Monceaux - Hist. Litt. Afrique Chretienne 04

7/31/2019 Monceaux - Hist. Litt. Afrique Chretienne 04

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8 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

e'Lpra slvaur% sb e'gk ka dgkklbsslbt axldtaoakt eas dlusas% eas

dgkhbtbgks at eas bkdbhakts hu dgonlt% eas prbkdbpas at eas hgd/

trbkas ak eutta% eas prâtaktbgks rbvleas has Âèbsas at has par/sgkkas% e'lttbtuha has prgtl`gkbstas% at eas boprassbgks dflk/àlktas ha da punebd ha ibhæeas hgkt eas dflopbgks ak prâsakda

sa hbsputlbakt eas îoas+ Ak uk ogt% Xgk ka slurlbt s'grbaktar

ê trlvars el ebttârltura kâa hu Hgkltbsoa% sb e'gk ka dgooak/àlbt plr prâdbsar da qu'l âtâ ea Hgkltbsoa% hlks sas grb`bkas at

sgk âvgeutbgk% hlks sas prbkdbpas at hlks sgk gr`lkbsltbgk%

hlks sgk røea raeb`baux at sgdble+

EaHgkltbsoa astuk sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% axdeusbvaoakt lirbdlbk 3

ê da tbtra% be tbakt uka pelda ê plrt% at igrt bopgrtlkta% hlkse'fbstgbra hu dfrbstblkbsoa egdle+ Be ast kâ% ê Dlrtflà at ak Ku/obhba% has plssbgks at has quaraeeas hu plys+ Fgrs h'Lirbqua% be

k'l radrutâ ha ibhæeas qua hlks eas dgegkbas h'Lirbdlbks+ T'be l

peus h'uka igbs prgvgquâ e'bktarvaktbgk has aoparaurs% has

Aèbsas âtrlk`æras% has dgkdbeas h'Btleba gu ha @luea% d'ast tgu/

mgurs plr subta ha sas vbgeakdas gu has hâsgrhras hgkt be âtlbt

e'gddlsbgk3 ak eub/oíoa% be l elbssâ tgut ê ilbt bkhbiiârakts easdfrâtbaks h'gutra/oar+ Ak Lirbqua% lu dgktrlbra% be l au pakhlktpeusbaurs `âkârltbgks uk suddæs axtrlgrhbklbra3 be l suraxdbtâ%

dgooa uka raeb`bgk kguvaeea% eas asprbts at eas plssbgks pgpu/elbras3 gppgslkt prasqua plrtgut âvíqua ê âvíqua% dgoouklutâê dgoouklutâ% be l dgkstbtuâ uka Âèbsa bkhâpakhlkta% lvadhas rlobibdltbgks hlks tguta el dgktrâa at musqua hlks eas dlo/pl`kas% uka Aèbsa lussb pubsslkta% lussb rbdfa ak fgooas at

ak nbaks qua e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% peus pubsslkta oíoa ê dar/tlbks ogoakts at hlks dartlbkas râ`bgks3 pakhlkt uk sbædea% be

l taku títa lu Dltfgebdbsoa at lu pguvgbr dbvbe% râsbstlkt guâdflpplktlux parsâdutbgks% parsâdutlkt oíoa sas lhvarslbras%

tarrgrbslkt has pgpueltbgks aktbæras% elsslkt el pltbakda has

`guvarkaurs rgolbks at has aoparaurs3 vlbkdu akibk lu taopsh'Luùstbk% be l survâdu gnsdurâoakt ak nbak has hbstrbdts% sur/

tgut ak Kuobhba% gò% præs ha haux sbædeas peus tlrh% be gslbt

akdgra oakldar e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea+ Avbhaooakt% uka sadta sb

pubsslkta% sb vbvlda% sb râsbstlkta at sb luhldbausa% lvlbt ha træs

s+ be bhas lttldfas hlks ea plys3 aeea lvlbt su `l`kar e'îoa h'ukangkka plrtba has pgpueltbgks lirbdlbkas% hgkt aeea ielttlbt eas

sadræe / lspbrltbgks plr eas prbkdbpas hbrbàlkts ha sl hgdtrbka

ae ha sl pgebtbqua+ Zlr eê+ ea Hgkltbsoa 3b âtâ uk ildtaur assak/

tbae hlks e'fbstgbra% kgk saueaoakt hu dfrbstblkbsoa egdle% olbsha e'Lirbqua aeea/oíoa ak das taops/eê+

Das, da qu'lvlbakt nbak dgoprbs peusbaurs ha kgs `rlkhs



EAT TGQ^DAT 1

âruhbts h'lutraigbs% lutaurs h'bopgrtlktas ogkg`rlpfbas sur ea

sdfbsoa lirbdlbk '+ Hapubs haux sbædeas% ea sumat k'l pls âtâ trlbtâ

h'aksaonea% slui hlks ha dgurtas asqubssas >3 at d'ast oíoa

saueaoakt ha kgs mgurs qua ea Hgkltbsoa l ha kguvalu lttbrâ

sârbausaoakt e'lttaktbgk has fbstgrbaks ha e'Âèbsa gu ha e'Lirb/

qua 4+ Has âtuhas træs kauvas sur el dfrgkgeg`ba has grb`bkas

hu sdfbsoa 8% has hâdguvartas lrdfâgeg`bquas guâpb`rlpfbquas 1

%

ha ngkkas âhbtbgks drbtbquas has Ŕuvras h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk 9%

kgs rastbtutbgks h'uka plrtba ha el ebttârltura hgkltbsta 0

%paroat/

takt lumgurh'fub ha raprakhra el quastbgk sur ha kguvaeeasnlsas+ Be ka s'l`bt pls bdb ha railbra e'fbstgbra dgopeæta hu

<" Xbeeaogkt% Oâogbras sur e'fbstgbra

addeâsblstbqua% t+ YB% p+ </<243 920/0>9

&di+ t+ VBBB" 3 Hupbk% Fbsegrbl Hgkltbsel/ruo &hlks sgk âhbtbgk h'Gptlt% Zlrbs% <0::%

p+ b xevbbb" 3 Ogkuoaktl víearl lh Hgkl/tbstlruo Bhstgrblo parebkaktbl &bnbh+%

p+ >>4/1>:"3 Kgrbs% Fbsegrbl Hgkltbsel/ruo &fbstgbra elbssâa bkldfavâa plr ea dlr/

hbkle Kgrbs 3 dgopeâtâa at punebâa plr eas

Nleearbkb hlks eaur âhbtbgk has Ŕuvras haKgrbs% t+ BY% Yârgka% <04>% p+ 908"+

>" Ogrdaeeb% Lirbdl dcrbseblkl% Nrasdbl%

<6<0 &kgtbdas sur ea Hgkltbsoa hlks eas

tgoas Q at BBB" 3 I+ ^bnnadc% Hgkleus ukhLu`bbsebkus%AUnariaU5U% <616+ ‘ Di+ Hautsdf%

Hrab Lctakseòaca zur @asdfbdfta hasHgklebsous% Narebk% <6013 YŔetar% HarQrspruk` has Hgklebsous% Irabnur`/b/N+%

<664 3 :+ Taadc% \uaeeak ukh Qrcukhakuanar hba LkiŔkà has Hgklebsous%hlks el ]abesdfrbie iur Cbrdfakàsdfbdfta%t+ V &<662"% p+ 1:1 3 t+ VVV% > &<2:2"%

p <6< 3 ]abesdfrbie% iur âdfeàsdfbdfea%t+ V &<662"% p+ <88 at <00+

4" El dfrgkgeg`ba has grb`bkas hu Hgkl/tbsoa l âtâ prâdbsâa at ak plrtba rakguva/eâa plr ea dâeænra oâogbra ha Os r Hu/dfaska &Ea Hgssbar hu Hgkltbsoa% Ngrka%

<62: 3 axtrlbt has Oâelkàs ha YAdgea ha^goa% t+ V% <62:% p+ 162"+ O+ Zleeu haEassart% hlks ea tgoa << ha sas Ilstas hasprgvbkdas lirbdlbkas &Zlrbs% <2:<"% l lussb

naludgup dgktrbnuâ ê âeudbhar das quas/tbgks hbiibdbeas+ Eas trlvlux ha das hauxslvlkts kgus gkt âtâ h'uk `rlkh sadgurs+‘ Oaktbgkkgks akdgra uka sârba h'guvrl/às râdakts qub tgudfakt peus gu ogbks ê

e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa = Ngbssbar% El Ibkhu Zl`lkbsoa% Zlrbs% <62<% t+ B% p+ 6>

3

@l`kît% E'lroâa rgolbka h'Lirbqua%Zlrbs% <62>% p+ 99 3 Flrkldc% @asdf+ harletdfrbsee+ Ebttar+% t+ B% Eabpzb`% <624%

H + 081 3 Hba Dfrgkgeg`ba har letdfrbsee+

Ebeear+% t+ Be% Eabpzb`% <2:8% p+ 8143 Xfbbo/oae% ]ur Naurefabeuk` has Hgkltbsous%Fleea% <624 3 Iarræra% El sbtultbgk raeb/

`bausa ha e'Lirbqua rgolbka hapubs el

ibk hu BYa sbædea musqu'ê e'bkvlsbgk hasYlkhleas% Zlrbs% <620% p+ <>0 3 Fgeoa%Xfa axtbkdtbgk gi tfa Dfrbstblk dfurdfasbk Kgref Lirbdl% Eguhgk% <626% p+ 883@saee% Igubeeas ha Nakblk+ Zlrbs% <622%

p+ >:3 E'Le`ârba hlks e'lktbqubtâ% Leàr%

<2::% p+ 91 3 Eas ogkuoakts lktbquasha e'Le`ârba% Zlrbs% <2:<% t+ BB% p+ <01 3

Luhgeeakt% Dlrtflà rgolbka% Zlrbs% <2:,%

p+ 1:1 at 0423 F+ Eadeardq% E'Lirbquadfrâtbakka% Zlrbs% <2:8% t+ B% p+ 4<> 3 t+ BB%

p+ 26 = Olrtrgya% Qka taktltbva ha râvg/eutbgk sgdblea ak Lirbqua3 Hgklebstas at

Dbrdgkdaeebgks% Zlrbs% <2:8 &axtrlbt ha el

âvua has quastbgks fbstgrbquas" 3 @ak/sârbd% Zlrbs% <2:0% p+ 4 3 Hudfaska% Fbs/tgbra lkdbakka ha e'Aèbsa% t+ BB% Zlrbs%

<2:0% p+ <:< at >493 t+ BBB% <2<:% p+ <:0+

8" Hudfaska% Ea Hgssbar hu Hgkltbsoa%Fgoa% <62: 3 Zleeu ha Eassart% Ilstas hasprgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% t+ BB% Zlrbs% <2:< 3

Flrkldc% Hba Dfrgkgeg`ba har letdfrbsee+

Ebttar+% t+ BB% Eabpzb`% <2:8% p+ 844+

1" Turtgut eas igubeeas h'Lel Obeblrbl% hlks

el prgvbkda h'Grlk &di+ @saee% Igubeeas ha

Nakblk% Zlrbs% <622"% at eas hâdguvartas

hu dgoolkhlkt @uâkbk hlks ea dardea haXanassl+

9" Ahbtbgk h'Gptlt plr ]bwsl% Ybakka at

Eabpzb`% <6243 âhbtbgk has trlbtâs lktbhg/

kltbstas h'Luùstbk% plr Zatsdfakb`% Ybakka

at Eabpzb`% <2:6/<2<: &vge+ VVYB at EB/EBBB

hu Dgrpus sdrbpegr+addeas+ elt+ punebâ plr

e'Ldlhâoba ha Ybakka"+

0" D+ N+ ha e'Ldlh+ has Bksdrbpt+%

<2:9% p+ 8:3 >>93 4<83 <2:0% p+ 8<2 3 â/

vua ha Zfbegeg`ba% <2:9% p+ ><6 at >69 3

<2:0% p+ >63 <<< 3 >8<+



9 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% olbs% sbopeaoakt% ha pgsar eas mlegks ha datta

fbstgbra% h'ak bkhbquar kattaoakt eas âtlpas% surtgut ha olr/quar lvad prâdbsbgk eas trlbts assaktbaes at ea røea hu Hgkltbsoa%libk ha radgkstbtuar ea dlhra fbstgrbqua bkhbspakslnea ê kgtraakquíta ebttârlbra+

\ugbqua naludgup h'Ŕuvras at ha hgduoakts lbakt hbsplruslks ratgur% eas sgurdas sgkt akdgra træs lngkhlktas at træs

vlrbâas+ D'ast h'lngrh ea ebvra h'Gptlt% hgkt gk l oâhbt plrigbs%

at ê qub e'gk l pu raprgdfar quaequas oâprbsas% olbs qub k'akl pls ogbks uka vleaur ha praobar grhra = kgus lvgks eê ea

tâogb`klà h'uk dgktaopgrlbk% durbaux has grb`bkas husdfbsoa% at sguvakt h'uk tâogbk gduelbra gu lurbduelbra% hgktel ngkka igb k'ast pls hgutausa+ Zubs% d'ast ea `rgupa bopgslkthas guvrlàs lktbhgkltbstas h'Luùstbk% trlbtâs% sarogks% eat/

tras% pgæoa = guvrlàs h'uka oarvabeeausa rbdfassa hgduoak/tlbra at h'uka axldtbtuha prasqua bopaddlnea% obka ha raksab/

`kaoakts prâdbs sur tgutas eas pârbghas at tgus eas lspadts haseuttas aktra eas haux Âèbsas+

L das sgurdas ebttârlbras s'lmgutakt eas sgurdas fbstgrbquasprgpraoakt hbtas+ Qka iguea ha hgduoakts kgus sgkt plrvakusbktldts% prasqua tgus hlks ea taxta grb`bkle 3 h'lutras% ak `rlkhkgonra â`leaoakt% kgus sgkt dgkkus hu ogbks plr has irl`/

oakts% has lkleysas gu has leeusbgks+ Zbædas ha dflkdaeearba =

has egbs% hasrasdrbts at lutras eattras h'aoparaurs% hapubs Dgks/tlktbk musqu ê Fgkgrbus at Rleaktbkbak BBB% oíoa musqu'luxaoparaurs nyzlktbks hu vb a sbædea3 has âhbts ha `guvarkaurslirbdlbks 3 has eattras ha hbvars igkdtbgkklbras bopârblux+Hgduoakts addeâsblstbquas = has dgrraspgkhlkdas h'âvíquas% hadeards gu ha ibhæeas3 has prgdæs/varnlux ha dgkiârakdas dgktrl/hbdtgbras3 surtgut% uka bkdgoplrlnea sârba ha pbædas raeltbva s

lux dgkdbeas dltfgebquas gu sdfbsoltbquas+ Hgduoakts muhb/dblbras = has hgssbars ha prgdæs gu h'akquítas giibdbaeeas3 haspelbktas% has raquítas% has râqubsbtgbras at has pelbhgyars% has

lrríts3 ibas prgdæs/varnlux ha tguta sgrta+ Hgduoakts lrdfâg/eg`bquas gu âpb`rlpfbquas% râdaooakt hâdguvarts% tâogbksbrrâduslneas at dgktaopgrlbks has ilbts = has rubkas ha nlsb/

ebquas% eas bksdrbptbgks hgkltbstas ha Nakblk gu ha Kuobhba+Be ast uka lutra sgurda h'bkigroltbgk qua e'gk k'l ùæra utb/

ebsâa musqu'bdb% at pgur dlusa = d'ast el ebttârltura hgk+be bsta aeea/

oíoa+ B"3os sl eutta gnstbkâa dgktra e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea at plrigbs dgktra eas raprâsaktlkts ha e'Âtlt% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua k'lau `lrha ha kâèbàr el

pgeâobqua+Aeea s'ase

hâiakhuaplr ea

ebvra% ea plopfeat% ea sarogk% el eattra% el prgdeloltbgk at ea



EAT TGQ^DAT 0

dflkt pgpuelbra% ea pelbhgyar at ea hbsdgurs ha dgkdbea+ Aeea l

prghubt ha rahgutlneas pgeâobstas% h'flnbeas lvgdlts% ha vb`gu/raux grltaurs+ Datta ebttârltura% egk`taops oâdgkkua at dgksb/hârâa dgooa parhua% ast pgurtlkt lrrbvâa musqu'ê kgus plr/tbaeeaoakt+ Has trlbtâs% has sarogks% has plopfeats% has eattras%

has hbsdgurs% sa sgkt dgksarvâs tgut aktbars% gu trlksdrbts êplrt% gu bksârâs hlks has raduabes ha hgduoakts% gu raprghubtspfrlsa plr pfrlsa hlks eas râiutltbgks has Dltfgebquas qub kgusigurkbssakt eas âeâoakts h'uka rastbtutbgk dgopeæta = plr

axaopea% has eattras ha Hgkltbstas% has sarogks at has raeltbgksolrtyrgeg`bquas% uk trlbtâ haXydgkbus% has plopfeats ha Zatb/

eblkus% ha @luhaktbus% ha Iueàktbus% eas bkkgonrlneas hbs/

dgurs has âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà+H'lutras Ŕuvras hgkltbstas% be rasta hu ogbks has irlòakts% plr/igbs sb kgonraux at sb oâtfghbquaoakt dbtâs qu'gk paut radgk/stbtuar tgut ea dgktaku hu ebvra = d'ast ea dls pgur has guvrlàsha Zlroakblkus% ha Xydgkbus% ha Zatbeblkus% ha Drasdgkbus%

h'Aoarbtus% ha @luhaktbus% ha Ybkdaktbus% at lutras+ Eas prbkdb/plux pgeâobstas hu Hgkltbsoa sgkt pgur kgus tgut lutra dfgsaqua has kgos3 gk paut eas muàr sur eaurs ebvras% sur eaur styea+

Eaurs Ŕuvras% qub paroattakt ha dgktrøear eas râiutltbgks has

Dltfgebquas% gkt klturaeeaoakt uka vleaur hgduoaktlbra fgrseb`ka+ Tb el ebttârltura hgkltbsta ka sa paut dgoprakhra slkse'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa% ak ravlkdfa% aeea hgbt ítra e'uka has prbk/

dbpleas sgurdas ha datta fbstgbra+

Hlks e'âvgeutbgk hu Hgkltbsoa% kgus hbstbkùargks qultra`rlkhas pârbghas+ El praobæra vl has grb`bkas ê el dgkhlokl/tbgk hu sdfbsoa plr Dgkstlktbk% ak 4<9+ El sadgkha s'âtakh

hapubs el praobæra parsâdutbgk% ak 4<0% musqu'ê e'aktrâa ak

sdæka h'Luùstbk% ak 42< gu 42>+ Hlks da egk` asplda ha taops%

peusbaurs âvâkaoakts bopgrtlkts olrquakt ea prg`ræs gu ea

radue% lu ogbks lpplrakt% ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua = âhbt ha

tgeârlkda ha 4>< 3 âhbt h'ukbgk at parsâdutbgk ha 480 3 vbgeakta

râldtbgk sgus e'aoparaur Muebak% ak 49> 3 kguvalux âhbts dgktraea sdfbsoa% hapubs 404+ El trgbsbæoa pârbgha ast el eutta hâdb/

sbva has haux Âèbsas lu taops h'Luùstbk &42>/84:"+ El qul/

trbæoa at harkbæra pârbgha ast el egkùa l`gkba hu Hgkltbsoa%

qub% ole`râ has ratgurs giiaksbis% s'liilbnebt at hbsplrlët prg/

`rassbvaoakt hlks e'Lirbqua vlkhlea% pubs hlks e'Lirbqua

nyzlktbka+




BB

Eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa% musqu'ê el dgkhlokltbgk hu sdfbsoa plb Dgkstlktbk&4F/4B@"+ ‘ Eas dlusas hu sdfbsoa+ ‘ Hlta ha sgu lpplrbtbgk+ // @rlkhkgonra has elpsb pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak+ ‘ Oleaktakhus aktra

Oaksurbus% âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% at Tadukhus% prbolt ha Kurlbhba+ ‘ Olkbiastahas olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl+ ‘ Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl+ ‘ Lttlquas at bktrbùas dgktraOaksurbus at sgk lrdfbhbldra Dladbeblkus+ ‘ Ea prâtakhu sdfbsoa ha Hgklt hasDlsas/Kgbras+ ‘ Ogrt ha Oaksurbus+ ‘ Aeadtbgk ha Dladbeblkus ê Dlrtflà+ ‘Zrgtastltbgks dgktra datta âeadtbgk+ ‘ Lppae lu prbolb ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Dgkdbeahas hbssbhakts ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ ^øea ha Eudbeel+ / X Aeadtbgk hg Olmgrbkus% pubs ha

Hgklt% ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Gr`lkbsltbgk hu plrtb% qub raàgbt ea kgo ha Zlrs Hgkltb+‘ âquíta ê Dgkstlktbk+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha ^goa+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgk has hbssbhakts+ ‘Akquíta sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+ ‘ Dgkdbea h'Lreas+ ‘ Lppae has Hgkltbstas ê

e'aoparaur+ ‘ Fâsbtltbgks ha Dgkstlktbk+ ‘ Zrgdæs hu plpa Tbevdstra+ ‘ Obssbgk

has âvâquas Aukgobus at Geyopbus ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Taktakda ha Dgkstlktbk+

El rlbsgk prgigkha has rlpbhas suddæs hu Hgkltbsoa plrlët

ítra hlks e'âtlt sgdble ha e'Lirbqua% hlks ea oâdgktaktaoakt at

el obsæra h'uka plrtba has pgpueltbgks% at% lussb% hlks e'gr`lkb/

sltbgk lkgrolea ha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% hlks el sgurha fgstbebtâhas prbolts ha Kuobhba dgktra e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% qub sur

tguta el dgktrâa axaràlbt hapubs egk`taops e'lutgrbtâ h'ukpltrblrdfa slks ak lvgbr ea tbtra+ El dlusa booâhblta hu sdfbsoaiut el hbiibduetâ ha râèar el sbtultbgk has ibhæeas at has deards qub

lvlbakt âtâ dgoprgobs h'uka ilàgk gu h'lutra hlks el parsâdu/tbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak+ El quastbgk has elpsb ast ê e'grb`bka husdfbsoa hgkltbsta% dgooa has sdfbsoas hu taops ha @yprbak+

Aeea trgufel e'Âèbsa h'Lirbqua pakhlkt peusbaurs lkkâas% atloakl ha `rlvas oleaktakhus% qu'akvakboærakt akdgra hasquaraeeas ha parsgkkas% has mlegusbas at has rlkdukas+ \ulkt ê

el ruptura hâibkbtbva% e'gddlsbgk% gu ea prâtaxta% ak iut e'âead/

tbgk ha Dladbeblkus dgooa âvgqua ha Dlrtflà% ak 4< <

El hbvarsbtâ ha das dlusas axpebqua el hbvaràkda has fbstg/

rbaks sur el hlta ha e'lpplrbtbgk hu sdfbsoa+ Gk e'l ilbt dgooak/dar tlktøt% h'uka ilàgk vlùa% ê el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak%

tlktøt ê el râukbgk h'âvíquas kuobhas% hbta « Dgkdbea ha Dbrtl ³%

ak 4:1% tlktøt lu prâtakhu sdfbsoa ha Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras%

qu'gk pelda uk pau lu flslrh ak 4:9% tlktøt lu dgkdbea has hbs/

sbhakts qub prgkgkàl ak 4<> el hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus+ Akrâlebtâ% el harkbæra ha das hltas ast sauea axldta3 eas lutrasolrquakt sbopeaoakt eas âtlpas has oleaktakhus h'gò sgrtbt ea

sdfbsoa prgpraoakt hbt+ gptît% slks hguta% ilbt raogktar mus/

qu'ê el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak eas grb`bkas ha el ruptura <

3

<" Gptît% B+ <4/<8+



EAT G^B@BKAT 2

olbs be lmguta qua datta ruptura âdeltl lpræs e'grhbkltbgk haOlmgrbkus ak 4<>'+ Eas tâogb`klàs h'Luùstbk sur da pgbktpauvakt saonear% ê praobæra vua% dgktrlhbdtgbras3 dapakhlkt%bes sa dgkdbebakt lbsâoakt+ Luùstbk âdrbt% plr axaopea = « Be s'ast

âdgueâ peus ha qulrlkta lks aktra el plssbgk ha Dyprbak at

e'bkdakhba has ebvras slbkts% bkdakhba h'gò eas Hgkltbstas gkt tbrâ

el iuoâa ha eaurs dlegokbas% at gò bes gkt trguvâ e'gddlsbgk hailbra uk sdfbsoa 6

³+ Dael sb`kbiba sbopeaoakt qua eas Hgkltbstas%pgur mustbibar eaur sdbssbgk% gkt lddusâ eas Dltfgebquas h'lvgbrebvrâ eas Âdrbturas lux parsâdutaurs+ Lbeeaurs% plrelkt ha el

râukbgk ha Dbrtl ak 4:1% Luùstbk âdrbt = « Hlks el oíoa dbtâ

ha Dgkstlktbka% vgs lkdítras gkt grhgkkâ âvíqua Tbevlkus% ludgooakdaoakt oíoa ha eaur sdfbsoa 4

³+ At da taxta saoneas'lddgrhar lvad ea prgdæs/varnle ha e'lssaoneâa âpbsdgplea% gò ea

kavau hu prbolt Tadukhus hbt lu prâsbhakt% ê prgpgs hae'âvíqua Zurpurbus = l BB ast prít ê sa ratbrar at ê ilbra sdfbsoa%kgk saueaoakt eub% olbs tgus daux qua tu lddusas - ³+ Dapakhlkt%ea prâsbhakt k'bksbstl pls 3 da qub supprbolbt tgut prâtaxta

hasdbssbgk+ Ak ilbt% vars ea oíoa taops% el dgrraspgkhlkda huprbolt ha Kuobhba lvad Oaksurbus ha Dlrtflà prguva qua eas

haux âvgquas rastlbakt ak dgooukbgk 13 at ea taxta h'Luùstbk

raeltbi ê el râukbgk ha Dbrtl sb`kbiba saueaoakt qua datta râukbgkiut e'uk has syoptøoas lvlkt/dguraurs hu iutur sdfbsoa+ Akaiiat% ea oíoa Luùstbk hâdelra igroaeeaoakt% hlks h'lutrasplsslàs% qua ea sdfbsoa k'l pls dgooakdâ lvlkt el ogrt ha

Oaksurbus ak 4<<= «

Lu sumat ha Oaksurbus%âdrbt/be%

qua râpgk/hrlb/ma7 Ha sgk taops% at musqu'lu mgur ha sl ogrt% luduka plr/

tba hu paupea k'l âtâ hâtldfâa ha e'ukbtâ dltfgebqua 3 eas eattras

oíoas ha Tadukhus ha Xb`bsb% gò e'gk prâtakh trguvar ukneîoa dgktra Oaksurbus% hâogktrakt qu'bes gkt aktrataku aktraaux uka dgrraspgkhlkda pldbibqua at qu'bes sgkt rastâs ak dgo/oukbgk ³

9+ Lbksb% eas tâogb`klàs h'Luùstbk% âdelbrâs e'uk

plr e'lutra% dgkibroakt daux h'Gpelt+ \ulkt ê Hgklt has Dlsas/

Kgbras% kgus k'lvgks luduka hgkkâa prâdbsa sur ea røea qu'gkeub lttrbnua pakhlkt datta praobæra pârbgha 3 ak tgut dls% rbak

<" Gptît% B% <1 = « Olmgrbkuo% dumus tu

dltfahrlo sahas% pgse grhbkltbgkao Dudrb/eblub grhbklvarukt% safbsol ildbaktas ³+

>" Luùstbk% Ha nlpbbsog dgktrl Hg/7bltbstls% Y% <% < = « Hbvbkgruo dghbduoaxusebgkao% ukhabstb% dleuokblruo sulruoiuogs mldtlktas% gkdlsbgkao ildbakhb sdfbs/oltbs bkvakarukt ³+

4" Dgktrl ebetarls Zaheblkb% B% ><% >4 =

'5 Bk alhao Dgkstlktbkbaksb abvbelea Tbevl/

kuo apbsagpuo olmgras vastrb bk bpsg axgr/

hbg sub sdfbsolebs grhbklvarukt ³+

8b Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4: =

« Zlrleus ast radahara at safbsol ildara%

kgk tlktuo bpsa% sah at gokas qugs lrùbs ³

+

1" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <4/<1% >1/>0+

9" Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <9% >2 = « ,;53

Oaksurbg lutao qubh raspgkhalo 7 duoamus taopgra usqua lh gnbtus hbao peansukbtltbs kueel dgksdbssl ast+++ ³+



<: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

ka prguva qu'be lbt âtâ hæs egrs ea dfai h'uk `rgupa ha vrlbs« sdfbsoltbquas ³% lu saks axldt hu ogt% kb qu'be lbt eub/oíoargopu dgopeætaoakt% hæs 4:9% lvad e'Âèbsa ha Dlrtflà+

D'ast hgkd plr subta h'uk oleaktakhu qua e'gk l ibxâ ê has hltashbiiâraktas el praobæra lpplrbtbgk hu Hgkltbsoa+ Eas hbvar/àkdas hbsplrlbssakt% sb e'gk s'aktakh sur el vleaur has ogts+\ua el dlusa prbkdbplea hu sdfbsoa lbt âtâ hlks el hbiibduetâ harâèar el sbtultbgk has kgonraux âvíquas% deards gu elçquas%dgoprgobs hlks el parsâdutbgk% da k'ast pls hgutaux+ \ua el

oâsbktaeebàkda lbt âdeltâ hæs ea taops ha el parsâdutbgk at sa

sgbt l``rlvâa ha peus ak peus% d'ast akdgra bkdgktastlnea3 at ea

olkbiasta has olrtyrs h Lnbtbkl% el dgrraspgkhlkda aktra Oak/surbus at Tadukhus% eas sdækas sdlkhleausas ha e'âeadtbgk at hae'grhbkltbgk ha Tbevlkus ê Dbrtl% eas lttlquas dgktra Oaksu/rbus at sgk lrdfbhbldra Dladbeblkus% âtlbakt lssurâoakt ha `rlvassyoptøoas+ Olbs tgut dael k'lvlbt ilbt qua prâplrar ea tarrlbk+

Ak râlebtâ% be râsueta kattaoakt has râdbts h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk%dgooa has hgduoakts dgksarvâs% qua ea sdfbsoa prgpraoakthbt dgooakàl saueaoakt ak 4<>% egrsqua ea dgkdbea has hbssb/

hakts% ê Dlrtflà% hâpgsl Dladbeblkus at grhgkkl Olmgrbkus+ Gkk'ak hgbt pls ogbks raogktar peus flut% pgur hâoíear delbra/

oakt eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa+El parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak % âdeltlkt lpræs uka egkùa

pârbgha ha plbx% lvlbt surprbs e'Âèbsa h'Lirbqua at aktrlëkâ nalu •

dgup ha hârgutas <

+ Tlks hguta% eas olrtyrs lvlbakt âtâ kgo/nraux3 at eaur fârgçsoa ast lttastâ plr has raeltbgks grb`bkleas%plr ea Dleakhrbar ha Dlrtflà% plr has bksdrbptbgks oaktbgkklkteaurs raebquas+ Olbs eas lpgstlsbas% gu% tgut lu ogbks% eas haob/lpgstlsbas lvlbakt âtâ bkkgonrlneas% surtgut ak Kuobhba+ Gklvlbt vu% ak olbkt akhrgbt% has dfrâtbaks rakbar eaur igb% hasdeards% musqu'ê has âvíquas% s'aoprassar ha raoattra lux ol`bs/trlts has ebvras slbkts dgoprgoattlkts+ L Dbrtl% kgtlooakt% ea

prgdæs/varnle giibdbae has slbsbas% qub kgus ast plrvaku bktldt%

kgus pabkt sur ea vbi e'aiigkhraoakt ogrle ha tgut ea dear`â%

âvíqua ak tæta/+ Hæs qua el parsâdutbgk sa rleaktbt% eas rakâ`lts%eas àks ê el dgksdbakda bkqubæta% dgooakdærakt ê s'akflrhbr%F sgk`ærakt lux ogyaks ha raprakhra eaur pelda hlks e'Âèbsa+

L el oâtfgha trlhbtbgkkaeea% qub k'leelbt pls slks quaequas fuob/ebltbgks '/B uka egkùa pâkbtakda% bes prâiârærakt el pguhra lux

e"Gptlt% <%<4/<8 at >:3 BBB% 63 Ldel Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >0 % 4: 3 Lh HgkltbstlsTltbk ob % =b ûbklrt3 Ldel Drbspbkla% B

3 pgst Dgeeît+% >>% +'{C+

Zlssbg Olxbola% B+ Ldel pur`ltbgkbs >" Libk Oukleb Iaebdbs% U5+ <69/<66Iaebdbs% p+ >:< +bfob 3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ]bwsl





<> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

iræras at h'fgkgrar has olrtyrs+ Gk sa hâdflëklbt peus akdgradgktra @ladbeblkus% e'lrdfbhbldra% qub lvlbt subvb trgp pgkdtuae/

eaoakt eas bkstrudtbgks hae'âvíqua% at qub% plr eê% s'âtlbt trguvâhbradtaoakt lux prbsas lvad el iguea <

+

Hæs qua das lddusltbgks iurakt dgkkuas ak Kuobhba% aeeas yaurakt klturaeeaoakt naludgup h'âdfg+ Gk y mleguslbt e'âvíqua

ha Dlrtflà% gk k'y plrelbt peus qua hu olrtyra3 gk y ieâtrbs/

slbt ha dgkiblkda tgus eas suspadts% lu ogbks daux hu hafgrs+Gk y lddaptl slks akquíta eas nrubts pgpuelbras = hæs egrs sa

prgplàl el eâàkha sur eas drboas ha Oaksurbus at ha Dladb/

eblkus% eâàkha flnbeaoakt axpegbtâa% qub leelbt havakbr e'ukhas lrtbdeas ha igb hu Hgkltbsoa+

Lvbsâ ha da qu'gk hbslbt ha eub ak Kuobhba% Oaksurbus muàlkâdasslbra h'axpebquar sl dgkhubta+ Be ea iët% træs kattaoakt at

træs irlkdfaoakt% hlks uka eattra qu'be âdrbvbt legrs ê Tadukhusha Xb`bsb% prbolt ha Kuobhba% prgnlneaoakt pgur s'aktakhra

lvad eub sur eas oasuras ê prakhra ê e'â`lrh has elpsb/+ Xgutpgrta ê drgbra qua e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà k'lvlbt dgoobs ludukailuta `rlva3 dlr sas lhvarslbras hu ogoakt% pubs eas Hgkltbstas%gkt au nalu pgursubvra pakhlkt peus h'uk sbædea e'bkstrudtbgk hasgk prgdæs% bes k'gkt mlolbs pu bkvgquar dgktra eub uka prauvasârbausa+ Hlks sl râpgksa ê Oaksurbus% ea prbolt ha Kuobhba sa

`lrhl h'lnsguhra sgk dfai% dgooa ha e'lttlquar guvartaoakt+Be lvlbt sas rlbsgks pgur ka pls trgp prâdbsar3 gk ea sgupàgkklbt%eub lussb% h'lvgbr ebvrâ eas Âdrbturas% at quaequas ogbs peus tlrh%

hlks e'lssaoneâa âpbsdgplea ha Dbrtl% gk e'lddusl h'lvgbr ilbneb

dgooa eas lutras 4+ Zgur sa tbrar h'aonlrrls% be bkluùrl uka

tldtbqua qub havlbt rastar dfæra ê el pgeâobqua hgkltbsta = be plrel

aopfltbquaoakt hu olrtyra% has ègrbaux dgkiassaurs hu plys%

hu dueta qu'gk eaur havlbt+ Bkdbhaooakt% be sa hgkklbt eub/oíoaak axaopea+ Lux giibdbars qub eub lhrasslbakt uka sgooltbgk% be

s'âtlbt dgktaktâ ha râpgkhra = « Ma subs dfrâtbak a< âvíqua% kgkuk trlëtra ³+ Ae eas parsâdutaurs k'lvlbakt gsâ bksbstar'+

Dgooakt sgupàgkkar uk fgooa dlplnea h'uk tae obrldea7 ‘Gk dgkkut vbta ak Lirbqua daeea dgrraspgkhlkda aktra eas hauxdfais hu dfrbstblkbsoa egdle% at ea râsuetlt vbsâ plr Tadukhusiut lttabkt = Oaksurbus% hgkt gk k'lvlbt oíoa pls hbsdutl

E'lpgeg`ba% rastl suspadt3 e'gk axletl peus qua mlolbs e'fârgçsoa

has Kuobhas% at ha eaur oghæea% ea prbolt ha Kuobhba+

b" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% be ae >: ebleuza3 4" Gptît% <% <8 3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/

Luùstbk% b ebeearls Zatbeblkb% BB% dgkbuo% <<<%>0% 4:3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+ %<<<%

>:>+ <1% >03 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% 40% <0+

>" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <4% 8" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <4%

>13 Dgkku @luhaktbuo% B% '+be% 80+





<8 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

s'lssurar qua tgus eas lssbstlkts sgkt hb`kas h'y prakhra plrt+

Xgur ê tgur% be bktarrgà sgeakkaeeaoakt qultra ha sas dgeeæùas%

suspadts h'lvgbr ebvrâ eas Âdrbturas = eas olefauraux lvguakt%ak pelbhlkt eas dbrdgkstlkdas lttâkulktas+ Olbs el sdæka dflkà%qulkh ea prbolt bktarpaeea Zurpurbus ha Eboltl% lddusâ h'lvgbr

tuâ haux ha sas kavaux ê Obeav = « Drgbs/tu hgkd o'aiçrlyardgooa eas lutras7 râpebqua Zurpurbus+ At tgb% qu'ls/tu hgkdilbt% tgb qua ea durltaur at ea Dgksabe gkt sgooâ ha raoattra eas

Âdrbturas7 Dgooakt t'as/tu tbrâ ha eaurs olbks% sb da k'ast quatu ls tgut ebvrâ gu ilbt ebvrar7 Gk ka t'l pls elbssâ leear slks

rlbsgk+ Af nbak, gub% m'lb tuâ% at ma tua qub oa `íka+ Ka vl plsoa prgvgquar% at o'ak ilbra hbra hlvlktlà+ Xu slbs qua ma kaoâklà parsgkka+ ³ Ea prâsbhakt parh dgktaklkda% at ka râpgkhrbak+ Gk ea oaklda h'uk sdfbsoa+ Be drlbkt ha sa trguvar saue

dgktra tgus% at rakgkda ê pgursubvra sgk akquíta = « Ygus vgusdgkklbssaz% hbt/be% at Hbau vgus dgkklët+ Zrakaz pelda+ ³ Xgusrâpgkhakt = « @rîdas ê Hbau , ³'+ At e'gk prgdæha ê e'grhbkltbgk+‘ Kgus vgbeê egbk ha el eattra flutlbka ha Tadukhus ê Oaksu/

rbus% egbk has dgooaktlbras bktrlksbàlkts sur ea olkbiasta hasolrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl+ At dapakhlkt% das âvíquas râukbs ê Dbrtl ak4:1 leelbakt ítra% sapt lks peus tlrh% eas prbkdbplux igkhltaursha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ Tlks hguta% bes tbakhrgkt uk lutraelk`là hlks eaur dgkdbea ha 4<>% gò bes hgkkargkt ea dflkàsur eaur dgkhubta plssâa ak bkdrbobklkt% ak hâpgslkt uk âvíquaha Dlrtflà 3 at eaurs fârbtbars s'lppaeeargkt aux/oíoas eas

« Tlbkts ³% eas l Zurs ³+ Olbs eaurs dgkiassbgks dykbquas ha

Dbrtl râvæeakt e'lutra ilda hu Hgkltbsoa% el tlra sadræta ha el

iutura Âèbsa+

Has hgduoakts qua kgus vakgks ha dbtar% be plrlët râsuetar &Seba%

hæs eas harkbars taops haelparsâdutbgkhaHbgdeâtbak ak Lirbqua%hæs eas lboâas 4:8/4:1% be s'âtlnebt aktra eas âvíquas kuobhas at

eas oâdgktakts ha Dlrtflà% sbkgk uka vârbtlnea aktakta% huogbks uka dgoouklutâ ha vuas+ Cbak ha peus hbvars% ê daogoakt% qua eas lspbrltbgks at eas ognbeas has haux `rgupas

h'gppgslkts = h'uka plrt% ak Kuobhba% uk prbolt lonbtbaux%lvbha ha mguar eas praobars røeas% at has âvíquas dgoprgobs+bkqubats «eas dgksâquakdas ha eaur ilbneassa3 h'lutra plrt% ê Dlrtflà% has dfrâtbaks bktrlksbàlkts% axletâs% sbkdæraoakt prâ/

vakus dgktra eaur âvíqua hgkt bes suspadtlbake el dgkhubta+Olbs el hbiiârakda has ognbeas brl s'lttâkulke pau ê pau aktraeas haux `rgupas% ê oasura qu'ak luòaktarl el dgopeaxbtâ%

e" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% eee% >0% 4:+



EAT G^B@BKAT <1

plr e'lhhbtbgk h'lutras âeâoakts+ Ak Kuobhba% ê døtâ has âvgquasdgoprgobs at tgut aktbars ê eaurs prâgddupltbgks â`gçstas% gk

varrl sa ouetbpebar eas bktrlksbàlkts sbkdæras% eas hâiaksaursaktfgusblstas at hâsbktârassâs hu olrtyra gu ha el hbsdbpebka+

L Dlrtflà% lu dgktrlbra% ea `rgupa prbobtbi has gppgslktsradrutarl has luxbeblbras h'uka ogrlebtâ oâhbgdra% lonbtbauxhâàus% hâpgsbtlbras bkibhæeas% hâvgtas axlspârâas+ Ak tgus dls%

hæs el ibk ha el parsâdutbgk% âvíquas kuobhas at oâdgktaktsha Dlrtflà âtlbakt dgopeætaoakt h'lddgrh sur uk pgbkt =

uka hâiblkda bkvbkdbnea ê e'â`lrh ha Oaksurbus at ha sgk aktgu/

rlà+ \u'uka gddlsbgk sa prâsakta3 at ha datta hâiblkda% dgooaha datta tldbta leeblkda% sgrtbrl ea sdfbsoa+Olefaurausaoakt% kgus ka pguvgks kgtar lvad prâdbsbgk%

pakhlkt eas lkkâas subvlktas% eas prg`ræs ha datta hgunea gppg/sbtbgk 3 dlr kgus dgkklbssgks ole e'fbstgbra ha e'Âèbsa h'Lirbquaaktra 4:1 at 4<<+ Be ast dartlbk% pgurtlkt% qua eas bktrbùas dgk/tbkuærakt% surtgut ê Dlrtflà+ Ha peus ak peus s'lddrâhbtlbt el

eâàkha sur el trlfbsgk at el drulutâ ha Oaksurbus% dguplnea%

hbslbt gk% h'lvgbr raobs lux ol bstrlts plçaks eas ebvras sldrâs%h'lvgbr lnlkhgkkâ eas dgkiassaurs hlks eaurs dldfgts% h'lvgbroíoa prgsdrbt ea dueta has olrtyrs+ El flbka hu vue`lbras'ldflrklbt surtgut dgktra e'lrdfbhbldra Dladbeblkus% hgkt e'gk

ilbslbt uka sgrta ha ngurralu = gk rldgktlbt qua% pakhlkt el par/sâdutbgk% be lvlbt ogktâ el `lrha lutgur has prbsgks% bktardap/tlkt tgut sadgurs% lpgstlkt has sltaeebtas qub âdlrtlbakt eas vbsb/

taurs ê dgups ha iguats% dgkhloklkt eas dgkiassaurs aoprbsgk/

kâs ê ogurbr ha ilboe

+ D'ast legrs slks hguta qu'gk ea surkgoolAuhbkapbsus% sgnrbquat bkmurbaux qub plrlbt ítra h'grb`bka pu/kbqua% at hgkt kgus b`kgrgks ea saks U H'lbeeaurs% Dladbeblkuss'âtlbt ilbt akdgra h'lutras akkaobs plr el rbùaur lvadelquaeea be bopgslbt ea raspadt ha el hbsdbpebka+ Zlrob eas dlusashbradtas hu sdfbsoa% gk hgbt dgoptar eas hâoíeâs ha e'lrdfb/hbldra lvad uka rbdfa at rahgutlnea hâvgta% kgooâa Eudbeel+D'âtlbt uka Aspl`kgea% hgkt eas flslrhs ha el vba lvlbakt ilbt

uka Dlrtfl`bkgbsa+ Aeea lvlbt uka igb aktfgusblsta hlks el vartuhas raebquas% at pgrtlbt sur aeea « uk gs ha ma ka slbs quae olr/tyr% sb akdgra d'âtlbt uk olrtyr ³ 4

+ Aeea lvlbt prbs e'flnbtuhah'aonrlssar sgk gs lu ogoakt ha dgooukbar+ Gr% hæs da taops/eê% ea dear`â lirbdlbk sa prâgdduplbt ha râèaoaktar ea duetahas raebquas 3 be k'lhoattlbt qua eas olrtyrs at eas slbkts lutg/

<" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% <0 Nleuza+ ‘ Di+ hbkapbsg tuka bkstlkta+++ ³+

bêbh+% >:+ 4" Gptît% <% <9+

>" Zlssbg Hgkltb% > = « Dladbeblkg Au/




rbsâs% dlkgkbsas+ E'lrdfbhbldra% fgooa ha ngk saks at kueea/oakt oystbqua% ka vbt qu'uka suparstbtbgk hlks eas prltbquas

hâvgtas ha Eudbeel3 be eub akmgb`kbt h'lnlkhgkkar sl prâtakhuaraebqua+ El hloa iut axlspârâa = peutøt qua ha rakgkdar ê sgkgs% aeea hâdelrl el ùarra ê e'lrdfbhbldra% ê e'âvíqua% ê tgut ea

dear`â+ Hâsgrolbs% el olbsgk ha Eudbeel iut ê Dlrtflà ea daktraha râukbgk at h'bktrbùas hu plrtb has oâdgktakts <

+

D'ast vars da taops/eê% `âkârleaoakt ak e'lkkâa 4:9% qua e'gk

pelda ea prâtakhu sdfbsoa ha Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras+ D'âtlbt ukKuobha% âvíqua gu lkdbak âvíqua ha Dlsas/Kgbras & Dlsla

Kb`rla" ak Kuobhba+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qu'be lvlbt âtâ dgo/prgobs h'uka ilàgk gu h'lutra hlks el parsâdutbgk at lvlbt âtâ

aksubta hâpgssâhâ ha sgk sbæà âpbsdgple 3 dlr gk ka ea rakdgktramlolbs hlks sgk âvídfâ+ Be âtlbt vaku sa ibxar ê Dlrtflà% at be

y havbkt ea prbkdbple dfai hu plrtb has gppgslkts+ Be mgul peustlrh uk røea prâpgkhârlkt hlks el drbsa qub hgkkl klbsslkda luHgkltbsoa'+ Gk l oøoa sguvakt râpâtâ% hapubs Xbeeaogkt 4

%

qu'be lvlbt âtâ ê Dlrtflà e'lutaur h'uk praobar sdfbsoa+ El

quastbgk ast igrt gnsdura+ Tlks hguta% Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbrasiut dgkhlokâ plr ea dgkdbea ha ^goa pgur lvgbr igoaktâ uksdfbsoa ê Dlrtflà% pgur lvgbr ranlptbsâ has lpgstlts at

bopgsâ eas olbks ê has âvíquas dguplneas -3 Luùstbk e'lddusa

lussb h'lvgbr âtâ ea praobar ê rgopra lvad e'Aèbsa.'+ Olbs gk kavgbt pls kattaoakt sb das taxtas sa rlppgrtakt lux hânuts huHgkltbsoa prgpraoakt hbt% gu ê uk sdfbsoa lktârbaur+ H'lutraplrt% Luùstbk hâdelra qua e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa k'l pls âtâ rgopualvlkt el hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus plr ea dgkdbea ha 4<>

ib

+ Taegktguta vrlbsaonelkda% Hgklt hæs Dlsas/Kgbras l âtâ saueaoaktmusqu'ê datta hlta ea dfai hu plrtb h'gppgsbtbgk 3 at da hgbt ítra

ê dlusa ha sgk røea pgstârbaur qua e'gk l ilbt ha eub% lpræs dgup%uk sdfbsoltbqua lvlkt ea sdfbsoa+ Be k'ak ast pls ogbks træs

sb`kbibdltbi% pgur e'fbstgbra has grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa% qua ea

dfai has oâdgktakts ha Dlrtflà lbt âtâ prâdbsâoakt uk âvíquakuobha+

El ogrt ha Oaksurbus% ak 4<<% igurkbt ê el hgunea gppgsbtbgkdlrtfl`bkgbsa at kuobha e'gddlsbgk ha plssar has plrgeas lux

<" Gptît% B% <6/<23 @astl lpuh ea+kg/ 8" Gptît% <%>8 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+%

pfbeuo% p+ <21/<29 ]bwsl3 Luùstbk% Apbs t++ BBB% <>% >83 Apbse+ <4% 1% <4/<93 <:1%

9% <03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >6% >% s+

4>+ ustbk% &'gutrl Drasdgkbuo% BB% <%

>" Gptlb% B+ >>/>93 Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% >3 >% 43 âtrldt+% B% >:% 83 Ha flaras+%

+%% <1/<9+ 92+

4" Xbeeaogkt% Pâogbrat sur e'fbstgbra 9" Luùstbk% Ha ukbdg nlptësog% <9% >2+

addeâsblstbqua% t+ YB% p+ 4 at 920+ ‘ Di+ ‘ Di+ Gptît% B% <1+

Ogrdaeeb% Lirbdl dfrbstblkl% t+ BB% p+ <26+



EAT G^B@BKA[ <0

ldtas+ E'Lirbqua hâpakhlbt legrs ha Olxakda+ El hâilbta huvbdlbra h'Lirbqua Leaxlkhar% qub lvlbt âtâ trgbs lks olëtra hu

plys% y lvlbt âtâ subvba h'ghbaux olssldras3 at e'gk y lnfgr/rlbt ea kgo hu vlbkquaur% havaku ea tyrlk <

+ Qk hbldra ha Dlr/

tbelà3 uk dartlbk Iâebx% trlhubsbt eas saktboakts ha sas dgopl/trbgtas hlks uk flrhb plopfeat dgktra Olxakda+ Ea prgdgksues'âout% at grhgkkl e'lrrastltbgk hu dguplnea+ Ea hbldra sa

râiu`bl hlks el olbsgk ha sgk âvgqua% qub raiusl ha ea ebvrar >+

D'âtlbt ea taops gò Olxakda% pgur hâmguar eas pelks ha Dgks/tlktbk% dfardflbt ê sa dgkdbebar eas dfrâtbaks ak prgoueùlkt ukâhbt ha tgeârlkda 4 + Ea `guvarkaur k'gsl vbgear ea hgobdbea âpbs/dgple 3 be ak râiârl ê e'aoparaur% qub akmgb`kbt h'akvgyar ê

^goa e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ Oaksurbus gnâbt+ Lvlkt ha plrtbr%

be sa prâgddupl ha oattra ak ebau sór eas trâsgrs ha sgk Âèbsa+

Be eas dgkibl ê has sakçgras% d'ast/ê/hbra ê has kgtlneas ha el

dgoouklutâ% oaonras hu dgksabe h'lhobkbstrltbgk 3 olbs% plr

oasura ha prâdlutbgk% be ibt hrassar uk bkvaktlbra has trâsgrs%

at elbssl da hgduoakt aktra eas olbks h'uka vbabeea iaooa% qub

havlbt ea raoattra peus tlrh sgbt ê eub/oíoa% sgbt ê sgk suddas/saur+ Lrrbvâ ê ^goa% be râussbt ê sa hbsduepar lupræs ha e'aopa/

raur% at iut lutgrbsâ ê raktrar dfaz eub+ Be ogurut ak rguta-+

E'guvartura ha sl suddassbgk leelbt hgkkar dlrrbæra ê e'bktrbùa

at hâdflëkar ea sdfbsoa+Eas dlkhbhlts ka olkqulbakt pls = ak praobæra eb`ka% e'lrdfb/

hbldra Dladbeblkus3 pubs% haux prítras ha Dlrtflà% Ngtrus at

Dlaeastbus s

3 paut/ítra lussb% Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras at ea ead/

taur Olmgrbkus 9+ Eas akkaobs ha e'lrdfbhbldra sa obrakt ak

dlopl`ka% at% ê eaur títa% Eudbeel+ Dflduk has dlkhbhlts lylktê Dlrtflà sas plrtbslks at sa drgylkt sór hu suddæs% gk râsgeut

ha nrusquar e'âeadtbgk% slks lttakhra e'lrrbvâa has Kuobhas at

ha eaur prbolt+ Dladbeblkus e'aopgrtl% at iut lussbtøt grhgkkâplr trgbs âvíquas vgbsbks% hgkt Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 0

+

Ha tgutas plrts% âdeltærakt eas prgtastltbgks+ Eudbeel% eas

prítras âvbkdâs% Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras% tgus eas oâdgktakts sa

`rgupærakt ak uka pubsslkta ildtbgk% `rgssba akdgra has sakbgras%

qub lvlbakt hbelpbhâ eas trâsgrs ha e'Âèbsa at lvlbakt âtâ tgut

<" Zlka`bmrbdb vaearas% V% 4< 3 Luraebus >" Gptît% B% <0+Ybdtgr% Dlaslr+% 8:3 ]gsbtka% BB% <>/<8+‘ 4" Bnbh+% B% <6+Di+ Dl`klt% E'lroâa rgolbka h'Lirbqua% 8" Bnbh+% <% <0+p+ 983 Zleeu ha Eassart% Ilstas has prg/ 1" Bnbh+% B% <6+vbkdas lirbdlbkas% t+ BB% p+ <443 Olurbda% 9" Bnbh+% <% <2+Nuee+% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% <2:<% <" Bnbh+% B% <63 Luùstbk% Lh Hgkltbs/

p+ 4>>3 Oâogbras has Lktbqulbras ha els pgst Dgeeît+% >>% 46+Irlkda% t+ EVB% <2::% p+ >>+

BY >



<6 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

surprbs ha vgbr uka vbabeea iaooa lppgrtar lu kguvae âvíquae'bkvaktlbra ha eaurs vges <

+ Gk rlppael tgus eas oâilbts hgkt gkdflràlbt hapubs egk`taops el dgksdbakda ha Dladbeblkus% sl

egkùa dgopebdbtâ lvad Oaksurbus% sl iârgdbtâ h'lutraigbs akvarseas dgkiassaurs aoprbsgkkâs% sl huratâ ê e'â`lrh has hâvgtbgkseas peus eâ`btboas >

+ Gk lmgutlbt qua e'âeadtbgk lvlbt âtâ brrâù/ebæra% at% akdgra peus% e'grhbkltbgk 4

