLo afbgtkm{ gu]Gb| /fO{ / pgsf ;fyL huGgfyn] afF;'/L / tjnfdfkm{t x+zWjlg /fu, ¿ks tfn / b|'t nodfkm{t bz{ssf] dg lhTg'eof] .

o;/L gfr3/df ut & c;f/df g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;xsfo{df eJo ;fËLlts sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

20 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

sf7df8f}+ . clxn];Dd /]s8{ ePsf uLt ;ËLtsf] clen]v /fVg'kg]{ wf/0ff ;fËLlts ;|i6fx¿sf] 5 . clen]vsf] cefjsf sf/0f klg s'g uLt slxn] /]s8{ ePsf] / Tof] uLtsf ;|i6fx¿ sf]–sf] ePsf] eGg]af/] tYo yfxf kfpg' ufx|f] ePsf] pxfFx¿sf] egfO 5 .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg ;ËLt ljefuåf/f ut * c;f/df sf7df8f}+sf] sdnfbLl:yt g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf cfof]lht …g]kfnL ;ËLt lxhf] / cfhÚ ljifos larf/ uf]i7Ldf ;ËLtsdL{x¿n] o:tf] egfO /fVg'ePsf] xf] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 …;?eQmÚ sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] uf]i7Ldf ;ËLtsf/ 6Lsf e08f/Ln] …g]kfnL ;ËLt lxhf] / cfhÚ laifosf] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] sfo{kqdf g]kfnL cfw'lgs ;ËLt ofqf ;]t'/fdaf6 !(^) ;fnkl5 ;'? ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ To;kl5 clxn];Ddsf] cj:yfaf/] ;d]6\g' ePsf] lyof] . ;]t'/fdaf6 ;'? ePsf] g]kfnL cfw'lgs ;ËLt g]kfndf k|hftGq cfPkl5 @))& ;fn x'Fb} clxn];Dd cfOk'Ubf s'g cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 eGg]af/] pxfFn] sfo{kqdf ;d]6\g' ePsf] 5 .

o;/L g]kfnL cfw'lgs ;ËLtsf] Ps ;o !$ jif{sf] Oltxf; / o;sf] cj:yf, g]kfnL nf]s, zf:qLo, rnlrq, kk ;ËLt / oL uLt ;ËLtsf] cj:yfaf/] klg pxfFsf] sfo{kqdf rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{kqdf g]kfnL uLt ;ËLtsf] k|fljlws

ljsf; qmd, o;sf r'gf}tL, lxhf]sf uLtx¿sf] ljz]iftf, cfhsf uLtx¿sf] cj:yf, cfhsf] ;ËLtsf] cj:yf, g]kfnL ;ËLtsf r'gf}tLx¿ / ef]lnsf] g]kfnL ;ËLtsf] ck]Iffaf/] la:t[t JofVof ul/Psf] lyof] .

;ËLtsf/ 6Lsf e08f/Ln] uf]i7Ldf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{kqdfly uLtsf/ 8f= s[i0fxl/ a/fnn] l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] . e08f/Ln] lgs} d]xgt u/]/ sfo{kq tof/ ug'{ePsf] 8f= a/fnn] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] 5f]6f] ;dodf tof/ kfl/Psf] eP klg sfo{kqdf w]/} s'/f ;d]l6Psf] 5 eGg'eof] .

tyflk sfo{kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf ltlyldlt w]/} unt ePsf] 8f= a/fnn] atfpg'eof] . To:tf unt ltlyldlt ;RofP/ sfo{kqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbO{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ klg pxfFn] ;ËLtsf/ e08f/LnfO{ ;'emfa lbg'eof] . sfo{kqsf] ljifo …g]kfnL ;+uLt lxhf] / cfhÚ lgs} a[xt\ ePsfn] of] zLif{saf6 Ps bh{g ljwfjfl/lwsf nflu zf]w ljifo lgsfNg ;lsg] wf/0ff /fVb} cfpFbf lbgdf 5l/tf] ljifodf sfo{kq tof/ ug{ klg pxfFn] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly Pj+ cu|h uLtsf/ ls/0f v/]nn] sfo{kqsf] v'n]/ k|z+;f ug'{eof] . pxfFn] klg e08f/Ln] sfo{kqdf w]/} s'/f ;d]6]sf] atfpg'eof] . uLtsf/ v/]nn] sfo{kqnfO{ cem yk cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L a[xt\ agfP/ k':tssf] ¿kdf k|sfzg ubf{ pko'Qm x'g] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . g]kfnL uLt

;ËLtsf] cflwsfl/s Oltxf; ;d]l6Psf k':ts lgs} sd ePsfn] o;af/] k':ts lgsfNg uLtsf/ v/]nn] e08f/LnfO{ ;Nnfx lbg'eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ n] g]kfnL uLt ;ËLtsf] vf]h cg';Gwfg, ;+/If0f ;Da4{g / ljsf; ug'{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] bfloTj xf] eGg'eof] . To;}n] uLt ;ËLt;DaGwL ljleGg uf]i7L, vf]h cg';Gwfg h:tf sfo{qmd klg k|lti7fgn] ub}{ cfPsf] pxfFn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . k|lti7fgn] g]kfnL ;ËLt If]qdf nfu]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ k':ts k|sfzg ug{ nfu]sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ :jfut ub}{ g]kfnL ;ËLtsf] Oltxf;af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;f] ljrf/ uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] cu|hx¿sf] ;[hgfnfO{ hf]ufP/ cfpg] k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f g]kfnL uLt ;ËLtsf] af/]df cg';fGwfg u/]/ k':ts, 8s'd]G6«L cflb agfpg] sfd k|lti7fgn] ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsL ;+of]hs Pj+ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsL k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o pGgtL af]x/f …lznfÚ n] g]kfnL uLt ;ËLtsf] Oltxf;b]lv clxn];Ddsf] cj:yfaf/] hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg hfgsf/L xf];\ eg]/ cflwsfl/s b:tfj]h tof/ ug{ 6Lsf e08f/LnfO{ sfo{kq tof/ ug{ nufPsf] xf] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] ;f] sfo{kqnfO{ k|lti7fgn] k':tssf] ¿k lbg] klg atfpg'eof] .

g]kfnL ;·Lt lxhf] / cfhsf] cj:yfaf/] uf]i7L

21@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

ultljlw

cf]vn9'·f . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg zf:qLo tyf k/Dk/fut ljefun] ut !* c;f/ @)&# df l;l4r/0f gu/kflnsf $, cf]vn9'·fdf jfBjfbg tflnd cfof]hgf u¥of] . pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 cf]vn9'·f / o'gfO6]8 x\ofG8\; g]kfnsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;KtfxJofkL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g cf]vn9'·fsf ;+uLt ;fws *% jifL{o e}/jaxfb'/ >]i7n] ug'{eof] . pxfF ;f] sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly klg x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] kfg;df bLk k|Hjng / tjnf ahfO{ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj k|lti7fgsf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs Pj+ zf:qLo tyf k/Dk/fut ljefuLo k|d'v k|f1 pbo >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg zf:qLo tyf k/Dk/fut ;+uLt ljefusf k|d'v k|f1 pbo >]i7n] xfd|f df}lns afhfx¿nfO{ k|j4{g ;+/If0f

ug{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] eGg'eof] . k|lti7fgn] o:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;3fpFb} cfPsf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ;xefuL cltlyx¿nfO{ cf]vn9'·f pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf 1fg]Gb|s'df/ df:s]n] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] o:tf] lsl;dsf] k|lzIf0fn] g]kfnL df}lns jfBjfbgsf] ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} ;DalGwt snfsf/n] jfBjfbgaf/] 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ljz]if cltlyx¿ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L Psb]j clwsf/L, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L o1axfb'/ vqL, k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs bLk]Gb| zfx, hglxt u'7L l;=g=kf % sf cWoIf df]xgs'df/ >]i7, kf/:kl/s ;]jf cg'i7fg, l; g kf $ sf cWoIf OGb| /fhe08f/L, cf]vn9'·f SofDk;sf SofDk; k|d'v gf/fo0faxfb'/ ;}+h'n] klg k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] k|z+;f ub}{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{eof] .

