KJIy-qHI13EOPOBI1:

BJIa~a; KaOHHeT; MHHHCTpH; npeTCe~aTeJI Ha BJIa~a;

nOJIHTHqKHXOMOreHae~HOnapTHCKaBJIa~a;KOaJI~HOHaBJIa~a;KO~eHTpaQHOHaBJIa~a;eKCnepTCKaBJIa~a;qHHOBHHqKaBJIa~a;BJIa~a Ha "HapO~HO e~HHCTBO" (,,~eMOKpaTCKO e~HHCTBO");H3BpIlIYBaH>e Ha 3aKOHH; MaH~aT 3a COCTaB Ha BJIa~a; npaIlIaH>e

3a ~OBepOa Ha BJIa~aTa.

1. DOHM H BHAOBH BJIaAH

BJIa~aTa e opraH Ha H3BpllIHaTa BJIaCT coCTaBeH o~ MHHHCTpH -

CTapellIHHH Ha O~~eJIHH ynpaBHH pecopH (MHHHCTepCTBa) H o~ ~pyrHJIH~a, KOH no onpe~eJIeHa YCTaBHa noCTanKa H co HCnOJIHYBaH>e Ha YC-TaBHHTe YCJIOBH, CTaHYBaaT Hej3HHH qJIeHOBH. HaBHCTHHa, DBa e e~Ha -

Ha HeKoj HaqHH -onllITa H Henpe~H3Ha ~e<pHHH~Hja 3a aHa lIITO npeTCTa-BYBa BJIa~aTa, HO Toa e H~Ha nOCJIe~H~a Ha npHpo~aTa H Ha CYllITHHaTa

Ha DBa TeJIO BO pa3JIHqHH 3eMjH. 3a Hej3HHo nonpe~H3HO onpe~eJIYBaH>e,Tpe6a ~a ce 3eMaT npe~BH~ HeKOH eJIeMeHTH, KaKO lIITO ce: CMHCJIaTa H

~eJITa Ha Hej3HHoTo nOCTOeH>e, Hej3HHHoT COCTaB H Hej3HHHTe Ha~-

JIe)KHOCTH.BJIa~aTa, KaKO opraH, ja O)KHBOTBopYBa H~ejaTa 3a e~HHCTBO Ha

~p)KaBHaTa ynpaBa, HO pacnpaBa H 3a npallIaH>a O~ onllITaTa nOJIHTHKa Hja o~pe~YBa onllITaTa HaCOKa Ha ~p)KaBHaTa nOJIHTHKa. Y JIOraTa Ha BJIa-

~aTa (Ka6HHeTOT) co TeKOT Ha BpeMeTO ce MeHYBaJIa, na TaKa OHOj opraHKoj HaCTaHaJI KaKO COBeTo~aBHO TeJIO Ha KpaJIOT, ~eHec HMa ~eHTpaJIHOMeCTO H BO~eqKa YJIora BO KpeHpaH>eTO H BO BO~eH>eTO Ha nOJIHTHKaTa.

BJIa~aTa, KaKO opraH, ce cpeKaBa H no~ ~PyrJl Ha3HBH, KaKO MHH-HCTepCKH COBeT H ~p)KaBeH COBeT, a BO HeKOH 3eMjH ce npaBH pa3JIHKaMety B.ila9aala -KaKO nOllIHpOKO TeJIO, H Ka6uHealoal -KaKO nOTeCHO

TeJIO. I1CTO TaKa, BO HeKOH 3eMjH nOCTOH pa3JIHKa Mery MHHHCTepCKHCOBeT (Kora npeTce~aBa lIIe<pOT Ha ~p)KaBaTa) H COBeT Ha Ka6HHeTOT

(Kora npeTce~aBa npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha MHHHCTepCKHOT COBeT).Kaj Hac He nOCTOH pa3JIHKa Mety B.ila9a U Ka6uHeal. ~BaTa TepMHHa

ce KopHCTaT 3a 03HaqYBaH>e Ha OHOj nOHM lIITO BO BeJIHKa EpHTaHHja ceHapeKYBa Ka6uHeal. Bo Toa 3HaQeH>e, BO HaTaMOllIHHOT TeKCT Ke ro yno-

Tpe6YBaMe TepMHHOT B.ila9a (KaKO CHHOHHM Ha Ka6UHeal).

BJIa~aTa e COCTaBeHa o~ MHHHCTpH (~p)KaBHH ceKpeTapH, ceKpe-TapH) KOH ce Ha qeJIO Ha o~pe~eHo MHHHcTepcTBo (ynpaBeH opraH) HJIH

ce 6e3 pecop, a Ha qeJIO Ha BJIa~aTa ce Haora npeMHep (npB MHHHCTep,npeTCe~aTeJI Ha BJIa~a). 36opOT MHHHCTep nOTeKHYBa O~ JIaTHHCKHOT

36op minister, lIITO 3HaqH CJIyra.Bo 3aBHCHOCT O~ (He )napTHCKaTa npHna~HOCT Ha MHHHCTpHTe, ce

pa3JIHKYBaaT HeKOJIKY BU90BU B.ila9u:1. nOJIHTH"lKH XOMoreHa eAHonapTHcKa BJIaAa;2. KOaJIH"HOHa BJIaAa -CO3~a~eHa co KOaJIH~Hja Ha nOJIHTHqKHTe

napTHH KOH HMaaT MHO3HHCTBO BO napJIaMeHTOT;3. KoH..eHTpa"HoHa BJIaAa -COCTaBeHa o~ npeTcTaBHH~H Ha CHTe

napTHH BO napJIaMeHTOT (HajqeCTO ce <popMHpa BO BoHpe~HHcHTya~HH, 3apa~H O~JIyqYBaH>e co nOJIHTHqKH KoHceH3Yc);

4. "lHHOBHH"lKa BJIaAa -COCTaBeHa o~ qHHOBHH~H KOH 3a3eMaaT Ha-jBHcOKH MeCTa BO xHepapxHjaTa Ha ~p)KaBHaTa ynpaBa, a KOHnopa~H TaKBaTa noJIo)K6a He MO)KaT ~a 6H~aT qJIeHOBH Ha no-

102

nHTHqKH napTHH (ce ~OpMHpa BO ycnoBH Ha napnaMeHTapHHKPH3H, KOra HHTY e~Ha nOnHTHqKa napTHja HeMa MHO3HHCTBO BOnapnaMeHTOT, O~HOCHO Kora He MO)Ke ~a ce clJopMHpa napTHcKaBna~a, a KoanH~HHTe ce pacnataaT);

5. eKcnepTCKa BJla~a -COCTaBeHa o~ CTpyqHH H KOMneTeHTHH, a HeO~ nOnHTHqKH qneHOBH (o~ qHHOBHHqKaTa Bna~a ce pa3nHKYBacaMO no Toa lliTO HacTaHYBa KaKO nocne~HD;a Ha CBeCHOTO Hac-TojYBafue Ha napnaMeHTapHOTO MHO3HHCTBO BO Bna~aTa ~a ceH36epaT HajKoMneTeHTHHTe nHD;a, a He KaKO nocne~HD;a Ha nap-naMeHTapHa KpH3a, H 3a Hea e KapaKTepHCTHqHO Toa lliTO HMa

~eMOKpaTCKH nerHTHMHTeT);6. BJla~a Ha "Hapo~Ho e~HHcTBO", ,,~eMoKpaTcKo e~HHcTBO", "rpa-

raHcKo e~HHcTBO" -ce clJopMHpa o~ HajKoMneTeHTHH nHqHOCTH

BO 3eMjaTa, KOH ce nOnHTHqKH HeYTpanHH, 3apa~H H3BneKYBafueHa 3eMjaTa o~ KpH3a.

