Mémoire Udam 33 2013

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013

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Jãeãlg DFE@G_-RG_TMX

Gllãf ulcvfrsctgcrf 8278/827?

WVFEEF OM@@VLCOGTCML

RMVX VLF G__MOCGTCMLIFDFXGTXCOF

DF EG @V_CWVF FL ACXMLDF =

@ã`mcrf fl vuf df e–mhtfltcml du DVTDãpgrtf`flt « Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml ¾

CVT @mltfsqucfu Vlcvfrsctã Hmrdfgux CY.

Imr`gtcml clctcgef

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Jãeãlg DFE@G_-RG_TMX

Gllãf ulcvfrsctgcrf 8278/827?

Feghmrgtcml d'ãeã`flts d'ulf strgtãacf

df om`ùlcogtcml gu sfcl d'ulf gssmocgtcml

iãdãrgtrcof df eg ùscquf fl Acrmldf.

Ecfu du stgaf ; Gssmocgtcml "Vlcml Dãpgrtf`fltgef dfs Gssmocgtcmls@uscogefs df eg Acrmldf" (VDG@ ??)Regof df eg Xãpuhecquf - ??442 G@HGXF_

Rãrcmdfs df stgaf ; 71/78/8278 gu 87/78/827821/27/827? gu 78/28/827?81/28/827? gu 27/2?/827?

@gìtrf df stgaf ; @mlscfur Xm`gcl YcdmrrftgRrãscdflt dãeãauã df e'Gssmocgtcml

Flsfcalgltf Omlsfce ; @gdg`f Dm`clcquf Dfhegclf

@ã`mcrf fl vuf df e–mhtfltcml du DVTDãpgrtf`flt « Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml ¾

CVT @mltfsqucfu Vlcvfrsctã Hmrdfgux CY.

Imr`gtcml clctcgef

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Xf`frocf`flts

Kf tcfls tmut d'ghmrd â rf`frocfr @mlscfur Xm`gcl Ycdmrrftg, df

`'gvmcr pfr`cs d'fiifotufr of stgaf gu sfcl df e'Gssmocgtcml.

Ofs rf`frocf`flts s'gdrfssflt ãagef`flt â tmus efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu

pmur efur gooufce ojgefurfux ft ef tf`ps qu'ces `'mlt omlsgorã gicl quf

`ml sãkmur fl fltrfprcsf sf dãrmuef gu `cfux.

Df `ë`f, k'gc`frgcs tã`mcalfr `g rfomllgcssglof â e'ãagrd df

@gdg`f Dm`clcquf Dfhegclf, `ml Flsfcalgltf Omlsfce pmur sml

c`pecogtcml dgls ef sucvc df of `ã`mcrf ft sg prãocfusf gcdf tmut gu emla

df sg rãdgotcml.

Kf l'muhecfrgc pgs efs pfrsmllfs df `ml fltmurgaf quc mlt pgrtcocpãâ e'ãeghmrgtcml df ofttf ãtudf fl rãpmldglt â `fs cltfrrmagtcmls.

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_m``gcrf

Cltrmduotcml 7

RXF@CFXF RGXTCF ;

DCGALM_TCO DF E'G__MOCGTCML ; VLF _TXVOTVXF GV_FXYCOF D'VLF REVXGECTF D'GOTCML_, FL WVËTF DFYC_CHCECTF.

3

Ojgpctrf 7 ; Dfs dcspmsctcmls igvmrghefs, dfs gtmuts pmur ul prmkft

g`hctcfux. 77

Ojgpctrf 8 ; Efs ec`ctfs du imlotcmllf`flt ãtghec. 73

Ojgpctrf ? ; Vl flvcrmllf`flt fl imrtf ãvmeutcml. 84

DFVZCF@F RGXTCF ;

_MEVTCML_ ; OM@@FLT OXFFX EF_ OMLDCTCML_ D'VLFOM@@VLCOGTCML FIICOGOF =

?6

Ojgpctrf 7 ; Cdfltcicfr ft oegssfr efs cltfremoutfurs pmur omllgctrfefurs hfsmcls. ?:

Ojgpctrf 8 ; Gotcvfr eg om`ùlcogtcml gu sfcl d'ul rãsfgu. 44

Ojgpctrf ? ; @fttrf fl pegof ul prmkft iãdãrgtfur. 67

Omloeuscml 92

Hchecmargpjcf 94

Tghef dfs gllfxfs 91

Tghef dfs `gtcêrfs 36

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CLTXMDVOTCML

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Ef sfotfur df eg oueturf fst gotufeef`flt fl pefclf ùtgtcml. _c ml

prfld fl om`ptf ulcquf`flt efs Omlsfrvgtmcrfs â Xgymllf`flt

Xãacmlge ft Dãpgrtf`fltge, ml om`ptgct 792 2227 ãeêvfs df ùscquf,

dglsf ft grt drg`gtcquf fl 8223 fl Irglof. Ml pfut `fttrf fl gvglt ul

tgux d'fvmeutcml df 7: % du lm`hrf d'ãeêvfs dfpucs ofttf pãrcmdf. Df

`ë`f, ef lm`hrf d'flsfcalglts df prgtcqufs grtcstcqufs g omllu ulf

ãvmeutcml df 8:%. Ml om`ptf gussc 7?1 ãtghecssf`flts d'flsfcalf`flt

grtcstcquf (727 Omlsfrvgtmcrfs â Xgymllf`flt Xãacmlge ft ?9

Omlsfrvgtmcrfs â Xgymllf`flt Dãpgrtf`fltge). Ofs Omlsfrvgtmcrfs smlt

iclgloãs â jgutfur df 13 % pgr efs omeefotcvctãs tfrrctmrcgefs.

Rgr gceefurs, sfeml ef Ofltrf Lgtcmlge dfs Ygrcãtãs ft du kgzz (OLY),

ce y g fu prês df 46 222 omlofrts fl Irglof fl 8272. Fl fiift, ef `grojã

dfs omlofrts lf ofssf d'gua`fltfr. Ce rfprãsfltgct 82,4 `ceecmls df

spfotgtfurs pmur efs rfprãsfltgtcmls pgygltfs sur e'gllãf 8272.

Ml omlstgtf dmlo ulf imrtf ãvmeutcml df eg df`gldf

d'flsfcalf`flt grtcstcquf fl Irglof. Lãgl`mcls, efs Omlsfrvgtmcrfs âXgymllf`flt Om`ùlge mu Cltfrom`ùlge (OXOC) smlt rgrf`flt prcs fl

om`ptf dgls e'glgeysf dfs dmllãfs irglágcsfs fl tfr`f df pãdgamacf

ùscogef. Ces smlt pmurtglt lm`hrfux ft of smlt ofs ãtghecssf`flts quc

omllgcssflt ef peus df dciicouetãs. Rgr efur pftctf tgceef ft efur dcspfrscml

aãmargpjcquf, ofs fltctãs smlt df peus fl peus `csfs â e'ãogrt dfs gotcvctãs

oueturfeefs d'flvfraurf.

Orããf fl 7369, e'VDG@ ?? (Vlcml Dãpgrtf`fltgef dfs

Gssmocgtcmls @uscogefs df eg Acrmldf) igct pgrtcf dfs struoturfs

gssmocgtcvfs smuocfusfs d'gltcocpfr ofs ãvmeutcmls, gicl df prãsfrvfr eg

rcojfssf ft eg qugectã df e'flsfcalf`flt grtcstcquf kusqu'gemrs gttfcltfs

dgls efs OXOC du Dãpgrtf`flt.

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_tgtcstcqufs fxtrgctfs d'ulf ãtudf fiifotuãf pgr ef @clcstêrf df eg Oueturf ft dfeg Om`ùlcogtcml fl 8272.

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Gu omurs d'ulf pãrcmdf df prgtcquf sur ef tfrrgcl, lmus gvmls

fssgyã df omltrchufr â e'fssmr df e' VDG@ ??, â eg pmursuctf df sfs

mhkfotcis.

Ce fst tmut d'ghmrd cldcspflsghef df prãocsfr ef ogdrf dgls efqufe

lmus rãdcafmls of `ã`mcrf. Ofeuc-oc pmrtf sur eg rfojfrojf quf lmus

gvmls rãgecsãf durglt lmtrf pãrcmdf df dfux `mcs fl fltrfprcsf, fl vuf df

e'mhtfltcml du DVT Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml df Hmrdfgux.

Lmtrf ãtudf g ãtã fiifotuãf gu sfcl df e'Gssmocgtcml VDG@ ??

hgsãf â G`hgrês dgls e'gaaem`ãrgtcml hmrdfegcsf. Ofttf struoturf g pmur hut df igcrf ãvmeufr efs gssmocgtcmls gotcvfs du sfotfur df eg ùscquf fl

Acrmldf ft gclsc df dãvfemppfr e'gotcvctã grtcstcquf ft d'ãegracr

e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge gu sfcl du dãpgrtf`flt. Feef igct hãlãicocfr sfs

gdjãrflts df stgafs, df imr`gtcmls peus om`peêtfs (gutglt â dfstclgtcml

dfs ãeêvfs quf dfs flsfcalglts). Feef efs rfarmupf gutmur df prmkfts

grtcstcqufs om`ùls d'flvfraurf.

Efs gssmocgtcmls gdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ?? smlt gu lm`hrf df :6.

Feefs smlt omlstctuãfs df ?? Fomefs df @uscquf â rgymllf`flt emoge

d'ulf pgrt, ft df armupfs ùscogux dcvfrs d'gutrf pgrt (mrojfstrfs

sy`pjmlcqufs, jgr`mlcfs, ojmrgefs, igligrfs,...).

E'VDG@ ?? pfr`ft â ofs gssmocgtcmls df hãlãicocfr df eg

omuvfrturf df eg Omliãdãrgtcml @uscogef df Irglof (O@I) ft df egIãdãrgtcml @uscogef Gquctgclf (I@G) guxqufeefs e'Gssmocgtcml fst

rgttgojãf.

Eg O@I fst eg peus c`pmrtgltf gssmocgtcml d–flsfcalf`flt ft df

prgtcquf ùscogef fl Irglof, gvfo prês df 9 2228 Fomefs df @uscquf ft

gssmocgtcmls ùscogefs gdjãrfltfs ft flvcrml 12 222 ùscocfls ft ãeêvfs

8Ojciirfs fxtrgcts du sctf cltfrlft df eg O@I.

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giicecãs. Eg O@I g ãtã rfomlluf d–utcectã puhecquf fl 7361. Feef fst garããf

pgr ef @clcstêrf df eg Oueturf ft ef @clcstêrf df eg Kfulfssf, dfs _pmrts ft

df eg Ycf gssmocgtcvf (ãduogtcml pmpuegcrf).

Ofttf Gssmocgtcml s–fst dmllãf pmur `csscml df prm`muvmcr eg

prgtcquf ùscogef dfs g`gtfurs, qufes quf smcflt efur èaf, efur mrcaclf

smocgef mu aãmargpjcquf arèof â ulf gotcml pãdgamacquf, grtcstcquf ft

oueturfeef. Eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf df eg ùscquf rfvët ulf dc`flscml

pãdgamacquf ft ul rôef smocge c`pmrtglts dãvfemppãs qumtcdcfllf`flt pgr

efs struoturfs gdjãrfltfs. Eg O@I fst omlstctuãf df 84 iãdãrgtcmls

rãacmlgefs y om`prcs e–Mutrf-@fr. Eg I@G igct pgrtcf df ofs dciiãrfltfsiãdãrgtcmls quc sf dãom`pmsflt feefs-`ë`fs fl 37 Vlcmls

Dãpgrtf`fltgefs tfeefs quf e'VDG@ ??.

Eg I@G quglt â feef g ãtã imldãf fl 7324 â Hmrdfgux. O'fst e'ulf

dfs iãdãrgtcmls rãacmlgefs efs peus glocfllfs giicecãfs â eg O@I. G

e'mrcaclf, feef ãtgct lm``ãf " Iãdãrgtcml dfs _mocãtãs @uscogefs du _ud-

Mufst" ft om`prflgct eg Dmrdmalf, eg Acrmldf, efs Egldfs, ef Emt-ft-

Agrmllf, efs Ryrãlãfs Gtegltcqufs, ef Afrs ft ef Emt. Ofs dfux dfrlcfrs

dãpgrtf`flts sf smlt pgr eg suctf rgttgojãs gu Armupf`flt Xãacmlge dfs

Iãdãrgtcmls @uscogefs df @cdc-Ryrãlãfs. O'fst fl 7338 quf eg Iãdãrgtcml

fst rflm``ãf "Iãdãrgtcml @uscogef Gquctgclf".

Gotufeef`flt, ofttf iãdãrgtcml rfamupf 824 gssmocgtcmls ùscogefs

df aflrfs grtcstcqufs vgrcãs (Fomefs df @uscquf, Jgr`mlcfs, Hgldgs,

Ojmrgefs, Hgttfrcf Igligrfs ft flsf`hefs dcvfrs). Ef Omlsfced'Gd`clcstrgtcml quc aêrf eg struoturf fst om`pmsã d'ul rfspmlsghef df

ojgquf dãpgrtf`flt.

Eg vmogtcml df e'VDG@ ?? pfut igcrf pflsfr â eg lmtcml df "eghfe" fl

tglt quf prfstgtgcrf df sfrvcofs `fttglt fl sylfracf dfs sgvmcr-igcrf

sylmly`fs df qugectã. Mr, ul eghfe fst ulf ãtcqufttf orããf pgr ul syldcogt

prmifsscmllfe mu ul mraglcs`f, gppmsãf sur ul prmduct dfstclã â eg vfltf,

pmur fl ofrtcicfr e'mrcaclf, eg qugectã ft efs omldctcmls df ighrcogtcml fl

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omlimr`ctã gvfo dfs lmr`fs prããtghecfs. Ml pgref gussc df eghfe df

qugectã.

Efs lmr`fs GILMX dãiclcssflt eg lmtcml df eghfe omlimr`ã`flt gudrmct irglágcs du omdf df eg omlsm``gtcml, fl pgrtcouecfr dgls ef dm`gclf

garmgec`fltgcrf. Ef eghfe gppgrgìt gemrs om``f ulf ofrtcicogtcml df

omlimr`ctã â dfs rêaefs dãiclcfs dgls ul ogjcfr dfs ojgrafs, o–fst-â-dcrf

ul dmou`flt rfarmupglt ul ofrtgcl lm`hrf d–fxcaflofs, ft pfr`fttglt df

agrgltcr ul lcvfgu df qugectã supãrcfurf.

Ofttf lmtcml df eghfe goqucfrt ulf vgefur peus rfegtcvf emrsqu'feef fst

gppecquãf â d–gutrfs sfotfurs d–gotcvctãs. Gussc, ce l–fxcstf peus, dgls ofs

ogs, df dãiclctcml prãocsf sur of quf rfomuvrf e–gppfeegtcml « eghfe ¾. Eg

vgefur goomrdãf pgr ef `grojã gu eghfe s–fl rf`ft dmlo â eg pfrtclflof du

ogjcfr dfs ojgrafs omlstctuã gclsc qu–â eg orãdchcectã du pglfe d–gotfurs

gyglt pgrtcocpã â sml ãeghmrgtcml.

_feml ofttf dãiclctcml, lmus pmurrcmls mhsfrvfr ul rgpprmojf`flt

fltrf of quf omliêrflt efs trmcs mraglcs`fs â efurs gdjãrflts ft eg lmtcmldf eghfe. Lãgl`mcls, e'VDG@ ?? sf dãiclct peus fxgotf`flt om``f ul

pôef rfssmurof quc miirf gux struoturfs giicecãfs ul goom`pgaf`flt dgls

sfs dã`grojfs grtcstcqufs, ulf gcdf dgls sg rfojfrojf df iclglof`flt ft

ulf gsscstglof tfojlcquf.

Lmus gvmls ojmcsc d'fiifotufr lmtrf ãtudf dgls ofttf struoturf ogr

ef sfotfur grtcstcquf ft ùscoge fl pgrtcouecfr fst ul dm`gclf quc lmus fst

ig`cecfr. Ce lmus g pfr`cs pgr gceefurs df `fttrf fl prgtcquf efs

flsfcalf`flts d'glgeysf om``frocgef goqucs â e'CVT â ul dm`gclf â eg

ecscêrf du `mldf df e'fltrfprcsf. Lmus gvcmls dãkâ fu e'moogscml

gupgrgvglt d'fiifotufr dfs ãtudfs gu sfcl df struoturfs grtcstcqufs (Mpãrg

Lgtcmlge, Ofltrf Oueturfe â e'ãtrglafr) ft lmus trmuvcmls cltãrfssglt

d'fxpemrfr ef dm`gclf grtcstcquf, gssmocgtci ofttf imcs. Fl mutrf, ce fst

tmukmurs cltãrfssglt df trgvgceefr gu sfcl d'ulf pftctf struoturf ãtglt dmllã

eg rcojfssf ft eg vgrcãtã dfs `csscmls quf efs stgacgcrfs mlt aãlãrgef`flt

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e'mppmrtulctã d'fiifotufr. Ofttf pgrtcouegrctã pfr`ft d'ëtrf rãfeef`flt

c`pecquãf dgls efs gotcvctãs df e'fltrfprcsf ft df prfldrf dfs clctcgtcvfs

vmcrf dfs rfspmlsghcectãs.

Gu vu dfs gttfltfs dfs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu df e'Gssmocgtcml, lmus

gvmls rãgecsã e'c`pmrtglof dfs `csscmls â fiifotufr omlofrlglt e'ãvmeutcml

df sfs gotcvctãs. Lmus gvmls dmlo sgcsc e'flkfu dfs gotcmls gttfldufs. Ce

fst tmukmurs cltãrfssglt df trgvgceefr gu sfcl d'ulf struoturf quc g df

rãfeefs gttfltfs flvfrs lmtrf ãtudf, ofeg lmus fltrgìlf â fiifotufr ul

trgvgce gpprmimldc pucsqu'ce sfrg `cs fl prgtcquf sc efs smeutcmls prmpmsãfs

omlvcfllflt. Ofttf Gssmocgtcml lmus g dmlo miifrt e'mppmrtulctã df rãgecsfr ulf ãtudf omlorêtf gvfo df rãfes mhkfotcis.

Ce fst c`pmrtglt df sgvmcr quf ofttf Gssmocgtcml lf dcspmsf pgs df

sfrvcof om`ùlcogtcml om``f gu sfcl d'ulf fltrfprcsf. Efs `csscmls

om`ùlcogltfs smlt rãgecsãfs pgr efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu

moogscmllfeef`flt sgls pegl rãfeef`flt ãtghec. Lmtrf `csscml sfrg dmlo

e'ulf dfs prf`cêrfs hgsãf sur oft mhkfotci ; om`ùlcqufr df igámlfiicogof. Lms ojmcx sfrmlt dmlo dãtfr`clglts pmur igcrf pfrdurfr e'gotcvctã

df e'Gssmocgtcml dgls ulf dylg`cquf df ormcssglof ft rfldrf sfs gotcmls

vcschefs guprês df sfs gdjãrflts ft pgrtflgcrfs.

Df `ë`f, efs dciicouetãs df om`ùlcogtcml smlt rflomltrãfs

`gkmrctgcrf`flt pgr efs gssmocgtcmls ãtglt dmllã ef `glquf df `myfls

iclglocfrs dmlt feefs dcspmsflt. O'fst eg rãgectã du `mldf gssmocgtci, o'fstgussc ul dfs cltãrëts d'ãtudcfr of typf df struoturf ; tfltfr df trmuvfr dfs

smeutcmls quc dãpgssflt efs strgtãacfs om``frocgefs usufeefs pgrimcs três

mlãrfusfs.

Vl pegl df om`ùlcogtcml pgrgìt cldcspflsghef â tmutf struoturf

quc smujgctf dãvfemppfr sg lmtmrcãtã ft tfltfr gclsc df suhscstfr gux

`flgofs fxtãrcfurfs. Lãgl`mcs ulf og`pgalf df om`ùlcogtcml l'fst

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pgs tmukmurs rãgecsghef iclglocêrf`flt ft efs rftm`hãfs d'ulf

om`ùlcogtcml pgygltf lf smlt pgs tmukmurs suiicsgltfs. Ce fst dmlo

smujgctghef df trmuvfr ulf `glcêrf df dãvfemppfr dfs gotcmls argtuctfs

quc tmuojfrmlt dcrfotf`flt efs pfrsmllfs vcsãfs ft quc gua`fltfrmlt pgr

gceefurs e'c`gaf df `grquf df e'VDG@ ??.

Reus aemhgef`flt, lmus lmus sm``fs cltfrrmaãf sur eg igáml df

igvmrcsfr ulf om`ùlcogtcml pfrtclfltf fltrf efs pgrtflgcrfs gicl df

prm`muvmcr efs gotcmls `flãfs pgr e'VDG@ ??.

Lãgl`mcls, gvglt df om`ùlcqufr, ce fst lãofssgcrf df omllgctrfeg ochef vcsãf pgr eg dã`grojf. O'fst coc tmut e'flkfu df lmtrf ãtudf. Lmus

dfvmls tmut d'ghmrd omllgctrf eg pmpuegtcml vcsãf pgr lmtrf pegl df

om`ùlcogtcml ft glgeysfr pgr eg suctf efs gttfltfs dfs gdjãrflts ft dfs

gdjãrflts pmtfltcfes. Ce igut gussc ãtudcfr fl pgrgeeêef efs ogpgoctãs rãfeefs

df e'VDG@ ?? gicl d'ãtghecr dfs gotcmls df om`ùlcogtcml flvcsgafghefs

ft gppecoghefs pgr e'Gssmocgtcml.

Lmtrf prf`cêrf `csscml rãscdgct fl eg rfojfrojf d'climr`gtcmls

omlofrlglt ef pfrsmllfe flsfcalglt gotci fl Acrmldf (ogrgotãrcstcqufs ft

ommrdmllãfs). Ce s'gact flsuctf d'gttfcldrf dcrfotf`flt ofs prmifsscmllfes

peutôt quf pgr ef hcgcs df eg Dcrfotcml df eg struoturf quc efs f`pemcf. Lmus

gvmls omlstgtã quf efs dmllãfs l'ãtgcflt pgs tmukmurs trgls`csfs gux

cltãrfssãs ft quf ofeg pmuvgct omlstctufr ul vãrctghef mhstgoef â eg

prmpgagtcml dfs climr`gtcmls.

Dgls ul prf`cfr tf`ps lmus fiifotufrmls ul dcgalmstco df

e'Gssmocgtcml fl prflglt fl om`ptf efs gtmuts df sml prmkft `gcs

ãagef`flt efs ec`ctfs cljãrfltfs gu stgtut gssmocgtci. Rmur ofeg, lmus lmus

gttgojfrmls â igcrf e'glgeysf df e'flvcrmllf`flt dgls efqufe ãvmeuf

e'VDG@ ??. Vl dcgalmstco fst fl fiift cldcspflsghef gvglt d'fiifotufr

tmutf prmpmsctcml. Ce fst prc`mrdcge df dcspmsfr df tmutfs efs climr`gtcmls

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gvglt df pmuvmcr flagafr ulf rãiefxcml gicl df prfldrf efs dãocscmls efs

peus omjãrfltfs pmsschefs.

Dgls ul sfomld tf`ps, lmus `fttrmls fl gvglt efs smeutcmls quf

lmus gurmls rftflufs. Lmux fxpmsfrmls gemrs efs dciiãrfltfs ãtgpfs df eg

orãgtcml d'ul pegl df om`ùlcogtcml â e'ãojfeef df ofttf Gssmocgtcml

dãpgrtf`fltgef. Ofttf pgrtcf sfrg dcvcsãf sfeml efs gotcmls quf lmus

gurmlt `csfs fl pegof tmut gu emla df e'ãtudf sur ef tfrrgcl ; e'cdfltcicogtcml

dfs cltfremoutfurs ft ef oegssf`flt gu sfcl d'ulf hgsf df dmllãf, eg `csf

fl rãsfgu arèof â e'flvmc df lfwsefttfrs ft df qufstcmllgcrfs. Flicl, lmus

prãsfltfrmls eg orãgtcml d'ul ãvãlf`flt d'flvfraurf rgssf`heglt efslm`hrfusfs tfojlcqufs df om`ùlcogtcml.

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3

RXF@CFXF RGXTCF ;

DCGALM_TCO DF E'G__MOCGTCML, VLF

_TXVOTVXF GV _FXYCOF D'VLF

REVXGECTF D'GOTCML_ FL WVËTF DF

YC_CHCECTF.