o:t}, ;u/dfyf hgtf pRr dfljsf k|rfo{ ;'dg /fhe08f/L, hfnkf dflj

u}/LufpFdg k|wfgfWofks /Tgaxfb'/ vqL, nflnu'/fF; O+lUn; :s'nsf k|wfgfWofks ;"o{ >]i7, cf]vn9'·f pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf 1fg]Gb| df:s], g]kfn v]ns'b kl/ifb\ cf]vn9'·fsf ;x;lrj ¿k]zz zfSo, ;dfh;]jL cR5L /fhe08f/L, sflGt /fhe08f/L klg ljz]if cltly x'g'GYof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf :s'n SofDk;df lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / :yfgLojf;Lsf] w]/} pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng afns[i0f >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

!* c;f/af6} sl/a %) hgf k|lzIffyL{nfO{ xfdf]{lgod, lu6f/, tanf / dfbnsf] k|lzIf0f ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . @% c;f/;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ oL jfBjfbg;DaGwL tflnd lbOof] . k|lzIfsx¿ :sGw >]i7, ;'jf; ab]{jfnufotn] jfBjfbg k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] xf] . klxnf] r/0fsf] k|lzIf0f ;DkGg u/]sf] k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ oL b'O{ ;+:yfn] lg/Gt/ k|lzIf0f lbg] ePsf 5g\ . ;f]xLcg';f/ k|lzIf0f lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] o'gfO6]8 x\ofG8\; g]kfnsf cWoIf ;Gtf]if >]i7n] atfpg'eof] .

cf]vn9'·fdf jfBjfbg k|lzIf0f

22 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

cf ]vn9 '·f -?Dhf6f/_ . g]kfnL ;ËLtnfO{ k|f/lDes sfndf cufl8 a9fpg uflosf d]njfb]jLsf] pNn]Vo of]ubfg /x]sf] snfsf/x¿n] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg zf:qLo tyf k/Dk/fut ljefun] !( c;f/df cf]vn9'·fsf] l;l4r/0f gu/kflnsf !# l:yt ?Dhf6f/df g]kfnL ;ËLtdf d]njfb]jLsf] of]ubfgaf/]] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf snfsf/n] pxfFsf]

of]ubfgsf] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] xf] . d]njfb]jLn] ufPsf] uLt ahfO{

pb\3f6g ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf al/i7 ;ËLtsf/ a'n' d'sf?ªn] Tolta]nf b/af/leq / aflx/ /x]/ ufog If]qdf d]njfb]jLn] lgs} ;+3if{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg 'eof ] . jl/i7 k |ultjfbL ;dfnf]rs 8Lcf/ kf]v/]n / a'n' d'sf?ªn] d]njfb]jLsf] af/]df sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdf ;|i6f ;Ltf/fd u'?ªn] l6Kk0fL

ub}{ d]njfb]jLsf] af/]df sfo{kqdf w]/} s'/fx¿ ;d]l6Psf] atfpg'eof] . csf{ l6Kk0fLstf{ sflz/fh sf]O/fnfn] sfo{kqsf] k|z+;f ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf d]njfb]jLsf] eb}gL nueu Ps ;o jif{sL /Tgs'df/L u'?Ësf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL, gft]bf/, lzIfs, ljBfyL{nufot w]/} hg;d'bfo ;xefuL lyP .

sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf ;f]

?Dhf6f/df d]njfb]jLaf/] ax;

– d]njfb]jLsf] hGd ldlt lj=;+= !(%^ c;f/ !& ut] lgSof]{n ul/of] eg] d[To' lj=;+= @)!@ nfO{ g} sfod ul/of] .

– /rgf÷;ËLt / ufog -:j/_ u/L uLt /]s8{ eO{ k|sfzgdf cfPsf cfwf/df d]njfb]jLnfO{ g]kfnsf] k|yd dlxnf uLtsf/÷;ËLtsf/ tyf uflosf ePsf] 7x/ ul/of] .

– d]njfb]jLsf] hGd:yfg tTsfnLg cf]vn9'Ëf lhNnf, sfkmnaf]6 ufpF -xfnM l;l4r/0f gu/kflnsf j8f g+=–!#_ ePsf] lgSof]{n ul/of] .

– g]kfnsL k|yd uflosf …7'd/LsL /fgLÚ d]njfb]jLsf cfdf÷a'af ;Ktb]jL u'?ª tyf 1fgaxfb'/ u'?ª -nfld5fg]_ ePsf] 7x/ ul/of] .

!= u0f]z /l;s, ;b:o;lra, g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg .

@= pbo >]i7, k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o, g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg, ;+of]hs, k/Dk/fut tyf zf:qLo ;ËLt ljefu .

#= a'n' d'sf?ª, sfo{kq k|:tf]tf - jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/_$= 8Lcf/ kf]v/]n, sfo{kq k|:tf]tf -jl/i7 ;dfnf]rs_

?Dhf6f/ 3f]if0ffkq

23@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

uf]i7L

k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj u0f]z /l;sn] n's]/ /x]sf k|ltefx¿sf] vf]hL tyf cu|h ;|i6fx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ pxfFx¿sf] ;[hgfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ k|lti7fgsf] p2]Zo xf] eGg'eof] . ;f]xL p2]Zocg'¿k d]njfb]jLsf] hGdynf]df pgLaf/] cGt/lqmof cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .

;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg zf:qLo tyf k/Dk/fut ljefu k|d'v Pj+ k|lti7fg kl/ifb\ ;b:o pbo >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng klg ljefuLo k|d'v k|f1 >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt

k | f =8f =u0f ]z u '?Ën] d ]njfb ]jLn ] ?Dhf6f/nfO{ dfq geP/ cfkm\gf] snf / unfaf6 g]kfnnfO{ g} lrgfPsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

cf]vn9'·f / ?Dhf6f/sf !# j6f ;+:yfåf/f ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xsfo{ /x]sf] lyof] . o;/L ;xsfo{ ug]{ :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿df ;g/fOh O+lUn; :s"n, ko{6g ljsf; ;ldlt cf]vn9'·f, xf]6n Aoj;foL ;+3 cf]vn9'·f, ;fd'bflos lbuf] ljsf; sf]if÷;+:yf ?Dhf6f/, u|fdL0f ljsf;df dlxnf ;xeflutf ?Dhf6f/, u|fdL0f dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb| ?Dhf6f/ /x]sf] lyof] .

o:t}, ?Dhf6f/ art tyf l/0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ?Dhf6f/, ?Dhf6f/

uf]N8]g k|f]u|]l;e Sna ?Dhf6f/, ldngrf]s k|ultzLn Sna ?Dhf6f/, g]jf/ u'7L ?Dhf6f/, td' dlxnf ;+u ?Dhf6f/, cf]vn9'·f ?Dhf6f/ o'gfO6]8 Sna ?Dhf6f/nufotsf] sfo{qmddf ;xsfo{ lyof] .

uf ] i7Ldf :yfgLo a ' l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL, gft]bf/, lzIfs, ljBfyL{nufot ljleGg k]zfsdL { / hg;d'bfosf ] pkl:ylt lyof] . ?Dhf6/df hlGdP/ b]z ljb]zdf cfkm\gf] ;dodf uLt ufP/ hGdynf]nfO{ lrgfpg] sfd d]njfb]jLn] u/]sf] ;xefuLx¿n] atfpg'eof] . uf]i7Ldf ePsf] 5nkmnadf]lhd ;j{;Ddtaf6 …?Dhf6f/ 3f ] i f0ffkqÚ ;d]t hf/L ul/of] .

24 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

8jnL ofqf

wflbª . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] nf]s;ËLt ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf $ c;f/ @)&# df wflbªa];Lsf] k'R5f/ ahf/, Pdfn] rf]sdf 8anL ofqf cfof]hgf ul/of] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] nf]s;ËLt ljefu k|d'v k|f1 kljqf 3tL{ du/n] ;+of]hg ug'{ePsf] 8anL ofqfsf] k|d'v cltly wflbª lhNnf If]q gDa/ @ sf ;f+;b u'?k|;fb a'nf{sf]6L x'g''x'GYof] . ;f+;b a'nf{sf]6Ln] dfbn ahfP/ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ljlzi6 cltlydf wflbª lhNnfs} csf{ ;f+;b wgaxfb'/ 3n] / jl/i7 ufos, ;ËLtsf/ tyf g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 ;ef ;b:o k"0f{ g]kfnL x'g'x'GYof] .