Bo HopManHH ycnoBH, Ha napnaMeHTapHHTe H Ha MelliOBHTHTe CHC-TeMH HM e cBojcTBeHa nOJlHTH"lKa BJlMa, H Toa XOMoreHa HnH Koa~nHD;HOHa. "HeYTpanHHTe Bna~H" npeTcTaBYBaaT HcKnyqOK KOH KOj ce

npHcTanYBa BO onpe~eneHH cHTyaD;HH.Haj6HTeH ~aKTop 3a oncTojYBafueTo Ha e~Ha Bna~a e Taa 3a~ ce6e

~a ro HMa MHO3HHCTBOTO BO napnaMeHToT, 6H~ejKH napnaMeHToT e OHOjKOj ja H36Hpa HnH ja O~o6pYBa Bna~aTa H npe~ Koro Taa e o~roBopHa, o~-HOCHO TOj "pacnonara co Hej3HHHoT )KHBOT H co Hej3HHaTa CMpT". Y no-raTa Ha llie~OT Ha ~p)KaBaTa BO ~opMHpafueTO Ha Bna~aTa e Haj-qeCTO~opManHa, O~HOCHO Toj MaH~aTOT 3a ~opMHpafue Ha Bna~aTa MY ro ~O-BepYBa Ha BO~aqOT Ha OHaa napTHja KojalliTo HMa MHO3HHCTBO BO napna-MeHTOT HnH MO)Ke ~a ro 06e36e~H Toa MHO3HHCTBO. E~HHCTBeHO BO...cnopHH cHTyaD;HH, BO BpCKa co Toa KOj e nH~ep Ha napTHjaTa HnH KOjnH~ep HMa MHO3HHCTBO BO napnaMeHTOT, ynoraTa Ha llie~OT Ha ~p-)KaBaTa BO o~pe~YBafueTO Ha MaH~aTopOT 3a COCTaB Ha Bna~aTa MO)Ke ~a

6H~e npeCY~Ha.

2. lloJIoJK6aTa H COCTaBOT Ha BJIa~aTa Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja

BJIa~aTa e HOCIITeJI Ha 113BpllIHaTa BJIaCT. Hea ja COqllHYBaaT upeili-ce9ailieA II MUHUCilipu.

npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa paKOBO~1I CO pa60TaTa Ha BJIa~aTa.Toj e O~fOBOpeH 3a Hej311HaTa pa60Ta II fO HaCOqYBa ~ejcTBYBaH>eTO HaBJIa~aTa, BO l{eJIIIHa, KaKO II ~ejcTBYBaH>eTO Ha Hej311HIITe qJIeHOBII, BOCOfJIaCHOCT CO npOrpaMCKIiTe onpe~eJI611 II HaCOKIiTe llITO Taa fll YT-Bp~YBa. npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa fll nOTnllllIYBa npOnliCIiTe II aKTIITellITO fll ~OHeCYBa BJIa~aTa II ce fpll)l{lI 3a HIIBHOTO CnpOBe~YBaH>e.

103

"lJJIeHOBHTe Ha BJIa~aTa HMaaT npaBO H ~OJI)KHOCT ~a YlIeCTBYBaaTBO pa60TaTa Ha BJIa~aTa; ~a ~aBaaT HHHQHjaTHBa 3a nO~rOTBYBalbe Ha3aKOHHTe H Ha ~pyrHTe npOnHCH 3a lIHeInTO npe~JIaralbe e Ha~JIe)KHaBJIa~aTa, 3a nO~rOTBYBalbe Ha npOnHCHTe H Ha ~pyrHTe aKTH InTO rH ~O-

HeCYBa BJIa~aTa, 3a YTBp~YBalbe Ha HaCOKHTe H Ha CTaBOBHTe H CJI."lJJIeHOT Ha BJIa~aTa KOj e Onpe~eJIeH ~a YlIeCTBYBa BO pa60TaTa Ha ~PY-rHTe OpraHH H TeJIa e ~OJI}KeH ~a nOCTanYBa no OBJIaCTYBalbaTa, HaCOKHTeH CTaBOBHTe Ha BJIa~aTa.

MHHHcTpHTe caMocTojHO paKOBo~aT CO MHHHCTepCTBaTa 3a KOH-InTO ce H36paHH, ro CJIe~aT H ce o~rOBopHH 3a cnpOBe~YBalbeTO Ha 3a-KOHHTe H Ha ~PyrHTe nponHCH.

3a onpe~eJIYBalbe Ha nOJIO}K6aTa Ha BJIa~aTa e 3HalIajHo H npa-InalbeTO 3a UHKOMUaillU6u/lHOcilla Ha MHHHCTepCKaTa H Ha npaTeHHqKaTaclJYHKQHja, InTO e pa3JIHQHO peIneHO BO pa3JIHlIHH 3eMjH. TaKa, BO HeKOH3eMjH (Ha npHMep, BO BeJIHKa EpHTaHHja) QJIeHOBHTe Ha Ka6HHeTOTMopa ~a 6H~aT H QJIeHOBH Ha fIapJIaMeHTOT -npaTeHHQH (npaTeHHlIKaBJIa~a), BO ~PyrH 3eMjH (Ha npHMep, BO Cp6Hja) He nOCTOH npaBHJIOcnope~ Koe MHHHCTpHTe Mopa 3a~OJI}KHTeJIHO ~a MY npHnaraaT Ha fIap-JIaMeHTOT, HHTY naK nOCTOH 3a6paHa 3a Toa (MeInOBHTa BJIa~a), a BO Tpe-TH 3eMjH (Ha npHMep, BO <l>paHQHja) nOCTOH HHKOMnaTH6HJIHOCT MetyMHHHCTepCKaTa H npaTeHHQKaTa clJYHKQHja.

fIocTojaT pa3JIHlIHH MHCJIelba BO O~HOC Ha OBa npaInalbe. Ha npH-Mep, HeKOH CMeTaaT ~eKa Co6paHHeTO Ke ro ~OCTHrHe CTeneHOT HaCOBpIneHCTBO, O~HOCHO HajBHcoKHOT CTeneH InTO BOOnInTO MO}Ke ~a cenOCTHrHe BO npeTCTaBHHQKHOT COCTaB, lI.YPH TOraIn Kora H caMHTe MHH-HCTpH Ke CTaHaT HerOBH lIJIeHOBH no fiaT Ha HapO~HH H36opH. fIopa~HToa InTO aHrJIHCKHTe QJIeHOBH Ha BJIa~aTa ce npaTeHHQH, aHrJIHCKHOTKa6HHeT He e HHillTO ~Pyro TYKY e~eH napJIaMeHTapeH o~6op. O~ ~pyraCTpaHa, nOCTOH MHCJIelbe ~eKa npHlIHHa 3a lIeCTHTe KPH3H Ha BJIa~aTa-BO<l>paHQHja 6HJIa H "TpKaTa Ha npaTeHHQHTe no MHHHCTepCKH clJoTeJIjH",na 3aToa BO Y CTaBOT Ha <l>paHQHja o~ 1958 rO~HHa e BHeceHO npaBHJIOTO3a HHKOMnaTH6HJIHOCT. Ha OBaa npaKTHQHa npHQHHa MO}Ke ~a ce ~o~a~eH TeopeTcKo 06pa3JIO}KeHHe, cnope~ Koe He MO}Ke "BO HCTO BpeMe ~a ce

6H~e KOHTpOJIOp ,H KOHTpOJIHpaH."YCTaBOT Ha PM BOBe~YBa HHKOMnaTH6HJIHOCT Ha clJYHKQHjaTa

npeTCe~aTeJI Ha BJIa~a H MHHHcTep co BpInelbe Ha ~PyrH jaBHH ~YHKQHHHJIH npoclJecHH.