= d'âtlbt e'uslà% hbslbt/gk%

qua e'âvíqua haDlrtflà% dfai ha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% iót grhgkkâplr ea prbolt ha Kuobhba-+ Ak vârbtâ% da k'âtlbt qu'uk uslà%kgk uka ræèa ha hbsdbpebka 3 olbs gk k'ak bkvgqulbt qua peusigrt el trlhbtbgk+ Akibk% el flbka has akkaobs ha Dladbeblkushâdguvrbt uk lrùoakt qub plrut hâdbsbi = e'uk has âvíquas qub

e'lvlbakt grhgkkâ% Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% âtlbt sgupàgkkâ h'lvgbr

ebvrâ mlhbs lux plçaks has olkusdrbts sldrâs+ Hgkd e'âeadtbgk

âtlbt kueea = lbksb% hu ogbks% rlbsgkklbakt eas oâdgktakts.'+El ildtbgk% flnbeaoakt hbrb`âa plr Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras at

Eudbeel% vbt lussbtøt el tldtbqua ê subvra pgur lrrbvar ê sas ibks

ak sa hgkklkt eas lpplrakdas hu hrgbt+ Aeea ak lppael lu prboltha Kuobhba% at eub kgtbibl el prgtastltbgk dgktra e'âeadtbgk haDladbeblkus + Gk slbt quae âtlbt% hapubs peusbaurs lkkâas% e'âtlt

has asprbts ak Kuobhba = dgksdbakdas bkqubætas% aiirgb hasdgoptas ê rakhra% plrtb/prbs ha drâhuebtâ% hâiblkda ê e'â`lrh has

âvíquas ha Dlrtflà% hgkt gk suspadtlbt el dgkhubta% at hgkt gkmleguslbt eas prârg`ltbvas+ Tadukhus slbsbt hgkd lvad aopras/saoakt e'gddlsbgk ha mguar lu pltrblrdfa at ha haolkharhas dgoptas lu ebau h'ak rakhra+ Be dgkvgqul eas âvíquas ha sl

prgvbkda% at% hlks ea dgurlkt ha 4<>% be plrtbt pgur Dlrtflàlvad sgbxlkta/hbx h'aktra aux 0

+

Hæs eas praobæras hâolrdfas has Kuobhas% gk s'lparàut qua

< Gptît% B% <6/<2+

>" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <0 at >: Nleuza 3

Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 1% eb/<13 Nrav'i+

Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >9+'im « Dgutrl Dladbeblbobk dlusla dgkiba tld

suke% ut vbtbgsl amus grhbkltbg hbdaratur ³

SGptît% B% <2 +

8" « Gparlo haharukt ut lnsakebnus Ku/obhbs sgeb vbdbub apbsdgpb paearaktur% qub

grhbkltbgkao lpuh Dlrtnl`bkao dâeânrlobt ³ &Gptît% B% <6"+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk%Zsl ous dgktrl plreao Hgkleb% 88/89 =

+o Dlrtnl`bkao vakbssake apbsdgpuogrhbklra% bkvakarukt Dladbeblkuo mlo grhb/

kltuo bk sul saha+ brltb sbot qubl b|;sb kgkpgtuarukt grhbklra ³= Apbs t+ 84% 9% <0 =

u Bkarlt atblo kgkkueeus hgegr lubob ha

typfg suparehla vakbaks% qugh kgk bpsb gr/

hbklvarlkt Dlrtfl`bkb apbsagpuo k 3 Nravbd+

Dgeelb++ BBB% <9% >2 = « \ugh kgk axspad/

tlvarbt Dladbeblkus kb prbkdaps l prbkdbpa

grhbklratur3 duo lebuh nlnalt Addeasbla

Dltfgebdla dgksuatuhg% ut kgk Kuobhbla%

Tah prgpbkqubgbas apbsdgpb apbsagpuo B

aeasbbbd Dlrtfl`bkbs grhbkakt+++ Ngd lutaohbdaktas ha sul dgksuatuhbka% qulo kasdbg

qulkhg bkstbtuarukt% Addeasbla Dltfgebdla

prlamuhbdlra dgklnlktur

1" « e'kuo trlhbtbgkbs agkvbdbuo bk grhb/

kltgrao Dlaabeblkb harbvlkhubk assa putl/

wkbbbe k Gptît% B% >:"+

9" Gptît% B% <2+

0" Bnbh+% B% <2 3 @astl l kue ]akgpfb/euo% p+ <61 ]bwsl3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84%

>% +, = Nr elb+% <<<% <8% >9+



EAT G^B@BKAT <2

Hgklt at sas lobs lvlbakt vu musta+ Ea dgkdbea raiusl ha sbâàr

hlks e'âèbsa âpbsdgplea% sgus el prâsbhakda ha e'âvgqua ha Dlr/

tbelà+ Be tbkt sâlkda hlks uka lutra nlsbebqua gu hlks uk egdle

quaedgkqua hgkt hbspgslbakt eas hbssbhakts+ Be sgool @ladbebl/

kus ha dgoplrlëtra havlkt eub% ak lddusâ% ak suspadt+ Dladb/

eblkus raiusl 3 h'lutlkt obaux qua Zurpurbus ha Eboltl% tgu/

mgurs plrtbslk has sgeutbgks rlhbdleas% lvlbt plreâ ha e'lttbrar

hlks e'âèbsa pgur eub dlssar el títa+ Zgurtlkt% Dladbeblkus

giirbt ha râpgkhra ê tgutas eas quastbgks hu dgkdbea3 hlks ea dls

gò e'gk parsbstarlbt ê dgktastar el vlebhbtâ ha sgk grhbkltbgk% be

dgksaktlbt ê sa ilbra grhgkkar plr ea prbolt at sas dgeeæùas+

Gk âdlrtl hâhlb`kausaoakt sas prgpgsbtbgks% at e'gk bkstrubsbt

sgk prgdæs+ Iluta ha prauvas% gk hut elbssar tgonar eas lddusl/

tbgks tbrâas has dlegokbas pgpuelbras 3 olbs e'gk hâdelrl kueeas

e'âeadtbgk at e'grhbkltbgk ha Dladbeblkus% sgus prâtaxta qu'be

lvlbt âtâ dgksldrâ% ak e'lnsakda hu prbolt% plr has bkhb`kas%

kgtlooakt plr Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb '+ Tubvlkt uka trlhbtbgk hgkl/tbsta% ea dgkdbea lurlbt h'lngrh elbssâ vldlkt ea sbæà ha Dlr/

tbelà% at lurlbt dgkibâ el hbradtbgk hu hbgdæsa ê uk lhobkbstrl/

taur bktârbolbra {bktarvaktgr gu vbsbtît gr"% eaquae lurlbt âtâ tuâ

plr eas Dltfgebquas.+ \ugb qu'be ak sgbt ha datta trlhbtbgk% el

vldlkda hu sbæà% sb vldlkda be y aut% ka hurl ùæra+ Eas

Kuobhas ka raktrærakt pls dfaz aux lvlkt h'lvgbr hgkkâ uksuddassaur ê Dladbeblkus+

Datta kguvaeea âeadtbgk trlfbt e'bktarvaktbgk træs ldtbva ha

Eudbeel+ Qka akquíta uetârbaura prguvl qu'aeea lvlbt ldfatâ ukaplrtba has âvgquas hu dgkdbea 4

+ Aeea râussbt ê ilbra âebra uka ha

sas drâlturas+ Hgklt% ea dfai hu plrtb% s'aiilàl gu iut âdlrtâ%

sgbt hlks e'bktârít dgoouk% ê dlusa ha sgk plssâ% sgbt plr subta

ha rbvlebtâs at ha mlegusbas% sgbt pgur tguta lutra rlbsgk+ Eadfgbx has âvíquas hbssbhakts sa pgrtl sur Olmgrbkus% uk sbopeaeadtaur ha Dlrtflà% prgtâ`â ha Eudbeel-+ Ea dgkdbea e'grhgkkl

lussbtøt3 pubs% hlks uka eattra sykghlea% be kgtbibl ê tgutas eas

Âèbsas lirbdlbkas el hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus at el dgksâdrl/

tbgk hu kguvae âvgqua U Ea sdfbsoa âtlbt dgksgooâ = d'ak âtlbt

ilbt% pgur peus h'uk sbædea% ha e'ukbtâ ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+

E'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua s'gr`lkbsl rlpbhaoakt% h'lutlkt peus

<" Gptît% B% <2/>:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ 84% 9% <0 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%Qe% >6/>2%

Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >93 Lh Hgkltbsels pgst 4>/44+

Dgeeît+% >>% 46+ 8" Gptît% B% <1 at <23 Luùstbk% Apbse+

>" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 88% 8% 63 Taro+ 89% 84% >% 8+

<1% 42+ 1" Gptît% B% >:3 Luùstbk% Lh Dltfgeb/

4" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62 at dgs Apbseuel/ dgktrl Hgkltbstls% >1% 04+<28/<29 ]bwsl+ ‘ Di+ Îlùstbk% Apbs t+



>: E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

vbta qu'aeea k'bkkgvl ak rbak = aeea dgksarvl eas dlhras trlhb/

tbgkkaes% tguta el hbsdbpebka at el fbârlrdfba lirbdlbkas% s'lttl/

dflkt h'lutlkt peus lu plssâ qua% ole`râ sas grb`bkas trguneas%aeea prâtakhlbt ítra sauea ak Lirbqua ê raprâsaktar% hlks tguta

sl puratâ% e'Âèbsa ukbvarsaeea+ Olmgrbkus k'âtlbt qu'uk ilktøoa3at be hbsplrut vbta+ Be ogurut lu ngut ha quaequas ogbs% at iut

raopeldâ ê el títa hu plrtb plr Hgklt ha Dlrtflà% hbt Hgklt ea

@rlkh% qu'gk hbstbkùa grhbklbraoakt hu praobar lutaur ha el

ruptura% at qua pgurtlkt e'gk l nbak has rlbsgks h'bhaktbibar lvadHgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras <

+ Ak tgut dls% Hgklt ha Dlrtflà lvlbt

tgutas eas qulebtâs h'uk vrlb dfai = be ldfavl ha dgkstbtuar at be

igrtbibl plr tgus eas ogyaks el kguvaeea Âèbsa-% qub prâtakhlbtítra el vârbtlnea Aèbsa dltfgebqua 4

% e'Âèbsa has olrtyrs 8% at

qub iut lussb lppaeâa ha sgk kgo ea plrtb ha Hgklt &Zlrs Hgkltb"

gu ea Hgkltbsoa &Hgmbltbsobts"-

Dapakhlkt% Dladbeblkus k'lvlbt pls lnhbquâ% at sas plrtbslkska rakgkàlbakt pls ê el eutta+ Bes lvlbakt pgur aux eas Âèbsash'gutra/oar% at oíoa e'lppub hu pguvgbr dbvbe+ Qk dgup ha

tfâîtra vaklbt ha dflkàr eas rlppgrts hu dfrbstblkbsoa lvade'Atlt = el vbdtgbra ha Dgkstlktbk% nbaktøt subvba ha e'âhbt haObelk% lssurlbt lux parsâdutâs ha el vabeea% kgk saueaoakt el

peabka ebnartâ ha dgksdbakda at ha dueta% olbs% hâmê% el prgtad/tbgk giibdbaeea

9+ Hlks eas haux dgoouklutâs lirbdlbkas% gk sa

<" Olmgrbgks k'ast peus oaktbgkkâ plrGptît lpræs sgk âeadtbgk at sgk grhbkltbgkak 4 eb, [Gpelt% B% <2"+ Tubvlkt Luùstbk% be

vbvlbt akdgra lu prbktaops ha 4<4% egrs hael raquíta lhrassâa ê Dgkstlktbk% ea <1 lvrbe%

plreas âvíquas hbssbhakts &Luùstbk% Apbs t+

66% </>3 24% 8% <43 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB%

<>% >8"+ Olmgrbkus âtlbt paut/ítra hâmê

ogrt lu ogoakt hu dgkdbea ha ^goa &> gd/

tgnra 4< 4"% gò e'gk obt ak dlusa Hgulb at

eas âvíquas grhgkkâs plr Olmgrbkus &«squgs l Olmgrbkg grhbklegs assa dgks el/ra t"% olbs kgk Olmgrbkus eub/oíoa &Luùs/tbk% Apbst+

84% 1% <9"+ ‘ \ulktê

el quas/tbgk has haux Hgklt% be ast ê raolb b

qua ea prâtakhu Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbrashbsplrlët nrusquaoakt ha e'fbstgbra lu og/oakt oíoa gò lpplrubt% dgooa dfai huplrtb% Hgklt ha Dlrtflà+ Gptlb l tgumgursbhaktbibâ eas haux parsgkklàs &B% >>/>9 =

BBB% < at 4"+ Xaeea iub pgkhlkt nbakhas lkkâas% el olkbæra ha vgbr h'LuùstbkSZsleous dgktrl plrtakt Hgkltb% 24/<:9

at <4>3 Apbst+ <4=

+% <1/ B âerldt+%

B% >:% 8"+ D'ast saueaoakt ê el Dgkiâkha 8<< qua eas Hgkltbse5s% pgub hat rlbsgut

ha tldtbqua% bol`bkærakt ha hbstbkùar hauxHgklt gu bksbstærakt sur daeta hbstbkdtbgk

&Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <6% 493LhHgklebsels pgse Dgeeît+% <4%<03 âerldt+%

B% >:% 83 Ha flaras+% 92"+ Nbak qu'Luùs/tbk lbt ibkb plr lddaptar datta tfæsa% kguslvgks tgut ebau h'ítra ak `lrha dgktra datta

liibroltbgk bktârassâa has Hgkltbstas% qub

lpplrlët sb tlrhbvaoakt+

>" Gptît% BBB% 4 3 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% Be%

<:3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB% <%

>3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgse Dgeeît+% <9% >: 3

Ha flaras+% 92+

4" Ldtl Tleurkbkb%<9 at >: Nleuza =

Ldel purllebgkbs IaFdbs% p% <26 ]bwsl 3

Zlssbg Hgkltb% 43 Gptlb% <<% < at subv 3

Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >= Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

o+ =3% 43 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >>+

8" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% <2/>: Nleuza+

1" Gptît% B% >> at >93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk%

Apbst+ 66% < 3 24% 6%>8 >1 + Dgktrl Apbst+

Zlroakblkb% BBB% b+ >83 Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BB% <% >3 BYm 9% 03 ded+

9" Eldtlkda% Ha ogrt% parsad% 8< at

<63 Ausæna% TB b 'as+% V%

1%>+



EAT G^B@BKAT ><

prâgddupl vbta ha slvgbr luquae has haux plrtbs brlbt datta prg/

tadtbgk+ Hæs ea hânut% Dgkstlktbk k'fâsbtl pls = raspadtuaux has

trlhbtbgks% at sgudbaux ha e'grhra punebd% be sa prgkgkàl dgktraeas sdfbsoltbquas% ak qub be vgylbt sbopeaoakt has ilutaurs ha

hâsgrhras+ Yguelkt râplrar eas bkmustbdas hu plssâ% rastbtuar eas

booauneas dgkibsquâs% dgkiârar has booukbtâs at lutras prbvb/

eæàs lux deards dltfgebquas% hbstrbnuar oíoa has sadgurs luxdgoouklutâs eas peus âprguvâas plr el parsâdutbgk% be râsarvl

tgut ê e'Âèbsa hgkt Dladbeblkus âtlbt ea dfai+ Âdrbvlkt ê Dladb/

eblkus eub/oíoa pgur eub kgtbibar eas sadgurs ak lràkt at ea

dflràr ha eas râplrtbr% be eub prgobt ha ea prgtâàr dgktra saslhvarslbras% e'ak`làlkt ê bkvgquar e'lbha hu prgdgksue at huvbdlbra h'Lirbqua dgktra daux qub trgunearlbakt el plbx3 hlks sas

bkstrudtbgks lux `guvarkaurs% be eaur grhgkkl ha sgutakbr Dla/

dbeblkus dgktra eas hbssbhakts 4+ Hæs eas praobars ogbs qub sub/

vbrakt el ruptura% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua lvlbt dgktra aeea e'lutg/

rbtâ ha e'aoparaur at ha sas raprâsaktlkts ak Lirbqua+

Eas hbssbhakts s'bkqubâtærakt ha datta sbtultbgk% at s'aiigr/

dærakt ha rloakar e'gpbkbgk+ L haux raprbsas% bes akvgyærakthas hâputltbgks lux prbkdbpleas Âèbsas h'Btleba% ha @luea at

h'Aspl`ka 4+ Olbs% hlks das hbvars plys% gò e'gk sa sgudblbt pau

has quaraeeas lirbdlbkas% eas lonlsslhas has sadtlbras plrlbssakt

lvgbr âtâ irgbhaoakt ldduabeebas8

= eas Âèbsas h'gutra/oar

rastærakt tgutas ak dgooukbgk lvad Dladbeblkus at eas âvíquas

ha sgk plrtb 1+ Hâàus ha da døtâ% eas sdfbsoltbquas k'aurakt peus

h'aspgbr qu'ak Hbau% ak aux/oíoas% at hlks e'aoparaur% saue

dlplnea hâsgrolbs h'loakar ea ogkha dfrâtbak ê radgkklëtrae'axdaeeakda ha eaur dlusa+ Ea <1 lvrbe 4<4% uka hâeâ`ltbgk ha

hbssbhakts raobt lu prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà haux pbædas% Xukasdaeeâa% e'lutra guvarta = el praobæra% h'lpræs ea tbtra raprghubt

sur e'akvaegppa% âtlbt uk oâogbra prâdbslkt eas `rbais dgktra

Dladbeblkus3 e'lutra âtlbt uka suppebqua lhrassâa ê Dgkstlktbk+

Hlks datta raquíta% peusbaurs âvíquas hu plrtb ha Olmgrbkus guha Hgklt haolkhlbakt ê e'aoparaur ha sguoattra e'liilbra ê has

muàs `luegbs% el @luea âtlkt ea saue plys gò k'aót pls sâvb el

parsâdutbgk% at gò% plr subta% e'gk pót ítra dgopeætaoakt boplr/tble sur el quastbgk has elpsb+ Ea prgdgksue trlksobt eas hauxpbædas ê e'aoparaur% lvad uk rlppgrt sur e'liilbra

9+

<" Ausæna% Fbse+ Addeas+% V% 1/03 Lu/ 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 4% 63 0% <2 =

ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >+ « epsbs rânus axpartb sukt duo Dladbeblkg

>" Ausæna% Fbst+ Addeas+% V% @+ parolkara dgooukbgkao grnbs tarrlruo%

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbst+ Zlroakblkb% at lh auo l trlksolrbkbs Addeasbbs dgoou/

B% >% >+ kbdltgrbls ebttarls obttb³+

8" enbde+% B% >% 4+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl` % BBB% ><1/>>:3 Lu/



>> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

El raquíta âtlbt oghârâa ha tgk% at saonelbt rlbsgkklnea =

lpræs uk oguvaoakt h'bopltbakda% Dgkstlktbk y ibt hrgbt+ Be

hâsb`kl dgooa muàs trgbs âvaquas `luegbs% âtbdbus h'Lutuk%Oltarkus ha Dgeg`ka% Olrbkus h'Lreas3 olbs be dflràl spâdbl/

eaoakt ha e'akquíta at ha el prâsbhakda ea plpa Obetblha guOaedfblha% Lirbdlbk h'grb`bka% ak eub lhmgb`klkt akdgra qubkza

lutras âvíquas btlebaks+ Be olkhl Dladbeblkus lvad hbx raprâsak/

tlkts ha dflqua plrtb+ Eas hbx/kaui âvæquas/muàs sa râukbrakt

ê ^goa% lu plelbs ha Eltrlk% ea > gdtgnra 4<4+ Eas hânlts gddu/

pærakt trgbs sâlkdas+ Hgklt at sas lobs ka râussbrakt pls ê mus/

tbibar eaurs lddusltbgks% at oíoa plrurakt asqubvar el quastbgk+Zlr dgktra% gk raeavl dgktra Hgklt hbiiâraktas dflràs3 gk aut

el prauva ha sas bktrbùas at ha sas `rlvas bkirldtbgks lux ræèas

ha el hbsdbpebka+ L e'uklkbobtâ% ea dgkdbea dgkhlokl e'lddusltaur

at hbsduepl Dladbeblkus% hgkt e'âeadtbgk at e'grhbkltbgk iurakt

radgkkuas râùebæras <+

Dat lrrít% qub plrlbsslbt tarobkar e'liilbra% k'aut h'lutra aiiat

qua ha el dgopebquar+ Eas hbssbhakts s'gnstbkærakt = lpræs eaurs

lhvarslbras% bes bkdrbobkærakt eaurs muàs at el dgopgsbtbgk hudgkdbea at el prgdâhura+ Bes hâdguvrbrakt lpræs dgup qua ea plpaObetblha at sgk prâhâdassaur Olrdae eb kus lvlbakt au uka lttbtuha

âqubvgqua egrs ha el parsâdutbgk3 bes eas obrakt sur ea oíoarlk` qua Oaksurbus at Dladbeblkus >

+ H'lbeeaurs% bes lvlbakt

haolkhâ has muàs `luegbs3 at% sur eas hbx/kaui oaonras hudgkdbea% sabza âtlbakt has Btlebaks+ Akibk% gk lvlbt kâèb`â ea

prbkdbple `rbai = e'bkhb`kbtâ ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% qub lvlbt

grhgkkâ Dladbeblkus+ Zgur tgutas das rlbsgks% eas sdfbsoltbquasprgtastærakt dgktra el saktakda3 bes ak lppaeærakt ê e'aoparaur%

haolkhlkt uka kguvaeea akquíta at ha kguvalux muàs 4+

Ole`râ sgk brrbtltbgk drgbsslkta dgktra das aktítâs% Dgkstlktbkeaur hgkkl sltbsildtbgk sur eas haux pgbkts+ Be akmgb`kbt lux`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks h'guvrbr uka akquíta sur el dgkhubta haIâebx h'Lntfu`kb = datta akquíta% hbrb`âa suddassbvaoakt plrpeusbaurs ol`bstrlts% dgooakdâa ê Lntfu`kb at pgursubvba ê

Dlrtflà% sa tarobkl ea <1 iâvrbar 4<8 plr uka saktakda hu prg/dgksue +Cebkkus qub prgdelolbt el dgopeæta bkkgdakda ha Iâebx'+

ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >+ ‘ Di+ Gptît% <% << = >" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbst+ Zlroa/eee+ =3= Luùstbk% Apbst+ 'M4% 8% <43 Nravbd+ kblkb% <% 1% <: 3 Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% etb+

Dgeeît+% BBB% 0+ 63 <>% ><+ <<+

<" Gptît% <% >4/>8 3 Aus% na% Nbst+ A5/ 4" Gptît% <% >1 at >0 3 Dgkstlktbk% Apbst+

deâs+% V% 1%<63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84%>% 8/ lh Aelibuo SLppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4%

13 84% 1% <8/<9 3 14% >% =+ 3 «s% 4 3 <:1% >% p% >:1 ]bu b ; ustbk% Ha ukbdg nlp/63 <61% <:% 803 B Apbst+ Zlroa/ ebsog% <9% >63 Apbst+ b4% = b4% >%

kblkb% <% 1% <:3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% </U 13 09% >3 66% 43 62% 43 <:1% >% s+

>8 = <0% 4<% 8" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% hlks b Lp/



EAT G^B@BKAT >4

Qka igbs da pgbkt ldqubs% e'aoparaur dgkvgqul ak @luea% hlksel dbtâ h'Lreas% pgur ea < ar lgót 4<8% uk `rlkh dgkdbea gò iurakt

raprâsaktâas prasqua tgutas eas prgvbkdas h'Gddbhakt% at gòdgoplrurakt eas hâeâ`ltbgks has haux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas+ Da dgk/

dbea ibxl hbvarsas ræèas ha hbsdbpebka% kgtlooakt sur el prg/

dâhura ê subvra akvars eas lpgstlts at hlks eas lddusltbgks pgr/

tâas dgktra aux+ Be loakl eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% hâsgrolbsdgktrlbkts ha oâklàr eas Aèbsas h'gutra/oar% ê lnlkhgkkareaur vbabeea trlhbtbgk% daeea qu'bes lvlbakt hâiakhua sb âkar`bqua/

oakt lu taops ha Dyprbak% sur el kâdassbtâ ha ranlptbsar eas

fârâtbquas dgkvartbs+ Hlks el `rlva liilbra hu sdfbsoa% be

bkstrubsbt ha kguvalu tgut ea prgdæs ha Dladbeblkus% at dgkibrolpeabkaoakt el saktakda hu dgkdbea ha ^goa+ Be kgtbibl sas hâdb/

sbgks ê e'aoparaur at lu plpa Tbevastra% ea suddassaur ha

Obetblha <+

D'âtlbt% saonea/t/be% el dgkhlokltbgk hâibkbtbva hu sdfbsoalirbdlbk% irlppâ haux igbs plr has dgkdbeas% at% el sadgkha igbs%

lpræs uka `rlkha akquíta giibdbaeea% plr eas muàs qu'be lvlbt eub/

oíoa haolkhâs+ Ak ilbt% el vgbx hu dgkdbea h'Lreas aut hae'âdfg ak Lirbqua% gò nbak has dfrâtbaks sbkdæras% â`lrâs hlks ea

sdfbsoa% s'lparàurakt qu'gk eas lvlbt trgopâs% at ravbkrakt ê

e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua' >+ Olbs eas dfais% eas âvíquas at eaurs iguùaux

plrtbslks% âtlbakt trgp dgoprgobs gu trgp axletâs pgur âdgutar

el rlbsgk at sa rakhra ê e'âvbhakda 3 qulkt ê Hgklt ha Dlrtflà%

hâsgrolbs ea olëtra at ea prgpfæta hu plrtb% be k'âtlbt pls fgooaê dâhar+ Eas hbssbhakts prgtastærakt ha kguvalu dgktra el sak/

takda = gk ka slbt trgp sgus quae prâtaxta% dlr eaurs lrùoaktsha e'lkkâa prâdâhakta% spâdbaux dgktra ea dgkdbea ha ^goa% ka

pakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ >% p+ <20/>:- ]bwsl+

Di++ Gptît% <% >03 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >%

8 13 66% 4/13 <:1% >% 63 <8<% << 3 DgkerlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% 0:% 6:/6< 3 Ha ukbdg nlp/tbsog% <9% >63 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >8%

8> 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgsb Dgeeut+% 44% 19+

‘ Gk lhoat `âkârleaoakt lumgurh'fub quael saktakda hu prgdgksue +/Aeblkus iut rak/

hua ea <1 iâvrbar 4<13 ê e'lppub ha datta

fypgtfæsa% gk leeæùa uka pbæda qub iut eua

ê e'luhbakda at qub lurlbt âtâ hltâa hu<2 lgót 4<8 &Ldel purr ltbgkbs Iaebdbs%

p+ <26 ]bwsl"+ Olbs e'ak/tæta ha datta pbæda

ast outbeâ at plrtbaeeaoakt letârâ+ Be kaslurlbt prâvlegbr dgktra ea eâogb`klà igr/

oae h'Luùstbk% qub ak 8<>% lpræs eas hbs/

dussbgks ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% l

prâdbsâ datta quastbgk ha dfrgkgeg`ba SLhHgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% 44% 19"+ Has

bkhbdltbgks h'Luùstbk% be râsueta træs kat/

taoakt qua el saktakda hu prgdgksue +'Aebl/

kus ast hu <1 iâvrbar 4<8% « qultra ogbs ³

lpræs ea dgkdbea ha ^goa hu > gdtgnra 4<4+

H'lbeeaurs% da tâogb`klà ast peabkaoakth'lddgrh lvad el subta eg`bqua has ilbts =

e'akquíta sur Iâebxh'Lntfu`kb

sapelda âvb/

haooakt aktra ea dgkdbea ha ^goa at ea

dgkdbea h'Lreas+

<" Olusb% DgkdbE% t+ BB% p+ 8923 Olls/sak% @asdf+ har \uaeeak ukh Ebttarlturhas dlkgkbsdfak âdftas uk Lnakh lkha%@rlz% <60:% t+ B% p+ <66 at 21:+ ‘ Di+

Ausænd% Fbse+ Addtas+% V% 1% >< 3 Lppak/hbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4/1% p+ >:8/><: ]bwsl3

Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >% 8 3 14% >% 1 3 66%

4 3 62% 4 3 <:1% >% 6+ -

>" Luùstbk%Apbst+ 66% 4+



>8 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

pgrtlbakt peus dgktra ea dgkdbea h'Lreas+ Bes ak lppaeærakt akdgraê e'aoparaur3 olbs% datta igbs% bes ea obrakt ak haoaura h'âvg/

quare'liilbra ê sgk

prgpra trbnukle<

+

Dgkstlktbk iut peus brrbtâ qua mlolbs% at uk pau surprbs hadatta ilàgk ha dgoprakhra el râsb`kltbgk% e'fuobebtâ% el dflrbtâdfrâtbakka+ Be ka sa sgudblbt pls% eub kâgpfyta% ha ravbsar eas

muàoakts ha haux lssaoneâas h'âvíquds+ Be asslyl ha sa hârg/nar3 olbs eas pelbhaurs âtlbakt takldas% hâdbhâs ê tgut% at ea

hâsgrhra luòaktlbt ak Lirbqua >+ E'aoparaur hut sa rakhra ê el

rlbsgk h'Atlt+ Be lddaptl hgkd e'lppae% hu ogbks ak prbkdbpa3

olbs be fâsbtl gu tar`bvarsl pakhlkt haux lks+ << dflkàl peu/sbaurs igbs ha râsgeutbgk gu ha prgdâhura+ Xlktøt be sgkàlbt ê

akvgyar has muàs ak Lirbqua 4% gu ê y plssar eub/oøoa <

+ Xlktøtbe prâiârlbt bkstrubra ea prgdæs ê ^goa+ Be grhgkklbt lu prgdgk/sue ha eub axpâhbar ea ilusslbra Bkàktbus% dgkvlbkdu ha irluhahlks e'akquíta sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 1

+ << olkhlbt ê ^goa eas

haux plrtbas 93 Hgklt sa trguvlbt lu rakhaz/vgus% olbs Dladb/

eblkus% gk ka slbt pgurqugb% ka sa prâsaktlbt pls gu lrrbvlbt trgp

tlrh0

+ D'ast vars da taops/eê% slks hguta% qua has « sldrbeæàs ³%prgnlneaoakt has Hgkltbstas% bktaktærakt havlkt ea trbnukle hae'aoparaur uk prgdæs drbobkae lu plpa Tbevastra% ak qub e'gk

pgursubvlbt ea dgopebda hu dgkdbea h'Lreas 6+ Dapakhlkt% E'l`btl/

tbgk drgbsslbt ak Lirbqua 43 Dgkstlktbk sa hâdbhl ê ak ibkbr+

Zakhlkt uk sâmgur hlks el Fluta/Btleba% be ibt vakbr% pubs `lrharê vua% Dladbeblkus at Hgklt <:

+ Ak oíoa taops% be akvgylbt ê

Dlrtflà haux dgoobsslbras% eas âvíquas Aukgobus at Geyopbus%

dflr`âs ha prgdâhar sur pelda ê uka kguvaeea akquíta% at harâtlnebr% s'be sa pguvlbt% e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa% oíoa ak hâpgslkt eas

haux dgopâtbtaurs pgur grhgkkar uk kguvae âvíqua lddaptâ hashaux plrtbs+ El obssbgk iut træs ole ldduabeeba plr eas sdfbsol/tbquas% qub susdbtærakt has âoautas3 aeea qubttl Dlrtflà lu ngutha qulrlkta mgurs% ak prgdelolkt ea ngk hrgbt ha Dladbeblkus

at hu plrtb qub âtlbt ak dgooukbgk lvad e'Aèbsa ukbvarsaeea.+

<" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+1% p+ >:2 ]bwsl=

Lu ustbk% Apbst+ 84% >%83 <4% 0% >:3 14%

>% 13 09% >3 66% 43 62% 43 <:1% >% 6+

>" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+0% p+ ><< ]bwsl+

4" Bnbh + l+ 9% p+ ><:+

Bnbh+% k+ 0+ p+ ><<+

% Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 8 = DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% 0:% 6<+

9" Lppakhbx h'Gptle% l+ 9% p+ ><:+

0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 0% >:+

6" Apbseuel Dgudbebb rgolbk lkk

lh@rltblkuo at Yleaktbkblkuo Bopa/

rltgras &Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 5b>0"+ ‘

Di+ Luùstbk% e;a ukbdg nlptbsog% <9% >0+

2" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 0% p+ ><<+

<:" Gptît% <% >:3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <4% 0%

>:+

F" Gptlb% B% >9+ ‘ Gk pelda grhbklbra/

oakt datta obssbgk h'Aukgobus ae h'Geyo/pbus lpræs el saktakda ha D5 bktbk+ Ea

taxta be Gptlb ka igurkbe pls h'bkhbdltbgk

prâdbsa3 olbs% h'lpræs el subta eg`bqua

aoakes% be kgus plb lte âvbhakt qua el

obssbgk 3 prâdâhâ el saktakda

bopârblea Dgkstlktbk ratbakt ak Btleba eas

haux âvâquas rbvlux ëea Dlrtflà% pakhlkt



LYLKX TLBKX LQ@QTXBK >1

Dgkstlktbk rakhbt sgk lrrít ê Obelk% delks eas praobars mgurs hakgvaonra 4<9% at ea kgtbibl% ea <: kgvaonra% lu vbdlbra

h'Lirbqua = dgooa eas dgkdbeas ha ^goa at h'Lreas% dgooa eas

ol`bstrlts qub lvlbakt bkstrubt ea prgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfuùb%dgooa eas âvíquas Aukgobus at Geyopbus+ eaoparaur hâdbhlqua Dladbeblkus% râùebæraoakt âeu at grhgkkâ% âtlbt e'âvíquaeâ`btboa ha Dlrtflà '

+ D'âtlbt oattra fgrs el egb e'Aèbsa sdfbsol/tbqua+

El quastbgk ha hrgbt âtlbt trlkdfâa3 olbs el quastbgk ha ilbt

rastlbt aktbæra+ Tlui has axdaptbgks bkhbvbhuaeeas% eas Hgkltbstas

ka s'bkdebkærakt pls peus havlkt e'lrrít ha e'aoparaur qua havlkteas saktakdas has dgkdbeas+ Hgklt s'âdflppl gu iut raeîdfâ% at

ratgurkl ak Lirbqua 3 Dladbeblkus e'y subvbt >+ Eas haux âvíquas

ha Dlrtflà sa ratrguværakt ak prâsakda% at lvad aux% hlkstguta el dgktrâa% eas haux Aèbsas rbvleas+ Qka igbs ha peus% eas

Hgkltbstas râussbrakt ê hgkkar ea dflkà% at ê `lrhar eaur pras/

tbà+ Bes rldgktærakt qua e'aoparaur lvlbt âtâ trgopâ plr sgkaktgurlà% kgtlooakt plr sgk dgksabeear Fgsbus ha Dgrhgua 4

+

Zlr uka tldtbqua akdgra peus luhldbausa% bes liibroærakt peustlrh qua Dladbeblkus% hâtaku gu axbeâ hlks ea kgrh ha e'Btleba%

lvlbt âtâ radgkku dguplnea at dgkhlokâ plr Dgkstlktbk = datta

lnsurhbtâ% bes e'gkt râpâtâa pakhlkt uk sbædea% musqu'ê el Dgkiâ/rakda ha 8<<% at bes gkt ibkb plr y drgbra

8+ Nrai% el saktakda

bopârblea k'lvlbt rbak tarobkâ+ Ea Hgkltbsoa ka ibt qua `l`karhu tarrlbk ak Lirbqua+ Hâàu hlks da qu'be lttakhlbt ha e'aopa/raur% at trlquâ plr e'Atlt% be havbakhrl pau ê pau uk plrtb h'gp/pgsbtbgk+

BBB

Eas hastbkâas hu Hgkltbsoa% hapubs el praobæra parsâdutbgk musqu'ê e'aktrâa aksaoâ h'Luùstbk &4<0/42<"+ ‘ Egb ha Dgkstlktbk dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zar/sâdutbgk ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Nltlbeeas hlks has nlsbebquas+ ‘ Eas praobars olrtyrshgkltbstas+ ‘ Lpplrbtbgk has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ ‘ @uarra ha plopfeats+ ‘ Akquítasur Tbevlkus% âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua ha Dgkstlktbka+ ‘ Tuppebqua has Hgkltbstasparsâdutâs ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Ahbt ha tgeârlkda+ ‘ Zgebtbqua ha Dgkstlktbk+ ‘Zrg`ræs hu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha >0: âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas ê Dlrtflà+ ‘Aopbâtaoakts has Hgkltbstas ak Kuobhba+ ‘ El nlsbebqua ha Dgkstlktbka+ ‘ Ea

qu'Aukgobus at Geyopbus vgkt ak Lirbqua 4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroa/prgdâhar ê eaur akquíta3 d'ast sur ea rlp/ kblkb% B% 8% 0/23 1% <:3 6% <4+

pgrt ha das dgoobsslbras qua e'aoparaur 8" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% >:%463rakh sl saktakda+ ><% 423 >>% 8:= Lh Hgkltbsels pgst Dge/

<" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <2% elt+% <9% >: 3 <0% >, 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%40 3 Lh Hgkltbsels pgst Dgeeît+% 44% 19 3

BBB% 92% 6: 3 0<% 64 3 Tarog lh Dlaslra/Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo%' UUU% 0<% 6>3 Apbst+ aksbs AddeasbŔ peaøao% 03 Dgktrl @lu/84% >% 13 84% 0% >: 3

14% >%1

3<8<% <:/<<+ haktbuo% B% <<% <>+

>" Gptît% B% >9+






rltbgks ha slbsba ak uka vârbtlnea parsâdutbgk+ Qka igbs ha peus%

eas Hgkltbstas raiuslbakt ha dâhar 3 gk asslyl ak vlbk ha eas

`l`kar plr el hgudaur at has dlhalux '3 be ileeut aopegyar el

igrda at raquârbr eas trgupas/+

L Dlrtflà% gk sa nlttbt hlks eas nlsbebquas+ Qka durbausa

raeltbgk hu taops kgus ilbt lssbstar ê has sdækas sluvlàs% hgktpeusbaurs âèbsas iurakt ea tfâîtra+ Hlks Xuka h'aeeas% eas sge/

hlts sa ebvrærakt ê has vbgeakdas at ê has gr`bas ha tguta sgrta 43

hlks uka lutra% naludgup ha hbssbhakts iurakt lssgooâs% at ukâvíqua neassâ 8

3 hlks el oíoa âèbsa% gu paut/ítra hlks uka trgb/

sbæoa% gk olssldrl eas ibhæeas% hgkt uk âvíqua U D'ak âtlbt ilbt =

ea slk` lvlbt dgueâ% at eas Hgkltbstas lvlbakt eaurs olrtyrs+ Gkraduabeebt pbausaoakt eas rastas has vbdtboas 3 gk eas aksavaebt

lvad fgkkaur% gk dâeânrl eaur ègbra hlks ha naeebquausas âpb/

tlpfas 93 nbaktøt% gk eaur rakhbt uk dueta% dgooa lux vbdtboas

has parsâdutbgks plçakkas <+ E'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua aut hâsgr/

olbs sgk olrtyrgegà = ebvra h'gr pgur aeea% ebvra ha flbkadgktra e'lutra Âèbsa+ Kgus k'lvgks pls ha raksab`kaoaktsaxpebdbtas sur eas dbrdgkstlkdas ha el parsâdutbgk hlks ea rasta

hu plys+ Olbs gk paut eas bol`bkar h'lpræs da qub sa plssl ê

Dlrtflà = has sdækas lklegùas hurakt sa prghubra plrtgut gòeas sdfbsoltbquas lvlbakt usurpâ has nlsbebquas% at gò eaurs

lhvarslbras sa drgylbakt lssaz igrts pgur eas raprakhra 6+

Ak da taops/eê% slks hguta% dgooakàl el mldquarba lirbdlbka 2%

qub pârbghbquaoakt% pakhlkt uk sbædea% leelbt hâsgear el dgktrâa+

Has nlkhas ha àks slks lvau% qu'gk hâsb`kl peus tlrh sgus ea

kgo h'L`gkbstbquas gu ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks <:% rlolssbs ha egqua/

taux% ha oâdgktakts at h'lvakturbars ha tgut àkra% bkhb`ækas

âdflppâs has trbnus% dgegks rubkâs% plyslks hâpgssâhâs% asdelvas

iu`btbis% sa dflr`ærakt ha hâiakhra e'Âèbsa hu Dfrbst at ha

Hgklt dgktra eas Dltfgebquas at ea hblnea <<+ Bes plrdgurlbakt eas

dlopl`kas% lroâs ha `rgs nîtgks% dflktlkt eas egulkàs ha

Hbau% hâtrgusslkt eas vgylàurs% oaklàlkt eas prgprbâtlbras%

pbeelkt eas iaroas% lssgoolkt eas deards dltfgebquas% lttl/

<" Zlssbg Hgkltb% >/4+ ebquas% has Hgkltbstas iurakt axbeâs gu obs

>" Bnbh+% 4 at 9+ ‘ L Dlrtflà% eas ê ogrt SZlssbg Hgkltb% 1 3 Luùstbk%

trgupas sgkt dgkhubtas plr uk trbnuk &bnbh+% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% e% 6% <43

>3 <3 <4"+ <<% <6"+

4" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 8/1+ 2" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlr/8" Bnbh+% .ç/6+ oakblkb% B% <<% <6+

1" Bnbh+% <</<>+ <:" Gptît% BBB% 83 Luùstbk% Aklrr+bk9" Bnbh+% 6 at <4+ Zsleo+ <4>% 4 at 9 3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%ëiçn'bh+% 2+ ‘ Di+ < at <8+ <% >6% 4>3 Ha flaras+% 92+

6" Ak nbak has akhrgbts% eas nlsbebquas <<" Luùstbu% Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>%9+

iurakt dgkibsquâas at rakhuas lux Dltng/



>6 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

qulkt eas âèbsas% prítlkt olbk/igrta lux deards sdfbsoltbquas <+

Ha eaur døtâ% eas âvgquas at eas eattrâs hu plrtb ha Hgkltoaklbakt ldtbvaoakt eaur ùarra ha plopfeats+ Hlks ha patbts

âdrbts flbkaux at hâdeloltgbras% qub sa trlksoattlbakt ha dgo/ouklutâ ak dgoouklutâ pgur sa râplkhra plrtgut% bes ka sa

elsslbakt pls ha rââhbtar eaurs vbaux `rbais% akdgra `rgssbs plr

el eâàkha% dgktra eas Dltfgebquas% surtgut dgktra Dladbeblkus

ha Dlrtflà% qu'bes rakhlbakt raspgkslnea ha tgut% at qu'bes lddu/

slbakt ha hbrbàr el parsâdutbgk <+ Bes bksârlbakt eaurs hbltrbnas

musqua hlks has raeltbgks olrtyrgeg`bquas% dgksldrâas sgbt

lux olrtyrs ha eaur sadta 4% sgbt lux olrtyrs lutfaktbquas ha el

parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdtâtbak'+ Has ebnaeeas hbiiloltgbras% dgkta/klkt has hâkgkdbltbgks% has lddusltbgks paribhas dgktra tae gutae Dltfgebqua% lrrbvlbakt musqua hlks eas nuralux has ol`bs/trlts% sa èbsslbakt hlks eas lrdfbvas at aktra eas olbks has `gu/varkaurs+ L peusbaurs raprbsas% ak 4<2 at 4>:% e'aoparaur hut

bktarhbra ê sas làkts ha takbr dgopta has hâkgkdbltbgks lkg/kyoas dgktakuas hlks das ebnaeeas {ilogsb ebnaeeb"'%UU grhgkkloíoa h'ak radfardfar at h'ak pukbr eas lutaurs U

Dladbeblkus k'ak rastlbt pls ogbks% pgur tgus eas dfrâtbaksh'gutra/oar% e'âvíqua eâ`btboa ha Dlrtflà at ea dfai ha e'Âèbsa

h'Lirbqua+ Igrt ha dat lppub at ha el prgtadtbgk bopârblea% be

taklbt títa lux hbssbhakts+ Qk bkstlkt oíoa% eas hbssaksbgks ha

sas lhvarslbras plrurakt dgoprgoattra sârbausaoakt eaur dlusa+

Qk `rlkh sdlkhlea âdeltl% ak 4>:% hlks ea dlop hgkltbsta+ Qkdartlbk Vukhbklrbus% hbldra ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua ha Dgks/tlktbka% âtlbt ak quaraeea lvad sgk âvíqua Tbevlkus+ Irlppâ plr

daeub/db% be râsgeut ha sa vakàr+ Be lddusl Tbevlkus h'lvgbr ilb/

neb hlks el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% at ibt tlkt ha nrubt qu'be

gntbkt uka akquíta lhobkbstrltbva+ Ea prgdæs aut ebau ê Xflou/`lhb% havlkt ]akgpfbeus% `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba+ L e'luhbakda

hu 6 hâdaonra 4>:% Vukhbklrbus prghubsbt dgktra Tbevlkus

has dflràs lddlnelktas = ea prgdæs/varnle ha sl dfuta egrs has

slbsbas hlks e'âèbsa ha Dbrtl ak 4:4% has eattras h'âvíquas ku/

obhas qub lvlbakt dfardfâ f âtguiiar e'liilbra% has tâogb`klàsouetbpeas at brrâduslneas 9

+ Nrai% Tbevlkus iut radgkku dguplnea+

<" Gptît% B,,% 83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:6% oaogrbl prgrg`ltur ³ Sbnbh+% 6"+

9% <6= <61% 8% <13 Dgktrl Drasdgkfto% 4" Zlssbg Hgkleb% </=,= 1 3 <8+

BBB% 8>% 89= Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<% ></ 8" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <9/>: Nleuza+

>>3 Lh Hgklebstls pgst Dgeelb+% r%% >>+ 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% </4+

>" + b3% • sse Dla/ •'%" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% hlks

`beblkg Auhbkapbsg tuka bk tlkea%+++ Hblngeg YLppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ <% p+ bx=;/b20

tloak gokbuo bstgruo dgksbebltgr ]bwsl+ / Di+ Gptît% e% <<3 Luùstbk%

takta t Zlssbg Hgkltb% >"= ‘ « parsa/ Apbst+ 84%9% <0 3 14% >% '+3 Lh Dltfgebdgs

dutbgkbs atblo Dladbeblkaksbs usqua bk ibkao Apbstuel dgktrl Hgklebstls% <6% 893




Be k'ak parsbstl pls ogbks hlks sgk lttbtuha flutlbka% olkqulh'â`lrhs akvars eas ol`bstrlts rgolbks% at iut nbaktøt irlppâ

h'uka saktakda h'axbe '+ El oíoa akquíta lvlbt râvâeâ eas âtrlkàsolrdflkhlàs qub lvlbakt prâsbhâ ê el klbsslkda hu Hgkltbsoa%ak prâplrlkt lu dgkdbea ha 4<> el hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus at

e'âeadtbgk ha Olmgrbkus >+ D'âtlbt uk dgup hrgbt pgrtâ ê e'Âèbsa

sdfbsoltbqua% hgkt Tbevlkus âtlbt e'uk has dfais% at hgkt eas prâ/

taktbgks ê el slbktatâ radavlbakt uka druaeea lttabkta+

El parsâdutbgk hurlbt hapubs præs ha dbkq lks = peus gu ogbksvbva saegk ea ogoakt gu ea plys% olbs tgumgurs oaklàlkta at

eâ`lea+Naludgup ha sdfbsoltbquas lvlbakt suddgonâ hlks

eas

nl`lrras3 h'lutras lvlbakt âtâ axbeâs% gu dgkhlokâs ê ogrt 4+

Ea hâvguaoakt has lhaptas hu Hgkltbsoa ak âtlbt ânrlkeâ akolbkt akhrgbt+ Eas dfais sa râsb`kærakt ê haolkhar `rîda+ Luhânut ha e'lkkâa 4><% bes lhrassærakt uka suppebqua ê Dgkstlk/tbk

8+ E'aoparaur% ha sgk døtâ% dgooakàlbt ê hâsaspârar ha

râtlnebr e'ukbtâ 3 be râpu`klbt ê dgktbkuar% slks râsuetlt lppl/rakt% uka Ŕuvra ha vbgeakda+ Ha datta elssbtuha outuaeea leelbt

sgrtbr uka plbx raeltbva% lu ogbks uka tríva+ Ea 1 olb 4><%

Dgkstlktbk prgoueùl uk âhbt ha tgeârlkda% qu'be kgtbibl lu vb/

dlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus 4+ Ea tgk âtlbt træs hâhlb`kaux% bkmurbaux

oíoa pgur eas bktârassâs% pubsqua e'aoparaur s'ak raoattlbt êHbau hu sgbk ha dfîtbar eaur igeba+ Olbs dat âhbt k'ak leelbt plsogbks paroattra lux sdfbsoltbquas ha raspbrar = be lutgrbslbt eas

axbeâs ê raktrar dfaz aux% be suspakhlbt eas pgursubtas% be dgksl/drlbt bopebdbtaoakt ea stltu qug+ Eas Hgkltbstas `lrhærakt eas

nlsbebquas hgkt gk k'lvlbt pu eas hâpgssâhar% gu qu'bes lvlbakt

dgkstrubtas ha eaurs hakbars+ E'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua prguvlbt sgkhrgbt ê e'axbstakda = ak vbvlkt+

Hâsgrolbs% at musqu'ê el ibk ha sgk ræ`ka% Dgkstlktbk ogk/trarl uka sgrta ha râpu`klkda ê sa oíear has liilbras ha e'Lirbquadfrâtbakka+ Be dgopraklbt ole eas quaraeeas has lirbdlbks 3 be eas

muàlbt lnsurhas% at ka s'y bktârasslbt pls+ << k'bktarvaklbt qu'êdgktra/dŔur% at ogeeaoakt% hlks ea saue aspgbr ha râtlnebr ukpau h'grhra delks el dgktrâa H'gò eas fâsbtltbgks at eas dgktrlhbd/tbgks ha sl pgebtbqua+ Yars 4>>% pau lpræs sgk âhbt ha tgeârlkda%

Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% >6% 4>3 >2% 443 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% 188/1803 Lu/BY% 19% 99+ ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<% ><% 423 Lh

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% Hgklebstls pgst Dgeeît+% 4<% 183 Apbst+

4:% 48+ <8<% 2+

>" @astl lpuh ]kkgpfbeuo% p+ <62 at 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 182/11: 3 Lu/<28/<29 ]bwsl+ ùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% 23 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

4" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 13 Luùstbk% Dgktrl <<<% >>% 8: 3 >8% 8>3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgstApbstu lo Zlroakblkb% B% 6% <4+ Dgeeît+% 4<% 183 44% 19+



4: e'âèbsa HGKLXBTXA

be âdrbvlbt lux âvgquas dltfgebquas pgur eaur radgoolkhar el

oghârltbgk '= d'âtlbt radgoolkhar ê el naràrba ha oâklàr

ea egup+ Ak 4>4% be sgkàlbt ê akvgyar ak Lirbqua uka obssbgkh' âvíquas grbaktlux% âtrlkàrs lux dgktrgvarsas egdleas% at

dflr`âs h'uka kguvaeea taktltbva ha dgkdbebltbgk 3 olbs eas

âvâkaoakts h'Grbakt% eas prg`ræs ha e'Lrblkbsoa e'aopídflbaktha hgkkar subta ê datta bhâa >

+ Ak 4>9% be spâdbiblbt qua eas prb/

vbeæàs lddgrhâs lu dear`â dltfgebqua havlbakt ítra raiusâs luxsdfbsoltbquas 4

3 olbs daux/db trguvlbakt ea ogyak ha tgurkar el

egb% at plrigbs ha sa râsarvar ê aux saues eas prbvbeæàs -+ \ulkhbe lppraklbt das bksgeaktas usurpltbgks% e'aoparaur% hâdgurl`â%sa dgktaktlbt h'ak rbra 1

+ Be sa râsb`kl oíoa ê akra`bstrar eas

dgkquítas has Hgkltbstas% slui ê prgpgsar lux Dltfgebquas ukadgopaksltbgk ib

+

Klturaeeaoakt% ea Hgkltbsoa prgibtl ha datta pgebtbqua h'ltar/

ogbaoakts at ha oâklàoakts+ Eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsol/tbquas sa ouetbpebærakt lvad uka bkdrgylnea rlpbhbtâ+ Yars 449%uk dgkdbea râukbt ê @lrtflà haux dakt sgbxlkta/hbx âvíquashgkltbstas+ Zgur ildbebtar akdgra el prgpl`lkha% da dgkdbea/

hâdbhl qua eas Aèbsas hbssbhaktas pgurrlbakt ldduabeebr% slkseas ranlptbsar% eas Dltfgebquas dgkvartbs 0

+ Ak Kuobhba% eas

Hgkltbstas sa saktlbakt sb nbak eas olëtras% qu'bes ka sa `íklbaktpls pgur aopbâtar sur eas hrgbts ha eaurs lhvarslbras+ Bes s'ao/plrlbakt haeê nlsbebqua ha Dgkstlktbka 3 lu oâprbs has dgkstb/

tutbgks bopârbleas% bes sguoattlbakt eas deards dltfgebquas% huogbks eas deards ha rlk` bkiârbaur% lux dflràs ha el durba 6

+ Ngk`râ ole râ+ Dgkstlktbk hut bktarvakbr3 olbs sgk bktarvaktbgkk'aut h'lutra aiiat qua h'akdgurlàr e'luhlda has sadtlbras+ Zlruka dgkstbtutbgk hltâa hu 1 iâvrbar 44:% e'aoparaur grhgkkl lu`guvarkaur ha Kuobhba h'lssurar plrtgut% ê tgus eas deards dltfg/

ebquas% eas booukbtâs `lrlktbas plr eas egbs lktârbauras +

Olbs be dâhl sur el quastbgk ha el nlsbebqua = hlks el drlbkta hakguvaeeas vbgeakdas% be elbssl e'âèbsa lux sdfbsbkltbquas% tgut akprgoattlkt ê eaurs lhvarslbras ha eaur ilbra dgkstrubra ukalutra âèbsa lux irlbs hu trâsgr punebd+ Hlks el eattra gò be lvb/

slbt eas âvíquas dltfgebquas ha sl hâdbsbgk at has bkstrudtbgks

hgkkâas ak dgksâquakda lu `guvarkaur% be dfardflbt ê sa evbbrd

b" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 2% p+ ><> ]bwsl3 Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB%>% <+

]bwsl+ T" Ausæna% Ybtl Dgkstlktbk}% B% /e'b+

>" Dgkstlktbk% Apbseuel lh Leaxlk/ 9" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ <:% p+ ><1+

hruo ap at Brbuo prasnytaruo 0" Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 24% <:% 84+

‘ Ausæna% Ybtl Dgkstlktbkb% BB% 99/96+ 6" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ <:% p+ ><1+