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CLTXMDVOTCML G EG RXF@CFXF RGXTCF

Gicl df rãpmldrf â lmtrf prmheã`gtcquf ft gvglt d'flvcsgafr tmut

ãeã`flt df rãpmlsf, ce fst cldcspflsghef d'fiifotufr ul dcgalmstco df

e'Gssmocgtcml, d'ãvgeufr sfs pmclts imrts, gu lcvfgu du omlofpt, df sfs

imlotcmls ft gotcvctãs, `gcs ãagef`flt df sfs igchefssfs. Fl fiift, e'glgeysf

dfs pmclts igchefs df e'gotcvctã, qu'ce s'gacssf df ec`ctfs gu lcvfgu du

imlotcmllf`flt clstctutcmllfe, fl tfr`f df om`ùlcogtcml, gu pegl

iclglocfr, pfr`ft df dãiclcr oegcrf`flt ul ãtgt dfs ecfux df e'Gssmocgtcml. Ce

s'gacrg flsuctf d'ãvgeufr e'flvcrmllf`flt df e'VDG@ ?? smus efs gspfotspmectcqufs, ãomlm`cqufs, smocgux, tfojlmemacqufs, kurcdcqufs `gcs

ãagef`flt fl tfr`f df omlourrflof. Ofttf glgeysf pfut pfr`fttrf

d'ãoegcrfr efs rfspmlsghefs df e'Gssmocgtcml â prmpms d'ãvfltufeefs

mppmrtulctãs â sgcscr ft â clsorcrf dgls ulf dylg`cquf aemhgef d'ãvmeutcml.

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Ojgpctrf 7 ; Dfs dcspmsctcmls igvmrghefs, dfs gtmutspmur ul prmkft g`hctcfux.

Vlf gssmocgtcml l'g guoulf rgcsml d'gacr sc feef lf sf omlstruct pgs

â eg hgsf d'ul prmkft lmurrc df pgsscml. Fl fiift, efs `f`hrfs d'ul Hurfgu

gssmocgtci smlt hãlãvmefs ft omlsgorflt ulf pgrtcf df efur tf`ps

pfrsmllfe â eg hmllf `grojf df eg struoturf. Ofs pfrsmllfs dmcvflt gclsc

ëtrf gttgojãfs â eg ogusf dãiflduf pgr e'Gssmocgtcml pmur ëtrf gotcis ft

clvfstcs gu sfcl df ofttf dfrlcêrf.

_fotcml 7 ; Vlf vmemltã df igcrf pfrdurfr eg qugectã dfe'flsfcalf`flt grtcstcquf gu sfcl du dãpgrtf`flt.

Efs Omlsfrvgtmcrfs Xãacmlgux mu â Xgymllf``flt Dãpgrtf`fltge

mlt eg rãputgtcml gotufeef df pfrdrf df eg vgefur fl tfr`f df lcvfgugrtcstcquf gttfclt pgr efs ãtudcglts. Reuscfurs rgcsmls smlt `csfs fl ogusf ;

d'ulf pgrt, eg hgcssf du sãrcfux dfs ãeêvfs dgls efur prgtcquf ft d'gutrf

pgrt, eg dc`clutcml dfs `myfls goomrdãs gux mraglcs`fs df imr`gtcml

ùscogef pgr efs omeefotcvctãs tfrrctmrcgefs df rgttgojf`flt.

Ofpfldglt, df lm`hrfusfs struoturfs mlt e'g`hctcml df prmuvfr

efur qugectã ft efur utcectã gicl df prãsfrvfr efs `myfls iclglocfrs qu'ml efur

goomrdf. Feefs `mltflt gclsc dfs prmkfts cllmvglts â e'gcdf df spfotgoefs

iãdãrgtfurs rfarmupglt peuscfurs ãomefs mu flomrf fl pgrtflgrcgt gvfo

dfs struoturfs grtcstcqufs puhecqufs. Ofs prmkfts mlt e'gtmut df rgssf`hefr

dfs pmpuegtcmls pgrimcs csmeãfs aãmargpjcquf`flt dfs gotcmls `flãfs

pgr efs arglds ofltrfs urhgcls. Rgr gceefurs, ofoc pfr`ft df rãgecsfr dfs

spfotgoefs df peus argldf flvfraurf smuvflt clflvcsgafghefs gu sfcl dfs

struoturfs df pftctf tgceef. Ces aãlêrflt ul c`pgot emoge hfguomup peus

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prmlmloã gu lcvfgu smocge, ãvãlf`fltcfe ft oueturfe. Efs omlofrts df

argldf g`pefur gooufceeglt du puheco df e'fxtãrcfur mlt dfs rftm`hãfs

ãomlm`cqufs ft tmurcstcqufs ft clieuflt sur e'gttrgotcvctã d'ulf vceef.

O'fst dgls of omltfxtf df rfojfrojf aãlãrgecsãf df eg qugectã

grtcstcquf ft peus prãocsã``flt ùscogef quf e'VDG@ ?? tcflt ul rôef

pgrtcouecêrf`flt c`pmrtglt. Fl fiift, ofttf imlotcml iãdãrgtrcof dfs

gssmocgtcmls du dãpgrtf`flt igocectf eg ommrdclgtcml dfs prmkfts

ùtugecsãs. E'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltge fst ul hml fxf`pef

df prmkft iãdãrgtfur pucsqu'ce rfarmupf dfs ùscocfls df tmus èafs ft

prfsquf df tmus lcvfgux prmvflglt d'Fomefs df @uscquf ftOmlsfrvgtmcrfs â Xgymllf`flt Dãpgrtf`fltge df tmutf eg Acrmldf.

Df `ë`f, e'VDG@ ?? igct hãlãicocfr efs prmifssfurs df ùscquf df

imr`gtcmls vgrcãfs dgls ef hut d'gotugecsfr efs om`pãtflofs df ofs

flsfcalglts `gcs ãagef`flt df efur pfr`fttrf df s'clctcfr â dfs prgtcqufs

lmvgtrcofs. Fl fiift, ce pgrgìt c`pmrtglt gotufeef`flt df s'c`prãalfr df

hgsfs df @uscquf Gsscstãf pgr Mrdclgtfur (@GM) pmur efs prmifssfurs dfùscqufs gotufeefs. E'VDG@ ?? fst d'gceefurs â e'gvglt-agrdf gvfo ef

emacocfe "Mpfl stgaf" qu'feef g dãsmr`gcs cltãarã â sg prgtcquf omeefotcvf.

_ur ef `mdêef df eg vcscm-omliãrflof, of emacocfe pfr`ft â dfs ùscocfls

mu â dfs armupfs aãmargpjcquf`flt dcstglts df kmufr vcrtufeef`flt

flsf`hef.

Lmus omlstgtmls gclsc e'ãvcdflof df eg peurgectã d'gotcvctãs dfe'Gssmocgtcml ft sml rôef iãdãrgtfur clomltmurlghef dgls eg survcf df

e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge du dãpgrtf`flt. E'gspfot iãdãrgtfur pfr`ft df

pgecfr e'clsuiicsglof vmcrf e'cldcaflof dfs `myfls iclglocfrs ft ju`gcls df

ofrtgclfs gssmocgtcmls gdjãrfltfs.

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7?

E'VDG@ ?? fst rãfeef`flt gu omfur d'ul rãsfgu hcfl omlstruct

d'gssmocgtcmls fl Irglof quc imlotcmllflt tmutfs gvfo oft mhkfotci ; eg

prmtfotcml dfs vgefurs grtcstcqufs ft ùscogefs ft eg prãsfrvgtcml d'ul

flsfcalf`flt df qugectã dgls ojgquf rãacml ft dãpgrtf`flt.

Rgr gceefurs, ce fst c`pmrtglt df lmtfr eg prãsflof df `f`hrfs du

Hurfgu df e'VDG@ ?? om`ùls gvfo efs `f`hrfs gotcis df eg I@G. Fl

fiift, ef Ycof-prãscdflt _forãtgcrf df e'VDG@ ?? fst ãagef`flt Rrãscdflt

Dãeãauã df eg I@G. Ef prãscdflt df lmtrf Gssmocgtcml quglt â euc fst

trãsmrcfr df eg I@G. Oft ãeã`flt tfld â goofltufr ef igct quf e'Gssmocgtcml

acrmldclf fst gu omfur dfs gotcmls sur eg rãacml Gquctgclf. Oft ãeã`fltpfut gussc prmuvfr ulf imrtf c`pecogtcml dfs `f`hrfs gclsc qu'ulf

qugecicogtcml grtcstcquf ãtghecf. Ce fst ãvcdflt df omlstgtfr ul dylg`cs`f

`grquã ojfz efs dãtfltfurs du prmkft df e'VDG@ ??. Efurs cdãfs

lmvgtrcofs fl smlt eg prfuvf.

E'mraglcarg``f sucvglt pfr`ft d'cdfltcicfr eg pegof df e'VDG@ ??

gu sfcl dfs gssmocgtcmls df rgttgojf`flt. Ce igct gppgrgìtrf ãagef`flt efsdciiãrflts `f`hrfs du Hurfgu df e'Gssmocgtcml gclsc quf efur imlotcml ft

qugecicogtcml.

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Mraglcarg``f l²7 ? ; @f`hrfs du Hurfgu df

e'VDG@ ?? ft gssmocgtcmls df rgttgojf`flt.

?Mraglcarg``f rãgecsã pgr lms smcls.

Omliãdãrgtcml

@uscogefdf

Irglof

Iãdãrgtcml

@uscogef

Gquctgclf

VDG@

??

Rrãscdflt

GegclJFXYF

(Trãsmrcfr

I@G)

YcofRrãscdflt

Xm`gcl

YCDMXXFTG

(Rrmifssfur

Fomefdf

@uscquf)

YcofRrãscdflt/

_forãtgcrf

Rcfrrf-Irglámcs

HMSFX

(Rrãscdflt

DãeãauãI@G)

Trãsmrcfrs

OãocecgHXFOJML

(prmifssfurFomef

df@uscquf)

Gegcl

DFEGRCFXXF

Xfspmlsghef

om``csscmls

pãdgamacqufs

Dm`clcquf

KMVAEG

(DcrfotfurFomef

df@uscquf

G`hgrês)

_forãtgcrfsgegrcãf

(f`pemyãfpgr

eg@gcrcf)

Eydcf

XGCLTFGV

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_fotcml 8 ; Vlf imlotcml climr`gtcvf c`pmrtgltf gu sfcld'ul rãsfgu omlstctuã.

Lmus pmuvmls giicr`fr quf e'VDG@ ?? gssurf gussc ulf `csscml df

imlotcmllf`flt du rãsfgu dfs dciiãrfltfs struoturfs. Fl fiift, pgr eg

orãgtcml df prmkfts grtcstcqufs d'flvfraurf `ëeglt dcvfrsfs ulctãs, e'VDG@

?? kmuf ul rôef imldg`fltge pgr eg `csf fl rfegtcml qu'feef mpêrf gicl quf

efs dciiãrflts gotfurs sf rflomltrflt ft pucssflt ommpãrfr.

Fl mutrf, e'VDG@ gssurf dfs imlotcmls d'climr`gtcml guprês dfs

gdjãrflts pgr ef hcgcs df sml sctf cltfrlft. Efs omlofrts ft spfotgoefs

mraglcsãs pgr sfs `f`hrfs smlt gllmloãs, of quc omlstctuf ulf rãfeef

prm`mtcml df eg soêlf rãacmlgef pmur efs gssmocgtcmls gdjãrfltfs.

E'VDG@ ?? prmpmsf gussc ul sfrvcof df "pftctfs gllmlofs" dãdcãfs â eg

vfltf ft emogtcml d'clstru`flts.

Of sctf cltfrlft fst ul rãfe gtmut pmur e'Gssmocgtcml ogr ce fst três

hcfl rãiãrfloã. O'fst ef prf`cfr sctf wfh quc gppgrgct sur Ammaef emrsquf

e'ml ojfrojf dfs climr`gtcmls sur e'VDG@ ??. O'fst dmlo ulf pegtfimr`f

om`peêtf d'climr`gtcmls ft df rfssmurofs fl ecalf quf prmpmsf ofttf

struoturf.

_fotcml ? ; Dfs gotcvctãs muvfrtfs sur e'fxtfrcfur.

E'VDG@ ?? g pmur `csscml df rfarmupfr dfs ùscocfls `gcs pgs

sfuef`flt efs gdjãrflts df e'Gssmocgtcml. Fl fiift, ef emoge df e'VDG@ ?? â

G`hgrês kmuxtf ef Rôef Fvgscml Oueturfe, soêlf três gotcvf emogef`flt.

Ofttf struoturf dcspmsf d'ulf sgeef df omlofrt gvfo argdcls rãtrgotghefs,

d'ulf sgeef df dglsf, d'ul argld fspgof gooufceeglt vmuã â e'ãojglaf ft

qufequfs hurfgux gd`clcstrgtcis df e'Fomef df @uscquf ft df e'VDG@ ??.

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Efs emogux df e'Gssmocgtcml smlt sctuãs gu sfcl `ë`f df e'Fomef df

@uscquf d'G`hgrês. E'VDG@ ?? fst dmlo gu omfur d'ul ãojglaf fltrf

e'Fomef df @uscquf g`hgrãscfllf ft eg rãgecsgtcml omlorêtf df prmkfts

grtcstcqufs du Rôef Fvgscml Oueturfe. Ml pfut fl fiift giicr`fr quf e'VDG@

?? fst cdãgef`flt sctuãf aãmargpjcquf`flt sc e'ml omlscdêrf efs ieux

d'climr`gtcml ft rfegtcmls cltfrpfrsmllfeefs orããs pgr ofs dfux mraglcs`fs

gux gotcvctãs om`peã`fltgcrfs.

D'gutrf pgrt, e'VDG@ ?? fiifotuf dfs pgrtflgrcgts flrcojcssglts

gvfo pgr fxf`pef e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux, ef Rôef Fvgscml

Oueturfe mu flomrf e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef. Ofs trmcs clstctutcmls pfuvfltomltrchufr â goormctrf eg lmtmrcãtã df e'Gssmocgtcml. Efs omlvfltcmls

clstgurãfs â e'moogscml df prmkfts om`ùls gppmrtflt ulf ogutcml â

e'Gssmocgtcml ft pgrtcocpflt gu dãvfemppf`flt df sml c`gaf df `grquf.

Feefs orãflt gclsc ulf om`ùlcogtcml pmsctcvf gutmur df e'VDG@ ??.

Fl mutrf, e'Gssmocgtcml fst muvfrtf sur d'gutrfs struoturfs

acrmldclfs ft fxfrof ulf clieuflof gu-dfeâ df eg Acrmldf arèof â sfspgrtflgrcgts ft eg pmeyvgeflof df sfs `f`hrfs.

Df `ë`f, ce igut sgvmcr quf ofrtgcls hãlãvmefs df e'Gssmocgtcml

smlt ãagef`flt gotfurs prmifsscmllfes df e'Fomef df @uscquf d'G`hgrês

gux lcvfgux grtcstcquf ft gd`clcstrgtci. Ofeg igvmrcsf flomrf eg orãgtcml df

ecfls durghefs ft igocectf eg omllgcssglof dfs gdjãrflts pmtfltcfes ft df

efurs gttfltfs.

E'VDG@ ?? gact dmlo fl omeeghmrgtcml gvfo dfs struoturfs

ãduogtcvfs ft smocgefs. Rgr fxf`pef, ef prmkft "Mrojfstrf â e'ãomef"

omlscstf â prm`muvmcr e'gpprfltcssgaf d'ul clstru`flt gu sfcl d'ulf

imr`gtcml omeefotcvf. Of prmkft igvmrcsf ef rgpprmojf`flt dfs pmpuegtcmls

gvfo ef sfotfur grtcstcquf ft oueturfe.

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E'VDG@ ?? g pmur gtmut d'gssurfr ul ecfl pfr`glflt gvfo efs

struoturfs quc argvctflt gutmur d'feef. Ce fst ofrtgcl quf dgls of dm`gclf,

e'gotcml om`ùlf fst cldcspflsghef â eg hmllf `grojf dfs prmkfts.

E'Gssmocgtcml hãlãicocf d'ul glorgaf gvfo eg rãgectã du tfrrgcl pgr eg

prmxc`ctã du Rôef Fvgscml Oueturfe, clstctutcml gvfo egqufeef feef pgrtgaf

sfs emogux. Eg omjãrflof df e'gotcml fst rflimroãf pgr dfs gotfurs

om`ùls. Fl fiift, ulf pgrtcf dfs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu df e'Gssmocgtcml

fst omlstctuãf pgr dfs prmifssfurs df e'Fomef df @uscquf mu flomrf du

pfrsmllfe df eg dcrfotcml. Ce fst om`prãjflschef quf efs flsfcalglts

smujgctflt s'clvfstcr dgls ul rôef vcsglt eg prmtfotcml df efur gotcvctã.

Df `ë`f, ef Rôef Fvgscml Oueturfe fst pgrimcs ef ogdrf

d'ãvãlf`flts mraglcsãs pgr e'Fomef pucsqu'feef dcspmsf d'ulf argldf

ogpgoctã d'gooufce dgls sfs emogux (argldf sgeef df omlofrts gvfo argdcls

rãtrgotghefs).

Fl fiift, pgr e'gotcml df prm`mtcml qu'fxfrof e'VDG@ ?? guprês dfs

gotcvctãs d'Mrojfstrf â e'Fomef `gcs gussc d'mrojfstrf vcrtufe â e'gcdf duemacocfe "Mpfl _tgaf", e'Gssmocgtcml pfr`ft â dfs ùscocfls cssus df

`cecfux ãemcalãs df eg prgtcquf df eg ùscquf trgdctcmllfeef df s'cltãrfssfr

df igáml peus eudcquf, ft pgr ulf gpprmojf peus mrcaclgef df

e'gpprfltcssgaf df eg ùscquf. Ce fst vrgc quf dgls efs oursus trgdctcmllfes,

eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf l'fst mhecagtmcrf qu'â pgrtcr du oyoef CC df prgtcquf

clstru`fltgef mu vmogef, of quc rfprãsfltf ul lcvfgu dãkâ gvgloã dgls

e'gpprfltcssgaf. Rgr gceefurs, eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf pgrgìt peus eudcquf`ë`f sc feef df`gldf eg `ë`f rcaufur dgls ef trgvgce. Fl pfr`fttglt â

ofs pmpuegtcmls df s'clvfstcr dgls ulf prgtcquf omeefotcvf, ofs dfrlcfrs sf

sfltflt peus omlofrlãs ft s'clvfstcssflt peus rãauecêrf`flt dgls ofs

gotcvctãs â ulf ãpmquf mu eg ùscquf l'fst pgs imroã`flt goofsschef â

tmus. Ml vmct dmlo, arèof â ofttf sy`hcmsf, quf e'VDG@ ?? fxfrof ulf

prgtcquf `ãdcgtrcof ft rgpprmojf df e'grt efs pmpuegtcmls efs peus ãemcalãfs

df eg oueturf fl aãlãrge.

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_fotcml 4 ; E'gooufce du puheco ft eg afstcml df eg rfegtcmlgvfo e'gdjãrflt.

Ef ecfu dgls efqufe efs gotfurs df e'VDG@ ?? smlt hgsãs fstgooufceeglt, `mdfrlf, ft cdãgef`flt pegoã dgls eg vceef d'G`hgrês ; sur eg

pegof prclocpgef. Of emoge dcspmsf d'ulf ogpgoctã d'gooufce c`pmrtgltf

arèof â e'Gudctmrcu` utcecsã pmur efs rãpãtctcmls d'mrojfstrf. Ce y rêalf ulf

gt`mspjêrf garãghef ft ojgefurfusf.

Ef rgppmrt fltrf efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu ft ef puheco fst três pmsctci.

Eg sforãtgcrf, quc fst rãauecêrf`flt fl omltgot gvfo efs gdjãrflts, igctprfuvf d'ulf argldf ogpgoctã rfegtcmllfeef. E'Gssmocgtcml fst rãfeef`flt â

e'ãomutf df sfs gdjãrflts.

Ef Hurfgu df e'VDG@ ?? ft eg sgeef dfs prmifssfurs df e'Fomef df

@uscquf smlt om`ùls. O'fst eg rgcsml pmur egqufeef e'Gssmocgtcml dcspmsf

d'climr`gtcmls fl tf`ps rãfe sur e'ãtgt gotufe df e'flsfcalf`flt ft dfs

hfsmcls df imr`gtcml ft dmlo d'ulf ogpgoctã â gltcocpfr efs gttfltfs df sfs

gdjãrflts.

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Ojgpctrf 8 ; Efs ec`ctfs du imlotcmllf`fltãtghec.

Tmutf struoturf, qu'ce s'gacssf d'ulf gssmocgtcml mu d'ulf fltrfprcsf,

prãsfltf dfs pmclts imrts om``f dfs igchefssfs. Lmus geemls dãsmr`gcs

lmus omlofltrfr sur efs pmclts igchefs quc pmurrgcflt ëtrf df lgturf â

irgacecsfr e'VDG@ ??.

_fotcml 7 ; Vlf mraglcsgtcml pfrifotchef.

Yuf df e'fxtãrcfur, e'mraglcsgtcml d'ulf gssmocgtcml miirf pfut-ëtrf

`mcls df vcschcectã quf ef imlotcmllf`flt d'ulf fltrfprcsf. Fl fiift, efs

`f`hrfs hãlãvmefs du hurfgu smlt lm`hrfux (74) ft efurs imlotcmls smlt

`mcls jcãrgrojcsãfs quf efs dciiãrfltfs imlotcmls fxcstgltfs fl fltrfprcsf.

Gclsc, efs dãocscmls dmcvflt ëtrf prcsfs gprês eg omlofrtgtcml df eg tmtgectã

dfs `f`hrfs, ofoc pfut dmlo rgefltcr ef pgssgaf fl gotf dfs cdãfs.

Df `ë`f, eg dãiclctcml dfs rôefs df ojgoul dfs `f`hrfs du

Hurfgu `ãrctfrgct d'ëtrf oegrcicãf df igáml â of qu'ulf oãsurf smct peus

gppgrfltf fltrf efs dciiãrfltfs imlotcmls, of quc l'fxoeut lc eg pmeyvgeflof

lc eg sylfracf. Ef trgvgce fl ommpãrgtcml fst-ce suiicsg``flt dãiclc fltrf efs

dcvfrs omeeghmrgtfurs ft pgrtflgcrfs = Rfut-ëtrf eg `csscml df ojgoul

pmurrgct ëtrf peus oegcrf`flt dãtfr`clãf fl imlotcml d'ul prmarg``f ãtghec

fl rãulcml df Hurfgu = Emcl df lmus e'cdãf df rf`fttrf fl qufstcml egpfrtclflof df e'mfuvrf df ojgoul ft flomrf `mcls e'clvfstcssf`flt

hãlãvmef df tmus efs `f`hrfs. Df lm`hrfusfs gssmocgtcmls omllgcssflt

ul tfe imlotcmllf`flt quc pfut pgrgìtrf pgrimcs omlius gux yfux df

e'mhsfrvgtfur fxtãrcfur `gcs quc l'fl rfstf pgs `mcls fiicogof sur ef

tfrrgcl.

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Ftglt dmllã quf efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu smlt hãlãvmefs, efs

jmrgcrfs df prãsflof df ofs dfrlcfrs smlt ec`ctãs ft vgrcãs sfeml efs

pfrsmllfs. Fl fiift, ces lf smlt qugsc`flt kg`gcs prãsflts gu emoge df

e'Gssmocgtcml gu `ë`f `m`flt dgls eg sf`gclf. Ofrtgcls d'fltrf fux,

fxfroflt dgls dfs emogux ãoegtãs df e'ulf mu df e'gutrf struoturf. Eg

om`ùlcogtcml fltrf efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu pfut fl ëtrf giifotãf

pucsquf ofeg fxcaf dfs dãpegof`flts pjyscqufs clutcefs. Eg pmsschcectã

dfs gdjãrflts df kmcldrf fl dcrfot mu df rflomltrfr efs `f`hrfs df

e'VDG@ ?? fst pmur ofs dciiãrfltfs rgcsmls ec`ctãf.

Vl sforãtgrcgt om`ùl fltrf e'Fomef df @uscquf ft e'VDG@ ??igocectf ofrtgcls ecfls fltrf efs dfux struoturfs `gcs dcspfrsf ef rôef df

ojgoulf gux yfux du puheco.

_fotcml 8 ; Dfs flkfux clãagef`flt pfráus sfeml efsgotfurs df e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge.

D'ul pmclt df vuf cdãge, e'flsf`hef dfs `f`hrfs df e'Gssmocgtcml

dfvrgcflt sf sfltcr omlofrlãs pmur `flfr â hcfl ef prmkft om`ùl quc

ogrgotãrcsf e'VDG@ ??. Mr, eg pfrtclflof du prmkft imldgtfur sf`hef

pfráuf â dfs jgutfurs vgrcghefs sfeml efs gdjãrflts. Fl fiift, dfs cdãfs

smutflufs sfuef`flt pgr qufequfs pfrsmllfs gurmlt du `ge â sf

dãvfemppfr rgpcdf`flt. E'c`pecogtcml pfrsmllfeef ft e'gdjãscml `mrgef gu

prmkft df e'VDG@ ?? sf`heflt ëtrf dfs omldctcmls lãofssgcrfs pmur

s'goom`mdfr dfs ùtgtcmls fl omurs dgls ef dm`gclf df e'flsfcalf`fltdf eg ùscquf ft rfefvfr efs dãics â vflcr. G dãigut d'ëtrf `mtcvã mu

c`pecquã pfrsmllfeef`flt, ce fst dmlo cldcspflsghef quf ojgoul dfs

gotfurs du `mldf df eg ùscquf gct omlsocflof dfs flkfux df eg

trgls`csscml d'ul sgvmcr-igcrf df qugectã dgls ef dm`gclf ùscoge. Ce

omlvcflt dmlo df rflimrofr eg pfrofptcml df e'utcectã df e'gotcml df e'VDG@

?? guprês df sfs `f`hrfs ft sc pmsschef d'fl omlvgclorf df lmuvfgux.

