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Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET Sara PASSUNI Giannina POUGET Lydie UE 227 « Fluctuations et perturbations, naturelles et anthropiques des écosystèmes marins » Andrew Bakun, (2010) Journal of Marine Systems 79 361–373 Master 1 Biologie et Ecologie marine 2011

Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

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Page 1: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs

GRISET SaraPASSUNI GianninaPOUGET Lydie

UE 227 « Fluctuations et perturbations, naturelles et anthropiques des écosystèmes marins »

Andrew Bakun, (2010) Journal of Marine Systems 79 361–373

Master 1 Biologie et Ecologie marine 2011

Page 2: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

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Méso-échelle

Variations des captures de deux espèces (Engraulis ringens et Sardinops sagax) au cours du temps

Système du courant de Humboldt

Forçage climatique

Interactions biologiques -Pêcheries

Petite échelle Macro-échelleEchellestemporelles

etspatiales

0

5

10

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991

Captures(MillionsTonnes)

Temps

Anchois(Engraulis ringens)

Sardine(Sardinops sagax)

FAO 1950-1996

1. Introduction

Page 3: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

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Objectif• Intégrer les effets de l’environnement et des

processus biologiques contrôlant la dynamique des populations de téléostéens commercialement exploités.

PrédationVent TempératureSchooling

1. Introduction

Page 4: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

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Appariement

Bonne année

Mauvaise année

Abondance

Temps

Abondance

Temps

Grand recrutementFormation de schools

Faible recrutement Dispersion de poissons

Mésappariement Vent

TempératureStratification

Variabilité climatique

D’aprés Durant et al. 2007, Clim Res 33:271-283

2. Concepts2.1. Match-Mismatch

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5 jours

Particules en suspension

Strates alimentaires concentrées

Survie larves

Fenêtre de Lasker = fenêtre critique de survie

Temps

Survie

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.2. Fenêtre de Lasker

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Sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Anchois (Engraulis ringens)

Abondance

Temps

Découverte de bancs de poissons composés de plusieurs espèces Pourquoi ?

Pourquoi ces fluctuations ?

compétition = NONhypothèse = vie en banc

D’après Bakun, 1999 Ecology Letters 2:349-351

2. Concepts2.3. School trap

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Vie en banc = échapper à la prédation

Sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Diminution de l’abondance

Intégration dans un banc

Création d’un banc mixte

Anchois (Engraulis ringens)

D’après Bakun, 1999 Ecology Letters 2:349-351

2. Concepts2.3. School trap

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Problème = piège pour l’espèce minoritaire

Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Anchois (Engraulis ringens)

MIGRATRICE SEDENTAIRE

PROBLEME D’ALIMENTATION

Productivité diminue pour l’espèce minoritaire

Variation de l’abondance relative

D’après Bakun, 1999 Ecology Letters 2:349-351

2. Concepts2.3. School trap

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Concentrations de chlorophylle des eaux de surface au niveau des côtes chiliennes et péruviennes , estimées au SeaWIFS en Mars 2001

D’après Hormazabal et al., 2004. Gayana 68:291-296

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

Fortes concentrations de chlorophylle

Formation des tourbillons

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THERMOCLINE

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

Forçage climatique: Formation des tourbillons cycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

Transport d’Ekman

DIVERGENCE

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THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

Forçage climatique: Formation des tourbillons cycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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THERMOCLINE

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

Forçage climatique: Formation des tourbillons anticycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

Transport d’Ekman

CONVERGENCE

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SURFACE OCEANIQUE

UPWELLING UPWELLING

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE

Forçage climatique: Formation des tourbillons anticycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

UPWELLING UPWELLING

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE

Forçage climatique: Formation des tourbillons, « spinning up»

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

UPWELLING

Système libre: Disparition des tourbillons cycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

Page 16: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

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THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

UPWELLING UPWELLING

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE

Système libre: Disparition des tourbillons, « spinning down »

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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SURFACE OCEANIQUE

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE UPWELLING

Système libre: Disparition des tourbillons anticycloniques

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE UPWELLING

Système libre: Disparition des tourbillons, « spinning down »

D’après Bakun, 2010 Journal of marine systems 79:361-373

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

Page 19: Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs GRISET

THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

SURFACE OCEANIQUE

UPWELLING UPWELLING

ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE

THERMOCLINE

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE CYCLONIC EDDY

UPWELLING

SURFACE OCEANIQUE ANTICYCLONIC EDDY

THERMOCLINE UPWELLING

2. Concepts2.4 Formation des tourbillons

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• Exposition de théories (réunion, confirmation et généralisation)

Concepts biologiques

Conceptsphysiques

3. Conclusion

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• Bakun, A., Cury, P., 1999. The “school trap”: a mechanism promoting large-amplitude out-of-phase population oscillations of small pelagic fish species. Ecol. Lett. 2, 349–351.

• Bakun A. 2010. Linking climate to population variability in marine ecosystems characterized by non-simple dynamics: Conceptual templates and schematic constructs. Journal of Marine Systems 79, 361–373.

• Durant, Joël M.; Hjermann, Dag Ø.; Ottersen, Geir & Stenseth, Nils Chr. (2007). Climate and the match or mismatch between predator requirements and resource availability . Climate Research (CR). ISSN 0936-577X. 33(3), s 271- 283.

• FAO, Fisheries technical paper 410. Climate Change and Long-Term Fluctuations of Commercial Catches - The Possibility of Forecasting. Prof. Leonid B. Klyashtorin. Federal Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography Moscow. Rome, 2001. Cap 10. Peculiarities of the catch dynamics of Peruvian and Japanese anchovy and sardine.

• Hormazabal S, Núñez S, Arcos ,D., Espindola ,F., Yuras, G. 2004. Mesoscale eddies and pelagic fishery off central Chile (33-40°S). Gayana 68(2) supl. t.I. Proc. : 291-296.

4. Bibliographie