3a nOJIO}K6aTa Ha BJIa~aTa e 3HalIajHo H npaBoTo Ha uMYHuilleill HanpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa H Ha MHHHcTpHTe. 3a HHBHHOT HMYHHTeT

O~JIYQYBa BJIa~aTa.fIpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa H MHHHCTpHTe, HCTO TaKa, He nO~JIe-

}KaT Ha 06BpCKa BO op~eHHTe CHJIH.BJIa~aTa MO}Ke ~a pacnaBa H ~a O~JIYlIYBa no npaInalbaTa O~ CBO-

jaTa Ha~JIe}KHOCT, ~OKOJIKY Ha ce~HHQaTa npHCYCTBYBaaT nOBeKe O~ no-

104

JIOBHHaTa qJIeHOBH Ha BJIaAaTa. CeAHH~HTe Ha BJIaAaTa peAOBHO rH CBH-

KYBa npeTCeAaTeJIOT Ha BJIaAaTa, no conCTBeHa HHH~HjaTHBa HJIH no 6a-palbe OA HajMaJiKY 1/3 OA qJIeHOBHTe Ha BJIaAaTa, a MO)Ke Aa ce CBHKaaT Hno 6apalbe Ha MHHHCTpHTe Ha eAeH OA KOaJIH~HOHHTe napTHepHl.

Bo TeKOT Ha ceAHH~HTe, BJIaAaTa OAJIyqyBa co MH03HHCTBOTO rJIa-COBH OA Hej3HHHTe qJIeHOBH. Bo CJIyqaj Kora Ha ceAHH~aTa Ha BJIaAaTanpH rJIaCalbeTO Ke ce A06HjaT eAHaKOB 6poj rJIaCOBH, 3a AOHeceHa OAJIYKaKe ce CMeTa OHaa 3a KojaIIITo rJIacaJi npeTCeAaTeJIOT Ha BJIaAaTa.

BJIaAaTa MO)Ke Aa OAJIyqYBa H co MH03HHCTBOTO rJIaCOBH Ha qJIe-HOBHTe Ha BJIaAaTa npHCYTHH Ha ceAHH~aTa, ToraIII Kora ce npe3eMaaTHTHH MepKH 3a eclJHKacHo OCTBapYBalbe Ha 6e36eAHOCTa Ha AP)KaBaTa H3a cnpOBeAYBalbe Ha nOArOTOBKHTe 3a OA6paHa, KaKO H BO APyrH BOH-

peAHH OKOJIHOCTH. qJIeHOT Ha BJIaAaTa KOj OA onpaBAaHH npHqHHH HenpHCYCTBYBaJi Ha Taa ceAHH~a, MO)Ke Aa n06apa CBHKYBalbe Ha HOBa ceA-HH~a Ha BJIaAaTa, BO pOK OA 24 qaca OA OAP)KYBalbeTo Ha Taa ceAHH~a, HaKojaIIITo Ke ce pacnpaBa H Ke ce OAJIyqH no THe npaIllalba.

3. HaAJIe)KHOCT Ha BJIaAaTa Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja

BJIa~aTa Ha PM MMa rOJIeM 6poj Ha~JIe)KHOCTM o~ pa3JIMtJeH KapaK-Tep. CelIaK, HMB MO)KeMe ~a rM KJIacM<t>M~MpaMe BO HeKOJIKY rpYIIM:

1. H3epwyealbe Ila 3aKOlluiUe u Ila opyiuiUe iipoiiucu Ila Co-6paHueiiio. Toa e OBJIaCTYBalbe KoeIlITO ce CMeTa 3a HajMMaHeHTHa Ha~-JIe)KHOCT Ha BJIa~aTa BO CMTe 3eMjM. BlIpotJeM, M Haje~HocTaBHoTo ~e-<}>MHMpalbe Ha BJIa~aTa M Ha M3BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT, BOOIIIIITO, ce 6a3Mpa Ha

Hej3MHaTa <}>YHK~Mja ~a rM M3BpIIIYBa 3aKOHMTe M ~PyrMTe aKTM Ha Co-6paHMeTo. Tpa~M~MOHaJIHMTe OlIpe~eJIYBalba Ha M3BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT, KaKOrpaHKa Ha ~p)KaBHaTa BJIaCT KojaIlITo ce 3aHMMaBa co U38pWY8albe HaaaKOHuille M Ha ~pyrMTe aKTM IIITO rM ~OHeCYBa 3aKOHo~aBHaTa BJIaCT, HaHeKoj Ha~MH IIpeTCTaBYBaaT KJIMIIIe. Toa e ~e<t>MHM~Mja IIITO ce cpeKaBaBO MHory y~e6HM~M M TPY~OBM, HO KojaIlITo MMa rOJIeM 6poj He~oc-

TaTO~M. ClIope~ DRaa ~e<}>MHM~Mja, 3aKOHo~aBHaTa BJIaCT rM CO3~aBa 3a-KOHMTe, a M3BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT rM M3BplIIYBa MCTMTe. CJIMtJHM ce M ~e<t>M-HM~MMTe clIope~ KOM 3aKOHo~aBHaTa BJIaCT pa3MMCJIYBa, a M3BpIlIHaTaBJIaCT ~ejcTBYBa.

TaKa, )KaH-)KaK PyCO CMeTa ~eKa ceKoe ~ejcTBYBalbe MMa ~Be IIPM-~MHM KOM IIpM~OHeCYBaaT Toa ~a ce IIpOM3Be~e. E~HaTa IIpM~MHa eMOpaJIHa, a Toa e BOJIjaTa KojaIlITo ro o~pe~YBa ~eJIOTO (3aKOHo~aBHaMOK), a ~PyraTa IIpM~MHa e <}>M3MtJKa, a Toa e MOKTa KojaIlITo M3BpIlIYBa(M3BpIlIHa MOK). Pyco Toa ro OIIMIIIYBa MOIlIHe CJIMKOBMTO: aKa HeIIO~-BJf)KHMOT caKa ~a TptJa, a IIO~BJf)KHMOT tJOBeK He ro caKa Toa, M ~Baj~aTa

3aKOH 3a BJIa~aTa Ha PenyOJIHKa MaKe~oHHja, "CJIY}KOeH BeCHHK Ha PM", op. 59/2000.

105

Ke OCTaHaT BO MeCTO. llOJIHTH1:JKOTO TeJIO HMa HCTH ~BH)Ke1:JKH CHJIH, HO H

TYKa pa3JIHKYBaMe CHJIa (H3BpIIIHa MOK) H BOJIja (3aKOHO~aBHa MOK).Bo paMKHTe Ha OBaa Ha~JIe)KHOCT Ha H3BplIIHaTa BJIaCT, BJIa~aTa Ha

PM.ja YTBp~YBa nOnHTHKaTa Ha H3BpIUYBalbeTO Ha 3aKOHHTe H Ha

~PyrHTe npOnHCH Ha CO6paHHeTO H e O~rOBOpHa 3a HHBHOTO

H3BpIUYBalbe;.~OHeCYBa ype~6H H ~pyrH npOnHCH 3a H3BpIUYBalbe Ha 3aKOHHTe.Ho, Ha~ne)KHOCTa Ha Bna~aTa ~a rH H3BpIUYBa aKTHTe Ha CO-

6paHHeTO onclJalca CaMO e~eH Man ~en O~ Hej3HHHTe OBnaCTYBalba. MHoryno3Ha~ajHH ce Hej3HHHTe OBnaCTYBalba~a ja KpeHpa nonHTHKaTa, npeKYnpe~naralbe Ha aKTHTe H Ha nponHCHTe IUTO rH ~OHeCYBa Co6paHHeTO,KaKO H ~pyrHTe OBnaCTYBalba IUTO rH HMa BO HopMaTHBHaTa ~ejHocT Ha