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_fotcml ? ; Emogecsgtcml aãmargpjcquf ft emoge dfe'Gssmocgtcml.

_ur ef pegl aãmargpjcquf, eg emogecsgtcml df e'Gssmocgtcml â G`hgrêspfut rfprãsfltfr ulf dciicouetã d'gooês. Ofttf vceef l'fst pgs dfssfrvcf pgr

efs trg`s df eg OVH of quc omlstctuf ul mhstgoef omlofrlglt eg orãgtcml df

ieux gutmur du ecfu d'gotcvctã df e'Gssmocgtcml. Ofrtgcls hus pfr`fttflt ulf

goofsschcectã ̀ clfurf ofpfldglt.

E'fltrãf du emoge df e'Gssmocgtcml fst pfu ecschef pmur efs pfrsmllfs

vflglt df e'fxtãrcfur. Ce fst lãofssgcrf df sgvmcr quf of emoge fst om`ùlâ e'Fomef df @uscquf d'G`hgrês. Eg scalgeãtcquf fst ghsfltf. Ef

sforãtgrcgt l'fst cldcquã quf sur eg pmrtf.

Efs dciiãrflts emogux pfr`fttflt ofpfldglt ulf hmllf omjãscml

fltrf ef Rôef Fvgscml Oueturfe ft e'Fomef df @uscquf, efs sgeefs df omurs ft

ef Hurfgu df e'VDG@ ?? ogr o'fst ul ecfu df rflomltrf, df trgvgce fl

om`ùl. Lãgl`mcls, ce pgrrgct smujgctghef quf efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu

pucssflt dcspmsfr d'ul fspgof df trgvgce gicl df sf omlsgorfr gux tèojfs

quc efur smlt gttrchuãfs pfrsmllfeef`flt. E'cdãge sfrgct df pmuvmcr sf rãulcr

dgls ulf sgeef df rflomltrf `gcs gussc df pfr`fttrf moogscmllfeef`flt â

ojgoul df pmuvmcr s'csmefr pmur fiifotufr dfs dã`grojfs quc fxcaflt peus

df omlofltrgtcml.

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_fotcml 4 ; Vlf om`ùlcogtcml fl `glquf df vcschcectã.

Emrs df lmtrf ãtudf sur ef tfrrgcl lmus gvmls omlstgtã ulf pfrtfd'fiicogoctã df e'Gssmocgtcml emrs df sg om`ùlcogtcml flvfrs sfs

gdjãrflts ft pgrtflgcrfs. Fl fiift, ef prclocpge oglge d'climr`gtcmls fst

omlstctuã pgr ef sctf cltfrlft df e'Gssmocgtcml. Vl sctf pgrrgìt fl fiift

cldcspflsghef â tmutf mraglcsgtcml `gcs lf pfut rfprãsfltfr e'cltãargectã df

e'climr`gtcml. Df peus, of sctf euc-`ë`f pgrgìt pfrifotchef pucsqu'ce l'fst `cs

â kmur qu'moogscmllfeef`flt ft lf igct rfssmrtcr quf trmp pfu e'cdfltctã

vcsufeef df e'Gssmocgtcml. Fl fiift, ofrtgclfs ruhrcqufs smlt prãsfltfs sur

ef sctf `gcs lf smlt pgs gec`fltãfs. Rgr fxf`pef, lmus pmuvmls rfarfttfr

e'ghsflof df eg ecstf dfs struoturfs gdjãrfltfs â e'Gssmocgtcml. Efs

gotcvctãs df e'VDG@ ?? smlt feefs suiicsg``flt `csfs fl gvglt = Rgr

gceefurs, ml pmurrgct gpprãocfr ulf ruhrcquf fxpecquglt eg orãgtcml df

e'Gssmocgtcml fl clsorcvglt e'VDG@ ?? dgls ef tf`ps.

Fl mutrf, ce fxcstf d'gutrfs imr`fs df om`ùlcogtcml argtuctfs ft

fiicogofs quc pmurrgcflt ëtrf flvcsgaãfs pgr e'Gssmocgtcml. Lmus

dãtgceefrmls efs smeutcmls prmpmsãfs dgls eg sfomldf pgrtcf.

E'VDG@ ?? smuiirf d'ul `glquf df vcschcectã flvfrs sfs gdjãrflts

`gcs gussc sfs pgrtflgcrfs ft iuturs `f`hrfs. Lmus gvmls omlstgtã quf

ofrtgcls gdjãrflts calmrgcflt efur giicecgtcml â ofttf struoturf. Ofeg `ft fl

ãvcdflof ef dãogegaf fltrf ef prmkft df e'Gssmocgtcml ft sg pfrofptcml pgr

ef puheco.

Ef igchef hudaft dmlt e'VDG@ ?? dcspmsf pmur imlotcmllfr pfut

ëtrf `cs fl ogusf dgls eg pgrt df e'clvfstcssf`flt fl `gtcêrf df

om`ùlcogtcml. E'Gssmocgtcml lf pmssêdf pgs df tfojlcquf df

prmspfotcml, of quc irfclf ef dãvfemppf`flt df sml clieuflof sur ef

dãpgrtf`flt.

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_fotcml 6 ; Vlf imrtf dãpfldglof iclglocêrf.

Coc flomrf, eg qugectã `ë`f d'gssmocgtcml pfut ëtrf omlscdãrãf

om``f pãlgecsgltf. Fl fiift, pmur e'fxfrocof 8278, e'VDG@ ?? fst

iclgloãf pgr eg O@I ft eg I@G â jgutfur df 87% ft 81 % pgr ef Omlsfce

Aãlãrge df eg Acrmldf. _fs rfofttfs prmprfs smlt `gkmrctgcrf`flt

omlstctuãfs dfs omtcsgtcmls dfs gdjãrflts (?8%) ft gutrfs prmducts df

afstcml. Eg pgrt d'gutmiclglof`flt fst-feef suiicsgltf pmur pfr`fttrf â

e'VDG@ ?? d'gssurfr dfs prmkfts d'flvfraurf df `glcêrf gutmlm`f =

_fotcml 9 ; Afstcml df eg rfegtcml gvfo efs gdjãrflts.

Efs `gces rfáus pgr e'Gssmocgtcml sur sg hmctf `gce smlt rfefvãs

fltrf 7 â 8 imcs pgr sf`gclf emrs df e'muvfrturf jfhdm`gdgcrf du

sforãtgrcgt. _fuef eg sforãtgcrf dcspmsf igocef`flt dfs cdfltcicglt ft `mt df

pgssf pfr`fttglt eg rfeêvf du omurrcfr. Ef sforãtgrcgt l'ãtglt muvfrt quf

dfux kmurs pgr sf`gclf, efs rãpmlsfs gttfldufs pfuvflt tgrdfr ft efsgdjãrflts pfuvflt rfarfttfr ul `glquf df rãgotcvctã.

Df peus, ce l'fxcstf pgs rãfeef`flt df sucvc df e'gdjãrflt. E'VDG@

?? l'g pgs df rãfes rftmurs omlofrlglt eg sgtcsigotcml df sfs `f`hrfs

pmur efs sfrvcofs prmpmsãs. E'miirf quf prmpmsf e'Gssmocgtcml quglt â feef

l'fst pgs imroã`flt pfrsmllgecsãf sfeml ef typf d'cltfremoutfur (Fomef df

@uscquf mu flsf`hef clstru`fltge / vmoge dcvfrs). Oft ãeã`flt pmurrgct

ëtrf gpprãocã pgr e'flsf`hef dfs pgrtflgcrfs.

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Ojgpctrf ? ; Vl flvcrmllf`flt fl imrtf ãvmeutcml.

Ojgquf fltrfprcsf (mu gssmocgtcml, peus prãocsã``flt coc), ãvmeuf

sfeml ul omltfxtf quc vgrcf sfeml e'ãpmquf. Ce fst prc``mrdcge d'glgeysfr

e'flvcrmllf`flt aemhge pucsqu'ce clieuflofrg três ofrtgclf`flt efs gotcvctãs

df eg struoturf â ul `m`flt mu â ul gutrf. Ce s'gacrg df `ë`f, df lf pgs

muhecfr d'ãvgeufr eg omlourrflof quc pmurrgct aãlãrfr dfs fiifts lãagtcis

sur e'Gssmocgtcml. Rmur drfssfr ul hcegl df e'flvcrmllf`flt dgls efqufe

e'Gssmocgtcml ãvmeuf, lmus lmus sm``fs gcdãf df eg `ãtjmdf RF_TFE4

gicl df l'muhecfr guoul sfotfur quc pmurrgct gvmcr ulf clieuflof sur e'VDG@

??.

_fotcml 7 ; Ef dcgalmstco df e'flvcrmllf`flt.

g)Efsmppmrtulctãsqufpfutsgcscre'Gssmocgtcml

Lmus mhsfrvmls dfpucs qufequfs glllãfs e'grrcvãf df lm`hrfuxgduetfs dgls ef "ocrouct" df eg prgtcquf clstru`fltgef. Fl fiift, gvfo

e'geeêaf`flt du tf`ps df trgvgce (?6 j), efs gotcis smlt peus lm`hrfux â sf

omlsgorfr â ul emcscr pfrsmllfe. Ml rf`grquf gussc ul dãvfemppf`flt du

amþt pmur e'gotcvctã omeefotcvf. Eg prgtcquf vmogef pgr fxf`pef omrrfspmld

tmut â igct â of prmice d'cldcvcdu.

Rgr gceefurs, arèof â e'gssmupecssf`flt df e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge,efs gduetfs mlt peus smuvflt eg pmsschcectã d'gpprfldrf â kmufr d'ul

clstru`flt tgrdcvf`flt. Fl fiift, gutrfimcs efs struoturfs d'ãduogtcml

ùscogef ec`ctgcflt e'gpprfltcssgaf d'ul clstru`flt gux fliglts kusqu'â ul

ofrtgcl èaf.

4E'glgeysfRF_TFE fst ul mutce utcecsã fl strgtãacf d'fltrfprcsf pmur glgeyfr efs igotfursdu `gorm-flvcrmllf`flt quc pfuvflt rfprãsfltfr dfs mppmrtulctãs mu dfs rcsqufs pmur

ofttf dfrlcêrf. Ofs igotfurs smlt pmectcquf, ãomlm`cquf, smocmoueturfe, flvcrmllf`fltge fteãacsegtci.

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Ce sfrgct dmlo kudcocfux quf e'VDG@ ?? gdgptf sml miirf gux gduetfs

g`gtfurs fl eg pfrsmllgecsglt. Lmus pflsmls quf eg orãgtcml d'ul

flsf`hef vmoge gduetf sfrgct ulf imrùef gpprãocãf pgr efs ãeêvfs

gduetfs.

Rgr gceefurs, lmus mhsfrvmls eg tfldglof gotufeef `grquãf pmur efs

prmkfts grtcstcqufs argld puheco. Fl fiift, df peus fl peus d'ãvãlf`flts

iãdãrãs gooufceeeglt ul lm`hrf fxofptcmllfe d'grtcstfs sur soêlf vmcflt ef

kmur. Ces mlt pmur vmogtcml d'gttcrfr ul puheco omlsãquflt. _ur of orãlfgu

df omlofrts, e'VDG@ ?? g efs ogpgoctãs df sf dã`grqufr. _ml gotcvctã

iãdãrgtrcof fst ul gtmut pmur orãfr â sml tmur dfs ãvãlf`flts d'flvfraurfmu flomrf df aãrfr of typf df prmkfts fl gppmrtglt ulf omltrchutcml rcojf.

_c ef puheco fst ircgld df of typf df spfotgoef, ofeg scalcicf quf

e'Gssmocgtcml acrmldclf dmct goofltufr sfs fiimrts dgls of typf d'gotcvctãs.

Fl mutrf, efs ifstcvges smlt dfs prmkfts quc smlt fl pefclf

ormcssglof. Gotufeef`flt, ojgquf vceef mu prfsquf prmpmsf ojgquf gllãf

â ulf dgtf rãauecêrf ul ifstcvge quc euc fst prmprf. Coc flomrf, e'VDG@ ??agalfrgct â clsãrfr efs prmduotcmls df sfs gdjãrflts rfarmupãs gu sfcl df

ifstcvges acrmldcls mu flomrf pgr`c efs spfotgoefs du ifstcvge MII.

Flsuctf, fl tfr`f d'mppmrtulctã, ml pfut gussc octfr tmus efs

ãvãlf`flts gotufes ft `glcifstgtcmls d'flvfraurf quc sf dãvfemppflt

gutmur dfsqufes ce fst tmukmurs pmsschef df orãfr dfs spfotgoefs fl

pgrgeeêef (dãpgrt fl rftrgctf d'ul ojfi d'mrojfstrf df rflm` pgr fxf`pef).Ef kuhceãf d'Fecglf Egvgce fst ul hml fxf`pef df prmkft â vmogtcml df

rfarmupf`flt. Fl fiift, peus df 322 ojmrcstfs ft ùscocfls ãtgcflt

prãsflts sur eg soêlf df eg Rgtclmcrf df Hmrdfgux ef _g`fdc 76

Dãof`hrf dfrlcfr gicl d'cltfrprãtfr ef Xfqucf` df Hfrecmz â e'moogscml dfs

62 gls df ogrrcêrf df ofttf ojfi df ojmfur, icaurf du ojglt ojmrge gquctgcl.

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h)Efs`flgofsqucpmurrgcfltgiigchecre'VDG@??

E'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge dfs ãomefs prc`gcrfs ft omeeêafs tfld â sf

`mdcicfr ft pmurrgct omlourrflofr e'Gssmocgtcml omlofrlglt eg prgtcquf df

ùscqufs gotufeefs fl pgrtcouecfr. Fl fiift, ofrtgcls flsfcalglts clctcflt â

prãsflt efs ãeêvfs gux prgtcqufs d'flsf`hef, eg peupgrt du tf`ps pgr ef

hcgcs df e'gpprfltcssgaf df eg hgttfrcf ft df eg auctgrf. Df `ë`f, dfs

rfarmupf`flts df ojmfurs d'fliglts smlt `cs fl pegof pgr dfs

flsfcalglts du sfomld dfarãs. E'VDG@ ?? pfut ëtrf ãogrtãf dfs prmkfts

ùtugecsãs quc smlt ef igct df e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef fxoeuscvf`flt. Fl

rfvglojf, feef pfut ëtrf â e'mrcaclf d'ãvãlf`flts â prmpmsfr â e'Clspfotcml

Gogdã`cquf mu gu Xfotmrgt.

Rgr gceefurs, lmus omlstgtmls quf e'gotcvctã df struoturfs tfeefs quf

ef Omlsfrvgtmcrf df Hmrdfgux Kgoqufs Tjchgud mu e'Mpãrg Lgtcmlge df

Hmrdfgux gclsc quf e'Gudctmrcu` sf pgssflt df sfrvcofs d'mraglcs`fs

iãdãrgtfurs om``f e'VDG@ ??. Fl fiift, feefs dcspmsflt df suiicsg``flt

df `myfls iclglocfrs ft ju`gcls cldcvcdufeef`flt pmur `fttrf fl pegof

tmutf smrtfs df `glcifstgtcmls oueturfeefs. Rmur of typf df struoturf,

e'gdjãscml â e'VDG@ ?? fst supfrieuf. Gussc feefs dcspmsflt df efur prmprf

sfrvcof df om`ùlcogtcml pmur dciiusfr ft `fttrf fl gvglt efurs

prmduotcmls. E'VDG@ ?? ft sfs pftctfs struoturfs pfuvflt-feefs igcrf ef

pmcds `ë`f rgssf`heãfs igof â of typf d'clstctutcmls quc mooupflt ef

dfvglt df eg soêlf hmrdfegcsf ft quc smlt gptfs â rgymllfr sur tmutf

e'Gquctgclf =

Gussc, ce fst c`pmrtglt d'ãvmqufr efs rfstrcotcmls dfs omeefotcvctãs

tfrrctmrcgefs omlofrlglt efs hudafts ft efs sm``fs gttrchuãfs gu sfotfur

df eg oueturf. Fl fiift, emrs df dciicouetãs iclglocêrfs, efs `gcrcfs ft gutrfs

struoturfs d'Ftgt ec`ctflt efs dãpflsfs dgls efs sfotfurs efs peus

sfomldgcrfs â eg hmllf `grojf d'ulf ùlcocpgectã. Dgls of omltfxtf eâ,

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e'VDG@ ?? rcsqufrgct d'ëtrf eãsãf dgls e'gttrchutcml df sfs suvfltcmls fl

prmvflglof du Omlsfce Aãlãrge df eg Acrmldf.

_fotcml 8 ; Eg omlourrflof.

g)Egomlourrflofdcrfotf

Fl tfr`f df omlourrflof dcrfotf, ce fxcstf ul mraglcs`f iãdãrgtfur

dfs Fomefs df @uscquf fl Acrmldf lm``ã VDF@ ?? (Vlcml

Dãpgrtf`fltgefs dfs Fomefs df ùscquf df eg Acrmldf). Ofttfmraglcsgtcml rgssf`hef 716 struoturfs spãocgecsãfs dgls e'flsfcalf`flt

df eg ùscquf smct ?222 ãeêvfs. E'VDF@ ?? g ãtã imldãf fl 73:? smus

e'c`puescml df qufequfs Fomefs df @uscquf acrmldclfs tfeefs quf Hêaefs,

Heglqufimrt, Hruafs, Oflml, Ef Hmusogt ft Rfssgo. E'VDF@ ?? g

dciiãrflts mhkfotcis ;

•

Mraglcsfr dfs omlofrts ft stgafs ùscogux gicl df dãvfemppfr efsprgtcqufs grtcstcqufs omeefotcvfs.

• Dãvfemppfr efs ogpgoctãs pfrsmllfeefs dfs ãeêvfs pgr ef hcgcs df eg

pgrtcocpgtcml â e'Mrojfstrf _y`pjmlcquf dfs Kfulfs df e'VDF@ ??

(omlofltrgtcml, ãomutf ) gclsc quf efur oueturf grtcstcquf.

•

@fttrf fl pegof dfs stgafs df imr`gtcml mu df pfrifotcmllf`flt âe'cltfltcml dfs flsfcalglts.

• Dãifldrf dfs cltãrëts om`ùls â tmutfs efs struoutrfs gdjãrfltfs.

• Mraglcsfr dfs fxg`fls ofltrgecsãs gicl df ig`cecgrcsfr efs ãeêvfs â

eg prãsfltgtcml df efur trgvgce igof â ul kury.

6Ojciirfs fxtrgcts du sctf cltfrlft df e'VDF@ ??.

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• Omlsfceefr efs struoturfs gdjãrfltfs gicl d–gcdfr â rãaefr efs dcvfrs

prmheê`fs quf pmsf ef imlotcmllf`flt lmr`ge d'ulf struoturf

d'flsfcalf`flt grtcstcquf.

• Xãpgrtcr efs suhvfltcmls gttrchuãfs â e'VDF@ ??.

Ef `mltglt df eg omtcsgtcml gllufeef s'clsorct dgls ulf imurojfttf df 724 ₥

â 462 ₥ sfeml eg tgceef df eg struoturf df imr`gtcml ùscogef.

Gtmuts df e'VDF@ ??

E'mhkfotci df oft mraglcs`f fst eg omjãscml ùscogef mptc`gef gu

sfcl du dãpgrtf`flt. Ce `ft fl gvglt e'c`pmrtglof df eg imr`gtcml

grtcstcquf fl tglt qu'ãeã`flt ãduogtci fl vuf df e'clvfstcssf`flt dfs

kfulfs dgls lmtrf smocãtã fl ùtgtcml.

Lãgl`mcls, omltrgcrf`flt â e'VDG@ ??, oft mraglcs`f-oc iãdêrf

tmus typfs df struoturfs ft of, dgls ulf argldf dcvfrsctã df aflrfs

grtcstcqufs. Feef igct dmlo prfuvrf d'ulf ofrtgclf pmeyvgeflof pucsqu'feef

gooufceef gussc dfs gssmocgtcmls d'flsfcalf`flt df eg dglsf ft dfs grts

drg`gtcqufs.

E'VDF@ ?? `ft fl gvglt sfs gotcmls pgr ul sctf wfh hcfl

rãiãrfloã ft fltrftflu.

Oft mraglcs`f g `cs fl pegof ul Mrojfstrf _y`pjmlcquf dfpucs

7336 gvfo peus df 92 ùscocfls. Ces mlt pgr gceefurs flrfacstrã 4 ODs ft

fiifotuã dfs ãojglafs cltfrlgtcmlgux.

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E'VDF@ ?? fst giicecãf â eg IIF@ (Iãdãrgtcml Irglágcsf df

e'Flsfcalf`flt @uscoge) ft igct hãlãicocfr pgr of hcgcs sfs gdjãrflts df

lm`hrfux gvgltgafs iclglocfrs d'ulf pgrt ft df pgrtflgrcgts prããtghecs

d'gutrf pgrt ;

• ??% df rãduotcml sur efs drmcts _.F.G.@ (_mocãtã dfs Ãdctfurs ft

Gutfurs df @uscquf).

• 72% df rãduotcml sur efs drmcts _.G.O.F.@ (_mocãtã dfs Gutfurs,

Om`pmsctfurs ft Ãdctfurs df @uscquf).

• Vlf tgrcicogtcml gvgltgafusf pmur dfs prmducts d'gssurglof (omltrgt

IIF@ / @GCI).

• Vlf rfprãsfltgtcml furmpãfllf (eg IIF@ fst `f`hrf imldgtrcof

df e'F@V (Vlcml Furmpãfllf dfs Fomefs df @uscquf).

• Vl pgrtflgrcgt gvfo e'MIGK (Miicof Irglom-Geef`gld pmur egKfulfssf). Ce pfr`ft ojgquf gllãf dfs mpãrgtcmls d'ãojglafs

oueturfes ft ùscogux gvfo e'Geef`galf, fl gppmrtglt ulf gcdf

iclglocêrf.

Glgeysf du sctf cltfrlft df e'VDF@ ??

Ef sctf wfh df e'VDF@ ?? dcspmsf d'ulf ruhrcquf omlofrlglt efsmiirfs d'f`pemc du sfotfur df eg ùscquf. Eg ecstf dfs ãomefs gdjãrfltfs

fst pgr gceefurs dcspmlchef sur ef sctf. Efs imr`gtcmls prmpmsãfs gux

flsfcalglts smlt dãtgceeãfs. Ef sctf dcspmsf gussc d'ul pegl quc vcsf â

oegrcicfr sml mraglcsgtcml ft sml omltflu. Lmus pmuvmls ãagef`flt gvmcr

ul gpfráu df dciiãrflts grtcoefs df prfssf gu sukft df e'VDF@ ?? quc

`fttflt fl gvglt sg lmtmrcãtã. Fl mutrf, ef sctf omltcflt ul fspgof

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gdjãrflt goofsschef sfuef`flt arèof â dfs cdfltcicglts ft `mt df pgssf.

Vl imrùegcrf d'gdjãscml â e'gssmocgtcml y fst dcspmlchef.

Lmus pmuvmls omlstgtfr quf e'VDF@ ?? ft e'VDG@ ?? mlt dfs

mhkfotcis sc`cegcrfs. D'gceefurs, ofrtgclfs Fomefs df @uscquf du

dãpgrtf`flt smlt gdjãrfltfs gux dfux struoturfs iãdãrgtrcofs. Ce s'gacrg

pmur e'VDG@ ?? df sf dã`grqufr df ofttf omlourrflof fl dcvfrscicglt sfs

gotcvctãs, mu fl prmpmsglt ulf omtcsgtcml â ul `mcldrf prcx.

h)Egomlourrflofcldcrfotfdfe'VDG@??

7 ) Ef _G@VR

Vlf struoturf quf lmus pmurrcmls omlscdãrfr om``f eg

omlourrflof cldcrfotf df e'Gssmocgtcml dgls egqufeef lmus fiifotumls lmtrf

ãtudf fst ef _G@VR ; Dãiflsfur dfs grtcstfs, ùscocfls, dglsfurs,

ojgltfurs ft flsfcalglts df Irglof. Imldã fl @gc 7327 pgr Austgvf

Ojgrpfltcfr, o'fst ef peus glocfl syldcogt d'grtcstfs. Ef "syldcogt dfsgrtcstfs-cltfrprêtfs ft flsfcalglts df eg ùscquf ft df eg dglsf df Rgrcs

Cef df Irglof" fst ul gdjãrflt imldgtfur df ef Iãdãrgtcml Lgtcmlgef

_G@VR. Ofttf dfrlcêrf l'fst rgttgojãf â guoulf omliãdãrgtcml, ce s'gact

d'ul syldcogt cldãpfldglt. _fs gdjãrflts smlt gu lm`hrf df ?9129.

Ef _G@VR fst ul ecfu df dãhgts ft df rãiefxcml. Ojgquf

prmpmsctcml fst dcsoutãf fl Omlsfce _yldcoge. Efs gotfurs df oft

mraglcs`f smlt omlscdãrãs om``f dfs `cectglts quc gacssflt tmukmurs

dgls ef hut df prmtãafr efs cltãrëts df tmus. Ces mfuvrflt gicl df

dãvfemppfr e'gooãs â e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge ft ojmrãargpjcquf pmur tmus.