8anL ofqfsf] k|/fDed} :yflgo kfFr jif{sL aflnsf ;+1f zdf{n] lz/}sf] lz/km"n=== uLtdf cfsif{s g[To k|:t't ug'{eof] . cltlyb]lv bz{s;Ddn] pxfFnfO{ lg/Gt/ tfnLn] ;fy lbP .

;f] 8anL ofqfdf ufog, ;ËLt / g[To k|:t't u/]/ snfsf/n] wflbªaf;LnfO{ df]lxt t'NofPsf lyP . u'?k|;fb 3tL{,

kf]if0f/fh 3tL{, zf]ef/fd 3tL{ du/, plb/fd v8\sf / sdn ufpFn]n] afBafbgaf6 sfo{qmdsf] /f}gs a9fpg'ePsf] lyof] .

ufos k|:t'ltsf] qmddf wflbªsf] 8anLdf b ]j jfOjfn ] tfdfª uLt d]Gbf]dfof===ufP/ bz{ssf] dg lhTg'eof] . o:t}, ufos /fh u'?ªn] ufpg'ePsf] ltdLn] af6f] df]8\of} c/]=== / ;fn}hf]===uLt klg TolQs} cfsif{s lyof] . /fhs'df/ algofFn] ;adf ldNg] cfn'===uLt ufpFbf bz{sn] cfn'sf] ljleGg kl/sf/ / :jfb ;lDemP .

o:t}, cf]d kf7sn] ge"nf} x} xfd|f] ;:s[lt=== / v]d/fh /fgfn] ;xof]uLsf] ;fydf sf}8f uLt ufP/ 8anL ofqfnfO[{ ;+uLtdo t'Nofpg'eof] . k|f1 k"0f{ g]kfnLn] ;|f]x jif{ pd]/df===, d]/f] 6f]kL===, slnnf] tfdfnfO{=== h:tf k'/fgf rlr{t uLtx¿ ufP/ bz{snfO{ dGqd'Uw agfpg'eof] .

8anL ofqfsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] afBafbg lyof] . ch'{g df/~hf du/, ;Gtf]if cfn]du/, anaxfb'/ =uf/~hf du/, /fdrGb| /fgf du/, ;'/h /fgf du/, dlgif uf/~hf du/, ldng uf/~hf du/, gjLg uf/~hf du/, pd]z uf/~hf du/, emDsf

uf/~hf du/n] du/afhf k|:t't ug'{eof] . :yfgLo snfsf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] gf}dlt afhf klg sfo{qmdsf] cfsif{s ag]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ljleGg df}lns nf]s ;+:s[ltx¿ emNsg] vfnsf d]Gbf]dfof tfdfª g[To :yfgLo snfsf/x¿ ;f]gd jfOjf tfdfª, sfhLdfg nf]Krg tfdfª, ;"o{ jfOjf tfdfª, ldgf tfdfª, nIdL jfOjf tfdfª, lsl:dtf lxd?ª tfdfªn] k|:t't ug'{eof] .

g[To lgb]{{{zs tyf g[Tosf/ pbL/fd v8\sfn] do'/sf] ¿kwf/0f u/L k|:t't ug'{ePsf] do'/ g[To sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f ag]sf] lyof] . o:tf] g[To cfkm"x¿n] klxnf] k6s b]v]sf] ToxfFsf bz{sx¿sf] egfO lyof] .

u'?ª ;d'bfosf] 3f6' g[To klg 8anLsf] cfsif{s ag]sf] lyof] . 3f6' g[To snfsf/x¿ lji0f's'df/L u'?ª, lg? u'?ª, zflGtdfof u'?ª, zflGtdfof u'?ª, zflGtdfof u'?ª, sNkgf u'?ª, dgdfof u'?ª, hd'gf u'?ª, ;Ltf u'?ª, s[i0fdfof u'?ª, ;'lgtf u'?ª, uLtf u'?ª, sNkgf u'?ª, ;'hftf u'¿ªn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf]

wflbªa];Ldf eJo eof] 8anL ofqf

25@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

8jnL ofqf

lyof] . 8anLdf s'dfn ;d'bfosf snfsf/sf] df?gL g[Tosf] cfkm\g} cfsif{0f lyof] . of] g[To snfsf/x¿ lbn;f s'dfn, sljtf s'dfn, /ljgf s'dfn, /~hgf s'dfn, ldgf s'dfnn] k:sg'ePsf] lyof] .

du/ ;d'bfosf] k|:t'lt sf}8f g[Ton] bz{snfO{ pT;flxt t'NofPsf] lyof] . snfsf/x¿ Ol/;f kf6f du/, ;ª\uLtf cfn]du/, v]d /fgf du/, /f]dL yfkf du/, df]gLsf yfkf du/, zld{nf /fgf du/, cf:yf yfkf du/, cflzif /fgf du/, /d]z /fgf du/, ljj]s cfn] du/, k|jL0f cfn] du/, gflt/fd du/, zflGt yfkf du/, ;Ltf yfkf du/, ;'lgtf yfkf du/ / l/t' yfkf du/n] 3f6' g[To k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

:yfgLo nf]s g[To tyf uLtx¿sf] k|:t'ltn] xhf/f} bz{sx¿nfO{ e/k"/ dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . xfF:o snfsf/ sdn ufpFn]n] pb\3f]if0f;Fu} sfo{qmddf ljlegg k|x;g k|:t't u/]/ bz{sn] lg/Gt/ xF;fpg'eof] . pb\3f]if0f sfo{qmddf cdnf yfkf du/n] snfsf/ ufpFn]nfO{ ;fy lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] :yfgLo Joj:yfkg tyf ;+of]hg cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 lhNnf ;dGjo kl/ifb\ wflbª / g]kfn du/ ;+3 lhNnf ;ldlt wflbªn] ;o'Qm ¿kdf u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] 8anL sfo{qmd lgs} /fd|f] ePsf] atfpFb} o:tf sfo{qmdn] g]kfnL df}lns nf]s;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gdf d2t ug]{ ;f+;b u'?k|;fb a'nf{sf]6Ln] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf snfsf/x¿nfO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0f tyf dfofsf] lrgf] ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj ug'{ePsL o; k|lti7fgsL kl/ifb\ ;b:o kljqf 3tL{du/n] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} o:tf 8anL sfo{qmd d'n'ssf ljleGg :yfgsf k|:t't ul/g] atfpg'eof] . /]l8of] wflbªn] k|ToIf k|;f/0f u/]sf] ;f] 8anL ofqf :yfgLox¿sf] ;xof]un] ;kmn / eJo ePsf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs 3tL{du/n] atfpg'eof] .