Co6paHHeTo.2. Bo pa.MKuiiie lIa lIopMaiiiu811aiiia lIao./le:JICllociii lIa Co6pa-

lIueiiio, Bna~aTa Ha PM iu upeo./laia C./leOIlU8e aKiiiu KOHIUTO rH ~OHe-cYBa Co6paHHeTo Ha PM:

.rH npe~nara 3aKOHHTe, peny6nH~KHoT 6yueT H ~PyrHTe nponHCHIUTO rH ~oHecYBa Co6paHHeTo;

.ro npe~nara npocTopHHOT nnaH Ha PM;

.npe~nara o~nYKH 3a pe3epBHTe Ha PM.Bo npaKTHKaTa, Bna~aTa ce jaBYBa KaKO rnaBeH HOCHTen Ha 3aKO-

Ho~aBHaTa HHHQHjaTHBa BO Co6paHHeTo. Ho, oBnacTYBalbaTa Ha Bna~aTaBO HopMaTHBHaTa Ha~ne)KHOCT Ha Co6paHHeTO He ce HCQPnyBaaT coHej3HHHTe OBnaCTYBalba ~a MY npe~nara Ha Co6paHHeTO ~OHeCYBalbe Hao~pe~eHH aKTH. Bna~aTa Ha PM, HCTO TaKa, e OBnaCTeHa ~a oa8a .MUC-./lelbe 3a upeO./lOi-3aKolluiiie u 3a opyiuiiie upOUUCU KOH Ha Co6paHHeTOMY rH nO~HeCYBaaT ~PyrHTe OBnaCTeHH npe~nara~H. Cnope~ ;r:(enQBHHKOT3a pa60TaTa Ha Bna~aTa Ha PM, Kora Co6paHHeTo Ice no6apa O~ Bna-~aTa MHcnelbe 3a o~pe~eH MaTepHjan, 3a HeKoj npe~nor 3a ~OHeCYBalbeHa 3aKOH, 3a HaQpT-3aKOH HnH 3a npe~nor-3aKOH, KaKO H npe~nor 3a ~PyrnponHC HnH onIUT aKT, IUTO He ro npe~nO)KHna Bna~aTa -Taa YTBp~YBaMHcnelbe, Ha ce~HHQaTa npe~ HerOBOTO pa3rneTlYBalbe BO Co6paHHeTO, HCBoeTO MHcnelbe nHCMeHO MY ro ~OCTaBYBa Ha Co6paHHeTO HnH, noHCKnY~OK, OBnaCTYBa CBOj npeTCTaBHHK KOj Hej3HHoTO MHcnelbe Ice roH3Hece Ha ce~HHQaTa Ha Co6paHHeTo.

3. Bna~aTa Ha PM HMa 3Ha~ajHH oBnacTYBalba H BO paMKHTe Ha8ooelbeiiio lIa lIao8opewllaiiia UO./lUiiiUKa. Bo Taa o6nacT, Bna~aTa:

.o~n~YBa 3a npH3HaBalbeTo Ha ~p)KaBH H Ha Bna~H;

.BocnOCTaBYBa ~HnnOMaTCKH H KoH3ynapHH O~HOCH co ~PyrHTe

~p)KaBH;.~oHecYBa o~nYKH 3a oTBopalbe Ha ~HnnoMaTcKo-KoH3ynapHH

npeTcTaBHHIUTBa BO CTpaHCTBO;

106

.npe~JIara HMeHYBalbe Ha aM6aca~dpH H Ha npaTeHHD;H Ha PM BO

cTpaHcTBo H HMeHYBa lllecpoBH ~a KoH3YJIapHHTe npeTcTaB-HHIllTBa.

4. BJIa~aTa Ha PM HMa H HeKOH opyiu 06JlacmY6alba, Mety KOH H

Ha~JIe)KHOCTa ~a:.rH YTBp~YBa HaqeJIaTa 3a BHaTpe Ha opraHH3aD;Hja H 3a pa6oTa

Ha MHHHcTepcTBaTa H Ha ~pyrHTe praHH Ha ynpaBaTa, ~a ja Ha-

coqyBa HHBHaTa pa6oTa H ~a BplllH Ha~30p Ha pa6oTelbeTo;

.npe~JIara jaBeH 06BHHHTeJI;.rH HMeHYBa H rH pa3pelllYBa HOC TeJIHTe Ha ]aBHH H Ha ~pyrH

CPYHKD;HH, YTBp~eHH CO Y CTaBOT H CO 3aKOHHTe;.BplllH ~pyrH pa60TH YTBp~eHH CO Y CTaBOT H CO 3aKOHHTe.

3a Bplllelbe Ha CBOHTe OBJIaCTYBalbl:1 BJIa~aTa ~OHeCYBa ype~6H,O~JIYKH, ynaTcTBa, npOrpaMH, pellleHHja H 3IlKJIYQOD;H.

4. 1I36op H OArOBOpHOCT Ha BJIaAaTa Ha Peny6JIHKa MaKeAoHHja

4.1. H36op Ha BJIaAa

BJIaAaTa Ha PM ce H36Hpa OA CTPa[ Ha Co6paHHeTo. llOCTanKaTa3a H36op Ha BJIaAaTa 3anOqHYBa co AO eJIYBaH>eTO Ha MaHAaTOT 3aCOCTaB Ha BJIaAaTa. llpeTCeAaTeJIOT Ha P e AOJI)KeH, BO pOK OA 10 AeHaOA KOHCTHTYHpaH>eTO Ha Co6paHHeTo, Ma AaTOT 3a COCTaB Ha BJIaAaTa.Aa MY ro AOBepH Ha KaHAHAaT Ha napTHJara, OAHOCHO Ha napTHHTe lIITOHMaaT MHO3HHCTO BO CO6paHHeTO. 3HaQH, BO BpllleH>eTO Ha DBa CBoe OB-

JIaCTYBaH>e, npeTceAaTeJIOT Ha PM He ce npTnHpa Ha conCTBeHaTa BOJIja,TYKY 3a MaHAaTOp Mopa Aa onpeAeJIH KaHA~AaT Ha napTHjaTa, OAHOCHO Ha

napTHHTe lIITO HMaaT MHO3HHCTBO BO Co$paHHeTO. OBa orpaHHqyBaH>eHa lIIeclJoT Ha AP)KaBaTa, KoelllTO BO APyrHTe 3eMjH -Boo6HQaeHO -e

peryJIHpaHO co YCTaBHH KOHBeH~HH HJI~ npOH3JIerYBa OA noTpe6aTaBJIaAaTa Aa ja ~HBa AOBep6aTa Ha MHO3J!1HCTBOTO BO napJIaMeHTOT, BOY CTaBOT Ha PM e H3peQHO clJopMYJIHpaJio. llpH npHMeHaTa Ha OBaa

oApeA6a Tpe6a Aa ce CO3AaAe npaKTHKa n1 eTCeAaTeJIOT Ha PM MaHAaTOT

3a COCTaB Ha BJIaAa Aa MY ro AOBepH Ha OH j KaHAHAaT Ha napTHjaTa lIITO

HMa MHO3HHCTBO, KOj Ke ro OApeAH caMaT Taa. Bo KOMnapaTHBHOTO YC-TaBHO npaBO, MaHAaTOT 3a COCTaB Ha BJIa~a 06HQHO MY ce AOBepYBa HaJIHAepOT Ha napTHjaTa KojalllTo HMa MHQ3HHCTBO BO napJIaMeHTOT, HOnocTojaT H CJIYQaH Kora MaHAaTOT MY ce APBepYBa Ha JIH~e koelllTO nap-THjaTa Ke ro HOMHHHpa 3a HAeH MaHAa'I10p. TaKOB 6ellle CJIYQajoT BOrepMaHHja, Ha H36opHTe BO 1998 rOAHHa, ~ora KaMnaH>aTa 3a co~HjaJIAe-MoKpaTHTe ja BOAellle r. IlIpeAep, KOj OA c~ojaTa napTHja (YlIITe BO TeKOTHa KaMnaH>aTa) 6ellle oApeAeH KaKO KaHAIiAaT 3a HAeH npeMHep, H noKpaj

Toa lIITO He 6ellle npeTceAaTeJI Ha napTHjara.