Ces tfltflt d'f`pãojfr quf dfs tfxtfs quc pmurrgcflt lucrf â ofttf

ogtãamrcf df trgvgceefurs smcflt vmtãs pgr ef amuvfrlf`flt.

9 Ojciirfs fxtrgcts du sctf cltfrlft df eg _G@VR.

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E'mraglcs`f mfuvrf pmur g`ãecmrfr eg vcf ùscogef ft

ojmrãagpjcquf gutglt omlofrlglt efs mraglcs`fs puhecos quf prcvãs ft

gussc â ul lcvfgu cltfrlgtcmlge pucsqu'feef gact fl ecfl gvfo eg Iãdãrgtcml

Cltfrlgtcmlgef dfs @uscocfls.

Reus prãocsã`flt, efs gotfurs du _G@VR ;

• lãamocflt efs omldctcmls d'gooês â eg omuvfrturf smocgef dfs grtcstfs

ft flsfcalglts.

• lãamocflt dfs goomrds omeefotcis pmur rãaef`fltfr efs omldctcmls

d'f`pemc dfs grtcstfs pfr`glflts ft cltfr`cttflts gclsc qu'ulf

`fceefurf icsogectã.

• omlsfceeflt efs gdjãrflts emrs df prmoãdurfs kudcocgcrfs ft

gd`clcstrgtcvfs.

• prmtêaflt efs drmcts dfs grtcstfs omlofrlglt eg rãutcecsgtcml df efurs

flrfacstrf`flts smlmrfs ft gudcmvcsufes.

8) E'CDDGO- Gaflof Oueturfeef

E'CDDGO (Clstctut Dãpgrtf`fltge df Dãvfemppf`flt Grtcstcquf ft

Oueturfe) - Gaflof oueturfeef df eg Acrmldf pfut ãagef`flt rfprãsfltfr

ulf imrof omlourrfltcfeef pmur e'Gssmocgtcml iãdãrgtrcof df struoturfs

ùscogefs. Fl fiift, oft mraglcs`f quc dãpfld du Omlsfce Aãlãrge df eg

Acrmldf g ulf gotcvctã sc`cegcrf â ofeef e'VDG@ ?? ; e'goom`pgalf`flt dfs

gotfurs oueturfes dgls eg `csf fl mfuvrf df efurs prmkfts. Ce igvmrcsf pgr gceefurs e'goofsschcectã dfs puhecos â e'grt dgls tmus efs dm`gclfs.

Gtmuts df e'CDDGO - Gaflof Oueturfeef df eg Acrmldf

• Oft mraglcs`f sf pmsctcmllf gu omfur dfs pmectcqufs puhecqufs

tfrrctmrcgefs dãpgrtf`fltgefs.

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• E'CDDGO fst dãkâ â e'mrcaclf df lm`hrfusfs gotcvctãs grtcstcqufs

acrmldclfs ft gact fl omeeghmrgtcml gvfo dfs pgrtflgcrfs lm`hrfux.

•

Ce dcspmsf d'ul ofltrf df rfssmurofs dmou`fltgcrfs ft d'mutcesvgrcãs pfr`fttglt ef pgrtgaf d'climr`gtcmls.

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Tghefgu l²7 ; Xãogpctuegtci _QMT1 df e'VDG@ ??:

(glgeysf df e'Gssmocgtcml)

Imrofs Igchefssfs

Rrmkft g`hctcfux ft cllmvglt. Mraglcsgtcml pfrifotchef omlofrlgltefs rôefs prãocs df ojgquf `f`hrf

du Hurfgu.

Imlotcml climr`gtcvf c`pmrtgltf sur ef dãpgrtf`flt.

Emogecsgtcml aãmargpjcquf ul pfufxofltrãf.

Gssmocgtcml muvfrtf sur e'fxtãrcfur. Emoge dciicocef`flt rfpãrghef sur efecfu d'gotcvctã.

Gotcvctãs fl omeeghmrgtcml gvfo dflm`hrfux pgrtflgcrfs. Om`ùlcogtcml dfs gotcvctãs dfe'Gssmocgtcml trmp pfu vcschef.

Gooufce df qugectã ft ogpgoctãsrfegtcmllfeefs ofrtgclfs.

Imrtf dãpfldglof iclglocêrf dfssuhvfltcmls puhecqufs.

Miirf df sfrvcofs vgrcãf. @glquf df omltgot gvfo efsgdjãrflts (afstcml pfrifotchef df eg

rfegtcml gvfo efs `f`hrfs ftprmspfots).

Giicecgtcml â eg O@I ft I@Gsãourcsgltf pmur efs gdjãrflts.

Cdfltctã vcsufeef â g`ãecmrfr

1_QMT ; "_trflajs, Qfgnlfssfs, Mppmrtulctcfs, Tjrfgts" ; ofeg rfprãsfltf e'glgeysf dfe'fltrfprcsf (sfs imrofs ft sfs igchefssfs) gclsc quf e'ãvgeugtcml df e'flvcrmllf`flt fl

tfr`f d'mppmrtulctãs ft `flgofs pmur efs gotcvctãs df eg struoturf.: Tghefgu rãgecsã pgr lms smcls.

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Tghefgu l²8 ; Xãogpctuegtci _QMT df e'VDG@ ?? 3

(glgeysf df e'flvcrmllf`flt)

Mppmrtulctãs @flgofs

Ef orãlfgu dfs gduetfs g`gtfursfst â dãvfemppfr.

Trglsimr`gtcml df e'flsfcalf`fltùscoge df e'Fduogtcml @uscogefsomegcrf quc tfld â omlquãrcr efsfotfur d'gotcvctã df e'VDG@ ??.

Rrmkfts d'flvfraurf df peus fl peus

lm`hrfux, e'VDG@ ?? g df peus flpeus d'moogscmls df iãdãrfr dfs

prmkfts grtcstcqufs om`ùls.

Df lm`hrfusfs struoturfs l'mlt

pgs hfsmcl df e'gcdf df e'VDG@ ??sur ef dãpgrtf`flt.

VDG@ ?? fst gu ofltrf d'ul pôef

oueturfe omlstctuã df e'Fomef dfùscquf d'G`hgrês ft du RôefFvgscml Oueturfe ; `gcltflcr efs

rfegtcmls gvfo ojgoul dfs gotfursgicl df dãvfemppfr dfs prmkfts

ùtugecsãs.

Omlourrflof c`pmrtgltf df eg pgrtd'mraglcs`fs tfes quf e'VDF@ ?? ef_G@VR ft e'CDDGO.

Cltãrët â dãvfemppfr eg oueturf

gssmocgtcvf ft efs vgefursiãdãrgecstfs.

Tfldglof gux rfstrcotcmls

hudaãtgcrfs dfs omeefotcvctãstfrrctmrcgefs ft gutrfs mraglcs`fs

iclglofurs.

3Tghefgu rãgecsã pgr lms smcls.

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DFVZCF@F RGXTCF ;

_MEVTCML_ ;

OM@@FLT OXFFX EF_ OMLDCTCML_

D'VLF OM@@VLCOGTCML FIICOGOF =

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CLTXMDVOTCML G EG DFVZCF@F RGXTCF

Gppgrgìtrf utcef gux gdjãrflts fst, pmur e'VDG@ ?? ul igotfur oeã

df suooês. _gls ofeg, e'Gssmocgtcml rcsquf df pfrdrf sfs pgrtflgcrfs ft

gclsc d'g`mcldrcr efs moogscmls df orãfr dfs prmkfts iãdãrgtfurs. Ce fst

dmlo cldcspflsghef df trmuvfr ul `myfl fiicogof df igcrf pgrefr df eg

struoturf ft df `fttrf fl gvglt sfs gotcmls guprês dfs gdjãrflts. Fl

fiift, ce fst prc`mrdcge quf e'VDG@ ?? fxfrof ulf om`ùlcogtcml gotcvf ft

pgrtcouecêrf`flt vcschef gicl df igcrf pfrdurfr sfs gotcvctãs sur ef emla

tfr`f.

Lmus lmus sm``fs cltfrrmaãf sur efs dciiãrflts `myfls df

om`ùlcqufr df eg `glcêrf eg peus fiicogof pmsschef. Lmus gvmls gemrs

trgvgceeã sucvglt efs ãtgpfs prãomlcsãfs pgr ul pegl df om`ùlcogtcml quf

lmus smujgctmls `fttrf fl prgtcquf pmur e'gotcvctã df e'Gssmocgtcml.

Tmut d'ghmrd, ce s'gact df rãgecsfr ulf mhsfrvgtcml aemhgef df e'ãtgtgotufe df eg om`ùlcogtcml df e'VDG@ ?? pmur flsuctf e'glgeysfr. Of

dcgalmstco g dãkg ãtã fiifotuã (oi pgrtcf C).

Ce fst flsuctf lãofssgcrf df ojmcscr dfs mhkfotcis prãocs ft qugltcicãs

fl tfr`f df rãsuetgts. Wu'gttfldmls-lmus df ofttf og`pgalf df

om`ùlcogtcml =

Gprês, ce fst cldcspflsghef df dãiclcr efs ochefs df lmtrf gotcml gclsc

quf ef `fssgaf quf lmus smujgctmls `fttrf fl gvglt. Lmus ãtudcfrmls

gemrs efs gxfs orãgtcis df eg aemhgectã df eg og`pgalf, o'fst-â-dcrf

om``flt pmuvmls-lmus orãfr ulf om`ùlcogtcml gttrgygltf ft oegcrf

omlofrlglt ul `fssgaf quf e'ml pmurrg rftflcr igocef`flt =

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Fl imlotcml dfs rãpmlsfs â ofs dciiãrfltfs ãtgpfs, lmus ojmcscrmls

efs dcspmsctcis â gdmptfr fl tfr`f d'mutces df om`ùlcogtcml quc sfrmlt efs

peus pfrtclflts. Lmus pmurrmls ãvmqufr ul pegllcla d'gotcml ft ãtghecr ul

hudaft `ë`f sc ofs dfux dmllãfs lf pmurrmlt ëtrf ãvgeuãfs fl

prmimldfur gu vu df eg spãocicoctã du typf df struoturf.

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Ojgpctrf 7 ; Cdfltcicfr ft oegssfr efscltfremoutfurs pmur omllgctrf efurs hfsmcls.

Rmur gttfcldrf fiicogof`flt efs pfrsmllfs omlofrlãfs pgr lmtrf

`fssgaf, lmus dfvmls tmut d'ghmrd dãiclcr gvfo prãocscml ef typf df

pmpuegtcml omlofrlãf pgr ofeuc-oc. Lmus pmurrmls ojmcscr gemrs ef typf df

om`ùlcogtcml ef peus pfrtclflt, o'fst â dcrf e'mutce ef peus floecl â

omlofrlfr efs pfrsmllfs vcsãfs. Rgr gceefurs, efs hgsfs df eg afstcml df eg

rfegtcml oecflts fxcaf ef oegssf`flt dfs dmllãfs gicl df dcspmsfr d'ulf

utcecsgtcml mptc`gef df lms omltgots pgr eg suctf.

_fotcml 7 ; Dãtfr`clfr eg ochef df lmtrf gotcml dfom`ùlcogtcml.

E'mhkfotci df e'VDG@ ?? fst d'goormìtrf sg vcschcectã aemhgef `gcs

surtmut guprês df sfs gdjãrflts.

Omlofrlglt eg ochef, lmus lf pmuvmls pgs dãagafr df

ogrgotãrcstcqufs smocm-dã`margpjcqufs prãocsfs om``f efs ogtãamrcfs

smocm-prmifsscmllfeefs mu dfs trglojfs d'èaf dãtfr`clãfs. Efs sfuefs

fxcaflofs smlt ef igct df rãscdfr fl Acrmldf ft d'gvmcr ul ecfl gvfo tmut

typf df prgtcquf ùscogef.

Ce fst `gcltflglt cldcspflsghef d'cdfltcicfr efs `mtcvgtcmls ft efs

irfcls dfs ùscocfls â dfvflcr gdjãrflts df e'Gssmocgtcml.

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@mtcvgtcmls;

Fl gdjãrglt â e'VDG@ ??, eg pfrsmllf vg s'cltrmducrf dgls ul

rãsfgu om`pmsã df ùscocfls df tmus typfs. Ce gurg gclsc e'moogscml

d'ãojglafr gvfo dfs cldcvcdus pgsscmllãs pgr ef `ë`f ulcvfrs.

E'gdjãrflt hãlãicocfrg d'climr`gtcmls fl omltclu om``f ;

• efs ogefldrcfrs ft `mdgectãs d'fxg`fls.

• dfs ãvãlf`flts ùscogux dgls sml dãpgrtf`flt.

• eg vfltf d'clstru`flts df ùscquf.

• Efs pmstfs d'flsfcalglts df ùscquf â pmurvmcr dgls df ef

sfotfur.

Flicl, efs gdjãrflts rfofvrmlt dfs climr`gtcmls gicl df sf imr`fr fl

omltclu, qu'ces smcflt ãeêvfs mu prmifssfurs. Efs stgafs ft imr`gtcmls

prmpmsãfs smlt vgrcãfs ft `fttrmlt gclsc efs `f`hrfs fl omltgot gvfo efs

rãsfgux grtcstcqufs hmrdfegcs df imr`gtcml om``f ef OFIFDF@.

Irfcls ;

Ef prcx pfut tmukmurs ëtrf ul mhstgoef â eg smusorcptcml d'ulf

gdjãscml. Ofeef- oc s'ãeêvf â 77 ₥ pgr pfrsmllf. _c ulf struoturf fst

om`pmsãf df :2 pfrsmllfs (pfrsmllfe ft ãeêvfs om`prcs), ml ùetcpecf

ofttf sm``f pgr :2.

Df peus, pgr ef `glquf df dciiuscml d'climr`gtcmls dmlt smuiirf

e'Gssmocgtcml, e'gdjãrflt pmtfltcfe pfut dmutfr df sml utcectã mu df sml

fiicogoctã. Fl fiift, tglt qu'ce l'g kg`gcs smusorct, ef oecflt pmtfltcfe lf

dcspmsf quf df trmp pfu d'climr`gtcmls sur efs sfrvcofs qu'ce pfut gttfldrf.

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_fotcml 8 ; Xfojfrojf d'climr`gtcmls sur efsgdjãrflts fl vuf df dãtfr`clfr ul prmice df prmspfot.

Gicl df tmuojfr eg ochef df lmtrf om`ùlcogtcml, ce fst cldcspflsghef

df dcspmsfr d'climr`gtcmls eg omlofrlglt ;

• Ef lm` df ojgquf flsfcalglt df eg struoturf.

• Ef mu efs prgtcquf(s) ùscogef(s) flsfcalãf(s) pgr ojgoul.

• Efs ommrdmllãfs (gdrfssf pmstgef, lu`ãrm df tãeãpjmlf, gdrfssf

`gce).

Lmus gvmls gemrs ãtã g`flãf â ãtghecr ulf hgsf df dmllãfs

omlsãqufltf. Rmur ofeg, lmus gvmls prmoãdã â dcvfrsfs `ãtjmdfs pmur

rfoufceecr df e'climr`gtcml sur efs gdjãrflts.

Tmut d'ghmrd lmus gvmls fiifotuã dfs rfojfrojfs sur cltfrlft.

Lmus gvmls omlsuetã ef sctf wfh df ojgquf ãomef df ùscquf gdjãrfltf â

e'VDG@ ?? gicl df trmuvfr ef lm` df sfs prmifssfurs gclsc quf eg prgtcqufùscogef qu'ces flsfcalflt. Ofrtgclfs rfquëtfs rfstglt pgrimcs sgls

suooês, lmus gvmls ojmcsc df ojglafr df `ãtjmdf df rfojfrojf. Lmus

gvmls gemrs dãocdã df kmcldrf pgr tãeãpjmlf ojgquf dcrfotfur d'Fomef df

@uscquf gicl df euc df`gldfr efs dmllãfs fl dcrfot. Dgls ef hut df

rfofvmcr ul `fceefur gooufce, lmus gvmls flvmyã ul `gce â ojgoul gvglt

df dãhutfr efs gppfes tãeãpjmlcqufs. Fl fiift, lmus sgvmls qu'fl aãlãrge,

ulf pfrsmllf rãpmld peus igvmrghef`flt â dfs qufstcmls emrsqu'feef ggupgrgvglt prcs omllgcssglof df e'mhkfotci df e'flquëtf. Ofoc fst ulf

prf`cêrf ãtgpf df `csf fl omlicglof df e'cltfremoutfur.

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Ef pjmlcla

Ú Om``flt gvmls-lmus prmoãdã=

Wufequfs gstuofs utcecsãfs emrs dfs gppfes gicl d'cltãrfssfr

e'cltfremoutfur, pmur qu'ce sf sfltf omlofrlã pgr lmtrf gppfe.

• Cltrmducrf e'gppfe pgr ; "Lmus vmus gvmls flvmyã ul `gce, e'gvfz

vmus rfáu = "

Gclsc, e'cltfremoutfur fst dcrfotf`flt c`pecquã dgls eg omlvfrsgtcml.

Fl ogs df rãpmlsf lãagtcvf, ce pfut gvmcr ef sfltc`flt df pfrtf df

omltrôef df eg omlvfrsgtcml ft vmuemcr s'cltãrfssfr gu sukft df egdf`gldf pmur pmuvmcr ef `gìtrcsfr. Lãgl`mcls ce y ul rcsquf df

pfrtf df omlicglof df eg pgrt df e'cltfremoutfur quc pfut omlscdãrfr

eg rfquëtf om``f ulf pfrtf df tf`ps mu ulf df`gldf suspfotf.

• F`pemc du "Lmus" ; Lmus pgremls gu lm` df e'Gssmocgtcml fltcêrf.

Ofeg igct pflsfr â ulf df`gldf c`pmrtgltf, lf prmvflglt pgs

sfuef`flt d'ulf pfrsmllf `gcs peutôt d'ul gotfur rfprãsfltglt ulffltctã. Ce s'gact hcfl df e'Gssmocgtcml fltcêrf quc rfqucfrt ofttf

climr`gtcml dmlo ce sf dãagaf ulf smrtf df omlimr`ctã ft df

ogrgotêrf miicocfe df eg rfquëtf.

Ú Efs dciicouetãs guxqufeefs lmus gvmls ãtã omlirmltãfs ;

•

Ojglaf`flt df dcrfotfur df e'Fomef df @uscquf.• Dcrfotfur clkmcalghef ft ghsflof df sforãtgrcgt pmur egcssfr ul

`fssgaf.

• Cldcspmlchcectã (dcrfotfur fl gotcvctã pãdgamacquf `gcs gvfo

pmsschcectã df omltgot uetãrcfur pgr ef hcgcs mu lml d'ul sforãtgrcgt).

• Ef dcrfotfur lmus giicr`f flvmyfr eg ecstf dfs ommrdmllãfs pgr `gce,

of qu'ce lf igct pgs pgr eg suctf.

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• Ef dcrfotfur rfiusf df om`ùlcqufr efs ommrdmllãfs dfs

prmifssfurs sgls efur goomrd.

⇘ rgppfefr smus 76 kmurs/ â ulf dgtf prãocsf gprês ef Omlsfce

d'Gd`clcstrgtcml durglt efqufe ef Dcrfotfur gurg `fltcmllã lmtrf

rfquëtf.

⇘ ef dcrfotfur giicr`f lmus rfomltgotfr gprês gvmcr df`gldã e'goomrd

df sfs omeeêaufs.

⇘ Ef dcrfotfur df`gldf eg rãdgotcml d'ul `gce â trgls`fttrf gux

pfrsmllfs omlofrlãfs.

⇘ lmus rfomltgotfrg gprês efur rãpmlsf.

• Ef dcrfotfur fst mooupã, ce smujgctf lmus rgppfefr qugld ce gurg eu ef

prf`cfr `gce quf lmus euc gvmls flvmyã. Of dfrlcfr gvfrtcssgct

sfuef`flt df e'gppfe `gcs lf omltcflt pgs ef omltflu df lmtrf

gppfe.

• Ef dcrfotfur lmus dcotf â e'mrge eg ecstf fltcêrf, eg rãpmlsf fst

gssurãf ft rgpcdf, ofpfldglt ce y ul peus argld rcsquf df igcrf dfs

igutfs durglt eg prcsf df lmtfs surtmut omlofrlglt efs gdrfssfs

`gce.

• Lms cltfremoutfurs quc imlt pgrtcf df pftctfs struoturfs smlt

rgrf`flt prãsflts gu sfcl df efur emoge, ft emrsquf lmus dcspmsmls

sfuef`flt du tãeãpjmlf icxf, ce fst dciicocef df efs kmcldrf.

• Ofrtgcls gdjãrflts mlt prmictã df e'moogscml d'ëtrf fl omltgot gvfo

ul `f`hrf df e'VDG@ ?? pmur pgrefr df sukfts fxtãrcfurs â lmtrf

rfquëtf pfrsmllfeef. Ofrtgcls pmsgcflt dfs qufstcmls guxqufeefs

lmus lf sgvcmls pgs rãpmldrf dgls e'c``ãdcgt, of quc rcsqugct dflmus `fttrf dgls ulf pmsctcml dãecogtf. Rgr gceefurs, sc ofeg

omlstctugct dfs pegcltfs (omlofrlglt efs omtcsgtcmls, efs

rf`hmursf`flts dfs sucvcs df imr`gtcml fto,...) ofeg efs rfldgct pfu

floecls â rãpmldrf â lms qufstcmls.

• Rrmheê`f sc lmtrf `gce fst omlscdãrã om``f ul spg` ; ce l'fst pgs

gutmrcsã pgr eg hmctf `gce, e'cltfremoutfur l'g dmlo pgs pu ëtrf

prãvflu df lmtrf gppfe.

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• Gprês gvmcr lãamocã dciicocef`flt pmur mhtflcr efs gdrfssfs `gce, ce

fst dãecogt df df`gldfr peus d'climr`gtcmls. Ef rcsquf fst quf

e'gdjãrflt dmutf df eg icghcectã df sml cltfremoutfur ft dfvcfllf

`ãicglt. Ce pfut pgr omlsãquflt rfiusfr iclgef`flt df om`ùlcqufr

efs climr`gtcmls quc lmus cltãrfssflt.

• Eg vmemltã du dcrfotfur df trgls`fttrf euc-`ë`f efs climr`gtcmls â

sfs omeeêaufs df orgcltf d'ëtrf dãpmssãdã du pmuvmcr df

trgls`csscml df e'climr`gtcml â sfs suhmrdmllãs.

_fotcml ? ; Oegssf`flt dfs rãpmlsfs rfoufceecfs.

Omlofrlglt ef oegssf`flt dfs climr`gtcmls, lmus gvmls fiifotuã

dfux ecstfs dciiãrfltfs gicl df rgoomurocr ef tf`ps df rfojfrojf fl imlotcml

dfs hfsmcls ;

• ulf ãtudf hgsãf surtmut sur eg zmlf aãmargpjcquf.

•

ulf ãtudf hgsãf peutôt sur e'gspfot grtcstcquf.

Eg prf`cêrf g fl fiift, ãtã trcãf sfeml eg vceef df e'Fomef df @uscquf.

Eg sfomldf g, feef, ãtã oegssãf sfeml eg prgtcquf ùscogef flsfcalãf pgr

ojgquf prmifssfur. Fl fiift, omlofrlglt ul prmkft rfarmupglt dfs

ùscocfls du lmrd df eg Acrmldf, ce fst cltãrfssglt ft peus rgpcdf df

rfojfrojfr efs prmifssfurs sfeml efur vceef. D'gutrf pgrt, pmur ul prmkft

rfarmupglt efs ùscocfls d'ul `ë`f typf (ul stgaf df pcglm pgr fxf`pefmu flomrf ul gtfecfr df ùscquf gotufeef), efur prmvflglof c`pmrtf pfu,

o'fst ef orctêrf qugectgtci df eg prgtcquf ùscogef quc fst prcs fl om`ptf

dgls eg rfojfrojf. Ofeg eg sc`pecicf omlscdãrghef`flt dgls ef ogs mó sfues

efs prmifssfurs d'ul clstru`flt smlt omlofrlãs pgr ul ãvãlf`flt.

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Ojgpctrf 8 ; Gotcvfr eg om`ùlcogtcml gu sfcl d'ulrãsfgu.

Omlofrlglt eg om`ùlcogtcml, ce fst prc`mrdcge pmur e'VDG@ ?? df

s'clsãrfr sur ef orãlfgu dfs lmuvfeefs tfojlmemacfs gicl df s'gdgptfr â ul

puhco fl ãvmeutcml omlstgltf. Ofeg pgssf pgr e'f`pemc `gkmrctgcrf dfs f-

`gceclas, dfs lfwsefttfrs mu flomrf d'flquëtfs climr`gtcsãfs.

_fotcml 7 ; Ef `fssgaf ft efs mhkfotcis.

Gvglt df pgrefr rãfeef`flt df `fssgaf, ce igut sgvmcr quf e'mhkfotci

df e'Gssmocgtcml fst gvglt tmut df rgppfefr sml gotcml â sfs gdjãrflts. Ce

s'gact dmlo df `fttrf fl vgefur efs gotcvctãs df e'VDG@ ?? gicl quf efs

`f`hrfs smcflt omlvgclous df e'utcectã df efur gdjãscml. E'Gssmocgtcml dmct

dmlo tmut `fttrf fl pegof gicl d'goormctrf sg vcschcectã, of quc pgssf pgr ulf

cltflscicogtcml df eg om`ùlcogtcml.