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ n] ut @% c;f/ @)&# df rf/ ;|i6fnfO{ …xl/k|;fb sNof0fL l/dfn gf6\o ;ËLt k'/:sf/Ú k|bfg ug'{eof] .

cu|h ufos Pj+ gf6\osdL{ xl/k|;fb l/dfnsf] (!cf}+ hGdf]T;jsf] cj;/df l/dfns} lgjf; gofFafg]Zj/df xl/k|;fb, sNof0fL l/dfn gf6\o ;ËLt k|lti7fgsf tkm{af6 s'nklt ;?eQmn] ;f] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] xf] .

sfo{qmddf pxfFn] …xl/k|;fb, sNof0fL l/dfn gf6\o ;ËLt k'/:sf/–@)&!Ú jl/i7 cleg]qL a;'Gw/f e';fnnfO{ /

;~rf/sdL{ sdn k|wfgnfO{ k|bfg ug{'eof] . o:t} …xl/k|;fb, sNof0fL l/dfn gf6\o ;ËLt k'/:sf/–@)&@Ú jl/i7 cleg]qL z'eb|f clwsf/L / cu|h ;~rf/sdL{ dfOsn rGbnfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf cleg]qLåonfO{ tfd|kq;lxt hgxL @% xhf/ Ps ;o !! ?k}ofF / ;~rf/sdL{åonfO{ tfd|kq;lxt hgxL !! xhf/ Ps ;o !! ?k}ofF k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf s'nklt ;?eQmn] xl/k|;fb sNof0fL l/dfn k|lti7fgn] cfkm\gf]tkm{af6 k|z+;gLo sfd u/]sf] 5 eGb} ;f] ;+:yf;Fu g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgn] ;xsfo{ u/]/ cl3 a9\g] atfpg'eof] .

s'nkltåf/f xl/k|;fb, sNof0fL l/dfn k'/:sf/ k|bfg

26 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

uf]i7L

sf7df8f} + . tfdfª ;d'bfosf snfsf/n] cfkm\gf] nf]kf]Gd'v g[To k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f @% c;f/df /fhwfgLsf] sdnfbLl:yt g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;fgf] xndf cof]lht …tfdfª hfltsf] k/Dk/fut g[Tox¿sf] sfo{zfnfÚ df pxfFx¿n] cfkm\gf g[Tox¿ k|:t't ug'{ePsf] xf] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ ;efkltTjdf ;f] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQmn] nf]kf]Gd'v g[TonfO{ ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug'{ k|lti7fgsf] bfloTj ePsf] atfpFb} oL nf]kf]Gd'v g[To ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . pxfFn] o:tf g[TonfO{ k|lti7fgn] ;+/If0f u/]/ cfpFbf k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ klg atfpg'eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o Pj+ g[To ljefu k|d'v dfwj k|wfgn] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;f+uLlts ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ ;+uLtsf/ ldng df]Qmfgnufot ;f] sfo{qmddf cltly x'g'x'GYof] .

bf]nvf, /fd]5fk / l;Gw'kfnrf]ssf snfsf/n] 8Dkm', 6'ª\gf ahfP/ uLt ufpFb} tfDaf g[To k|:t't ug'{eof] . tfDaf g[Toaf/] tfDaf ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ snfsf/ wfjf jfª\u]n df]Qmfgn] k|sfz kfg'{eof] .

df]Qmfgn] tfDafaf/] eGg' eof], …tfDaf cfkm} +df ;+3 xf] . hLjgb]lv d[To';Ddsf ;+:sf/dWo] tfDaf x/]s ;+:sf/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .Ú nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf] tfDaf g[TonfO{ cfkm"x¿n] ;+/If0f ub}{ cfPsf] df]Qmfgn] atfpg'eof] . of] uLt 8Dkm' ahfP/ gfRg] kmfk/] uLt z}nLsf] x'g] u/]sf] klg pxfFn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

snfsf/x¿ kf;fª df]Qmfg, ;f]d df]Qmfg, kf;fªnfn of]~hg, aL/axfb'/ l3l;ª, s[t wfjf l3l;ª, anaxfb'/ l3l;ª, s'df/L of]~hg, ldªd/ of]~hg, 6]s l3l;ª, o'j/fh of]~hg, tf]kaxfb'/ an / 6]s l3l;ªn] tfDaf g[To / ufog k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o:t}, wflbª / g'jfsf]6sf tfdfª snfsf/n] ;f] If]qsf] dfg]bf]/f / Dx]Gbf]dfof g[To k|:t't ubf{ bz{sn] lg/Gt/ tfnLn] ;fy lbP . snfsf/x¿ /fwf yf]s/, ef/tL tfdfª, ;/:jtL tfdfª, Plngf tfdfª, Hof]tL tfdfª, d~h' tfdfª, ;'lgtf tfdfª, uLtf zfxL, ;'saxfb'/ tfdfª, d'Ggf 3n]jfO{af, ;Gb]z jfO{af, cd[t tfdfª, cflifz tfdfª, bLks tfdfª, lbndfg tfdfª / cldt tfdfªn] oL b'O{ g[To k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|ToIf k|:t't ul/Psf oL b'O{ g[Ton] sfo{qmdsf] dfxf]n /d0fLo t'NofPsf] lyof] . b'O{ g[To k|ToIf x]/]kl5 bz{sx¿n] tL g[Tosf] af/]df cem glhsaf6 a'em\g kfPsf] atfPsf lyP .

d[To' tyf ljjfx ;+:sf/ Pj+ 7"nf] ;df/f]xdf w]/} snfsf/ eP/ cfk;df uf ]naGb eO{ dfg]bf ]/f g[To ul/g] hfgsf/L g[To cGj]ifs x]d jfOjfn] sfo{qmddf u/fpg'eof] . Dx]Gbf]dfof g[To o'jfo 'jtLn] hfqf tyf cGo ;df/f]xdf bf]xf]/L v]Nb} gfRg] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] .

k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o Pj+ g[To ljefu k|d'v dfwj k|wfgn] oL tLg tfdfª g[To ;+/If0fsf nflu b [Zolrq lgdf {0 f; Fu } oL g [ Toaf/ ] k ' :ts;d ]t lgs fNg ] h fgs f/ L u/fpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng qmflGt of]~hgn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

tfdfª hfltsf] nf]kf]Gd'v g[To k|:t't

27@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6\o pT;j

hgsk'/wfd . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf hgsk'/sf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] xndf @) c;f/af6 tLg lbg;Dd …d}lynL gf6\o ;df/f]x–@)&#Ú ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8ogdGqL cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] ut @) c;f/df gf6\o ;df/f]xsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] . dGqL kf]v/]nn] dx]Gb| dnª\luofåf/f lnlvt d}lynL gf6s …cf]s/f cFugfs afx| df;]Ú sf] ;+jfb afrg u/]/ ;df/f]xsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] .

cfkm" eujfg z+s/sf] ufpF bf]nvfaf6 ;Ltfdftfsf] ;x/ hgsk'/df ;f+:s[lts Pstfsf] ;Gb]z lnP/ cfPsf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . /fdhfgsL dlGb/nufot ;+:s[ltn] ;DkGg hgsk'/ ko{6sLo lx;fan] pTs[i6 If]q /x]sf] / o:tf] If]qdf gf6s pT;j ubf{ ;+:s[lt, ko{6g / gf6s h:tf tLgj6} If]qsf] ljsf; x'g] ljZjf; dGqL kf]v/]nn] JoQm ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ n] k|lti7fgn] ljleGg k|b]zdf cfkm\gf sfo{qmd k'¥ofpg] qmddf ldlynf If]qdf gf6s pT;j cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . ;+:s[ltn] wgL Pj+ hfgsLsf] hGde"ld hgsk'/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] d}lynL gf6\o sfo{qmdn] ldlynf gf6ssf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] wf/0ff pxfFn] /fVg'eof] .

;f+;b zq'wg dxtf]n] ldlynfsf] df6f] / kfgLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg of] gf6s pT;jn] k|]l/t ug]{5 eGg'eof] . pxfFn] of] pT;jn] gf6saf/] hgr]tgf a9fpFb} d}lynL ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;df d2t k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf gf6\o ljefu k|d'v k'is/ u'?ªn] gf6s ;dfhsf] lrq0f ePsf] atfpg'eof] . d}lynL gf6s dxf]T;jdf ldlynf If]qsf ljleGg hLjgsf lrq0fx¿ k|:t't x'g] hfgsf/L pxfFn] u/fpg'eof] . cfkm"n] b'O{ bzscl3 Pp6f gf6saf6} b]z ljb]z 3'd]/ g]kfnL gf6snfO{ ljZjJofkL t'NofPsf] :d/0f u/fpg'eof] .