4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% <+ 2" Dgh+ Xfagh+ % VYB% >% 0+

8" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% u+ <:% p+ ><1



LYLKX TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 4<

plrhgkkar sl dlpbtueltbgk ak prghbùlkt eas dgksgeltbgks UL das dgkdassbgks ha e'aoparaur% eas Hgkltbstas râpgkhlbakt

plr el vbgeakda at plr e'âoauta+ Zlrigbs% eas haux plrtbs akvaklbakt lux olbks+ Yars da taops/eê% hlks uka patbta vbeea haOlurâtlkba% gk âeavlbt uka dflpaeea ak e'fgkkaur ha olrtyrsqub lvlbakt suddgonâ ea >< gdtgnra 4>2% prgnlneaoakt hlks ukanltlbeea aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas >

+ El ùarra ha plo/pfeats dgktbkulbt% dgooa e'lttastakt haux dgkstbtutbgks bopâ/rbleas = Xuka ha Dgkstlktbk% ak 4>6 4

3 e'lutra ha Dgkstlkda%lhrassâa l Lux Lirbdlbks ³% ak 446 8

+ Lux plopfeats% êe'âoauta% s'lmgutlbt el dgktrgvarsa = Hgklt ha Dlrtflà% vars449% puneblbt sl dâeænra Eattra sur ea nlptíoa% qua havlbt peustlrh râiutar Luùstbk 1

+

El sbtultbgk s'l``rlvl vars ea taops ha el ogrt ha Dgkstlk/tbk+ Ak 449 gu 440% @ra`grbus% prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Btleba% bktar/vbkt ak Lirbqua% gò paut/ítra be sa rakhbt eub/oíoa 3 be saonealvgbr prbs has oasuras rb`gurausas% olbs pau aiibdldas% dgktraeas sdfbsoltbquas+ Be hut vbta ra`rattar sgk bopruhakda+ Hgklteub âdrbvbt uka eattra h'bkmuras+ Ea prâiat% qub dgkklbsslbt sgk

fgooa at qub ka olkqulbt pls h'asprbt% ka drut pls havgbr saiîdfar = lu tarrbnea prbolt% be râpgkhbt% kgus hbt/gk% lvad ukaoghârltbgk at uka gkdtbgk tgut âpbsdgpleasU E'luhlda hashbssbhakts ka dgkkut peus ha ngrkas+ Has nlkhas ha Dbrdgkdae/ebgks tarrgrbslbakt el Kuobhba at sgueavlbakt eas bkhb`ækas% tgu/mgurs príts ê pbeear ea plys rgolbk pgur el ègbra hu vrlb Hbauat el hâiaksa ha e'Âèbsa parsâdutâa+ Haux has dfais ha dattamldquarba% Lxbhg at Ilsbr% sa ibrakt legrs uka sbkbstra râputltbgk+

Dgooa peus tlrh eas bk`âkbaux nrb`lkhs ha @ræda gu ha Tbdbea%bes lvlbakt el hâebdltassa h'lvartbr ê e'lvlkda eaurs iuturasvbdtboas% ak eaur giirlkt ha sa rldfatar = bes akvgylbakt luxprgprbâtlbras has eattras ha oakldas% at e'gk slvlbt qua das lvbsk'âtlbakt pls ha vlbkas plrgeas <

+ Zlrigbs% qulkh eas akkaobsolkqulbakt% bes sa râsb`klbakt ê irlppar eaurs lobs = d'ast dattafârgçqua râsb`kltbgk qub leelbt eas parhra+

Eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks ibrakt sb nbak qu'bes aiirlyærakt musqu'luxdfais ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ Y' ars 48:% has âvíquas hgkltbstas

ha bKuobhba% prgnlneaoakt lssaoneâs pgur uk dgkdbea% âdrb/vbrakt ê Xlurbkus% dgota h'Lirbqua% pgur eub haolkhar sgklppub dgktra eaurs hlkàraux leebâs+ Gk akvgyl has trgupas3

<" Dgkstlktbk% Apbstuel lh apbsdgpgs 8" Bnbh+% BV% 48% 1+

Klobhls% p+ ><4/><9 ]bwsl+ 1" Luùstbk% âtrldt+% B% >:+

>" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% ><1<<+ 9" Gptlb% BBB% 4+

4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% 8+ 0" Gptît% BBB% 8+



4> e'âèbsa hgkltista

eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks gsærakt takbr títa ê e'lroâa râùebæra+ Qkanltlbeea s'ak`làl præs hu ngur`/ h'Gdtlvl 3 aeea sa tarobkl plrel hârguta at uk `rlkh olssldra has bksur`âs+ Eas âvíquas hashaux plrtbs s'lddgrhlbakt ê dgksbhârar eas vbdtboas dgooa hasoleilbtaurs mustaoakt pukbs 3 uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta ha Kuobhbabktarhbt ha eas aksavaebr hlks eas nlsbebquas+ +Olbs% pgur el igueaat eas axletâs ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks ols/sldrâs plr eas sgehlts havbkrakt has olrtyrs 3 egk`taops lpræs%gk leelbt akdgra fgkgrar eaurs raebquas sur ea dflop hanltlbeea% gò e'aopeldaoakt has tgonas âtlbt bkhbquâ plr hastlneas nelkdfas ak igroa h'lutae U

Xgut ak dgkhloklkt ak prbkdbpa eas vbgeakdas ha eaurs leebâsdgoprgoattlkts% eas dfais hu Hgkltbsoa ak prgibtlbakt+ Bes pgur/subvlbakt eaur prgpl`lkha% at s'aiigràlbakt oíoa ha e'âtakhramusqu'lux plys h'gutra/oar+ Hlks eas dgkhlokltbgks suddas/sbvas prgkgkdâas dgktra eaur Aèbsa% ea `rlkh lrùoakt% tgu/mgurs raprghubt% lvlbt âtâ eaur sdfbsoa oíoa% eaur ruptura lvadeas dfrâtbaks has lutras prgvbkdas% bes ka hâsaspârærakt pls haprguvar qu'bes raprâsaktlbakt ak Lirbqua el vârbtlnea Aèbsadltfgebqua at qu'bes k'lvlbakt pls rgopu lvad tgutas eas dfrâ/tbaktâs egbktlbkas+ Gk eaur gnmadtlbt surtgut qua eaurs lhvar/slbras âtlbakt ak dgooukbgk lvad e'Aèbsa lpgstgebqua ha^goa = bes rbpgstærakt ak igkhlkt% aux lussb% uka Âèbsa hlksel vbeea ha slbkt Zbarra+

D'ast slks hguta vars 4>: qua eas Hgkltbstas gr`lkbsærakt eaurdgoouklutâ ha ^goa% hbrb`âa h'lngrh plr has lhobkbstrltaursprgvbsgbras gu bktârbolbras &fbearvaktgras"-% pubs plr uka sârba

h'âvíquas 4+ Ea praobar ha das âvíquas iut Ybdtgr ha @lrna-%

prgnlneaoakt e'âvíqua kuobha ha da kgo qub ibùra ak 4:1hlks ea Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl 1

+ El parsbstlkda ha datta dgoou/klutâ sdfbsoltbqua ê Fgoa% pakhlkt tgut ea bv sbædea% ast lttas/

tâa plr uka suddassbgk râùebæra h'âvíquas i'3 kgus ak dgkklbs/

sgks sapt% hgkt ea harkbar% uk dartlbk Iâebx% lssbstarl ak 8<< ê

el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà + Eas Hgklebstas ha ^goa sa paukbsslbakt% saonea/t/be% lux akvbrgks ha el vbeea% sur uka ogk/tl`ka rgdfausa qub hgobklbt uka pelbka = h'gò eas kgos qu'gk

eaur hgkklbt% Ogktaksas% Dgopaksas% Dlopbtla% Dutzupbtla kuûpbeld-+ Bes havlbakt sa dgktaktar% lu ogbks ê e'grb`bka% h'uka

<" Gptît% BBB% <+ dgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:+

>" Luùstbk% e;a ukbr%% nlptbsog% <9% >6+ 9" Gptît% BB% 8+

gptît% BB% 8+ <" Dgeeut+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <823 <10/<9<+

8" u e't Ybdtgr @lrnaksbs fbkd prbgr obt/ 6" Gptît% BB% 83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% <%

taratur ³ &Gptît% BB% 8"+ <= Dgktrl ebeearls Zatb blkb% BB% <:6%

1" Gptlb% B% <83 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drâl/ >803 Lh Dltfgebdgl apbstuel dgktrl Hg/







LYLKX TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 41

ha sgk døtâ% âdrbvlbt uka eattra h'bkmuras <+ Yars ea obebau ha

e'lkkâa 480% Dgkstlkt sa hâdbhl ê prgoueùar uk âhbt h'ukbgk%grhgkklkt el iusbgk has haux Âèbsas rbvleas% d'ast/ê/hbra el hbs/

sgeutbgk ha tgutas eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas% at e'lttrbnu/

tbgk lux Dltfgebquas ha tgutas eas nlsbebquas at lutras nbaks >+

Ak elkàlkt dat âhbt « h'ukbgk ³ gu « h'ukbtâ ³% dgooa gk e'lp/

pael% Dgkstlkt k'bkkgvlbt pls = be raoattlbt sbopeaoakt akvbùaur el egb ha Dgkstlktbk% daeea ha 4<9% qub k'lvlbt mlolbsâtâ igroaeeaoakt lnrg`âa% olbs hgkt e'lppebdltbgk lvlbt âtâ

suspakhua plr e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda ha 4>< U Hapubs trakta lks%ea Hgkltbsoa k'âtlbt qua tgeârâ% be k'lvlbt pls h'axbstakda eâ`lea3

h'lbeeaurs% be k'ak lYlbt pls ogbks prgspârâ+ Xguta el quastbgkâtlbt hgkd ha slvgbr sb ea `guvarkaoakt daktrle at sas raprâ/saktlkts ak Lirbqua raduearlbakt gu kgk havlkt el hbiibduetâ hailbra lppebquar ea kguvae âhbt+ Datta igbs% eas dbrdgkstlkdaslbhlkt% e'aoparaur at sas làkts purakt leear musqu'lu ngut+

Hlks el plrtba grbaktlea ha e'Lirbqua eltbka% ak Zrgdgksuelbra%ak Nyzldæka% ak Xrbpgebtlbka% e'ukbgk s'lddgopebt slks trgp ha

râsbstlkda8

+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas y âtlbakt raeltbvaoakt ogbkskgonraux3 bes k'y igrolbakt pls ha `rgupas dgopldts% at kapguvlbakt dgoptar sur has sgueævaoakts h bkhb`ækas3 paut/ítra

lussb lvlbakt/bes parhu uk pau ha eaur âkar`ba ilrgudfa% pakhlktdas trakta lkkâas ha plbx at ha prgspârbtâ+ Kue hguta qua das

râ`bgks lbakt âtâ prgigkhâoakt trguneâas plr e'lrrbvâa has dgo/obsslbras bopârblux% qua nbak has ilkltbquas lbakt prâiârâ e'axbe

ê el sguobssbgk at sa sgbakt akiubs lvad eaurs âvíquas 13 olbs%

kb hlks e'bktârbaur ha el Zrgdgksuelbra% kb ak Nyzldæka% gkk'lvlbt dgksarvâ ea sguvakbr ha euttas vbgeaktas+ L Dlrtflà% gòvabeelbt Hgklt% el râsbstlkda iut lssurâoakt peus vbva3 olbs aeea

y rakdgktrlbt peus h'gnstldeas% at kgus k'y dgkklbssgks qua hauxvbdtboas+ Ea <1 lgót 480% gk y liibdflbt uk âhbt prgdgksuelbra%raeltbi ê e'ukbgk has Âèbsas% prgnlneaoakt lux oasuras prbsasplr ea prgdgksue% h'lddgrh lvad eas dgoobsslbras% pgur lssurare'axâdutbgk ha e'âhbt bopârble 9

+ Qk dartlbk Olxboblkus ka putdgktakbr sgk bkhb`kltbgk% at eldârl e'liibdfa+ Be iut lrrítâ plr

grhra hu `guvarkaur% at obs ê el tgrtura U Qk lutra Hgkltbsta%kgooâ Bslld% qub lssbstlbt ê el sdæka% bkmurbl eas Dltfgebquas 3

<" Gptît% BBB% 4+ 4" Di+ Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% >+

>" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ <9< Ob`ka3 Zls/ 8" « Bk Zrgvbkdbl Zrgdgksuelrb tuka kue/sbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096/092 eus lroleuo obebtarl vbtebt ³ &Gptît% BBB% 8"+

Ob`ka 3 Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% Axgrh+3 1" Gptît% BBB% <+

Gptît% BBB% < at 43 Luùstbk% Zsleous dgk/ 9" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096brl plrtao Hgkltb% <813 Apbs t+ <:1% >% Ob`ka+2+ 0" Bnbh+% p+ 092+




be aut ea oíoa sgrt <+ Eas haux ilkltbquas iurakt aksubta dgk/

hlokâs ê e'axbe+ Bslld ogurut ak prbsgk% ea <1 lgót-+ Zgussâ%

hbt/gk% plr eas Dltfgebquas% ea prgdgksue lurlbt ilbt matar ê eloar ea ogrt at ea vbvlkt 4

+ Olbs el oar âtlbt dgopebda has Hgkl/tbstas ha Dlrtbelà3 sas iegts rloakærakt lu rbvlà eas dgrps haeaurs haux olrtyrs '+

Ak Kuobhba% eahbt ha Dgkstlkt hâdflëkl uka vârbtlnea ùarraraeb`bausa+ Eê% hlks el râ`bgk ha Xflou`lhb% ha Xfavasta% haNl`lç% âtlbt ea daktra hu Hgkltbsoa% havaku dgooa uka raeb/

`bgk kltbgklea+ Eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas y âtlbakt peuskgonrausas at peus pubsslktas qua eas dgoouklutâs dltfgebquas3aeeas pguvlbakt dgoptar sur e'lppub has igueas% has plyslks%oíoa has bkhb`ækas3 aeeas lvlbakt dgksarvâ el igb rgnusta at

e'bktrlksbàlkda has praobars taops+ Eas dgoobsslbras bopâ/rblux% hlks das dgktrâas% sa faurtærakt plrtgut ê e'fgstbebtâ haspgpueltbgks+ Has eâàkhas sa igroærakt lutgur h'aux = ea nrubt

sa râplkhbt qu'bes prâtakhlbakt bopgsar lux ibhæeas e'lhgrltbgkh'uka bolà% peldâa sur e'lutae

1+ El drâhuebtâ pgpuelbra% el

drlbkta ha pldtbsar lvad e'bhgeîtrba% liiarobt eas asprbts hlkse'bhâa ha el râsbstlkda gu ha el iubta+ L e'lpprgdfa ha Oldlrbusat ha Zlueus% eas vbeeas at eas ngur`lhas havaklbakt hâsartas =

el peuplrt has sdfbsoltbquas s'ak leelbakt lu flslrh% lvad eaur

âvíqua at eaurs prítras 9+ L Nl`lç% gk gr`lkbsl el hâiaksa+ E'âví/

qua Hgklt% uk ilkltbqua râsgeu ê tgut% iët lppae lux Dbrdgkdae/ebgks+ << râhbàl uka prgdeloltbgk% qu'gk drblbt hlks eas ngur`sat eas olrdfâs ha el râ`bgk% pgur axfgrtar tgus eas vrlbs dfrâ/tbaks ê sluvar eaur Aèbsa+ Be igrtbibl sl vbeea% trlksigrol sl

nlsbebqua ak `rakbar% y aktlssl has lpprgvbsbgkkaoakts pgursas trgupas ha rakdgktra+ Ak lppraklkt das prâplrltbis ha ùarra%eas dgoobsslbras bopârblux k'fâsbtærakt pls ê raquârbr e'lppub

ha Tbevastar% dgota h'Lirbqua+ Dgooa lu taops hu dgota Xlu/rbkus% uka lroâa olrdfl dgktra eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% dgoolkhâsdatta igbs plr uk âvgqua+ Qka lvlkt/`lrha% qub sa ogktrl luxakvbrgks ha Nl`lç% iut oletrlbtâa plr uk `rgupa ha plrtbslkshgkltbstas+ Eas giibdbars rgolbks ka purakt ratakbr eaurs trgupas%qub sa prâdbpbtærakt sur el vbeea% raopgrtærakt uka vbdtgbra ildbea%

at olssldrærakt tgut U Hgklt ha Nl`lç pârbe hlks el nl`lrra%gu iut tuâ pau lpræs 3 gk e'fgkgrl dgooa uk olrtyr U

<" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+~;5 @" Bnbh+% BBB% <+

00:+ 0" Bnbh+% BBB% 8+

>" QLh+% p+ 00:+ 6" Gptît% BBB% :3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtta/

4m 5 +% p+ 00>/004+ rls Zatbeblkb% BB% >:% 893 eu Mgflkkbs8" Bnbh+% p+ 004/00<+ Avlkàebuo% VB% U=;+

1% Gpele% BBB% <>% YBB% 9+





4) e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

ha Oldlrbus &Oldlrblkl taopgrl"U el parsâdutbgk ha Oldlrbus&Oldlrblkl parsadbttbg" /% at pgur qub eas Dltfgebquas% dgopebdashu ngurralu% havbkrakt eas OldlrbgkZ % ea plrtb ha Oldlrbus

&plrs Oldlrbb" U e'Aèbsa ha Oldlrbus &Oldlrblkl Addeasbl" UZgur dgopeâtar e'Ŕuvra h'ukbgk at ha râprassbgk% gk axbel fgrsh'Lirbqua Hgklt ha Dlrtflà at eas prbkdbplux âvíquas sdfbsol/tbquas% lu ogbks daux qu'gk put slbsbr3 gk dgkibsqul eas nlsb/

ebquas lu prgibt has Dltfgebquas3 gk ldfavl plrtgut el iusbgk hasdgoouklutâs rbvleas 9

+ Eas dgoobsslbras at eas `guvarkaurspurakt lkkgkdar ê e'aoparaur qua el plbx at e'ukbtâ râ`klbaktak Lirbqua+

D'âtlbt uk trbgopfa âdeltlkt pgur eas Dltfgebquas hu plys+ Bes

iaroærakt eas yaux sur eas ogyaks aopegyâs% pgur ka dgksbhâ/rar qua ea râsuetlt = lpræs trakta/dbkq lks ha euttas% ha quarae/eas at ha sguiirlkdas% eas hbssbhakts âtlbakt vlbkdus% ea sdfbsoalkâlktb% e'ukbtâ râtlneba hlks e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+ Eas âvíquasdltfgebquas ha el dgktrâa ka sa dgktaktærakt pls ha dâeânrareaur vbdtgbra3 bes surakt ak prgibtar% at saoneakt oíoa k'aklvgbr pls trgp lnusâ+ Elbsslkt lu pguvgbr dbvbe at obebtlbra el

raspgkslnbebtâ has vbgeakdas% vgylkt eaurs lhvarslbras ak axbe

gu râhubts ê e'bopubsslkda% bes sa prâgddupærakt surtgut ha râgr/`lkbsar eaurs dgoouklutâs+ Da iut e'Ŕuvra ha sykghas râ`bg/klux qub sbâ`ærakt hlks tgutas eas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas '

% pubsh'uk dgkdbea `âkârle taku ê Dlrtflà% ak 486% sgus el prâsb/

hakda ha @rltus% âvíqua ha Dlrtflà at dfai supríoa ha e'Aèbsa

lirbdlbka+ @rltus guvrbt da dgkdbea plr uk hbsdgurs sgeakkae% êel igbs aktfgusblsta at flnbea% raeltbvaoakt oghârâ% gò be sut

aktgkkar ea dflkt ha trbgopfa% rakhra `rîdas ê Hbau at ê

e'aoparaur% eguar e'âhbt h'ukbgk% lpprguvar e'Ŕuvra ha Oldlrbusat ha Zlueus% sa iâebdbtar hu ratgur ê e'ukbtâ% slks pgussar êngut eas sdfbsoltbquas ha el vabeea% ak radgoolkhlkt oíoalux vlbkquaurs ha ka pls lnusar ha eaur suddæs 6

+ Ea dgkdbeavgtlhbvars dlkgkshbsdbpebklbras% hgkt haux vbslbakt hbradtaoaktea fgkltbsoa+ Be dgkhlokl el prltbqua hu sadgkh nlptíoa% akhâdbhlkt qu'gk râdgkdbebarlbt eas rleebâs plr el sbopea bopgsb/tbgk has olbks 2

+ Be râèaoaktl lussb ea dueta has olrtyrs%qu'lvlbakt sguvakt hâklturâ eas prltbquas at eas prâtaktbgks has

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 88% >% 83 88% 4% 13 eblkt% BB% 42% 2> at 283 89% <:6+

Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <:% 1+ 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 82% 4+

>" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 09< Ob`ka3 Lu/ 9" Gptît% be% <13 BBB% < 5=t '++

O% Apbs t+ Be% 4% 1+ 0" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtcl`+ lku+ 486% Axgrh+4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:3 Dgktrl ebt/ at alu+ >/4+

tarls Zaebeblkb% BB% 2>% >:6+ 6" Bnbh+% Axgrh+8" Luùstbk% e'ukbrl ebttarls Zaeb/ 2" enbh+% <+




sdfbsoltbquas3 olbs% ak s'aiçgràlkt ha prâvakbr eas lnus% be sa

`lrhl ha pgrtar lttabkta lu prbkdbpa% ateas slbkts hóoakt lutg/

rbsâs k'y parhbrakt rbak '+

Zakhlkt qubkza lks% ha 486 ê 49>% e'Âèbsa h'Lirbqua% giibdbae/

eaoakt ukbibâa% mgubt h'uka plbx raeltbva+ Ha dat îà ha plbx% qub

ê hbstlkda% at plr dgktrlsta% eub saonelbt hb`ka hu Zlrlhbs%

Gptît ha Obeav trlda uk tlnealu prasqua bhyeebqua = « Eas paupeas

h'Lirbqua% hbslbt/be peus tlrh lux Hgkltbstas% eas paupeas h'L/

irbqua at eas Grbaktlux at tgus eas lutras dfrâtbaks h'gutra/oar

âtlbakt ukbs hlks el plbx ha e'ukbtâ3 hlks e'ukbtâ aeea/oíoa%

plr e'flrogkba ha tgus sas oaonras% s'âtlbt radgkstbtuâ ea dgrps

ha e'Âèbsa+ H'gò el hgueaur hu Hblnea% qub sa tguroakta tgu/mgurs ha vgbr eas iræras ak plbx+ Ak da taops/eê% sgus uk aopa/raur dfrâtbak% ea Hblnea âtlbt hâelbssâ3 dgooa akiaroâ hlkseas bhgeas% be sa dldflbt hlks eas taopeas+ Ak da oíoa taops%

vgs dfais at vgs prbkdbplux âvíquas âtlbakt ak axbe% dgooa bes

e'lvlbakt oârbtâ+ Hlks e'Aèbsa% be k'y lvlbt luduk sdfbsoa3 at

be k'âtlbt pls parobs lux plçaks ha prltbquar eaurs sldrbeæàs+

El plbx% lboâa ha Hbau% flnbtlbt dfaz tgus eas paupeas dfrâtbaks+

Ea Hblnea s'liiebàlbt hlks eas taopeas3 at vgus% hlks has plysâtrlkàrs ³U Olefaurausaoakt% el vârbtâ fbstgrbqua lmguta

quaequas gonras lu tlnealu h'Gptlt+

Tlks hguta% e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua prgibtl elràoakt ha el

hârguta has sdfbsoltbquas% at ibt ha `rlkhs prg`ræs hlks el dgk/

trâa+ Ak hbvars akhrgbts% aeea igkhl ha kguvaeeas dgoouklu/tâs+ Da iut ea dls ê Dlrpb3 uk dartlbk Yarltblkus% âvgqua hgkl/tbsta ha datta vbeea% hbslbt ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< = « Ma subs ea

suddassaur ha Ilustbkblkus% qub lvlbt âtâ grhgkkâ plr Hgklthlks e'ukbtâ ha el vârbtâ+ Olbs peus tlrh% lux taops ha Oldl/rbus% eas trlhbtaurs sa sgkt ogktrâs dfaz kgus ³ 4

+ Ha peus% kgusslvgks qu'uk dartlbk kgonra h'âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas s'âtlbakt

rleebâs lpræs e'âhbt h'ukbgk3 peusbaurs h'aktra aux lssbstlbakt% ak

486% lu dgkdbea ha @rltus+ Olbs el plbx lpplrakta dldflbt ha

sgurhas rlkdukas% at iut olbkta igbs trguneâa plr has bkdbhakts

lssaz `rlvas+ Das lkdbaks sdfbsoltbquas% rleebâs ê e'Âèbsa

dltfgebqua% dgksarvlbakt eaur tbtra at eaurs igkdtbgks 3 el peuplrt

k'lttakhlbakt qu'uka gddlsbgk ha matar ea olsqua+ Hlks nalu/dgup ha vbeeas% bes plrtlàlbakt eas plrgbssas at eas ibhæeas lvad

e'lkdbak âvíqua dltfgebqua% havaku eaur dgeeæùa% olbs rastâ

eaur rbvle+ D'âtlbt el sgurda ha sârbausas hbiibduetâs+ Lu dgkdbea

ha 486% Lktb`gkus% âvíqua ha Olhlurgs% sa pelb`kbt loæra/

<" Dgkdbe+ Dlrefl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ >+ 4" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <60+

>" Gptît% BB% <1+



8: b ÂuEbsr/3 hgkltbsta

oakt has aopbâtaoakts ha sgk dgkiræra Gptlktbus = « \ulkh be

ast vaku oa trguvar% hbt Lktb`gkus% be l dgkdeu lvad ogb ukpldta% at kgus lvgks plrtl`â eas ibhæeas+ Kgs dgkvaktbgksâdrbtas sgkt eê% at kgs dgktrlts+ Ak hâpbt ha da pldta% be gsa dbr/

dgkvakbr eas ibhæeas qub o'gkt âtâ lttrbnuâs3 be o'akeæva ogktrgupalu3 sb nbak qu'gk e'lppaeea% eub% ea pæra% at% ogb% ea nalu/pæra-+ "" \ulkh eas Dltfgebquas igkhærakt eaur dgoouklutâ haDlrpb% bes hurakt ítra lssaz ole ldduabeebs

3 quaequas lkkâas peustlrh% gk olssldrl hlks datta vbeea peusbaurs ha eaurs hbldras >

+

Eas plrtbslks ha Hgklt k'lvlbakt pls lnlkhgkkâ tgut aspgbrh'uka ravlkdfa+ Qka dgkstbtutbgk ha e'aoparaur Dgkstlkda%hltâa ha 411% prguva qua el dlopl`ka ha plopfeats dgktb/kulbt

4+ Gk dâeânrlbt el oâogbra has olrtyrs hu taops haOldl/

rbus 3 ak das lkkâas eê iut râhb`âa el Zlssbg Olrdueb% tgutavbnrlkta ha drbs flbkaux dgktra eas « lrtbslks ha e'ukbtâ ³ at

eaurs dgopebdas'+ Eas Hgkltbstas k'lvlbakt oíoa pls rakgkdâ ê

el pgeâobqua prgpraoakt hbta= d'ast pakhlkt datta pârbgha haplbx lpplrakta qua e'uk has eaurs% Ybtaeebus Liar% âdrbvbt sas

guvrlàs dgktra eas Dltfgebquas% gò be prgtastlbt dgktra eas

râdaktas parsâdutbgks1

+ Akibk% hlks eaur axbe% eas dfais hu plrtbvlbkdu râsarvlbakt e'lvakbr = qulkh Hgklt ea @rlkh ogurut vars411% gk âeut ê sl pelda Zlroakblkus dgooa âvíqua ha Dlrtflàat prbolt hgkltbsta + Hgkd% ea iau dguvlbt sgus el dakhra = be sui/

ibslbt h'uka sluta ha vakt pgur rleeuoar e'bkdakhba+

Gk s'ak lparàut ê e'lvækaoakt ha e'aoparaur Muebak+ Akquaequas ogbs% e'gk vbt raklëtra at plrtgut sa radgkstbtuare'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% lussb pubsslkta at peus oaklàlkta quamlolbs+ Xgut ak rastlurlkt ea pgeytfâbsoa at ak rguvrlkt eas

taopeas% ea kguvae aoparaur oaklbt uka dlopl`ka flnbea at

paribha dgktra ea dfrbstblkbsoa = kgk saueaoakt be akeavlbt sasprbvbeæàs lu dear`â dltfgebqua% olbs% sgus prâtaxta ha tgeâ/

rlkda% be hâdflëklbt plrtgut el ùarra raeb`bausa ak rlppaelkt<rs nlkkbs% ak prgdelolkt el ebnartâ ha tgutas eas sadtas% aklddgrhlkt tguta ebdakda lux fârâsbas 0

+ Eas Hgkltbstas slbsbrakte'gddlsbgk+ Zeusbaurs ha eaurs âvíquas% kgtlooakt Zgktbus%^g`ltblkus at Dlssblkus% lhrassærakt has raquítas ê e'aoparaur

at ibrakt lupræs ha eub has hâolrdfas prasslktas% ak bkvgqulkt

<" Dgkdbe+ Dlre wr + lob+ 486% dlk+ <>+ 89% 6% <0+

>_ Gptît% BB% <6+ 0" Gptît% BB% <9/<03 Luùstbk% Dgkiass+%4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% 9+ Obe% 1% <:3 Muebak% Apbst+ 4< at 8>3 Lo/8" Zlssbg Olrdueb% y+ 0::/09< Ob`kd+ obak Olraaeebk% UUee% ç;3 ûebu% Fbst+

@akklhbus% eba vbr+ bee+% 8+ Add as+% B% >03 Fbst+ ldapf+% 03 Dgh+9" Mârøoa% Dfrgk lh lkk+ 4113 Q|;elt% Xfàgh+% Obe% 1% <>= V% 4% B3 VBB% <% 1:3

BBB% 43 Luùstbk% âtrldt+% Be% <43 s;ro+ VBBB% 4% 1+



LYLKX TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 8<

ea hrgbt dgoouk% pgur gntakbr e'lssbobeltbgk hu Hgkltbsoa luxsadtas prgpraoakt hbtas% d'ast/ê/hbra e'lkkueltbgk ha e'âhbt ha

Dgkstlkt% ea rlppae has axbeâs lirbdlbks% el rastbtutbgk has nlsb/

ebquas% ea hrgbt ha vbvra'+ Zlr uk rasdrbt sgeakkae% prgnlneaoaktlu hânut ha e'lkkâa 49>% Muebak lddgrhl lux Hgkltbstas tgut da

qu'bes haolkhlbakt = ebnartâ hu dueta% rlppae has nlkkbs% rastb/

tutbgk has nbaks.+ Lvad el râsurradtbgk hu sdfbsoa% d'âtlbt

hâdrâtar el ùarra raeb`bausa+

Hlks tgus eas dardeas h'axbeâs% ai hlks nbak has vbeeas gu has

ngur`s h'Lirbqua% ha nruylktas olkbiastltbgks ha mgba ldduabe/

ebrakt ea rasdrbt ha e'aoparaur+ Zlroakblkus% hâsb`kâ hapubsegk`taops dgooa suddassaur ha Hgklt% plrtbt lussbtøt pgurDlrtflà% at prbt el hbradtbgk aiiadtbva hu plrtb3 ê sl subta% tgus

eas nlkkbs hânlrquærakt ak Lirbqua% aoprassâs ê radgkstbtuar

eaurs dgoouklutâs dgooa ê lssguvbr eaurs egkùas rlkdukas 4+

\ultra lks peus tlrh% s'lhrasslkt ê Zlroakblkus eub/oíoa%Gptît ha Obeav pab`klbt ak trlbts âkar`bquas ea ratgur has sad/

tlbras = « Ygtra iuraur ravbakt ak Lirbqua% prasqua lu ogoaktgò ea Hblnea sgrt ha sas prbsgks+ At vgus ka rgu`bssaz pls% vgusqub lvaz lvad e'Akkaob ea sguvakbr ha mgbas dgooukas , Ygusítas vakus peabks ha rlà% vgus ítas vakus brrbtâs% hâdfbrlkt

eas oaonras ha e'Aèbsa3 suntbes hlks el sâhudtbgk% aiirlylkts

hlks ea olssldra% prgvgqulkt ê el ùarra eas ibes ha el plbx+

Ygus lvaz dflssâ ha eaurs sbæàs naludgup h'âvíquas+ Lvad has

trgupas ha oardaklbras% vgus lvaz akvlfb eas nlsbebquas+ Nalu/dgup plrob eas vøtras% ak nbak has ebaux qu'be sarlbt trgp egk`ha kgooar% gkt ilbt Ŕuvra ha slk` hlks has olssldras sb ltrgdas%

qua eas `guvarkaurs ha da taops gkt hó akvgyar has rlppgrtssur ha taes igrilbts ³-+

Qk vakt ha igeba at ha sdfbsoa plssl sur e'Lirbqua+ Lutgurhas nlkkbs ha el vabeea% qu'aktgurlbt e'lurâgea h'uk haob/olr/tyra% gk vbt sa `rgupar kgk saueaoakt tgus eas bktrlksbàlkts

hu plrtb% daux qub k'lvlbakt mlolbs dlpbtueâ% olbs eas ibhæeas

h'lutraigbs% eas rleebâs hu taops ha bOldlrbus% at lussb tgus eas

oâdgktakts% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks at lutras lvakturbars+ Zlrtgut sa

radgkstbtuærakt eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas+ Eas ngursas

oíoas sa hâebærakt = kgus slvgks qu'ê Fbppgka% vars da taops/

<" Gptît% BB% <93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Dgk/ 40+

trl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <<% 20% >>83 Apbst+ 4b Gptît% F% <1/<23 BBB% 43 YB% 03 Lu/

24%8%<>=<:1%>%2+ ùsebk% Daktrl apbseuelo Zlroakblkb%

>" Gptît% <<% <93 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebt/ B% <>% <23 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB%

tarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64% <683 20% >>83 2>%>:4+Apbst+ <:1% >% 23 Dgh % Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 8" Gptît% BB% <0+






Guast ha Tâtbi + Eas pgrtas âtlkt iaroâas% eas ours sgebhas at

e'âèbsa nbak hâiakhua% eas Hgkltbstas ak ibrakt ea sbæà+ Ture'grhra ha eaurs dfais% eas peus eastas `rbopærakt sur eas tgbts

has nls/døtâs% ak lrrldfærakt eas tubeas% at s'ak sarvbrakt dgooaha prgmadtbeas+ Zlr eas guvarturas has iakítras ha el `rlkhakai% gk elpbhl eas Dltfgebquas râiu`bâs hlks el nlsbebqua+ Nalu/dgup ha ibhæeas iurakt `rbævaoakt neassâs 3 haux hbldras%Zrbousat Hgkltus% iurakt tuâs ak hâiakhlkt e'lutae <

+ El vbeea

ha Xbplsl% ak Olurâtlkba Dâslrbakka% iut akvlfba plr ukafgrha ha Kuobhas% qua hbrbàlbakt haux lutras âvíquas% Qrnl/kus ha Igrol at Iâebx h'Bhbdrl+ Lvad el dgopebdbtâ ha peusbaurs

igkdtbgkklbras% at oíoa ak prâsakda h'Ltfakbus% `guvarkaurha el prgvbkda >

% eas Hgkltbstas pgussærakt eas Dltfgebquas fgrsha e'âèbsa% neassærakt has fgooas% vbgeaktærakt has iaooas%tuærakt has akilkts+ Eas âvíquas ibrakt matar lux dfbaks e'au/

dflrbstba% at elkdærakt plr uka iakítra e'lopguea hu slbktDfríoa+ Das sldrbeæàs âpbsdgplux irlppærakt taeeaoakt eas

bol`bkltbgks% qu'lussbtøt klqubrakt has eâàkhas = eas dfbaks%havakus sunbtaoakt akrl`âs% lvlbakt hâdfbrâ eaurs olëtras3 el

olbk h'uk lkà lvlbt sgutaku e'lopguea% qub tgonl slks sanrbsar sur eas rgdfas 4

+

Xgus eas `guvarkaurs rgolbks ka rassaonelbakt pls ê e'Ltfa/kbus ha Dâslrbakka+ El peuplrt h'aktra aux s'âourakt ha dassdækas sluvlàs% at lhrassærakt has rlppgrts lu `guvarkaoaktdaktrle sur eas oâilbts has sdfbsoltbquas <

+ Olbs bes k'gsæraktgu ka purakt râprboar das hâsgrhras at das âoautas = ebâs slkshguta plr eas bkstrudtbgks ha e'aoparaur% qub k'lvlbt pls prâvutgutas eas dgksâquakdas ha sgk rasdrbt% bes lssbstlbakt bopubs/slkts lux olkbiastltbgks tuouetuausas at lux ilktlbsbas slk/ùbklbras ha el hâol`g`ba hgkltbsta+ Kue hguta qua naludguphas âvíquas hu plrtb lbakt hâslpprguvâ das vbgeakdas3 gk paute'liibroar pgur ea prbolt Zlroakblkus% qub dgopgslbt legrs sgk`rlkh guvrlà dgktra eas Dltfgebquas 4

% olbs qub k'âtlbt plsfgooa ê eas trlquar pgur eas dgkvlbkdra+ Dapakhlkt% eas dfaisraeltbvaoakt oghârâs ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua ka hâslvgulbaktpls kattaoakt eas drboas ha tguta sgrta dgoobs plr eaurs plr/

tbslks 3 at% ak ilbt% bes prgibtlbakt ha das drboas hlks eaur Ŕuvraha prgpl`lkha+ D'ast da qu'gk vbt nbak hlks ea dgkdbea hgkl/tbsta qub sa râukbt legrs ê Xfavasta+ Zrbogsus% e'âvíqua dltfg/ebqua ha Dlstaeeuo Eaoaeeaiaksa% lhrassl ê datta lssaoneâa uka

<" Gptlb% BB% <6+ 4" Gptît% F% <6/<2+>" « Ltfakbg prlasbha prlasakea duo sb/ 8" Bnbh+% Be% <0+

ùbs ³ &Gptît% BB% <6"+ 1" Bnbh+% B% 1/9+








neaoakt Fusunnbdlrb &lumgurh'fub Oars/ae/Flhmahma"% ê e'Ast haûsùkbla = be s'aktakhbt sadrætaoakt lvad e'âvíqua hgkltbsta%

qub dgksaktbt ê eub guvrbr eas pgrtas% sur el prgoassa qua sas

plrtbslks k'lurlbakt pls ê sguiirbr hu pbeelà-+ Hlks el râ`bgkha @lrtakkl% Ibrous lbhl sas leebâs ê sltbsilbra eaurs rlkdukas =

be parsâdutl druaeeaoakt eas ^g`ltbstas% qub lvlbakt râdaooaktrgopu lvad e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt at ha Zlroakblkus >

+ Eas Hgkl/tbstas iurakt sb nbak dgoprgobs hlks el râvgeta ha Ibrous%qu'gk eas surkgool Ibroblkb% eas « àks ha Ibrous ³ 4

+

Datta kguvaeea ravlkdfa has sdfbsoltbquas leelbt lttbrar sur

aux h'lutras dgups+ El hâilbta ha Ibrous eas obt ak iîdfausapgstura+ Ea dgota Xfâghgsa% pæra hu iutur aoparaur Xfâghgsa%iut dflr`â ha râprboar el râvgeta has Lirbdlbks+ Be plrtbt

h'Lreas% hânlrqul ê B`be`beb% raopgrtl vbdtgbra sur vbdtgbra%

pgursubvbt e'akkaob musqua hlks ea hâsart% nróelkt vbeelàs at

râdgetas% dfîtblkt eas trlëtras+ Ibrous sa râiu`bl lupræs h'B`/

olzak% rgb has Bslieaksas+ Ta vgylkt sur ea pgbkt h'ítra ebvrâ

lux ^golbks% be sa pakhbt+ Zlr eas sgbks ha sgk føta% ea dgrps

huranaeea iut fbssâ sur

uk dfloalu%at dgkhubt lu dlop hu

vlbkquaur 8

+

Eas leebâs hu vlbkdu plyærakt klturaeeaoakt eas irlbs ha el

dlopl`ka+ Zakhlkt eas lkkâas subvlktas% eas Hgkltbstas iurakttrlbtâs% sbkgk ak dgopebdas ha Ibrous% hu ogbks ak suspadts+

Zau ha taops lpræs el ibk ha el ùarra% ea >: iâvrbar 404% uk âhbt

ha Yleaktbkbak% lhrassâ lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Mueblkus%

bktarhbt igroaeeaoakt el prltbqua hu sadgkh nlptíoa% dfæralux Hgkltbstas% at grhgkkl ha hâpgsar tgut âvgqua qub lurlbt

dgktravaku ê datta prasdrbptbgk 1+ E'lvækaoakt ha @rltbak% ak

401% iut nbaktøt subvb ha oasuras peus rb`gurausas dgktra eas

akkaobs ha e'Aèbsa giibdbaeea+ Qka dgkstbtutbgk hu << lvrbe 409akmgb`kbt ha dgkibsquar tgus eas ebaux ha râukbgk has fârâtbquas%

at oaklàl ha dfîtboakts sâværas eas `guvarkaurs ha prgvbkdagu eas plrtbduebars qub tgeârarlbakt gu ildbebtarlbakt eas lssao/neâas beebdbtas+ @'ast paut/ítra pgur vabeear ê e'axâdutbgk hadatta grhgkklkda% qu'uk dgoobsslbra% kgooâ Kbtaktbus% iut

akvgyâ ak Lirbqua0

+ E'lkkâa subvlkta% Kbdgoldfus Ielvblkus%vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% raàut uk âhbt bopârble% hltâ hu <0 gdtgnra

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:+ 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% <+ ‘ Di+ Lu/

>" Luùstbk% Dgktrl apbseublo e'lroa/ ù)tbk% Apbst+ <:1% >% 'M+

olbk+ B% <:% <93 <<% <03 Dgkerl ebeearls 9" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% b+

Zaebeblkb% BB% 6+'M% <68+ 0" « Hstg huhuo lh Kbtakeburl prladaptg³

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:+ &Dgh+ Xfagh+% Pe% 9% >

8" Loobak Olrdaeebk% VVBV% 1% 1/19+








hgkkar has bkstrudtbgks lux âvíquas lirbdlbks = ea 9 mlkvbar 469%be

eaur âdrbvbt lu kgo hu dgkdbea pgur eaur radgoolkhar h'gn/sarvar el oíoa prltbqua ê e'â`lrh has Hgkltbstas dgkvartbs -+

Hapubs uk qulrt ha sbædea% hapubs sl râsurradtbgk lu taops haMuebak% at ak hâpbt ha tgus eas âhbts bopârblux qub e'lvlbaktoakldâa% e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua lirbdlbka k'lvlbt dassâ ha s'â/

takhra at ha `rlkhbr+ Zgurtlkt% uk hlkàr bktârbaur lpplrlbs/slbt at bkqubâtlbt sas dfais = kâa hu sdfbsoa% aeea âtlbt ê sgktgur obkâa plrea sdfbsoa+ Zlr uk prbvbeæà lssaz rlra% e'Aèbsaha Hgklt lvlbt egk`taops âdflppâa e'ldtbgk hbssgevlkta ha dattaegb prasqua iltlea qub dgkhloka ê e'âobattaoakt eas dgoou/kbgks hbssbhaktas+ Zakhlkt qulrlkta lks% el olbk vb`gurausaha Hgklt ea @rlkh lvlbt taku% râukbas ak ilbsdalu% tgutas eas

igrdas ha el sadta+ Ole`râ tguta sgk flnbeatâ% at ak rlbsgk paut/ítra ha sgk grb`bka âtrlk`æra% Zlroakblkus iut ogbks fauraux =

be lssbstl% bopubsslkt% ê uka hbsegdltbgk plrtbaeea ha sgk Aèbsa+Ea praobar sdfbsoa hgkt kgus aktakhbgks plrear ast daeub ha^g`ltus% âvgqua ha @lrtakkl ak Olurâtlkba >

+ Ea ^g`ltbsoa ka

dgoptl mlolbs naludgup h'lhfârakts3 olbs be sa olbktbktegk`taops hlks das râ`bgks+ Be râsbstl ê tgutas eas lttlquas hasZlroâkblkbstas% oíoa lux vbgeakdas ha eaur leebâ Ibrous ak40> 4

+ Be aut ê sgutakbr has prgdæs% vars 401% lu sumat has nlsb/ebquas 8

+ Kgus ka slvgks s'be `l`kl das prgdæs3 olbs be vbvlbtakdgra qulrlkta lks peus tlrh 1

+ E'axaopea âtlbt hgkkâ3 hâsgr/olbs% eas oâdgktakts gu eas bktrlksbàlkts k'fâsbtargkt peus êrgopra lvad e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt H'lutras sdfbsoas sgkt oak/tbgkkâs ê Dlrtflà% ak Kuobhba% ak Xrbpgebtlbka 1

+ Eas sadtasbssuas hu Hgkltbsoa sa ouetbpebærakt taeeaoakt qua% subvlkt Lu/ùstbk% gk k'ak pguvlbt hrassar el ebsta

<+ E'uk ha das sdfbsoas

aut uka bopgrtlkda plrtbduebæra at uk `rlkh rataktbssaoakt akLirbqua = daeub ha Xydgkbus+ D'âtlbt uk fgooa igrt hbstbkùâ%h'asprbt træs bkhâpakhlkt+ Yars 40:/401% be punebl haux guvrlàsdgksbhârlneas% gò be dgktastlbt peusbaurs has tfâgrbas hgkltbstasat hgkklbt sguvakt rlbsgk ê sas lhvarslbras dltfgebquas 6

+ Zgur

<" Tbrbda% Apbstuel lh irlf'as at dga/pbsdgpgs par Lirbdlbk% 6 &Olksb% Dgkdbe+%t+ BBB% p+ 9923 Iarrlkhus% Nravblebg dl/kgkuo% <08"

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:3 24% < sqq+ 3

'Dgktrl apbseutlo Zlroakblkb% <% <:/<<%<9/<03 Dgktrl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64%<683 Lh Dlefgebdgs apbstuel dgktrl Hg/klebsels% 4% 93 <8% 49+

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl apbseuelo Zlroa/kblkb% B% <:% <93 <<% <03 Dgktrl ebttarls

BY

Zatbeblkb% <<% 64% <68+8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 4/8% <</<>+

1" Luùstbk% Ha lkbol at amus grb`bka%

BBB% >+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 24+

9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 2%

<< 3 9:% 043 Apbst+ 24% 6% >8+

0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 6% >13 Dgktrlapbstueuo Zlroakblkb% BBB% 8% >83 Hanlptbsog% B% 9% 63 B"% <<% <9+

6" @akklhbus% Ha gbr+ O+% <63 Luùstbk%

Dgktrl apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <3 <<%



1: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

lrrítar ea sdlkhlea% Zlroakblkus% prbolt ha Dlrtflà% asslylvars 406% hlks uka Eattra ê Xydgkbus% ha râiutar at ha rloakarea tâoârlbra <

+ Olbs Xydgkbus raiusl ha dâhar3 vars 46:% be iut

dgkhlokâ sgeakkaeeaoakt plr uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta 1+ Axdeu ha

el `rlkha Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% be k'ak parsbstl pls ogbks hlksea sdfbsoa dgooa hlks sl hgdtrbka 3 olbs be ka saonea pls lvgbrigkhâ uka vârbtlnea sadta+ Fgooa h'âtuha lvlkt tgut% be s'gd/

dupl hâsgrolbs h'axâ`æsa+ Taegk tguta lpplrakda% be k'akeavlpls naludgup ha ibhæeas ê Zlroakblkus3 olbs% plr sl drbtbqua

has bhâas ha Hgklt% be bkgduel lu Hgkltbsoa ea vbrus hu hguta%qub havlbt peus tlrh hâtarobkar nbak has dgkvarsbgks+ Xydgkbuslvlbt hâogktrâ plr sgk axaopea qua el vârbtâ hgkltbsta k'âtlbt

pls ha kltura ê sltbsilbra uka paksâa bkhâpakhlkta+ Eas sdfbs/

oas ha ^g`ltus at h'lutras lvlbakt prguvâ qu'gk pguvlbt dfar/dfar ea sleut fgrs ha e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt+ Da sgkt lutlkt haprâdâhakts% qub ildbebtargkt% quaequas lkkâas peus tlrh% el prg/pl`lkha has Olxboblkbstas+

Ak lttakhlkt% eas âhbts bopârblux dgktbkulbakt ê peauvgbrsur eas fârâtbquas+ E'grtfghgxba dltfgebqua lvlbt olbktaklkt

uk dflopbgk hâdbhâ hlks e'aoparaur Xfâghgsa% qub% hæs sgklvækaoakt ak 402% aktrlëkl sas dgeeæùas ê uka vârbtlnea dlo/pl`ka dgktra e'fârâsba+ H'lkkâa ak lkkâa sa ouetbpebakt eas

dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas+ Ea 4 lgót 402 = prgsdrbptbgk ha tgutaseas fârâsbas% hâiaksa lux hbssbhakts ha prídfar eaur hgdtrbka%

ha ranlptbsar% at ha takbr has lssaoneâas 4+ Ea >0 iâvrbar 46: =

grhra êtgus eas sumats ha e'Aopbra ha prgiassar eligb dltfgebqua%oakldas dgktra eas râdledbtrlkts 8

+ Ea 4: mubeeat 46< = dgkibsdltbgkha tgutas eas âèbsas h'fârâtbquas% qub havrgkt ítra raobsas luxâvíquas dltfgebquas U Ea <2 mlkvbar 469 = dgkstbtutbgk Ha il/ogsc ebnaeebs

r'+ Ea >4 mlkvbar 469 = pabka dlpbtlea dgktra eas àks

qub trguneakt el plbx ha e'Aèbsa% at qub% plr eê% sa rakhakt dgu/

plneas h'uk vârbtlnea drboa ha eæsa/olmastâ U Ea <9 mubk 466 =

hâiaksa ha hbsdutar ak punebd sur el raeb`bgk% pabka ha ogrtdgktra eas dgktravaklkts s

+ Ea >9 kgvaonra 462 = bktarhbdtbgk

ha tgus eas dgkdbeblnuel h'fârâtbquas 2+ Ea <2 olb 42< = dgkibr/

oltbgk ha rahbt prâdâhakt e:+ Das hbvarsas dgkstbtutbgks lurgkt

>>% 8>3 BBB% 4% F3 Apbst+ 24% <:% 84 88 '+" Dgh+ Xcagdb+% UUe+ B+ >+

>82+ 1" Bnbh + UUe+ B% 4+

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <:% <4/813 Dgk/ 9" Bnbh+% BY 48% 2+

Brl apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <+ <" Bnbh+% VYB% 8% e+

>" Luùstbk% Dgktrl apbstuelo Zlkka/ 6" Bnbh+% UUe% b% >+

b% b% b+ 2" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% <2+

Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% n+ <:" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% >:+



LYLKX TLBKX LQ@QTXBK ge

pgur dgurgkkaoakt el dâeænra egb hu <1 mubk 42>% ogbks rb`gu/rausa ak lpplrakda% olbs peus aiibdlda at h'lppebdltbgk peus

ildbea = aeea irlpparl h'uka loakha ha hbx ebvras h'gr eas deardsfârâtbquas <

+

Be ast hbiibdbea ha hâtarobkar hlks quaeea oasura tgus dasâhbts vbslbakt gu lttab`klbakt eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ Akprbkdbpa% das dgkstbtutbgks âtlbakt lppebdlneas ê tgut e'Aopbra3olbs be y lvlbt egbk% surtgut ak da taops/eê% ha el tfâgrba ê el

râlebtâ+ Xgut hâpakhlbt has dbrdgkstlkdas% at has hbspgsbtbgksparsgkkaeeas has `guvarkaurs ha prgvbkdas+ H'lbeeaurs% eas e"g/

kltbstas k'âtlbakt pls% ê prgpraoakt plrear% has fârâtbquas3

d'âtlbakt sbopeaoakt has sdfbsoltbquas >+ D'ast peus tlrh sauea/

oakt qua eaur sdfbsoa iut eâ`leaoakt lssbobeâ lux fârâsbas'3lu taops gò kgus sgooas% el quastbgk âtlbt dgktrgvarsâa+ Be

y lvlbt hgkd uka âqubvgqua% qub elbsslbt lux `guvarkaurs uka`rlkha ebnartâ h'bktarprâtltbgk+ Ak ilbt% pakhlkt datta pârbgha%eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks saoneakt k'lvgbr pls âtâ naludgupbkqubâtâs+ Bes praklbakt oíoa e'giiaksbva = ak râpgksa lu dgk/dbea rgolbk ha 469 at lux dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas sur ea sadgkh

nlptíoa% has dlkgks ha dgkdbeas hgkltbstas rakguvaeærakt e'gr/

hra ha ranlptbsar tgut Dltfgebqua rleebâ ê e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt 8+

Zlr dgktra% eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks plrlbsslbakt legrs hâ/dgurl`âs+ Lpræs tlkt ha euttas slks râsuetlt% lpræs tlkt ha hâ/daptbgks% bes sa râsb`klbakt ê vgbr vbvra at `rlkhbr lutgur h'auxeas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas+ Qk dgkdbea sa râukbt ê Dlrtflàea <9 mubk 42: = luduk has dlkgks% luduka has prgpgsbtbgks ilbtas

plr eas grltaurs% k'y vbsa eas sdfbsoltbquas% hgkt tgus eas lssbs/

tlkts dgkklbsslbakt eas prg`ræs bkqubâtlkts% hgkt tgus lvlbaktpeus gu ogbks ê sa pelbkhra% olbs qu'bes rakgkàlbakt bopebdbta/oakt ê dgonlttra U Ea prâsbhakt ha da dgkdbea% @akatfebus%âvíqua ha Dlrtflà at dfai ha tguta e'Aèbsa lirbdlbka% âtlbt eub/

oíoa% kgus ea slvgks% uk fgooa h'uka oghârltbgk axao/pelbra% âvlk`âebqua3 h'uka oghârltbgk sb axtrlgrhbklbra at sb

âvbhakta% qua eas Hgkltbstas aux/oíoas eub gkt rakhu mustbda+

@akatfebus pgussl el ngktâ gu el dgkhasdakhlkda musqu'ê bktar/

vakbr lupræs has lutgrbtâs dbvbeas pgur aopídfar e'lppebdltbgk

e"Dgh+ Xfagh+%Uyb% T% ><+ ‘ Di+ Luùs/ hax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% :4 3 Luùstbk%

tbk% Dgktrl apbstu lo Zlroakblkb% B% <>% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB% 4/0% 8/23 BBB% 80%

<23 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 80% 1<3 1<3 Apbse+ 24% <<% 893 Ha flaras+% 92+

Apbst+ 66% 03 <61% 0% >g+ 8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >4% 4 at 1 3 88% 1%