107

~aH~aTopOT, BO pOK o~ 20 ~eHa o~ ~eHOT Ha ~oBepYBaffieTo HaMaH~aTOT, Ha Co6paHHeTo MY no~HecYBa nporpaMa H ro npe~JIara coc-TaBOT Ha BJIa~aTa.

BJIa~aTa -no npe~JIor Ha MaH~aTopoT H BP3 OCHOBa Ha npo-rpaMaTa -ja H36Hpa Co6paHHeTO, co MHO3HHCTBO rJIaCOBH O~ BKynHHoT

6poj npaTeHH~H.3HaqH, npH npe~JIaraffieTO Ha MHHHCTpHTe, MaH~aTopOT 3a COCTaB

Ha BJIa~aTa e OrpaHHQeH co COrJIaCHOCTa Ha Co6paHHeTO H Mopa ~a BO~HCMeTKa 3a npH<l>aTJIHBOCTa Ha KaH~H~aTHTe 3a MHHHCTpH O~ CTpaHa Ha

npaTeHH~HTe.OrpaHHQeHOCTa Ha npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa Ha p~ BO O~HOC Ha

H36opOT H pa3peUIYBaffieTO Ha QJIeHOBHTe Ha BJIa~aTa e YllITe nOBeKenOTeH~HpaHa co <l>aKToT ~eKa caMHOT TOj He MO)Ke ~a pa3pellIH onpe-~eJIeH QJIeH Ha BJIa~aTa, TYKY caMO ~a nO~Hece npe~JIor 3a pa3pe-llIYBaffie, no KOjllITO Ke O~JIYQYBa Co6paHHeTO, Ha npBaTa Hape~Ha ce~-HH~a. ~OKOJIKY npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa npe~JIO)KH pa3peUIYBaffie HanOBeKe O~ e~Ha TpeTHHa O~ QJIeHOBHTe Ha BJIa~aTa O~ apBo6uiUHUOiU

cociUaB, Co6paHHeTO O~JIyqYBa KaKO npH H36op Ha HOBa BJIa~a. BaKBaTanOCTaBeHOCT Ha O~HOCHTe Mety Co6paHHeTO H BJIa~aTa MO)Ke ~a ~OBe~e~O HapYII1YBaffie Ha e~HHCTBOTO BO BJIa~aTa H ~O CJIa6eeffie Ha YJIOraTa HaHej3HHHoT npeTCe~aTeJI, 6H~ejKH -TeopeTCKH H YCTaBHO -nOCTOH MO)K-HOCT Co6paHHeTO ~a ce cnpOTHBCTaBH Ha HerOBHOT npe~JIor -O~ BJIa-~aTa ~a ce HCKJIYQH HeKoj Hej3HH QJIeH O~ QHjallITo pa60Ta He e 3a~OBO-JIeH.

4.2. napJlaMeHTapHa KOHTpOJla H nOJlHTHQKa O~rOBOpHOCT HaBJlMaTa Ha PM npe~ Co6paHHeTo Ha PM

Ej::{Ha OJ::{ OCHOBHHTe KapaKTepHCTHKH Ha napJIaMeHTapHHOT CHCTeMe npaBOTO Ha napJIaMeHTOT j::{a BprnH nocTojaHa KOHTpOJIa Ha pa6o-TaefueTO Ha BJIaj::{aTa, j::{a nOCTaBYBa npaTeHHqKH nparnafua, HHTepne-JIaQHja, j::{a ~opMHpa !IOCTojaHH KOMHCHH 3a CJIej::{efue Ha pa60TaTa HaBJIaj::{aTa, nOBpeMeHH aHKeTHH KOMHCHH 3a IfcnHryBafue Ha OJ::{rOBopHOCTaHa MHHHCTpHTe H CJI. Toa ce HapeKYBa napJIaMeHTapHa KOHTpOJIa, 6H-j::{ejKH ja BprnH napJIaMeHTOT -H Toa nJIeHapHO -HJIH HerOBHTe KOMHCHH,H Taa qeCTO j::{OBej::{YBa j::{O OJ::{rOBopHOCT npej::{ napJIaMeHTOT. lfej3HHHoTe~eKT He ce HCQpnYBa CO aKTOT Ha OJ::{rOBopHOCT, TYKY Taa HMa H npeBeH-THBHO j::{ejcTBo, 6Hj::{ejKIf rH CTHMYJIHpa cy6jeKTHTe BP3 KOH ce BprnH Taa'KOHTpOJIa BHHMaTeJIHO H COBeCHO j::{a rH H3BprnYBaaT CBOHTe pa60THH

3aj::{aqH.rIapJIaMeHTapHaTa KOHTpOJIa ce OJ::{HeCYBa If Ha 3aKOHHTOCTa H Ha

QeJIHCXOj::{HOCTa Ha pa60TaTa. 36opOT KOHTpOJIa HMa nOBeKe 3HaQefua, HO

108

Kora ce ynoTpe6YBa O~ aCneKT Ha YCTaBHOTO H napJIaMeHTapHOTO npaBO,TOj CO~p)KH HeKOJIKY eJIeMeHTH, H TOa:

.HHct>OpMaTHBeH eJIeMeHT -ce YTBp~YBa <!JaKTHqKaTa cocToj6a;

.OQeHYBaqKH eJIeMeHT -ce npOQeHYBaaT pe3YJITaTHTe O~ aKTHB-HOCTa Ha cy6jeKToT IlITO e nO~JIO)KeH Ha napJIaMeHTapHaTa KOH-

TpOJIa;.npe3eMalf>e Ha COO~BeTHH MepKH HJIH CaHKI(HH, BO 3aBHCHOCT O~

YTBp~eHaTa cocToj6a.fIapJIaMeHTapHaTa KOHTpOJIa e TeCHO nOBp3aHa co O~rOBOpHOCTa.

Kora Ke ce YTBp~aT HenpaBHJIHOCTH BO pa60Telf>eTO Ha cy6jeKTHTe no~-JIO)KeHH Ha napJIaMeHTapHa KOHTpOJIa, TOa npeTCTaBYBa BOBe~ BO nOK-peHYBalf>e Ha npaIlIalf>eTO Ha napJIaMeHTapHa, O~HOCHO nOJIHTHqKa o~ro-

BOpHOCT.()CHOBHO Cpe~CTBO co KOeIlITO napJIaMeHTOT BpIlIH KOHTpOJIa Ha

pa60Telf>eTO Ha BJIa~aTa ce npaTeHHqKHTe npaIlIalf>a, KOH npaTeHHQHTerH ynaTYBaaT ~O MHHHCTpHTe. CeKOj npaTeHHK HMa npaBO ~a HM nOCTa-BYBa npaIlIalf>a Ha npeMHepOT H Ha MHHHCTpHTe, BO TepMHHOT pe3epBH-paH 3a Toa, a THe ce ~OJI)KHH -BO HaqeJIO -~a o~rOBapaT Ha npaT-eHHqKOTO npaIlIalf>e, OCBeH aKa ~aBalf>eTO o~rOBOp He e "cnpOTHBHO Ha

jaBHHoT HHTepec", IlITO ce CJIyqYBa MHOry peTKO. He ce OTBopa pacnpaBano npaTeHHqKHTe npaIlIalf>a H THe HeMaaT Henocpe~Ha nOJIHTHqKa caHK-

..,QHJa, HaKO ce MOIlIHe 3HaqaJHH, co orJIe~ Ha Toa ~eKa H OB03MO)KYBaaT Haon03HQHjaTa ,,~a rH ~onHpa CJIa6HTe TOqKH" Ha BJIa~aTa H co HHB ~a ja

3an03HaejaBHOCTa.Bo Peny6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja, BO YCTaBHaTa nOCTaBeHOCT Ha OBa npa-

IlIalf>e O~ O~HOCHTe Mety 3aKOHo~aBHaTa H H3BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT, ce npHC-YTHH ~ect>opMaQHH BO O~HOC Ha peIlIeHHjaTa BO KJIaCHqHHTe napJIa-MeHTapHH H MeIlIOBHTH CHCTeMH. Cnope~ Y CTaBOT, BJIa~aTa H ceKoj He-j3HH qJIeH 3a cBojaTa pa60Ta o~rOBapaaT npe~ C06paHHeTO.