Ef `fssgaf fl euc-`ë`f pmurrgct ëtrf "e'ulcml igct eg imrof". Fl fiift

e'VDG@ ?? smujgctf rgssf`hefr gicl d'mhtflcr peus df `myfls ju`gcls ft

iclglocfrs, tmukmurs dgls e'mhkfotci df igcrf prmspãrfr eg prgtcquf ùscogef.

Fl tfr`f d'mhkfotcis, e'VDG@ ?? pfut fspãrfr gua`fltfr ef lm`hrf

df pgrtcocpglts gux imr`gtcmls df prmifssfurs, goormìtrf ef lm`hrf

d'ãeêvfs clsorcts gux stgafs df prgtcquf ùscogef. Feef s'gttfld df `ë`f â

rgssf`hefr peus df ùscocfls emrs dfs rãpãtctcmls df e'Mrojfstrf

d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltge. Feef smujgctf ãagef`flt trgls`fttrf dfs

omllgcssglofs sur efs lmuvfeefs tfojlmemacfs fl tfr`f df ùscqufs

gotufeefs fl igcsglt dãomuvrcr â ofrtgcls ùscocfls mu prmifssfurs dfs

emacocfes df ùscquf vcrtufeef, fltrf gutrfs.

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Rmur iclcr, fl `fttglt fl gvglt sfs gotcmls guprês df sfs

gdjãrflts, ce pfut y gvmcr ul fiift d'fltrgìlf`flt pgr eg suctf quc, fl

goormcssglt eg lmtmrcãtã df e'mraglcs`f, `êlfrg ofrtgclfs lmuvfeefs

struoturfs â gdjãrfr gussc â e'VDG@ ??.

Efs fiimrts flvfrs efs gdjãrflts gotufes gurmlt dmlo pfut-ëtrf ul fiift sur

sfs prmojgclfs gdjãscmls ;

• pmur efs gssmocgtcmls dãkâ gdjãrfltfs ; gdjãrfr df lmuvfgu e'gllãf

sucvgltf ogr ofs dfrlcêrfs gurmlt ãtã omlvgcloufs pgr e'gotcml df

e'VDG@ ??.

• omlofrlglt efs gssmocgtcmls lml gdjãrfltfs, efur dmllfr flvcf df

s'cltrmducrf dgls ofttf dylg`cquf.

_fotcml 8 ; Orãgtcml df eg lfwsefttfr jfhdm`gdgcrf dfe'VDG@ ??.

Lmus lmus sm``fs gpprmprcãf ef sctf cltfrlft glaegcs

"@GCE_JC@R" quc pfr`ft df s'clctcfr â eg orãgtcml df `gces armupãs.

Lmus gvmls dãocdã d'flvmyfr ulf lfwsefttfr pgr sf`gclf gicl df

orãfr ul fiift df rãourrflof pgr eg rãofptcml rãauecêrf, pgr ojgquf

gdjãrflt d'climr`gtcmls df lmtrf pgrt. Ofttf rãofptcml systã`gtcquf g

aãlãrgef`flt ul fiift rãfe sur e'cltfremoutfur ogr `ë`f s'ce lf omlsuetf pgs

ofttf pgaf, ce sf rfld om`ptf d'ulf gotcml cltflsf df e'Gssmocgtcml. Eg

omltcluctã df ofttf gotcvctã fst ef orctêrf df rãussctf pmur quf lmus

gppgrgcsscmls dãsmr`gcs dgls e'fsprct df ojgquf gdjãrflt.

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Efs tjê`fs dfs lfwsefttfr smlt vgrcãs d'ulf sf`gclf â e'gutrf. Lmus

gvmls rãdcaã dfs grtcoefs sur ;

Ú E'goqucsctcml df e'garã`flt kfulfssf ft ãduogtcml pmpuegcrf pgr

e'VDG@ ??.

Ú Efs stgafs df imr`gtcml dfs prmifssfurs df ùscquf.

Ú E'Gaflof Armupf`flt d'F`pemyfurs Oueturf.

Ú Ef emacocfe d'mrojfstrf vcrtufe "MRFL _TGAF".

Ú E'gllmlof du omlofrt df e'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltgef.

Ú Eg prãsfltgtcml du prmkft d'mpãrg pmur fliglts Gtojgigegyg.

Efs gxfs orãgtcis

Dgls ojgquf lfwsefttfr, lmus gvmls rfprcs e'cdfltctã vcsufeef df

e'gssmocgtcml.

Emam l²7 ;

Emam l² 8 ;

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E'VDG@ ?? dcspmsf d'ul emam gvfo dfux vgrcgtcmls.

Rmur efs lfwsefttfrs, lmus gvmls rfprcs eg omuefur rmuaf hmrdfgux

pmur efs fltëtfs, ft gkmutã dfs hmrdurfs arcs oegcr, pmur rfldrf peus gttrgotci

ef dmou`flt ãorct tmut fl omlsfrvglt ul gspfot gssfz smhrf. Ce fst

prc`mrdcge df ojmcscr dfs omuefurs pgstfes pmur quf efs ãorcturfs smcflt

ecschefs.

Glgeysf dfs emams df e'VDG@ ??

Df `glcêrf aãlãrgef, qufeefs smlt efs imlotcmls d'ul emam=

• Gttcrfr ef rfagrd pgr ul vcsufe c``ãdcgtf`flt pfrofptchef.

• _f dciiãrflocfr fl miirglt ul vcsufe sclauecfr.

• Xfprãsfltfr e'mraglcs`f ft sfs vgefurs.

• Rfr`fttrf eg `ã`mrcsgtcml.

Gxfs df rãiefxcml gutmur dfs emams ;

• Imr`f

G prf`cêrf vuf, efs omltmurs pmurrgcflt agalfr fl lfttftã pmur ulf

`fceefurf dãiclctcml df e'flsf`hef. Rgr gceefurs, coc, eg dciicouetã df of emam

fst d'gssmocfr ul scalcicglt dcrfotf`flt pfrofptchef â ul scalcicã om`pefxf

ecã â eg lgturf `ë`f df e'Gssmocgtcml.

• Omuefur

Eg omuefur rmuaf hmrdfgux omlvcflt pmur rfprãsfltfr e'gotcvctã vclcomef df

eg Acrmldf. O'fst ulf tfcltf quc omltrgstf hcfl gvfo eg lfutrgectã d'ul imld

heglo mu orê`f utcecsãf dgls efs omurrcfrs.

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• Efttrgaf

Omlofrlglt eg ecschcectã df eg argpjcf, ef `mt "Acrmldf" pmurrgct gppgrgìtrf

fl ogrgotêrfs args pgr fxf`pef. Fl mutrf, e'cdãf df trglsimr`fr ef "D" fl

lmtf df ùscquf fst cltãrfssgltf ft vãjcouef hcfl eg vmogtcml df

e'Gssmocgtcml. Ofpfldglt ul `glquf df ecschcectã pfut ëtrf eg omltrfpgrtcf

df of ojmcx sclauecfr. Fl fiift, emrsquf e'flsfcalf hãlãicocf d'ulf imrtf

lmtmrcãtã, rf`pegofr ulf efttrf pgr ul sy`hmef fst kudcocfux. @gcs e'VDG@

??, fl pjgsf d'fxpglscml ft fl quëtf df rfomllgcssglof l'fst pgs flomrf

pmrtfusf d'ul scaef omllu df tmus.

• Comlmargpjcf

Eg prãsflof df eg rfprãsfltgtcml du dãpgrtf`flt df eg Acrmldf gppmrtf

ul vcsufe gu emam `gcs l'fst pgs rfomllgcssghef clstclotcvf`flt. Vl

ãeã`flt argpjcquf peus `mdfrlf tfe qu'ul clstru`flt df ùscquf gotufeef

sfrgct gpprãocghef gicl quf efs kfulfs s'cdfltcicflt â e'Gssmocgtcml. E'gspfot

df eg ùscquf oegsscquf dmct ãagef`flt ëtrf `cs fl gvglt. Vl om`peã`fltd'c`gaf omlstctuã pgr eg om`hclgcsml df ofs dfux ogtãamrcf d' clstru`flts

pmurrgct ëtrf prmpmsã.

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_fotcml ? ; E'flvmc d'flquëtfs â hut climr`gtci.

Eg sfomldf `csf fl mfuvrf fl tfr`f d'mutces df om`ùlcogtcml fsteg orãgtcml d'flquëtfs. Lmus gvmls ojmcsc oft mutce ogr ce pfr`ft d'goormìtrf

eg vcschcectã d'ulf fltctã tmut fl rãometglt dfs climr`gtcmls. Ofeefs-oc smlt

utcefs gu imlotcmllf`flt df e'Gssmocgtcml omlofrlglt eg omllgcssglof du

oecflt ft df sfs hfsmcls ft gclsc pmur cdfltcicfr efs pfrsmllfs susofptchefs

df pgrtcocpfr â dfs prmkfts om`ùls.

Lmus gvmls dmlo utcecsã ef emacocfe AMMAEF DMO quc lmus gpfr`cs d'gd`clcstrfr igocef`flt efs qufstcmllgcrfs quf lmus gvmls orããs.

• Eg prf`cêrf flquëtf fst dfstclãf gux prmifssfurs df ojglt ojmrge,

df imr`gtcml ùscogef ft gux dcrfotfurs dfs Fomefs df @uscquf gicl

df dãlm`hrfr efs ojmrgefs df Acrmldf. Ofttf flquëtf lmus pfr`ft

ãagef`flt df omllgctrf efs pgrtcouegrctãs dfs flsf`hefs vmogux df

ojgquf Fomef df @uscquf dgls e'mhkfotci df orãfr ãvfltufeef`flt

ul ojmfur dãpgrtf`fltge.

• Eg sfomldf flquëtf pmrtf sur efs omldctcmls d'flsfcalf`flt dfs

prmifssfurs df ùscquf ;

õ Ef lm`hrf d'jfurf df trgvgce.

õ Ef tf`ps df trgkft dmlt ces dcspmsflt pmur sf rfldrf â efur ecfux df

d'flsfcalf`flt.

õ Ef lm`hrf d'Fomefs df @uscquf dgls efsqufeefs ces trgvgceeflt.

Ofttf flquëtf g pmur mhkfotci e'mptc`csgtcml dfs rf`pegof`flts ft dfs

giifotcmls df pmstfs d'flsfcalglts sur ef Dãpgrtf`flt.

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_fotcml 4 ; Ftrf prãsflt sur Cltfrlft ft efs rãsfgux smocgux.

Ce fst cldcspflsghef pmur e'VDG@ ?? d'ëtrf prãsfltf sur Cltfrlft vcg

sml sctf wfh mu efs rãsfgux smocgux tfes quf Igofhmmn ft Twctfr. Feef yfst dãkâ cltãarãf `gcs ce s'gact d'y ëtrf pgrtcouecêrf`flt gotcvf sc feef vfut

goormìtrf eg vcschcectã df e'Gssmocgtcml. Ofttf prãmoupgtcml rfprãsfltf ul

trgvgce sur ef emla tfr`f ogr ce s'gact df smcalfr ef omltflu du prmice ft

d'gkmutfr dfs "lfws" gux `m`flts strgtãacqufs.

Rgr gceefurs, e'VDG@ ?? dmct vfceefr gux omltgots ft armupfs

guxqufes feef fst ecãf. Fl fiift, sur efs rãsfgux smocgux, efs cltfrlgutfs kmuflt â eg imcs ef rôef df oecflt ft df prfsorcptfur. Gemrs sc e'Gssmocgtcml sf

`mltrf vcrtufeef`flt guprês df struoturfs pgrtflgcrfs ft d'grtcstfs quc

hãlãicocflt d'ulf imrtf lmtmrcãtã, ofeg pfut clieuflofr ofeef df e'VDG@ ??

pgr fiift d'fltrgìlf`flt ft df "hmuojf â mrfceef".

_fuef`flt 4? % dfs fltrfprcsfs irglágcsfs utcecsflt efs rãsfgux

smocgux pmur omlquãrcr df lmuvfgux oecflts.72 Fl ãtglt gotcvf sur ofs

rãsfgux, e'VDG@ ?? pmurrgct sf dã`grqufr df sfs omlourrflts.

Ftglt dmllã quf sur efs rãsfgux smocgux efs cltfrlgutfs imlt trglpgrgìtrf

efurs amþts, e'Gssmocgtcml pmurrgct fl sgvmcr peus sur efs ùscocfls gvfo quc

feef fst fl rfegtcml ft gclsc `cfux rãpmldrf â efurs hfsmcls.

72Climr`gtcml tcrãf du `gagzclf "Gotcml Om``frocgef" l²?88.

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Ojgpctrf ? ; @fttrf fl pegof ul prmkft iãdãrgtfur.

Gicl d'gotcvfr eg om`ùlcogtcml d'ulf struoturf, rcfl df tfe quf df

`fttrf fl pegof ul prmkft. Lf sfrgct-of qu'fl mraglcsglt ul ãvãlf`flt,

e'Gssmocgtcml `ft fl gvglt sfs gotcvctãs ft sfs ogpgoctãs. Lãgl`mcls, ce fst

cldcspflsghef d'goofltufr efs fiimrts sur eg om`ùlcogtcml fl ãtghecssglt

ul pegl df om`ùlcogtcml dãtgceeã fl tfr`f df pegllcicogtcml dfs gotcmls.

_fotcml 7 ; Efs imlotcmls ft mhkfotcis df eg `csf fl pegofd'ul prmkft.

g)Dfsorcptcmlduprmkftfleuc-`ë`f

Lmus gvmls gcdã â eg rãgecsgtcml df eg om`ùlcogtcml du prmkft

"Gtojgigegyg", Mpãrg pmur fliglts ãorct pgr Csghfeef Ghmuenfr. Oft

ãvãlf`flt sfrg prãpgrã durglt e'gllãf somegcrf 827?/8274 gvfo pmur ghmutcssf`flt ? spfotgoefs fl Kucl 8274. Efs grtcstfs df oft mpãrg sfrmlt

dfs fliglts d'Fomefs df @uscqufs acrmldclfs gdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ??,

dfs ãeêvfs df prc`gcrf df e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef (du OF7 gu O@8) gclsc

quf dfs fliglts df ofltrfs smocm-ãduogtcis ft ofltrfs df emcscr du

Dãpgrtf`flt.

Ojgquf rfprãsfltgtcml gurg ecfu dgls ul sfotfur dciiãrflt df eg Acrmldf

gvfo efs fliglts df ojgquf sfotfur ;

• Vl gu sfcl df e'gaaem`ãrgtcml hmrdfegcsf.

• Ef sfomld dgls eg pgrtcf Lmrd Acrmldf.

• Ef trmcscê`f sfrg quglt â euc dgls ef _ud df eg Acrmldf.

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Lmus pmuvmls omlscdãrfr eg rãgecsgtcml d'ul prmkft oueturfe om``f

e'ghmutcssf`flt dfs gspcrgtcmls df e'Gssmocgtcml. Fl fiift, ul ãvãlf`flt

grtcstcquf l'fxcstf pgs sgls eg `csf fl sylfracf d'cldcvcdus. Ce fst

cldcspflsghef df `fttrf fl rfegtcml efs grtcstfs, efs gotfurs gd`clcstrgtcis,

ft efs afstcmllgcrfs gicl df `flfr â hcfl eg aemhgectã df e'ãvãlf`flt.

Gclsc, dgls ul flvcrmllf`flt oueturfe irga`fltã, e'VDG@ ?? trmuvf

rãfeef`flt sg pegof. E'Gssmocgtcml iãdêrf efs dciiãrflts gotfurs gutmur

d'ulf g`hctcml ulcquf of quc igvmrcsf efs ieux d'climr`gtcml ft df

pfrsmllfs gu sfcl du Dãpgrtf`flt.

h)Ofprmkftgdciiãrfltsmhkfotcis;

• Dc`flscml smocgef ; igcrf gooãdfr efs pmpuegtcmls â ul ãvãlf`flt

oueturfe d'flvfraurf.

• Gspfot ãduogtci ; igvmrcsfr efs vgefurs df pgrtgaf ft df omlvcvcgectã.

•

Gspfot clstctutcmllfe ; `fttrf fl gvglt e'gotcml df e'VDG@ ?? pgr egorãgtcml d'ul ãvãlf`flt kg`gcs rãgecsã gupgrgvglt quc rfarmupf

trmcs mraglcs`fs rgrf`flt gssmocãs (Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef, Fomefs

df @uscquf ft Ofltrfs smocgux).

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_fotcml 8 ; E'gspfot iclglocfr.

Om``f lmus e'gvmls ãvmquã prãoãdf``flt, e'gspfot iclglocfr

dgls ef sfotfur df eg oueturf prãsfltf ulf prmheã`gtcquf c`pmrtgltf. Efs

`myfls iclglocfrs dmlt dcspmsflt efs struoturfs smlt três rfstrfclts, sgui

dgls efs ogs d'fltctãs tfeefs quf efs Mpãrgs Lgtcmlgux. Dgls ef ogs df

prmkfts ocheãs, eg `gkmrctã dfs `myfls smlt omlstctuãs pgr efs suhvfltcmls.

Ofs dfrlcêrfs smlt d'mrcaclfs vgrcãfs.

Feefs pfuvflt prmvflcr df;

• e'Ftgt.

• Dfs omeefotcvctãs tfrrctmrcgefs (coc ef Omlsfce Xãacmlge d'Gquctgclf, ef

Omlsfce Aãlãrge df eg Acrmldf).

• Dfs mraglcs`fs d'utcectã puhecquf tfes quf eg DXGO.

• Dfs mraglcs`fs prcvãs.

Omlofrlglt sfs df`gldfs df suhvfltcmls, e'VDG@ ?? igct gppfe â tmutfsofs struoturfs, â dfs jgutfurs dciiãrfltfs. Lmtrf trgvgce df rfojfrojf s'fst

dcrcaã fl pgrtcouecfr vfrs efs mraglcs`fs prcvãs ;

• Eg Imldgtcml Mrglaf.

• Eg Imldgtcml df Irglof.

Ofs mraglcs`fs `fttflt fl pegof ojgquf gllãf ul gppfe â prmkftsfeml dciiãrflts orctêrfs dãiclcs. Ce lmus g sf`heã cltãrfssglt d'fiifotufr

ofs df`gldfs df suhvfltcmls ãtglt dmllã eg eãactc`ctã dfs flkfux df

e'Mpãrg. _fs gtmuts smocm-oueturfes lmus mlt sf`heã mppmrtuls pmur

rãpmldrf gux gttfltfs df ofs imldgtcmls.

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Rgr gceefurs, ef prmkft d'Mpãrg pmur fliglts "Gtojgigegyg" aãlêrf

dfs rfofttfs â prfldrf fl om`ptf dgls lmtrf ãtudf. Lmus gvmls gclsc

trgvgceeã sur efs dciiãrflts dmou`flts om`ptghefs fxcaãs pgr efs

mraglcs`fs omlofrlglt lmtrf rfquëtf. Lmus gvmls dþ dãiclcr ul hudaft

prãvcscmllfe omlofrlglt ef prmkft quf lmus dãtgceefrmls oc-dfssmus.

E'cltãrët fst df `mltrfr quf e'ghmutcssf`flt du prmkft lf dãpfld

peus quf df eg pgrtcocpgtcml peus mu `mcls aãlãrfusf df eg struoturf quf

e'ml smeecoctf. Rmur of igcrf, ce fst fssfltcfe df igcrf vgemcr efs suhvfltcmls

dãkâ goqucsfs guprês d'gutrfs mraglcs`fs df rflm`.

Rmur omlstrucrf ul hudaft prãvcscmllfe vcghef, ce igut sgvmcr quf ef

`mltglt du `ãoãlgt df`gldã â ojgoul dfs dciiãrflts mraglcs`fs lf dmct

pgs dãpgssfr 86 % du hudaft tmtge df e'ãvãlf`flt.

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66

Tghefgu l²? ; Ef hudat prãvcscmllfe df e'Mpãrg

"Gtojgigegyg" (8274) 77

77Tghefgu rãgecsã pgr lms smcls.

DFRFL_F_@mltgltJT XFOFTTF_

@mltgltJT

Dãpflsfs grtcstcqufs Xfofttfs prmprfsOgojft Dcrfotfur grtcstcquf 622 Hceefttfrcf 9 162Ogojft Grtcstfs 78 812Ojgrafs smocgefs 8 344

Dãpflsfs df imlotcmllf`flt 762 _uhvfltcmls puhecqufs_gegcrfs Ãqucpf gd`clcstrgtcvf 49: @clcstêrf / DXGO 622

Xãacml 622Dãpflsfs pãdgamacqufs (`gtãrcfe) ?72 Dãpgrtf`flt(s) 7 822

Dãpflsfs om`ùlcogtcml 622_mocãtãs Ocvcefs GDG@C_RFDCDG@IO@

Dãpflsfs tfojlcqufs Gutrfs 422Emogtcml sgeef /

_uhvfltcmlsprcvãfs/`ãoãlgt

@ãoãlgt Mrglaf smujgctã 4 422Imldgtcml df Irglof 4 422

Tmtge 71 748 Gutrfs Xfofttfs ;Xãsuetgt (fxoãdflt) 7 92: Yfltf prmarg``fs 922

Tmtge Dãpflsfs JT 7: 162 Tmtge Xfofttfs JT 7: 162

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_fotcml ? ; Eg om`ùlcogtcml d'ul prmkft iãdãrgtfur.

Eg om`ùlcogtcml d'ul ãvêlf`flt prãocs pgssf pgr dciiãrfltfs

gotcmls ft vcg dciiãrflts mutces. Lmus gvmls ojmcsc d'ãeghmrfr coc peuscfurs

suppmrts vcsufes. Lmus gvmls dãocdã df orãfr ul suppmrt pmur ojgquf

oehef df lmtf prmkft.

g)Ieyfrs

Eg ochef df ofs ieyfrs fst prclocpgef`flt ef puheco pmtfltcfe df

e'ãvãlf`flt. E'mhkfotci ãtglt d'gttcrfr dfs spfotgtfurs ft d'goormìtrf efs

rfofttfs, lmus dfvmls dmlo ef omlofvmcr df igáml â of qu'ce smct ef peus

pfroutglt pmsschef ft quf efs climr`gtcmls prclocpgefs smcflt igocef`flt

gssc`ceghefs.

Ce fst cldcspflsghef df igcrf gppgrgctrf oegcrf`flt efs pgrtcfs

prflgltfs du prmkft. Lmus gvmls ojmcsc df dcspmsfr ef emam df e'VDG@ ??

fl vfrscml emlauf gu ofltrf du ifuceeft, gicl df ef igcrf sf dã`grqufr dfs

gutrfs. Lmus gvmls dþ rfspfotfr efs ojmcx dfs omlofptfurs omlofrlglt

e'comlmargpjcf ft eg pmecof d'ãorcturf.

Efs climr`gtcmls prclocpgefs mlt ãtã clsorctfs fl arms ogrgtêrfs. Lmus

gvmls ofpfldglt ojmcsc dfs omuefurs peutôt pèefs gicl df `cfux igcrf

rfssmrtcr efs dmllãfs. Ofeefs-oc smlt fl omrrfspmldglof gvfo efs omuefurs

df e'c`gaf ft orãflt gclsc ulf gt`mspjêrf oge`f ft rfpmsgltf ecãf gu

tjê`f du omlofrt.

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h)Hrmojurf

Eg hrmojurf fst dfstclãf gux rfspmlsghefs df ofltrfs smocgux,ofltrfs gãrãs ft df emcscrs gicl df efs omlvgclorf df igcrf pgrtcocpfr efs

armupfs d'fliglts gu prmkft. Efs glc`gtfurs smocm-oueturfes pfuvflt ëtrf

cltãrfssãs pgr eg dc`flscml grtcstcquf df e'ãvãlf`flt ãtglt dmllã quf ef

puheco qu'ces rflomltrflt l'fst lc ig`cecfr df of typf d'gotcvctãs lc du sfotfur

df eg oueturf fl aãlãrge. Df `ë`f, ces pfuvflt s'gpprmprcfr ef prmkft fl

ghmrdglt ãagef`flt ul gspfot peus `glufe df oft mpãrg om``f eg

orãgtcml df dãomrs, df omstu`fs ft eg rfojfrojf d'goofssmcrfs. Ofs

gotcvctãs peus eudcqufs ft guxqufeefs ofs fliglts smlt pfut-ëtrf peus

goomutu`ãs, dmcvflt ëtrfs `csfs fl gvglt dgls ef suppmrt df

om`ùlcogtcml ogr ce omlstctuf e'ãeã`flt oeã df e'grau`fltgcrf.

o)Regqufttfdãtgceeãf

Ef trmcscê`f suppmrt df om`ùlcogtcml quf lmus gvmls rãgecsã fstul dmou`flt fxpecogtci dãtgceeã quc g pmur mhkfotci d'climr`fr efs clstctutfurs

df e'Fduogotcml Lgtcmlgef â prmpms df lmtrf prmkft. Lmus gvmls igct dfs

rfojfrojfs omlofrlglt efs prmarg``fs ãtudcãs du OF7 gu O@8 gicl df

`fttrf fl ãvcdflof dfs `gtcêrfs fl ecfl gvfo ef omltfxtf df e'Mpãrg

Gtojgigegyg. Ef hut ãtglt df tfltfr efs prmifssfurs fl efur igcsglt

rf`grqufr quf eg pgrtcocpgtcml â oft ãvêlf`flt lf sfrg pgs sfuef`flt

clsorctf dgls ulf mptcquf grtcstcquf `gcs ãagef`flt jcstmrcquf, socfltcicqufft ecttãrgcrf. Fl prmducsglt ofttf pegqufttf climr`gtcvf ft dãtgceeãf, lmus

gvmls ãeghmrã ul dmou`flt gdgptã â lmtrf ochef. Lmus fspãrmls quf efs

flsfcalglts pmurrmlt ëtrf sãducts pgr eg dflsctã du prmkft quf e'VDG@ ??

prmpmsf.