>" Gptît% B% <: at <>3 Y% <3 Luùstbk% <>+

Apbst+ 84% <3 9<% </>= 60% 2+ 1" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 42: &Olksb%

4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% 8+ ‘ Di+ Dg/ Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 92< at 690"+





LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 14

L`btltbgk ak Lirbqua ê el kguvaeea ha el ogrt ha Ttbebdfgk+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlr/tflà ak 8:6+ ‘ Kguvaeeas egbs h'Fgkgrbus ‘ Ahbt ha tgeârlkda% nbaktøt lnrg`â+‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà ak 8<:+

‘ Dgkiârakda haDlrtflà

ak 8<<% aktra easâvæquas has haux Aèbsas+ ‘ Ahbt hu dgoobsslbra Olrdaeebkus dgktra ea Hgkl/tbsoa+ ‘ Egb h'Fgkgrbus% dgkibrolkt el dgkhlokltbgk ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqug+‘ Oasuras prbsas pgur râtlnebr e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ ‘ Eas dgoobsslbras bopâ/rblux+ ‘ Dgkdbea dltfgebqua ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Kgonrausas dgkvarsbgks+ ‘ Ybg/eakdas at prgdæs has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ ‘ Zrgdæs at dgkhlokltbgk ha Olrdaeebkus+‘ Kguvaeeas egbs h'Fgkgrbus+ ‘ Dgkdbeas dltfgebquas ha Dlrtflà ak 8<6 at 8<2+‘ Harkbæras euttas+ ‘ Dgkdbea hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Tdfbsoltbquas bktrlk/sbàlkts = Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% Aoarbtus ha Dlaslral% @luhaktbus ha Xfl/ou`lhb% Kaoasslkus h'Lel Obeblrbl+ ‘ Ea ^g`ltbsta Ybkdaktbus Ybdtgr+ ‘Hârguta hu Hgkltbsoa+

Hlks eas harkbæras lkkâas hu bv a sbædea% plr e'aiiat ha dlusasouetbpeas hgkt el prbkdbplea iut e'ldtbgk h'fgooas kguvaluxsur el pgebtbqua has haux plrtbs% uk ravbraoakt dgopeat sa prg/hubsbt hlks e'lttbtuha at el sbtultbgk raspadtbva has haux Âèbsaslirbdlbkas+ Dgoprgobs plr eas olelhrassas h'uk prbolt bkdl/plnea% liilbneb plr has hbssaksbgks bktârbauras at plr uk kgu/valu sdfbsoa lssaz `rlva% ea Hgkltbsoa iut râhubt ê el hâiak/sbva+ Lu dgktrlbra% e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% sgutakua plr eas

aoparaurs at plr eaurs raprâsaktlkts ak Lirbqua% prbt flrhb/oakt e'giiaksbva% sgus el hbradtbgk h'uk dfai flnbea% qua sadgk/hlbt gu bkspbrlbt uk fgooa supârbaur% at qub sut `rgupar lutgurha eub tgutas eas igrdas ha sgk plrtb+ Qka eutta râùebæra at

sarrâa s'ak`làl aktra eas haux Âèbsas 3pgursubvba prasqua

slks tríva pakhlkt vbk`t lks% aeea lngutbt ê el dgkhlokltbgkhâibkbtbva at ê el hârguta hu Hgkltbsoa+

Ak 42< gu 42>% el ogrt irlppl dgup sur dgup eas haux dfais has

hauxplrtbs% eas

haux âvíquas rbvlux ha Dlrtflà+ Ea hgux atpîea @akatfebus% sb peabk ha olksuâtuha pgur sas lhvarslbras%iut raopeldâ plr Luraebus ' = fgooa h'uk asprbt pgkhârâ% træs

oghârâ ak lpplrakda at hlks sgk elk`là% olbs delbrvgylkt%âkar`bqua at lhrgbt% lussb iaroa sur eas prbkdbpas qua dgkdbeblktpgur eas parsgkkas% dlplnea ha dgkdavgbr uka pgebtbqua sbopeaat katta% ha tgurkar eas gnstldeas% at ha pgursubvra slks ilbnebr

has hassabks ê egkùa âdfâlkda+ Zlr uka igrtuka sbkùebæra% da

dfai âobkakt has Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks aut pgur ebautaklkt% pgur

<" @akatfebus âtlbt akdgra âvíqua ha ítra hbldra ha e'Aèbsa ha Dlrtflà% at be

Dlrtflà ea <9 mubk 42: &Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ e'âtlbt akdgra hlks e'lutgoka ha 466% egrs

lkk+ 42:% Zrlailt+ at dlk+ <"+ << ogurut hu ratgur h'Luùstbk ak Lirbqua &Luùstbk%

pau lpræs% ak 42< gu 42>% ea mgur has Ha dbv+ Hab% VVBB% 6% 4"+ Hlks eas harkbars

kgkas ha olb &Cle+ Dlrtfl`+% kgk+ olb+ = ogbs ha 42>% be âtlbt âvíqua ha DlrtflàHapgsbtbg @akadeb apbsdgpb"+ Luraebus% qub e Luùstbk% Apbst+ >>% <"+ Ea 6 gdtgnrasuddâhl hbradtaoakt ê @akatfebus &Luùs/ 424% be prâsbhl ba dgkdbea h'Fbppgka+tbk% Apbst+ 88% 1% <>"% lvlbt dgooakdâ plr



O E Â@EBTA H:KLX<TXA

dgksabeear at pgur lob% uk fgooa axtrlgrhbklbra% qub l olrquâpgur tgumgurs ha sgk aoprabkta ea dfrbstblkbsoa eltbk% qub iut

kgk saueaoakt el peus fluta parsgkklebtâ ha sgk taops% e'ukhas igkhltaurs ha el tfâgeg`ba% uk râigroltaur ha el hbsdbpebka%

uk âdrbvlbk grb`bkle% olbs akdgra uk fgooa h'ldtbgk% uk dgk/hudtaur ha paupeas% uk raolrqulnea lhobkbstrltaur% uk pgeb/

tbqua træs lvbsâ% uk grltaur bkdgoplrlnea% uk oarvabeeauxpgeâobsta+ Yars ea taops gò Luraebus iut âeu âvíqua ha Dlr/tbelà% sgk lob Luùstbk% dâeænra hapubs peusbaurs lkkâas% iut

grhgkkâ prítra h'Fbppgka% at nbaktøt dflr`â% ak ilbt% ha el

hbradtbgk hu hbgdæsa = qulkh be havbkt âvíqua ha datta vbeea%

trgbs gu qultra lks peus tlrh% be âtlbt hâmê ea dgksabeear tgumgursâdgutâ h'Luraebus% at e'îoa ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka <

+ E'lpplrb/

tbgk at e'ldtbgk dgkdartâa ha das haux fgooas olrquakt ukaæra hlks e'fbstgbra ha el dgktrâa+

Ak oíoa taops% plr uka oleadflkda qub plrut prgvbhaktbaeea%

ea Hgkltbsoa âtlbt irlppâ ê el títa+ E'Âèbsa ha Hgklt havlbtsurtgut ê e'flnbeatâ ha sas dfais h'lvgbr taku ngk dgktra vakts at

olrâas+ 5br3P ê Hgklt ea @rlkh% aeea lvlbt pu s'gr`lkbsar%

`rlkhbr% at râsbstar lux parsâdutbgks+ Aktra eas olbks ha Zlr/oakblkus% aeea lvlbt pu sa radgkstbtuar lpræs eas tarrbneas

âprauvas hu taops ha Oldlrbus+ Ak 42<% aeea saonelbt akrldbkâaê mlolbs hlks ea sge lirbdlbk+ Zgur e'ânrlkear% pgur e'lnlttra% be

suiibt h'uka âeadtbgk olefaurausa% qub el ebvrl hâsaoplrâa ê

e'lrnbtrlbra h'uk dfai oâhbgdra% vbgeakt at ngrkâ+ Zlroakblkusogurut vars 42< = gk âeut ê sl pelda Zrboblkus-+ Ea kguvaluprbolt ka sut qua mguar lu tyrlk de sb < hrlpar hlks uka sgtta

bktrlksbàlkda+Ak

quaequasogbs% be

oâdgktaktl sb nbak eassbaks% qua el râvgeta âdeltl hlks Dlrtflà oíoa% at qua sgkÂèbsa iut dgupâa ak haux plr uk `rlkh sdfbsoa+ L el pgebtbqualhrgbta at iaroa h'lhvarslbras dgooa Luraebus at Luùstbk% be

ka sut gppgsar qua has prgtastltbgks hâdeloltgbras% has igr/

oueas vbhas% has hâdbsbgks bopruhaktas at dgktrlhbdtgbras% hasbkmuras% has dgups ha ngutgbr gu ea sbeakda+ Aktra eas fgooasqub leelbakt oakar eas haux lroâas ak prâsakda% el plrtba &Olbe

taeeaoakt bkâ`lea% qua ea hastbk has haux Âèbsas saonelbt olr/

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% 1/<:3 kâa 8:: {Dgkerl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb%Luùstbk% Apbst+ ></4>3 âtrldt% B% <4/ <%<%<3 8% 2= be+ =}% 0= 0% b+'b = >>%'[';

= Zrgspar Xbrg% Apbegol Dfrgkbdgk% H'lutra plrt% eas lttlquas dgktra Zrboblkus+ ‘ Di Xbeeaogkt% dgooakdakt hæs P/>% prasqua lussbtøt

Oâogbras sur Yfbstgbra addeâsblstbqua% lpræs sgk âeade &Luùstbk% Taro+ Be bke+ YB% p+ <68 = B+ Obe% p+ 291 rb 5M01+ Zsleo 49% <2/>:3 Apbst+ <4% 2%>9 3 Dgk

b Zlroakblkus âtlbe ogre hapubs egk`/ Brl Drasdgkbuo% eU% tb+ 0"+

taops% qulkh Luùstbk ea râiutlb" vars e'uk/










ha Hgklt ea @rlkh+ L oasura qu'gk s'âdlrtlbt ha e'âvíqua% eas

oâdgktakts sa `rguplbakt lutgur hu hbldra% qub havaklbt ea

dfai h'uk plrtb h'gppgsbtbgk+ Zrboblkus vgueut ak ibkbr3 kblbs%

ak ilbt ha hbpegoltba at ha rlbsgkkaoakt% be ka dgkklbsslbt quae'lkltfæoa at eas dgups+ Be elkàl hgkd uka saktakda h'axdgoou/kbdltbgk dgktra Olxboblkus at trgbs lutras hbldras <

Ea prbolt hut ítra surprbs ha e'aiiat prghubt plr datta axdgo/oukbdltbgk% qub axdbtl uka bkhb`kltbgk prasqua `âkârlea+ Kgksaueaoakt ea punebd lvlbt pabka ê lhoattra da prgdâhâ ha hbs/

dussbgk% olbs akdgra gk s'brrbtlbt h'lpprakhra qua ea muà k'l/

vlbt gnsarvâ luduka has igroas prasdrbtas plr eas ræèa/

oakts addeâsblstbquas = eas hbldras lvlbakt âtâ dgkhlokâs akeaur lnsakda% slks ítra dbtâs ê dgoplrlëtra% slks pguvgbr sa mus/

tbibar% at Olxboblkus eub/oíoa âtlbt legrs olelha% deguâ sur ukebt ha hgueaur >

+ Eas deards k'gsærakt pls hâiakhra guvartaoakteas vbdtboas = eas uks oâklàlbakt ea prbolt% eas lutras drlb/

`klbakt h'lttbrar sur eaur títa eas iguhras ha e'âvíqua+ Eas elçquas

iurakt peus nlrhbs = ea dgksabe has sakbgrax% dgopgsâ has kgtlneas

ha el dgoouklutâ% âdrbvbt ê Zrboblkus pgur prgtastar âkar`b/

quaoakt dgktra e'axdgooukbdltbgk has hbldras% at lussb dgktrae'bkhueàkda bkaxpebdlnea qua ogktrlbt ea prbolt akvars dar/

tlbks pâdfaurs% oíoa akvars ha irlkds sdfbsoltbquas dgooaeas Deluhblkbstas 4

+ E'âvíqua ka tbkt luduk dgopta ha datta prg/tastltbgk+ Ea plrtb ha Olxboblkus prgibtl ha datta kguvaeeaolelhrassa = lux gppgslkts h'lutraigbs sa mgb`kbrakt eas àksha ngkka igb qu'bkhb`klbt e'lttbtuha ha Zrboblkus+ eua rbdfa

hâvgta% hgkt kgus b`kgrgks ea kgo% mgul hæs egrs% hlks eas

grb`bkas hu Olxboblkbsoa% ea oíoa røea qua Eudbeel mlhbs

hlks eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa = aeea iut e'lkà `lrhbak ha

Olxboblkus% e'îoa ha sl pgebtbqua% el dfîtaelbka at el trâsgrbæra

ha sgk plrtb+ Aeea ldfavl slks hguta ha eub `l`kar eas kgtlneas '+

Ygylkt qua el prgtastltbgk rastlbt slks aiiat% ea dgksabe has

sakbgras sa hâdelrl kattaoakt dgktra Zrboblkus = be lhrassl ukaeattra dbrduelbra ê tgus eas âvíquas hgkltbstas h'Lirbqua% pgurhaolkhar uka akquíta sur el dgkhubta hu prbolb ha Dlrtflà

\ulrlkta trgbs âvíquas% el peuplrt ha Nyzldæka% râpgkhbraktê dat lppae+ Bes sa rakhbrakt ê Dlrtflà pgur y takbr dgkdbea%

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 2% >93 Tarog BB 49%>:"+% Zsleo+ 49% ",t/>:+ 4" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+

>" bb Bk Olxboblkuo hbldgkuo% vbruo% 8" Apbse+ 84% 2% >9 3 Tarog << bk Zsleo+sbdut gokbnus kgtuo ast% bkkgdaktakt% bka 49% <2+

dlusl% sbka bddusltgra% sbka tasta% lnsaktarl Tarog BB o Zsleo+ 49% >:+

ldeadtg dunlktao+++ •• &Tarog BB bk Zsleo+






Gk havbka lvad quaes saktboakts eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks ls/

sbstlbakt lux pârbpâtbas ha da hrloa âtrlkà+ Bes y vgylbakt el

olbk ha Hbau+Bes

ka pguvlbakt axpebquar qua plr uka bktarvak/tbgk hbvbka da spadtldea boprâvu% qub âvgqulbt pgur aux haegbktlbks sguvakbrs at saonelbt hârguear sgus eaurs yaux% ukasadgkha igbs% eas tlnealux suddassbis h'uka fbstgbra vbabeea h'uksbædea = el àkæsa oíoa hu Hgkltbsoa+ Eas lkleg`bas âtlbaktsurpraklktas% at gkt naludgup irlppâ Luùstbk = dgooa ea Hg/kltbsoa% ea Olxboblkbsoa klbsslbt h'uka quaraeea ha parsgkkas 3

ea dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl mgulbt ea oíoa røea qua mlhbs ea dgk/dbea has hbssbhakts ha 4<>3 Zrboblkus sa vgylbt trlbtâ dgooae'lvlbt âtâ Dladbeblkus 3 Olxboblkus âtlbt uk lutra Hgklt% at

trguvlbt uk lppub hlks uka lutra Eudbeel+ Tlks hguta% uk spad/tltaur kgk prâvaku lurlbt hbstbkùâ has hbiiârakdas3 olbs gkka vgueut vgbr legrs qua eas lkleg`bas% at datta rââhbtbgk h'ukvbaux hrloa plrut prgvbhaktbaeea+ Ea Olxboblkbsoa rlppaelbttrlbt pgur trlbt ea Hgkltbsoa klbsslkt = ea sdfbsoa âtlbt ea dfîtb/

oakt hu sdfbsoa Hbau e'lvlbt vgueu '+

Datta drgylkda ê uka bktarvaktbgk hbvbka rakhbt dgkiblkda lux

Dltfgebquas% qub mustaoakt legrs prbrakt e'giiaksbva+ Xrgbs ogbslpræs ea dgkdbea olxboblkbsta ha Dlnlrsussl% qub lvlbt prgkgkdâel hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrboblkus% uk `rlkh dgkdbea dltfgebqua sa

râukbt ê Fbppgka% el vbeea h'Luùstbk% sgus el prâsbhakdah'Luraebus ha Dlrtflà% ea 6 gdtgnra 424+ Da dgkdbea h'Fbppgkatbakt uka pelda dgksbhârlnea hlks e'fbstgbra raeb`bausa hu taops3dlr be dgooakàl el râgr`lkbsltbgk ha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% hâdbhlha kgonrausas râigroas% at ak prâplrl h'lutras+ Haux dlkgksvgtas plr datta lssaoneâa vbsakt hbradtaoakt ea Hgkltbsoa3 at%

trlbt sb`kbibdltbi% tgus haux gkt pgur gnmat ha ildbebtar el

prgpl`lkha dltfgebqua% el dgkvarsbgk has sdfbsoltbquas+ Gkhâdbhl ha dgksarvar eaur hb`kbtâ lux deards hgkltbstas rleebâs

qub k'lurlbakt pls ranlptbsâ gu qub lurlbakt rloakâ ê e'Âèbsa

eaurs ibhæeas+ Gk hâdbhl â`leaoakt qua eas dgkvartbs nlptbsas

hlks eaur akilkda plr eas hbssbhakts pgurrlbake ítra grhgkkâsdeards >

+ D'âtlbt uka hârg`ltbgk ê e'uslà grhbklbra ha e'Aèbsa%

kgtlooakt ê e'uslà rgolbk3 olbs eas sgeutbgks lhgptâasâtlbake dgkigroas ê ha vbabeeas trlhbtbgks lirbdlbkas 4

% at aeeas

tâogb`klbake h'uka flnbea pgebtbqua% râsgeua lux dgkdassbgkseâ`btboas pgur fîtar eas dgo arsbgks hâsbrâas+ Luùstbk% akdgra

B 4% 93 eus% >% kgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ k+9= <:6% 8% <43 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% 4" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd+% dlk+

gktrl ' rasdgkbuo% BY% b% B+ 963 Luùstbk% Apbs t+ <61% <:% <0+

>" Dgkdbe+ Fbppgk+% dlk+ 40 3 Dghax dl/



LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 9<

sbopea prítra% aut e'fgkkaur ha prídfar havlkt eas âvíquasrâukbs ê Fbppgka '3 s'be k'aut pls vgbx hâebnârltbva lu dgkdbea%

be ak subvbt ha præs eas trlvlux at prgnlneaoakt ak bkspbrlpeusbaurs hâdbsbgks+ D'ast ê da ogoakt qu'be dgooakàl sldlopl`ka dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Lu eakhaolbk has sâlkdas huDgkdbea% be dgopgsl sgk dâeænra Zsluoa dgktra ea plrtb haHgklt% hastbkâ ê ítra dflktâ hlks e'âèbsa pgur e'bkstrudtbgk hasibhæeas

>+ Lu taops ha sl prítrbsa lpplrtbakkakt akdgra sl

râiutltbgk ha e'guvrlà ha Hgklt Tur ea nlptíoa 4% sl eattra ê

e'âvíqua hgkltbsta ha Tbkbtuo qub lvlbt ranlptbsâ uk hbldra

dltfgebqua U at h'lssaz kgonraux sarogks dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa.+Be âtlbt prítra akdgra% qulkh be hâpgsl uka pelbkta dgktra eas

Dbrdgkdaeebgks qub lvlbakt slddl`â uka nlsbebqua 1+ Da k'âtlbakt

eê qua has hânuts% olbs has hânuts bkqubâtlkts pgur sas lhvar/slbras+ Gk ka paut hbra sb d'ast Luùstbk qub bkspbrleas hauxdlkgks hu Dgkdbea h'Fbppgka raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa% gu sb d'ast

ea Dgkdbea qub eub su``ârl e'bhâa ha dgonlttra ea sdfbsoa+ Olbsel dgçkdbhakda ast sb`kbibdltbva = aeea lttasta% ê el igbs dfazLuùstbk at dfaz eas âvíquas dltfgebquas% el râsgeutbgk hatrlvlbeear plr tgus eas ogyaks lu râtlnebssaoakt ha el plbxraeb`bausa at ha e'ukbtâ+

Zrboblkbstas at Olxboblkbstas y trlvlbeelbakt ha eaur døtâ%

olbs ê eaurs hâpaks+ Ole`râ el saktakda hu dgkdbea ha Dlnlr/sussl% el `rlkha olmgrbtâ has Hgkltbstas rastlbakt ibhæeas ê

Zrboblkus = ak hâpbt ha eaurs hâdaptbgks at ha eaurs `rbais% bes

k'lvlbakt pu sa râsguhra ê lnlkhgkkar eaur prbolt+ Lpræs eas

surprbsas at e'bkartba hu hânut% eas Zrboblkbstas lvlbakt raprbs

dgkiblkda+ Xrgbs dakt hbx âvíquas râpgkhbrakt ê e'lppae haZrboblkus% at sa rakdgktrærakt lu dgkdbea ha Nl`lç% ea >8 lvrbe

428+ Tgus el prâsbhakda ha Zrboblkus eub/oíoa% bes râvbsærakt

ê eaur tgur sgk prgdæs% eub hgkkærakt `lbk ha dlusa% axdgo/oukbærakt Olxboblkus at eas hguza âvíquas qub e'lvlbakt

grhgkkâ% oakldærakt hu oíoa dfîtboakt eas lutras Olxbobl/kbstas qub k'lurlbakt pls ilbt loakha fgkgrlnea hlks ukhâelb ibxâ

0+ Eas Olxboblkbstas ka s'bkdebkærakt pls peus havlkt

el saktakda ha Nl`lç% qua eas Zrboblkbstas havlkt el saktakdaha Dlnlrsussl3 at ea sdfbsoa havbkt hâibkbtbi + Eas Zrboblkbstas%

<" Luùstbk% âtrldt+% <% <9+ 0" Dgktrl Apbstutlo Zlroakblkb% BB%

>" Bnbh+% B% <2+ 4%03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ 14% 123

4" Bnbh+% B% >:+ 18% 9: 3 19% 9> 3 BY% 4<% 4T 3 4>% 42 3 40%

8" Apbst+ >4+ 88 3 46% 81 3 42% 89 3 8:% 80 3 @astl duo1 3 Tarog >1> 3 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <:3 Akvrbtg% 2/<< 3 Apbst+ 1<% > 3 14% 4% 9 3

41% 2 3 18 3 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% 6+ <:6% < 3 <8<% 93 <61% 8% <0+

9" Luùstbk% Aput+ >2% <>+





LEB XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK F4

`râ gu ha igrda% ranlptbslbakt has Dltfgebquas% oíoa hasdeards3 Luùstbk hut lhrassar has pelbktas at haolkhar has

akquítas <+ Ak 421% has Dbrdgkdaeebgks obrakt ê sld el nlsbebqua

h'Flskl3 da qub hgkkl ebau ê uk prgdæs >+ Yars 420% has âvíquas

sdfbsoltbquas axdbtlbakt punebquaoakt el iguea ê tuar ea kguvaeâvíqua h'Fbppgka3 at gk eub takhlbt has aonusdlhas 4

+ Hasnlkhas ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks taklbakt el dlopl`ka+ âkgkàlkt êeaurs nîtgks trlhbtbgkkaes% ak hâpbt ha eaurs sdrupueas âvlk`â/ebquas% pgur lhgptar ha vrlbas lroas ha dgonlt% das pbaux nrb/

`lkhs lttlqulbakt eas vbeelàs at eas iaroas% s'ak praklkt sur/

tgut lux deards dltfgebquas qu'bes irlpplbakt slks oardb atsguoattlbakt plrigbs ê ha tarrbneas suppebdas 8

+ Das lttaktlts at

das nltlbeeas aktra eas haux plrtbs gkt elbssâ eaur trlda musquahlks e'âpb`rlpfba hu taops+ Gk vbakt ha hâdguvrbr% præs haXblrat% e'âpbtlpfa ha olrtyrs qub iurakt tuâs ak e'lkkâa 8::%prgnlneaoakt hlks uka nl`lrra ha da àkra.+ Hu oíoa taopshlta e'âpbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr% paut/ítra hgkltbsta% qub suddgonlea <0 saptaonra ê Kgvlr &lumgurh'fub Tbeeæùa" + D'ast legrslussb qu'Luùstbk dgopgsl e'âpbtlpfa hu hbldra Klngr% ukHgkltbsta dgkvartb% vbdtboa ha el vakàlkda has sdfbsoltbquas 0

+

Da qub luòaktlbt ea hâsgrhra at e'luhlda has sadtlbras%

d'âtlbt el sbtultbgk trguneâa hu plys% qub% ha kguvalu% iut ebvrâ

ê e'lklrdfba h'uka rahgutlnea bksurradtbgk+ Dgooa lu taopsha Ibrous% eas Hgkltbstas trguværakt uk leebâ hlks uk `rlkh/dfai bkhb`æka% râvgetâ dgktra ^goa+ @behgk% eub lussb% âtlbt ibes

ha Kunae+ Mlhbs% be lvlbt dgonlttu sgk iræra Ibrous hlks eas

rlk`s ha e'lroâa rgolbka% at lvlbt legrs rakhu ha `rlkhs sar/

vbdas lu dgota Xfâghgsa+ Yars 460% be iut kgooâ dgotah'Lirbqua% at dflr`â hu dgoolkhaoakt ha tgutas eas trgupash'gddupltbgk+ Hæs egrs% be olkŔuvrl pgur sa tlbeear hkks el

dgktrâa uka prbkdbplutâ bkhâpakhlkta+ \ulkh be lpprbt ak 42>e'usurpltbgk h'Auàkbus ê ^goa% be aut uka lttbtuha âqub/

vgqua% liiadtlkt el kautrlebtâ% s'lrrlkàlkt pgur ka plsakvgyar eas sadgurs lttakhus plr e'aoparaur Xfâghgsa+ Lpræsel ogrt ha Xfâghgsa lu hânut ha 421% be axpegbtl el rbvlebtâ qub

ç"Apbst+ 48/41 3 Zgssbhbus% Ybel Luùs/ Apbstuelo e'lroakblkb% B% <<% <0/<6 3

Qkb% 6+ Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% B% >8% >9 3 BB%

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >2% <>+ 91% <89 3 68% <69 3 66% <21 3 29% >>> = Dgk/4" Zgssbhbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% <: 53t <4 3 Brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 8>% 89 3 81% 82+

Luùstbk% Apbst+ 41% 83 Ækdfbrbhbgk%1% <0+ 1" @saee% Nuee% lrd f+ hu Dgobtâ has8" Zgssbhbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% << 3 Lu/ trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:6% p+ ddr+

ùstbk% Zsleous dgktrl plrtao Hgkleb% 9" D+ + %+% YBBB% <:24> 3 >:86Q+683 <40/<8>3 <18<113 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 0" Ha ^gssb% eksdrbpt+ dfrbst+% i+ BB%

18% >93 <4>% ø3 Apbst+ >4% 9/03 >2% <>3 p+ 89<+41%>3 <:6% 1% <83 <61% 8% <13 Dgktrl






Kuobhbab

eas sdfbsoltbquas s'lttakhlbakt ê uka kguvaeea parsâ/dutbgk% dfîtboakt ha eaur râvgeta gu ha eaurs vbgeakdas '+ Be k'y

aut pls% saonea/t/be% ha parsâdutbgk prgpraoakt hbta 3 olbs be

k'ast pls hgutaux qua naludgup ha Hgkltbstas lbakt âtâ lttabkts

plr eas dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas hbrb`âas dgktra eas dgopebdasha @behgk+

Has âvíquas oíoas lvlbakt ilbt dlopl`ka lvad ea ranaeea+

Ea fârgs ha datta bksurradtbgk âpbsdgpleaiutea dâeænra Gptltus%âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua ha Xflou`lhb+ Yrlb nlrnlra obtra% slksoasura kb sdrupuea% tgut ê sas plssbgks sluvlàs = tyrlk bopb/

tgylnea% druae at ilrgudfa% olbs h'uka âkar`ba bkhgoptlnea%dgkhudtaur h'fgooas% dfai râsgeu% havlkt qub tgus traonelbakt+Gptltus iut ea dgksabeear ha @behgk% sgk îoa hlokâa% at sguvakte'axâdutaur ha sas flutas Ŕuvras = gk e'lvlbt surkgooâ ea @be/

hgkbak% @behgkblkus+ Be lppael ê eub eas Hgkltbstas oâdgktakts%radrutl has nlkhas ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks% qu'lppuylbakt paut/ítrahas trgupas râùebæras+ Zakhlkt hbx lks% be iut el tarraur ha el

Kuobhba+ Be plrdgurlbt ea plys ak tgut saks% pbeelkt eas ngur`s%rlkàgkklkt eas vbeeas% ranlptbslkt% bktarvaklkt oíoa hlks eas

liilbras has plrtbduebars% râèlkt has dgktrlts at grhgkklkt hasolrblàs% bopgslkt ê tgus sas vgegktâs at sas dlprbdas >

+ H'lbe/

eaurs% fgooa ha trlhbtbgk% grtfghgxa ê sl ilàgk% ibhæea lu plrtb

has Zrboblkbstas% at prít ê ea hâiakhra plr eas oakldas gu plre'âpâa = be pgussl uka pgbkta ak Zrgdgksuelbra% at y râtlnebt el

plbx% ak igràlkt peusbaurs âvíquas olxboblkbstas ê sa râdgk/dbebar lvad Zrboblkus 4

+ Be oâklàl akdgra ogbks eas Dltfg/ebquas% qu'be parsâdutl slks tríva% at qub sa sguvbkrakt egk`taops

ha eub+ Lpræs el hâilbta ha @behgk% sgk olëtra at sgk « hbau ³%be iut lrrítâ at ogurut ak prbsgk U Tl ogrt iut uka hâebvrlkda%oíoa pgur sas lobs = gk ibt ha eub uk olrtyr% olbs gk e'lbolbtobaux slbkt qua vbvlkt+ Taues% quaequas âvíquas dltfgebquaslvlbakt asslyâ ha eub râsbstar = vars 42+Ç% bes eub lvlbakt bktaktâuk prgdæs havlkt ea vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Tarlkus 4

+

\uaequas ogbs lvlkt el ogrt h'Gptltus% at `rîda ê sgk bktar/

vaktbgk% el eutta has haux Aèbsas hgkltbstas s'âtlbt tarobkâaplr el vbdtgbra hâibkbtbva has Zrboblkbstas+ Eas plrtbslks haZrboblkus âtlbakt rastâs olëtras ak Kuobhba% gò bes âtlnebrakteaur daktra h'ldtbgk+ Yars 429/420% bes y tbkrakt suddassbvaoakt

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 88% 1% be+ ebeblkb% <<% 64% <683 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%>" Apbst+ 84% 6% >8 3 Dgktrl ebetarls BBB% 9:% 99 3 @astl duo Aoarbeg% 2+

Zatbebukb% <% >8% >93 BB% >4% 14/11 3 >6% 8" Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>%

91 3 44% 06 3 40% 66 3 42% 28 3 1>% <>:3 >:2+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 09% 4+

<:4% >40+ 1" Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <<% 64% <68+

4" Apbst+ 14% 4% 9 3 Dgktrl ebtearls Za/

BY 1



99 e'âèbsa hgkltbsXa

haux dgkdbeas% ê Dgkstlktbka at ê Obeav <

+ Hlks das Maux lssao/neâas% bes aurakt slks hguta ê akra`bstrar eas praobæras dlpbtu/

eltbgks at ê râèar ea sgrt ha eaurs sdfbsoltbquas+ Ak 420% dâhlktlux bopârbaux dgksabes h'Gptltus at ê el paur has dgups% peu/

sbaurs âvíquas olxboblkbstas ha Zrgdgksuelbra% kgtlooaktIaebdblkus ha Oustb at Zrlataxtltus h' Lssurls% haolkhærakt el

plbx ê Zrboblkus at raktrærakt ak `rîda lupræs ha eub s+ Ole`râ

• eas lkltfæoas hu dgkdbea ha Nl`lç% gk dgksarvl lux rleebâs eaur

tbtra at eaur hb`kbtâ = Zrlataxtltus iut âvíqua prboblkbsta h'Ls/surls musqu'ê sl ogrt% vars bGG' 3 Iaebdblkus âtlbt akdgra âvíquaha Oustb ak 8<<-+ Gk hâdelrl vlelneas eas nlptíoas dgkiârâs

plr aux pakhlkt tguta el hurâa ha eaur sdfbsoa = datta dgkdas/sbgk% hbdtâa plr e'bktârít pgebtbqua% olbs dgktrlbra lux prbkdbpasha Hgklt% parobt hâsgrolbs lux Dltfgebquas h'gppgsar uk lrù/oakt brrâiutlnea% uk lrùoakt ha ilbt% ê el tfæsa bktrlksbàlktahas Hgklt bstas qub dgktastlbakt el vlebhbtâ hu nlptíoa dgkiârâfgrs ha eaur Aèbsa '+ E'ukbtâ hgkltbsta uka igbs râtlneba hlksdas râ`bgks% el flbka has sadtlbras sa ratgurkl dgktra eas lhvar/slbras trlhbtbgkkaes = ea suddassaur ha Zrlataxtltus l Lssurls%

uk dartlbk ^g`ltus% s'âtlkt rleebâ ê e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% ukanlkha ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks ea surprbt% eub dgupl el elkùa at ukaolbk 9

+

Dapakhlkt% quaequas âvíquas olxboblkbstas s'gnstbkærakt

hlks eaur sdfbsoa+ Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl% ole`râ el saktakdahu prgdgksue% raiusl ha rakhra sl nlsbebqua+ Hlks sl râsbstlkda%

be iut sgutaku plr sas ibhæeas+ Olbs% ak 420% eas flnbtlkts ha el

vbeea vgbsbka h'Lnbtbkl sa dflr`ærakt h'axâdutar el saktakda+Bes plrtbrakt ak olssa pgur Oaonrassl% s'aoplrærakt ha el nlsb/

ebqua% slbsbrakt Tlevbus% e'lddlneærakt h'gutrlàs = bes leeærakt

musqu'ê eub lttldfar lu dgu has dfbaks ogrts at ê e'aktrlëkar

hlks has rgkhas akhblneâas lvad sgk dgeebar oldlnra 0+ Ea

sdfbsoa k'ak dgktbkul pls ogbks sas gnsduras hastbkâas+ Be ylvlbt akdgra has Olxboblkbstas ak b:1% at Olxboblkus eub/

oíoa survbvlbt 6+ Das aktítâs sa ègrbiblbakt has parsâdutbgks

sunbas% at ak tbrlbakt lrùoakt pgur hâogktrar qu'bes raprâ/

<" Apbst+==8

/ s/

-" Dgeelb+ DlFfl`+% B% <><+ ‘Di+ Yu/

>" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% ùstbk% Apbse+ '+:6%8+ <4+

8% '+" = BB% +'bm < + Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 1<% 83 14% 4% 93<1% <63 >8% >03 9:% 99 3 BY% 1<%9< 3 Apbst+ <:6%> T <61% 8% <0 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%1< B% 4% •/ = 0:% B = <:6% >% +++ BBB% <1% <s 3 9:% 99 = BY% <%<+ @asel duo

'+b" 5; Ãdda kgk egkà ogrtuus Zrlataxel/ Aoarbeg% 2 3 Ha Flarasbnus% 92+

eus+ ' btrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% 9" @asel duo Aoarbtg% 2+

BBB% 9% >2"+ ‘ Di Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbstuel 0" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb%dgktrl Hgkltbbels% <6% 893 Apbse+ eus% |F% 9% >2 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY%82% 12+

>% 1+ 6" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 89% 11+



LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK &<0

saktlbakt el vârbtlnea Aèbsa+ Zeus tlrh% ak 8<<% has âvgquasolxboblkbstas haolkhærakt eaur lhobssbgk ê el Dgkiârakda haDlrtflà <

+ Bes sa ilbslbakt slks hguta pau h'beeusbgks sur e'bssua

ha el Dgkiârakda% at oíoa sur e'aiiat ha eaur raquíta3 olbse'Aèbsa olxboblkbsta sa saktlbt sb præs ha sl ibk% qu'aeea taklbtê hgkkar sb`ka ha vba+

Lpræs el hârguta hu Olxboblkbsoa% e'Aèbsa ha Zrboblkus%liilbneba akdgra plr quaequas sdfbsoas sadgkhlbras% olbs pgur/tlkt radgkstbtuâa ak `rlkha plrtba at prasqua lussb pubsslktaqu'lux taops ha Zlroakblkus gu ha Hgklt% sa ratrguvl ilda ê

ilda lvad e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua+ El eutta radgooakàl% peus îpraat peus sarrâa+ L da ogoakt lpplrlbssakt hlks ea dlop hgkl/tbsea% ha rahgutlneas pgeâobstas gu ha vb`guraux grltaurs%

dgooa Aoarbtus ha Dlaslral% dgooa Drasdgkbus% at surtgutZatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% uk lhvarslbra prasqua hb`ka h'Lu/ùstbk+ E'Aèbsa ha Hgklt pguvlbt dgoptar akdgra sur el igb

taklda% ea hâvguaoakt lvauèa at e'âkar`ba ilrgudfa ha el peu/

plrt ha sas ibhæeas% qub plrigbs ka raduelbakt pls havlkt ea

drboa pgur hâiakhra el dlusa+ At dapakhlkt% ole`râ ea kgonraat ea ilkltbsoa ha sas lhaptas% ole`râ el vbùaur ha sas pgeâ/

obstas% ea Hgkltbsoa dgktbkul ha raduear pau ê pau = tlkt el

pgebtbqua hu plrtb iut olelhrgbta at bkdgfârakta% plr e'brrâoâ/

hblnea oâhbgdrbtâ hu prbolt ha Dlrtflà+ Eas Dltfgebquas`l`kærakt klturaeeaoakt ea tarrlbk qua parhlbakt eaurs lhvar/

slbras+

Zakhlkt eas praobæras lkkâas% musqu'ak 8:8% eas âvæquasdltfgebquas aspârærakt akdgra lrrbvar ê eaurs ibks plr el sauea

igrda h'uka prgpl`lkha pldbibqua% ha el ebnra hbsdussbgk at ha el

parsulsbgk+ Lu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà hu >6 lgót 420% bes sa dgk/

taktærakt h'lpprguvar gu ha raoattra ak vbùaur eas ræèas ha

hbsdbpebka lktârbauraoakt ibxâas = bktarhbdtbgk hu sadgkhnlptíoa% hâiaksa h'grhgkkar ha kguvalu eas deards dgkvartbs3

dgkibroltbgk has haux dlkgks h'Fbppgkd qub lvlbakt pgur gnmat

ha ildbebtar eas dgkvarsbgks.+ Hlks eas lkkâas subvlktas% eas

Dltfgebquas oakærakt uka ldtbva prgpl`lkha% plr eas ogyaks

eas peus hbvars = prâhbdltbgk% eattras% pgeâobqua% dgkdassbgksgppgrtukas+ Bes surakt plrear ê e'êoa has igueas% qub ak olbktakhrgbt eaur ravaklbt% ùbhâa oíoa plr has vbsbgks = « Daeub/

db% kgus hbt/gk% hlks uk sgkà plr uka vbsbgk% daeub/eê hlks

uka axtlsa plr uka vgbx% l âtâ lvartb sgbi ha ka pls leear hlks

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <:+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ at 863 Dghar dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+

ùstbk% Dgktrl Mueblkuo% <<<% <% 1+ 80/86+

>" Dgkdbe+ Dlreflrm+ lkk+ 420% dlk+ 46



N6 E A@EBTA QGKLXBTXA

ea plrtb ha Hgklt% sgbt ha qubttar ea plrtb ha Hgklt ³'+ El prg/

`lbbha% ak da plys ha eltbiukhbl% âtlbt sadgkhâa træs aiibdlda/

oakt plr ha `rlkhs prgprbâtlbras qub trlvlbeelbakt aux/oíoasê el dgkvarsbgk ha eaurs dgegks at lu râtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ

raeb`bausa hlks eaurs hgolbkas ha Kuobhba-+ Eas lhrgbtas dgk/ibgks has Dltfgebquas% qub `âkârleaoakt elbsslbakt eaur

hb`kbtâ lux deards dgkvartbs% dgktrbnuærakt ê rloakar has

prítras gu has hbldras safbsoltbquas% musqu'ê has âvæquas = plr

axaopea% ^g`ltus h' Lssurls% @lkhbhus ha Ybeel â`bl% Hgkltusha Oldgolhas 4

+ Oíoa hlks eaur eutf- dgktra eas Hggltbstas

bktrlksbàlkts at l`rassbis% eas Dltfgebquas ogktrlbakt legrs

uka oghârltbgk raeltbva+ Bes ka râdelolbakt e'lppebdltbgk hasegbs qua pgur sa hâiakhra% pgur râprboar eas vbgeakdas at pukbreas lttaktlts% pgur lssurar ea ebnra dfgbx has ibhæeas aktra eas

haux Aèbsas+ Ak hafgrs has vârbtlneas liilbras drbobkaeeas qub

raeavlbakt hu hrgbt dgoouk at has trbnuklux grhbklbras% bes

k'bkvgqulbakt ùæra qua el egb hu <1 mubk 4:>% irlpplkt eas

deards fârâtbquas3 at el pabka akdgurua sa râhubslbt ê ukaloakha+ Datta oghârltbgk akdgra âtlbt ha ngkka pgebtbqua3

aeea râsarvlbt e'lvakbr ak âvbtlkt ha susdbtar has flbkas brrâdgk/dbeblneas+

Ha peus ak peus% d'âtlbt Luùstbk qub bkspbrlbt at parsgkkb/iblbt datta pgebtbqua+ Hapubs qu'be lvlbt raopeldâ Ylearbusdgooa âvíqua h'Fbppgka 4

% be hâpegylbt uka ldtbvbtâ axtrlgr/hbklbra hlk/ sl dlopl`ka dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Be pgursubvlbtsgk hassabk lvad uka âkar`ba parsâvârlkta% hâhlb`kausa ha el

flbka at has oakldas qu'be s'lttbrlbt% oíoa has lttaktlts hgkt

be ilbeebt ítra vbdtboa'+ Be axfgrtlbt gu râiutlbt eas safbsoltbquashlks h'bkkgonrlneas sarogks% prgkgkdâs sgbt ê Fbppgka% sgbt

ê Dlrtflà at hlks nbak h'lutras vbeeas X+ Be âdrbvlbt ê has Hgkl/

tbstas% âvíquas% deards gu elçquas% pgur eas ak`làr ê sa dgk/vartbr% pgur hbsdutar lvad aux% pgur sa pelbkhra ha eaurs vbg/

eakdas% pgur mustbibar eas egbs ha râprassbgk 6+ Be aktrataklbt

Uub'u5tbk% Lh Dltfgebdgi Apbstueldgkerl Hgkltbstls% <2% 1:+

W + 0/16+Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB+ <:% <>=

l duo Aoarbtg% 2+

B Apbst+ 99+ B 3 66% 03 <:1% >

Brl ebt eavls Zatbeblkb+ BB% 64% <683 LhDltfgtbdgs Apbstuel dgkerl Hgkltbstls%

Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ <0 + +'be 3

ebls% Ybe + <8+

bbus% Ybtl '5&+ 2/<: =

Luùstbk% âtrldt+% Be% >< 3 ib 4<% 8 3

W </>= Zrgspar Xbkt% Apbtgol Dfrgkb/dgk+ b + lh lkk+ 421+

9" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <: at <43bstbk% Apbst+ 41%83 Akdfbrbhbgk% 1% <0+

= U bùstbk% Taro+ 89/80 3 9> 3 66 3 >:> =

>96/>92 = >0< 3 >61=Aklrr+ bk Z-leo+ ><

&Aklrr+ Be" = + B brr+ BBB = 49 /aro+Be at BBB = 1< = <., STaro+ Be3 3 <>b = <4>3<42 = <813 <82+

• t+ 82 = O /1> 3 9930: 3

.<:1/<:6+




lussb% ê prgpgs hu sdfbsoa% uka træs ldtbva dgrraspgkhlkdalvad has Dltfgebquas% has âvæquas% has prítras ha sgk hbgdæsa%

has elçquas% has ol`bstrlts gu ha `rlkhs prgprbâtlbras% qube'lbhlbakt hlks sl prgpl`lkha% at hgkt be vguelbt eguar gu stb/

ouear ea zæea <+ Dgkiblkt hlks ea ngk hrgbt ha sgk Aèbsa at

hlks el pubsslkda ha el rlbsgk% be âelr`bsslbt sgk dflop h'ld/

tbgk ak vbslkt ea punebd aktbar% slks hbstbkdtbgk ha sadtas% akprgvgqulkt sas lhvarslbras ê has hbsdussbgks pldbibquas hlkshas sleeas guvartas ê tgus+ Ak 420/426% hlks eas dâeænras dgkiâ/rakdas ha Xfunursbduo Kuobhlruo &lumgurh'fub Cflobssl"%

be put lbksb s'axpebquar ak tguta sbkdârbtâ% h'lngrh lvad uk`rgupa ha Hgkltbstas oghârâs% pubs lvad e'âvæqua Igrtukbus-+L nbak h'lutras âvæquas sdfbsoltbquas% be prgpgsl has dgkiâ/rakdas lklegùas3 s'be sa faurtl trgp sguvakt lu raius igroaegu hâùbsâ h'bktrlksbàlkts lhvarslbras% be gntbkt hu ogbks darâsuetlt qua das lhvarslbras% lux yaux has tâogbks kgk prâ/

vakus% plrurakt hgutar ha eaur dlusa gu ha el igrda ha eaurs

lrùoakts 4+ Be prbt h'lbeeaurs sl ravlkdfa hlks el dgktrgvarsa

âdrbta% gò be sa ogktrl ea peus delbrvgylkt% ea peus egyle at ea

peus rahgutlnea has pgeâobstas+ Zakhlkt qubkza lks% be ka elbssl

plssar luduk plopfeat% luduk lrùoakt% luduka lddusltbgkhas Hgkltbstas+ slks y râpgkhra lussbtøt at vbdtgrbausaoakt =

hlks sas ebvras Dgktra ea plrtb ha Hguît % hlks sgk `rlkh trlbtâ

Tur ea nlptíoa% hlks sas râiutltbgks ha Zlroakblkus% haZatbebl/

kus% haDrasdgkbus+ at hlks olbkt lutra guvrlà'+ Hlks sas ebvras%

hlks sas sarogks% hlks sas eattras% gò kgus pguvgks lhobrarakdgra e'âtgkklkta ldtbvbtâ h'Luùstbk% kgus ea vgygks ê

e'Ŕuvra dgooa dflopbgk ha e'Aèbsa dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ <<

hâtarobka lutgur ha eub ha kgonrausas dgkvarsbgks+ Be sur/

vabeea tgus eas oguvaoakts has sdfbsoltbquas% eaur lhrassa hasprgdeloltbgks% sb`klea lux ol`bstrlts eaurs oâilbts% prgtastadgktra eaurs usurpltbgks at eaurs vbgeakdas% pgrta pelbkta%

axbà has akquítas at has ldtbgks muhbdblbras% râdeloa ê qub hahrgbt e'lppebdltbgk has egbs = at tgumgurs be pgsa kattaoakt el

quastbgk% ka elbsslkt rbak plssar% olbs k'axl`ârlkt rbak% prg/hubslkt ha ngkkas rlbsgks% dgurtgbs oíoa akvars sas lhvar/slbras% lussb raspadtuaux has igroas qu'bktrlksbàlkt sur ea

igkh% lvad uk oâelkà ukbqua h'âkar`ba% ha oghârltbgk% havgegktâ delbrvgylkta at ha ngk saks+ Xae be sa ogktra plrtgut =

<" Apbst+ 48/4 +9/16= 9< 3 92 3 ùsebu% Apbst+ 44/483 1<+

61 3 62 =2.