KOHTpOJIaTa Ha pa60TaTa Ha BJIa~aTa O~ CTpaHa Ha npaTeHHQHTece BpIlIH npeKY npaTeHHqKHTe npaIlIalf>a H HHTepneJIaQHjaTa. CeKoj npa-TeHHK MO)Ke ~a nOCTaBH YCHO HJIH nHCMeHO npaTeHHqKO npaIlIalf>e, aBJIa~aTa ~aBa o~rOBOp Ha nOCTaBeHHTe npaIlIalf>a.

IIHTepneJIaQHja MO)KaT ~a nO~HecaT HajMaJIKY 5 npaTeHHQH, H Toa3a pa60TaTa Ha ceKoj HOCHTeJI Ha jaBHa <!JYHKQHja, 3a pa60TaTa HaBJIa~aTa H Ha ceKoj Hej3HH qJIeH nOe~HHeqHO, KaKO H 3a pa60TaTa Ha

~p)KaBHHTe opraHH. fIpH HHTepneJIaQHja, no ~06HeHHOT o~rOBOp, ce OT-Bopa ~e6aTa KojaIlITo 3aBpIlIYBa co rJIacalf>e IlITO ro H3pa3YBa 3a~0-BOJICTBOTO Ha C06paHHeTO co o6jaCHYBalf>aTa ~06HeHH O~ BJIa~aTa.

()TCYCTBOTO Ha TaKBOTO 3a~OBOJICTBO MO)Ke ~a npeTCTaBYBa BOBe~ BOnOKpeHYBalf>e Ha nOJIHTHqKa o~rOBopHOCT H OCTaBKa Ha BJIa~aTa, HOHe3a~OBOJICTBOTO H3pa3eHO BO 3aKJIyqoKoT Ha C06paHHeTO -caMO noce6e -HeMa npaBHH nOCJIe~HQH, BO CMHCJIa Ha pa3pelIlYBalf>e Ha HO-CHTeJIOT Ha jaBHaTa ct>YHKI(Hja.

109

Bo qJIeH 92 CTaB 1 o~ Y CTaBOT ce o~pe~YBa ~eKa BJIa~aTa H ceKoj

Hej3HH qJIeH 3a cBojaTa paooTa o~roBapaaT npe~ Co6paHHeTo, HO BO no-HaTaMOIIIHHOT TeKCT ce o~peJJYBa ~eKa Co6paHHeTo MO)J{e ~a II H3rJIaCaHeAoBep6a Ha BJIa~aTa. O~ BaKBHOT HaqHH Ha perYJIHpaH>e Ha o~roBop-HOCTa MO)J{e ~a ce 3aKJIyqH ~eKa, cenaK, YcTaBoT Ha PM OBO3-Mo)J{YBacaMO nocTaBYBaH>e Ha npalIIaH>a 3a ~oBep6a Ha I(eJIaTa BJIa~a. llpa-llIaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a Ha BJIa~aTa MO)J{aT ~a ro nOCTaBaT HajMaJIKY 20npaTeHHI(H, a DBa npallIaH>e MO)J{e ~a ro nOCTaBH H caMaTa BJIa~a. Y c-TaBOT o~pe~YBa ~eKa rJIaCaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a Ha BJIa~aTa ce BpllIH aoucaleKoal Ha alpu geHa o~ nocTaBYBaH>eTO Ha npallIaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a.

Toj pOK Tpe6a ~a II OBO3MO)J{H Ha BJIa~aTa ~a ce KbHCOJIH~Hpa H ~aOCTaBH npocTOp 3a cMHpYBaH>e Ha "cTpacTHTe", na npaTeHHI(HTe co

"cTy~eHH rJIaBH" ~a npHcTanaT KOH rJIacaH>e. norpeIIIHoTo TOJIKYBaH>eHa OBaa o~pe~6a ~OBe~e ~o npeTBOpaH>e'Ha rJIaCaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a BO,,6aJI Ha BaMnHpHTe", Koj ce O~BHBa Ha nOJIHOK, BO 24 qaCOT, Kora HCTe-

KYBa TpeTHoT .u;eH o~ no~HecYBaH>eTO Ha npe~JIOroT. TaKBoTo TOJIKYBaH>e6H 6HJIO COO~BeTHO eAHHCTBeHO Ha o~pe~6aTa cnope~ Koja rJIaCaH>eTO 6Hce BpllIeJIO Ha ucaleKoal 09 alpealuOal geH o~ nocTaBYBaH>eTO Ha

npallIaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a.

O~JIYKaTa3a H3rJIacYBaH>e He~oBep6a, cnope~ YcTaBoT, ce ~OHe-cYBa co MHO3HHCTJ3.DTb rJIaCOBH o~ BKynHHoT 6poj npaTeHHI(H. TepMH-HOJIOIIIKaTa HenpeffH3HocT Ha qJIeH 92 o~ Y CTaBOT, KojonepHpa co Tep-MHHHTe "npallIaH>e3a ~oBep6a" H "H3rJIacYBaH>e He~oBep6a", ~OBe~e ~o

pa3JIHQHO TOJIKYBaH>e H ~O He~OCJIe~HOCTH npH <iJopMYJIaI(HjaTa Ha npa-lIIaH>eTO no KoellITO rJIaCaaT npaTeHHI(HTe. HCTO TaKa, Y CTaBOT He

CO~p)KH o~pe~6a 3a BO~eH>e pacnpaBa no nOCTaBeHOTO npallIaH>e 3~ ~O-Bep6a. Bo BTOpHOT HaBpaT Ha nOCTaBYBaH>e Ha npaIllaH>eTO 3a ~oBep6a,BO 1993 rO~HHa, ce ycTaHoBH npaKTHKaTa pacnpaBaTa ~a 3anOQHe Tpe-THOT ~eH o~ nocTaBYBaH>eTO Ha npallIaH>eTO, no HCTeKOT Ha KO] cerJIaCallIe. BaKBaTa npaKTHKa ~OBe~e ~O YCKpaTYBaH>e Ha MO)J{HOCTa CHTenpaTeHHI(H ~a ro HCKa}KaT CBoeTO MHCJIeH>e no e~HO TOJIKY KPYI(HjaJIHOnpallIaH>e. Mo)J{HocTa nOCJIe~eH ~a H3JIe3e Ha ~o6paHHCKaTa rOBOpHHI(a,

Henocpe~HO npe~ rJIaCaH>eTO, ja HMa npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa.AKO Ha BJIa~aTa II e H3rJIaCaHa He~OBep6a, Taa e ~OJI)KHa ~a no~-

Hece OCTaBKa. Taa HeMa MO)KHOCT, KaKO BO nOBeKeTO napJIaMeHTapHH HMeIIIOBHTH CHCTeMH, ~a H36Hpa Mety ~Be OnI(HH: ~a nO~Hece OCTaBKa HJIH

~a 6apa pacnYIIITaH>e Ha Co6paHHeTO. ;I:(PyrH HaQHHH 3a npeCTaHOK HaMaH~aTOT Ha BJIa~aTa ce: co KOpHCTeH>e Ha npaBOTO ~a nO~Hece OCTaBKa,co OCTaBKa Ha npeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha BJIa~aTa, co HerOBa CMpT HJIH TpajHa

CnpeQeHOCT ~a ja BPIIIH <iJYHKI(HjaTa H co pacnYllITaH>e Ha Co6paHHeTO.Ho, BJIa~aTa Ha Koja II e H3rJIaCaHa He~OBep6a, O~HOCHO BJIa~aTaKojalIITo nO~HeJIa OCTaBKa HJIH Ha Koja MaH~aTOT II npeCTaHaJI nopa~HpacnYIIITaH>e Ha Co6paHHeTO, OCTaHYBa Ha ~OJDKHOCT ~O H36opOT HaHOB a BJIa~a.