d}lynL gf6\o ;df/f]x–@)&# sf ;+of]hs tyf g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf] /Ëd~r ljefu k|d'v Pj+ kl/ifb\ ;b:o /d]z /~hg emfn] ldlynf gf6\o sfo{qmddf ^ cf]6f d}lynL gf6s d~rg ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . d}lynL gf6ssf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;df/f]xdf g]kfnaf6 rf/ / ef/tsf b'O{j6f d}lynL gf6s d~rg ug{ nfluPsf] klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf jl/i7 gf6\osdL{ dx]Gb| dnª\luof, 8f=/fh]Gb| ladn, ;+:s[ltljb\ cjw]z kf]v/]n, ;flxTosf/ /fde/f]; sfkl8, k/d]Zj/ sfkl8, gf6\osdL{ sfd]Zj/ dlNnsnufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

dGqL kf]v/]nåf/f d}lynL gf6\o ;df/f]x pb\3f6g

28 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6\o pT;j

hgsk'/ . hgsk'/df ut @) c;f/af6 tLg lbg;Dd ePsf] …d}lynL gf6\o ;df/f]x–@)&#Ú sf] klxnf] lbg @) c;f/df pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkl5 gf6s …pwf/ h'QfÚ d~rg ul/of] .

k|f=8f= /fh]Gb| ladnsf] d}lynL syf …pwf/ h'QfÚ nfO{ cjw]z kf]v/]nn] gf6\o ¿kfGt/0f / ldlynf gf6\o kl/ifb\af6 clgnrGb| emf / k/d]z emfn]] lgb]{zg ug' {ePsf] lyof] . gf6sdf ldgfksf snfsf/x¿ lji0f'sfGt ld>, dbg 7fs'/, clgtf/fgL d08n, d's]z emf, lw/h 7fs'/, /fdgf/fo0f 7fs'/ / u+ufsfGt emfsf] clego lyof] . gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ k|f]km];/sf] 3/df ePsf] dfq Ps hf]/ h'Qfn] nufP/ tL k|f]km];/ k9fpg hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . ToxL h'Qf nufP/ pgsf] Pp6f 5f]/f] k|]dL e]6\g / csf]{ 5f]/f] 8fG; k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g / ;fnf] Pp6f sfof{nodf cGtjf{tf{

lbg hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . oL rf/ JolQmn] Tof] Ps hf]/ h'Qf tfgftfg ubf{ h'Qf k"/} RofltG5 .

ToxL lbg 3/df cfPsf] Ps kfx'gnfO{ 3/d} ;Togf/fo0fsf] k"hfdf e'NofP/ tL ;a}n] kfx'gsf] Ps hf]/ h'Qf kfn}kfnf] nufP/

sfd rnfpF5g\ . k|fkm];/sf] hGdlbgdf kl/jf/sf ;a}n] pgnfO{ pwf/f]df Ps÷Ps hf]/ h'Qf NofpF5g\ . pwf/f]df cfkm"nfO{ Tolt w]/} h'Qf NofPsf] hfgsf/L kfP/ k|f]km];/ a]xf]; x'G5g\ . kl5 xf];df cfP/ v';L x'G5g\ .

hgsk'/wfd . ut @) b]lv @) c;f/;Dd g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f hgsk'/sf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] xndf cfof]lht ldlynf gf6s pT;jsf] klxnf] lbg bz{sn] b'O{ d}lynL gf6s x]g]{ cj;/ kfP . @) c;f/sf] bf];|f] ;qdf ef/tsf] laxf/l:yt dw'jgLaf6 gf6s d~rg ul/of] .

ldlynf gf6\o ;+:yfg, dw'jgL, laxf/åf/f pT;jsf] klxnf] lbg gf6s …aHh/ v;f} Pxg hfltk/Ú b]vfOPsf] lyof] . ef/tLo d}lynL ;dfhsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ pT;jdf k|:t't ul/Psf] ;f] gf6ssf lgb]{zs z}n]z emfn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

a}wgfy ld> ofqLn] n]Vg'ePsf] sljtf …ljnfkÚ nfO{ jl/i7

d}lynL gf6\osdL dx]Gb| dnª\luofn] …aHh/ v;f} Pxg hfltk/Ú zLif{sdf gf6\o ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf6sdf ldlynf ;dfhdf ul/g] afnljjfx / To;n] lgDTofPsf ;d:of k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .

gf6ssf] syfcg';f/ afnljjfx u/]sL aflnsfsf] lszf]/L cj:yf gk'Ub} kltsf] d[To' x'G5 . To;kl5 pgnfO{ 3/kl/jf/b]lv ;dfh;Ddn] gs/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] x]5{ . tL lszf]/Lsf] kL8f ;d]l6Psf] of] gf6sdf cflzif s'df/, nalng /fh, ;Gtf]ifnfn bf;, k'gd dlNns, r~rnf s'df/L ;fx'n uf]Ot, kjg s'df/nufotsf] clego lyof] .

pwf/ h'Qfdf h'Qf ;+3if{sf] syf

aHh/ v;f}

Pxg hfltk/df

afnaw'sf] kL8f

29@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

gf6\o pT;j

hgsk'/wfd . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f hgsk'/sf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;efxndf @)&# c;f/ @) b]lv @@ ;Dd cfof]lht d}lynL gf6s pT;jsf] bf];|f] lbg klg bz{ssf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt /x\of] . c;f/sf] udL{nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ dft[efifL gf6sdf hgsk'/sf bz{sx¿ /d] .

@! c;f/df b'O{j6f gf6s d~rg ul/of] . h;dWo] klxnf] ;qdf emf]/fx6 gf6\o ;d"x df]/ªåf/f gf6s …dfys df]nÚ d~rg ul/of] . kf}/fl0fs syf …6fpsf]sf] d"NoÚ nfO{ n]vs cf+z' /rgfn] d}lynLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ePsf] xf] .

gf6sdf ;DalGwt kfqx¿sf] 6fpsf]df l;Gsf] 3';fbf{ ;f] l;Gsf] lg:sg] cGo c+usf] cfwf/df p;sf] a'l4sf] k/LIf0f x'g] / 6fpsfsf] d"No tf]lsg] k|;+u k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]

ljifonfO{ snfsf/x¿n] /f]rs / ;zQm ¿kdf d~rdf ptf/]sf lyP .

gf6ssf] lgb]{zg e/t u'/fufO{+n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfkm" u}/d}lynLefifL eP klg e/tn] ldlynf efiffsf] gf6snfO{

/fd|f];Fu d~rdf ptfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . gf6sdf /fdk|;fb Gof}kfg], ;'bLk sfsL{, ljj]s s0f{, 5q sfkm\n], dlgiff a/fn, cg' >]i7nufotsf] clego lyof] .

hgsk'/wfd . hgsk'/sf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;efxndf @)&# c;f/ @) b]lv @@ ;Dd cfof]lht d}lynL gf6s pT;jsf] bf];|f] lbgsf] bf];|f] ;qdf gf6s …bf;L hLjgÚ d~rg ul/of] . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f cfof]lht dxf]T;jdf @! c;f/ ck/fGx dl~rt gf6s …bf;L hLjgÚ sf] lgb]{zg /fd]Zj/ zfxn] ug'{ePsf] xf] .

gf6snfO{ hgsk'/s} k|ltlaDa gf6\o ;d"xn] d~rg u/]sf] lyof] . cGo gf6s h:t} of] gf6sdf klg bz{ssf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt /x\of] . gf6sdf ul/aLsf sf/0f ef]Ug'kg]{ ljleGg ;d:of bzf{OPsf] lyof] . cfly{s ¿kdf ul/a dflg; ;dfhsf] gh/df x/]s s'/fdf ul/a b]lvg] k|;+unfO{ gf6sdf b]vfOPsf] luof] . gf6s hlt ;+j]bgzLn lyof], TolQs} xfF:ok|wfg klg lyof] . ;f]xL sf/0f klg of] gf6saf6 bz{sn] e/k"/ dgf]/~hg lnP . gf6s …bf;L hLjgÚ df k|ltljDa gf6\o ;d"xsf snfsf/x¿ cljgfz emf, Zofd k|]dL, cldt ;fx, cDa/ s0f{, cfo'if s0f{nufotsf] clego lyof] .