3 <:: = <<</<<> = >81+[

8" Luùstbk+ âtrldâ+ % BB% 4< 3 84/813

>" Apbst+ 84/88+ 1</113 9:/9<+

4" Zgssbhbus+ Ybtl Luùsebkb% <:= Lu/





LQ XAOZT r;A TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 0<

ebqka havlbt% hlks sl vbeea% kâ`gdbar lvad ea dfai ha el dgoou/klutâ hgkltbsta% pgur prâplrar uka dgkiârakda `âkârlea akera

eas haux plrtbs+ Dflqua âvgqua radavrlbt has bkstrudtbgks prâdbsas

&olkhltuo" at uk oghæea ha prgdâhura &igrol dgkvaktbgkbs

Hgkltbstòruo"+ E'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà haolkharlbt lux `guvar/kaurs lirbdlbks ha ildbebtar das kâ`gdbltbgks at h'ak ilbra hrassar%

hlks dflqua egdlebtâ% ea prgdæs/varnle giibdbae '+ Ea prg`rlooatrldâ plr ea dgkdbea iut axâdutâ ê el eattra% lvad naludgup haoâtfgha at ha hâdbsbgk+ Qka sârba ha hgduoakts kgus paroat/takt ha subvra sur quaequas pgbkts ea hâtlbe ha e'lppebdltbgk =

raquíta h'Luraebus at has Dltfgebquas lu prgdgksue Taptbobkus%ea <4 saptaonra >

3 âhbt hu prgdgksue% dgkigroa ê el haolkha 4

3

irlòakts ha prgdæs/varnlux% raeltbis lux kâ`gdbltbgks lvadeas sdfbsoltbquas ê Dlrtflà 8

% ê Fbppgka 1% ê Dlelol 9

+ Dapak/hlkt% ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda `âkârlea k'aut pls ha subta pgurea ogoakt+ Eas lvlkdas has Dltfgebquas iurakt rapgussâas3ole`râ el oghârltbgk at e'flnbeatâ has oasuras prbsas% tguta

eaur ngkka vgegktâ sa nrbsl dgktra ea oluvlbs vguegbr has Hgkl/tbstas+ D'ast akdgra Zrboblkus qub bopgsl ê sgk plrtb datta

hâslstrausa ibk ha kgk/radavgbr+ Kgk saueaoakt% be raiusl pgursgk dgopta ha dgkiârar parsgkkaeeaoakt lvad sgk dgeeæùadltfgebqua 0

3 olbs% hlks uka eattra dbrduelbra% be kgtbibl ê tgus eas

âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas sl râpgksa ê Luraebus ha Dlrtflà 6+

D'âtlbt hbdtar lux lutras eaur dgkhubta+ Yars el ibk ha 8:4% ukdgkdbea hgkltbsta hâdbhl ha raiusar el dgkiârakda 2

+ Xguta el

prgdâhura bol`bkâa plr e'lssaoneâa hu >1 lgót âtlbt hâsgrolbsslks gnmat+ El pgebtbqua ha plbx at h'aktakta lvlbt âdfguâ+

E'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% pgussâa ê ngut% lddaptl el ùarra+Lu ogoakt gò eas âvíquas hgkltbstas rapgusslbakt ea prgmat

ha Dgkiârakda% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks saonelbakt prakhra ê tîdfaha eas dgoprgoattra peus qua mlolbs hlks e'gpbkbgk punebquaat hlks e'asprbt hu `guvarkaoakt daktrle+ Tgus ea dgoolkha/oakt ha deards sdfbsoltbquas% has nlkhas ha das nlrnlrastaklbakt el dlopl`ka% surtgut ak Kuobhba+ Bes s'lttlqulbakt

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ g" Apbst+ 66% 0+

2<W2>+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% 9" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:+

BBB% 81% 82 3 Apbst+ 66% 0+ 0" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8% 8 = 6% << =

>" Dgeeît+ Dlreflr +% BBB% <08+ ‘ Di+ Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10 3 Lh Hk/Luùstbu% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 1% 9+ kltbstlspgst Dgeeît+% <% < 3 <9% >: 3 4<% 14+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtflq+% BBB% <08+ 6" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+

8" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 8% 8 3 2" Apbst+ 09% 8 3 66% 0 3 Dgktrl Drasdg/6% << 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <% <3 kbko% <<<% 81% 82 3 89% 1:+ ‘ Di+ Dghr+%=

<9% >: 3 4<% 14 3 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49" dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 24+

<6 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10+



0> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

prbkdbpleaoakt lux âvíquas at lux deards dltfgebquas qua eaur

lrhaur pgur el prgpl`lkha aktrlëklbt egbk has vbeeas% at qub

s'lvakturlbakt hlks eas ngur`s gò eas hbssbhakts âtlbakt akolmgrbtâ+ Gk oaklàlbt ha ogrt das obssbgkklbras% s'bes ka das/

slbakt eaur prâhbdltbgk+ Gk eas lttakhlbt sur eas dfaobks% pgureas rguar ha dgups at eas sguoattra plrigbs ê h'fgrrbneas tgr/

turas <+ Qk ha das lttaktlts sgueavl e'bkhb`kltbgk ha tgus eas

fgkkítas àks+ Yars el ibk ha 8:4% Zgssbhbus% âvíqua ha Dlelol%iut surprbs sur uka rguta plr uka trgupa ha ilkltbquas qua hbrb/

àlbt uk prítra+ Be sa râiu`bl hlks uk hgolbka vgbsbk 3 ê trgbs

raprbsas% gk obt ea iau ê el olbsgk gò be sa dldflbt3 be aót âtâ

nróeâ vbi slks e'bktarvaktbgk has dgegks qub drlb`klbakt ha vgbre'bkdakhba sa prgplàr >

+ Zgssbhbus pgrtl pelbkta dgktra eas

âkarùoækas at dgktra Drbspbkus% e'âvíqua hgkltbsta% qub raiu/

slbt ha pukbr sgk prítra+ Lpræs uk egk` prgdæs% Drbspbkus iut

dgkhlokâ plr ea prgdgksue ê e'loakha ha hbx ebvras h'gr+ Be aklppael ê e'aoparaur% qub dgkibrol el saktakda+ Eas âvíquasdltfgebquas% aktra lutras Luùstbk at Zgssbhbus eub/oíoa%lhrassærakt uka raquíta ê Fgkgrbus pgur gntakbr el raobsa ha

e'loakha 4+ Olbs da nae axaopea ha oghârltbgk ka hâslrol pls

ea ilkltbsoa ha eaurs lhvarslbras+Eas vbgeakdas has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% el dgopebdbtâ has deards qub

hbrbàlbakt eaurs dgups% at e'bktrlksbàlkda ha prasqua tgus eas

âvíquas hgkltbstas% hâdbhærakt eas Dltfgebquas ê dflkàr hapgebtbqua% ê sgeebdbtar e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar+ EaDgkdbea ha Dlrtbelà hu <9 mubk b:8 akvgyl uka lonlsslha ê

e'aoparaur pgur eub axpgsar el sbtultbgk+ Eas taktltbvas ha

râdgkdbebltbgk at eas prgmats ha dgkiârakda lvlbakt âdfguâ3 easvbgeakdas rahgunelbakt+ Gk suppeblbt Fgkgrbus ha prgtâàr eas

Dltfgebquas% ha ilbra lppebquar lux Hgkltbstas eas egbs qub irlp/

plbakt eas fârâtbquas% ha hgkkar has bkstrudtbgks ak dgksâ/quakda lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ Ak lttakhlkt eas hâdbsbgksbopârbleas% ea Dgkdbea drut pruhakt ha s'lhrassar hbradtaoakt ê

das `guvarkaurs% pgur eaur haolkhar ha râtlnebr e'grhra at

h'lssurar plrtgut lux Dltfgebquas el prgtadtbgk has lutgrbtâsoukbdbpleas'+

Tb e'aoparaur fâsbtl% eas Hgkltbstas sa dflr`ærakt ha eub

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <4/<83 kbuo% <<<%89% 1:+

Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66%93 <61% 8% <63 Dgk/ 4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66%03 <:1% >% 83Brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 82= 89% 1:3 8T% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 80% .%e 3 Zgssb/

Dgeelt% Dlrefl`+% BBB% <083 Dghax hbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% e³+

dlkgk+ Adgeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 24+ 8" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 24+

>+ Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <83 Lu/ ‘ Di+ Dgeelb+ Dlrt bly+% BBB% ebt = Luùs/c'ustbk% Apbst+ <:1% >% 83 Dgktrl Drdsdg/ ebk% Apbst+ 6:% <3 66% 0+




akeavar tgut sdrupuea+ Eas lttaktlts sa ouetbpebærakt+ Ha mgurak mgur lrrbvlbakt lux `guvarkaurs% at musqu'ê ^goa% eas

pelbktas ha kguvaeeas vbdtboas+ Lux akvbrgks h'Fbppgka% âs/tbtutus% uk lkdbak prítra sdfbsoltbqua rleebâ ê e'Aèbsa dltfg/ebqua% iut akeavâ ha sl olbsgk% lddlneâ ha dgups at h'gutrlàs%

rgueâ hlks el ilkà h'uka olra% dguvart h'uk `rgtasqua olk/talu ha mgkds% trlëkâ lbksb lu obebau has fuâas% at rataku hguzamgurs prbsgkkbar+ Luùstbk hut hâpgsar uka pelbkta'+ Lbeeaurs%

eas ilkltbquas s'lttlquærakt ê has âvíquas dltfgebquas qub

lvlbakt bktaktâ has prgdæs pgur el rastbtutbgk ha eaurs nlsb/

ebquas+ Tarvbus% âvíqua ha Xfunursbduo Nura &Xangursguc"%iut oletrlbtâ lvad sgk pæra >

+ Olxboblkus% âvíqua ha Nl`lç% iut

prasqua lssgooâ lvad eas pelkdfas ha sgk lutae% pubs irlppâh'uk dgup ha pgb`klrh% prâdbpbtâ hu flut h'uka tgur% at lnlk/hgkkâ hlks uk igssâ oleprgpra% gò be rastl egk`taops slksdgkklbsslkda+ Be survâdut plr obrldea% at s'aoprassl h'leear

rldgktar sgk lvaktura ê ^goa% gò hâmê ea nrubt ha sl ogrtlvlbt dguru+ Be y rakdgktrl naludgup ha sas dgeeæùas% qub tguslppgrtlbakt quaequa pelbkta lklegùa 4

+

E'boprassbgk iut prgigkha% ak Btleba dgooa ak Lirbqua+E'aoparaur sa hâdbhl ê prakhra has oasuras âkar`bquas+ Ea<> iâvrbar 8:1% be prgoueùl uk kguvae âhbt h'ukbtâ% qub âqubvl/elbt ê el obsa fgrs el egb hu Hgkltbsoa% at qub spâdbiblbt eas

prbkdbplux ogyaks ha supprboar ea sdfbsoa = grhra h'lppeb/

quar ê el eattra tgutas eas egbs lktârbauras3 hâiaksa ha ranlptb/sar% sgus pabka h'lrrastltbgk booâhblta at ha dgkibsdltbgk hasnbaks3 bktarhbdtbgk lux hbssbhakts ha ilbra gu radavgbr has

hgkltbgks gu has ea`s 3 lssbobeltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas luxfârâtbquas3 lttrbnutbgk ha tgutas eas âèbsas lux Dltfgebquas3loakhas dgktra eas dgktravaklkts'+ Hlks sgk gnmat at hlks sl

takaur% Eahbt h'Fgkgrbus rlppaelbt eas vbaux âhbts h'ukbgk%elkdâs plr Dgkstlktbk ak 4<9 at plr Dgkstlkt ak 480+ Olbs be

dgktaklbt uka delusa kguvaeea% h'uka bopgrtlkda hâdbsbva =

e'lssbobeltbgk eâ`lea hu Hgkltbsoa lux fârâsbas.+ Zlr ea ilbt

oíoa% eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks tgonlbakt sgus ea dgup has

bkkgonrlneasegbs

dgktraeas

fârâtbquas3 at eas làkts hae'aoparaur k'lvlbakt peus luduka rlbsgk kb luduk prâtaxta ê

bkvgquar pgur eas oâklàr+

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 46= 9% 4/13

86% 143 Apbst+ 66% 9+ <<+ ~<+ ‘ Di+ Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd%>" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 84+ 80+ dlk+ 283 223 <<03 <<23 Luùstbk% Apbst+

4" Apbst+ 66% 03 <64% 0% >9/>03 Dgktrl 66% 1/<:3 <61% 0% >9+

Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 803 81% 82+ 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% 8%





LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK +.';

deards% iurakt irlppâs h'loakhas gu dgkhlokâs ê e'axbe'+ Olbsel rbùaur% el hurâa% eas râsuetlts ha el parsâdutbgk gkt âtrlkà/

oakt vlrbâ h'uka râ`bgk% h'uka vbeea ê e'lutra% saegk eas hbs/

pgsbtbgks has ol`bstrlts% at surtgut% subvlkt el igrda raeltbva

has haux plrtbs+

L Dlrtflà% dgooa kgus e'lvgks vu% e'ukbtâ iut râtlnebagiibdbaeeaoakt hæs e'âtâ ha 8:1 >

3 at pgurtlkt Zrboblkus put saolbktakbr ê sgk pgsta% gò kgus ea ratrguvargks akdgra ak 8<<

%

dgktbkulkt ê `guvarkar e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua 4+ Hlks ea hbgdæsa

h'Fbppgka% Luùstbk kgus hbt qua el parsâdutbgk ka iut pls

nbak tarrbnea3

3 eas hbssbhakts sa vbrakt akeavar has nlsbebquas%olbs eaur âvíqua âtlbt tgumgurs eê% eaurs prítras k'lvlbaktpls hâslroâ% at eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks ilbslbakt akdgra plrearh'aux 1

+ Hlks h'lutras vbeeas% gò eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt ogbksdlplneas ha râsbstlkda% bes iurakt peus huraoakt trlbtâs+ L el

Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% gk aktakhbt eas pelbktas has vbdtboas% qubdbtlbakt has ilbts prâdbs+ Ak vgbdb has axaopeas% aopruktâslux hbvarsas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas+ L Oaonrgka% ak Zrgdgk/suelbra% e'âvæqua sdfbsoltbqua « suddgonl lu taops ha el

parsâdutbgk ³9

+ L Fbppg Hblrrfytus &Nbzarta"% e'âvæqua hbssbhaktYbdtgr ldduslbt Iegraktbks% sgk dgeeæùa dltfgebqua% ha e'lvgbrebvrâ ê el pgebda = « << o'l parsâdutâ% hbslbt/be% ole`râ ogkbkkgdakda3 be o'l ilbt lrrítar% o'l raobs ê RG itdbuo pgurqu'gk o'aoprbsgkkît at qu'gk oa tuît 3

m'lb ilbt trgbs lks haprbsgk ³

0+ L Olrlzlkl% ak Nyzldæka% el dgoouklutâ sdfbs/

oltbqua lvlbt âtâ dgopeætaoakt hbssguta+ Ygbdb ea hblegùa qubs'ak`làl ak 8<< aktra eas haux âvíquas rbvlux ha datta

egdlebtâ =

Ea Hgkltbsta = « Ogk prâhâdassaur l âtâ grhgkkâ ê Olrlzlkl+Lpræs lvgbr prbs pgssassbgk ha sgk sbæà% be l âtâ axpuesâ ³+

Ea Dltfgebqua = « Be k'l mlolbs sbâ`â ³+

Ea Hgkltbsta = « Ogb kgk peus% ma k'lb pu aktrar ak pgssas/sbgk 3 m'lb hó o'bkstleear ê trgbs obeeas ha el dbtâ ³+

Ea Dltfgebqua = « Be k'y l mlolbs au dfaz kgus ha Hgkltbstas%at be k'y ak l pls% at mlolbs bes k'gkt prbs pgssassbgk ha eaur

sbæà ³+

<" Luùsebu% Apest+ 62% >= 24% 4% <:+ at <>3 <:1% >% 43 <:9/<:63 BBB% <+

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% alu+ 28+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <44+4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <

'+ 3 <:8 3 <>:3 0" Bnbh+% B% <8>+ ‘ Da plsslà% qub ast<>2/<443 <86/<823 <1<3 <943 <<23 <643 peldâ lumgurh'fub ê el ibk hu plrl`rlpfa <8>%<2-m3 >:63 >>43 BB% > at <>= BBB% > at <<93 l âeâ sóraoakt trlkspgsâ &plr subta h'ukaLuùstbk% Lh Hgkltbstls pgsâ Dgeelb+% dgkiusbgk lvad uk lutra Ybdtgr"3 be hgbt

>8%8<+ ítra rapgrtâ ê el ibk beu plrl`rlpfa <42%

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 6+ gò be ast quastbgu ha e'âvæqua h'iebppg Hblr/

1" âtrldt+% BB% 14% <3 Apbst+ 693 66% 6 rfvtus+




Ea Hgkltbsta = « Bes gkt âtâ gpprboâs klùæra <

³+

L Fgspbtl% ak Kuobhba% e'âvíqua dltfgebqua lylkt hâdelrâ

qu'be k'lvlbt pls ha rbvle% sgk lhvarslbra hbssbhakt râpebqua =

« M'lb hó iubr slks dassa havlkt el parsâdutbgk ³>

+ L \ubzl% akOlurbtlkba Dâslrbakka% e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua « suddgonl hlksel parsâdutbgk ³ 4

+ L @rltblkgpgebs% hlks el oíoa prgvbkda% ea

Dltfgebqua hbt ha sgk lhvarslbra = « M'lb dgktra ogb Hautarbus3olbs be ast saue% slks ibhæeas ³+ L qugb Hautarbus râpebqua =

« D'ast qua tu ls rakvarsâ kgs olbsgks% at qua tu o'ls parsâ/

dutâ ³ '+ ‘ Das patbtas sdækas% kgtâas sur ea vbi% ak hbsakt egk`sur eas vbgeakdas qub lddgopl`kærakt ak Lirbqua e'axâdutbgk

ha e'âhbt h'ukbtâ+

Hlks h'lutras egdlebtâs% surtgut ak Kuobhba% eas røeas

dflkàkt+ Eas Hgkltbstas y âtlbakt sb nbak olëtras ha el sbtul/

tbgk% qu'bes trguvlbakt ogyak ha parsâdutar eas parsâdutaurs+Hlks el râ`bgk h'Fbppgka% e'luhlda has Dbrdgkdaeebgks s'lddrut

akdgra lpræs eas egbs ha 8:1% at eas lttaktlts sa ouetbpebærakt 9+

Yars 8:9% ea dear`â dltfgebqua h'Fbppgka lhrassl uka eattra hapelbktas lu prbolt sdfbsoltbqua ha Kuobhba 9

+ L Dgkstlktbka%

eas haux âvgquas rbvlux s'ldduslbakt outuaeeaoakt ha vbgeakda+Ea Hgkltbsta hbt ha sgk lhvarslbra dltfgebqua = « Be ast ea parsâ/

dutaur ha e'Aèbsa hlks el vbeea gò ma subs âvíqua ³+ ‘ « Hlksel oíoa dbtâ% râpgkh ea Dltfgebqua% tgus eas lutaes gkt âtâ

nrbsâs plr eas fârâtbquas ³+ ‘ « D'ast tgb ea parsâdutaur% râpebquaea Hgkltbsta+ Ea prgdæs/varnle ak iarl oaktbgk+ Ea ogoaktvaku% tu sarls trlbtâ dgooa tu ea oârbtas ³ 0

+ ‘ L Obeav%

e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua lvlbt hâtrubt qultra nlsbebquas 6+ L Nl`lç%

eas hbssbhakts%qub ak 8:8 lvlbakt prasqua lssgooâ

e'âvíqua

dltfgebqua 2% radgooakdærakt eaurs axpegbts lpræs e'âhbt ha

'eG+'b = bes bkdakhbærakt el nlsbebqua at nróeærakt eas ebvras slbkts <:+

L ^gtlrbl% bes tuærakt e'âvíqua dltfgebqua.+ L Xfbnbebs% bes

râhubsbrakt ê el dgkhbtbgk ha dltâdfuoæka% pubs ranlptbsærakte'âvíqua Tbopebdbus% uk vbabeelrh ha qultra/vbk`t/hbx lks.+ LDlaslrblkl% ea dfai ha el dgoouklutâ sdfbsoltbqua% Drasdg/kbus% dgoobt tgutas sgrtas ha oâilbts+ Ygbdb da qua hbslbt ha eub

Kgvltus ha Tbtbeb = « Be y l bdb% ê Dlrtflà oíoa% uk prítra at

U" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <44+ 0" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <42+

>" Bnbh+% <% < ='%='%+ / Bnbh+% B% >:<+3 Bnbh+% <% <84+ '' Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

B Bnbh+% B% <41+ 84% 80= Apbst+ 66%03 <6, />0+

T U bùsebk% Apbst+ 66% < at 63 <:6% 1% <:" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<% >4+

<8= eu/3% 9% <63 <<<% <= Dgktrl Drasdg/ <<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <60+

kbuo% BBB% 84% 803 80% 1<+ <>" Bnbh+% B% <66 at <20+

pb t+ 66+




uk hbldra qua Drasdgkbus l vgeâs% qu'be l tgrturâs% qu'be l pak/

hus% be l hâpgubeeâ e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% eub l prbs sgk lràkt% eub

l hârgnâ sas prgvbsbgks ha neâ% eub l akeavâ sas dflrbgts ³'+ ‘Ygbeê has sdfbsoltbquas qub bktarprâtlbakt ê eaur ilàgk e'âhbt

h'ukbtâ+ At tgut dael sa plsslbt lu ogoakt gò eas `guvarkaurslirbdlbks% ak vartu has grhras ha e'aoparaur% âtlbakt daksâs

lkâlktbr e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt+Dapakhlkt% sb e'gk dgksbhæra e'aksaonea ha el dgktrâa% e'Aèbsa

dltfgebqua `l`kl naludgup peus qu'aeea ka parhbt lux parsâdu/

tbgks qub subvbrakt eas egbs ha 8:1+ Xlkhbs qu'gk eub lttrbnulbt

eas nlsbebquas akeavâas lux hbssbhakts% aeea dfardflbt ê `l`kareas pgpueltbgks plr uka prgpl`lkha akdgra peus ldtbva% kakâèbàlkt luduk ogyak h'ldtbgk = prâhbdltbgk% trlbtâs pgeâ/

obquas% dgrraspgkhlkdas dgeeadtbvas gu parsgkkaeeas% prgdel/

oltbgks oíoa >% gu liibdflà ha hgduoakts sur eas ours has

âèbsas 4+ Eas dgkvarsbgks iurakt kgonrausas 3 has dbtâs aktbæras

lnlkhgkkærakt ea sdfbsoa-+ Xfl`lsta% qub mlhbs lvlbt âtâ dgo/peætaoakt ldqubsa lu Hgkltbsoa% âtlbt hapubs egk`taops raha/

vakuadltfgebqua% slks hguta lpræs e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt 1

+ El egb

ha 8:1 aut ea oíoa aiiat ak dartlbkas vbeeas = ê Ylzlrb% plr

axaopea% tguta el pgpueltbgk ravbkt ê e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% at

e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua% rastâ saue% hut sa ratbrar 6+ Da qub surprbt

peus akdgra% d'ast el dgkvarsbgk h'lssaz kgonraux Dbrdgkdae/

ebgks% els paut/ítra ha eaurs vl`lngkhlàs at ha eaur axbstakda

ha nrb`lkhs 0+ Has deards hbssbhakts% plr el vartu ha e'âhbt bopâ/

rble% iurakt â`leaoakt tgudfâs ha el `rîda = has prítras% dgooaDlssblkus ha Nlolddgrl 6

3 has âvíquas% dgooa daux ha Dueusb

at ha Yl`l ak Zrgdgksuelbra 2+ Has prgprbâtlbras ha Kuobhba%

dgooa Iastus% uslbakt ha eaur bkieuakda pgur dgkvartbr eas

dgegks ha eaurs hgolbkas <:+ Qka lhrgbta pgebtbqua% qub taklbt

dgopta has dbrdgkstlkdas at has dls plrtbduebars% ildbebtlbt eas

dgkvarsbgks+ Gk bopgslbt uka sâværa pâkbtakda ê daux qub% ukaigbs nlptbsâs% lvlbakt lnlkhgkkâ e'Aèbsa3 olbs' gk sa ogktrlbtbkhueàkt pgur daux qub lpplrtaklbakt ê has ilobeeas sdfbsol/tbquas+ Gk k'lhoattlbt pls hlks ea dear`â dltfgebqua daux qub

lvlbakt âtâ ranlptbsâs% kb daux qub% lpræs uk praobar ratgur êe'Aèbsa% âtlbaktrahavakus hgkltbstas.+ Tlui das axdaptbgks lssaz

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <66/<62+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <49+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:13 âtrldt+% Be% 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <>2+

14 at 11+ X" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <% >+

4" âtrldt+% Be% 14% <+ 6" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <>6 at <60+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+' 24% 1% <93 Dghax 2" Bnbh+% B% <46 at <09+

dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 22+ <:" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 62% 6+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 1% <03 Dgeeît+ <<" Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <>% >:%





LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 0:

Ea râsuetlt ea peus delbr has egbs ha 8:1 iut ha hbssbpar tguta

âqubvgqua% at ha hâdflëkar uka eutta ê ogrt aktra eas haux

Aèbsas+ Xgut parsâdutâs qu'bes iussakt% eas Hgkltbstas gsæraktquaequaigbs prakhra e'giiaksbva+ Lu hânut ha 8:9% bes sgk`æraktê lhgptar el pgebtbqua qub lvlbt râussb ê eaurs lhvarslbras = bes

sa tgurkærakt vars ea pguvgbr sâduebar% at eub sguobrakt ukprgmat lklegùa ê daeub qu'bes lvlbakt rapgussâ trgbs lks peus

egt+ Ea 4: mlkvbar% has âvíquas hgkltbstas âtlbakt ê ^lvakkas =

bes lhrassærakt uka raquíta lu prâiat hu prâtgbra% pgur gntakbre3b dgkvgdltbgk h'uka dgkiârakda punebqua at dgktrlhbdtgbra

aktra eas haux plrtbs<

+

El haolkhaaót âtâ dartlbkaoakt nbak

ldduabeeba lvlkt Eahbt h'ukbgk = lrrbvlkt ak peabka parsâdutbgk%

aeea ka rakdgktrl slks hguta qua sdaptbdbsoa gu hâhlbk+ Eaprgmat k'aut pls ha subta pgur ea ogoakt3 olbs eas Dltfgebquaslirbdlbks k'gunebærakt pls datta hâolrdfa% bes havlbakt sguvakte'leeâùar peus tlrh pgur hâogktrar qua das sadtlbras sb bktrlk/

sbàlkts lvlbakt aux oøoas sgeebdbtâ e'guvartura h'uka dgk/

iârakda+

Zakhlkt eas haux lkkâas subvlktas% slui eas axpegbts ha eaurs

Dbrdgkdaeebgks at has suddæs egdlux ha raprâslbeeas% eas Hgkl/tbstas k'aurakt ê akra`bstrar qua has hâilbtas+ Eas âvgquasdltfgebquas% hlks eaur dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà hu <4 mubk 8:0%s'aiigrdærakt h'lssurar eaur vbdtgbra ak râgr`lkbslkt eaur Aèbsa+

Qs akvgyærakt uka lonlsslha ê e'aoparaur% pgur gntakbr

quaequas oasuras dgopeâoaktlbras dgktra ea sdfbsoa+ Bes

ibxærakt aktra aux eas prbkdbpas ha el pgebtbqua ê subvra hlkseas egdlebtâs gò sa prghubslbakt ha kgonrausas dgkvarsbgks+

Eas lkdbakkas dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas% uka igbs rleebâas êe'Aèbsa% havlbakt `lrhar eaur âvgqua+ T'be âtlbt ogrt% at sb aeeas

ka haolkhlbakt pls ê ea raopeldar% aeeas pgurrlbakt ítra

rlttldfâas ê uk lutra hbgdæsa+ Xgut âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua qub

lvlbt rloakâ sas ibhæeas lu Dltfgebdbsoa% lvlkt eahbt h'ukbgk%dgksarvlbt ha hrgbt sl hb`kbtâ+ Zlrtgut gò eas dgkvarsbgksâtlbakt pgstârbauras ê e'âhbt% eas âvíquas havlbakt ravakhbquartgutas eas âèbsas3 at ha oíoa% eê gò eas sdfbsoltbquas raiu/

slbakt ha dâhar >+ Datta bktaeebàkta pgebtbqua% oâelkà hg dgk/

dassbgks pruhaktas at ha iaroatâ% âtlbt prgpra ê rakhra hurlneaseas suddæs plrtbaes hâmê gntakus+ Aeea plrlët lvgbr âtâ peabka/

oakt lpprguvâa plr ea `guvarkaoakt daktrle+ Qka dgkstbtutbgk

h'Fgkgrbus% hltâa hu <1 kgvaonra 8:0% at lhrassâa lu prgdgk/sue h'Lirbqua Zgriyrbus% ast lkboâa hu oíoa asprbt = grhra ha

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+ %<<<% <8< 3 Luùsebu% >" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeds+ lirbd% dlk+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<%' 8% g3 Apbtt+ 66% <:+ 223 <:9+ ‘ Di+ tnbde+% dlk+ <<0+



6: E'Â@EBTA HGKLXBTXeb

sa ogktrar bkhueàkt pgur eas sdfbsoltbquas qub sa rleebakt êe'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% at ha pgursubvra e'lppebdltbgk has egbs

dgktra eas bktrlksbàlkts <

+

Ak 8:6% eas Hgkltbstas sa drurakt ê el vabeea ha prakhra ukakguvaeea ravlkdfa+ Gk lpprbt dgup sur dgup el hbs`rîda% pubsel ogrt ha Ttbebdfgk% ea obkbstra tgut/pubsslkt h'Fgkgrbus at

ea `rlkh akkaob has fârâtbquas+ Das âvâkaoakts dlusærakt akLirbqua uka vbva âogtbgk% at oíoa has trguneas+ Tdfbsoltbquasat plçaks s'l`btærakt+ Gk prâtakhlbt qua eas egbs ha râprassbgkâtlbakt e'Ŕuvra parsgkkaeea ha Ttbebdfgk+ qua das egbs leelbakt

ítra rlppgrtâas% qua tgut leelbt dflkàr >+ Has hbssbhakts pau

sdrupueaux ilnrbquæraktat

ibrakt dbrduear hlksea

plys uk iluxâhbt bopârble ha tgeârlkda.+ Eas âvíquas dltfgebquas s bkqubâ/tærakt% at tbkrakt datta lkkâa/eê haux dgkdbeas ê Dlrtflà+ Hlkseaur lssaoneâa hu <9 mubk% bes hâdbhærakt h'akvgyar ê e'aopa/raur uka lonlsslha pgur haolkhar dgkibroltbgk has egbs

dgktra eas Hgkltbstas <

+ Ea <4 gdtgnra% ê el subta ha kguvaluxlttaktlts dgktra peusbaurs h'aktra aux% ê el subta h'âoautas gòhaux Dltfgebquas iurakt tuâs at trgbs âvíquas oletrlbtâs% bes

dflr`ærakt uka lutra hâputltbgk ha pgrtar ak Btleba uka raquíta

lklegùa at ha sgeebdbtar has oasuras h'uràkda+ Ha sgk døtâ%

Luùstbk sa obt ak dlopl`ka = be âdrbvbt ê Geyopbus% ea kgu/valu obkbstra% pgur ea prassar h'lppuyar el haolkha hudgkdbea 9

+

Fgkgrbus s'âout ha tgutas das hâolrdfas at ha e'l`btltbgk

lirbdlbka+ Ea O kgvaonra 8:6% uka dgkstbtutbgk bopârbleaakmgb`klbt uka igbs ha peus ha prgsdrbra eas plrtbslks ha @be/

hgk% d'ast/ê/hbra% prgnlneaoakt% eas Hgkltbstas dgoprgobs

klùæra hlks el râvgeta<

+

Qka lutra dgkstbtutbgk% hltâa hu¼U kgvaonra% at lhrassâa lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Hgkltus%irlpplbt ha el pabka dlpbtlea qubdgkqua trgunearlbt eas dârâog/kbas has âèbsas 6

+ Zubs% eas egbs sa suddâhærakt ha peus ak peusoaklàlktas = ea >0 kgvaonra% grhra h'aopídfar tguta râukbgkh'fârâtbquas% dgkibsdltbgk has ebaux ha râukbgk% axbe has dgu/plneas 2

3 ea <4 mlkvbar b:2% pabka dlpbtlea dgktra daux qubslddlàrlbakt eas nlsbebquas gu bksuetarlbakt eas âvíquas at eas

prítras% grhra ha pgursubvra h'giibda slks lttakhra el pelbkta

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 8< at 84+ 1" enbh+% lvlkt ea dlkgk <:0+ ‘ Di+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 20% >/4 = Dghax dl/ Luùstbk% Apbse+ 2<% >/8+

kgk+ Adgeas% l irbd% ê el subta hu dlkgk 9" Luùstbk% Apbst+

<:9+ <" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% <:% <2+

43 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:1%>%9+ 6" enbh+% VYB +++ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk%

8" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% ê el Apbse+ <::% >+

subta hu dlkgk <:9+ 2" Dgh+ Xfagh+% UUe+ 1% <1%



LQ XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 6M

has dfais ha dgoouklutâ% grhra ê tgus ha hâkgkdar eas vbg/eakdas% bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks qubhavrgkt haolkhar has trgupas lu dgota h'Lirbqua'3 ea <1 mlk/vbar% grhra axpræs h'lppebquar tgutas eas egbs% râvgdltbgk has`guvarkaurs qub k'gnâbrlbakt pls% loakhas ê eaurs làkts%hâpgrtltbgk has ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux qub ka hâkgkdarlbaktpls eas bkirldtbgks.3 ea >9 mubk% oaklda ha hbs`rîda dgktratgus eas hâtaktaurs ha e'lutgrbtâ qub ka sa dgkigroarlbakt plslux bkstrudtbgks raàuas 4

+

El parsâdutbgk radgooakàl hgkd ak Lirbqua+ Ea prgdgksue

Hgkltus prgoueùl eub/oíoa uk âhbt sur e'lppebdltbgk hasegbs- = âhbt sb sâværa% qu'Luùstbk drut havgbr eub âdrbra pgurea rlppaear ê el oghârltbgk% pgur e'bkvbtar ê pukbr eas hbssbhaktsslks eas oattra ê ogrt 1

+ Da qub axpebqua slks hguta el rbùaurha Hgkltus% da sgkt eas âdelts ha ilkltbsoa% hgkt eas âdfgs eub

plrvaklbakt dflqua mgur+ Ak nbak has plys% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgkssaolbakt el tarraur at s'aktrlëklbaktê ha tarrbneas raprâslbeeas 1

+

Has âvgquas dltfgebquas bktaktlbakt has prgdæs lux Hgkltbstas'havlkt ea prgdgksue 0

+ L Tbkbtuo% præs Fbppgka% eas sdfbsol/tbquas elkàlbakt uka luhldbausa prgdeloltbgk 6

+ Has prítrashbssbhakts lhrasslbakt ê Luùstbk uka sgooltbgk lussb oakl/àlkta qu'bkmurbausa 2

+ Luùstbk râpgkhbt plr uk Lvartbssaoaktlux Hgkltbstas% gò be eas axfgrtlbt ê raktrar hlks e'Aèbsa at mus/

tbiblbt eas egbs ha râprassbgk <:+ Ole`râ tgut% eas vbgeakdas rahgu/

nelbakt ha tgus døtâs+ Aeeas suraxdbtærakt taeeaoakt e'gpbkbgkpunebqua% qua eas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas drurakt slàh'akrlyar = ka râussbsslkt pls ê lrrítar eaurs luxbeblbras trgp

dgoprgoattlkts% bes guvrbrakt has ebstas ha sgusdrbptbgk pgurbkhaokbsar eas prgprbâtlbras eâsâs plr eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks.+

Lu hânut ha 8<:% dgup ha tfâîtra+ Farldeblkus% dgotah'Lirbqua% dfai ha tgutas eas trgupas qub trlvlbeelbakt plr el

tarraur ê el dgkvarsbgk has Hgkltbstas% raàut uka dgkstbtutbgk

bopârblea qub hut e'âtgkkar igrt% at qub ka kgus surprakh plsogbks = d'âtlbt uk âhbt ha tgeârlkda% qub prgdelolbt el ebnartâ

ha tgutas eas sadtas <>+ Gk ka slbt trgp h'gò vaklbt datta vgeta/

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% >% 4t+ 0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <::% >+

>" enbh+% VYB% 1% 89+ 6" Apbst+ <:1% >% 8+

4" enbh+% VYB% 1% 80+ 2" Apbst+ <:1% <% <3 1% <0+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <::% >+ ‘ Di+ Dgh+ <:" Apbst+ <:1+

Xfagh+% VYB%1% 88+ F" Apbst+ <:6% 9% <6+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <::+ <>" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1%1< 3 Dghax dl/

9" Apbst+ <:6% 1% <83 <:6% 9% <63 <<<% kgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% alu+ <:03 Luùstbk%

< 3 Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% ê el Apbst+ <:6% 9% <6+

subta hu dlkgk <:@+

BY 9



6> E'Â@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

ilda% kb da qub s'âtlbt plssâ ê ^goa = paut/ítra el drlbkta has@gtfs% qub akvlfbsslbakt e'Btleba% iut/aeea pgur e'aoparaur ea

dgooakdaoakt ha el slàssa% ak ea hâdbhlkt ê taktar% lpræse'ukbgk has Aèbsas% e'ukbgk has dbtgyaks+ Ak tgut dls% dat lddæsh'bkhueàkda pgur eas hbssbhakts ka saonea pls lvgbr râtlneb el

plbx ak Lirbqua+ Yars da taops/ eê% Oldrgnbus% ea kguvaeâvíqua sdfbsoltbqua h'Fbppgka% ibt sgk aktrâa sgeakkaeea hlkssl vbeea âpbsdgplea% asdgrtâ plr has dgopl`kbas ha Dbrdgkdae/ebgks qub oíelbakt lux dlktbquas eaur ilrgudfa rairlbk Hageluhas <

+ D'ast legrs lussb qu'be ranlptbsl uk sgus/hbldra hu hbg/

dæsa h'Luùstbk 4+ Eas âvíquas dltfgebquas tbkrakt dgksabe+

^âsgeus ê ak ibkbr% bes sa hâdbhærakt ê raprakhra eaur pelk ha8:4% olbs ak lssurlkt ea suddæs plr e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbrsâduebar+ Eaur dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà hu <8 mubk 8<: akvgyl ukalonlsslha ê e'aoparaur pgur eub axpgsar el sbtultbgk% pgurhaolkhar e'lnrg`ltbgk ha e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda at el dgkvgdltbgkh'uka Dgkiârakda `âkârlea aktra eas haux plrtbs 4

+ Zlr ukadgkstbtutbgk hltâa hu >1 lgót 8<:% Fgkgrbus lkkuel sgk prâdâ/hakt âhbt% at irlppl ha el pabka dlpbtlea gu ha el prgsdrbptbgk/

tgus eas fârâtbquas qub tbakhrlbakt has lssaoneâas8

+ Ak oíoataops% be lddaptl ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda% at prbt has oasuraspgur ea râlebsar+ Zlr el dgkstbtutbgk hu <8 gdtgnra ha el oíoalkkâa% be dflràl uk dgoobsslbra spâdble% Olrdaeebkus% sâkl/taur% trbnuk at kgtlbra bopârble% ha sa rakhra ê Dlrtflà% h'ydgkvgquar el Dgkiârakda% h'ak prâsbhar eas hânlts% ha râtlnebr

ak Lirbqua e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa lu prgibt ha daeea has hauxAèbsas qub lurlbt prguvâ sgk ngk hrgbt% at% musqu'ê el sak/takda% ha ilbra lppebquar tgutas eas egbs ak ilvaur ha e'Aèbsa

dltfgebqua 1+

D'ast uk ogoakt sgeakkae% uka âpgùa% hlks e'fbstgbra hae'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka = ha el Dgkiârakda leelbt sgrtbr el dgkhlo/kltbgk hâibkbtbva hu sdfbsoa% e'lrrít ha ogrt% gu% lu dgktrlbra%

el mustbibdltbgk at e'lpgtfâgsa hu Hgkltbsoa% radgkku akibk

dgooa el vârbtlnea Aèbsa ak Lirbqua+ L vrlb hbra% eas sdfbs/

oltbquas sa ibrakt pau h'beeusbgks+ Bes dgkklbsslbakt trgp nbakeaur hastbk ha parsâdutâs% eas lkdbaks âhbts h'ukbgk% el egkùa

sârba has egbs lktârbauras% el pgebtbqua trlhbtbgkkaeea hu `gu/varkaoakt daktrle% eas hbspgsbtbgks parsgkkaeeas ha e'aopa/

<" Luùstbk% Apbît+ <:6% 1% <8+ >% > 3 4% 4 3 8% 8/g+

>" Apbst+ <:9/<:6+ ‘ Di+ Tarog 89% <4% 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% ,% 1<+

4<+ 1" enbh+% VYB% <<% 43 Dgeeît+ Dkrefly+%

4" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% alu+ B% 8 3 BBB% >2+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk Nravbd+

<:0+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% Dgeeît+% B+ < 3 <<<% >% >+





68 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

>02 âvgquas prâsakts% ê pau præs lutlkt h'lnsakts at ha sbæàs

vldlkts qua pgur eas Dltfgebquas <+ Olrdaeebkus prâsbhlbt eas

hânlts+ Be âtlbt lssbstâ plr peusbaurs giibdbars% at tgut uk par/sgkkae h'fubssbars% ha `raiibars% ha kgtlrbç' + Eas sapt olkhl/tlbras &lhgras" gu lvgdlts/raprâsaktlkts hu plrtb hgkltbstaâtlbakt Zrboblkus ha Dlrtbelà% Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka%Aoarbtus ha Dlaslral% Zrgtlsbus ha Xfunukla% Ogktlkus ha]lol% @luhaktbus ha Xflou`lhb% Lhaghltus ha Obeav 4

+ Easolkhltlbras has Dltfgebquas âtlbakt Luraebus ha Dlrtbelà%

Leypa ha Xfl`lsta% Luùstbk h'Fbppgka% Ybkdaktbus ha Dueusb%

Igrtukltus ha Dgkstlktbka% Igrtukltblkus ha Tbddl% Zgssbhbusha Dlelol-+ Ak gutra% dflqua plrtb lvlbt hâsb`kâ sapt dgksb/

bblrbb gu dgksabeears slks vgbx hâebnârltbva% qultra lrdfbvbstas&dustghas dflrtlruo"% at qultra `raiibars &kgtlrbb"'+

El praobæra sâlkda aut ebau ea < ar mubkr'+ Gk prgdâhl h'lngrh ê

e'bkstleeltbgk hu nuralu 0+ Zubs% has `raiibars eurakt eas hgdu/

oakts raeltbis ê el dgkvgdltbgk = âhbts ha e'aoparaur at hudgoobsslbra% râpgksas has haux plrtbs 6

+ Legrs eas Hgkltbstasdfardfærakt ê aktrlvar el hbsdussbgk plr has gnstrudtbgks hatgut àkra = dfbdlkas sur el harkbæra râpgksa ha eaurs lhvar/slbras% sur el oâtfgha ê subvra% sur ea olkhltuo has Dltfgeb/quas'+ Bes axb`ærakt el prâsakda ha tgus eas âvíquas qub lvlbaktsb`kâ da hgduoakt .'+ Gk ibt vakbr das âvíquas% hgkt gk vârbibl

uka ê uka tgutas eas sb`klturas .+ Zubs% be ileeut ebra ea olkhltuohas Hgkltbstas '/ at eaurs sb`klturas.% gò Xgk dgkstltl has brrâ

ùelrbtâs% oíoa el sb`kltura h'uk ogrt u+ Lpræs ea radaksaoakt

has haux plrtbs t1% ea prâsbhakt dgk`âhbl tgus eas âvgquas kgk

olkhltlbras+ Olbs el mgurkâa lvlbt plssâ lu obebau ha tgutasdas vârbibdltbgks3 gk hut rakvgyar el hbsdussbgk lu sureakha/olbk <9

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% ><4/><03 Lu/ùstbk% ebravbd+ DQelE% <% <83 Lh Hgkl/eb/btus pgse Dgeelb+% ><% 8<+

> Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% < de 83 BB% <3

BBB% B+

4" Bnbh+% <% <86+ / Di+ Be% >3 BBB% >+8" enbh+% B% 11+ ‘ Di+ B% >3 BB% >= BBB+ >+

1" enbh+% B% </>3 <:3 11 3 >< s 3 >>43

<<% </>= BBB% </>3 Luùstbk% ebravbd+ Dge/eît+% B% 83 Apbse+ <8<%>+

9" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% < at <:+

0" enbh+% B% </4+

6" enbh+% U% 8/1 3 bk3 <83 <9/<63 L

tbk% Nravbd+ 5 geele+% B% </0+

2" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% >: 14 = Luùs/

tbk% Beravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% 6/2+

<: m Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 11/263 Luùs/tbk% Beravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <:/<<+

<<} Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+%e% 22/<843 Luùs/tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <>+

U/>"Dgeele+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <863 Luùstbk%Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% < 8+

<4" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B+ <82 ><:+

<8" enbh+% B% >:0/>:63 Luùstbk% Nravbd+Dgeeît+% B% <83 Lh Hgklebsels ;gse Dge/elb+% >4% 8: % Apbst+ <8<% <+

<1" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% ><</><03 Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <8+

<9" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% ><0/>>> 3 Lu/ùsebk% Nravbd+ e'uttlt+% B% <1+




Eas Hgkltbstas k'lttakhbrakt pls musqua/eê pgur sgueavar hashbiibduetâs+ Hæs ea eakhaolbk% > mubk% bes lhrassærakt uka ra/

quíta lu prâsbhakt% pgur râdeloar uka dgpba hu olkhlt uo hasDltfgebquas'+ Olrdaeebkus grhgkkl ha eaur raoattra el dgpbahaolkhâa '+ Lu hânut ha el sadgkha sâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda% 4mubk 4

% gk s'lparàut qua eas sdfbsoltbquas prâplrlbakt ha kgu/vaeeas olkŔuvras+ Ea prâsbhakt lylkt bkvbtâ tgut ea ogkha ês'lssagbr% bes raiusærakt ak leeâùlkt has taxtas nbnebquas at

e'bopbâtâ ha eaurs lhvarslbras 8+ Gk rastl hgkd hangut% olbs

slks lvlkdar hlvlktlà+ Eas `raiibars eurakt el raquíta ha el

vabeea% at elrâpgksa hu dgoobsslbra-+ Lpræs h'grlàux hânlts%gk hâdbhl qua dflqua grltaur havrlbt sb`kar ea prgdæs/varnle ha

tgutas eas plrgeas qu'be lurlbt prgkgkdâas''+ Zubs% eas Hgkltbstashaolkhærakt e'lmgurkaoakt ha el hbsdussbgk% musqu'ê da qu'bes

aussakt raàu dgpba has @asel ha el praobæra sâlkda '+ Bes bkvgquæ/

rakt lussb el prasdrbptbgk% prâtakhlkt qua el Dgkiârakda lurlbthó s'guvrbr ea <2 olb% qultra ogbs lpræs ea praobar âhbt hudgoobsslbra% dgkigroâoakt ê el dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea 6

+ Nrai%e'gk k'lngutbt ê rbak 3 ea prâsbhakt hut dâhar% at lmgurkar el Dgk/iârakda ê sbx mgurs 2

+ Eas `raiibars iurakt príts lvlkt el trgb/

sbæoa sâlkda+ Ea @ mubk% bes raobrakt lux olkhltlbras has hauxplrtbs eas prgdæs/varnlux has hânlts lktârbaurs <:

+ Ea oíoamgur% Olrdaeebkus ibt liibdfar das prgdæs/varnlux% lvad uk Lvbslu punebd <<

+ Ea 0 mubk% eas âvíquas hgkltbstas prâsakts ê Dlrtflàsa râukbrakt% at râhb`ærakt uka egkùa eattra sykghlea% lhrassâalu dgoobsslbra% ak râpgksa lu oukhltlo has Dltfgebquas.+

El trgbsbæoa sâlkda% qub gddupl tguta el mgurkâa hu 6 mubk .%

at qub hâdbhl hu sgrt has sdfbsoltbquas% oârbta uka pelda h'fgk/kaur hlks eas lkkleas ha el dfbdlka% haeê râsb`kltbgk dfrâtbakkaat ha el pltbakda prâsbhaktbaeea+ Eas Hgkltbstas âpubsærakt tguseas systæoas h'gnstrudtbgk% lvad uka râaeea flnbeatâ h'lvgdltsratgrs+ Bes pgsærakt h'lngrh uka quastbgk prâmuhbdbaeea = quaeâtlbt ea haolkhaur7 Bkdbhaooakt% bes sgueaværakt has hbsdus/

sbgks lddassgbras 3 eaquae has haux plrtbs lvlbt ea hrgbt ha sa

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% Be% <>3 Luùstbk% 6" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% Be% 86/1:+

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BB% >+ 2" enbh+% BB% 9</043 Luùstbk% Nravbd+>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BB% <> at 48+ Dgeeît+% BB% 4+

4" enbh+% BB% <+ <:" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+ %<<<% 8/1 3 Luùstbk%

8" enbh+% Be% 4/03 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/ Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <%<+eêt+% Be% <+ <<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BB% prgŔo+ ‘ Di+

1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% Be% <> 3 Luùstbk% BB% 04+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BB% >+ <>" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >1 a7 3 Luyus/

@" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% Be% <4/<0 3 89+ tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 6% <: 3 Lh Hgkl/<" enbh+% Q% >:/89 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ ebstls pgse Dgeeît+% >2% 82+

Dgeelb+% Be% 4+ <4" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <+




hbra dltfgebqua 7 quaeea prgdâhura havlbt/gk subvra 7 Ileelbt/be

leeâùar has taxtas ha e'Adrbtura% gu has hgduoakts punebds7 K'y

lvlbt/be pls prasdrbptbgk% ea hâelb ha qultra ogbs âtlkt axpbrâhapubs egk`taops7 Ha plrt gu h'lutra% gk prghubslbt has pbædasha tgut àkra = e'âhbt h'Fgkgrbus% el raquíta has Dltfgebquashaolkhlkt el Dgkiârakda% eas bkstrudtbgks raobsas legrs ê eaurs

hâputâs% eas @astl prlaiadtgrbl ha ^lvakkas ak 8:9% eas prgdæs/varnlux ha 8:4% musqu'ê el suppebqua has hbssbhakts ê Dgkstlk/tbk ak 4<4 '+ Ea prâsbhakt sa hânlttlbt ak vlbk lu obebau ha das

dflssas/drgbsâs% ha das gnstrudtbgks at ha das dfbdlkas 3 be k'lr/

rbvlbt oíoa pls ê ilbra ebra musqu'lu ngut el peuplrt has hgdu/oakts bkvgquâs+ Ole`râ tgut% eas lvgdlts has sdfbsoltbquasdgoobrakt has olelhrassas% at% hlks e'aktrlëkaoakt ha el pgeâ/obqua% elbssærakt âdflppar has hâdelrltbgks bopruhaktas gudgktrlhbdtgbras 2

+ E'akquíta sur ea haolkhaur% ê elquaeea bes

ravaklbakt slks dassa% eas rloakl bksaksbneaoakt lux quastbgksassaktbaeeas 4

+ Eas Hgkltbstas axb`ærakt qu'gk eót aktbæraoakteaur eattra sykghlea% râhb`âa el vabeea ak râpgksa lu olkhltuoha eaurs lhvarslbras '

= el hbsdussbgk oíoa ha datta eattra aut

pgur dgksâquakda uk egk` hânlt sur eas prâtaktbgks rbvleashas haux plrtbs% sur eas dlrldtæras ha e'Aèbsa ukbvarsaeea% surea sdfbsoa at el parsâdutbgk% sur e'aksaonea has pgbkts qub dgks/tbtulbakt el Dlusl Addeasbla-+ Eas lddusltbgks has Hgkltbstasdgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà loakærakt el hbsdussbgk sur el

Dlusl Dlddbeblkb% d'ast/ê/hbra sur eas grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa at eas

dbrdgkstlkdas ha el ruptura + Ole`râ tgutas eaurs gnstrudtbgks%at ak dfardflkt ê asqubvar ea hânlt% eas lvgdlts has hbssbhaktslvlbakt

aux/oíoas%slks ea

vguegbr% pgsâ eas hauxquastbgks

hgkt elsgeutbgk bopgrtlbt 3attguseaurslrùoaktslvlbakttgurkâdgktra aux% lvlbakt plrigbs ilbt rbra ê eaurs hâpaks 0

+ Ea dgo/obsslbra bopârble âtlbt hâsgrolbs ibxâ3 be hâdelrl degs eas hânlts+Be bkvbtleas âvíquas has haux plrtbs ê sa ratbrar% pubs eas ibt

raktrar pgur eaur ebra sl saktakda 6+ D'âtlbt el dgkhlokltbgk hu

Hgkltbsoa+

<"Dgeelb+

Dlrtfl`+%UUe%<1/>>:3 Luùs/ pbtuel

@astgruo%BBB%

>6>/4i83 Luùstbk%ebk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >+ > ) BBB% 0% 6+ Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% s+ bG f BBB+ <<% >4+

>" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <9% 9" Dlpbtuel @asegruo% BBB% + 3 < -b / 1 0 6 3

>6 3 Lh Hgklebsels pgse Dgeeît+% >% >3 4% Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8 ê

4 = b+ 8/13 <:% <83 <>% <tb3 <2% >1+ BBB% >8% 8>+

4" Lu ustbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 9%0 3 0" Luùstbk% Nravbd Dgeel +% o% >:%

<<% >=t+ 463 Lh Hgklebstls pgse Dgeeît+% 4<% 18+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >16 3 Luùstbk% 6" Dlpbtuel b+astgruo% BBB% 161/1603Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% UeU% 6% <:+ Eu Sustbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >1% 84+

1" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >12/>6<3 Dl/




Dgkhlokltbgk tfâgrbqua tgut h'lngrh% olbs qub nbaktøt sa

trlhubsbt plr has prasdrbptbgks eâ`leas at plr has ilbts+ Olrdae/ebkus lhrassl lussbtøt sgk rlppgrt ê e'aoparaur <

% at iut lutgrbsâ

slks hguta ê tbrar eas dgksâquakdas pgebtbquas ha sl saktakda+Ea >9 mubk% be prgoueùl at ibt liibdfar ê Dlrtflà uk âhbt haprgsdrbptbgk dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa >

+ Eas hbssbhakts ak lppaeæraktê Fgkgrbus eub/oíoa 4

+ Bes aktraprbrakt lussb uka dlopl`ka haplopfeats at ha sarogks dgktra eas Dltfgebquas% surtgut dgktraOlrdaeebkus qu'bes ldduslbakt ha plrtblebtâ at ha vâklebtâ-+ E'ao/paraur eaur râpgkhbt plr el dgkstbtutbgk hu 4: mlkvbar 8<>% qub

âtlbt e'lrrít ha ogrt ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua = râvgdltbgk hasoasuras lktârbauras ha tgeârlkda3 dgkibroltbgk ha tgutas eas

egbs ha râprassbgk3 grhra ê tgus Hgkltbstas% deards gu elçquas%

ha ravakbr lu Dltfgebdbsoa3 ak dls ha hâsgnâbsslkda% loakhasvlrblkt saegk ea rlk`% pubs dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks 3 dfîtboaktsdgrpgraes pgur eas asdelvas at eas dgegks 3 hâpgrtltbgk has deards 3

lttrbnutbgk lux Dltfgebquas has âèbsas at lutras booauneas qub

lvlbakt lpplrtaku lux dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas 1+

âstlbt e'axâdutbgk+ E'aoparaur ak dflràl sbouetlkâoakteas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks at has dgoobsslbras spâdblux+ Be

grhgkkl lux `guvarkaurs ha oattra ak oguvaoakt eas ol`bs/trlts has dbtâs% h'lppuyar eas âvíquas dltfgebquas qub ravakhb/qulbakt eas nlsbebquas% at ha vabeear ê e'lppebdltbgk bktâ`rlea hasegbs+ Eas `guvarkaurs prgoueùærakt has âhbts ak da saks = tae

âtlbt% plr axaopea% e'âhbt ha Oldahgkbus% vbdlbra h'Lirbqua ak8<8 9

+ Olbs gk sa sguvaklbt hu plssâ = gk sa hâiblbt hu zæea hadas lhobkbstrltaurs ha dlrrbæra% rakhus pruhakts plr e'axpâ/

rbakda% at akdebks ê asqubvar eas raspgkslnbebtâs ha da àkra+ Gkakvgyl hgkd ak Lirbqua has làkts axtrlgrhbklbras% dflr`âsspâdbleaoakt ha ilbra axâdutar eas egbs dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ Dasdgoobsslbras bopârblux% das làkts h'axâdutbgk &axa aut gras"%

leelbakt ha hbgdæsa ak hbgdæsa pgur prítar olbk/igrta luxâvíquas at râtlnebr plrtgut e'ukbtâ+ Ea praobar ha das dgoobs/slbras iut Olrdaeebkus% ea prâsbhakt ha el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% qub

âtlbt akdgra ak Lirbqua haux lks peus tlrh 0+ Be aut prgnlneaoakt

pgur suddassaur Dladbeblkus% qub% ak 8<4% elkàl uk âhbt dgktra

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 83 BBB% >2+ 493 Lh Hgkltbsels pgst Dgeeît+% <% < 3

>" Ahbt dgksarvâ% lvad ea tbtra bkaxldt ha 8% 9 3 <<% <1 3 <>% <9 = <4% <0 3 <9% >: 3 <0%

Taktaktbl Dg`kbegrbs% ê el subta has >< 3 <2% >13 >4% 423 48% 10 3 41% 163 Zgs/@astl Dgeeltbgkbs+ sbhbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% <9+

4" Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <>% <9 3 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1>+ / Di+ Lu/Zgssbhbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% <1+ ùstbk% Apblb+ <61% 2% 49+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% < at <>3 â/ 9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <11% 8% <0+

trldt+% Be% 99= Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 0" Apbst+ <44% </43 <42% </>3 <1<% 8/2+








ha 8<>% ea ebvra Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeltbgkao+% gò be râiutlbt eas

dlegokbas has âvíquas hbssbhakts <

% at% dbkq lks peus tlrh% ea Ha

dgrradtbgka Hgkltbstlruo% gò be axpgslbt dgopeætaoakt lu dgotaNgkbilda sl tfâgrba sur el eâ`btbobtâ has egbs ha râprassbgk 1

+ <<

dgonlttlbt hbradtaoakt has Hgkltbstas bktrlksbàlkts% dgooaAoarbtus ha Dlaslral at @luhaktbus ha Xflou`lhb'+ Be subvlbtha præs eas âvâkaoakts% lppeluhbsslbt lux suddæs ha sgk Âèbsa%

pgrtlbt pelbkta dgktra eas vbgeakdas has Dbrdgkdaeebgks ha sgkhbgdæsa% survabeelbt eas prgdæs qub sa hârguelbakt ê Dlrtbelà-+

Datta hgunea dlopl`ka% has âvíquas dltfgebquas at has làktsha e'aoparaur% aut has râsuetlts hâdbsbis+ Eas dgkvarsbgks iuraktbkkgonrlneas3 ha « `rlkhas ouetbtuhas ³ ravbkrakt ê e'Âèbsa 1

+

Da ravbraoakt ha el igb pgpuelbra ast lttastâ plr has ilbts prâ/dbs% plr eas Ŕuvras h'Luùstbk% plr eas Ldtas has Dgkdbeas+E âvíqua h'Fbppgka iut legrs ak dgrraspgkhlkda lvad has rle/

ebâs ha Dgkstlktbka% lvad has prítras at lutras deards dgkvartbshas akvbrgks h'Fbppgka% lvad uka lkdbakka raeb`bausa sdfbs/

oltbqua 9+ Ha da taops hlta akdgra uk durbaux hgduoakt% gò

e'gk subt e'âvgeutbgk ha e'îoa pgpuelbra = el prgiassbgk ha igb

h'uk Hgkltbsta râdgkdbebâ lvad e'Âèbsa 0+ Has dbtâs aktbæras raha/

vbkrakt dltfgebquas = dgooa Dlaslral ak Olurbtlkba 6% dgooa

Iusslel præs h'Fbppgka 2+ Eas dgkdbeas hurakt prakhra has oa/

suras spâdbleas pgur bktrghubra das kguvalux/vakus hlks eas

dlhras addeâsblstbquas' 3 gk hut oíoa drâar has hbgdæsas%dgooa daeub ha Iusslel .+

Ole`râ das suddæs rlpbhas% e'ukbibdltbgk raeb`bausa rakdgktrlnbak has râsbstlkdas% at k'ak trbgopfl pls plrtgut+ Ea Hgkl/

tbsoa sa olbktbkt hlks kgonra ha egdlebtâs% surtgut ha Kuobhbaat ha Olurâtlkba% gò eas plrtbslks ha el râdgkdbebltbgk âtlbakt

ak obkgrbtâ% at gò el iguea âtlbt tarrgrbsâa plr quaequa tgut/

pubsslkt ilkltbqua '/+ El peuplrt has âvíquas at has deards rastâ/

rakt gnstbkâoakt ibhæeas ê e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt% hgkt bes hâiak/

hlbakt el dlusa ê dgups ha sarogks at ha plopfeats e3+ L e'gd/

<" âerldt+% BB% 99+ 6" @astl duo Aoakeg% >+

>" Bnbh+% Be% 08= Apbst+ <61+ 2" Apbst+ >:'+"% >+

4" âtrldâ+% Be% 0>3 00= 61+ <:" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+

8" Apbst+ <44% B3 <48% >3 <42% </>3 <<0/<<2+egb% 4/2+ <<" Luùstbk% Apbse+ >:2% >+

=b" « Bktaktas agrubk oueebeuhbkas ³ <>" Apbse+ <61% 0% 4:+

&Apbst+ >:8% U ‘ Di+ Apbst+ <61% >%03 <4 Apbst+ <8<%< at <>3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