110

AKO BJIa~aTa ja ~O6HJIa ~oBep6aTa Ha MHO3HHCTBOTO BO CO-6paHHeTO, nOBTOpHO npaIllalbe 3a ~oBep6a He MO)Ke ~a ce nOCTaBH npe~HCTeKOT Ha 90 ~eHa o~ nocne~HOTO rnacalbe 3a ~oBep6a, OCBeH aKanpaIllalbeTO 3a ~oBep6a He ro nOCTaBaT MHO3HHCTBOTO o~ BKynHHOT 6poj

npaTeHHIJ;H.QenaTa nOCTanKa no nOCTaBYBalbeTO Ha npaIllalbeTO 3a ~oBep6a Ha

Bna~aTa jacHo noKa~a ~eKa Bna~aTa e 3aBHCHa o~ Co6paHHeTO.Bna~aTa He MO)Ke ~a onCTaHe ~OKonKY H30CTaHe ~oBep6aTa O~ CTpaHa Ha

Co6paHlfeTO.

5. OAHOCHTe Mery npeTCeAaTeJIOT Ha PM HBJIaAaTa Ha PenYOJIHKa MaKeAoHHja

E~HO o~ 3Ha'qajHHTe IIpaIIlaH>a IIITO ce IIOCTaBYBa BO 3eMjHTe BOKOHIIITO IIOCTOH ~yaJIHa (6HQecpaJIHa) H3BpIIlHa BJIaCT -H3BpIIlHa BJIaCTKojaIIlTo e ~OBepeHa BO paQeTe Ha ~Ba OpraHa: IIIeQJOT Ha ~p)l{aBaTa HBJIa~aTa -e KaKOB e O~HOCOT Mety IIpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha PeIly6JIHKaTa HBJIa~aTa: XHepapXHCKH HJIH XOpH30HTaJIeH? Ra YCTaBHHTe O~HOCH H HaIIpaKTHKaTa BO PeIly6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja ~ocera IIOBeKe O~rOBapa BTO-paTa BapHjaHTa. Ro, KaKO QJYHKQHOHHpa TOa BO O~pe~eHH 06JIaCTH BOKOH Tpe6a ~a ~ejcTBYBaaT H ~BaTa CerMeHTa Ha H3BpIIlHaTa BJIaCT, HaIIpHMep BO O~6paHaTa? Toa e IIo~pa'qje KOeIIlTO IIIeQJOBHTe Ha ~p)l{aBaTaBO MeIIlOBHTHTe CHCTeMH "HHCTHHKTHBHO" CH ro IIPHcBojYBaaT, IIpHCeTY-BajKH ce Ha "pe3epBHpaHHTe" 06JIaCTH Ha cppaHJJ.yCKHOT IIpeTCe~aTeJI:O~6paHaTa H Ha~BOpeIIlHaTa IIOJIHTHKa.

llpBHOT O~rOBOp Ha IIpaIIlaH>eTO KOj ja HMa BpXOBHaTa BJIaCT Ha~Op~eHHTe CHJIH e ~eKa BpXOBeH KOMaH~aHT Ha Op~eHHTe CHJIH eIIIeQJOT Ha ~p)l{aBaTa. Ro, IIpo6JIeMOT IIpOH3JIeryBa OTTaMY IIITO CBOH OB-JIaCTYBaH>a BO 06JIaCTa Ha O~6paHaTa HMaaT He caMO IIIeQJOT Ha ~p-)l{aBaTa, TYKY H BJIa~aTa H MHHHCTepCTBOTO 3a o~6paHa. llpo6JIeMHTeMO)l{aT ~a 6H~aT ~OTOJIKY IIOrOJIeMH, ~OKOJIKY ce 3eMe IIpe~BH~ QJaKTOT~eKa IIpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha PeIly6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja HeMa HHKaKBH OBJIaC-TYBaH>a BP3 IIpe~JIaraH>eTO H BP3 H36opOT Ha MHHHCTepOT 3a o~6paHa.

3aKOHOT 3a o~6paHa, ~OHeceH BO 1992 rO~HHa, ~aAe HaCOKH 3apeIIlaBaH>e Ha eBeHTyaJIHHTe IIpo6JIeMH IIITO 6H HaCTaHaJIe OKOJIY IIpe3e-MaH>eTO Ha o~pe~eHH aKTHBHOCTH BO OBaa 06JIaCT, TaKcaTHBHO Ha6pojy-BajKH rH OBJIacTYBaH>aTa Ha IIpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha PM, KaKO H OBJIacTY-BaH>aTa Ha BJIa~aTa H Ha MHHHcTepcTBoTO 3a o~6paHa. llopa~H Toa, BOpaKOBO~eH>eTO co o~6paHaTa Ha PeIly6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja He IIpOH3JIerOaHeKOH KOHQJJIHKTHH CHTYaQHH, IIITO He 6eIIle CJIY'qaj H co BTopaTa 06JIaCT

"pe3epBHpaHa" 3a IIIeQJOT Ha ~p)l{aBaTa -MetYHapO~HHTe O~HOCH.Y CTaBOT Ha PeIIY6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja o~ 1991 rO~HHa BO 'qJIeH 119

IIpe~BH~YBa ~eKa BO HMe Ha PeIly6JIHKa MaKe~oHHja MetYHapo~HHTe ~o-

11

rOBopM rM cKnyqYBa npeTCeAaTenOT Ha P~. ~etYHapOAHMTe AOrOBOpMMO)l{e Aa rH cKnyqyBa H BnaAaTa Ha P~, TOralli KOra TOa e onpeAeneHOco 3aKOH. 06naCTMTe BO KOHlliTO BnaAaTa cKnyqYBa MetYHapOAHH Aoro-BOpH ce HaBeAeHH BO 3aKOHOT 3a cKnyqYBallie, paTH<lJHKaI(Mja H 3aH3BplliYBallie Ha MetYHapOAHMTe AOrOBOpH. 3HaQH, CTaHYBa 360p 3a no-

AeneHa HaAne)l{HOCT.llOTpe6aTa OA 3aeAHMQKOTO pa60Tellie Ha npeTCeAaTenOT M Ha

BnaAaTa BO 06nacTa Ha HaABOpelliHaTa nOnMTHKa, npOH3nerYBa H OA

<lJaKToT AeKa CKJIYQeHMTe MetYHapOAHM AOrOBOpH rH paTM<lJHKYBa CO-6paHMeTO, a BnaAaTa e Taa KojalliTo BO ceKoj MOMeHT OA CBoeTO noc-Toellie ro HMa napnaMeHTapHOTO MH03HHCTBO. Toa OBnaCTYBallie Ha Co-6paHHeTO Ha p~ Tpe6a Aa ro HaTepa llie<lJoT Ha AP)l{aBaTa Aa rH ycornacHCBOHTe CTaBOBM BO HaABopelliHaTa nonHTHKa co OHHe Ha BnaAaTa M Aa rMHanpaBM npM<lJaTnMBH 3a C06paHMeTO.