…dfys df]nÚ df a'l4sf] k/LIf0f

bf;L hLjg df ul/aLsf] kL8f

30 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

gf6\o pT;j

hgsk'/wfd . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgn] hgsk'/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] ldlynf gf6s pT;jsf] t];|f] lbg @@ c;f/df b'O{j6f gf6s d~rg eof] . h;dWo] klxnf] ;qdf dx]Gb| dnª\luof lnlvt gf6s …sf7s nf]sÚ d~rg ul/of] .

of ] gf6snfO{ ef/t, laxf/sf ] nlntgf/fo0f ldlynf ljZjljBfnosf] gf6\o tyf ;ËLt ljefun] k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . gf6sdf k|zfGt s'df/, ;'l:dtfs'df/L emf, 8f=dlgGbs'df/ emf, ljhos'df/ ;fx, df]xgd'/f/L emf, /f]zgs'df/ emf, g}glk|of,

x]d]Gb| nfe, /lj v08]jfnnufotsf] clego lyof] .

gf6ssf] syfdf ldlynf~rnsf] nf]s;+:s[ltnfO{ p7fOPsf] lyof] . gf6sdf ldlynf~rnsf] Ps ufpFdf Pshgf hldgbf/sf] ;fdGtL k|yfsf sf/0f ufpFn]n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] kL8f o;df ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . gf6sdf Pshgf kfq s7/L afaf x'G5g\ . hldgbf/sf] zf]if0f / ;fdGtLlj?4 pgL PSn} sf7 h:tf] alnof] eP/ n8\5g\ / Tof] zf]if0faf6 ufpFn]nfO{ d'lQm lbnfP/} 5f8\5g\ . gf6sdf hldgbf/sf] s"6gLlts / cfk/flws k|j[lQsf] lr/kmf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

of] gf6ssf] lgb]{zg ;fu/ l;+xn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sf7s nf]sdf /x]sf] s]xL k|x;gsf sf/0f bz{s of] gf6sdf v'n]/ xfF;]sf lyP .

hgsk'/wfd . ldlynf gf6s pT;jsf] t];|f] lbg @@ c;f/ @)&# sf] bf];|f] ;qdf gf6s ;vL d~rg ul/of] . ;f] gf6s pT;jsf] ;+of]hs tyf o; k|lti7fgsf k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o /d]z/~hg emfn] gf6s n]Vg'ePsf] xf] . l3ld/] o'j/fhåf/f lgb]{lzt of] gf6snfO{ nf]s ;~rf/ gf6\o ;d"x, sf7df8f}n] k|:t't u/]sf] xf] . h;df @)%# b]lv @)^# ;fn;Dd Ps bzs rn]sf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] k|efj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .

gf6sdf k|df]b cu|xl/, dfwjL s0f{, ;+uLtf p/fp, lgn]z emf, lk|oª\sf emf, :dfl/s km'ofFn, ljj]s ltjf/L, ;~h' k/fh'nL, ;'/]z lh;L, ;'/h kf08], /d]z blxt, b]j]g sfsL{, gl;{; lnDa", 3gZofd n'OF6]n, ;ª\uLtf kf]v/]n, ems]Gb| lj;L, ;GbLk yklnofsf] clego lyof] .

gf6ssf ] syfcg';f/ Pshgf ls;fgnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lx/f;tdf /fV5 . ToxL kl/jf/sf Ps dfq lszf]/fj:yfsf] 5f]/fnfO{ ;]gf;Fu abnf lng] cf8df dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/n]

o'4df ;xefuL u/fpg n}hfg vf]H5g\ . t/ tL lszf]/sf] Ps dlxnf ;fyLn] dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] lk|o afv|f] lbP/ o'4df n}hfgaf6 hf]ufpFl5g\ . gf6ssf] cGTodf klg tL ls;fgnfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/;Fu e]6\g glbO{ lx/f;tdf c1ft ¿kdf /flvG5 .

gf6s ;vLsf] d~rg;Fu} @@ c;f/af6

d}lynL gf6\o ;df/f]x ;dfkg eof] . ;dfkg ;df/f]xdf gf6sdf ;xefuL snfsf/nfO{ cfof]hs ;+:yf g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f kl/ifb\ ;b:o Pj+ ;f] gf6\o ;df/f]xsf ;+of]hs /d]z /~hg emfnufotn] k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

…sf7s nf]sÚ df zf]if0flj?4sf] ;+3if{

…;vLÚ df b; jifL{o hgo'4sf] lrq0f

31@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

>4f ;'dg

tfKn]h'ª . tfKn]h'ª gu/kflnsf:t/Lo dfWolds tyf pRrdfWolds ljBfno:t/Lo Psn g[To k|ltof]lutf @! h]7 @)&# df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg, g[To ljefuåf/f cfof]lht ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf tfKn]h'ª gu/kflnsfleqsf !! j6f ljBfnosf !! hgf 5fq5fqf ;xefuL lyP .

k|lti7fgsf g[To ljefu k|d'v Pj+ k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:o dfwj k|wfgsf] ;+of]hg tyf cfltYodf ;DkGg k|ltof]lutfdf tfKn]h'ª lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf n]vf clws[t /fdrGb| g]kfnsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

k|ltof]lutfdf lnl6n a'4 O+lUn; :s'nsL ;GWof >]i7 k|yd x'g' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] k'/:sf/:j¿k 6«kmL, k|df0fkq / !) xhf/ ?k}ofF kfpg' eof] . o:t}, k|ltof]lutfdf >L efg' hgpRrdfljsL bLkf ;'gfdn] låtLo :yfg xfl;n ub}{ 6«kmL, k|df0fkq / ;ft xhf/ ?k}ofF k|fKt ug'{eof] eg] cS;kmf]8{ df]8n O+lUn; :s'nsf k|j]z vltj8fn] t];|f] :yfg xfl;n ub}{ 6«kmL, k|df0fkq / kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF kfpg'eof] .

k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL afFsL cf7 k|ltof]uLn] hgxL tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF / k|df0fkq;lxt ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . o;/L ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug'{x'g]df l;4sfnL pdfljsL s~rg lnDa", s~rghª\3f pdfljsf laKnj ktª\jf, jL/]Gb| pdfljsL ;l/tf s'dfn, afn ;'af]lwgL ;+:s[t pdfljsL d~h' oS;f], o'jjif{ dfljsL ;[hgf af]lvd, hgHof]lt cfjf;Lo dfljsL a]aL lnDa", s~rg Ps]8]dLsL cfs[lt lnªb]g, d]rL ;]G6d]l/h O+lUn; :s'nsL Pln;f tfKdfb]g x'g'x'GYof] .

k|ltof]lutfsf] lg0ff{osx¿df o; k|lti7fgsf k|f1 ;ef ;b:o sf]dn lg/f}nf, g[To lgb]{zs /f]zg sdf{rfo{ x'g'x'GYof] . k'/:s[t ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no tfKn]h'ªsf n]vf clws[t /fdrGb| g]kfn, sfo{qmd ;+of]hs dfwj k|wfg / lg0ff{osåon] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf k|lti7fgsf kl/ifb\\ ;b:o dfwj k|wfgn] b'u{d If]qleq /x]sf ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ g[Tosf] ;}4flGts 1fg;lxt Jofjxfl/s 1fg klg l;sfpg k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . lhNnfel/sf g[To snfsf/nfO{ k|ltof]lutfdf pkl:yt u/fpg k|f/De ul/Psf] gu/kflnsf:t/Lo g[To k|ltof]lutfn] u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfyL{x¿df g[Tok|lt k|]/0ff hufPsf] wf/0ff pxfFn] /fVg'eof] .

o:t}, lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf n]vf k|d'v /fdrGb| g]kfnn] g]kfnL ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ kfpFbf lhNnfel/sf ljBfno lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 eGg'eof] . cab]lv lhNnf:t/Lo g[To k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug{nfO{ cfwf/ to x'Fb} uPsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] k|lti7fgk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ug'{eof] .

tfKn]h'ªsf] dflj:t/Lo

g[To k|ltof]lutfdf ;GWof k|yd

32 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

sf7df8f}+ . /fhwfgLsf] hdnl:yt gfr3/sf] ;fgf] k|]Iofnodf ut c;f/ #) bz{sn] g]kfnL nf]suLtx¿ ;'g]/ cgGb lnP . sl/a b'O{ 3G6f ;f] sfo{qmd nf]s ;+uLtdo aGof] . ToxfF ;xefuL nf]s ;|i6fx¿åf/f sfo{qmddf k"jL{b]lv klZrd g]kfn;Ddsf ljleGg nf]sefsf ;'gfOPsf] lyof] .

o; g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgn] ;f+:s[lt ;+:yfg -/fli6«o gfr3/_ sf] ;xof]udf cfof]hgf u/]sf] …nf]s ;';]nL sfo{qmd –@)&#Ú df snfsf/åf/f nf]sefsf k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] .

g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgn] cWoIftfdf ;'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] cu|h ;+:s[ltljb\ df]bgfy k|l>tn] dfbn ahfP/ pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . o;kl5 ;DalGwt snfsf/af6 nf]s ;';]nL ;'gfpg] qmd ;'? eof] .