4% <43 <61% T% 4>/443 Dgktrl @lu/ BBB% <6% 493 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeelb+%

hakebuo% e% >8% >0 3 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Lu/ <% < 3 8% 9 3 <<% <13 <>% <9=<4%<0=<0%ùstbkb% >< = <2% ib

3 41% 163 âtrldt+% Be%

9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8>= <<8= >:6+ 99 3 Zgssbhbus+ Ybtl Luùstbkb% <9+

0" Tarog 49:+





2> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

Gk dgoprakh qua e'luhlda ha das ilkltbquas at eaurs iârgdasraprâslbeeas lbakt sguvakt bktbobhâ eaurs lhvarslbras+ Dartlbks

âvíquas dltfgebquas% hlks eas râ`bgks gò eas sadtlbras rastlbaktpubsslkts% ogktrlbakt pau h'aoprassaoakt ê râtlnebr e'ukbtâ%

oøoa qulkh uk dgoobsslbra bopârble vaklbt eaur giirbr sgkdgkdgurs = eas dgkdbeas hurakt bktarvakbr% at oattra eas fâsbtlktsak haoaura h'l`br% sgus pabka h'axdgooukbdltbgk gu ha hâpg/sbtbgk '+ Hlks e'âtâ ha 8<4% eas Hgkltbstas râussbrakt ê sa vakàrha e'fgooa qub lvlbt hâdflëkâ el parsâdutbgk = ea prâsbhakt hael Dgkiârakda ha 88<+ Ea dgota h'Lirbqua Farldeblkus lvlbtdfardfâ ê sa rakhra bkhâpakhlkt% at lvlbt oíoa taktâ ukahasdakta ak Btleba+ Ea dgota Olrbkus% qub e'lvlbt vlbkdu% pgur/subvb hlks sl iubta at ilbt axâdutar ê Dlrtflà% trlqulbt akLirbqua eas plrtbslks hu ranaeea+ Olrdaeebkus at sgk iræra

Lprbk`bus% e'lkdbak prgdgksue% âtlbakt akdgra eê 3 gk eas slvlbtak oluvlbs taroas lvad Olrbkus+ Eas haux iræras iurakt hâ/

kgkdâs dgooa dgopebdas h'Farldeblkus 3 gk eas lrrítl% gk bks/

trubsbt vbvaoakt eaur prgdæs% at% ole`râ e'bktarvaktbgk hasâvíquas dltfgebquas% ole`râ e'lppae lhrassâ ê ^goa% gk eas ibt

axâdutar plr surprbsa ea <4 saptaonra 8<4'+ Gk ka hgutl pgbktqua eas hâkgkdbltaurs iussakt has Hgkltbstas 4

+ Ak tgut dls% eas

sdfbsoltbquas trbgopfærakt nruylooakt 3 bes prâtakhbraktoíoa qua el dgkhlokltbgk ha Olrdaeebkus aktrlëklbt daeea hasas ldtas% e'lkkueltbgk ha sl saktakda ha 8<< at has âhbts haprgsdrbptbgk-+

E'aoparaur drut havgbr dgupar dgurt ê das nrubts% at prakhraha kguvaeeas oasuras dgktra eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks+ Hâmê% ea

>< olrs 8<4%be

lvlbt dgkibroâ eas egbs lktârbauras dgktra dauxqub ranlptbslbakt gu sa ilbslbakt ranlptbsar 1+ Ea <0 mubk 8<8% be

grhgkkl ê eueblkus% prgdgksue h'Lirbqua% h'akeavar eaurs hrgbts

dbvbes lux sdfbsoltbquas% h'lttrbnuar eaurs âèbsas lux Dltfg/ebquas% ha hâpgrtar eaurs âvíquas at eaurs deards% h'bkiebàr has

loakhas lux dgktravaklkts saegk eaur rlk`% has dfîtboaktsdgrpgraes lux asdelvas at lux dgegks + Zlr uka lutra dgkstbtu/

tbgk% hltâa hu 4: lgót 8<8% at lhrassâa akdgra lu prgdgksue eu/

eblkus% be spâdbibl axprassâoakt qua el dgkhlokltbgk at el ogrtha Olrdaeebkus k'aopídflbakt pls qua el saktakda ha 8<< aótsgk peabk aiiat% at ka dflkàlbakt rbak lux oasuras prasdrbtas <

+

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbt bk+ Apbst+ <1<% 8 at <<+

<>4/<>8+ 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 11+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <1<% 4/2+ 1" Bnbh+% VYB% të% 9+

4" Mârøoa+ Lhv5;rsus Za lyblkgs% ebt% 9" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% 18+

s+ i+= Grgsa% YBB% U¼+ ‘ l+ egù ebk+ <" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% 11+




Ea >1 lgót 8<1% be grhgkkl h'liibdfar ha kguvalu ê Dlrtflà el

egb ha 8<:% irlpplkt ha el prgsdrbptbgk gu ha el pabka dlpbtlea

tgus fârâtbquas qub tbakhrlbakt has lssaoneâas <+ Ea 9 kgvaonra

8<1% be akmgb`kbt ha pgursubvra tgus eas sadtlbras qub prltb/

qulbakt ea sadgkh nlptíoa = dgkibsdltbgk has olbsgks gò sa

râukbsslbakt das fârâtbquas% hâpgrtltbgk ha qubdgkqua elbssarlbt

ranlptbsar% at has deards qub ranlptbsarlbakt gu prgdâharlbakt ê

has grhbkltbgks gu prâsbharlbakt has lssaoneâas% bktarhbdtbgk

lux fârâtbquas ha ilbra gu ha radavgbr has hgkltbgks gu has

ea`s >+ Da iurakt eas harkbæras egbs h'Fgkgrbus qub vbslbakt gu

lttab`klbakt eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks+ Olbs% hbx lks peus tlrh%ha kguvaeeas dgkstbtutbgks iurakt prgoueùâas plr sgk suddas/

saur Yleaktbkbak BBB% gu ak sgk kgo+ Ea 9 mubeeat 8>1% ea prg/dgksue h'Lirbqua @agr`bus raàut e'grhra ha prgsdrbra tgutas eas

fârâsbas at tgus eas sdfbsoas 4+ Ea 9 lgót ha el oíoa lkkâa%

uka egb akmgb`kbt h'axpuesar has vbeeas tgus eas fârâtbquas gusdfbsoltbquas '+ L el vabeea oíoa ha e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea% ea

4: olb 8>6% uka harkbæra dgkstbtutbgk dgkibrol eas egbs lktâ/

rbauras ha râprassbgk = rastbtutbgk has âèbsas lux Dltfgebquas%

hâiaksa lux fârâtbquas h'lvgbr sur ea sge rgolbk luduk ebau

h'lssaoneâa gu ha prbæra% loakhas dgktra daux qub grhgkka/rlbakt has deards% bktarhbdtbgk has tastloakts gu has hgkltbgks%hâiaksa ha ranlptbsar% axbe at loakhas lux dgktravaklkts% oa/klda h'bkiebàr eas oíoas pabkas lux `guvarkaurs qub k'lssu/

rarlbakt pls e'axâdutbgk ha el egb

Das prasdrbptbgks sâværas plrlbssakt lvgbr stboueâ ea zæea has

làkts bopârblux dflr`âs hâtrlquar ea Hgkltbsoa+ Haeaurdøtâ%

eas âvíquas dltfgebquas dfardflbakt ê ldfavar e'Ŕuvra h'ukbtâ%ak râgr`lkbslkt eaurs dgoouklutâs lddruas plr eas dgkvarsbgks%

ak râèlkt eas hbiibduetâs kâas ha das dgkvarsbgks oíoas at hael kgk/dgçkdbhakda has âvídfâs has haux plrtbs+ Hlks uk dgkdbea

ha Nyzldæka% ea >8 eâvrbar 8<6% gk rlppael qua el râdgkdbebltbgk

has sdfbsoltbquas dgkvartbs havlbt sa ilbra tgumgurs plr e'bo/

pgsbtbgk has olbks 9+ Ea dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà hu < ar olb 8<6

lrrítl tguta uka sârba ha oasuras bopgrtlktas raeltbvas lux

dgkvarsbgksat ê el hâebobtltbgk has hbgdæsas+ Be ibxl eas prbkdb/

pas h'lpræs easquaes gk havlbt lttrbnuar ê tae gu tae hbgdæsadltfgebqua eas lkdbakkas plrgbssas sdfbsoltbquas+ Be hâtarobkleas dgkhbtbgks hu plrtlà has âèbsas% hlks uk oíoa hbgdæsa%

aktra e'âvíqua dltfgebqua at e'âvíqua hgkltbsta dgkvartb+ Gk

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 19+ 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 98+

>" Bnbh % VYB% 1% 16+ 1" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% 91+

4" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% 94+ 9" Iarrluhus% Nravbltbg dlkgkuo% <08+



:8 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

hâdbhl akdgra qu'be y lurlbt prasdrbptbgk% trgbs lks lpræs qu'ukalkdbakka plrgbssa sdfbsoltbqua lurlbt âtâ rlttldfâa ê uk hbg/

dæsa+ Akibk% e'gk akmgb`kbt ê tgus eas dfais ha dgoouklutâ% qub

k'âtlbakt pls akdgra ak ræèa% ha supprboar ea sdfbsoa hlkseaur vbeea+ Tb e'âvíqua kâèbà ha pgursubvra ea râtlnebssaoaktha e'ukbtâ% sas dgeeæùas hu vgbsbklà havrgkt eub lhrassar has

raogktrlkdas+ Tb hlks uk hâelb ha sbx ogbs% at ole`râ el prâ/

sakda h'uk dgoobsslbra bopârble% be k'l pls lkâlktb ea sdfbsoa%be sarl axdgooukbâ musqu'ê aktbæra axâdutbgk ha el egb+ Zgurhâmguar ea pelk ha dartlbks âvíquas pau sdrupueaux qub dfar/

dflbakt akdgra ê oâklàr eas haux plrtbs% gk oaklàl ha hâpg/sbtbgk tgut âvíqua qub prâtakhrlbt ilussaoakt lvgbr rastlurâhlks sgk hbgdæsa e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa <

+ E'lkkâa subvlkta% ea

>1 olb 8<2% uk lutra dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà râukbt at dgkibroleas dlkgks raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa% vgtâs plr eas lssaoneâas lk/

târbauras >+ Da iut hâsgrolbs% pgur eas Lirbdlbks% ea dgha ha

e'ukbtâ dltfgebqua+Eas harkbæras hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea ha 8<6 ogktrakt kattaoakt

qua eas grhras h'Fgkgrbus k'lvlbakt pls akdgra âtâ axâdutâs

plrtgut+ Ak ilbt% musqu'ê el ibk hu vba

sbædea% be sunsbstarl hasdgoouklutâs hgkltbstas = gu das dgoouklutâs k'gkt mlolbsâtâ hbssgutas% gu aeeas sa sgkt radgkstbtuâas lpræs el tguroakta+Ole`râ e'lppub hu pguvgbr sâduebar% e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua ka râus/

sbt pls ê âvbkdar ea sdfbsoa hlks dartlbks hbstrbdts ha Kuobhbaat ha Olurâtlkba+ Ak+ 8<6 gu 8<2% lu obebau ha el parsâdutbgk%tlkhbs qua eas dgkdbeas dltfgebquas ha Dlrtflà akra`bstrlbakt

eas dgkvarsbgks% uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta% taku ak Kuobhba% râukbt

akdgra peus ha trakta âvíquas+ At das sdfbsoltbquas asdgoptlbaktuka ravlkdfa = uk dlkgk vgtâ plr aux hâdbhl qua eas âvíquasat prítras hgkltbstas dgkvartbs plr igrda gntbakhrlbakt eaur

`rîda at dgksarvarlbakt eaur hb`kbtâ hlks e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt% s'bes

k'lvlbakt kb giibdbâ kb prídfâ hlks uka nlsbebqua has « trlhb/

taurs ³+ Nbak obaux% das parsâdutâs% el peuplrt prgsdrbts ha eaur

hbgdæsa% dgktbkulbakt ê grhgkkar ha kguvalux âvíquas 4+ Akibk%

e'gk sb`klea akdgra ak 8<6 has vbgeakdas ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks-+

Zgur vlbkdra datta râsbstlkda hâsaspârâa% ea pguvgbr sâduebar

taktl% vars 8>:% uk kguvae aiigrt+ L da ogoakt% has dgoobs/slbras bopârblux sgkt akdgra ê e'l[uvra ak Kuobhba3 e'uk h'aux%

ea trbnuk Huedbtbus% prgoueùl haux âhbts sur e'lppebdltbgk has

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l Pd+%dlu+ <<0/ 4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% <% 40

<<23 <>4/<>8+ 80/86+

>" Bnbh+% dlk+ >03 80/86 = 103 99/9,b= 6+ b = 8" @astl duo Aoarbeg% <>+

2</28= 2,"3 <:9/<:0= <<0/<<23 <>4/<>8+




egbs ha râprassbgk% at s'aiigràl ha rastlurar e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa

hlks uk has vbaux daktras hu Hgkltbsoa% ê Xflou`lhb '+ Datta

kguvaeea dlopl`ka ka iut pls stârbea+ Huedbtbus eub/oíoa plreaha dgkvarsbgks lssaz kgonrausas >

3 plrob eas rleebâs% be dbta

kgtlooakt uk dartlbk @lnbkus% slks hguta ea parsgkklà ha da

kgo qub lvlbt lssbstâ ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8< < dgooa âvíquahbssbhakt ha Yaàsael 4

+ Has Dbrdgkdaeebgks oíoas iurakt tgu/

dfâs ha el `rîda% at rakgkdærakt ê eaur vba arrlkta ha nrb`lkhspgur sa raoattra ê duetbvar eas dflops '+

Olbs nbak has bktrlksbàlkts s'aktítærakt musqu'lu ngut+ Nalu/dgup h'âvíquas lvlbakt iub eaur vbeea% at sa dldflbakt gò bes pgu/vlbakt3 plrigbs% eaurs ibhæeas k'gslbakt hgkkar lsbea ê das prgs/

drbts gu ê das axbeâs vgegktlbras 1+ Zlrob aux% kgus radgkklbs/

sgks peusbaurs has dfais hu plrtb% olkhltlbras ha eaurs dgeeæùas

ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< = Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% Aoarbtusha Dlaslral% @luhaktbus ha Xflou`lhb+ Ea praobar lssbstlbt

akdgra% ak 8<6 gu 8<2% lu dgkdbea ha Kuobhba.3 pubs% be hbsplrlët

ha e'fbstgbra+ Aoarbtus% â`leaoakt% âtlbt rastâ bktrlbtlnea+ Lpræsel Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% be lvlbt dfardfâ ê rleebar sgk plrtb

plr uka lrhakta prâhbdltbgk% gò be ka oâklàlbt pls eas Dltfg/ebquas 0

+ Yars 8<9% Luùstbk% qub e'astbolbt% eub lvlbt hâhbâ ukguvrlà 6

+ Dapakhlkt% Aoarbtus lvlbt vu tgus sas ibhæeas e'lnlk/

hgkkar3 be sa taklbt grhbklbraoakt lux akvbrgks ha Dlaslral%

hlks uka ratrlbta sóra3 plrigbs% be s'lvakturlbt hlks eas ruas ha

sl vbeea âpbsdgplea 2+ D'ast lbksb qu'Luùstbk put ea rakdgktrar

ak 8<6 sur el pelda ha Dlaslral% at ea prgvgquar ê uka hbsdus/

sbgk% qub ibt `rlkh nrubt ak Lirbqua <:+ H'lbeeaurs% e'bktlrbsslnea

lvgdlt ha 8<< lvlbt mguâ hlks datta hbsdussbgk ukrøea prasqua

ouat = havlkt eas quastbgks at eas gnmadtbgks ha sgk dâeænra lh/

varslbra% be s'âtlbt akiaroâ hlks uk sbeakda ilrgudfa .+ \ulkt ê

@luhaktbus ha Xflou`lhb% hgkt e'lttbtuha lvlbt âtâ sb aiildâa

ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà eb%

be k'lvlbt pls hlvlktlà ilbt plr/

ear ha eub hlks eas lkkâas qub subvbrakt+ Nrusquaoakt% vars

<" ApbsE >:8% 43 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% Dlaslb aaksbs Addeasbl7 p anao% 93 Dgk/B% <% < 3 <2% >< 3 4<% 8: 3 âtrldt+% Be% 61+ Brl @luhaktbuo% B% <8% <1+

>" Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <<% <>3 <>% <:" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <9 3 Lu/<4 3 44% 8>/84+ ùstbk% âtrldt+% BB% 00 3 @astl duo Aoa~

4" Dgeeît+ Dlreflrm+% B% <41 at <6<+ rbeg% 4 <>+

8" Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <<" Luùstbk% @astl duo Aoarbtg% >/83

>2% 44+ Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <8% <1 3 Zgssb/

1" Bnbh+% B% <8% <13 <9% <0 3 <6% <2+ hbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <9+

9" Bnbh+% B% 40% 80+ <>" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <% <86 at >:63 BB%

0" @astl duo Aoarbtg% >+ > at <> 3 BBB% > at <:> 3 Luùstbk% âtrldt+%

6" âtrldt+% Be% 0>+ Be% 613 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% 4% 8 3 BB%

2" @astl duo Aoarbtg% < 3 Tarog lh 8% 8+




8>:% be havbkt ea fârgs ha e'Âèbsa parsâdutâa+ Lpræs eas âhbts haHuedbtbus% qulkh gk vgueut eub prakhra sl nlsbebqua% be oaklàlha s'y nróear lvad sas ibhæeas <

+ Kgus ka slvgks s'be l hgkkâ subta

ê da prgmat3 olbs be aut akdgra ea taops h'âdrbra has eattras lutrbnuk at ha sgutakbr uka pgeâobqua dgktra e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka >

+

L døtâ ha das bktrlksbàlkts qu'gkt beeustrâs eaurs dgktrgvarsaslvad Luùstbk% ak vgbdb h'lutras ak Olurâtlkba% has bkdgkkus%hgkt e'axbstakda at e'gnstbkltbgk kgus gkt âtâ râvâeâas klùæraplr has hâdguvartas âpb`rlpfbquas = Kaoasslkus% âvíqua hbs/

sbhakt h'Lel Obeblrbl% at sl sŔur Buebl @aebgel% uka raeb`bausa%

tgus haux ogrts hlks e'lutgoka ha 8>>% at tgus haux hlks e'bo/

pâkbtakda sdfbsoltbqua 4+ Zræs ha eaur dlvalu iukârlbra% nbak

h'lutras Hgkltbstas% âvgquas gu deards% sgkt vakus peus tlrhhgrobr eaur harkbar sgooabe% havlkt ea dfavat h'uka nlsbeb/

qua kauva dgksldrâa ê uka kguvaeea olrtyra ha el sadta UZlrob eas dgkvartbs oíoas% naludgup k'âtlbakt rleebâs qu'ak

lpplrakda+ Eaur igb dltfgebqua% sguvakt bopgsâa% ka pguvlbt sa

sgustrlbra dgopeætaoakt ê e'ldtbgk has vbaux sguvakbrs at hasflnbtuhas lktârbauras3 aeea rastlbt ê el oardb has âvâkaoakts+

\ulkh Luùstbk% ak 8<6% aktrlëklbt Aoarbtus hlks e'âèbsa haDlaslral% eas lkdbaks ibhæeas ha e'akrl`â Hgkltbsta saoneæraktfâsbtar aktra ea prâsakt at ea plssâ = slks ea outbsoa gnstbkâh'Aoarbtus% slks e'âegquakda at e'flnbeatâ h'Luùstbk% eas dfgsaslurlbakt pu tgurkar lutraoakt.+ Kgus dgkklbssgks h'lutras bkhb/

das ha dat âtlt h'asprbt% ha datta flktbsa has vbaux sguvakbrs% dfazeas rleebâs+ Yars 8>>% eas dgkvartbs ha Iusslel dlusærakt tlkt hatrldls ê e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka% qu'be plrel ha hâobssbgkkar.+ Yars8>:% Ybkdaktbus Ybdtgr% Fg`ltbsta dgkvartb% dltfgebqua ha kgo%dgksarvlbt uk vârbtlnea dueta Stgur el oâogbra ha sgk olëtraYbkdaktbus% âvíqua rg`ltbsta ha @lrtakkl at `rlkh pgktbia ha el

patbta sadta = be rastlbt sb ibhæea lux bhâas ha da sdfbsoltbqua%qu'be ea dgksbhârlbt dgooa uk slbkt at ea vgylbt ak sgkà 0

+

Ak râsuoâ% ole`râ el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% ole`râ eas egbs

ha prgsdrbptbgk at eas dgoobsslbras bopârblux% ole`râ el prg/pl`lkha dltfgebqua at e'âkar`ba h'Luùstbk% ea Hgkltbsbka vbvlbt

akdgra ê el vabeeâ ha e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea+ Olbs be vaklbt hâplssar

plr has âprauvas lussb tarrbneas qua mlhbs% lu obebau hu bv sbædea3be lvlbt âtâ irlppâ sb huraoakt% at sb egk`taops trlquâ% qu'be ka

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhakebuo% B% <% de 8> = D+ + ;+% YBBB% ><10</><108+<= âtrldt+% <<%61+ b Luùstbk% @astl duo Aoarbtg% </>3

>" Apbst+ >:8% B at 23 âtrldâ+% <<%613 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% Uu+

5Wb%b;Bb/be @luhaktbuo% B% <% < = <<% <>+ 9" Luùstbk% Apbse+ >:,³% <:+

4" D+ <+ ++% YBBB% ><40:+ 0 «• lkbol 5e amus grb`bka% BBB+ /'+

8" @saee% Igubeeas ha Nakblk% p+ >> ><



LEX XAOZT HA TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 20

pguvlbt ùæra sa raeavar slks uk dgkdgurs prasqua axtrlgrhb/klbra ha dbrdgkstlkdas træs ilvgrlneas+ Das dbrdgkstlkdas s'âtlbakt

prâsaktâas plr obrldea lpræs rahbt h'ukbgk ha Dgkstlkt% `rîdaê el plrlhgxlea râldtbgk ha e'aoparaur Muebak3 aeeas ka havlbaktpeus sa prâsaktar lpræs eas âhbts h'Fgkgrbus+ Zakhlkt nbak has`âkârltbgks akdgra% ea Hgkltbsoa dgksarvarl has lhaptas3 olbsbe ka râussbrl peus ê rlssaonear ak uk vârbtlnea dgrps h'Âèbsasas oaonras âplrs Lttabkt ogrtaeeaoakt ak 8<<% be râsbstarltgut musta lssaz pgur oattra haux sbædeas ê ogurbr+

Ea Hgkltbsoa hlks e'Lirbqua vlkhlea at nyzlktbka+ ‘ Zarsbstlkda hu sdfbsoa akKuobhba at ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ El nlsbebqua at eas âpbtlpfas hgkltbstds h'Lel Obebl/rbl% ak Dâslrbakka+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa Eâgk B lux âvæquas ha Olurâtlkba% ak 889+‘ Hgkltbstas ê Klrngkka% ak 816+ ‘ Guvrlàs ha e'âvæqua kuobha Lsdeapbusdgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ âdaksbgks hgkltbstas hu Ebnar àkalegùs+ ‘ Lutrastâogb`klàs sur ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Ea Ebnar ha prgobssbgkbnus at prlahbdtbg/kbnus Hab+ ‘ Zatrus Dfrysgegùs+ ‘ Xfâghgrat+ ‘ Ybdtgr ha Ybtl+ ‘ Lvbtus+

‘ Hgkltbstas ê Eygk% vars 1:>+ ‘ Iueàkda ha ûspla at e'Lrbak Ilstbhbgsus+‘ Ahbt ha Mustbkbak dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Xâogb`klàs haDlssbghgra% ha Iarrlkhus at ha Drasdgkbus+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsoa ak Kuobhbaê el ibk hu vb a sbædea+ ‘ Bktarvaktbgk hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh+ ‘ Eattralux âvæquas ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Eattra ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus+ ‘ Zrgdæs h'Lr/àktbus% âvæqua ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra eas Hgkltbstas ak12t+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa ê e'âvæqua Dgeuonus+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Olxboblkus% âvæquaha Zuhaktblkl+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Kuobhba ak 12> at 124+ ‘ Ybgeakdas has sdfbsol/tbquas+ ‘ Egbs ha e'aoparaur Xbnæra Olurbda dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Zelbktalhrassâa plrea plpa lu prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua+ ‘ Liilbra ha e'âvæqua Zlueus%vbdtboa has bktrbùas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Kguvaeeas eattras hu plpa l e'axlrqua @ak/klhbus at ê has âvæquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflà at ha Kuobhba dgktraeas Hgkltbstas ak 128+ ‘ âquíta hu plpa ê e'aoparaur ak 129% pgur haolkhare'lppebdltbgk has egbs dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Harkbæras eattras ha @râ`gbra ea

@rlkh% raeltbvas lu Hgkltbsoa+

Be kgus rasta ê subvra el egkùa l`gkba hu Hgkltbsoa hlkse'Lirbqua vlkhlea gu nyzlktbka+ Gk l sguvakt râpâtâ qua eas

sdfbsoltbquas% parsâdutâs plr e'Âtlt rgolbk at plr e'Aèbsa dltfg/ebqua% lvlbakt ilbt dlusa dgoouka lvad eas nlrnlras akvlfbssaurs+L vrlb hbra% da k'ast eê qu'uka fypgtfæsa fbstgrbqua% qu'ludukilbt prâdbs ka dgkibroa kb ka hâoakt+ Be ilut slks hguta hbstbk/

ùar aktra eas râ`bgks at aktra eas taops+ Eê gò eas hbssbhaktsâtlbakt akdgra kgonraux at igrolbakt has `rgupas dgopldts%hlks peusbaurs hbstrbdts ha Olurâtlkba at ha Kuobhba% be ast vrlb/

saonelnea qua eas Hgkltbstas at eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks subvbrakte'axaopea has bkhb`ækas% qu'bes sa ruærakt lvad eas nlrnlras sureas pgpueltbgks dltfgebquas at sur eas hâiaksaurs ha el dbvbebsl/

BY b



26 EÂ@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

tbgk rgolbka+ Kgus slvgks qua eâ dear`â iut plrtbduebæraoaktvbsâ lu dgurs ha e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea = gk bkdakhblbt% gk rlslbt eas

nlsbebquas% gk olssldrlbt gu e'gk tgrturlbt eas âvíquas at easdeards '+ Gk paut suppgsar qua eas Hgkltbstaska iurakt pls âtrlk/

àrs ê das sluvlàs axâdutbgks% hapubs egk`taops ilobebæras êeaur sadta+ Dapakhlkt% e'gk ka hgbt pls gunebar qua eas Ylkhleasâtlbakt Lrbaks = el flbka has Lrbaks dgktra e'Âèbsa suiibrlbt ê

axpebquar e'ldflrkaoakt tgut plrtbduebar dgktra eas deards luobebau has fgrraurs ha el dgkquíta+ Hlks el plrtba grbaktlea hae'Lirbqua eltbka% ak Zrgdgksuelbra% ak Nyzldæka% ak Xrbpgebtlbka%

be k'axbstlbt peus ùæra ha vârbtlneas dgoouklutâs sdfbsol/tbquas = eas rlras hbssbhakts% parhus lu obebau has Dltfgebquas%

ka purakt mguar uk røea nbak bopgrtlkt hlks e'fbstgbra ha e'bk/

vlsbgk << ast ê kgtar% h'lbeeaurs% qua el ebttârltura ha da taopsast ouatta sur el prâtakhua leeblkda has parsâdutâs lvad eas

Ylkhleas = hlks eas eattras gò be ogktra eas nlrnlras s'lvlkalktvbdtgrbaux at slddlàlkt tgut% gò be pabkt eas hâslstras ha tgut

àkra% eas âèbsas rlsâas% eas deards olssldrâs% eas pgpueltbgksak iubta% Luùstbk ka plrea mlolbs has Hgkltbstas '/'+

Gk k'ak hgbt pls dgkdeura% lssurâoakt% qua eassdfbsoltbquask'lbakt mlolbs slbsb e'gddlsbgk ha sa vakàr+ Olbs be ast prg/nlnea qua das vakàlkdas iurakt has bkdbhakts bsgeâs% egdlux%slks luduk pelk h'aksaonea+ H'lbeeaurs% naludgup has sdfbs/

oltbquas% surtgut eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% âtlbakt has bkhb`ækas =

eas luxbeblbras lirbdlbks has Ylkhleas aussakt âtâ sguvaktaonlrrlssâs ha hbra s'bes pbeelbakt dgooa bkhb`ækas gu dgooasdfbsoltbquas+ Qka igbs el dgkquíta tarobkâa% be saonea nbak

qua eas kguvalux olëtras lrbaks hu plys ka sa sgbakt pls obsak pabka ha hbstbkùar aktra eas sadtas% at qu'bes lbakt trlquâtgus eas kgk/lrbaks% eas Hgkltbstas dgooa eas Dltfgebquas% eas

plçaks gu eas Olkbdfâaks 4+

Dapakhlkt% e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea hut dgktrbnuar bkhbradtaoaktê sluvar da qub rastlbt hu Hgkltbsoa+ Aeea râhubsbt ê e'bopubs/

slkda eas haux `rlkhs akkaobs hu sdfbsoa = e'Âtlt rgolbk% qubparhbt pau ê pau sas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua%qub iut ê sgk tgur druaeeaoakt parsâdutâa% at qub% pakhlkt uksbædea% hut rakgkdar ê rbak aktraprakhra dgktra sas lkdbakslhvarslbras+ E'Lirbqua iut ak prgba ê e'lklrdfba3 surtgut eas

prgvbkdas gddbhaktleas% eas Olurâtlkbas at el Kuobhba% qua eas

B" Ybdtgr +ea Ybel% <% 8/<:3 <1 <63 >4 b; Luùstbk% Apbst+ >>:% 03 >>6% < << =

Olebk3 Luùstbk% Apbît+ >>63 Zgssbhbus% Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% 46 at 8<+

Ybtl Luùstbkb% 46 h 8<3 Zrgspar Xbrg% 4" Ybdtgr ha Ybtl% B% '+/<:3 <1/>43 >6/1< =

Apbegol Dfrgkbdgk% a+ <4>0% lhlkk 840+ Be% </>3 >4 at subv+ 3 BBB% </<8+



LZ^ÆT TLBKX LQ@QTXBK 5"2

akvlfbssaurs ka râussbrakt pls ê gddupar sgebhaoakt% at qu'besibkbrakt oíoa plr âvlduar ak `rlkha plrtba% elbsslkt ea dflopebnra lux trbnus bkhb`ækas at lux sadtas raeb`bausas+ Ea Hgkl/tbsoa prgibtl klturaeeaoakt ha datta lklrdfba pgebtbqua+ Easdgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas qub lvlbakt râsbstâ lux parsâdutbgksh'Fgkgrbus% dgktbkuærakt ê vbvra gnsdurâoakt+ H'lutras% slkshguta% sa radgkstbtuærakt plr ea ratgur h'lkdbaks ibhæeas%

klùæra dgkvartbs ha igrda gu ê haob% olbktaklkt ebvrâs êaux/oíoas% slks drlbkta has egbs bopârbleas% plr el nrusquahbsplrbtbgk hu pguvgbr daktrle at ha el prâhbdltbgk dltfgebqua+

Kâlkogbks% rbak k'lutgrbsa ê drgbra qu'be y lbt au legrs% êprgpraoakt plrear% rastlurltbgk gu râsurradtbgk hu Hgkltbsoa+Be k'ast peus quastbgk hâsgrolbs h'uka vârbtlnea Aèbsa sdfbs/oltbqua% igrolkt dgrps% âtakhlkt sas rlobibdltbgks at sgkldtbgk sur tgut ea Kgrh ha e'Lirbqua% kb oíoa sur uka plrtbadgksbhârlnea ha el dgktrâa+ Kgus dgkstltgks saueaoakt el survb/vlkda ha dgoouklutâs bsgeâas% sguvakt igrt âegb`kâas eas ukashas lutras% slks ebak lpplrakt% qub paut/ítra s'b`kgrlbakt aktraaeeas = sbopeas âplvas hu kluirlà ha 8<<+

Da qub ast dartlbk% d'ast qua has tâogb`klàs prâdbs% pak/hlkt peusbaurs `âkârltbgks% lttastargkt ak Lirbqua el prâsakdaha Hgkltbstas3 d'ast qua has Aèbsas sdfbsoltbquas trlfbrgkt guliibroargkt egk`taops akdgra eaur axbstakda% ak Olurâtlkbamusqu'lu obebau hu vi sbædea% ak Kuobhba musqu'ê el ibk hu vr +

Ak Olurâtlkba% e'bkvlsbgk has Ylkhleas k'lvlbt pls râdgkdb/ebâ eas sadtas rbvleas+ H'lbeeaurs% eas nlrnlras ka s'âtlbakt ùæralttlrhâs hlks eas prgvbkdas ha e'Guast3 bes s'âtlbakt dgktaktâs haeas pbeear ak eas trlvarslkt% pubs bes eas lvlbakt lnlkhgkkâas êaeeas/oíoas% sa fîtlkt vars e'Ast% gò eas lttbrlbakt e'lppae hudgota Ngkbilda% el rbdfassa has pgpueltbgks% at ea rakgo haDlrtflà+ Eas harkbæras nlkhas ha Ylkhleas hbsplrlbsslbakt ê

e'fgrbzgk% qulkh el ùarra raeb`bausa radgooakàl+ Kgus lvgksquaequas hgkkâas prâdbsas sur e'uk has âpbsghas ha datta eutta%

`rîda lux râdaktas hâdguvartas âpb`rlpfbquas at lrdfâgeg`bquash' Ybl Obeblrbl &lumgurh'fub âkblk% ê akvbrgk trakta/dbkq cbeg/

oætraslu Tuh/Ast ha Olsdlrl"+ Da dgbk parhu ha el Olurâtlkbaiut% pgur eas Hgkltbstas% uk patbt daktra ha râsbstlkda+ Kgus

y lvgks hâmê sb`kleâ ea dlvalu iukârlbra ha haux bktrlksbàlktshu plrtb = e'âvíqua Kaoasslkus at sl sŔur% el raeb`bausa euebl

@aebgel% ogrts ea >> hâdaonra at ea 0 gdtgnra 8>> '+ \uaequaslkkâas lpræs ea hâplrt has Ylkhleas% gk aksavaebt hlks has

<" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% ><10:+



<:: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

dlvalux vgbsbks haux lutras sdfbsoltbquas = ea >< saptaonra844% ea prítra Ybdtgr <

3 ea >0 iâvrbar 848% ea prítra Drasdaks-+ Qk

ogbs lpræs eas iukârlbeeas ha @rasdaks% eas haux plrtbs akvbkrakt lux olbks = hlks el nl`lrra% ea >1 olrs 848% uka raeb/

`bausa hgkltbsta% kgooâa ^gnnl% sŔur h'Fgkgrltus% e'âvíquahbssbhakt h'Lqula Tbraksas% iut tuâa plr eas trlhbtgras% d'ast/ê/

hbra plr eas Dltfgebquas 4+ Gk ibt lussbtøt h'aeea uka olrtyra% at

e'gk hâdbhl h'âeavar uka nlsbebqua ak sgk fgkkaur+ Dat âhbibda%

hgkt gk vbsbta akdgra eas rubkas% iut dgkstrubt aktra eas lkkâas848 at 8423 gk y loâklàl uka drypta% h'gò% plr uka iakítra%

eas hâvgts pguvlbakt dgktaopear e'bktârbaur hu tgonalu ha el

slbkta at vâkârar sas raebquas U Da iut nbak vbta uk ebau sldrâpgur eas hbssbhakts ha el dgktrâa+ Hâsgrolbs% eas deards ha el

vbeea% oíoa has dbtâs gu has ngur`lhas vgbsbkas% vgueuraktgntakbr uka sâpuetura præs hu tgonalu ha el olrtyra+ Ha 84:ê 889% haux âvíquas% uk prítra at uk hbldra% iurakt tgur ê tguraksavaebs præs ha ^gnnl% sgbt hlks has dlvalux vgbsbks% sgbt

hlks ea pgrdfa ha el nlsbebqua 4+

Da ka sgkt pls eas saueas prauvas qua kgus lygks ha el par/

sbstlkda hu Hgkltbsoa ak das râ`bgks lu obebau hu v a sbædea+

Be ast akdgra quastbgk hu sdfbsoa hlks uka eattra lhrassâa ea

<: lgót 889 plr ea plpa Eâgk B lux âvíquas ha Dâslrbakka+ Lel subta h'uka dgkvaktbgk aktra e'aoparaur rgolbk at eas Ylk/hleas% el Olurâtlkba lvlbt âtâ% pgur quaequas lkkâas% rlttldfâaha kguvalu ê e'Aopbra 9

+ Ea plpa prgibtl ha datta dbrdgkstlkdailvgrlnea pgur asslyar ha rastlurar at ha râgr`lkbsar hlks ea

plys e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ H'gò sl dgrraspgkhlkda lvad eas

âvíquas ha Olurâtlkba Dâslrbakka+ Gk eub lvlbt sb`kleâ% aktralutras% ea dls h'uk âvíqua kgooâ Olxbobkus = Hgkltbsta râ/

daooakt dgkvartb% qub% âtlkt akdgra elçqua% lvlbt âtâ nrusqua/oakt âeavâ ê e'âpbsdgplt% at hgkt e'grtfghgxba plrlbsslbt sus/

padta ê naludgup ha sas kguvalux dgeeæùas+ Ea plpa k'gsldlssar e'âeadtbgk+ Olbs be neîol da dfgbx boprâvu% at be axbàlhas `lrlktbas = Olxbobkus havlbt eub lhrassar uka prgiassbgkha igb kattaoakt dltfgebqua <

+ Dat bkdbhakt âdelbra e'âtlt h'as/

prbt qub hgobklbt legrs hlks dartlbkas dgoouklutâs ha Olurâ/tlkba = eas ibhæeas at eas deards qub lvlbakt pu sgkàr ê prakhra

<" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% ><g~b+ 9" Zbgspar Xbrg% Apbtgol D brgkbdgk%

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quas ha e'Le`ârba% B+ Be% p+ <01/<02+ Olrtrgya% @aksârbd &Zlrbs% <2:0"% p+ <41+

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Igubeea- ha Nakblk% p+ >>/>0 at 8>+



LZ^ÆT TLBKX LQ@QTXBK <:<

pgur âvíqua uk Hgkltbsta ê pabka dgkvartb% at akdgra elçqua%

havlbakt ítra aux/oíoas has Dltfgebquas lssaz tbæhas% flktâsplr ea ra`rat hu sdfbsoa+Hguza lks peus tlrh% kgus rakdgktrgks has Hgkltbstas ha

Olurâtlkba nbak egbk ha eaur plys% sur e'lutra rbva ha el Oâhb/tarrlkâa% hlks uk pgrt ha @luea% ê Klrngkka+ D'ast akdgra êel dgrraspgkhlkda hu plpa Eâgk B qua kgus havgks da raksab/`kaoakt at datta surprbsa+ Ha kgonraux Lirbdlbks% iuylkt el

parsâdutbgk has Ylkhleas% s'âtlbakt râiu`bâs hlks ea obhb ha el

@luea3 el peuplrt vaklbakt ha Olurâtlkba+ Gk sgupàgkklbtnaludgup h'aktra aux h'ítra has sdfbsoltbquas% gu% tgut luogbks% has sdfbsoltbquas hâùbsâs% rleebâs saueaoakt ak lppl/rakda% nlptbsâs gu ranlptbsâs plr has deards hgkltbstas+ ûstbdus%âvíqua ha Klrngkka% sb`klel ea dls ê ^goa% at haolkhl hasbkstrudtbgks+ Hlks uka eattra âdrbta ak 816% ea plpa ak`làle'âvíqua ha Klrngkka ê subvra surda pgbkt el trlhbtbgk rgolbka%havakua pau ê pau e'uslà dltfgebqua = gk havlbt takbr pgurvlelnea ea nlptíoa raàu plr eas Lirbdlbks% olbs gk havlbt eas

râdgkdbebar lvad e'Âèbsa plr e'bopgsbtbgk has olbks% pgur lp/paear sur aux e'Asprbt Tlbkt qub ka râpgkhlbt pls lux lhmurl/tbgks has fârâtbquas <

+ H'lpræs eas dbrdgkstlkdas hu râdbt% be ast

prgnlnea qua das sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks ha Klrngkka âtlbaktrâdaooakt lrrbvâs ak @luea 3 bes lvlbakt hó âob`rar aktra 811at 816% lpræs ea sld ha ^goa plr eas Ylkhleas% egrsqua @aksârbd%k'lylkt peus ê rahgutar e'bktarvaktbgk ha e'Aoparaur% rahgunelha drulutâ akvars sas sumats kgk/lrbaks+

Ak Kuobhba dgooa ak Olurâtlkba% has dgoouklutâs hbssb/

haktas sunsbstlbakt lpræs e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea+ Aeeas âtlbakt oíoaakdgra lssaz raoulktas pgur bkqubâtar eas âvgquas dltfgebquas%ê qub pgurtlkt eas kguvalux olëtras lrbaks ha el dgktrâa kaelbsslbakt ùæra ha râpbt+ Yars ea obebau hu U. sbædea% LsdeapbusLiar% âvíqua kuobha qub lvlbt ha el râputltbgk dgooa grltaur%âdrbvbt suddassbvaoakt dgktra eas Lrbaks at dgktra eas Hgkl/tbstas >

+

Dlrtflà% â`leaoakt% lvlbt akdgra sas dardeas sdfbsoltbquas3

at oíoa% be y râ`klbt uka dartlbka ldtbvbtâ ebttârlbra+ Kgus aklvgks el prauva hlks peusbaurs plsslàs durbaux h'uka dfrg/kbqua+ Be s'l`bt hu Ebnar àkaleg`ks% gò e'gk paut hbstbkùarkattaoakt peusbaurs radaksbgks suddassbvas% tgutas hgkltbstas+

Tgus sl igroa praobæra% dat guvrlà plrlët lvgbr âtâ dgopgsâvars el ibk hu bv a sbædea% slks hguta plr uk Dltfgebqua+ Be iut

<" Apbst+ <90% <6+ >" @akklhbus% Ha sdrbptgr+ âdgeas+% 04+



<:> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

raolkbâ at dgopeâtâ ê Dlrtflà% aktra 8:1 at 8<<% plr uk sdfbs/

ol tbqua qub y lmgutl uk egk`/ âpbegùa sur eas parsâdutbgks% kg/

tlooakt sur e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1 at sur el parsâdutbgk hbrb`âaeas lkkâas subvlktas dgktra e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt <

+ Datta kguvaeeaâhbtbgk hu Ebnar `âkâleg`bas rastl pgpuelbra dfaz eas sdfbsoltb/quas ha Dlrtflà% at iut aeea/oíoa e'gnmat ha peusbaurs radak/sbgks suddassbvas% lttastâas akdgra plr hbvars olkusdrbts+ Dfl/duka ha das radaksbgks dgktbakt quaequas lhhbtbgks kguvaeeas%plr axaopea% has bkhbdltbgks dfrgkgeg`bquas% eas lkkâas haræ`ka ha @aksârbd3 da qub paroat ha eas hltar axldtaoakt /+

Xgutas sgkt e'Ŕuvra ha Hgkltbstas+ Ha el dgoplrlbsgk has ol/kusdrbts% be râsueta qua eas sdfbsoltbquas ha Dlrtflà hgkkæraktsuddassbvaoakt ha kguvaeeas âhbtbgks hu Ebnar àkalegùs ak8>0% ak 846% ak 811% ak 894+ Gk ak paut dgkdeura âvbhaooaktê e'axbstakda h'uka Âèbsa hgkltbsta ê Dlrtflà musqua vars el

ibk hu ræ`ka ha @aksârbd+Tur el râsbstlkda hu vbaux sdfbsoa hlks e'Lirbqua vlkhlea%

vgbdb akdgra h'lutras tâogb`klàs dgktaopgrlbks+ E'lutaur huEbnârâa prgobssbgkbntbs at prlahbdtëgkbnus Hab% guvrlà dgopgsâak Lirbqua vars 81>% oaktbgkka plrob eas fârâsbas akdgra vb/

vlktas daeea has Hgkltbstas% at oøoa daeea has Olxboblkbstas%hgkt kgus k'lvbgks ùæra aktakhu plrear hapubs 8O 4

+ Yars ea

oíoa taops% hlks uk sarogk% Zatrus Dfrysgegùs rlbeea eas

olrtyrs hgkltbstas -+ Yars 814% olbs slks hguta h'lpræs eas eb/

vras h'Luùstbk% Xfâghgrat râhbà uka kgtbda sur eas sdfbsol/tbquas lirbdlbks% sur eaur hgdtrbka qu'berlpprgdfahae'Lrblkbsoa%sur eaurs olrtyras vgegktlbras qu'be rlbeea hlks h'louslktas

lkadhgtas 1+

Eas parsâdutbgks ha @aksârbd at has Lrbaks% pls peus quadaeeas h'Fgkgrbus at has Dltfgebquas% k'axtbrpærakt dgopeætaoaktea Hgkltbsoa+ E'âhbt h'Fukârbd% prgoueùâ ê Dlrtflà ea ><

iâvrbar 868% prgsdrbvlbt lvad ea Dltfgebdbsoa tgutas eas sadtas

kgk lrbakkas3 eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks y sgkt axprassâoakt irlppâsh'uka loakha 9

+ Be ast prgnlnea qua% plr da taroa bkmurbaux hal Dbrdgkdaeebgks ³% el dflkdaeearba vlkhlea hâsb`klbt tgus eas

Hgkltbstas+ Zlr uka tarrbnea brgkba% dat âhbt h'Fukârbd% hbrb`âsurtgut dgktra eas Dltfgebquas% raprghubslbt ak `rlkha plrtba

eas delusas has lkdbakkas egbs prgoueùâas mlhbs plr eas aopa/

<" Ebnar y/kalegùs% d+ 9>0 &âhbtbgk <4% >>+

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tbgkbnus Hab% BB% D% <:+ ‘ &'&+ bnbh+% BY%





<:8 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

Nrai% ea Hgkltbsoa dgoptlbt akdgra ak Lirbqua% qulkh e'lr/

oâa ha Nâebslbra vbkt ak hâegàr eas Ylkhleas+ Lussb ka iut/be

pls gunebâ plr eas Nyzlktbks hlks el râgr`lkbsltbgk hu plys+E'âhbt Tur e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% prgoueùâ plr e'aoparaur Mustb/

kbak ea < ar lgót 141% at lhrassâ ê Tgegogk% prâiat hu prâtgbra

h'Lirbqua% vbsa axprassâoakt eas Hgkltbstas% dgooa eas Lrbaks%

eas Mubis gu eas plçaks = be eaur bktarhbt igroaeeaoakt ha nlptb/

sar% h'grhgkkar has âvgquas gu lutras deards% ha pgssâharluduk âhbibda ha dueta% ha dâeânrar luduka dârâogkba raeb`bausa%

« oøoa hlks has dlvarkas ³e

+ Ak oíoa taops% ea Dgha Mttstb/

kbdmb dgkibrolbt eas egbs lkdbakkas dgktra ea sdfbsoa >+ Be âtlbt

hlks ea hastbk has Hgkltbstas h'ítra prgsdrbts = trlquâs h'lngrh

plr eas Dltfgebquas lvad eas fârâtbquas at eas plçaks% pubs plr

eas Ylkhleas lvad eas Dltfgebquas% bes ea iurakt hâsgrolbs plr

eas Nyzlktbks lvad eas Lrbaks+ At pgurtlkt% bes râsbstærakt

akdgra+ Yars ea obebau hu vb a sbædea% Dlssbghgra rakhlbt fgo/olà ê eaur vbtlebtâ ak eas dgonlttlkt% ak hbsdutlkt eaur

tfâgrba sur eas dlrldtæras ha e'Âèbsa ukbvarsaeea 4+ Ak da taops/

eê% lussb% haux lutaurs lirbdlbks% Iarrlkhus at Drasdgkbus%

hlks eaurs raduabes systâoltbquas ha dlkgks% râukbsslbakt lvadsgbk eas hâdbsbgks has lkdbaks dgkdbeas raeltbvas lu Hgkltbsoa=lroas tgumgurs prítas pgur el ùarra lu sdfbsoa tgumgurs

vbvlkt <+

Akibk% d'ast prasqua sur uk trbgopfa qua ea Hgkltbsoa hbs/

plrlëtrl ha e'fbstgbra+ Be y lvlbt præs ha haux sbædeas qua el

Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà at el dflkdaeearba h'Fgkgrbus lvlbakthrassâ sgk ldta ha hâdæs% qulkh tgut ê dgup% gk ka slbt dgo/

oakt% be sa râvabeel ak Kuobhba% sa rlolssl sur eub/oíoa% sarâgr`lkbsl% pubs raprbt sl prgpl`lkha% `l`kl hu tarrlbk% raha/

vbkt oaklàlkt+ Be bkqubâtl sârbausaoakt ea plpa @râ`gbra ea

@rlkh% qub hlks sl dgrraspgkhlkda trlfbt sguvakt sas prâgddu/pltbgks% at qub% pakhlkt præs ha hbx lks% oakl uka vb`gurausadlopl`ka dgktra ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk+

E'lttaktbgk hu plpa @râ`gbra iut lttbrâa ha da døtâ hæs eas

praobars mgurs ha sgk pgktbibdlt+ Qk dgkdbea dltfgebqua haKuobhba lvlbt lhrassâ uka raquíta ê sgk prâhâdassaur Zaelà BB%

pgur râdeloar ea olbktbak has lktbquas prârg`ltbvas ha el prg/

vbkda+ Zaelà iut surprbs plr el ogrt lvlkt h'lvgbr purâpgkhra+ Ea kguvalu plpa axlobkl el raquíta% at el trguvl

<" Mustbkbak% Kgvaee+ VVVYBB%1 at 6+ 8" Iarrlkhus% ^ravblebg dlkgkuo% dlk+

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4" Dlssbghgra% Bk Zsleo+ 9: at 99+ >6: 3 >68+



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mustbibâa+ 'Lu ogbs h'lgót 12<% plr uka eattra lhrassâa ê tgus

eas âvíquas ha Kuobhba%be dgkibrol eas prbvbeæàs trlhbtbgkkaes

ha eaur Âèbsa% kgtlooakt ak da qub dgkdarklbt e'âeadtbgk huprbolt3 olbs be eaur bktarhbt ha kgooar prbolt uk Hgkltbsta

dgkvartb'+ Hlks e'bktarvleea% be lvlbt prgnlneaoakt grhgkkâuka akquíta sur el sbtultbgk hu sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% hgkt be lvlbt

pu dgkstltar eas prg`ræs+ Be âdrbvbt hbradtaoakt lu pltrbda

@akklhbus% axlrqua h'Lirbqua at dgoolkhlkt ha tgutas eas

trgupas ha el dgktrâa% pgur e'ak`làr ê dgonlttra ea Hgkl/tbsoa

1

+ Da iut ea sb`kle h'uka kguvaeea parsâdutbgk+

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh lvlbt vu musta+ Nbaktøt eub lrrbværakth'Lirbqua has pelbktas ha Dltfgebquas% qub lttastlbakt e'luhlda

drgbsslkta has sdfbsoltbquas at hâogktrlbakt el kâdassbtâ

h'l`br+ Ea plpa raàut ha Kuobhba uka lutra raquíta = hauxhbldras ha Elob``b`l% Iaebdbssbous at Ybkdaktbus% ldduslbakt

eaur âvgqua Lràktbus ha s'ítra elbssâ dgrrgopra plr eas Hgkl/tbstas% qub lvlbakt pu ilbra kgooar gu âebra has prítras ha eaur

plrtb+ @râ`gbra dflràl e'uk ha sas làkts% uk dartlbk Fbelrus%

lhobkbstrltaur hu hgolbka pgktbibdle ak Lirbqua &radtgr pltrb/ogkbb par Lirbdlkt"% h'guvrbr uka akquíta sur eas oâilbts

boputâs ê Lràktbus% ha ea ilbra muàr plr ea dgkdbea ha Kuob/hba% at h'lssurar e'axâdutbgk ha el saktakda.+ Ea prgdæs aut ebau

havlkt ea dgkdbea% vars el ibk ha 12<+

E'lkkâa subvlkta% ea plpa aut ê s'gddupar h'uka liilbra lkl/egùa% peus `rlva oíoa+ Qka kguvaeea raquíta lrrbvl

h'Lirbqua = Dgkstlktbus at Oustaeus% hbldras ha Zuhaktblkl%lkkgkàlbakt qua eaur âvgqua Olxboblkus s'âtlbt vakhu luxHgkltbstas ha sgk hbgdæsa at eas lvlbt lutgrbsâs ê âebra ukâvíqua hbssbhakt+ Ea >4 mubeeat 12>% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh âdrbvbt ê

e'âvíqua Dgeuonus% qub mgulbt legrs hlks el dgktrâa ea røea

h'uk eâ`lt pgktbibdle = be e'bkvbtlbt ê s'aktakhra lvad sgk prboltLhaghltus pgur ilbra dgkvgquar uk dgkdbea qub bkstrubrlbt ea

prgdæs ha Olxboblkus% pgur hâpgsar Olxboblkus% s'be âtlbt

radgkku dguplnea% at pgur prakhra eas oasuras kâdasslbrasdgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas 8

+ Ea dgkdbea hut sa râukbr vars el ibk

ha 12>% at muàr ea prâelt3 kgus ka dgkklbssgks pls% h'lbeeaurs%el saktakda+

Ak 124% eas âvíquas ha Kuobhba tbkrakt uk kguvalu sykgha%gò bes s'gddupærakt slks hguta hu Hgkltbsoa+ Olbs datta lssao/neâa plrlët lvgbr dgoptâ plrob sas oaonras has âvíquas

<" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% <1 &âhb/ >" Apbst+% B% <>+

tbgl Awleh at Flrtolkk% Narebk% <62</ 4" Apbst+% B% 6>+

<622% hlks eas Ogkuoakel @arolkbla"+ 8" Apbst+% BB% 89+




`l`kâs plr eas sdfbsoltbquas at sgudbaux ha oâklàr ea

sdfbsoa+ Xgumgurs ast/be qua eas hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea iurakt

mu`âas brrâùebæras ê Fgoa+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh raiusl ha eas

lpprguvar+ Be drut oíoa havgbr sb`klear ea dls lu pguvgbrsâduebar+ Ak saptaonra 124% be âdrbvbt ê e'axlrqua @akklhbuspgur eub hâkgkdar e'lttbtuha suspadta has Kuobhas% at pgure'bkvbtar ê s'aktakhra eê/hassus lvad e'âvíqua Dgeuonus% ê

e'lppuyar lu nasgbk '+

Ak lttakhlkt% eas Hgkltbstas s'akflrhbsslbakt ha peus akpeus+ Kgk dgktakts ha sâhubra gu h'ldfatar has âvíquas dltfg/

ebquas% ha ilbra kgooar has prítras at h'âebra has âvíquas êaux% h'aktrlvar e'ldtbgk has dgkdbeas râukbs pgur eas dgonlttra%bes `l`klbakt eas pgpueltbgks plr uka ldtbva prgpl`lkha at

gslbakt oíoa parsâdutar eaurs lhvarslbras% dgooa lux naluxtaops ha Hgklt gu ha Zlroakblkus Bes ranlptbslbakt guvarta/oakt% ha `râ gu ha igrda 3 bes dflsslbakt ha eaur sbæà has