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6:

_fotcml 4 ; Ef pegllcla prãvcscmllfe dfs gotcmls.

Tghefgu l²4 ; Regllcla dfs gotcmls dfom`ùlcogtcml78

Gotcmls Kucl _fpt. Mot. Lmv. Dão. Kglv. Iãv. @grs Gvrce @gc Kucl

C`prfsscml ftflvmc dfspegqufttfsdãtgceeãfs

dfstclãfs âe'FduogtcmlLgtcmlgef.

Z

C`prfsscml ftflvmc dfshrmojurfs

dfstclãfs guxOfltrf _mocgux.

Z

Flvmc df `gcesd'climr`gtcml gux

pgrtflgcrfs duprmkft omlofrlglt

ef dãrmuef`fltgllufe dfs

gotcvctãs (dgtfsrãpãtctcmls /omlofrts).

Z

78 Tghefgu rãgecsã pgr lms smcls.

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63

Gotcmls Kucl _fpt. Mot. Lmv. Dão. Kglv. Iãv. @grs Gvrce @gc Kucl

Orãgtcml du sctfcltfrlft df

e'ãvãlf`flt.Z

Grtcoefs df prfssfdgls ef kmurlge_VD-MVF_T.

Z Z

Grtcoefs df prfssfdgls ef `gagzclf

dfs vceefspgrtflgcrfs du

prmkft.Z Z

C`prfsscml ftdcstrchutcml dfieyfrs dgls efs

struoturfs

grtcstcqufs ftãduogtcvfs dudãpgrtf`flt.

Z Z

C`prfsscml dfsprmarg``fs du

spfotgoef.Z

Yfltf dfsprmarg``fs duspfotgoef.

Z

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92

Omloeuscml

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97

Rmur oemrf ofttf ãtudf, drfssmls ul hcegl df eg struoturf quf lmus

gvmls ojmcsc gicl df tfltfr df rãsmudrf eg prmheã`gtcquf df e'VDG@ ??.

Tmut d'ghmrd, lmus gvmls rãgecsã ulf ãtudf dãtgceeãf df

e'Gssmocgtcml. Ce ãtgct c`pmrtglt df dcstclaufr sfs imrofs ft ofrtgclfs

igchefssfs. Lmus gvmls `cs fl gvglt ulf Gssmocgtcml pmrtfusf d'ul prmkft

gussc g`hctcfux quf dãtfr`clglt gu vu du omltfxtf `flgoã df eg oueturf

ft df e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge fl pgrtcouecfr. Hãlãicocglt df e'mhkfotcvctã d'ul

rfagrd lmuvfgu, lmus gvmls pu rf`grqufr qufequfs glm`gecfs gu lcvfgu

df sml imlotcmllf`flt ft peus pgrtcouecêrf`flt gu sukft df sg ogpgoctã df

om`ùlcogtcml. Ofs pmclts igchefs sfrgcflt df lgturf â `fttrfãvfltufeef`flt e'Gssmocgtcml fl dciicouetã, â tfr`f. Ofpfldglt, ofs ec`ctfs

pfuvflt ëtrf dãpgssãfs ogr tmutf om`ùlcogtcml fst pfrifotchef. Lmus

lmus sm``fs dmlo cltfrrmaãf sur eg `glcêrf df om`ùlcqufr df igáml

fiicogof flvfrs dfs gdjãrflts ft pgrtflgcrfs gicl df `fttrf fl gvglt ulf

gotcml gssmocgtcvf cllmvgltf.

Lmus gvmls gclsc ojfrojã dfs smeutcmls â `fttrf fl pegofigocef`flt pgr e'VDG@ ??. Fl fiift, ce s'gacssgct df trmuvfr df lmuvfgux

mutces df om`ùlcogtcml argtucts ãtglt dmllã quf e'Gssmocgtcml lf dcspmsf

pgs df huaft dfstclã â ofttf imlotcml. Gvglt tmut, ce ãtgct cldcspflsghef

d'gvmcr dfs climr`gtcmls sur efs flsfcalglts dfs struoturfs gdjãrfltfs.

Lmus gvmls gemrs rfojfrojã dfs dmllãfs prãocsfs â efur prmpms gicl df

rfltrfr igocef`flt fl omltgot gvfo fux.

Rgr eg suctf, lmus gvmls pflsã â `fttrf fl pegof ulf lfwsefttfr

jfhdm`gdgcrf gicl d'goormìtrf eg vcschcectã du trgvgce df e'Gssmocgtcml ft df

sg pfrtclflof. Flsuctf, lmus gvmls rãgecsã dfs flquëtfs dgls ef hut df

rãometfr df e'climr`gtcml sur ef prmspfot. Feefs pfr`fttrmlt df igocectfr eg

`csf fl mfuvrf df iuturs prmkfts ùtugecsãs gclsc quf ef `gcltcfl d'ul

flsfcalf`flt ùscoge df qugectã.

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98

Lmtrf dfrlcfr `myfl df om`ùlcogtcml omlscstgct pmur e'Gssmocgtcml

â ëtrf â e'clctcgtcvf d'ul prmkft om`ùl d'flvfraurf fl tglt qu'clstctutcml

iãdãrgtrcof df eg ùscquf fl Acrmldf. Omlofrlglt of prmkft grtcstcquf,

lmus gvmls prmduct ulf pgrtcf dfs vcsufes df om`ùlcogtcml (ieyfr,

hrmojurf, dmou`flt fxpecogtci dãtgceeã). Lmus gvmls ãagef`flt pegllcicã

efs dciiãrfltfs gotcmls df om`ùlcogtcml gutmur df e'ãvãlf`flt, ft

ãeghmrã ul hudaft prãvcscmllfe df e'flsf`hef du prmkft gvfo e'gcdf dfs

`f`hrfs du Hurfgu df e'Gssmocgtcml.

Lmus fspãrmls quf efs `f`hrfs du Hurfgu df e'Gssmocgtcml

s'gpprmprcfrmlt gcsã`flt efs mutces df om`ùlcogtcml quf lmus gvmlsf`pemyãs durglt lmtrf ãtudf sur ef tfrrgcl. Df `ë`f, lmus smujgctmls

quf ofs `myfls lmuvfgux smcflt fiicogofs ft sfrvflt â igcrf prmspãrfr

e'VDG@ ??.

Efs rftm`hãfs dfs gotcmls quf lmus gvmls `csfs fl pegof grrcvflt

qufequf tf`ps gprês lmtrf dãpgrt, gprês ul dãegc lãofssgcrf pmur quf efs

`f`hrfs df e'Gssmocgtcml rãpmldflt gux flquëtfs ft quf e'VDG@ ??s'gdgptf â ofs lmuvfgux mutces. Rgr gceefurs, ef prmkft grtcstcquf sur efqufe

lmus gvmls trgvgceeã sf dãrmuef sur e'gllãf somegcrf 827?/8274. O'fst eg

rgcsml pmur egqufeef lmus rfstfrmls fl omltgot gvfo e'VDG@ ?? kusqu'â

ofttf pãrcmdf pmur glgeysfr efs rftm`hãfs df lms gotcmls ft gu hfsmcl

gcdfr e'Gssmocgtcml â d'gutrfs tèojfs.

Lmus gvmls rãgecsã ofttf ãtudf â e'gcdf d'muvrgafs, sctfs cltfrlft ftgrtcoefs df kmurlfgux, e'climr`gtcml quf lmus gvmls pu fl rftcrfr iut d'ulf

gcdf hcfl prãocfusf.

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9?

Durglt ofttf ãtudf, lmus gvmls fu e'moogscml df lmus c`pecqufr

dgls ulf ãtudf aemhgef ; e'ãeghmrgtcml d'ul pegl df om`ùlcogtcml. Lmus

gvmls gclsc prcs omlsocflof quf eg om`ùlcogtcml igcsgct pgrtcf cltãargltf

df eg strgtãacf d'ul mraglcs`f, pfr`fttglt df rfefvfr dfs dãics.

_ur ef pegl pfrsmllfe, ofttf ãtudf lmus g pfr`cs df dãvfemppfr dfs

om`pãtflofs rfegtcmllfeefs ãtglt dmllã qu'ce g igeeu s'cltãarfr gu sfcl

d'ulf ãqucpf. Lmus pmuvmls df `ë`f giicr`fr quf ofttf fxpãrcflof lmus

gurg pfr`cs d'goquãrcr dfs ogpgoctãs ofrtgclfs d'gutmlm`cf pucsqu'ce g

igeeu fiifotufr ulf ãtudf pfrsmllfeef â eg imcs fxtfrlf, mhsfrvgtrcof ft

cltãarãf gu omfur dfs flkfux df e'Gssmocgtcml.

_feml lmus, ft gu rfagrd du omltfxtf gotufe ft â vflcr df eg oueturf,

ce fst cldcspflsghef quf e'VDG@ ?? sf dãvfemppf gicl df pfr`fttrf gux

flsfcalglts df eg ùscquf fl Acrmldf df `gcltflcr efurs gotcvctãs

pãdgamacqufs dgls efs omldctcmls `gtãrcfeefs ft grtcstcqufs efs peus

igvmrghefs.

_c ef prmkft d'Mpãrg pmur fliglts "Gtojgigegyg" `cs fl mfuvrf â

e'jmrczml 8274 igct eg prfuvf df sg pfrtclflof, ce lf pfut quf dmllfr

lgcssglof â d'gutrfs mpãrgtcmls d'flvfraurf pmur dãvfemppfr efs vgefurs

df pgrtgaf gutmur df of hcfl sc prãocfux qu'fst eg ùscquf.

@gearã dfs dciicouetãs iclglocêrfs ft ju`gclfs clãvctghefs dgls ul

dm`gclf oueturfe irgacef, e'VDG@ ?? lf pfut qu'fxfrofr ulf gotcmliãdãrgtrcof pmsctcvf. Lmus smujgctmls imrtf`flt quf ofttf Gssmocgtcml

pfrdurf pmur quf e'flsfcalf`flt df eg ùscquf dgls lmtrf dãpgrtf`flt

omltcluf â rgymllfr ft s'ãpglmucr pefclf`flt.

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94

Hchecmargpjcf

Muvrgafs aãlãrgux

Ú HMVALMVZ Dglcfe, Cltrmduotcml gux socflofs df eg

om`ùlcogtcml, Rgrcs, Fdctcml Eg Dãomuvfrtf, 8227, 78: p.

Ú OMEHFXT Irglámcs, Ef @grnftcla dfs grts ft df eg oueturf,

@mltrãge , Agîtgl @mrcl Fdctfur, 8221, ?28 p.

Ú QF_TRJGEFL @grcf-Jãeêlf ft ECHGFXT Tjcfrry, Om`ùlcogtmr >

tmutf eg om`ùlcogtcml d'fltrfprcsf, Fdctcml Dulgud, 8278, 976 p.

Muvrgafs spfocgecsãs

Ú Eg Dmou`fltgtcml df e'Gssmocgtcml ; ecvrft I@G.

@ã`mcrfs

Ú AGXCTFGC Oegcrf, Eg Dciiuscml du hgeeft df e'Mpãrg Lgtcmlge df

Hmrdfgux , @ã`mcrf Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml, Vlcvfrsctã

Hmrdfgux CY, CVT @mltfsqucfu, 8223, 9: p.

Ú @GALCL Xmxglf, @gcltflcr eg vcschcectã df "Icrstfp fl glaegcs" ; Vl

ojgeeflaf om`ùlcogtcml, @ã`mcrf Tfojlcqufs df

Om``frocgecsgtcml, Vlcvfrsctã Hmrdfgux CY, CVT @mltfsqucfu,

8278, 1: p.

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96

Xfvufs ft kmurlfgux

Ú NJGL_GXC Igrhmrd, "Imlds struoturfes ; efs mppmrtulctãs df eg

lmuvfeef prmarg``gtcml", Gssmocgtcmls `mdf d'f`pemc l²746,

Kglvcfr 827?.

Ú TXFJMXFE Egurf, "Xãsfgux smocgux ; ef lmuvfe geecã df vms

og`pgalfs df prmspfotcml", Gotcml om``frocgef l²?88, Gvrce 8278.

Gutrfs smurofs ;

õ _ctfs cltfrlft ;

Ú Omlsuetãs fl Kglvcfr 827?

• jttp;//udg`??.ir

• jttp;//fvgscml.vceef-g`hgrfsftegargvf.ir

• jttp;//www.oì-ùscquf.mra/

• jttp;//ifdfrgtcml-ùscogef-gquctgclf.om`• jttp;//`gceojc`p.om`/

• jttp;//www.ecltfrlgutf.om`/

• jttp;//www.sgclt`gogcrf.ir

• jttp;//ogojf.`fdcg.fduogtcml.amuv.ir/

Ú Omlsuetãs fl @grs 827?

• jttp;//www.`grnftclapmurp`f.mra

• jttp;//gllugcrfs.sudmufst.om`/

Ú Omlsuetãs fl Gvrce 827?

• jttp;//www.udf`??.ir

• jttp;//www.pmecimlcgfe.mra

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99

• jttp;//wfh.efrfegcscltfrlft.om`/sgùp

• jttp;//www.iif`lft.om`

Ú Omlsuetãs fl @gc 827?

• jttp;//www.cddgo.lft

• jttp;//soflfs-dftf.ir

• jttp;//`fdcgtjfquf.octf-ùscquf.ir

• jttp;//www.ifvcs.om`

• jttp;//www.ojgrtsclirglof.lft

• jttp;//www.olv.ir

• jttp;//www.gotcllmvgtcml.om`

õ Omurs ;

• HMLOEFX Kãrô`f, Omurs df _trgtãacf - CVT @mltfsqucfu

Hmrdfgux CY - Dãpgrtf`flt Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml

_f`fstrf 4.

• OJGV__GDF @grtclf, Omurs df hurfgutcquf - CVT @mltfsqucfu

Hmrdfgux CY - Dãpgrtf`flt Tfojlcqufs df Om``frocgecsgtcml -

_f`fstrf 7.

• KVLOG Hfrlgrd, Omurs df Om`ùlcogtcml Om``frocgef - CVT

@mltfsqucfu Hmrdfgux CY - Dãpgrtf`flt Tfojlcqufs df

Om``frocgecsgtcml - _f`fstrf 8.

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91

Tghef dfs Gllfxfs

Gllfxf C ; Om`ptf df Xãsuetgt df e'VDG@ ?? pmur e'gllãf 8278. 9:

Gllfxf CC ; Rgaf d'gooufce sctf cltfrlft. 93

Gllfxf CCC ; Rrmpmsctcml df ieyfr pmur e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg". 12

Gllfxf CY ; Rrmpmsctcml df hrmojurf pmur e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg" dfstclãf

gux rfspmlsghefs df ofltrf smocgux ft df emcscr. 17

Gllfxf Y ; Rrmpmsctcml df pegqufttf dfstclãf gux flsfcalglts df

e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef omlofrlglt e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg". 1?

Gllfxf YC ; Wufequf ulfs dfs lfwsefttfrs flvmyãfs â e'flsf`hef dfs

gdjãrflts ft pgrtflgcrfs df e'VDG@ ??. :7

Gllfxf YCC ; Flquëtf omlofrlglt ef ojglt ojmrge fl Acrmldf. ::

Gllfxf YCCC ; Flquëtf omlofrlglt efs omldctcmls d'flsfcalf`flt dfs

prmifssfurs df ùscquf gdjãrflts. 32

Gllfxf CZ ; @gce flvmyã Dcrfotfurs dfs Fomefs df @uscquf gdjãrfltfs

prãvflglt e'gppfe vcsglt â mhtflcr dfs climr`gtcmls. 38

Gllfxf Z ; Efttrf flvmyãf gux Dcrfotfurs smujgctglt ulf df`gldf pgr

ãorct. 3?

Gllfxf ZC ; Xftrglsorcptcml d'ul fltrftcfl tãeãpjmlcquf typf gvfo ul

Dcrfotfur d'Fomef df @uscquf, dgls ef hut d'mhtflcr dfs

climr`gtcmls sur efs prmifssfurs df eg struoturf. 34

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


9:

Gllfxf C ; Ef Om`ptf df Xãsuetgt df e'VDG@ ?? (8278)

Ojgrafs Rrmducts

Gojgts

(imurlcturfs/`gtãrcfe/fgu-ãlfracf) 7 31:

_uhvfltcmls puhecqufs

Omlsfce Aãlãrge

pgrtflgcrfs (O@I / I@G)

1 222

6 926

_frvcofs fxtfrcfurs

(prc`fs d'gssurglof) 762

Gutrfs prmducts df afstcml

omtcsgtcmls

gutrfs

:8744 234,64

Dãpflsfs om`ùlcogtcml 428

Gutrfs sfrvcofs fxtãrcfurs

jmlmrgcrfs

dãpegof`flts

dcvfrs ;omtcsgtcmls rfvfrsãfs

â O@I / I@G

8 122

8 849,91

9 47?

Ojgrafs df pfrsmllfe

sgegcrfs ft trgctf`flts hruts

Omtcsgtcmls mu ojgrafs smocgefs

Gutrfs ojgrafs

4 :?1,48

? ??9,46

?326

Tmtge aãlãrge dfs ojgrafs 86 39:,64 84 37?,64

Xãsuetgt df e'fxfrocof (Rfrtf)7266

Tmtge aãlãrge 86 39:,64 Tmtge aãlãrge 86 39:,64

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


93

Gllfxf CC ;

Rgaf d'gooufce du sctf cltfrlft df e'VDG@ ??

79/26/7? 79;22VDG@ ?? - Gooufce

Rgaf 7 sur 8icef;///Vsfrs/Jfeflg/Dfsntmp/VDG@%82??%82-%82Gooufce.wfhgrojcvf

Geefr

Xfojfrojf gvgloãf

Gafldg

Mrojfstrf vcrtufeMrojfstrf vcrtufe

Mrojfstrf Ycrtufe / _mcrãfMrojfstrf Ycrtufe / _mcrãf

df prãsfltgtcml du emacdf prãsfltgtcml du emac……

Ecrf eg suctf ; Mrojfstrf...Ecrf eg suctf ; Mrojfstrf...

Gllmlofs...

_yltjã G vfldrf_yltjã G vfldrf

_yltjã XMEGLD F39 hml_yltjã XMEGLD F39 hml

ãtgt + pcfd + jmussf dfãtgt + pcfd + jmussf df

trgl…trgl…

Ecrf eg suctf ; _yltjã GEcrf eg suctf ; _yltjã G

vfldrfvfldrf

G YFLDXF Omrlft G YFLDXF Omrlft

G vfldrf Omrlft Sg`gjgG vfldrf Omrlft Sg`gjg

SOX 8??2 CC , ̀ geefttf dfSOX 8??2 CC , ̀ geefttf df

t…t…

Ecrf eg suctf ; G YFLDXFEcrf eg suctf ; G YFLDXF

OmrlftOmrlft

Miirfs d'f`pemcs

Rrmifssfur trm`pfttfRrmifssfur trm`pfttf

rfojfrojf prmi dfrfojfrojf prmi df

Trm`pfttf â pgrtcr df ̀ c-Trm`pfttf â pgrtcr df ̀ c-

`gc pmu…`gc pmu…

Ecrf eg suctf ; Rrmifssfur...Ecrf eg suctf ; Rrmifssfur...

Ojfi df Ojmfur Ojfi df Ojmfur

Vraflt, Gssmocgtcml RfssgoVraflt, Gssmocgtcml Rfssgo

(qugrtcfr @mltfce) rfo…(qugrtcfr @mltfce) rfo…

Ecrf eg suctf ; Ojfi dfEcrf eg suctf ; Ojfi df

OjmfurOjmfur

Rgrtflgcrfs

Gotugectãs... Gotugectãs...

Ojglts prãpgrãsOjglts prãpgrãs

Efs lu`ãrms dfs ojglts smlt efs ?, 9 ft 1...…Efs lu`ãrms dfs ojglts smlt efs ?, 9 ft 1...…

Ecrf eg suctf...Ecrf eg suctf...

Xãmraglcsgtcml dfs fxg`flsXãmraglcsgtcml dfs fxg`fls

_uctf gux lmuvfeefs dcrfotcvfs df eg O@I, ef omltflu ft e'mraglcsgtcml dfs fxg`fls df icl d'gllãf ãvmeuflt...…_uctf gux lmuvfeefs dcrfotcvfs df eg O@I, ef omltflu ft e'mraglcsgtcml dfs fxg`fls df icl d'gllãf ãvmeuflt...…


E'VDG@ ?? mhtcflt e'garã`flt kfulfssf ft ãduogtcml pmpuegcrfE'VDG@ ?? mhtcflt e'garã`flt kfulfssf ft ãduogtcml pmpuegcrf

Ef dmsscfr g ãtã dãpmsã icl lmvf`hrf 8278 ft gprês dfs dãechãrgtcmls fl dãof`hrf, eg lmuvfeef fst tm`hãf ;Ef dmsscfr g ãtã dãpmsã icl lmvf`hrf 8278 ft gprês dfs dãechãrgtcmls fl dãof`hrf, eg lmuvfeef fst tm`hãf ;

E'Vdg` ?? mhtcflt e'garã`flt.…E'Vdg` ?? mhtcflt e'garã`flt.…


Omliãrflofs _tgafs Xflomltrfs prmifsscmllfeefs 827?Omliãrflofs _tgafs Xflomltrfs prmifsscmllfeefs 827?

Ymcoc efsYmcoc efs stgafs mu omliãrflofs 827? flsfcalf`flt ̀ uscquf dglsf vmcxstgafs mu omliãrflofs 827? flsfcalf`flt ̀ uscquf dglsf vmcx clsorctfs gu ogtgemauf dfs imr`gtcmlsclsorctfs gu ogtgemauf dfs imr`gtcmls

OLIRT argtuctfs pmur ef pfrsmllfe tfrrctmrcge> clsorcptcmls guprês du olipt Gquctgclf ;…OLIRT argtuctfs pmur ef pfrsmllfe tfrrctmrcge> clsorcptcmls guprês du olipt Gquctgclf ;…


Om`ùlcogtcml â lms gdjãrfltsOm`ùlcogtcml â lms gdjãrflts

Ojfrs Gdjãrflts,Ojfrs Gdjãrflts, Dgls ef ogdrf d'ulf flquëtf df tfrrctmcrf ft gicl df rãpmldrf ft om`ùlcqufr gu ̀ cfux sur efsDgls ef ogdrf d'ulf flquëtf df tfrrctmcrf ft gicl df rãpmldrf ft om`ùlcqufr gu ̀ cfux sur efs

ãvmeutcmls iuturfs omlofrlglt eg imr`gtcml prmifsscmllfeef, efs dciiãrflts puhecos, efs prmkfts pgrtgaãs ft egãvmeutcmls iuturfs omlofrlglt eg imr`gtcml prmifsscmllfeef, efs dciiãrflts puhecos, efs prmkfts pgrtgaãs ft eg

rfojfrojf df iclglof`flt, vmus geefz rfofvmcr ul gppfe tãeãpjmlcquf d'ul df…rfojfrojf df iclglof`flt, vmus geefz rfofvmcr ul gppfe tãeãpjmlcquf d'ul df…


E'VDG@ ?? scêaf ofttf gllãf gu Om`ctã Omlsuetgtci Gssmocgtci du Omlsfce AãlãrgeE'VDG@ ?? scêaf ofttf gllãf gu Om`ctã Omlsuetgtci Gssmocgtci du Omlsfce Aãlãrgedf eg Acrmldf.df eg Acrmldf.

Dfpucs 8223, ef Omlsfce Aãlãrge df eg Acrmldf g ̀ cs fl pegof ef Imru` Dãpgrtf`fltge sur eg Ycf Gssmocgtcvf giclDfpucs 8223, ef Omlsfce Aãlãrge df eg Acrmldf g ̀ cs fl pegof ef Imru` Dãpgrtf`fltge sur eg Ycf Gssmocgtcvf gicl

df prmpmsfr gux gssmocgtcmls acrmldclfs ul tf`ps gllufe df rflomltrfs, d'ãojglafs ft df rãiefxcml sur efsdf prmpmsfr gux gssmocgtcmls acrmldclfs ul tf`ps gllufe df rflomltrfs, d'ãojglafs ft df rãiefxcml sur efs

prclocpgefs prmheã`gtcqufs ecãfs gu ̀ mldf gssmocgtci ft â e'flagaf`flt hãlãvmef.…prclocpgefs prmheã`gtcqufs ecãfs gu ̀ mldf gssmocgtci ft â e'flagaf`flt hãlãvmef.…


GTOJGIGEGSG GTOJGIGEGSG

Om omlstruotcml du prmkft "Ncd's Mpfrg" gvfo e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux dcrcaã pgr Ecmlfe Agudcl-Yceegrd…Om omlstruotcml du prmkft "Ncd's Mpfrg" gvfo e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux dcrcaã pgr Ecmlfe Agudcl-Yceegrd…


Rjmtms / Ycdãm ...Rjmtms / Ycdãm ...