…slxn] ltg{ ;sf}+nf / u'0fof] ;+;f/df eujfg g} 5g eg]

hGd lbg] d]/L cfdf x'g\===Ú nf]suflosf sl/Zdf 3tL{du/n]

dWoklZrd If]qsf] of] nf]sefsfaf6 ufog sfo{qmd ;'? ug'{ePsf] xf] . pxfFn] of] uLt ufpFbf cfkm\gL cfdfnfO{ g;Demg] bz{s ToxfF la/n} lyP . pxfFsf] ;f] uLtn] bz{snfO{ efj's agfof] .

o;kl5 nf]sufos uDeL/ /fgfdu/ d~rdf plqg'eof ] . pxf Fn] rnlrq

dfOtL3/sf] rlr{t 6Kkf efsfsf] snf s't} {n] ^ dlxg] hflu/ vfof F sfnf s't}{n]===uLt ufpg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ bz{sn] uLt cjlwel/ g} tfnLn] ;fy lbP . o;kl5 nf]s snfsf/åo uLtf ;]Gr'/L / /l~ht kl/of/ d~rdf pqg'eof] .

…of] bfh'sf] ldld{/] cfFvfs:tf] d]/f] lauf¥of] lbdfug/f]p dfof===Ú

s'g} ;dosf] of] rlr{t efsfnfO{ snfsf/åo uLtf ;]Gr'/L / /l~ht kl/of/n] nf]s ;';]nL sfo{qmddf dfw'o{ :j/df k|:t't u/]/ bz{ssf] dg lhTg'eof] .

o;kl5 sfo{qmd pqg' ePsf snfsf/ ld/f yfkf / uDeL/ /fgfdu/n] klg sf}8f efsf k|:t't ug'{eof] . oL b'O{ snfsf/n] sf}8f efsfsf] lrlggF d}n]===uLt ufpg'ePsf] lyof] . uflosf l/t' yfkfn] sfo{qmddf cfk\mgf] uLt km"Nof] lgdkQf====ufP/ bz{ssf] dg lhTg'eof] .

o;kl5 d~rdf k'gM pqg' ePsf /l~ht kl/of/, uLtf / ld/fn] ;fn}hf] efsf Tof] /fgL agsf]===ufP/ sfo{qmdnfO{ nf]suLtdo t'NofP .

ufos bfdf]b/ e08f/Ln] k|:t't u/]sf] nf]sf efsf 9'+u]wf/fdf===nfO{ bz{sn] lg/Gt/ tfnLn] ;fy lbP . o;kl5 /l~ht kl/of/ / ld/f yfkfn]n] ;f]/7L ;'gfpg'eof] . pxfFx¿n] a];L uf]7}df===af]nsf] ;f]/7L efsf ;'gfP/ sfo{qmdsf] /f}gstf a9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

o;kl5 sfo{qmddf ;ljgf s'Fj/ k|:t't x'g'eof] . pxfFn] nf]suLt =…kfOg va/, 3/ kmsL{ cfpg' x} d]/f] xh'/===Ú, ufpg'eof] . ;'lgtf / /l~htn] nuQ} csf]{

gfr3/df u'l~hof]

nf]s ;';]nL

nf]s ;·Lt

33@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/ k|fl1s ;+;f/

nf]suLt /fDbL k'n===;'gfpFbf bz{sn] tfnLn] lg/Gt/ ;fy lbP .

Ps ;dosf] lgs} rlr{t k"j] {nL nf]sefsf w/fg wgs'6f=== snsf/x¿ ld/f, uLt, /l~ht / uDeL/nn] ;+o'Qm :j/df ;'gfpg' eof] . of] uLtn] bz{snfO{ k"j]{nL nf]suLt ;+uLtsf] :jfb lbnfof] .

o:t} ;f] nf]s ;';]nL sfo{qmddf k|ToIf afbafbgsf ;fy uLtf / /l~htn] em\ofp/] efsf tyf ld/f uf]vf{nLn] nf]sefsf ;'gfP/ sfo{qmdsf] /f}gstf a9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt Pj+ cu|h ;+uLtsf/ zDe'hLt af;sf]6fn] g]kfnsf] kl/ro g}

oxfFsf] nf]s ;+uLt xf] eGg'eof] . pks'nklt af;sf]6fn] nf]suLt ;+uLtsf] hu]gf{ u/]/ dfq g]kfnL nf]s;+:s[lt hf]ufpg ;lsg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . k|lti7fgn] nf]s;+uLt ;+/If0fsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] hfgsf/L klg pks'nklt af;sf]6fn] atfpg'eof] . cu|h ;+:s[ltljb\ df]bgfy k|l>tn] Ps} ynf]df a;]/ g]kfnsf bh{geGbf a9L nf]s;+uLt ;'Gg kfpFbf cfgGb cfPsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . pxfFn] g]kfnL nf]s;+uLtsf] dxTjaf/] sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

o:t}, sfo{qmdsL ;+of]hs Pj+ g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsL kl/ifb\ ;b:o tyf nf]s;+uLt ljefu k|d'v kljqf

3tL{du/n] ;a}nfO{ :jfut ug'{eof] . pxfFn] xfd|f k'/fgf nf]suLt ;+uLtnfO{ hu]gf{ ub}{ To;nfO{ gofF k':tfdf ;dk{0fsf] nflu nf]s ;';]nL sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] csf]{ cfof]hs ;+:yf ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfg -/fli6«o gfr3/_ sf k|aGw lgb]{zs /fh]z yfkfn] g]kfn nf]s;+:s[ltn] wgL d'n's ePsf] atfpg'eof] . To;sf] hu]gf{ ug'{ ;+:yfgsf] bfloTj ePsfn] o:tf] sfo{qmd ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L yfkfn] lbg'eof] . o:tf sfo{qmddf ;+:yfgn] cfpFbf lbgdf klg ;xsfo{ ug]{ k|lta4tf pxfFn] hgfpg'eof] .

nf]s ;·Lt

kf]v/f . @)# cf}+ efg' hoGtLsf] cj;/df g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt Pj+ efg' jfª\do k|lti7fg kf]v/fsf cWoIf eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_ n] km"naf/L–!! efg'kfs{ kf]v/fdf k"0f{sbsf] cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{sf] ;flns cgfj/0f ug'{eof] .

@( c;f/ @)&# df ;flns cgfj/0f ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ s'nklt ;?eQmn] ko{6sLo gu/L kf]v/fdf cflbslj efg'eQmsf] :d/0fdf efg'kfs{;lxt efg' k|ltdf:yn lgdf{0f ePkl5 b]zsf] ;flxlTos ko{6sLo :ynsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 eGg'eof] . pxfFn] k|ltdf cgfj/0fkl5 ;f] 7fpF ljBfyL{ / b]z ljb]zdf /x]sf ;flxTo k|]dLx¿sf nflu k|]/0ffsf] s]Gb| aGg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] .

;flns cgfj/0f ;df/f ]xdf cltlysf ¿kdf klZrdf~rn If]qLo k|zf;s z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt clwsf/L;lxt ;flxTok|]dL tyf gu/jf;Lsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . 9nf}6af6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] k"0f{sbsf] ;flns lgdf{0f efg' jfª\do k|lti7fg kf]v/fn] u/]sf] xf] .