âvíquas dltfgebquas3 bes râ`klbakt plr el tarraur hlks ukaplrtba ha el Kuobhba+ Bes pgursubvlbakt surtgut ha eaur flbka at

ha eaurs dlegokbas uk âvíqua hu plys% kgooâ Zlueus >+ Ea

plpa hâsaspârl h'lrrbvar ê sas ibks slks e'bktarvaktbgk iaroa hae'lutgrbtâ dbvbea at obebtlbra+ Be suppebl e'aoparaur XbnæraOlurbda ha vakbr lu sadgurs ha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka+ Lu obebau hae'lkkâa 128% dat aoparaur prgoueùl dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa ukaegb sâværa% qub raoattlbt ak vbùaur eas lkdbaks âhbts h'Fgkgrbusatha Mustbkbak 4

+ Ea plpa survabeel e'axâdutbgk+ Ak mubeeat

128% be âdrbvbt ê Zlktleâgk% prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua% pgureub sb`klear eas oâilbts has sdfbsoltbquas% pgur ea prassar ha

râprboar eaur luhlda% at ha prgtâàr dgktra eaurs bktrbùase'âvíqua Zlueus 8

+ Be s'lhrassl â`leaoakt ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus%at eub radgoolkhl ea oíoa parsgkklà <

+ Be akvgyl lussb sas

bkstrudtbgks ê e'âvíqua Dgeuonus% ê e'âvíqua Ybdtgr qub havbktpeus tlrh prbolt ha el prgvbkda = be eas bkvbtl ê ilbra dgkvgquaruk kguvalu dgkdbea% at ê fîtar ea hâplrt ha Zlueus pgure'Btleba-+

Haux dgkdbeas dltfgebquas sa râukbrakt ak Lirbqua vars el ebk

ha e'âtâ ha 128=

e'uk ê Dlrtflà% e'lutra ak Kuobhba+ Xgushaux s'gddupærakt hu Hgkltbsoa+ Kgus ka slvgks rbak ha prâdbssur e'lssaoneâa has Kuobhas 0

+ Kgus sgooas obaux raksab/`kâs sur e'lutra sykgha% qua prâsbhl Hgobkbdus% âvíqua ha

<" Aibbst+% BY% 0+ 1" A_%bse+% YB% 12+

>" Apbst+% BY% 4>+ 9" Apbse+% BY% 41+

4" Apbst+% Y 43 YB% 9<+ <" Bnbh+% BY% 41+

8" Apbst+% BY% 4+'+



LZ^ÆT TLBKX LQ@QTXBK <:0

Dlrtflà+ Da dgkdbea prbt igrt lu sârbaux sl tîdfa3 be lrrítl has

oasuras rb`gurausas dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas 3 be oaklàl oíoaha hâpgsbtbgk at ha dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks eas âvgquas dltfg/

ebquas qub kâèbàrlbakt ha pgursubvra eas Hgkltbstas+ Hgobkb/dus akvgyl lussbtøt lu plpa eas dlkgks hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà%

qub havlbakt lssurar e'axâdutbgk has egbs ha Xbnæra Olurbda+

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh trguvl qu'gk âtlbt leeâ trgp egbk% at qua el

rbùaur axl`ârâa has hâdbsbgks sykghleas rbsqulbt h'ak dgoprg/oattra ea suddæs+ Hlks sl râpgksa% qub hlta hu ogbs ha sap/

taonra 12b% be iâebdbtl Hgobkbdus hu zæea hâpegyâ plr eas

âvíquas ha sl prgvbkda 3 olbs be neîol e'axdæs ha sâvârbtâ%surtgut ea dlkgk qub vbslbt el kgkdflelkda ha dartlbks dfais hadgoouklutâ'+

Haux lks peus tlrh% ea plpa put dgkstltar qua tgutas das

oasuras ha e'aoparaur at has dgkdbeas lvlbakt au pau ha râsue/

tlts+ El prgpl`lkha has Hgkltbstas sa pgursubvlbt lvad uksuddæs drgbsslkt% musqua hlks ea dear`â ha e'Aèbsa giibdbaeea+

Gk lpprbt qua has Dltfgebquas% oíoa has deards% sa rleeblbakt

sadrætaoakt luplrtb has sdfbsoltbquas% at% plr drlbkta% elbs/

slbakt ranlptbsar eaurs akilkts gu eaurs asdelvas+ Ak mubk 129%

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh âdrbvbt% uka igbs ha peus% ê sgk lob e'âvíqua

Dgeuonus% eub sb`klelkt das ilbneassas hâdgkdartlktas% akmgb/

`klkt lux dguplneas ha rloakar hlks e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua daux

has eaurs qu'bes lvlbakt â`lrâs% grhgkklkt h'axdeura hu dear`â

qubdgkqua% ê e'lvakbr% akdgurlàrlbt gu tgeârarlbt hlks sl ilobeea

has lpgstlsbas ha da àkra >+

Qk pau peus tlrh% gk raàut ê ^goa uka kguvaeea kgk ogbkssurpraklkta+ E'axlrqua @akklhbus lkkgkàl lu plpa qua ea

dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% `l`kâ plr eas sdfbsoltbquas% vaklbt ha

elkdar uka saktakda h'axdgooukbdltbgk dgktra eaur vbabe lhvar/

slbra% e'âvíqua Zlueus3 e'axlrqua% qub k'lbolbt pls da parsgk/

klà% plrlbsslbt trguvar el dgkhlokltbgk tguta klturaeea'+

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh% h'grhbklbra sb dleoa hlks sl iaroatâ% aut

pabka ê `lrhar sgk slk`/irgbh+ Be râpgkhbt lussbtøt ê @akklhbus%

lu ogbs h'lgót 12: = be eub raprgdfl ha k'lvgbr taku luduk

dgopta ha sas bkstrudtbgks% lkkgkàlkt qu'be leelbt guvrbr eub/oíoa uka akquíta sur e'liilbra ha Zlueus% s'âtgkklkt lussb qua

el saktakda h'axdgooukbdltbgk ka eub aót pls âtâ kgtbebâa

hbradtaoakt plr ea prbolt ha Kuobhba v+

Ea plpa ka s'ak tbkt pls eê+ Ha kguvalu% be âdrbvbt ê e'aopa/

raur+ Be sa pelb`kbt lupræs ha eub qua e'gk k'lppebquît pls ak

<" ApbsE% Y% 4+ 4" ApbsE% RB% 12 3 YQ%

>" ApbsE% YB% 48+ 8" ApbsE% YB% 12+

2




Lirbqua eas egbs dgktra eas Hgkltbstas3 be ea suppebl ha râprb/

oar akibk e'luhlda has fârâtbquas+ Be axpgsl lussb ê Xbnæra

Olurbda tguta e'liilbra ha Zlueus+ Dat âvíqua% lvad haux ha sasdgeeæùas% vaklbt h'lrrbvar ê ^goa% pgur y pgrtar pelbkta

dgktra eas vbgeakdas has hbssbhakts+ Olbs e'axlrqua h'Lirbqua%ha sgk døtâ% ldduslbt Zlueus+ Ak rlbsgk ha datta bktarvaktbgkhu flut igkdtbgkklbra lirbdlbk% ea plpa drgylbt havgbr sguoat/tra e'liilbra ê e'aoparaur eub/oíoa = be akvgylbt hgkd ê Dgks/tlktbkgpea eas trgbs âvíquas <

+ Yars ea ogbs ha saptaonra%Dgeuonus kgtbibl akibk ê ^goa e'axdgooukbdltbgk elkdâa plr ea

dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra Zlueus>

+

Ak gdtgnra% @râ`gbra ea@rlkh râpgkhbt ê Dgeuonus ak e'lvbslkt hu rakvgb ha e'liilbra

ê e'aoparaur 4+ Lu hânut ha 126% Zlueus ravbkt ha Dgkstlktb/

kgpea% gò be s'âtlbt dgopeætaoakt mustbibâ+ Ak iâvrbar% ea plpaâdrbvbt sbouetlkâoakt ê Dgeuonus at ê haux lutras âvíquaskuobhas% hgkt ea prbolt Lhaghltus% pgur eas bkvbtar ê ldduabe/

ebr slks lrrbæra/paksâa el olefaurausa vbdtboa has Hgkltbstas-+D'ast legrs% ak iâvrbar 126% qua ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk hbsplrlët

hâibkbtbvaoakt ha e'fbstgbra% lpræs trgbs sbædeas h'axbstakda at haeuttas+ Datta hbsplrbtbgk nrusqua su``æra klturaeeaoakt hauxrâieaxbgks+ Be k'ast peus quastbgk hu Hgkltbsoa hlks el dgrras/

pgkhlkda ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% pakhlkt eas sbx harkbæraslkkâas ha sgk pgktbibdlt = gk paut hgkd suppgsar qua% hurlktdas lkkâas/eê% eas hbssbhakts sa tbkrakt peus trlkqubeeas+ Olbs%h'lutra plrt% gk ka paut oâdgkklëtra qua% ha 12: ê 126% eas

safbsolebquas ha Kuobhba s'âtlbakt ogktrâs sbkùebæraoaktldtbis% aktrapraklkts at oaklàlkts+ Lu hânut hu vk a sbædea%

âvbhaooakt% bes hgobklbakt akdgra uka plrtba ha el Kuobhba+Tb hâsgrolbs e'gk k'aktakh peus plrear h'aux% d'ast qua eas

sgurdas fbstgrbquas olkquakt ak Lirbqua pgur datta kguvaeeapârbgha+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qua ea sdfbsoa l hurâ egk`taopsakdgra ak dartlbks hbstrbdts% at qua eas dgkquârlkts lrlnas gktrakdgktrâ ak Lirbqua nbak has dgoouklutâs musqua/eê ibhæeas êe'Aèbsa ha Hgklt+

< ApbsE% YB% &be+ 4" ApbsE% YBB% >+

>" A òsE% YBB% >+ ‘ Di+ YB% <"2+ 8" ApbsE% YBBB% <4 at <1+



AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <:2

YBAxtaksbgk hu Hgkltbsoa at has hbvars sdfbsoas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Kâdassbtâ ha hbstbk/

ùar aktra eas taops+ ‘ Hgolbka hu Hgkltbsoa pakhlkt el pârbgha has grb`bkas+‘ El Kuobhba at Dlrtflà+ ‘ Zrg`ræs hu Hgkltbsoa lpræs el egb ha tgeârlkdaha 4><+ ‘ Ea dgkdbea has >0: âvæquas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Axtaksbgk hu Hgkltbsoahlks eas prgvbkdas ha e'Ast+ ‘ Axtaksbgk ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ El prgpl`lkha hgkl/tbsta+ ‘ @rlkh suddæs hlks tgutas eas delssas sgdbleas+ ‘ Dgkvarsbgk ha deardsdltfgebquas+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsoa at eas bkhb`ækas+ ‘ ^øea ha el elkùa pukbquahlks e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ ‘ Kgonra has âvídfâs hgkltbstas ê el ibk hu bv it

sbædea+ ‘ Dgegkbas hgkltbstas ê ^goa% ak Aspl`ka at ak @luea+ ‘ Zrbkdbpluxdaktras ha el sadta+ ‘ Ogrdaeeaoakt hu plrtb ha Hgklt+ // Ea Hgkltbsoa prg/praoakt hbt+ ‘ Zlroâkblkbsoa gu Zrboblkbsoa+ ‘ Ea ^g`ltbsoa ak Olurâtl/kba+ ‘ Ea sdfbsoa ha Xydgkbus+ ‘ Eas Deluhblkbstas dê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Eas Qrnl/kaksas ak Kuobhba+ ‘ Eas Lrzuàs ak Xrbpgebtlbka+ ‘ Ea Olxboblkbsoa+ ‘Hgolbkas raspadtbis hu Zrboblkbsoa at has sdfbsoas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Bopgr/tlkda raeltbva has Aèbsas lirbdlbkas lu ogoakt ha el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<+

Kgus havbgks subvra musqu'lu ngut el egkùa at hrloltbquafbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa% olrquar sas suddæs at sas ravars% eas

pârbpâtbas âoguvlktas ha sl eutta dgktra ea Dltfgebdbsoa lirb/

dlbk+ âvakgks olbktaklkt lupraobar

sbædea ha datta fbstgbra%

ea saue gò ea sdfbsoa lbt vrlboakt obs ak pârbe e'ukbtâ hudfrbstblkbsoa egdle+ Lpræs lvgbr lssbstâ lu huae has hauxAèbsas rbvleas% pâkâtrgks hlks e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt% pgur akkgtar e'axtaksbgk% eas hbssaksbgks bktastbkas at ea ogrdaeeaoakt%pubs e'gr`lkbsltbgk% eas dlrldtæras at ea røea+

Tb e'gk vaut sa rakhra kattaoakt dgopta ha e'axtaksbgk huHgkltbsoa% be ast bkhbspakslnea ha hbstbkùar aktra eas taops+E'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa kgus l ogktrâ qua sas hastbkâas lvlbaktâtâ træs hbvarsas+ Tb ea peus sguvakt be l ilbt prauva h'uka `rlkhaigrda ha râsbstlkda dgktra el parsâdutbgk% dgktra eas lttlquassuddassbvas gu sbouetlkâas has Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks at has

`guvarkaurs rgolbks% be k'l pu dapakhlkt takbr títa lux raprâ/

saktlkts ha el pubsslkda sâduebæra% qulkh eas aoparaurs gkt auel iaroa vgegktâ h'lssurar e'lppebdltbgk has egbs at ha râtlnebr

e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Qka praobæra igbs% vars ea obebau hu bv a sbæ/

dea% lpræs e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua lvlbt âtâ

prasqua lkâlktba3 aeea ka put sa radgkstbtuar qua `rîda ê elrâldtbgk boprâvua hu ræ`ka ha Muebak+ Xrlquâa ha kguvalu luhânut hu w/ sbædea% aeea râsbstl akdgra ê el parsâdutbgk qub sub/

vbt e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1 3 olbs aeea ka sa raeavl pls hu dgup qubel irlppl lpræs el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<+ Kgus ka ravbakhrgks plssur das pârbghas ha hâdebk% gò ea Hgkltbsoa parsâdutâ sa hâiak/hbt dgooa be put% nlttbt igrdâoakt ak ratrlbta% at lttakhbt hlkse'gonra e'faura h'uka ravlkdfa+ Zgur dgoprakhra ea hlkàr



<<: e'âèbsa hgkltbsëa

træs sârbaux qua ea sdfbsoa ha Hgklt ibt dgurbr ê e'ukbtâ hae'Âèbsa egdlea% be ilut âvbhaooakt oasurar e'âtakhua ha da

sdfbsoa lux âpgquas ha sl peus igrta axplksbgk+ D'ast% h'lngrh%el pârbgha h'âkar`bqua prgpl`lkha qub subvbt e'âhbt ha tgeârlkdaprgoueùâ plr Dgkstlktbk ak 4><+ D'ast% aksubta% el pârbghah'lpg`âa% vars 42:+ D'ast% akibk% el pârbgha ha dgkdaktrltbgk at

h'abçgrt supríoa% ê el vabeea ha el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<+Hæs ea hânut% at lvlkt oíoa el ruptura hâibkbtbva% ea sdfbsoa

iut lssaz oaklàlkt+ Yars ea taops gò sa rleaktbsslbt ak Lirbquael parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% hapubs e'lkkâa 4:8% gk vgbt s'y

hassbkar haux daktras h'gppgsbtbgk+ L Dlrtflà% ea olkbiastahas olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl% eas lddusltbgks at eas bktrbùas dgktrae'âvíqua Oaksurbus% eas lttlquas dgktra e'lrdfbhbldra Dladbeblkus%e'fgstbebtâ h'uka plrtba hu dear`â at has elçquas% e'lttbtuha âqub/vgqua ha Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras% ogktrakt qua ha mgur ak mgur`rgssbsslbt ea plrtb has oâdgktakts'+ Ak Kuobhba% eas syoptgoas k'âtlbakt pls ogbks bkqubâtlkts% dgooa e'lttastakt el

eattra hu prbolt Tadukhus ê Oaksurbus at eas sdækas sdlkhl/eausas ha Dbrtl-+ El ogrt ha Oaksurbus ak 4<<% eas prgtastltbgks

dgktra e'âeadtbgk ha Dladbeblkus% e'lppae lux Kuobhas at eas

bktrbùas ha Eudbeel% aurakt pgur râsuetlt prasqua booâhblth'ukbr eas haux `rgupas h'gppgslkts at h'lssgdbar eaurs rlkdukashlks uka oíoa Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua 4

+ Lu ogoakt ha el ruptura%datta Âèbsa plrlët k'lvgbr dgoptâ h'lhaptas qu'ak Kuobhba at

ê Dlrtflà 8+

Kgus k'lvgks pls ha hgkkâas prâdbsas sur e'bopgrtlkda kuoâ/rbqua hu plrtb ê Dlrtflà+ Olbs eas hbssbhakts% hæs ea hânut%

saoneakt y lvgbr âtâ kgonraux = akkaobs parsgkkaes hu kgu/vae âvgqua% bktrlksbàlkts sbkdæras% plrtbslks has takbgras prâ/vlrbdltaurs% has prítras hâàus at ha Hgklt has Dlsas/Kgbras%drâlturas ha Eudbeel <

+ Zakhlkt el parsâdutbgk ha 4<0% eas sdfbs/

oltbquas ha Dlrtflà gsargkt hâiakhra eaurs nlsbebquas dgktraeas trgupas 9

+ Ak Kuobhba% hæs 4:1% egrs hu Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl%

e"Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <9/>: ebleu +d 3 @asel B% 40% 80+

lpuh ]a7bgpfbbuo%_}+ <28/<29 ]bwsl3:p/ 4" Gptît% B% <0/>:= @a(tl lpuh ]akg/tlt% B% <9/<2 at >8 3 Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 84% pfbeuo% p+ <62 at <28 <29 ]bwsl3 Luùs/1%<8/<93 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% ebk% Apbst+ 84% >% 43 84%9% <03 Dgktrl2>% >:>3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB% <%>3 Drasdgkbuo% <<<%>6% 4> 3 >2% 44 3 Nravbd+BBB% >6% 4>3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >83 Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >93 <9% >23 Lh Hgkl/<4% >13 <8% >9+ ebstls pgst Dgeeît+% >>% 46+

>" Gptît% B% <4/<83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 8" Gpelt% B% <1 at <6/>:+84% >% 43 84% 4% 93 Dgktrl ebttarls Yatb/ '• Bnbh+% B% <T3 Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <9 >:eblkb% B% ><% >43 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% eeleu dBBB% >0% 4:3 Nravbd+ Dke lt+% BBB% <4% >13 9" Zlssbg Qgkkeb% 8/<><1% >0 3 <0% 4</44= Dgktrl &mluhaktbuo%





<<> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

dlpbtlea giibdbaeea% dgooa aeea âtlbt ea daktra ha el vba âdgkg/obqua% bktaeeadtuaeea at raeb`bausa ha tguta el dgktrâa+ D'ast haeê qua% pakhlkt peus ha qulrlkta lks% Hgklt ea @rlkh `guvarklsgk Âèbsa e

+ D'ast eê qua râsbhl tgumgurs ea dfai hu plrtb% at quasa tbkrakt el peuplrt has dgkdbeas+ L Dlrtflà% eas sdfbsoltbquaska plrlbssakt pls lvgbr mlolbs â`leâ ak kgonra eas Dltfgebquas3olbs bes y igrolbakt uka ildtbgk bopgslkta at turnueakta% tgumgursbrrâdgkdbeblnea% at tgumgurs príta pgur e'âoauta+ Bes ibkbrakt plrsa quaraeear aktra aux% surtgut egrs hu sdfbsoa haOlxboblkus-+Yars el ibk hu bv sbædea% easHgkltbstas ha el vbeea âtlbakt hbvbsâs

ak peusbaurs Aèbsas rbvleas% hgkt dflduka lvlbt sgk âvíqua at

trlbtlbt eas lutras hbssbhakts dgooa ha sbopeas Dltfgebquas4

+

Ha Dlrtflà% ea Hgkltbsoa rlygkkl sur e'bktârbaur ha el Zrg/dgksuelbra at sur el Nyzldæka% h'gò e'gk vbt lrrbvar ak 8<< nbakhas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas -+ Ha ngkka faura% eas obssbgkklbrasha Hgklt saoneakt lvgbr âtâ ldduabeebs lvad aoprassaoakt hlksnaludgup ha vbeeas ha Nyzldæka+ D'ast qua hlks da plys gkmleguslbt hapubs egk`taops% at e'gk mlegusl tgumgurs% el suprâ/oltba at eas prbvbeæàs ha e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ E'lhfâsbgk luHgkltbsoa iut hgkd uk

ogyakha s'liirlkdfbr at ha sltbsilbra

ha vbabeeas rlkdukas+ << ast ê kgtar% h'lbeeaurs% qua da saktboaktparsbstl dfaz eas hbssbhakts ha el dgktrâa% tgut ak dflkàlkth'gnmat+ Zrboblkus s'ak lparàut ê sas hâpaks+ D'ast ak Nyzldækaqua sa radrutl surtgut ea plrtb ha Olxboblkus3 eê sa tbkt ea

dgkdbea qub prgkgkàl el hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrboblkus 1+ Xgumgurs

mlegusa ha Dlrtfl a% at% ha peus% bkqubæta hu røea prâpgkhârlkthas Kuobhas hlks el `rlkha Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% el Nyzldækahavbkt ea daktra hu Olxboblkbsoa 9

+ El Xrbpgebtlbka subvbt

e'axaopea ha el Nyzldæka% hgkt aeea âtlbt prasqua uka hâpak/hlkda3 aeea igurkbt has lhfârakts lu Hgkltbsoa% pubs lu Olxb/oblkbsoa3 aeea sa hgkkl oíoa ea euxa h'uk sdfbsoa spâdble 0

+

Kâlkogbks% hlks das trgbs prgvbkdas ha e'Ast% el olmgrbtâ has

dfrâtbaks rastærakt ibhæeas ê el dgooukbgk dltfgebqua U<< ak iut tgut lutraoakt ak Kuobhba+ D'ast ha eê surtgut

qu'âtlbt sgrtb ea sdfbsoa3 d'ast eê qu'be ibt eas prg`ræs eas peus

<" Gptît% BBB% 4+ 1" Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49%

>" Luùstbl% Apbst+ 84% 2%>93 Tarog BB >:3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%eU% 9% 03 Apbst+

bk Zsleo+ 49% <2/>:3 Dgktrl Drasdg/ <8<% 9 3 <61% 8% <0+

kbuo% BY% 9% 0 3 80% 10 3 @astl auo Aoa/ 9" Apbst+ 24% 6% >83 Dgktrl Drasdg/rbtg% 2+ kbuo% BY% 16% 923 Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbs/

4" Ha flpebsog% <<% <<% <93 Dgktrl tuel dgktrl Hgkltbsels% 4% 93 <2% 1<+

;gkbuo% BY% 2% <<3 Tarog BB bk 0" Apbst+ 24% 6% >83 Lh DltfgebdgsZsleo+ 49% >:+ Apbstuel dgktrl Hgkltbsels% 4% 9+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtflrm+% <% Q2/><:+ 6" Apbst+ <>2% 9+



AVXAKTBGK AX TDFBTOAT <<4

rlpbhas at eas peus bkqubâtlkts+ El Kuobhba% hæs e'grb`bka% at

musqu'ê el ibk hu YBa sbædea% iut el igrtarassa hu Hgkltbsoa%qu'gk lppaelbt plrigbs « ea sdfbsoa kuobha ³-+ Lu mgur oíoaha el ruptura hâibkbtbva lvad eas Dltfgebquas% sgbxlkta/hbx âvg/quas ha el râ`bgk âtlbakt ldqubs ê el kguvaeea Âèbsa -+ Bes râus/sbrakt sb nbak hlks eaur prgpl`lkha qua% prasqua plrtgut% eas

pgpueltbgks sa rleebærakt lu plrtb ha Hgklt+ Eas sdfbsoltbquasâtlbakt sb dgopeætaoakt olëtras hlks ea plys% qu'ak tguta gddl/sbgk at plr tgus eas ogyaks% oíoa lux taops has parsâdutbgksdgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% bes parsâdutlbakt eas Dltfgebquas+ Gk eas

vgbt ê e'Ŕuvra hæs eas harkbæras lkkâas hu ræ`ka ha Dgkstlktbk+Bes akeavlbakt legrs ê eaurs lhvarslbras el nlsbebqua ha Dgkstlk/tbka3 at e'aoparaur k'gslbt grhgkkar ha eas ak hâpgssâhar 4

+

Ole`râ eas delusas igroaeeas has dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas% bes

lstrab`klbakt eas deards dltfgebquas lux dflràs ha el durba 8+

Lux ogoakts drbtbquas ha eaur fbstgbra% d'ast ak Kuobhba quaeas Hgkltbstas sa sgkt ea obaux hâiakhus+ Lux taops gò el igr/

tuka eaur sgurblbt% d'ast ha eê qu'bes plrtlbakt pgur el dgkquíta

gu ea rlvlà has lutras prgvbkdas+ Eê sa igroærakt das nlkhasha Dbrdgkdaeebgks qub% ê tlkt ha raprbsas% tarrgrbsærakt uka plr/

tba ha e'Lirbqua = vars 48:% lvad Ilsbr at Lxbhg 13 ak 480% lvad

Hgklt ha Nl`lç 93 ak 49>% lvad eas âvíquas kuobhas qub akvlfb/

rakt eas Olurâtlkbas 03 peus tlrh% lvad eas plrtbslks ha Ibrous

gu ha @behgk% lvad ea tarrbnea Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb 6+ Hlks

dartlbks hbstrbdts ha Kuobhba% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua dgopraklbtprasqua tgus eas flnbtlkts% dgegks at bkhb`ækas+ Aeea âtlbt tgutapubsslkta ê Xflou`lhb% ê Nl`lç 2

3 aeea ea iut egk`taops ê Dgks/tlktbka% ê Xfl`lsta% ê Fbppgka %:

+ Hlks nbak has vbeeas gò eas

sdfbsoltbquas lvlbakt uk âvíqua at uka dgoouklutâ iegrbs/

slkta% eas Dltfgebquas hurakt rakgkdar ê âebra uk âvíqua .+EaHgkltbsoa âtlbt sb nbak akrldbkâ ak Kuobhba% qua mlolbs kb eas

dgkdbeas dltfgebquas% kb eas egbs bopârbleas% kb eas peus vbgeaktasparsâdutbgks% k'gkt pu dgopeætaoakt e'ak axtbrpar '/+

<" Tarog 89% <1% 42+ Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% B% >8% >93 BB%

>" Apbst+ 84% >% 4 3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >4% 14/113 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84%

<8% >9+ 803 1>% 16+4" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ <:% p+ ><1 ]bwsl+ <:" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <:/<83

8" Bnbh+% p+ ><13 Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB%>%0+ Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB%

1" Gptît% BBB% 8+ 64% <683 Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs Addea/

9" Bnbh+% BBB% 8+ sblapeanao% 63 Apbst+ >2% <>3 41% 83 66%

0" enbh+% BB% <0/<2+ < at 9/<>3 24% 1% <03 >:2% >3 Dgeeît+

6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 6% >8 3 Dgktrl Dlrefl`+% <% <42+ebttarls Zatbeblkb% B% >8% >93 BB% >4% 14/ <<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <%<103 <94= <91311 3 42% 28+ <6> 3 <60/<66 3 <20/<26 3 >:</>:> 3 >:9 3 >:6+

2" Aklrr+ Be bk Zsleo+ ><% >9+ ‘ Di+ <>" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% 0>3 X%m3

Gptît% <<<% 83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 6% >83 6>3 <<% 893 BY% 4> at 413 Y% 43 YB% 48+

BY6



<<8 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

Hlks eas Olurâtlkbas% eas Dltfgebquas `lrhærakt tgumgurs% at

ha naludgup% e'lvlktlà hu kgonra+ Dapakhlkt% at h'lssaz

ngkka faura% ea sdfbsoa y ibt has prg`ræs+ Ak 4>2% eas olrtyrs

ha âkluet suddgonærakt prgnlneaoakt hlks ukanltlbeea

aktra dfrâtbaks has haux plrtbs <

+ Yars 449% gk sb`klea ak Olu/râtlkba el prâsakda ha kgonraux âvíquas hgkltbstas% qub tgu/

mgurs rastærakt ak dgooukbgk lvad eaur prbolt ha Dlrtflà M+

Ak 49>% has âvíquas kuobhas% lvad eaurs nlkhas ha Dbrdgkdae/ebgks% s'lvlkdærakt musqu'ê Xbplsl% lsslbeelkt eas nlsbebquas

plrtgut gò bes plsslbakt% at rastlurlkt plrtgut e'Aèbsa haHgklt s

+ Zeus tlrh% hlks eaurs râvgetas dgktra ^goa% Ibrous at

@behøk trguværakt has leebâs plrob eas Hgkltbstas ha Olurâtl/kba <

+ Ea oíoa plys l vu dgooakdar ea ogrdaeeaoakt hae'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% lvad ea sdfbsoa has ^g`ltbstas <

+ Lutaops h'Luùstbk% has bksdrbptbgks ha el dgktrâa kgus igktdgkklëtra ha kguvalux olrtyrs% vbdtboas has ùarras raeb/

`bausas 93 naludgup h'âvíquas hgkltbstas ha Olurâtlkba lssbs/

tærakt ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< 03 e'âvíqua hbssbhakt ha Dlaslral%

ea dâeænra Aoarbtus% dgopta legrs plrob eas prbkdbplux dfaishu plrtb 6

+ Eas âpbtlpfas ha Nakblk ' at el dgrraspgkhlkda hu

plpa Eâgk Ere

º lttastakt el prâsakda ha sdfbsoltbquas ak dasrâ`bgks musqu'lu obebau hu vº sbædea+ Zgurtlkt% saegk tgutalpplrakda% ea Hgkltbsoa k'l pls raopgrtâ% hlks das prgvbkdasha e'Guast% has suddæs hâdbsbis+ Kgus y rakdgktrgks nbak hasâvíquas at has dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas3 olbs d'âtlbakt

prgnlneaoakt has `rgupas bsgeâs% has dgegkbas ha hbssbhakts+

^bak ka prguva qu'ak Olurâtlkba% dgooa ak Kuobhba% e'Âèbsa

ha Hgklt lbt dgkqubs has râ`bgks at has pgpueltbgks aktbæras+

Olëtra ak Kuobhba% at elràoakt râplkhu hlks eas prgvbkdasvgbsbkas% ea Hgkltbsoa iut egk`taops dgksbhârâ plr el ogbtbâhas dfrâtbaks h'Lirbqua dgooa uka sgrta ha raeb`bgk kltbgklea+E'uka has dlusas eas peus dartlbkas ha sgk suddæs% da iut e'bk/

dgktastlnea flnbeatâ ha el prgpl`lkha+ Gptît radgkklët qua sas

<" D+ B+ E+% YBBB+ > egF+>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <:% 84+

4" Gptît% <<% <6/<2+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:3 Dgkerl

Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:% <93 <<%

<03 Dgktrl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% <<% 64% <68+

1" Apbst+ bi% <: 3 24% < at subv+ 3 DgkerlApbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:% <93 <<% <03Dgkerl tbeeurls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64% <683Lh Dlefgebdgs Apbstuel dgkerl Qgkl/tbstls =3% 9 3 <8%

9" D+ B+ B++% YBBB% <:24>3 >:86:3 D+saee%

Fubt+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has trlvlux fbs/

tgrbquas% <2:6% p+ ddb+

0" Dgeelb+ Dlreflq+% B% <82/><:+

6" Luùstbk% Apbst 60% <3 âtrldt+% Be%

0> at << = @asel duo Aoarbtg% </<:3Dgkerl @luhaktbuo% B% <8% e3b= Be% 8% 83Zgssbhbus% U'bel Luùsebkb% <9 3 Dgeeît+Dlrtfl`+% B% >:= >>= 4<= 44 = <<% >3 >63BBB% >3 E13 423 84% atd+

2" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% ><10:/><1083 @saee%

Igubeeas ha+ Nakblk% p+ >>/>0 at b>+

<:" Eâgk B% Apbst+ <>% 9+



AVXAKTBGK AX TDFBTOAT <<1

lhvarslbras âtlbakt « suntbes hlks eaur sâhudtbgk ³'3 at be akhgkka% lbksb qu'Luùstbk% nbak has axaopeas+

Lu hânut% el dgkvarsbgk has igueas lvlbt âtâ sguvakt prasquabkdgksdbakta+ Ak nbak has akhrgbts% el peuplrt has dfrâtbaksâtlbakt havakus hgkltbstas% tgut klturaeeaoakt% plr el sbopearlbsgk qu'be y lvlbt uka sauea dgoouklutâ% uk saue âvgqua%at qua dat âvíqua s'âtlbt rleebâ ê e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua = b`kg/rlkda gu bksgudblkda% eas ibhæeas lvlbakt subvb eaur dfai eas

yaux iaroâs+ Oíoa has àks ha el delssa ogyakka% has àksbkstrubts% has eattrâs% âtlbakt lbksb havakus hgkltbstas slks ea

vguegbr% prasqua slks s'ak lpardavgbr+ Qk axaopea nbak durbauxast daeub hu `rloolbrbak Ybdtgr% lkdbak eadtaur ha e'Âèbsa haDbrtl+ Ygbdb dgooakt be rldgktlbt peus tlrh sl dgkvarsbgk =

« Ma subs prgiassaur ha ebttârltura rgolbka% `rloolbrbakeltbk+++ Ogk pæra l âtâ hâdurbgk ha Dgkstlktbka3 ogk lçaue

âtlbt sgehlt% at lvlbt sarvb hlks el `lrha+ Kgtra ilobeea ast haslk` olura+++ Ogb% ma ka dgkklbs pls e'grb`bka hu sdfbsoa3 ma

subs uk ibhæea quaedgkqua hlks ea paupea has dfrâtbaks+ Dgooam'âtlbs ê Dlrtflà% e'âvíqua Tadukhus y vbkt uk mgur 3 gk

trguvl% hbt/gk% qua e'âvíqua Dladbeblkus lvlbt âtâ grhgkkâ brrâ/ùebæraoakt plr ma ka slbs qub% at gk âeut dgktra eub uk lutraâvíqua+ D'ast lbksb qu'ê Dlrtflà dgooakàl ea sdfbsoa+ Ma kapubs nbak dgkklëtra e'grb`bka hu sdfbsoa% plrda qua kgtra dbtâ

&Dgkstlktbka" k'l tgumgurs qu'uka sauea Âèbsa3 s'be y l au uksdfbsoa% kgus k'ak slvgks rbak hu tgut > ³+ Gk l ebau ha drgbraqua ea `rloolbrbak Ybdtgr% pgur eas nasgbks ha sl dlusa% axl/`ârlbt uk pau sgk b`kgrlkda+ Tl hâdelrltbgk k'ak ast plsogbks træs dlrldtârbstbqua = aeea trlfbt e'bkhbiiârakda klçva gudykbqua ha dartlbks dfrâtbaks hu taops pgur eas quaraeeas hasdeards+ Ak ilbt% eas âvíquas trlhbtaurs ha Vuobhba% dgoprgobshlks el râukbgk ha Dbrtl ak 4:1 at hlks ea dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàak 4<>% saoneakt lvgbr aktrlëkâ lvad aux at rleebâ slks pabkalu Hgkltbsoa el `rlkha olmgrbtâ has ibhæeas ha eaurs Âèbsas+

D'ast pgur dael surtgut qua% peus tlrh% bes rahgutlbakt tlkt uksdlkhlea qub pguvlbt guvrbr eas yaux hu punebd% dgooa ea

ogktrakt eaurs eattras euas ak 4>: ê e'luhbakda ha Xflou`lhb 4+

\ulkh e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua iut hâibkbtbvaoakt dgkstbtuâa%at qua% hlks tguta e'Lirbqua% el eutta sa iut ak`l`âa aktra eas

haux plrtbs% eas âvíquas hbssbhakts hurakt rakgkdar klturaeea/

oakt ê asdgoptar das dgkvarsbgks lutgoltbquas+ Olbs bes dgk/

<" « Tuntbeas bk sahudebgkbebus ³ &Gptlb% ]bwsl+BB% <<"+ 4" Bnbh+% p+ <62/<2>+

>" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <61





AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <<0

pâdfaurs eas peus aiirgktâs qub vaklbakt ê aux+ Bes rlssurlbaktvbta el dgksdbakda has dguplneas% at plrigbs eas hbspakslbakt hatguta pâkbtakda = « \ulkh vgus sâhubsaz quaequ'uk% eaur hbslbt

Gptît% vgus eub prgoattaz ea plrhgk ha sas pâdfâs ³ e+

Da plrtb/prbs h'bkhueàkda pgur eaurs kâgpfytas k'aopídflbtpls eas deards hgkltbstas h'ak bopgsar ê el iguea plr ea tfâîtrle

lpplrabe h'uka grùabeeausa slbktatâ+ Bes raprâsaktlbakt% hbslbakt/

bes% el vârbtlnea Âèbsa% qub sauea lvlbt dgksarvâ% lvad el puratâha el igb% eas vartus hu dfrbstblkbsoa âvlk`âebqua at el sâvârbtâ

ha el hbsdbpebka >+ Zgur mustbibar eaurs prâtaktbgks lux yaux has

dfrâtbaks fâsbtlkts% bes liiadtlbakt ha dgksbhârar eas Dltfgebquasdgooa has plçaks hâùbsâs+ Bes trlbtlbakt sguvakt dgooa taes

eas dgkvartbs% eaur ilbslbakt râdbtar eas oøoas igroueas qu'luxbhgeîtras 4

+ Gptît ea eaur raprgdflbt = « Ea elk`là ha vgtra

sâhudtbgk ast dgkku ha tgus+ Ygus hbtas ê vgs hupas = â`lrhazharrbæra vgus , Ygus eaur hbtas = ^ldfataz vgs îoas , Ygus hbtas

ê has dfrâtbaks nlptbsâs% oíoa ê has deards = Tgyaz dfrâ/tbaks, ³ 8

+ Ak 480% eas sdfbsoltbquas axpegbtærakt paribhaoakt el

eâàkha qub s'âtlbt râplkhuaak

Lirbqua ê e'lrrbvâa ha Oldlrbusat ha Zlueus = e'fbstgbra lnsurha ha datta « bolà ³ qua eas

akvgyâs ha e'aoparaur havlbakt ilbra peldar% hlks tgutas eas

âèbsas% ak lvlkt ha e'lutae'+ Gk râpâtlbt has prgpgs lttrbnuâs ê

has Hgkltbstas rleebâs egrs ha e'âhbt h'ukbgk = dgooukbar hlksuk slkdtulbra dltfgebqua% d'âtlbt plrtbdbpar ê uk sldrbibda plçak 9

+

Das sgttbsas âtlbakt has lrùoakts hâdbsbis pgur eas sbopeash'asprbt% hgkt naludgup s'âegb`klbakt ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebquadgooa h'uk raplbra h'bhgeîtrba% pgur bopegrar eaur lhobssbgk

hlks e'Âèbsa has Tlbkts+Qk has prbkdbplux ogyaks ha prgpl`lkha âtlbt% prâdbsâoakt%

el obsa ak sdæka ha el slbktatâ hgkltbsta% gppgsâa ê e'bopbâtâ hae'lutra Âèbsa+ Ha eê% tgutas das dârâogkbas axpbltgbras% hastb/

kâas ê irlppar eas bol`bkltbgks pgpuelbras+ Qka nlsbebqua lvlbt/

aeea âtâ akeavâa lux Dltfgebquas7 Aeea ka pguvlbt sarvbr ludueta hbssbhakt lvlkt h'lvgbr âtâ purbibâa = gk elvlbt ea hleelàat eas ours lvad ha e'alu sleâa <

+ Qka dgoouklutâ aktbæra

s'âtlbt/aeea rleebâa ha `râ gu ha igrda7 Gk lstrab`klbt tgus easibhæeas ê uka pâkbtakda% olbs ak eas hbvbslkt plr `rgupas% peus

<" Gptît% BB% >:+ trldeltus Y% <4+

>" Ldel pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <26 8" Gptît% BBB% <<+

]bwsl3 Ldtl Tlturkbkb% <9 at >: Nleuza3 1" Bnbh+% BBB% <>+ / Di+ Luùstbk%

Zlssbg Hgkltb% 43 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 6T%>3 Apbst+ 24% 1% <0+

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 4[43 8% 1+ 9" Gptît% BBB% <>+

4" Gptît% <<<% <<3 Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk <" Bnbh+% BB% ><3 YB% 9+

Zsleo+ <81% <93 Bk Mgflkkbs Avlkàebuo



<<6 E'Â@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

gu ogbks lrnbtrlbraoakt% saegk el `rlvbtâ ha eaurs ilutas= pgureas uks% uka axpbltbgk h'uk lk3 pgur h'lutras% uk ogbs3 pgureas prbvbeâ`bâs% uk mgur+ Ea taops lddgopeb% gk ilbslbt leb`kar ea

`rgupa has ebnârâs% gk âtakhlbt sur aux uk vgbea% gk bopgslbteas olbks sur el ibea has tætas bkdebkâas% at ea plrhgk ha e'Âèbsa

ha Hgklt tgonlbt sur el olssa has pâkbtakts <+ Xgus eas rleebâs%

hu ogbks ak prbkdbpa% âtlbakt sguobs ê das âprauvas% at ranlp/tbsâs = elçquas at deards ha tguta dltâ`grba% fgooas% akilkts%vbaràs% oltrgkas% hbldras at prítras% musqu'lux âvíquas >

+ Gklbolbt surtgut ê fuobebar eas deards dltfgebquas% ogbks akdgra

pgur ea pelbsbr ha e'fuobebltbgk oíoa% qua pgur e'âhbibdltbgk hupunebd+ \ulkh gk lvlbt râussb ê `l`kar% plr el parsulsbgk guplr el drlbkta% uk âvíqua gu uk prítra% gk e'lstrab`klbt ê ukapâkbtakda punebqua% gk e'axgrdbslbt% gk ea raeâùlbt plrob eas

dltâdfuoækas3 pubs% gk ea ranlptbslbt% gk eub bopgslbt uk stlàplrob eas elçquas% slui ê e'grhgkkar ha kguvalu% pgur eub rakhraaksubta hlks e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt ea rlk` qu'be lvlbt gddupâ hlkse'Âèbsa dltfgebqua 4

+ Lpræs tgutas das fuobebltbgks% ea olefau/raux « pgrtlbt ea haube ha sl hb`kbtâ parhua ³% subvlkt e'âkar/

`bqua axprassbgk h'Gptlt-+ Olbs da eloaktlnea spadtldea lvlbtpgur atçat grhbklbra h'aktrlëkar% lvad el dgkvarsbgk ha el vbd/

tboa% daeea h'uka plrtba ha el dgoouklutâ+ Eas îoas sbopeasâtlbakt lttbrâas plr el igrda at el vartu oystârbausa ha datta

Âèbsa% qub h'uk âvíqua ilbslbt uk pâkbtakt% pubs h'uk dltâdfu/oæka uk âvíqua'+ L eaur tgur% das kguvalux dgkvartbs% lrhaktsat klçis% havaklbakt h'aux/oíoas eas oabeeaurs làkts ha el

prgpl`lkha hgkltbsta% eas dgopebdas bkdgksdbakts ha das dfls/

saurs h'îoas qu'Gptît dgoplra bk`âkbausaoakt ê e'gbsaeaur +

Da k'ast pls saueaoakt el iguea lkgkyoa qua vbslbt ea prgsâ/eytbsoa+ Kgk ogbks aiibdlda% surtgut hlks eas taops ha plbxraeltbva% âtlbt el prgpl`lkha bkhbvbhuaeea = hlks eas ilobeeas%

hlks eas `rlkhs hgolbkas% hlks eas dardeas h'lobs+ Has Hgkl/tbstas bktrlksbàlkts raiuslbakt ha olrbar eaur ibeea ê uk Dltfg/ebqua3 bes gnebàlbakt eaur iutur àkhra ê sa dgkvartbr 0

+ Eas`rlkhs prgprbâtlbras uslbakt ha eaur tguta/pubsslkta lutgrbtâ

pgur loakar lu sdfbsoa eaurs asdelvas% eaurs iarobars guoâtlyars = Drbspbkus ha Dlelol% lylkt ldfatâ uk hgolbka% akranlptbsl h'giibda tgus eas dgegks% ha pluvras àks qub ka dgo/

< Gptît% BB% >8 ae >9+ 8" « Crapela pgrtlkt eboarl hb`kbeltbs ³

>" Bnbh+% Be% <,"3 '>8/>:= YB% 8+ &Gptît% BB% >8"+

4" Bnbh+% BB+ <2= >< 3 W;ç m=% = Luùstbk% +r

b" Gptît% BB% ><+

Apbst+ >4% >3 <:@% < 3 <:6% < 3 E;a ukbdg 9" Bnbh+% YB+ 6+

nlptbsog% <<% <23 Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% 0" Luùstbk% Tarog 89% 0% <1+

<66 at <20+



AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <<2

praklbakt pls oíoa ea eltbk <

+ Qk prítra sdfbsoltbqua ha Dgks/

tlktbka aktraprbt ha `l`kar uk ha sas dgopltrbgtas dltfgebquas%kgooâ @akargsus3 be ouetbpebl eas lvlkdas at eas axfgrtltbgks%leeâùlkt oíoa has vbsbgks% sa hbslkt dflr`â plr uk lkà haea dgkvartbr >

+ \ulkh eas sarogks at eas prgoassas lvlbaktâdfguâ% gk radgurlbt lux oakldas% lux gutrlàs% ê e'bktbobhl/tbgk+ Gptît hbslbt ê sas lhvarslbras = « Olefaur ê qubdgkqua ilbt

quaequa dfgsa dgktra vgtra vgegktâ, Ygus ea tarrgrbsaz% vgus ea

dlegokbaz+++ @egrbibaz/vgus ha da qua vgs dlegokbas gkt hâdbhâdartlbks fgooas ê ogurbr ³

4+ Tb Xgk ka raduelbt havlkt

rbakpgur dgkquârbr uk Dltfgebqua% gk pgursubvlbt h'uka flbkabopeldlnea qubdgkqua lnlkhgkklbt e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt = be âtlbt

ha trlhbtbgk h'lssgooar% ha outbear% ha tuar das trlëtras 8+ Xgus

das ogyaks ha prgpl`lkha gu h'bktbobhltbgk lvlbakt h'lutlktpeus ha suddæs% qua naludgup ha dfrâtbaks h'Lirbqua% bkhbiiâraktssur eas prbkdbpas% iegttlbakt aktra eas haux plrtbs% slks sa prâgd/dupar ha slvgbr gò âtlbt ea ngk hrgbt+ Luùstbk lboa ê trldar ea

pgrtrlbt sltbrbqua ha das dfrâtbaks slks dgkvbdtbgk% qub plsslbakt

letarkltbvaoakt hu Dltfgebdbsoa lu Hgkltbsoa gu hu Hgkl/tbsoa lu Dltfgebdbsoa% saegk eas dbrdgkstlkdas gu eas axbàkdasha eaurs bktâríts oltârbaes 4

+ Xgus das bkhbiiârakts k'lvlbakth'lutra sgudb qua ha prakhra ea vakt3 at egk`taops ea vaktsguiiel pgur aux hu døtâ h'gò vaklbakt eas prgoassas gu eas

dgups+Eas `rlkhs trbgopfas ha el prgpl`lkha hgkltbsta% d'âtlbakt

eas dgkvarsbgks ha deards dltfgebquas+ Das dgkvarsbgks ka iurakt

pls rlras% kgk saueaoakt hlks eas taops ha ùarra raeb`bausagò das lpgstlsbas iurakt sguvakt bopgsâas plr el igrda 9

% olbsakdgra pakhlkt eas trívas% plr ea ebnra dgksaktaoakt has bktâ/

rassâs+ Hbldras ranaeeas gu ha oŔurs âqubvgquas% axdgoou/kbâs gu râprbolkhâs plr eaur dfai% lonbtbaux hâàus qub rívlbaktha e'âpbsdgplt% plrigbs oíoa has âvíquas oâdgktakts gu pau/raux% âob`rlbakt vars e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt% at vgegktlbraoakt% plrlonbtbgk gu hâsbr ha vakàlkda% sa sguoattlbakt lux fuob/eblktas dârâogkbas h'uka hâ`rlhltbgk sgeakkaeea% h'uk kguvalunlptíoa% h'uka kguvaeea grhbkltbgk 0

+ L el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<%kgus rakdgktrgks peusbaurs ha das rakâ`lts+ Ybtlebs âtlbt uk

<" Apbst+ 99% <3 Dgktrl ebtearls Zaeb/ @astl duo Aoarbeg% 2 3 Zgssbhbus% Ymtleblkt% <<% 64% <68+ Luùsebkb% <1+

>" Apbst+ 14% <+ l" Luùstbk% Tarog >1>% 1+

4" Gptît% <<% >1+ 9" Gptît% BB% <2 at >1+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 9/63 20% 83 <:1% 0" enbh+% BB% >8 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ >4% >3>%43 <:6%1% <8 3 <:6% 9% <63 <<<% <3 <:9% <3 <:6% <3 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B%

<44% <3 <48%>3 <42%</>3 <61% 0%4:3 <20/<263 >:</>:4+



<>: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

lkdbak hbldra dltfgebqua ha Tbtbib3 dgkhlokâ pgur lhuetæra% be

plssl lux Hgkltbstas% qub ea ranlptbsærakt at raeurakt prítra%

pubs âvíqua ha Olsduel <

+ Iâebx at ^g`ltus% âvíquas sdfbsol/

tbquas ha Ygsat at ha ]lrlç% lvlbakt â`leaoakt dgooakdâ plr

ítra hbldras hlks e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua >+ Tbopebdbus% âvíqua ha

Xfbnbebs% sa elbssl `l`kar plr eas hbssbhakts% qub ea raeâùærakt

h'lngrh plrob eas dltâdfuoækas% pubs ea ranlptbsærakt at raea/

værakt ha kguvalu ê e'âpbsdgplt = be lvlbt legrs qultra/vbk`t/hbx

lks% gk paut suppgsar qua ea pluvra fgooa âtlbt tgonâ akakilkda 4

+ Qk lutra âvíqua dltfgebqua% Eagktbus ha ûstbdblkl%

s'gnstbklbt ê ranlptbsar eas sdfbsoltbquas dgkvartbs% subvlkt el

vbabeea trlhbtbgk ha Dyprbak3 be aut slks hguta% ê da prgpgs% hashbiibduetâs lvad sas dgeeæùas at lvad eas dgkdbeas3 tgumgurs ast/

be qu'be ibkbt plr sa rleebar ê e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% gò be put ranlp/

tbsar ê sgk lbsa 8+ Gk pgurrlbt ouetbpebar eas axaopeas3 daux/eê

suiibsakt pgur ogktrar qua% oíoa lu taops h'Luùstbk% ea

Hgkltbsoa trguvlbt has prgsâeytas musqua hlks ea dear`â dltfg/

ebqua+ Datta lhfâsbgk boprâvua ha dartlbks deards ha e'Âèbsa

rbvlea prghubslbt klturaeeaoakt naludgup h'aiiat sur e'asprbt has

pgpueltbgks+ Das radruas ha dfgbx âtlbakt h'lutlkt peus prâ/dbausas% qu'uk deard dflkàlkt ha plrtb% at% ê peus igrta rlbsgk%

uk âvíqua% aktrlëklbt prasqua tgumgurs lvad eub nbak has ibhæeas

ha sl dgoouklutâ+Qk harkbar trlbt ê kgtar hlks e'fbstgbra ha el prgpl`lkha

hgkltbsta% d'ast ea suddæs qu'aeea gntbkt lupræs has bkhb`ækas+

Hlks naludgup has hbstrbdts ha el ogktl`ka gu has Fluts/Zel/

talux% eas vbabeeas pgpueltbgks ha elkùa pukbqua gu narnæra at

eas trbnus kgolhas lvlbakt âtâ ê pabka aiieaurâas musqu'legrs

plr el prâhbdltbgk dfrâtbakka% dgooa plr el dbvbebsltbgk

rgolbka3 be y lvlbt akdgra has plçaks hlks das râ`bgks ê e'lrrb/

vâa has Lrlnas+ Zgur has rlbsgks ouetbpeas% hgkt el prbkdbplea

ast slks hguta e'ldtbvbtâ oíoa ha eaur prgpl`lkha% eas Hgkl/tbstas râussbrakt obaux qua eas Dltfgebquas% surtgut ak Kuobhba+D'ast hlks ea dgurlkt hu bv a sbædea qua sa hassbka ea `rlkh ogu/vaoakt ha dgkvarsbgk lu dfrbstblkbsoa hlks eas olssas pgpu/elbras at dfaz eas pgpueltbgks lrrbârâas+ Gr% pakhlkt datta

pârbgha% d'ast e'Feèbsa ha Hgklt qub râ`klbt ak Kuobhba+ D'asthgkd prasqua tgumgurs sgus el igroa hgkltbsta qua eas bkhb/

`ækas ha el râ`bgk gkt dgkku ea dfrbstblkbsoa+ Xgumgurs ast/be

qua ea Hgkltbsoa iut ldduabeeb lvad aktfgusblsoa plr eas pgpu/eltbgks nlrnlras hu plys kuobha% at y trguvl sguvakt uk pgbkt

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% >:<+ 4" Bnbh+% B% <66 at <2<+