Gooufce Imr`gtcml Rãdgamacf Gd`clcstrgtcml @ãdcgs Omltgotfz-lmus

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


12

Gllfxf CCC ;

Rrmpmsctcml df ieyfr pmur e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg"

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


17

Gllfxf CY ;

Rrmpmsctcml df hrmojurf pmur e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg"

dfstclãf gux rfspmlsghefs df ofltrf smocgux ft dfemcscr .

"Gtojgigegyg"

!

« Muvfrturf oueturfeef gutmur df eg

prgtcquf omeefotcvf gu sfrvcof df eg

rãussctf ft df e'ãagectã dfs ojglofs. ¾

« Rmur ul pgrtgaf grtcstcquf ft

smecdgcrf df tfrrctmcrf. ¾

!

Gllãf somegcrf 827?/8274

Rrmkft pgrtgaã

Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux

VDG@ ??

Omltflu pãdgamacquf ft

`glufe

Eg pgrtcocpgtcml â of prmkftoueturfe fst e'moogscml pmur efsfliglts d'fxfrofr dfs gotcvctãseudcqufs ft `glufeefs om``f egorãgtcml df omstu`fs,d'goofssmcrfs vmcrf df dãomrsqu'ces utcecsfrmlt emrs dfsrfprãsfltgtcmls. Vl trgvgce sur efsomuefurs ft efs `gtcêrfs pfut dmloëtrf fiifotuã.

Df peus, vmus pmurfzomltrchufr â of prmkft pgr e'gppmrtd'goofssmcrfs utcefs â eg `csf flsoêlf du spfotgoef, arèof â ulfrfojfrojf d'mhkfts pmuvglt ëtrfcltãarãs â e'jcstmcrf, gvfo efsfliglts.

!

Omltflu grtcstcquf;

Gtojgigegyg fst ulf rcvcêrf quc

s–ãtfld fl Emucscglf, imr`glt efs hgymus

d–ulf rãacml « E'Gogdcglf ¾ quc gooufceect

lms gloëtrfs gppfeãs « efs Ogdcfls ¾ mu

« efs Ogkuls ¾ pgrtcs df Tmurgclf, du

Hfrry ft du Rmctmu gu tf`ps df Emucs

ZCY. Eg Emucscglf ãtgct gemrs ulf omemlcf

irglágcsf.

Du ojglt pmpuegcrf â eg ojglsml

tfldrf mu pmeypjmlcquf, Csghfeef

Ghmuenfr g om`pmsã ul mpãrg pmur

fliglts, pãdgamacquf, pmãtcquf ft

eudcquf `ëeglt ojglsmls drôefs ft

ã`muvgltfs smutflufs pgr dfs

cltfrvfltcmls ojmrgefs, ùscqufs

oegsscqufs ft pmpuegcrfs, kfux df rôefs ft

smecstfs.

Rmur rgomltfr e–jcstmcrf df ofs omemls,

Xã`c Egurfceegrd g ãorct ul ecvrft três

pmãtcquf, gux lm`hrfusfs rãiãrflofs

jcstmrcqufs. Gtojgigegyg fst ulf şuvrf

df om``gldf pmur ef 6ê`f Ifstcvge

d–Mpãrg pmur Fliglts, orãã fl kuceeft

7339 pgr ef Ojşur d–Fliglts df eg

Xãacml Ofltrf ft e–Mrojfstrf df e–VDF@

?1 smus eg dcrfotcml df Rcfrrf-@grcf

Dczcfr.

!

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


18

! !

Efs pgrtflgcrfs du prmkft ;


Orãã fl 8224, e–Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df

Hmrdfgux fst ul mrojfstrf prmifsscmllfe â

aãm`ãtrcf vgrcghef rãulcssglt prês df 42grtcstfs acrmldcls.

Vlcml Dfs Gssmocgtcmls @uscogefs Df

eg ACXMLDF

Giicecãf â eg Iãdãrgtcml @uscogef d–Gquctgclf

(I@G) ft â eg Omliãdãrgtcml @uscogef df Irglof(O@I), e'VDG@ ?? fst om`pmsãf dfprmifsscmllfes df eg ùscquf, hãlãvmefsrgssf`heglt 16 gssmocgtcmls rãpgrtcfs sure–flsf`hef du dãpgrtf`flt df eg Acrmldf.

E'VDG@ g pmur mhkfotci ; ef `gcltcfl, egprm`mtcml ft ef dãvfemppf`flt df eg prgtcqufg`gtfur df eg ùscquf gu sfcl dfsgssmocgtcmls gdjãrfltfs ft eg rfojfrojf dflmuvfgux pgrtflgrcgts gvfo ef `mldfprmifsscmllfe.

Ruheco gotfur du prmkft ;

- Feêvfs df 7fr oyoef dfs oegssfs df Imr`gtcml@uscogef dfs Fomefs df @uscquf giicecãfs âe–VDG@ ??.

- Feêvfs dfs oegssfs prc`gcrfs Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgefdf Acrmldf.

- Kfulfs (1/78 gls) dfs ofltrfs df emcscrs mu ofltrfssmocgux.

- Rrmifsscmllfes df eg ùscquf ; Ojfis d'mrojfstrf ftdf ojşur, ùscocfls, pãdgamaufs, flsfcalglts,tfojlcocfls.

Mhkfotcis du prmkft ;

- Xfldrf efs fliglts gotfurs d'ul prmkft grtcstcquf

d'flvfraurf ft efur pfr`fttrf df vcvrf ulf

fxpãrcflof ulcquf.

- Ftghecr dfs rflomltrfs ft pgssfrfeefs fltrf ef

`mldf prmifsscmllfe ft ef `mldf g`gtfur dgls

ef ogdrf d–ul prmkft pgrtgaã.

- Rgr ul trgvgce grtcstcquf, prm`muvmcr

e'cltfraãlãrgtcmllfe ft eg ̀ cxctã smocgef.

- Miircr â e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux,

e'mppmrtulctã df sflschcecsfr ef puheco dfs ãomefs

df ùscquf, dfs ofltrfs smocgux mu df emcscrs â

efur trgvgce ft df dãvfemppfr ojfz fux eg ichrf

grtcstcquf.

- Dãvfemppfr e–gooês â eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf df eg

ùscquf pgr ef hcgcs du ojglt ojmrge.

- Cltãarfr ef prmkft dgls ef ogdrf du spfotgoef vcvglt

fl rfojfrojglt d–gutrfs pgrtflgrcgts (grt

drg`gtcquf, grts vcsufes, …)

!

Clims prgtcqufs;

! Regllcla ;

Omlofrts!;!

+!@grdc!7!kuceeft!8274!

+!Kfudc!?!kuceeft!8274!

+!Yfldrfdc!4!kuceeft!8274!

!

Xãpãtctcmls;!

!! Dão.!

827?!

Iãv.!

8274!

Gvrce! Kucl!

Xmojfr!Rge`fr!

Yfl!82!

Kfudc!7?! @gr!:!

Yfl!9!

Hegygcs! Kfudc!

73!

@grdc!

77!

Yfl!

77!

Kfud

6!

Xãmegcs! @grdc!

71!

Yfl!!

74!

Kfudc!

72!

@gr!

?!

!

! Omltgots ;

VDG@ ??; Rcfrrf-Irglámcs Hmyfr(29.::.76.32.66)

FMH ; Ecmlfe Agudcl-Yceegrd(26.69.32.78.:3)

!

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


1?

Gllfxf Y ;

Rrmpmsctcml df pegqufttf dfstclãf gux flsfcalglts df

e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef omlofrlglt e'Mpãrg "Gtojgigegyg".

Gllãf somegcrf 827?/8274

Rrmkft pgrtgaã Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux & VDG@ ?? ;

« G tojgig egyg ¾ Mpãrg pmur fliglts

« Muvfrturf Oueturfeef gutmur df eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf gu sfrvcof df eg

rãussctf ft df e'ãagectã dfs ojglofs. ¾

« Rmur ul pgrtgaf grtcstcquf ft smecdgcrf df tfrrctmcrf. ¾

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


14

!

!

8!

Efs pgrtflgcrfs du prmkft ;

Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux ;

! Orãã fl 8224, e–Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df

Hmrdfgux fst ul mrojfstrf prmifsscmllfe â

aãm`ãtrcf vgrcghef rãulcssglt prês df 42

grtcstfs acrmldcls.


VLCML DF_ G__MOCGTCML_ @V_COGEF_ DF EG ACXMLDF

! Giicecãf â eg Iãdãrgtcml @uscogefd–Gquctgclf (I@G) ft â eg Omliãdãrgtcml@uscogef df Irglof (O@I), e'VDG@ ?? fstom`pmsãf df prmifsscmllfes df egùscquf, hãlãvmefs rgssf`heglt 16

gssmocgtcmls rãpgrtcfs sur e–flsf`hef dudãpgrtf`flt df eg Acrmldf.

Cltfremoutfur ; Rcfrrf-Irglámcs Hmyfr 29.::.76.32.66

! Mhkfotcis df e'VDG@ ??; `gcltcfl, prm`mtcml ft dãvfemppf`fltdf eg prgtcquf g`gtfur df eg ùscquf gu sfcl dfs gssmocgtcmlsgdjãrfltfs ft rfojfrojf df lmuvfgux pgrtflgrcgts gvfo ef `mldfprmifsscmllfe.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


16

!

!

?!

Ruheco gotfur du prmkft ; • Feêvfs df 7fr oyoef dfs oegssfs df Imr`gtcml @uscogef dfs Fomefs df

@uscquf giicecãfs â e–VDG@ ??.

• Feêvfs dfs oegssfs prc`gcrfs Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef df Acrmldf.

• Kfulfs (1/78 gls) dfs ofltrfs df emcscrs mu ofltrfs smocgux.

• Rrmifsscmllfes df eg ùscquf ; Ojfis d'mrojfstrf ft df ojşur,

@uscocfls, Rãdgamaufs, Flsfcalglts, Tfojlcocfls.

Ogdrf ;

• Clsfrtcml dgls ul prmkft pãdgamacquf cllmvglt df tfrrctmcrf.

• @csf fl sylfracf dfs sfotfurs aãmargpjcqufs df e–VDG@ ??.

Mhkfotcis du prmkft ;

• Rgr eg pmrtghcectã d'ulf şuvrf grtcstcquf, tmuojfr ef peus argld

lm`hrf pmsschef df spfotgtfurs sur ul tfrrctmcrf.

• Xfldrf efs fliglts gotfurs d'ul prmkft grtcstcquf d'flvfraurf ft efur

pfr`fttrf df vcvrf ulf fxpãrcflof ulcquf.

• Dãvfemppfr ef ecfl fltrf eg prgtcquf grtcstcquf ft e'flsfcalf`flt

somegcrf.

• Ftghecr dfs rflomltrfs ft pgssfrfeefs fltrf ef `mldf prmifsscmllfe ft

ef `mldf g`gtfur dgls ef ogdrf d–ul prmkft pgrtgaã.

• Rgr ul trgvgce grtcstcquf, prm`muvmcr e'cltfraãlãrgtcmllfe ft eg `cxctã

smocgef.

• Rrm`muvmcr e'gotcml ojmrgef df e–VDG@ ?? ft fl dãvfemppfr df

lmuvfeefs.

• Miircr â e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux, e'mppmrtulctã df

sflschcecsfr ef puheco dfs ãomefs df ùscquf, dfs ofltrfs smocgux mu

df emcscrs â efur trgvgce ft df dãvfemppfr ojfz fux eg ichrf grtcstcquf.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


19

!

!

4!

• Dãvfemppfr ef pgrtflgrcgt prmifsscmllfes/g`gtfurs d–ghmrd sur dfs

sfotfurs aãmargpjcqufs dãpgrtf`fltgux ft muvrcr vfrs ulrgymllf`flt rãacmlge.

• Dãvfemppfr e–gooês â eg prgtcquf omeefotcvf df eg ùscquf pgr ef hcgcs

du ojglt ojmrge.

• Cltãarfr ef prmkft dgls ef ogdrf du spfotgoef vcvglt fl rfojfrojglt

d–gutrfs pgrtflgrcgts (grt drg`gtcquf, grts vcsufes, …)

Omltflu grtcstcquf;

Gtojgigegyg fst ulf rcvcêrf quc s–ãtfld fl Emucscglf, imr`glt efs

hgymus d–ulf rãacml « E'Gogdcglf ¾ quc gooufceect lms gloëtrfs gppfeãs

« efs Ogdcfls ¾ mu « efs Ogkuls ¾ pgrtcs df Tmurgclf, du Hfrry ft du

Rmctmu gu tf`ps df Emucs ZCY. Eg Emucscglf ãtgct gemrs ulf omemlcf

irglágcsf.

Du ojglt pmpuegcrf â eg ojglsml tfldrf mu pmeypjmlcquf, Csghfeef

Ghmuenfr g om`pmsã ul mpãrg pmur fliglts, pãdgamacquf, pmãtcquf ft

eudcquf `ëeglt ojglsmls drôefs ft ã`muvgltfs smutflufs pgr dfs

cltfrvfltcmls ojmrgefs, ùscqufs oegsscqufs ft pmpuegcrfs, kfux df rôefs

ft smecstfs.

Rmur rgomltfr e–jcstmcrf df ofs omemls, Xã`c Egurfceegrd g ãorct ul

ecvrft três pmãtcquf, gux lm`hrfusfs rãiãrflofs

jcstmrcqufs. Gtojgigegyg fst ulf şuvrf df om``gldf pmur ef 6ê`f

ifstcvge d–Mpãrg pmur Fliglts, orãã fl kuceeft 7339 pgr ef Ojşur

d–Fliglts df eg Xãacml Ofltrf ft e–Mrojfstrf df e–VDF@ ?1 smus eg

dcrfotcml df Rcfrrf-@grcf Dczcfr.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


11

!

!

6!

Omltflu pãdgamacquf;

Of prmkft oueturfe g ãagef`flt pmur hut eg trgls`csscml df

omllgcssglofs clsorctfs gu prmarg``f df e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef, gvfo, fl

fiift, ulf argldf trglsvfrsgectã gvfo efs dciiãrfltfs `gtcêrfs flsfcalãfs

du OF7 gu O@8.

Oueturf Ju`glcstf ;

• Jcstmcrf ; Fl prf`cfr ecfu, dfs gxfs df dãvfemppf`flt gutmur du

omltfxtf df e'mfuvrf;

" Eg Irglof smus Emucs ZCY ; tmcef df imld df eg

omemlcsgtcml df eg Emucscglf.

" Ef omtml ; e'ulf dfs prf`cêrfs oueturfs dfs omemls

furmpãfls gu dãhut du ZYCC ê`f scêoef fl

Ycraclcf.

• Aãmargpjcf; Efs Ftgts-Vlcs, imlotcmllf`flt d'ul ãtgt iãdãrge.

• Eg Ecttãrgturf trmuvf ãagef`flt sg pegof gu sfcl df

of prmkft gvfo ul rcojf omltfxtf gussc hcfl fl Irglof

qu'gux Ftgts-Vlcs ;!

" E'gpprmojf du oegsscocs`f fl Irglof ; ighefs,

om`ãdcfs, trgaãdcfs, dciiãrflts typfs d'ãorcts pmur ul

`ë`f omurglt.

" Wufequfs gllãfs peus tgrd, ef pfrsmllgaf Tm`

_gwyfr, kfulf agráml du sud dfs Ftgts-Vlcs fst clvfltã pgr @grn

Twgcl, e'ul dfs imldgtfurs df eg ecttãrgturf g`ãrcogclf.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


1:

!

!

9!

Eglaufs vcvgltfs ;

• Rmurrmlt ãagef`flt ëtrf ghmrdãs efs dciiãrflts dcgefotfs irglágcspgreãs â trgvfrs ef `mldf (ogkul, gogdcfl,...) mu flomrf efs eglaufs

rãacmlgefs quc pfrdurflt fl Irglof (mooctgl, hgsquf, hrftml,...).

Fduogtcml ùscogef ft grtcstcquf ;

• @uscquf ; Efs ùscocfls df eg Omur du Xmc, Eueey ft ef rgymllf`flt

df eg ùscquf hgrmquf. Rgr gceefurs, ce fst c`pmrtglt d'ãvmqufr

e'ã`fraflof df lmuvfgux omurglts ùscogux gu _ud dfs FVG tfes

quf ef lfarm spcrctuge (â e'mrcaclf du

`muvf`flt amspfe dfs fsoegvfs lmcrs

du ZYCCê`f scêoef), ef omultry, ef heufs,

`gcs flomrf "Lfw Mrefgls, hfrofgu du

kgzz"...

• Grts pegstcqufs ; Ce fst ãagef`flt cltãrfssglt d'ãtudcfr ef omltfxtf

grtcstcquf aemhge fl Irglof ft gu sud dfs Ftgts-Vlcs. Efs grtcstfs tfe

quf Lcomegs Rmusscl, rfprãsfltglt `gkfur du oegsscocs`f pcoturge

furmpãfl, gclsc quf ef imlotcmllf`flt du `ãoãlgt oueturfe df

e'ãpmquf `gcs ãagef`flt Acehfrt _tugrt, e'grt du pmrtrgct gux Ftgts-Vlcs.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


13

!

!

1!

_ocflofs ft vcf df eg Tfrrf ;

• E'gspfot flvcrmllf`fltge ft efs qufstcmls ãomemacqufs pfuvflt ëtrf

dãvfemppãs gutmur du iefuvf « Gtojgigegyg ¾ ft efs hgymus.

Eg pgrtcocpgtcml â of prmkft igocectfrg e'gpprmimldcssf`flt df tjê`fs

df oueturf aãlãrgef vgrcãs gvfo vms ãeêvfs, d'ulf `glcêrf mrcaclgef,

eudcquf dgls efqufe e'fliglt sf sfltcrg omlofrlã arèof â e'gpprfltcssgaf

dfs ojglts gu prãgeghef ft â e'fxpecogtcml aemhgef df e'mfuvrf pgr efs

dciiãrflts gotfurs du prmkft.

_feml efs tfxtfs df e'Fduogtcml Lgtcmlgef, du igct df e'gpprmojf dfs

grts â e'ãomef, efs ãeêvfs mlt eg pmsschcectã df sf omlstctufr ulf oueturf

pfrsmllfeef rcojf, df dãvfemppfr ulf prgtcquf grtcstcquf â egqufeef tmus

l'mlt pgs eg ojglof d'gooãdfr fl dfjmrs du omltfxtf somegcrf, df

rflomltrfr dfs grtcstfs ft irãqufltfr efs ecfux oueturfes, ce fst dmlo

prc`mrdcge df efs pemlafr gu omfur df prmkfts oueturfes gu omurs df efur

oursus ãduogtci.

Lmus pflsmls gclsc quf eg tjã`gtcquf ojmcscf pmur of prmkft

omlvcflt tmut â igct â ul trgvgce df omeeghmrgtcml fltrf ul puheco somegcrf

g`gtfur ft ul puheco d'grtcstfs prmifsscmllfes. Ce rãpmld df `ë`f gux

gttfltfs d'ãeêvfs du oyoef ? ft â efur ourcmsctã cltfeefotufeef du `mldf quc

efs fltmurf.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:2

!

!

:!

Ogefldrcfr ft prãsfltgtcml;

• Rrãpgrgtcml du prmkft pgr efs dciiãrflts gotfurs sur e'gllãf somegcrf827?/8274.

• Xfstctutcml emrs du 8ê`f-?ê`f trc`fstrf 8274.

!

! Dãof`hrf! Iãvrcfr! Gvrce! Kucl!

Xmojfr!Rge`fr! Yfldrfdc!82!

(EQ)!

Kfudc!7?!(RIH)! @grdc!:!(RIH)! Yfldrfdc!9!(EQ)!

Hegygcs! Kfudc!73!(RIH)! @grdc!77!(EQ)! Yfldrfdc!77!

(EQ)!

Kfudc!6!(RIH)!

Xãmegcs! @grdc!71!(RIH)! Yfldrfdc!74!

(EQ)!

Kfudc!72!(RIH)! @grdc!?!(EQ)!

!

! Jmrgcrfs dfs rãpãtctcmls ;

• _omegcrfs ; 74j?2-79j?2

• Fomefs df ùscquf ; 71j?2-73j?2

• Ofltrfs smocgux ft df emcscrs ; â prãocsfr

! Xãpãtctcml aãlãrgef ; euldc ?2 kucl df 74j?2 â 79j?2

! Omlofrts 7:j?2 mu 73j• @grdc 7 kuceeft

• Kfudc ? kuceeft

• Yfldrfdc 4 kuceeft

Rrãoãdãs d–ulf rãpãtctcml aãlãrgef df 74j?2 â 79j?2.

Efs ecfux df omlofrts lf smlt pgs icxãs.

Cltfrvflglts ;

• Egurflof QGEEC@GLL (EQ)

• Rcfrrf-Irglámcs HMSFX (RIH)

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:7

Gllfxf YC ;

Wufequf ulfs dfs lfwsefttfrs flvmyãfs â e'flsf`hef

dfs gdjãrflts ft pgrtflgcrfs df e'VDG@ ??.

Lfwsefttfr du @grdc 88 Kglvcfr

79/26/7? 71;24LfwsEfttfr @grdc 88 Kglvcfr

Rgaf 7 sur 8jttp;//us9.og`pgcal-grojcvf8.om`/=u01i?1iff79f3?h7f43g11i7i6i&cd08:d7dd?df4

E'VDG@ ?? vmus flvmcf sfs `fceefurs vmfux pmur e'gllãf 827? ft vmus smujgctf df ̀ frvfceefux`m`flts ̀ uscogux â vflcr !

Imr`gtcmls prmifsscmllfeefs ;

Ymus pmuvfz dãsmr`gcs tãeãojgrafr ef ogtgemauf mó smlt cldcquãfs efs imr`gtcmls

prmpmsãfs pmur ef sfotfur gssmocgtci, cltfr`cttflts, prcvãs, ft gutrfs sur ef ecfl sucvglt ;

jttp;//www.udg`??.ir/c`gafs/dmo/RF_@D827?

Rmur ojgquf `glcifstgtcml s–clsorcrf ul `mcs gvglt `clcù`.

Rrmojgcls stgafs ;

86-89 iãvrcfr ft 86-89 `grs 827? ; Flsfcalf`flt df eg ùscquf pgr e–mrojfstrf

Dgtf ec`ctf clsorcptcml ; 8: kglvcfr - pegofs ec`ctãfs

Rmur omllgctrf efs gutrfs stgafs prfldrf omllgcssglof du ecvrft RF_@D 827?.

Rmur tmut rflsfcalf`flt omltgotfr ;

X__Trglsegtf

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:8

79/26/7? 71;28LfwsEfttfr

Rgaf 8 sur 8jttp;//us9.og`pgcal-grojcvf7.om`/=u01i?1iff79f3?h7f43g11i7i6i&cd0h48:i2di:7

E'Jgr`mlcf df _gclt Emuhês ft e'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltge kmufrmlt

flsf`hef;

Rcegtus df _tfvfl Xfclfnf

Rmur tmut rflsfcalf`flt mu rãsfrvgtcml omltgotfr

Eg Omupmef ; 26.69.9:.91.29

Gtojgigegyg "Mpãrg pmur fliglts"

Lmus geemls prfldrf omltgot gvfo efs prmifssfurs dfs ãomefs df ùscqufgdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ?? prmojgclf`flt gicl df efs climr`fr sur lmtrf lmuvfguprmkft pgrtgaã. E'Mpãrg pmur fliglts lm``ã "Gtojgigegyg" fst flvcsgaã sur e'gllãfsomegcrf 827?/8274. Ce sfrg flogdrã pgr e'VDG@ ?? ft e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge dfHmrdfgux.

Efs ãeêvfs df prf`cfr oyoef df imr`gtcml ùscogef ft efurs prmifssfurs sfrmltclvctãs â pgrtcocpfr â of prmkft pãdgamacquf ft oueturfe df ojglt ojmrgef. Efs ãeêvfs

dfs ãomefs prc`gcrfs df Acrmldf du OF7 gu O@8 gclsc quf efs fliglts dfs ofltrfsdf emcscrs sfrmlt ãagef`flt omlvcãs â of prmkft.

Igofhmmn Qfhsctf

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:?

Lfwsefttfr du @frorfdc ?2 Kglvcfr



LfwsEfttfr l²8 @frorfdc ?2 Kglvcfr 827?