CornaCHOCT Mety npeTceAaTenOT H BnaAaTa e noTpe6Ha H npHMMeHYBallieTO Ha aM6acaAopHTe H Ha npaTeHHI(HTe Ha p~ BO CTpaHCTBO,KoelliTO ro BPlliM npeTceAaTenOT Ha Peny6nHKaTa, HO no npeAnor Ha

BnaAaTa.Bo Peny6nMKa ~aKeAoHHja npBHTe KoH<fJnHKTH Mety llie<lJoT Ha

AP)l{aBaTa M BnaAaTa BO nepHOAOT Ha Koxa6HTaI(MjaTa (nepMOA Kora

BnaAaTa ja COQMHYBa eAHa nOnMTMQKa napTMja HnM KOanHI(Hja, a llie<lJoTHa AP)l{aBaTa e OA nOnMTMQKa napTMja KojalliTo e BO On03MI(Hja BO Co-6paHMeTO MnH HaABOp OA Hero) npOH3neroa BO 06naCTa Ha HaABO-pelliHaTa nonMTMKa. llpHToa, CHTe aKTepH ce ABH)Kea BO paMKHTe HaCBOMTe YCTaBHH OBnaCTYBallia. llpeTceAaTenOT Ha Peny6nHKa ~aKe-AoHMja e OBnaCTeH Aa cKnyqYBa MetYHapOAHM AorOBopM BO HMeTO Ha Pe-

ny6nHKa ~aKeAoHHja. C06paHHeTO Ha Peny6nHKa ~aKeAoHHja rM paTH-<lJHKYBa MetYHapOAHHTe AorOBopH. BnaAaTa Ha Peny6nHKa ~aKeAoHHjaoAnyqYBa 3a npM3HaBallie Ha Ap)KaBM M Ha BnaAH, BocnOCTaBYBa AHnno-MaTCKH M KoH3ynapHH OAHOCH co APyrH AP)KaBH H AOHeCYBa OAnYKM 3aOTBopallie Ha AMllnOMaTCKo-KoH3ynapHH npeTCTaBHHlliTBa BO CTpaHCTBO.llpeTceAaTenOT Ha P~ rH npHMa aKpeAMTHBHHTe H OTnOBHKOBHMTenMCMa Ha CTpaHCKMTe AMnnOMaTCKM npeTCTaBHMI(M. Toa e 3anHlliaHO BOYCTaBOT H HMTY eAeH opraH He npeKplliM HHTY eAHa OA TMe YCTaBHHoApeA6H. A KoH<lJnMKTHa cMTyaI(Mja, cenaK, HaCTaHa, co lliTO Peny6nHKa

MaKeAoHMja HcnpaTH KpajHo cnpOTMBHH nopaKH Ha MetYHapOAHaTaCI(eHa.

IIITo MO)l{eMe ~a 3aKJIYQHMe 3a O~HOCOT IIpeTCe~aTeJI Ha PM -

BJIa~a Ha PM? Y CTaBHHTe 0~pe~6H ce ceKoraIII IIOQeTHa TOQKa BO 06-jacHYBaH>eTO Ha YJIOraTa Ha HHCTHTYQHHTe. THe 360pYBaaT 3a IIOCTOeH>eHa o~pe~eHH e<l>eKTHBHH OBJIaCTYBaH>a Ha IIpeTCe~aTeJIOT Ha PM, co IIITOMaKe~oHHja ce B6pOH BO pe~oT Ha 3eMjH co MeIllOBHTH CHCTeMH. CeIlaK,Kaj Hac YJIOraTa Ha IIIe<l>oT Ha ~p)l{aBaTa e MHOry IIOCKpOMHa OTKOJIKYYJIOraTa Ha IIpeTCe~aTeJIHTe Ha 3eMjHTe co T .H. IIOJIYIIpeTce~aTeJICKH CHC-

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TeM. O~HOCHTe Mery npeTCe~aTeJIOT H BJIa~aTa, KaKO ~pyr CerMeHT HaH3BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT, ce nOCTaBeHH Ha XOpH30HTaJIHH OCHOBH. He MO)Ke ~aCTaHe 36op 3a XHepapXHCKa no~pe~eHOCT Ha OBHe ~Ba opraHa. Y CTaBHHTeo~pe~6H ~aBaaT OCHOBa 3a ~YHKQHOHHpafue Ha OBHe ~Ba opraHa KaKO~yo. Ho, YCTaBHHTe o~pe~6H ce caMO nOqeTHa TOqKa BO aHaJIH3aTa HaYJIOraTa Ha ~p)KaBHHTe opraHH BO nOJIHTHqKHOT CHCTeM. HHBHHTe BHC-THHCKH O~HOCH 3aBHcaT H O~ MHory ~pyrH ~aKTopH KOH ro KapaKTep-H3HpaaT KOHKpeTHHOT nepHO~ Ha HHBHOTO ~YHKQHOHHpafue. llpaKTH-KaTa e TeCT 3a ~O6JIeCTHTe H 3a He~OCTaTOQHTe Ha YCTaBHaTa nOCTa-BeHOCT Ha ~p)KaBHHTe opraHH. Koxa6HTaQHjaTa, KaKO cocToj6a Ha ~YHK-QHOHHpafue Ha ~Be pa3JIHqHH nOJIHTHqKH onQHH BO paMKHTe Ha H3-BpIlIHaTa BJIaCT BO e~Ha 3eMja, noKpaj cBojaTa ~o6pa CTpaHa -BocnOCTa-BYBafue Ha CHCTeMOT "COnHpaqKH H paMHOTe)Ka" H BO paMKHTe Ha caMaTaH3BpIlIHa BJIaCT, ja HOCH BO ce6e H nOTeHQHjaJIHaTa onaCHOCT O~ HeCTa-6HJIHOCT H Heeq,HKaCHOCT, KojaIlITo H3JIerYBa Ha nOBpIlIHHa ~OKOJIKY HenOCTOH KOHceH3YC OKOJIY onpe~eJIeHH npaIlIafua BO 06JIaCTHTe BO KOH-IIITO CBOH OBJIacryBafua HMaaT H IIIe~OT Ha ~p)KaBaTa H BJIa~aTa.

IIP AIIIAH>A:

1. KaKBH BH~OBH BJIa~H nocTojaT?2. KaKo e onpe~eJIeHa HHKoMnaTH6HJIHOCTa Ha MHHHcTepcKaTa

<lJYHK~Hja BO Y CTaBOT Ha PM?3. IIITo on<lJafca Ha~JIe)KHOCTa Ha BJIa~aTa Ha PM ~a rH H3BprnYBa

aKTHTe Ha Co6paHHeTo?4. KaKBH OBJIacTYBaH>a HMa BJIa~aTa Ha PM BO HopMaTHBHaTa

Ha~JIe)KHOCT Ha Co6paHHeTo?5. KaKBH OBJIacTYBaH>a HMa BJIa~aTa Ha PM BO BO~eH>eTO Ha

Ha~BopernHaTanOJIHTHKa?6. KaKo Teqe nOCTanKaTa 3a H36op Ha BJIa~a Ha PM?7. Bo KOH CJIyqaH npecTaHYBa Ma~aTOT Ha BJIa~aTa Ha PM?8. KaKBH ce O~HOCHTe Mefy rne<lJoT Ha ~p)KaBaTa H BJIa~aTa -

XOpH30HTaJIHH HJIH BepTHKaJIHH?

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