@( c;f/ laxfg efg' hoGtL dgfpg] qmddf kf]v/fsf] lrKn]9'Ëf glhs u0ftGq rf]saf6 km"naf/Ll:yt efg'kfs{;Dd g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, ;flxTo k|]dL tyf ljBfyL{x¿n] efg'sf] tl:a/;lxtsf] zf]efofqf lgsfn]sf lyP .

s'nkltåf/f efg'sf] ;flns

cgfj/0f

34 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks s'nklt, jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/ Pj+ /fi6«ufgsf ;ËLtsf/ cDa/ u'?ªnfO{ xfdLn] of] jif{ u'dfof}+ . ca pxfF cfkm\gf ;[hgfaf6 s]jn xfd|f] ;Demgfdf dfq x'g'x'G5 .

dw'd]x, kfls{G;G; h:tf /f]uaf6 Ps bzsb]lv kLl8t u'?ªsf] pkrf/s} qmddf @)&# h]7 @% ut] d+unaf/ laxfg @M#) ah] sf7df8f}+sf] wfkf;Ll:yt u|fG8L c:ktfndf lgwg eof] . lgwgsf] qmddf o; k|lti7fgsf

s'nklt eQm >]i7 -;?eQm_, pks'nklt zDe'hLt af;sf]6f, ;b:o ;lrj u0f]z /l;snufot k|lti7fg kl/jf/ c:ktfnd} x'g'x'GYof] .

lgwgkl5 o; k|lti7fg kl/jf/sf] kxndf ;f]xL lbg laxfg !! ah]af6 pxfFsf] kfly{j z/L/nfO{ >4f~hnLsf nflu sf7df8f}+sf] sdnfbLl:yt g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] 8anLdf /flvPsf] lyof] . ;f] 8anLdf k'u]/ pxfFsf] kfly{j z/L/df pk/fi6«klt gGbaxfb'/ k'g, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf

;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]n, Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿ dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, emngfy vgfn, pkk|wfgdGqLåo eLd /fjn, lrqaxfb'/ s];L, dGqLx¿ zfGtf dfgjL, zlQm a:g]t, clUg v/]n, cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] km"ndfnf r9fpFb} >4f~hnL JoQm ug'{eof] .

g ]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt ;?eQm, pks'nklt af;sf]6f, ;b:o;lrj /l;s, k|f1 kl/ifb\ ;b:ox¿, k|f1 ;ef ;b:ox¿, g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg / g]kfn nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt, pks'nklt, ;b:o ;lrj Pj+ k|f1x¿n] pxfFsf] kfly{j z/L/df km"ndfnf r9fP/ >4f~hnL JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o:t}, ljleGg bnsf g]tfx¿, k|wfg;]gfklt /fh]Gb| If]qL, k|x/L dxflg/LIfs pk]Gb|sfGt cof{n, g]kfnL rlnrq If]qsf, g]kfnL ;+uLt If]qsf cu|hb]lv gofF k':tf;Ddsf snfsf/, ljleGg k];f;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmTjb]lv ;j{;fwf/0fnufotn] pxf Fk | lt clGtd >4f~hnL ck {0f ug'{eof] .

o; k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfkgdf jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/ cDa/ u'?ªsf] ;f]xL lbg lbpF;f] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgaf6 zjofqf ePsf] lyof] . ;8sk]6Ldf a;]/ ;x/af;Ln] pxfFnfO{ >4f~hnL lbP . ;f]xL lbg ck/fGx kz'klt cfo{3f6df /fli6«o ;Ddfgsf pxfFsf] clGtd ;+:sf/ ul/of] . ;]gfaf6 dfgfy{ ;]gfgLsf] pkflw kfpg'ePsf u'?ªnfO{ ;]gfsf tkm{af6 klg ljz]if ;Ddfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . lxGb' / af}4 /Lltcg';f/ pxfFsf] cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] lyof] .

cGTo]li6cl3 u'?ªnfO{ pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL eLd /fjnn] g]kfnsf] em08f cf]9fP/ /fli6«o ;Ddfg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . u'?ªsf tLg 5f]/f, Ps 5f]/L / >LdtL x'g'x'G5 .

!(($ kmfu'g !$ df ef/t bflh{lnªsf] nfnleQLdf pxfFsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . a'af ph'/Ll;+x u'?ª g]kfnsf] uf]/vfaf6 ef/tLo ;]gfdf hflu/] ePkl5 pQ} a:b} cfpg'ePsf] lyP . a'af plh/ / cfdf /]0f'sfb]jLsf] k|]/0ffn] cDa/ u'?ª ;ËLtdf nfUg'ePsf] lyof] .

;g\ !(^! df cudl;+x lu/Lsf] /rgfdf gf}nfv tf/f pbfP====uLt ufP/ tyf /]s8{ u/fP/ cDa/ u'?ªn] ;ËLt ofqfsf] cf}krfl/s yfngL ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of] uLt Tolta]nf lgs} rn]sf] lyof] . klxnf] uLtaf6} rrf{ sdfPkl5 pxfFn] ufognfO{ lg/Gt/tf

;Demgfdf

cDa/ u'?ª

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lbg'eof] . pxfFsf] ufogaf6 k|efljt eP/ tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n] cDa/ u'?ªnfO{ snfsf/sf] ¿kdf g]kfn Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 pxfFn] k"/f hLjg g]kfnd} /x]/ ;ËLt If]qdf lg/Gt/ of]ubfg lbP/ xfdLaf6 ;bfsf nflu 6f9f x'g'eof] .

nf]s em\ofp/] z}nLdf cl3 a9]sf] g]kfnL ;+uLt If]qnfO{ kfZrfTo afhfx¿sf] k|of]u;lxt cfw'lgs o'udf k|j]z u/fpgdf jl/i7 ;ËLtsf/ cDa/ u'?ªsf] klg dxTjk"0f b]g lyof] .

b'O{ ;oeGbf a9L g]kfnL uLtsf :j/ lbg'ePsf ;ËLtsf/ u'?ªn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsfndf ( ;o (^ cf]6f uLtdf ;ËLt ;[hgf ug'{eof] . pxfFn] @% jif{;Dd g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf /x]/ ;ËLt lgb]{zssf] ¿kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'eof] . cDa/ u'?ª g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks s'nklt x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] g} /fi6«ufg ;o y'Fuf km"nsf xfdL===df ;+uLt ;[hgf ug'{ePsf] xf] .

gf6s, Aofn], rnlrqdf ;d]t ;+uLt lbg'ePsf u'?ªn] dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] d'gfdbg, s'~hgL h:tf v08sfJo, /fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf] dfntL dª\un];lxt ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] rf/j6f gf6s ha 3fd nU5, kms]{/ x]bf{, c/lgsf] / ;kgfaf6 Ao''Fembfdf ;ËLt lbg'ePsf] lyP . sfnhfoL ;|i6f cDa/ u'?ªsf] ;Dxfn]/ /fv, slxn] /x/ slxn] t/=u, cDa/ ;ËLt ;GWof h:tf ljleGg

uLlt;+u|x ;|f]tfdfem cfO;s]sf 5g\ . sxfF uP tL lbgx¿nufot rf/j6f pxfFsf k':tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ .

d cDa/ x'F===, :jlKgn cfFvfel/===, kf]lvP/ 3fdsf] em'Nsf===, kf]xf]/ ;fn v';L kmf6\of]===, slxn] cfkm\gf] e'd/Ldf===, d]/f] of] uLtdf===, /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{===, cfP ;a} ofb===, of] lhGbuLsf] s] s'/f===, h;} ;fFem k¥of]===h:tf ;of}+ rlr{t uLtx¿df pxfFn] :j/, ;ËLt lbg'ePsf] lyof] . k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks s'nklt cDa/ u'?ªnfO{ u'dfpg'kbf{ g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgnfO{ cfkm\gf] cleefjs u'dfPsf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL ;+uLt If]qnfO{ 7"nf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf ;+:yfks s'nklt cDa/ u'?ªk|lt o; g]kfn ;ËLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg kl/jf/ xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ub{5 .

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36 k|fl1s ;+;f/ @)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

k|fl1s ;+;f/@)&# j}zfv÷c;f/

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AcademiaMusic-Drama Bulletin

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xflb{s >4f~hnL

g]kfn ;ËLt gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|yd s'nklt Pj+

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rL/zflGtsf] sfdgf;lxt zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf ;dj]bgf

k|s6 ub}{ pxfFk|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL k|s6 ub}{5f}+ .