Omlofrt df e'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltgef

8 Iãvrcfr 827? â Eg Omupmef (_t Emuhês)

E'mrojfstrf Dãpgrtf`fltge, om`pmsã df peus df 62 ̀ uscocfls df 7? â 12 gls ft df lcvgux

geeglt du oyoef 8 d'clstru`flt gu prmifsscmllfe, cltfrprãtfrg ;

Dcrcaã pgr Rcfrrf Hgrrussfgu ;

Arffl Jcees Igltgsy df Tjm`gs Dmss

Rgeegdcm df Ngre Kflncs grr. Xmhfrt Emlicfed

Tjf Hca Rcoturf @uscqufs df Ice` grr Kmjl Jcaacls

Qfst _cdf _tmry df Efmlgrd Hfrstfcl grr. Kgy Hmommn

Dcrcaã pgr Dm`clcquf Kmuaeg ;

_ny Dglof df Xcojgrd E. _guofdm

Orc`sml Tcdf df Jgls [c``fr grr. Frcon Xmzfldm`

Hcrdegld df Kmf [gwclue grr. _. Hgregs

X__Trglsegtf

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:4



E'Jgr`mlcf df _gclt Emuhês ft e'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf Dãpgrtf`fltge kmufrmlt

flsf`hef;

Rcegtus df _tfvfl Xfclfnf

Rmur tmut rflsfcalf`flt mu rãsfrvgtcml omltgotfr

Eg Omupmef ; 26.69.9:.91.29

Gtojgigegyg "Mpãrg pmur fliglts"

Lmus geemls prfldrf omltgot gvfo efs prmifssfurs dfs ãomefs df ùscqufgdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ?? prmojgclf`flt gicl df efs climr`fr sur lmtrf lmuvfguprmkft pgrtgaã. E'Mpãrg pmur fliglts lm``ã "Gtojgigegyg" fst flvcsgaã sur e'gllãfsomegcrf 827?/8274. Ce sfrg flogdrã pgr e'VDG@ ?? ft e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge dfHmrdfgux.

Efs ãeêvfs df prf`cfr oyoef df imr`gtcml ùscogef ft efurs prmifssfurs sfrmltclvctãs â pgrtcocpfr â of prmkft pãdgamacquf ft oueturfe df ojglt ojmrgef. Efs ãeêvfsdfs ãomefs prc`gcrfs df Acrmldf du OF7 gu O@8 gclsc quf efs fliglts dfs ofltrfsdf emcscrs sfrmlt ãagef`flt omlvcãs â of prmkft.

Igofhmmn Qfhsctf

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:6

Lfwsefttfr du Euldc 72 Iãvrcfr


Rgaf 7 sur 4jttp;//us9.og`pgcal-grojcvf7.om`/=u01i?1iff79f3?h7f43g11i7i6i&cd07gffh88d:3

LfwsEfttfr l²4 Euldc 72 Iãvrcfr 827?

Wufequfs pjmtms du omlofrt df e'Mrojfstrf d'Jgr`mlcf

Dãpgrtf`fltgef

Eg Omupmef, _gclt Emuhês 8 Iãvrcfr 827?

X__Trglsegtf

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:9


Rgaf 8 sur 4jttp;//us9.og`pgcal-grojcvf7.om`/=u01i?1iff79f3?h7f43g11i7i6i&cd07gffh88d:3

Flquëtf â vflcr

Ymus geefz rfofvmcr prmojgclf`flt ulf flquëtf omlofrlglt efs pmstfs df

prmifssfur df ̀ uscquf gu sfcl dfs ãomefs giicecãfs â e'VDG@ ??.

Ofttf flquëtf g pmur hut d'cdfltcicfr efs ogrgotãrcstcqufs prmifsscmllfeefs df ojgquf

flsfcalglt gicl df igocectfr efs rf`pegof`flts df prmifssfurs gu sfcl dfs ãomefs df

ùscquf df Acrmldf gdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ?? gclsc quf efs `mdcicogtcmls df pmstfs.

Ymus sfrcfz, fl fiift, susofptchef d'ëtrf omltgotã dgls ofttf sctugtcml, of quc pfut

rfprãsfltfr pmur vmus ulf mppmrtulctã df dãvfemppfr vmtrf vmeu`f jmrgcrf

d'flsfcalf`flt.

@froc df vmtrf omeeghmrgtcml.

_pfotgoef iclge df eg Xflomltrf Xãacmlgef dfs kfulfs

Mrojfstrfs

G e'moogscml df eg Xflomltrf Xãacmlgef

dfs kfulfs Mrojfstrfs,

Gegcl DGYCD, @gcrf df Oflml

Egíeg @FXKMVC, Gdkmcltf gu @gcrf

dãeãauãf â eg Oueturf ft eg

Om`ùlcogtcml

Gllf-@grcf IMXTCL, Rrãscdfltf df

e'MOGO

Ef Omlsfce d'gd`clcstrgtcml df e'MOGO

Ef Omlsfce @ulcocpge

mlt ef pegcscr df vmus clvctfr gu

_pfotgoef iclge ef 72 Iãvrcfr 827? â 71j?2

gu Xmojfr df Rge`fr.

@csf fl ecalf du emacocfe "Mpfl _tgaf ; Mrojfstrf Ycrtufe"

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:1


Rgaf ? sur 4jttp;//us9.og`pgcal-grojcvf7.om`/=u01i?1iff79f3?h7f43g11i7i6i&cd07gffh88d:3

Hmlkmur,

Rmur hcfl dãhutfr ofttf lmuvfeef gllãf, ef Rôef Oueturfe FvBscml ft sfs

pgrtflgcrfs, dmlt efs ãomefs df ùscquf du rãsfgu VDG@ ?? ( G`hgrês Grtcaufs,

Emr`mlt ft Eg Xãmef ) smlt jfurfux df vmus gllmlofr eg `csf fl ecalf du

emacocfe MRFL _TGAF.

jttp;//fvgscml.vceef-g`hgrfsftegargvf.ir/mrojfstrf-vcrtufe/

Of emacocfe fst argtuct (Ecoflof OO HS-LO-LD ?.2 IX). Ymus pmuvfz dmlo pgrtgafr

of ecfl ft rfdcstrchufr of emacocfe eãagef`flt.

Vl imru` dfvrgct vmcr ef kmur omurglt 827? pmur iãdãrfr efs utcecsgtfurs, pgrtgafr efs

prgtcqufs ft efs rfssmurofs gclsc quf df lmuvfgux omltflus pmur ef emacocfe.

Fl gttfldglt ft pmur tmutfs cltfrrmagtcmls lml ecstãfs dgls eg lmtcof du emacocfe, vmus

pmuvfz lmus omltgotfr â e'gdrfssf sucvgltf;

mrojfstrfvcrtufeBvceef-g`hgrfsftegargvf.ir mu vcg ef emacocfe fl oecquglt sur ef

hmutml "_.G.Y".

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


::

Gllfxf YCC ; Flquëtf omlofrlglt ef ojglt ojmrge fl Acrmldf.

FLWVFTF _VX EG RXGTCWVF DV OJGLT OJMXGE GV _FCL DF_ FOMEF_GIICECFF_ G E'VDG@ ??

! DCIIFXFLT_ MHKFOTCI_ G OFTTF FLWVFTF ;

• Cdfltcicfr efs gotfurs du ojglt ojmrge dgls lms struoturfs gdjãrfltfs gicl df ùtugecsfr ftigocectfr eg rãgecsgtcml df prmkfts.

• Tcssfr dfs ecfls scalcicogtcis ft durghefs fltrf efs ojfis ft efs ojmrcstfs.• Dãvfemppfr eg vcf ojmrgef sur ef tfrrctmcrf df eg Acrmldf.• Dãtfr`clfr eg igcsghcectã d'ulf orãgtcml d'flsf`hefs vmogux dãpgrtf`fltgux.• Gssurfr e'climr`gtcml sur eg imr`gtcml dfs flogdrglts.

! WVF YMV_ GRRMXTF E–VDG@ ?? =

Rgr sg qugectã df pôef rfssmurof rfomllu pgr ef Omlsfce Aãlãrge, vmus pmuvfz hãlãicocfr df smlfxpfrtcsf pmur ;

• Eg imr`gtcml dfs ojfis df ojmfur.• E–goom`pgalf`flt ft ef omlsfce dgls eg `csf fl şuvrf df vms prmkfts.• Eg `csf fl rfegtcml gvfo dfs mraglcs`fs pgrtflgcrfs (RF_@D, CDDGO,...).• Eg om`ùlcogtcml ft eg dciiuscml ocheãf df vms prmkfts arèof â dfs `myfls lu`ãrcqufs (sctf

cltfrlft / LfwsEfttfr df e'VDG@ ??).• E'climr`gtcml sur eg rêaef`fltgtcml df e'utcecsgtcml dfs suppmrts gudcmvcsufes ft dfs

rfprãsfltgtcmls puhecqufs.• Hãlãicocfr d–gvgltgafs vcs-â-vcs dfs mraglcs`fs tfes quf _GOF@, _FG@…• Ymus climr`fr â prmpms dfs gssurglofs spãocicqufs fxcstgltfs.

WVF_TCMLLGCXF ;

" Lm` df eg struoturf ;

" _fotfur aãmargpjcquf ;

" Omltgot `gce ;

" Fxcstf-t-ce ulf prgtcquf du ojglt ojmrge dgls vmtrf ãtghecssf`flt =muc lml

" Ef ojglt ojmrge igct-ce pgrtcf df vms omurs df imr`gtcml ùscogef=muc lml

# Lm` du prmifssfur ;

" Ef ojglt ojmrge sf prgtcquf-t-ce smus imr`f d–ul gtfecfr rãauecfr =

muc lml

# Lm` du ojfi ;# Kmur df rãpãtctcml ;

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


:3

# _c lml, qufeef irãquflof df trgvgce =

" Fl dfjmrs df vms omurs rãauecfrs, gooufceefz-vmus dgls vms emogux ulfgssmocgtcml ojmrgef =muc lml

# Lm` du ojşur ft omltgot ;# Lm` du ojfi ;# Kmur df rãpãtctcml ;

" Wufe puheco fst omlofrlã pgr e–gotcvctã quf vmus prmpmsfz ;fliglts gdms gduetfs

" Wufe fst ef lm`hrf df pgrtcocpglts =

" Wufeef fst eg spãocicoctã df oft gtfecfr =# g ogppfeeg # gvfo goom`pgalf`flt pcglm

# goom`pgalã pgr ul flsf`hef clstru`fltge

" Wufe styef df rãpfrtmcrf fst ghmrdã =

" Ef trgvgce df oft gtfecfr ghmutct-ce â ul prmkft grtcstcquf=

# Gudctcml df oegssf;muc lml

# Omlofrts ; muc lml

# Flrfacstrf`flt; muc lml

# Orãgtcml ; muc lml

# Mpãrg pmur fliglts;muc lml

# Xflomltrfs cltfraãlãrgtcmllfeefs;

muc lml

# Rrmkfts `cxtfs ojglt/mrojfstrf ;

muc lml

# Fojglafs cltfrlgtcmlgux ;muc lml

# Gutrfs ;

" _frcfz-vmus cltãrfssã pmur ëtrf pgrtflgcrfs df `glcifstgtcmls =muc lml

" _mus qufeef imr`f ;

Rgrtcocpgtcml df vms oegssfs Rgrtcocpgtcml df vmtrf mrojfstrf, flsf`hef mu armupf df ùscocfls@csf â dcspmsctcml df `gtãrcfe @csf â dcspmsctcml df sctfs df rãpãtctcmls @csf â dcspmsctcml df sctfs df omlofrts

E–VDG@ ?? fst sflschef gux lmuvfeefs cdãfs. L–jãsctfz pgs â lmus fligcrf pgrt !

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


32

Gllfxf YCCC ;

Flquëtf omlofrlglt efs omldctcmls d'flsfcalf`flt dfs

prmifssfurs df ùscquf gdjãrflts.

FLWVFTF _VX EF_ OMLDCTCML_ DF TXGYGCE DF_

RXMIF__FVX_ DF @V_CWVF DF_ _TXVOTVXF_

GDJFXFLTF_ G E'VDG@??.

! WVF YMV_ GRRMXTF E–VDG@ ?? =

Rgr sg qugectã df pôef rfssmurof rfomllu pgr ef Omlsfce Aãlãrge,vmus pmuvfz hãlãicocfr df sml fxpfrtcsf pmur ;

• Eg imr`gtcml dfs ojfis df ojmfur.

• E–goom`pgalf`flt ft ef omlsfce dgls eg `csf fl şuvrf df

vms prmkfts.

• Eg `csf fl rfegtcml gvfo dfs mraglcs`fs pgrtflgcrfs

(RF_@D, CDDGO,...).

• Eg om`ùlcogtcml ft eg dciiuscml ocheãf df vms prmkfts

arèof â dfs `myfls lu`ãrcqufs (sctf cltfrlft /

LfwsEfttfr df e'VDG@ ??).• E'climr`gtcml sur eg rêaef`fltgtcml df e'utcecsgtcml dfs

suppmrts gudcmvcsufes ft dfs rfprãsfltgtcmls puhecqufs.

• Hãlãicocfr d–gvgltgafs vcs-â-vcs dfs mraglcs`fs tfes quf

_GOF@, _FG@…

• Ymus climr`fr â prmpms dfs gssurglofs spãocicqufs

fxcstgltfs.

Ofttf flquëtf g pmur hut d' cdfltcicfr efs ogrgotãrcstcqufs

d'flsfcalf`flt df ojgoul gicl df igocectfr efs rf`pegof`flts

df prmifssfurs gu sfcl dfs Fomefs df @uscquf df Acrmldf

gdjãrfltfs â e'VDG@ ??.

7/22/2019 Mémoire Udam 33 2013


37

! WVF_TCMLLGCXF ;

" Lm` ;

" Rrãlm` ;

" Rrgtcquf ùscogef flsfcalãf

" Omltgot `gce ;

" Wufe fst vmtrf ecfu df rãscdflof=

" Dgls om`hcfl d'ãomefs df ùscquf dmllfz-vmus dfs

omurs=

7)

8)

?)

4)

6)

Reus df 6

" Dgls qufeef(s) om`ùlf(s) sctuf(lt) ofttf (ofs) Fomef(s)df @uscquf =

" Wufeef dcstglof fiifotufz-vmus pmur vmus rfldrf sur of(s)

ecfu(x) df trgvgce=

@mcls df 72 `clutfs

Fltrf 72 ft 82 `clutfs

Fltrf 82 ft ?2 `clutfs

Fltrf ?2 ft 46 `clutfs

Fltrf 46 `clutfs ft 7 j

Fltrf 7j ft 7j?2

Reus d'7j?2

" Wufe fst vmtrf vmeu`f jmrgcrf jfhdm`gdgcrf=

Tmutf e'ãqucpf vmus rf`frocf d'gvmcr rãpmldu â of

qufstcmllgcrf. Rgr gceefurs, e–VDG@ ?? fst sflschef gux

lmuvfeefs cdãfs. L–jãsctfz pgs â lmus fl igcrf pgrt!

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38

Gllfxf CZ ;

@gce flvmyã gux Dcrfotfurs dfs Fomefs df @uscquf

gdjãrfltfs prãvflglt e'gppfe vcsglt â mhtflcr dfsclimr`gtcmls.

"Ojfrs Rrãscdflts, Dcrfotfurs d'ãomef df ̀ uscquf,

Dgls ef ogdrf d'ulf flquëtf df tfrrctmcrf, gicl df rãpmldrf ft

om`ùlcqufr gu `cfux sur efs ãvmeutcmls iuturfs omlofrlglt eg imr`gtcmlprmifsscmllfeef, efs dciiãrflts puhecos, efs prmkfts pgrtgaãs, eg rfojfrojf dficlglof`flt,

Ymus geefz rfofvmcr ul gppfe tãeãpjmlcquf d'ul df lms omeeghmrgtfurs. Oftãojglaf gurg pmur hut d'cdfltcicfr ft `cfux omllgctrf vmtrf ãqucpf pãdgamacquf.

Lmus vmus rf`frocmls pgr gvglof df pgrtcocpfr â ofttf gotcml ft df vmtrfpefclf ft fltcêrf omeeghmrgtcml.

Hcfl omrdcgef`flt,

Xm`gcl YcdmrrftgYcof Rrãscdflt dãeãauã

VDG@??"

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3?

Gllfxf Z ;

Efttrf flvmyãf gux Dcrfotfurs smujgctglt ulf df`gldf

fxprc`ãf pgr ãorct.

VLCML DF_ G__MOCGTCML_ @V_COGEF_ DF EG ACXMLDF

Giicecãf â eg Iãdãrgtcml @uscogef d–Gquctgclf ft â eg Omliãdãrgtcml @uscogef df Irglof

Gssmocgtcml Emc 7fr kuceeft 7327 dãoegrãf

G e'gttfltcml df @`f eg Rrãscdfltfdf e'Fomef df @uscquf Grdceeg

Ojêrf Rrãscdfltf,

E'VDG@ ?? g hfsmcl df vmus.

Gicl d'miircr eg `fceefur climr`gtcml ft dciiusfr fiicogof`flt lms gotcmls guprês dfsgotfurs pãdgamacqufs df vmtrf struoturf, tfeefs quf ;

- efs imr`gtcmls ft rflomltrfs quc efs omlofrlflt (e'cllmvgtcml pãdgamacquf dgls egimr`gtcml ùscogef, eg pãdgamacf df armupf, e'utcecsgtcml dfs mutces lu`ãrcqufs,ùscquf ft jgldcogp, ...)

- efs prmkfts tfrrctmrcgux guqufes ces sfrmlt clvctãs â pgrtcocpfr (orãgtcml d'gtfecfrs dfojglt ojmrge dfstclãs gux jgldcogpãs, Gtojgigegyg ; mpãrg pmur fliglt goom`pgalãpgr e'Flsf`hef Mrojfstrge df Hmrdfgux, _tgafs df ùscqufs gotufeefs, fto.)

Lmus vmus clvctmls â lmus om`ùlcqufr efurs ommrdmllãfs (lm`s, prãlm`s, l² dftãeãpjmlf ft/mu f`gce)

Lmus vmus rf`frocmls pgr gvglof df pgrtcocpfr â ofttf omlsuetgtcml ft df vmtrf

pefclf ft fltcêrf omeeghmrgtcml.

Hcfl omrdcgef`flt,

Xm`gcl YcdmrrftgYcof Rrãscdflt dãeãauã

VDG@??

_cêaf _mocge ; Rôef Oueturfe FYB_CML Regof df eg Xãpuhecquf

??442 G@HGXF_ ft EGAXGYF

Omdf GRF ; 37? FG. _CXFT ; 4?2 293 366 222?9

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34

Gllfxf ZC ;

Xftrglsorcptcml d'ul fltrftcfl tãeãpjmlcquf typf

gvfo ul Dcrfotfur d'Fomef df @uscquf, dgls ef hutd'mhtflcr dfs climr`gtcmls sur efs prmifssfurs df eg

struoturf.

"Hmlkmur, kf sucs Jãeãlg Dfe`gs-Rgstmr, kf rfprãsfltf e'VDG@ ??.

] Hmlkmur = ] Kf vmus gppfeef ogr lmus smujgctmls `cfux omllgìtrf efs gotfurs

pãdgamacqufs df vmtrf struoturf. Lmus vmus gvmls flvmyã ul `gce

rãof``flt gicl df vmus prãvflcr df oft gppfe.

] Muc kf e'gc rfáu fl fiift.

] _frgct-ce pmsschef quf vmus `f om`ùlcqucfz eg om`pmsctcml df vmtrf

ãqucpf df prmifssfurs=

] Muc o'fst â dcrf= ] Efur lm` ft eg prgtcquf ùscogef qu'ces flsfcalflt.

] Muc d'goomrd.

] _frgct-ce pmsschef ãagef`flt quf vmus `f igsscfz pgrvflcr efurs

ommrdmllãfs= (@gce, gdrfssf ft sc pmsschef lu`ãrm df tãeãpjmlf).

] Muc `gcs qu'geefz vmus fl igcrf fl rãgectã=

] Ce s'gact fl igct df efs climr`fr â prmpms df prmkfts tfrrctmrcgux guxqufes

vmtrf struoturf pmurrgct pgrtcocpfr, df efur om`ùlcqufr efs imr`gtcmls qucefs omlofrlflt. @gcs gussc df vmus igcrf prmictfr df iclglof`flts pmur

e'ãeghmrgtcml dfs prmkfts â vflcr.

]D'goomrd kf vmus flvfrrgc eg ecstf dfs prmifssfurs goom`pgalãf df efurs

ommrdmlãfs pgr `gce, fl rãpmlsf â ofeuc quf vmus lmus gvfz flvmyã

rãof``flt.

]@froc hfguomup, hmllf kmurlãf!

] @froc gu rfvmcr."

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36

Tghef dfs `gtcêrfs

_m``gcrf

Xf`frocf`flts

Cltrmduotcml 7

RXF@CFXF RGXTCF ;

DCGALM_TCO DF E'G__MOCGTCML ; VLF _TXVOTVXF GV_FXYCOF D'VLF REVXGECTF D'GOTCML_, FL WVËTF DFYC_CHCECTF. 3

OJGRCTXF 7 ; DF_ DC_RM_CTCML_ IGYMXGHEF_, DF_ GTMVT_RMVX VL RXMKFT G@HCTCFVZ. 77

_fotcml 7 ; Vlf vmemltã df igcrf pfrdurfr eg qugectã df e'flsfcalf`flt grtcstcquf gu sfcldu dãpgrtf`flt. 77

_fotcml 8 ; Vlf imlotcml climr`gtcvf c`pmrtgltf gu sfcl d'ul rãsfgu omlstctuã. 76

_fotcml ? ; Dfs gotcvctãs muvfrtfs sur e'fxtfrcfur. 76_fotcml 4 ; E'gooufce du puheco ft eg afstcml df eg rfegtcml gvfo e'gdjãrflt. 7:

OJGRCTXF 8 ; EF_ EC@CTF_ DV IMLOTCMLLF@FLT ÃTGHEC. 73

_fotcml 7 ; Vlf mraglcsgtcml pfrifotchef. 73

_fotcml 8 ; Dfs flkfux clãagef`flt pfráus sfeml efs gotfurs df e'flsfcalf`flt ùscoge. 82

_fotcml ? ; Emogecsgtcml aãmargpjcquf ft emoge df e'Gssmocgtcml. 87

_fotcml 4 ; Vlf om`ùlcogtcml fl `glquf df vcschcectã. 88

_fotcml 6 ; Vlf imrtf dãpfldglof iclglocêrf. 8?

_fotcml 9 ; Afstcml df eg rfegtcml gvfo efs gdjãrflts. 8?

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OJGRCTXF ? ; VL FLYCXMLLF@FLT FL IMXTF ÃYMEVTCML. 84

_fotcml 7 ; Ef dcgalmstco df e'flvcrmllf`flt. 84g) Efs mppmrtulctãs quf pfut sgcscr e'Gssmocgtcml 84

h ) Efs `flgofs quc pmurrgcflt giigchecr e'VDG@ ?? 89_fotcml 8 ; Eg omlourrflof. 81

g) Eg omlourrflof dcrfotf 81 h) Eg omlourrflof cldcrfotf df e'VDG@ ?? ?2

DFVZCF@F RGXTCF ;

_MEVTCML_ ; OM@@FLT OXFFX EF_ OMLDCTCML_ D'VLFOM@@VLCOGTCML FIICOGOF = ?6

OJGRCTXF 7 ; CDFLTCICFX FT OEG__FX EF_ CLTFXEMOVTFVX_RMVX OMLLGCTXF EFVX_ HF_MCL_. ?:

_fotcml 7 ; Dãtfr`clfr eg ochef df lmtrf gotcml df om`ùlcogtcml. ?:

_fotcml 8 ; Xfojfrojf d'climr`gtcmls sur efs gdjãrflts fl vuf df dãtfr`clfr ul prmice dfprmspfot. 42

_fotcml ? ; Oegssf`flt dfs rãpmlsfs rfoufceecfs. 4?

OJGRCTXF 8 ; GOTCYFX EG OM@@VLCOGTCML GV _FCL D'VLXÃ_FGV. 44

_fotcml 7 ; Ef `fssgaf ft efs mhkfotcis. 44

_fotcml 8 ; Orãgtcml df eg lfwsefttfr jfhdm`gdgcrf df e'VDG@ ??. 46

_fotcml ? ; E'flvmc d'flquëtfs â hut climr`gtci. 43

_fotcml 4 ; Ftrf prãsflt sur Cltfrlft ft efs rãsfgux smocgux. 62

OJGRCTXF ? ; @FTTXF FL REGOF VL RXMKFT IÃDÃXGTFVX. 67

_fotcml 7 ; Efs imlotcmls ft mhkfotcis df eg `csf fl pegof d'ul prmkft. 67 g) Dfsorcptcml du prmkft fl euc-`ë`f 67 h) Of prmkft g dciiãrflts mhkfotcis 68

_fotcml 8 ; E'gspfot iclglocfr. Frrfur ! _calft lml dãiclc.

_fotcml ? ; Eg om`ùlcogtcml d'ul prmkft iãdãrgtfur. 69

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g) Ieyfrs 69h) Hrmojurf 61o) Regqufttf dãtgceeãf 61

_fotcml 4 ; Ef pegllcla prãvcscmllfe dfs gotcmls. 6:

Omloeuscml 92

Hchecmargpjcf 94

Tghef dfs gllfxfs 91

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Mémoire Udam 33 2013