>" Bnbh+% <% >:>/>:4+ 8" eøbh+% <% <26+



AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <><

h'lppub hlks sas euttas dgktra eas Dltfgebquas+ Eas bkhb`ækas

plrlbssakt lvgbr âtâ ak olmgrbtâ hlks eas nlkhas ha Dbrdgkdae/

ebgks+ Be suiibt ha rlppaear eas kgos ha haux ha eaurs dfais%

Lxbhg at Ilsbr% qub% vars 48:% hasdakhbrakt ha e'Luræs'+ Haoíoa% hlks el râ`bgk h'Fbppgka% lu taops h'Luùstbk% el peu/

plrt has Dbrdgkdaeebgks âtlbakt dartlbkaoakt has bkhb`ækas%

pubsqu'bes ka dgopraklbakt pls ea eltbk 6+

Zgur âvlk`âebsar at `guvarkar das trbnus ilrgudfas% eas deards

hgkltbstas hurakt plrear eaur elkùa gu sa râsb`kar ê sa sarvbr

h'bktarprætas+ T'bes `lrhlbakteaeltbkdgooaelkùaebtur`bqua%bes

prídflbakt sguvakt ak pukbqua+ « Eas Hgkltbstas% hbt Luùstbk%gkt uka ilàgk ê aux h'fgkgrar ea Dfrbst3 bes prâtakhakt qua sgkhgolbka ast hâsgrolbs râhubt ê haux elkùas% ea eltbk at ea

pukbqua% d'ast/ê/hbra el elkùa has Lirbdlbks ++ Ak aiiat% da sgkt

eas haux elkùas ak uslà hlks ea plrtb ha Hgklt 4+ ³ Kgus lvgks

quaequas raksab`kaoakts prâdbs sur da røea hu pukbqua hlkse'Âèbsa hbssbhakta+ Zlr axaopea% eas dgegks ranlptbsâs h'giibda

plr Drbspbkus ha Dlelol ka dgopraklbakt qua ea vbabe bhbgoadlrtfl`bkgbs% gu peutøt% uka elkùa hârbvâa ha daeea/eê% da

qu'gk lppaeea lumgurh'fub ea « kâg/pukbqua ³+ Luùstbk%âdrbvlkt lu oíoa Drbspbkus pgur râiutar ea systæoa hgkltbsta%

haolkha qua sl eattra sgbt trlhubta ak pukbqua at eua lux sdfbs/

oltbquas lvad el râpgksa ha sgk lhvarslbra -+ Yars 8:2% Oldrg/nbus% âvíqua hbssbhakt h'Fbppgka% vguelkt flrlkùar eas Dbr/

dgkdaeebgks% ast gneb`â ha eaur ilbra trlhubra sgk hbsdgurs plr ukbktarpræta 1

% dgooa iarlbt lumgurh'fub% ak ilda has bkhb`ækash'Le`ârba% uk lhobkbstrltaur irlkàlbs b`kgrlkt ea narnæra gue'lrlna+ Hbx gu hguza lks peus tlrh% eas Hgkltbstas ha Iusslel%lux akvbrgks h'Fbppgka% ravbkrakt ak olssa ê e'Âèbsa dltfg/

ebqua+ Luùstbk ibt hâoaonrar sgk prgpra hbgdæsa% hgkt ukaplrtba dgkstbtul ea hbgdæsa ha Iusslel = pgur dat âvædfâ% be hutdfgbsbr plrob eas dlkhbhlts qub slvlbakt ea pukbqua + Das patbts

ilbts kgus igurkbssakt el prauva hâdbsbva hu suddæs qu'gntbkt el

prgpl`lkha hgkltbsta lupræs has pgpueltbgks bkhb`ækas haKuobhba+

Datta prgpl`lkha%eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks e'gkt pgursubvba

guvartaoakt% tlkt qu'bes gkt âtâ eas olëtras+ Bes el dgktbkulbakthlks e'gonra pakhlkt eas pârbghas ha parsâdutbgk+ Bes k'y gktmlolbs rakgkdâ tgut ê ilbt+ Luùstbk pguvlbt hbra akdgra lpræs

<" Gptît% BBB% 8+ BB% 4+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 99% >3 <:6% 1% <83 8" Apbst+ 99% >+

>:2% 4+ 1" Apbst+ <:6% 1% <8+

4" Bk Mgetlkkbs Apbseu lo Brldeleus% 9" Apbst+ >:2% 4+



<>> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1 = « E'Âèbsa dltfgebqua `âobt lu obebau hatlkt ha sdlkhleas has fârâtbquas+ Aeea vgbt qua plr ha paribhas

axfgrtltbgks at has oaksgkàs gk akeæva ha sgk sabk eas

ilbfeas% eas akilkts% pgur eas trlëkar hlks ma ka slbs quaeeas

dlvarkas% lux fgrrbneas oystæras% pgur eas ranlptbsar% pguraxgrdbsar ak aux ea Dfrbst ³ + Eas sdfbsoltbquas radgooakàlbaktguvartaoakt eaur dlopl`ka% hæs qua eas dbrdgkstlkdas ea par/

oattlbakt3 gk eas vgbt ê e'Ŕuvra akdgra ê Ml ibk hu vb. sbædea >+

Eaur bkiltb`lnea at flnbea prgsâeytbsoa axpebqua qu'bes lbakt

pu sb egk`taops lttbrar ê aux tlkt ha kâgpfytas% ^golbks gu

bkhb`ækas% sguvakt has dgoouklutâs aktbæras% musqu'ê hasdeards at has âvgquas dltfgebquas+

Eas râsuetlts gntakus iurakt surpraklkts+ Bdb akdgra% rbak kavlut e'âegquakda has dfbiiras+ Ak 428% lpræs ea sdfbsoa haOlxboblkus% ea dgkdbea ha Nl`lç râukbt trgbs dakt hbx âvæquasprboblkbstas 4

+ H'lutra plrt% eas âvæquas olxboblkbstas âtlbakt

peus ha dakt lu dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl '+ Gr% prasqua plr/

tgut% el dgoouklutâ aktbæra lvlbt subvb sgk dfai3 slui ê Dlr/

tbelà at hlks haux gutrgbs lutras vbeeas% be k'y lvlbt legrs%

hlks dflqua egdlebtâ% qu'uka sauea dgoouklutâ hbssb/

hakta% bdb prboblkbsta% eê olxboblkbsta+ Gk ak hgbt dgkdeura

qua% vars el ibk hu bv a sbædea% e'Lirbqua rakiarolbt peus haqultra dakts âvædfâs hgkltbstas+ Da kgonra igrobhlnea sarlbt

oíoa `rgssb akdgra% sb e'gk taklbt dgopta has sdfbsoas sadgk/hlbras% at has âvæquas lnsakts gu has âvídfâs vldlkts egrs has

dgkdbeas ha Dlnlrsussl at ha Nl`lç+ Tb patbts qu'gk suppgsa el

peuplrt has hbgdæsas ‘ at kgus slvgks qua quaequas/uks âtlbake

`rlkhs% ‘ ea dfbiira has sbæàs hbssbhakts rasta tgut ê e'lbt

axtrlgrhbklbra+ << ast igrt hgutaux qua e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua lbt

legrs dgoptâ ak Lirbqua lutlkt h'âvædfâs+Xgutas das dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas% ê e'axdaptbgk ha

haux gu trgbs% âtlbakt sbtuâas hlks e'Lirbqua eltbka = Zrgdgksu/elbra% Nyzldæka% Xrbpgebtlbka% Kuobhba% Olurâtlkba Tbtbebakka%

Olurâtlkba Dâslrbakka+ ^bak k'bkhbqua qua ea Hgkltbsoa lbt au

has lhfârakts ak Xbk`btlka+ Ak tgut dls% be ka hâplssl pls el

irgktbæra grbaktlea ha Xrbpgebtlbka 3 Luùstbk raolrqua axpbassæoakt qu'be k'y lvlbt pls ha Hgkltbstas ak Dyrâklçqua 9

% kb% ê

pbks igrta rlbsgk% hlks e'Grbakt `rad 9+ Hlks eas prgvbkdas

<+ Aklrr+ o Zsleo+ <81% <9+ B Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% s[ 3 BB% 8% 6 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0 3 @astl8F = bU% 4>3 YB% 48+ duo Aoarbtg% '+³+

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/ 1" Tarog 89% <0% 8<+

oakblkb% B% 8% 63 BB% 4% 0 3 Dgktrl Dras/ 9" enue+% 89% 6% <6+

uo+ BY% 9% '3 <4% 1<

+



AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <>4

oâhbtarrlkâakkas ha e'Gddbhakt eltbk% e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt l ilbt

quaequas taktltbvas h'axtaksbgk+ Zgur mustbibar sl prâtaktbgk haraprâsaktar ak Lirbqua e'Aèbsa ukbvarsaeea% aeea leeâùlbt eas

dgoouklutâs qu'aeea lvlbt igkhâas ak Btleba% ak Aspl`ka%paut/ítra ak @luea'+ Olbs das dgegkbas sa râhubslbakt prasqua ê

rbak = haux gu trgbs âvídfâs% at akdgra% uk saue hgkt e'axbstakda

sgbt lnsgeuoakt dartlbka+

Qka ha das dgoouklutâs âtlbt ak Aspl`ka3 kgus ka pguvgkshbra hlks quaeea plrtba hu plys+ Eudbeel% e'akkaoba ha Dladbebl/

kus at has Dltfgebquas% e'A`ârba hu dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ha4<>% âtlbt uka Aspl`kgea >

+ Oøoa lpræs s'ítra ibxâa ê Dlrtbelà%

aeea lvlbt dgksarvâ ha `rlkhs hgolbkas hlks sgk lkdbakkapltrba+ Aeea y bktrghubsbt ea kguvae Âvlk`bea% at plrlët oíoa ylvgbr ilbt bkstbtuar uk âvídfâ% pgur ea sleut has dgegks ha sas

tarras+ Datta dgoouklutâ hbssbhakta axbstlbt akdgra lu taopsh'Luùstbk 3 olbs tgut da qua kgus ak slvgks% d'ast qu'aeea axbs/

tlbt 4+

Hlks ea obhb ha el @luea% be ast pgssbnea qua has dgoouklu/tâs lbakt âtâ drââas% hæs ea bv a sbædea% plr has Hgkltbstas iuylktel parsâdutbgk gu âob`râs pgur uka rlbsgk quaedgkqua+ Hasâvíquas hbssbhakts h'Lirbqua âtlbakt vakus ak @luea hæs e'lk/

kâa 4<8% pgur ea dgkdbea h'Lreas+ D'ast ak @luea% gu ak Aspl`ka%qua ogurut Hgklt ea @rlkh% at qua iut grhgkkâ Zlroakblkus -

+

D'ast surtgut vars el @luea qua sa hbrb`ærakt% pakhlkt el

hgobkltbgk vlkhlea% eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks iu`btbis = gkrakdgktra has Hgkltbstas ê Klrngkka ak 816% ê Eygk vars 1:> 1

+

D'ast hgkd paut/ítra ak @luea qua sa trguvlbt ea trgbsbæoa hasâvídfâs qua eas Hgkltbstas lurlbakt igkhâs fgrs h'Lirbqua% at

luxquaes Luùstbk saonea ilbra leeusbgk 9+ \ugb qu'be ak sgbt%

das dgegkbas hbssbhaktas ha @luea k'aurakt luduka bopgrtlkdafbstgrbqua3 aeeas gkt hó hbsplrlëtra vbta lu obebau has pgpuel/tbgks dltfgebquas qub eas aktgurlbakt+

El sauea Âèbsa hgkltbsta hu hafgrs% qub oârbta ha kguslrrítar uk bkstlkt% ast daeea ha ^goa+ Aeea iut igkhâa vars 4>:%sur el haolkha has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks ibxâs hlks el dlpb/

tlea'+ Aeea iut `guvarkâa h'lngrh plr uk lhobkbstrltaur bktârb/

olbra {bktarvakt gr"-= Zeus tlrh% at musqu'lu hânut hu v a sbædea%

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 94% 0:+ 8" Gptlb% BB% 0+

>" « el hgog vae pltrbogkbg ukbus Fbs/ 1" Eâgk B% Apbst+ <90% <63 Lvbtus% Apbse+plksa ouebarbs ³ {Lh Dlefgebdgs Apbseuel >9+

dgktrl Hgkltbsels% 4% 9"+ 9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%

4" Dgktrl ebetarls ZatbFlkb% BB% <:6% 94%0:+>80 3 Lh Dleetgebdgs Apbseuel dgktrl 0" Gptît% BB% 8+

Hgkltbsels% 4% 93 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% 6" Luùstbk% Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <9% >6+

<<<% 94% 0:+



<>8 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

aeea aut uk âvíqua+ Kgus dgkklbssgks el sârba ê pau præs dgo/peæta ha das plpas hu Hgkltbsoa'+ Ea praobar iut Ybdtgr ha

@lrna=

gk hgbt prgnlneaoakte'bhaktbibar

lvad e'âvíqua kuobhahu oíoa kgo qub lpplrlët ê Dbrtl ak 4:1 >+ L Ybdtgr suddâhl

Ngkbiltbus% pubs Akdgepbus% pubs Oldrgnbus% e'lutaur ha el

Zlssbg Olxboblkb at eslld+ Oldrgnbus iut raopeldâ plr Eudbl/

kks+ Da harkbar aut pgur suddassaur Deluhblkus% qub vars 406iut ak ùarra lvad ea plpa Hlolsa% at qub iut peusbaurs igbs

axbeâ 4+ Lpræs ea hâplrt hâibkbtbi ha Deluhblkus% qub plrlët ítra

ratgurkâ ê Dlrtflà at y lvgbr igoaktâ uk kguvalu sdfbsoa%ea sbæà hgkltbsta ha ^goa rastl vldlkt slks hguta pakhlktpeusbaurs lkkâas+ Zeus tlrh% gk âeut uk dartlbk Iâebx% qub%

dflssâ ha ^goa plr e'bkvlsbgk has @gtfs% put lssbstar ak 8<<

ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà 8+

Eas Hgkltbstas ha ^goa âtlbakt grhbklbraoakt hâsb`kâs plreas Dltfgebquas sgus ea kgo ha Ogktausas% eas « Ogktl`klrhs ³3

gk eas lppaelbt lussb Dlopbtla% Dlopa7bsas% Dutzupbtla- + ebssa

râukbsslbakt h'lngrh% lux akvbrgks ha el vbeea% sur uka ogk/tl`ka rgdfausa% hlks uka dlvarka &spafodl" oukba ha `rlhbks

at aktgurâa h'uka flba9

+ Bes sa dgktaktærakt egk`taops ha dattadflpaeea sgutarrlbka% h'bkstleeltbgk træs prbobtbva3 lu taopsha slbkt Mârøoa% bes plrlbssakt lvgbr au uka nlsbebqua 0

+ Eldgoouklutâ ka dgopraklbt ùæra qua has Lirbdlbks hgobdbebâs

ê ^goa3 ak dls ha vldlkda hu sbæà% gk eub akvgylbt h'Lirbquauk kguvae âvíqua 6

+ Aeea ka mgul uk røea lpplrakt qua sguse'âpbsdgplt ha Deluhblkus% `rîda ê e'âkar`ba at ê e'luhlda ha da

dfai3 aeea ibt oíoa legrs has prgsâeytas plrob eas pluvras àksha el dlpbtlea + Lpræs ea hâplrt ha Deluhblkus% aeea raktrl hlkse'gonra+ Aeea lvlbt pgurtlkt quaequa vbtlebtâ% pubsqu'aeea hurlpakhlkt tgut uk sbædea+ Aeea iut oíoa lssaz pgpuelbra dfaz sas

lobs h'Lirbqua% qub% `rîda ê aeea% pguvlbakt sa hbra ak dgo/oukbgk lvad e'Âèbsa ha ^goa+

Axdaptbgk ilbta pgur das patbtas dgegkbas h'Btleba% ha @luea at

h'Aspl`ka% ea Hgkltbsoa rastl tgumgurs uk sdfbsoa axdeusbva/

b" Gptît% <<%83 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+%U% els% 4% 93 Ha flaras+% 923 Mârøoa% Dfrgk+<10/<9<+ lh lku+

4113Apbst+ 40% < 3 Hblegùs

lh/>" Gptlb% B% <8 = Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/ varsus Eudbiarblkgs% >6+

dgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:+ Gptît% BB% 8+

4" Apbstuel dgkdbebb rgolbk lkk+ 606 '" Mârøoa% Dfrgk+ lh lku+ 411+lh @rleblkuo at Yleaktbkblkuo Bopa/ 6M Gptît% BB% 8 3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/rltgras &Olksb% Dgkdb +% t+ BBB% p+ 9>9"+ dgkbuo% <<<%48% 463 Ha flaras+% 92 3 Apbst+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <823 <10/<9<+ 14% <% >+

1" Gptît% BB% 8 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% <% 2" Apbstuel dgkdbebb rgolkb lkk+ 606>3Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% <:6% e'80

3&Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 9>9"+

Lh Dltfgfdgs Apbsek l duktrl Hgklebs/




oakt lirbdlbk% at oíoa% lvlkt tgut% kuobha+ Dlrtflà% gò eas

hbssbhakts âtlbakt h'lbeeaurs kgonraux% âtlbt el dlpbtlea giib/

dbaeea hu plrtb% el râsbhakda hu dfai% ea ebau ha râukbgk grhb/klbra has dgkdbeas% ea daktra ha e'ldtbgk pgebtbqua+ E'Âèbsasdfbsoltbqua dgoptlbt% lussb% nbak has dgoouklutâs at hasâvíquas hlks e'bktârbaur ha el Zrgdgksuelbra% ak Nyzldæka at akXrbpgebtlbka% ak Olurâtlkba3 el Nyzldæka iut ea daktra huOlxboblkbsoa <

3 Dlrtakkl% ak Dâslrbakka% el dlpbtlea hu Ng`l/tbsoa >

3 Dlaslral% e'uka has peldas igrtas hu Zrboblkbsoa lutaops h'Aoarbtus 4

+ Zgurtlkt% d'ast tgumgurs vars el Kuobhba

qua kgus rloæka e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa% lux mgurs ha sguiirlkdadgooa lux mgurs ha trbgopfa+ « Ak Kuobhba ast kâ ea plrtb

ha Hgklt ³% hbt Luùstbk-+ D'ast hlks datta râ`bgk% at prbkdbpl/eaoakt « lu obebau ha el Kuobhba dgksuelbra ³

1%

qu'âtlbt ea

râhubt hu Hgkltbsoa% ea pgbkt h'lppub at ha râsbstlkda% ea daktrah'lttrldtbgk at ha rlygkkaoakt+ Lu taops h'Luùstbk% qulkhgk eaur gnmadtlbt el pubsslkda ukbvarsaeea ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua%eas sdfbsoltbquas râpebqulbakt lvad uka klçva lrrg`lkda =

« Kgtra Âèbsa lussb ast `rlkha = qua vgus saonea ha Nl`lç at

ha Xflou`lhb7 ³9

+

Nl`lç ast dâeænra hlks eas lkkleas ha e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta+ D'asteê qua e'âvíqua Hgkltus lvad sas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% ak 480% gsltakbr títa lux dgoobsslbras bopârblux at lux trgupas hu dgotaTbevastar 0

+ D'ast eê qu'ak 428 sbâàl ea `rlkh dgkdbea prbobl/kbsta% at qua iut elkdâ e'lkltfæoa dgktra eas dfais hu Olxb/oblkbsoa 6

+ \uaequas lkkâas peus tlrh% eas sdfbsoltbquas ybkdakhbærakt e'âèbsa dltfgebqua% matlkt lu iau eas ebvras sldrâs%

elbsslkt pgur ogrt e'âvíqua akkaob qub giibdblbt ê e'lutae2

+ Ak8<<% ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% plrut Hgkltblkus% uk lutraâvíqua hbssbhakt ha Nl`lç <:

+

Xflou`lhb% kgtra Xbo`lh% gò e'gk l trguvâ hâmê tlkt harubkas h'âèbsas% ea hbsputlbt ê Nl`lç plr e'bopgrtlkda ha sldgoouklutâ sdfbsoltbqua at plr e'âkar`ba ilrgudfa ha sas

âvíquas+ Eê râ`kl pakhlkt hbx lks ea tarrbnea Gptltus% ea `rlkhdfai has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% e'lob ha @behgk% ea dflopbgk hu

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 6% >8 3 Lh Dl/ 0" Gptît% <<<% 8+

tfgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl Hgkltbstls% 4% 6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 1<% > 3 14% 4% 9 3 <:6%

93 <2% 1< 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 16% 92+ 1% <13 <8<% 93 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%

>" Apbst+ 24% 9/0% ></>>+ 14%123 18%9: 3 19% 9>3 BY%4<% 46atsubvU34" âtrldt+% Be% 00 3 @astlduo Aoarbeg% @astl duo Aoarbtg% 2/< b+

< 3 Dgktrl @luhakebuo% B% <8% <13 Zgs/ 2" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 803scebus% Ybtl Lur ustbkb% <9+ Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<% >43 Apbst+ 66%

8" Luùstbk% Tarog 89% <1% 42+ 0 3 <61% 0% >9/>0+

1" Apbst+ 16% <+ <:" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <00+

9" Aklrr+ Be bk Zsleo+ ><% >9+



<>9 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

Zrboblkbsoa% ea parsâdutaur has Olxboblkbstas dgooa hasDltfgebquas% el tarraur ha e'Lirbqua <

+ Tgk suddassaur% @luhak/tbus% iut e'uk has raprâsaktlkts hu plrtb ê el Dgkiârakda ha

Dlrtflà 4 + Zeus tlrh% vars 8>:% be havbkt ea fârgs hu Hgkltbsoalux lngbs% ak gslkt hâibar ea dgoobsslbra bopârble% ak oakl/àlkt ha sa nrbeear hlks sgk âèbsa% ak sgutaklkt uka harkbærapgeâobqua dgktra Luùstbk 4

+

Das haux dbtâs kuobhas% Nl`lç at Xflou`lhb% âtlbakt eas

haux daktras hyklobquas ha el sadta% dgooa Dlrtbelà ak âtlbt

ea daktra h'lpplrlt+ Gk pgurrlbt dbtar ak Kuobhba nbak h'lutrasdlops sadgkhlbras% olbs pubsslkts akdgra% ha e'lroâa hgkl/tbsta = Dgkstlktbka v

% Xfavasta.% Olhlurgs % Yaàsael 0

% Xb`bsb 6

%

Dlsla Ub`rla s% Dlelol <:

% Xfl`lsta <<% eebppgka <

/+ Akibk% d'ast akKuobhba qua sa rakdgktrlbakt eas pæearbks ha tgutas eas dgo/ouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas = ê Kgvl Zatrl% lu tgonalu ha Olr/dueus <4

+

E'uk has âeâoakts assaktbaes ha el igrda hu Hgkltbsoa lvlbtâtâ egk`taops sl pubsslkta dgkdaktrltbgk% ea hâvguaoaktaxdeusbi% sguvakt ilkltbqua% ha tgus sas ibhæeas+ Zakhlkt eas

dbkqulkta praobæras lkkâas ha e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa% gk k'ak/

takh plrear h'luduk hbssaktboakt `rlva aktra sas lhaptas =

taops fârgçquas% gò e'aktfgusblsoa has kâgpfytas sldrbiblbt

tgut lux bktâríts ha el kguvaeea Âèbsa% gò tgus sas plrtbslksdgopraklbakt el kâdassbtâ ha el hbsdbpebka% gò el olbk vb`gu/rausa ha Hgklt ea @rlkh olbktaklbt ukbas tgutas eas âkar`bas+Eas suddassaurs ha Hgklt iurakt ogbks fauraux+ Ea mgur vbkt

<" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84%6% >83 44% 4% 9360% 1= Dgkerl ebtearls Zatbeblkb% B% >8%>9 3 BB% >4% 14/11 3 40% 66 3 42% 28 3 1>% <>:

3

64%<683 <:4% >403 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BBB% 9:% 993 @asel duo Aoarbtg% 2+

>" Dgteut+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <86 at >:63 BB%

> de <>3 <<<% > at <:>3 Luùstbk% ieaid'ld-+%

BB% 61= Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% <% 4% 83 BB%

8% 8+

4" Luùstbk% Apbse+ >:83 Dgkerl @lu/haktbuo% B% < at subv+= Be% B at subv% 3 eba/

Brldt+% Be% 61+

8" Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs Addeasblapeafao% 6+ ‘ DB+ Dgeel + Dlrtfl`+% <%<42+

Gptît% BB% <6+ ‘ Gk l trguvâ râd& ooakt% arb hbvarsas egdlebtâs hu dak ea tbd

ranassl% uka durbausa sârba h'bksdrbptbgks

hgklebstas gu raeltbvas lu Hgkltbsoa+ Di+

âduabe ha DgkstlkDbka% Ve+ee% <2:6% p+<24 at subv+3 Nuee% ha el Tgdbâtâ has Lk/tbqulbras 5ea Irlkda% <2:2+

@" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% rlk+ <>+

0" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 0øe Ob`kd+ ‘Di+ &Bsaee% Nuee% lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ hastrlvlux fbstgrbquas% <622% p+ 8113 Ltelslrdf+ ha YLe`ârba% iaubeea >6% k+ <0<+

6" Gptît% B% <8 at <23 Luùstbk% Tarog89% <1% 42+

2" Luùstbk+ Apbse+ 66 3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

BBB% <6% 493 Lh Hgklebsels pgst Dgeelb+%

<4% <03 âtrldt % <% >:% 83 Ha flaras+%<+2= Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl3 +% B% <82 at <10+

<:" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <83 Lu/

ùstbk%Apbse+ 993 <:1% >% 83 Dgktrl

Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ 89% 1:+

<<" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 24% 1% <0+

<>" Dgktrl ebtearls Zatbeblkb% be% 64%

<683 Apbse+ >2% <>3 41% 83 66% 6 at <>3

<44% < at 43 <48% >3 <42% </>= >:2% >=

Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <: ae <4+

<4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <%<60= ZlssbgOlrdueb% p+ 09> Ob`ka+




gò e'Âèbsa kâa hu sdfbsoa iut ê sgk tgur hâdfbrâa plr ea

sdfbsoa% gò iut drââa ê sas hâpaks uka patbta Aèbsa rbvlea+ L plr/

tbr ha da mgur% ea Hgkltbsoa s'âobattl ha peus ak peus% ak vartu hasas prbkdbpas oíoas = eâ`btbobtâ hu sdfbsoa% bhâle âvlk`âebqua%prâtaktbgk ê el puratâ% ê e'lustârbtâ% ê el pariadtbgk+ Has bktrlk/

sbàlkts% has hâvgts trgp sdrupueaux% mu`ærakt qua el `rlkhaÂèbsa hgkltbsta rassaonelbt trgp ê e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% qu'aeea

sa elbsslbt leear lux dgoprgobs% lux dlpbtueltbgks+ Ak gutra%

has rbvlebtâs ha prgvbkda ê prgvbkda ildbebtærakt el hbsegdltbgk3

eas hbssbhakts ha Nyzldæka% ha Xrbpgebtlbka% ha Olurâtlkba%mleguslbakt ea røea prâpgkhârlkt ha Dlrtflà at has Kuobhas+Xaeeas sgkt eas dlusas prgigkhas has rlpbhas suddæs hu Olxb/oblkbsoa% at ha e'axtrlgrhbklbra ouetbpebdltbgk has sadtas

lirbdlbkas+ Dat âobattaoakt prg`rassbi hbobkul naludgup el

igrda ha râsbstlkda has plrtbs hbssbhakts ak ilda has Dltfgebquashbsdbpebkâs% dgkhubts ê el vbdtgbra plr has dfais dgooa Lura/ebus at Luùstbk+

El prbkdbplea Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua rastl tgumgurs daeea has

suddassaurs hbradts ha Hgklt = daeea ha Zlroakblkus% pubs ha

Zrboblkus+ Aeea prâtakhlbt tgumgurs ítra el vârbtlnea% el saueaÂèbsa dltfgebqua <

= prâtaktbgk dgoouka ê tgutas eas sadtas

dfrâtbakkas% ak Lirbqua dgooa lbeeaurs+ Gk e'lppaelbt grhbklb/

raoakt ea « plrtb ha Hgklt ³ &plrl Hgbbltb"% gu Hgkltbsoa prg/praoakt hbt-+ Tguvakt lussb% gk el hâsb`klbt plr ea kgo hu prb/

olt ldtuae = aeea iut suddassbvaoakt ea « plrtb ha Zlroakblkus ³

gu Zlroâkblkbsoa &Zlroakblkb plrs"-% ea « plrtb ha Zrbobl/kus ³ gu Zrboblkbsoa {plrs Zrboblkb"'+ Luùstbk hgkka lussb

lux ibhæeas ha el peus `rlkha Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua uk kgo h'lppl/rakda sbkùebæra% olbs qub dgrraspgkh nbak ê el râlebtâ hasilbts = be eas lppaeea eas « Hgkltbstas dlrhbklux ³ &dlrhbkleas

Hgkltbstls"% d'ast/ê/hbra eas Hgkltbstas prbkdbplux 1+ E'Âèbsa ha

Zrboblkus âtlbt% ak aiiat% e'fârbtbæra hbradta ha daeea ha Hgklt+Aeea dgksarvl tgumgurs% ha naludgup% el supârbgrbtâ hu kgonraat ha e'gr`lkbsltbgk3 sauea plrob eas Âèbsas hbssbhaktas% aeea

âtakhlbt sas rlobibdltbgks sur tguta e'Lirbqua+ Aeea prgibtl ha das

<" Gptît% BB% <3 Dgeelb+ Dlreeblk % BBB% oakblkb% <% 8% 23 Ha flaras+% 8<3 Ibels/

>>3 2<3 >163 Luùstbk% Nr[vbd+ Dgeeît+% trbus% Flaras+% 643 Zrlahastbkle+% 84+

BBB% >% 4 3 8% 1+ 8" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 2% >9 3 Ha nlp/>" Gptît% B% >> at >93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk% tbsog% B% 9% 63 Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/

Apbse+ 66% <3 24% 6%>8/>13 Dgktrl Apbs/ oakblkb% B% <:% <93 <<<% 8% ><3 Dgkerltuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB% 8% >83 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 9:% 993 BY% 4% 4 3 8% 13Drasdgkbuo% BB% <% >3 BY% 9% 0= &eastl 86% 163 16% 0:+duo Aoarbtg% 1 at 2+ 1" Ha nlptbsog% B% 9% 6+

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/



<>6 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

lvlktlàs pgur trlquar slks oardb tgus eas sdfbsoltbquas qub

e'lvlbakt lnlkhgkkâa+Ea praobar sdfbsoa kâ hu Hgkltbsoa iut ea ^g`ltbsoa &plrs

^g`ltb3 ^g`ltbstla3 ^g`ltaksas3 ^g`ltblkb"'+ Be lpplrlët nrus/quaoakt% vars 40:% hlks uk dgbk ha el Olurâtlkba Dâslrbakka+Be aut pgur lpøtra at pgur praobar dfai uk fgooa hbstbkùâ%

h'asprbt oghârâ = ^g`ltus% âvíqua ha Dlrtakkl >+ Da ^g`ltus

plrlët s'ítra bkhb`kâ has vbgeakdas at has lttaktlts ha tguta

sgrta dgoobs ak Olurâtlkba% sgus ea ræ`ka ha Muebak% plr eas

nlkhas ha Kuobhas qua hbrbàlbakt has âvíquas hgkltbstas 4+ Be

rgopbt lvad e'Âèbsa ha Zlroakblkus aktra 49> at 40> '% at igkhl

uka Âèbsa hbstbkdta% qub prâtakhlbt ítra sauea ibhæea ê eê trlhb/tbgk dfrâtbakka+ Olbs be ka radrutl ùæra h'lhfârakts qua hlkssgk hbgdæsa ha Dlrtakkl at hlks eas hbgdæsas vgbsbks+ Tgksdfbsoa rastl uk sdfbsoa tgut egdle+ Eas ^g`ltbstas plsslbakt

pgur ítra naludgup peus oghârâs qua eas lutras Hgkltbstas+

Luùstbk prâtakh% be ast vrlb% qua eaur oghârltbgk raeltbva

taklbt surtgut ê eaur bopubsslkda 4+ Be rlbeea vgegktbars eaur patbt

kgonra 9+ El rlbsgk prbkdbplea ha dat âdfad ast slks hguta hlks

el træs vbgeakta parsâdutbgk qu'aut ê sunbr% hæs sl klbsslkda at

pakhlkt nbak has lkkâas% el kguvaeea Âèbsa+ Eas Zlroâkblkbstass'ldflrkærakt dgktra aeea% dfardfærakt ê e'axtarobkar% eub bktak/

tærakt uka sârba ha prgdæs pgur el rastbtutbgk has nlsbebquas <+

Ak 40>% bes prgibtærakt ha eaur leeblkda lvad Ibrous pgur el

trlquar slks oardb% lvad e'lbha has làkts at has trgupas hu`rlkh/dfai tgut pubsslkt hlks el râ`bgk 6

+ Ea ^g`ltbsoa râsbstl

pgurtlkt% olbs ak sa rlolsslkt ha peus ak peus sur eub/oíoahlks sgk plys h'grb`bka+ Yars 8:6% be ka dgoptlbt peus qu'ukahbzlbka h'âvíquas 2

+ Tgk dfai âtlbt legrs Ybkdaktbus% suddassaurbooâhbltha^g`ltus% at% dgooaeub% âvíquahaDlrtakkl <:

+ Dgrras/

pgkhlkt h'Luùstbk% at sgk lkdbak dlolrlha lux âdgeas ha Dlr/

tbelà% Ybkdaktbus âtlbt igrt astboâ ha e'âvæqua h'Fbppgka.+ Be

t" Dgktrl A "bseuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

<<% <03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9:% 04=Tarog <46% <:3 Apbse+ 60% <:3 24% 4% << 3

24% 6+ >8+

>" Apbse+ 24% < 3 Dgktrl ApbstueloZlroabbbotb% B% <:% <:3 Bk MgflkkbsAvukàebuo trldtl eus V% 9+

4" Gptît% BB% <6/<2+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk%+ 24% 4% <<+

8" Ea sdfbsoa ha ^g`ltus as" pgstârbaurê e'âhbt ha Muebak &Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 24% 8%

<>"% ae lktârbaur l el râvgeta ha B rous&Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:%

<93 <<% <0"+ El ruptura s'ast hgkd prghubta%

lu peus tøt% ak 494% lu peus elrh% ak 40<%

paut/ítra hæs 494+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 4% <<+

9" Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl Hg/kltbsels% 4% 93 Apbst+ 24% 9% >:/><3 24%

6% >8/>93 24% <<% 82+

0" Apbst+ 24% 4% <<3 24% 8%<>+

6" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

<:% <93 <<% <03 Dgktrl ebtearls Zatbeblkb%

<<% 64% <683 Apbst+ 60% <:+

2" Apbst+ 24% &b% e;:/><+

<:" Apbst+ 24% < 3 24% 9% >:/><+

<<" Bnbh+% 24% <+




aut has hbsdbpeas aktfgusblstas% dgooa da Ybkdaktbus Ybdtgr

qub ibkbt plr sa rleebar ê e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% olbs qub k'ak dgk/sarvlbt pls ogbks uk vârbtlnea dueta pgur el oâogbra ha sgklkdbak olëtra'+ D'ast legrs% vars 8>:% qua ea ^g`ltbsoa hbspl/

rlbt ha e'fbstgbra+

El dgksâquakda el peus `rlva hu sdfbsoa ha ^g`ltus iut h'akprâplrar h'lutras% ak guvrlkt el vgba ê el ebnra ilktlbsba has sad/

tlbras+ Hâsgrolbs% eas oâdgktakts hu plrtb ka radueærakt peus

havlkt uka ruptura+ E'axaopea iut subvb nbaktøt plr e'uk hasfgooas qub fgkgrlbakt ea peus e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt+ Xydgkbus%

paksaur h'asprbt bkhâpakhlkt% fbstgrbak at tfâgeg`bak âob/kakt% lvlbt dgktastâ el eâ`btbobtâ has prbkdbpas ha el sadta >

+

Tgooâ ha sa râtrldtar% be raiusl% iut axdgooukbâ vars 46: plruk dgkdbea% at hâsgrolbs vâdut ê plrt 4

+ Be ka saonea pls lvgbrigkhâ h'Âèbsa hbstbkdta3 olbs% plr sgk lttbtuha at plr sas

guvrlàs% be hut aktrlëkar nbak has hâiadtbgks+ D'ast vars ea

oíoa taops% slks hguta% qua sa prghubsbt ê Dlrtflà ea sdfbsoahas Deluhblkbstas &Deluhblkbstla"

<''+ Be aut prgnlneaoakt pgur

dfai da Deluhblkus qub lvlbt âtâ âvíqua hgkltbsta ê ^goa% at

qub% nlkkb ha el dlpbtlea ê dlusa ha sas quaraeeas lvad ea plpaHlolsa% âtlbt ravaku ê Dlrtflà pgur s'y quaraeear lvad Zlr/oakblkus'+ H'lbeeaurs% da sdfbsoa plrlët k'lvgbr au luduk sud/

dæs ak hafgrs ha Dlrtflà3 at be ka hurl ùæra% quaequas lkkâassaueaoakt+ Ak 42>% lu hânut ha e'âpbsdgplt ha Zrboblkus% eas Delu/hblkbstas sa râdgkdbebærakt lvad el `rlkha Âèbsa hbssbhakta% qubibt tgus eas irlbs ha el râdgkdbebltbgk% sb e'gk ak muà plr eas lddu/

sltbgks pgrtâas ê da sumat dgktra ea prbolt U Oaktbgkkgks akdgra%

vars datta âpgqua% haux lutras sdfbsoas tgut egdlux% sur easquaeskgus k'lvgks pls ha hgkkâas axpebdbtas = daeub has Qrnlkaoashlks uk hbstrbdt ha Kuobhba% daeub has Lrzuyas ak Xrbpgebtlbka

gu hlks ea Tuh ha el Nyzldæka 0+

Yars el ibk ha 42>% uk kguvalu sdfbsoa% peus hlkàraux quatgus eas prâdâhakts% âdeltl sguhlbk ê Dlrtflà% at% ha eê% `l`klrlpbhaoakt uka `rlkha plrtba has prgvbkdas ha e'Ast+ Kguslvgks rldgktâ peus flut eas grb`bkas hu Olxboblkbsoa &plrs

Olxboblkb'% Olxboblkbstla 3 Olxboblkaoasy % at sas euttas hrl/<" Ha lkbol at amus grb`bka% BBB% >+ &Olksb% DgkdbE% t+ BBB% p+ 9>9"+ ‘ Di+

>" @akklhbus% Ha sdrbptgr+ addeas+% <6 3 Gptît% BB% 8+

Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseutlo Zlroakblkb% 9" Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >:3

B% <3 F% >>% 8>3 BBB% 4% <03 Apbst+ 24% <:% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 2% <<+

84/883 >82+ 0" Apbst+ 24% 6% >83 Dgktrl Drasdg/

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroa/ kbuo% BY% 9:% 04+

kblkb% B% <+ 6" Apbst+ 84% 2% >9 = « Zlrs Olxboblkb

8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY % 2% <<+ g+goplrltl plrtb Zrboblkb ³+ ‘ DE Apbst+

(" Apbsekel dgkdbebb rgolkb lkk+ 4X6 <:6% <3 Tarog <46% <:3 Dgktrl Apbstuelo

BY 2



<4: E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

oltbquas dgktra ea plrtb ha Zrboblkus = quaraeeas hu prboltlvad sgk hbldra Olxboblkus3 saktakda lrnbtrlbra h'axdgoou/

kbdltbgk dgktra Olxboblkus at trgbs lutras hbldras3 vlbkas prg/tastltbgks has sakbgras3 lppae has kgtlneas ê tgus eas âvíquashgkltbstas3 dgkhlokltbgk ha Zrboblkus plr uk dgkdbea ha Dlr/tbelà% ê el ibk ha 42> ' 3 kguvaeeas vbgeakdas hu prbolt3 hâpgsb/tbgk ha Zrboblkus plr ea dgkdbea olxboblkbsta ha Dlnlrsussl%ak 424-3 axdgooukbdltbgk ha Olxboblkus at ha sas plrtbslksplr ea dgkdbea prboblkbsta ha Nl`lç% ak 428 4

3 egk`s at oue/tbpeas prgdæs aktra eas haux plrtbs pgur el pgssassbgk has nlsb/

ebquas -3 râdgkdbebltbgk h'lssaz kgonraux Olxboblkbstas lvad

eas Zrboblkbstas vlbkquaurs% ak 420 U E'Âèbsa olxboblkbsta%qub lvlbt rleebâ peus ha dakt âvíquas 9

% k'ak survâdut pls ogbksê sl hâilbta3 aeea axbstlbt akdgra ak 8<< 0

+

Dfgsa durbausa% at pgurtlkt eg`bqua% el hâilbta oíoa huOlxboblkbsoa aut pgur dgksâquakda ha ouetbpebar eas sdfbsoas+Ea plrtb ha Zrboblkus% pgur ildbebtar ea ratgur has plrtbslks haOlxboblkus% lvlbt hâdbhâ ha elbssar ieâdfbr ea prbkdbpa ê eaur

prgibt% at ha eas ldduabeebr slks eas ranlptbsar 6+ Datta dgkdassbgk%

hbdtâa plr el pgebtbqua% bkhb`kl eas bktrlksbàlkts% qub% hatgutas plrts% rakbærakt e'Âèbsa ha Zrboblkus+ Qk vakt hasdfbsoa sguiiel sur el dgktrâa+ Zlrtgut sa dgkstbtuærakt hassadtas egdleas% has Âèbsas obkusdueas% mlegusas ha eaur aktbæra

bkhâpakhlkda% tgutas prâtakhlkt ítra saueas ê `lrhar ea saksha el vrlba raeb`bgk% ea ogkgpgea hu vrlb nlptíoa = « Ogbks bes

sgkt kgonraux% hbt Luùstbk% peus bes drgbakt ítra rastâs hapurs Hgkltbstas+++ Ea plrtb ha Hgklt s'ast nrbsâ ak uka ouetbtuha

ha oakuas plrdaeeas3 at tgutas das oakuas plrdaeeas h'A ebsaneîoakt e'Âèbsa naludgup peus `rlkha ha Zrboblkus h'lvgbr

hâdelrâ vlelnea ea nlptíoa has Olxboblkbstas3 dflduka h'aeeas

Zlroakblkb% B% <:% <93 Lh ÀltfgbbdgsApbstuel dgktrl Hgklebsels% <8% 493''gutrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0+

" Tarog BB bkZslto+ 49% <2/>: 3Apbst+b'b% 2% >93 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 03@astl duo Aoarbeg% 2+

>" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% /eu= Apbs t+

<:6% >% 13 <8<% 93 <61% 8% <03 Dgktrl5'r%3+sdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0 3 80% 10 3 Hafuaras+%92+

4" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 14/19% 12/9>3 BY% 4</8:%46/803 @as el duo Aoarbtg%2/<<3 Apbst+ 1<% >3 14% 4% 93 os% 1% <1 3

<8<% 9+

8" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B+

<:/<4% <9[>:3 BB% 4% 03 Dgktrl ebttarls

Zatbeblkb% BB% 16% <4>3 DgkerlDrasdgku bbb%

BBB% 19% 9> 3 12% 91 3 BY% 4/8% 4/1 3 86% 16 3

99% 6>3 @astl duo Aoarbtg% 23 Apbst+

1<% >/1 3 0:% > = 09% 4/8 3 <:6% >% 1 at subv+


8% 23 BB% 4% 03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

<1% <63 >8% >03 9:% 993 BY% 1<%9< = Apbst+

1<% >/83 14% 4% 9 3 0:% < 3 <:6% >% 1+

9" Apbst+ <:6% >% 13 <8<% 93 DgktrlApbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 8% 63 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% Yi% 9% 03 16%923 @astlduoAoarbtg% 2+

0" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <:3 Luùsebk%

Dgktrl +eu ebl ku o% BBB% < % 1+

Luùstbk% B;a nlpebsog% <% 9% 63

Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <1% <63 9:% 993BY% <%<3 @astl duo Aoarbtg% 23 Apbst+

1<% B 14% 4% 93 <:6% >% 13 <61% 8% <0+



AVXAKTBGKAX TDFBTOAT <4<

s'aiigrda ha hâogktrar qua el trlhbtbgk hu vrlb nlptíoa s'ast

dgksarvâa saueaoakt dfaz aeea% at kueea plrt lbeeaurs ³'+ TubvlktLuùstbk% eas sdfbsoas hgkltbstas s'âtlbakt taeeaoakt ouetb/pebâs ak Kuobhba% ak Olurâtlkba% ê Dlrtflà oíoa% qua par/sgkka% kb Dltfgebqua% kb Hgkltbsta% ka pguvlbt ak hrassar ea

dgopta axldt% kb sbopeaoakt dgkklëtra e'axbstakda at ea kgo hadas pgussbæras h'Âèbsa >

+ D'ast prgnlneaoakt uka ha das patbtas

dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas qub ast oaktbgkkâa sur uk dbppahaTâtbi% hu dgooakdaoakt hu v a sbædea = gk y ebt e'âpbtlpfa ha hauxibhæeas qub lpplrtaklbakt

lu «plrtb ha Xrb`lrbus³ &plrsXrb`lrb" 4

+

Das bkkgonrlneas sdfbsoas egdlux dgktrbnuærakt âvbhao/oakt ê liilbnebr ea Hgkltbsoa+ Olbs bes âtlbakt sb rastrabkts% at%

h'lbeeaurs% bes kgus sgkt sb pau dgkkus gu sb dgopeætaoaktbkdgkkus% qua kgus k'lvgks pls ê ak takbr dgopta pgur hrassarel dlrta ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka lu hânut hu Ya sbædea+ L da

ogoakt% ea Deluhblkbsoa lvlbt hbsplru ê Dlrtflà 83 ea ^g`l/

tbsoa k'âtlbt peus raprâsaktâ qua plr uka hbzlbka h'âvíquas hlksel râ`bgk ha Dlreakkl'+ L el vabeea ha el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<%trgbs `rlkhas Aèbsas rastlbakt saueas ak prâsakda = daeea haOlxboblkus% daeea ha Zrboblkus% at e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Gk pauthâtarobkar lvad lssaz ha prâdbsbgk quaes âtlbakt eaurs hgolbkasraspadtbis at eaur bopgrtlkda raeltbva+

Ea Olxbrkblkbsoa lvlbt âtâ% pakhlkt peusbaurs lkkâas% ukapubsslkta Âèbsa = be lvlbt akvgyâ lu dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsusslpeus ha dakt âvíquas 9

+ Be âtlbt nbak liçlbneb hapubs el vbdtgbra

has Zrboblkbstas at el trlfbsgk ha peusbaurs ha sas dfais'+ <<

parhlbt dflqua lkkâa uka plrtba ha sas ibhæeas+ Ha ogbks akogbks% be pguvlbt euttar plr ea kgonra lvad eas Zrboblkbstas%qub% hæs ea hânut% lvlbakt trgbs igbs peus h'lhaptas3 e'âdlrt lu`/oaktlbt ha mgur ak mgur+ Dapakhlkt% ak 8<<% e'Âèbsa olxbobl/kbsta dgoptlbt akdgra ak Lirbqua3 sas âvíquas râdeloærakt eaur

lhobssbgk ê el Dgkiârakda% at% h'lbeeaurs% assuyærakt uk raius .+

Ea daktra hu plrtb iut tgumgurs ak Nyzldæka at ak Xrbpgebtlbka2

+

U" Ha nlptbsog% <% 9% 6+ klebstls pGst Dgeeît+% >>% 40 3 @asel duo>" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB% Aoarbeg% 2+

8% >83 Ha nlptbsog% BB% <<% <9 3 Apbst+ 0" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <%

24% 6% >( 3 Bk Mgclkkbs Avlkàebuo trld/ 8% 23 <<%4%03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%

tl&«s V% 9+ <1%<63 >8% >03 9:% 993 BY% 1<%9< 3 Apbst+

4" D+ + E+% YBBB% 691:+ 1<% >/83 14% 4% 93 <:6% >% 1+

8" Luùstbk% Tarogeebk Zsleo+ 49% >:3 T" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <:3 Luùstbk%

Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 2% <<+ Dgktrl Mueblkuo% <<<% <% 1+

1" A mbst+ 24% 9% >:/><+ 2" Luùstbk% Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbseuel

9" Apbst+ <:6% >% 1 3 <8<% 93 Dgktrl dgktrl Hgkêtbstls% 4% 93 <2% 1<3 Dgktrl

Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% <% 8% 6 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 16%92 3 Apbst+ 24% 6%>8+

Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0 3 16%92/0:3 Lh Hg/



<4> E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

Ea Olxboblkbsoa lvlbt uk âvíqua ê Dlrtflà% at h'lutras hbg/

dæsas ak Zrgdgksuelbra3 olbs% vars e'Guast% be s'âtlbt nrbsâ dgktra

el râsbstlkda hu Zrboblkbsoa+ Be âtlbt ê pau præs dgopeætaoaktbkdgkku ak Kuobhba at hlks eas Olurâtlkbas+ Luùstbk olrquanbak el sbtultbgk raspadtbva has haux Âèbsas hgkltbstas = « Hlkstgutas eas râ`bgks ha e'Lirbqua gò be y l has Olxboblkbstas% gkrakdgktra lussb has dgoouklutâs prboblkbstas3 olbs hlks eas

lutras plrtbas ha e'Lirbqua% nbak peus kgonrausas at nbak peusvlstas% gk ka slurlbt trguvar uk saue Olxboblkbsta% ê ogbksqu'be k'y vgylà ³'+

E'Âèbsa ha Zrboblkus rastlbt hgkd ak 8<<% at ha naludgup% elprbkdbplea Âèbsa hbssbhakta+ Tauea% aeea s'âtakhlbt sur tguta

e'Lirbqua eltbka+ Tlks hguta% aeea lvlbt âtâ liilbneba plr el hâiad/

tbgk ha kgonraux ibhæeas% plr el eutta dgktra ea Olxboblkbsoaat lutras sdfbsoas% plr el parsâdutbgk hgkt e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha8:1 lvlbt hgkkâ ea sb`kle+ Olbs aeea lvlbt râsbstâ ê tgut3 aeea

lvlbt oíoa râussb ê dgkdaktrar ha kguvalu sas igrdas3 ê el

vabeea ha el Dgkiârakda% aeea saonelbt akdgra lussb pubsslktaqua mlolbs+ Aeea lvlbt tgumgurs pgur daktra h'ldtbgk Dlrtflà%pgur daktra ha râsbstlkda el Kuobhba 3 olbs aeea dgksarvlbth'bkkgonrlneas hbgdæsas nbak egbk ha eê% hlks tgutas eas prg/vbkdas lirbdlbkas% hapubs elXrbpgebtlbkaat el Nyzldæka musqu'luxaxtrâobtâs ha el Olurâtlkba-+ Zlrtgut% aeea taklbt títa ê e'Âèbsa

dltfgebqua+

Gk ea dgkstltl giibdbaeeaoakt ea < ar mubk 8<<% ê el praobærasâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà+ \ulkh gk ibt ea radaksa/oakt has haux plrtbs% gk dgoptl haux dakt sgbxlkta/hbx/kaui

âvgquas prboblkbstas prâsakts% slks plrear has lnsakts at hassbæàs vldlkts+ Hlks ea dlop lhvarsa% gk akra`bstrl eas sb`kl/turas ha haux dakt qultra/vbk`t/sbx âvíquas dltfgebquas prâ/

sakts3 dakt vbk`t lutras âtlbakt lnsakts3 sgbxlkta/qultra sbæàs

âtlbakt vldlkts 4+ Eas haux plrtbs âtlbakt ê pau præs h'â`lea

igrda+ Eas Zrboblkbstas e'aopgrtlbakt ak Kuobhba plr ea kgonrahas âvídfâs 8

3 eas Dltfgebquas% hlks eas lutras prgvbkdas% surtgutak Zrgdgksuelbra 9

+

<" @gkerl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 16% 0:+

>b Dgeeît+ Dlreibl3 +% B% < de <82/><:3Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 16%92/0:+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <%><4/><<3 Luùs/tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <83 Lh e;gkl/tbstls pgse Dgeelb+% >8% 8<+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <93;3 Luùstbk%Lh Dle fgebdgs Apbs euel dgktrl Qgkltbs/tls% <2%1<3 Apbst+ <>2% 93 Tarog BB bk

e'sleo+ 49% <2 = « Xu ebnb sarvlstb Kuob/hblo ³+

1" « Ha ebbs egdbs hbdb varbssboa pgtubtunb kgstrgruodgapbsdgpgkob at dearbdgruoltqua elbdgruo egkà olmgr ast kuoarus%at olxboa bk Zrgdgksuelrb prgvbkdbl =

qulkqulo% axdaptl Kuobhbl dgksuelrb%atblobk dâearbs prgvbkdbbs lirbdlbks kgstrg/rbbbbb kuoârg ildbeeboa &HgkltbstlaM supa/rakeur ³ &Eattra lhrassâa au 8<<% lu prâ/



G^@LKBTLXBGK <44

Da iut ea harkbar `rlkh mgur hu Hgkltbsoa+ Lu eakhaolbk hael

Dgkiârakda%el

parsâdutbgk radgooakàl% peustarrbnea%

peussystâoltbqua% peus aiibdlda qua mlolbs+ Aeea hurl nbak has `âkâ/rltbgks% h'lngrh musqu'ê e'lrrbvâa has nlrnlras% pubs sgus el

hgobkltbgk has Ylkhleas at has Nyzlktbks+ Ole`râ sl râsbstlkdaâkar`bqua% e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta hâdrut ha mgur ak mgur+ Aeea vbt el

ogrt `l`kar pau ê pau sas egbktlbkas axtrâobtâs% ak Zrgdgksu/elbra% ak Nyzldæka% ak Xrbpgebtlbka% pubs ak Olurâtlkba+ Aeea kadgksarvl qu'lu dŔur sl igrda vbtlea = hlks datta Kuobhba qubeub lvlbt hgkkâ e'ítra% gò aeea lvlbt vâdu ha sl vba el peusbktaksa% at gò e'gk ast tgut surprbs ha el ratrguvar nbak vbvlktahaux sbædeas peus tlrh+

YBB

Gr`lkbsltbgk has Aèbsas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Aeeas dgksarvakt eas bkstbtutbgks lktârbauraslu sdfbsoa% olbs rapgussakt eas bkkgvltbgks has Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Eas hbgdæsas+‘ Bes ka dgçkdbhakt pls plrtgut lvad eas hbgdæsas dltfgebquas+ ‘ Eas plrgbssasrurleas at eas plrgbssas urnlbkas+ ‘ Eas nlsbebquas+ ‘ Eas dboatbæras+ ‘ Easnbaks h'Aèbsa+ ‘ ^bdfassa ha dartlbkas dgoouklutâs+ ‘ Lhobkbstrltbgk+ ‘Eas sakbgras elbh+ ‘ El fbârlrdfba addeâsblstbqua+ ‘ Eas deards+ ‘ Eas vbaràssldrâas at eas dgktbkakts+ ‘ Dgkhlokltbgk ha el vba ogklstbqua+ ‘ &çrlkhalutgrbtâ has âvíquas+ ‘ El tæta h'Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb+ ‘ Eas prgvbkdasaddeâsblstbquas+ ‘ Ea prbolt ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Ea prbolt ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Easdgkdbeas+ ‘ El ebtur`ba+ ‘ âius h'lhoattra dartlbkas iítas kguvaeeas% lhgptâasplr eas Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Dueta has lkdbaks olrtyrs at has olrtyrs hgkltbstas+ ‘Hgdtrbka at ebtur`ba hu flptæoa+ ‘ ^btas ha el râdgkdbebltbgk has Dltfgebquasdgkvartbs lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Ibhâebtâ lu sguvakbr ha slbkt Dyprbak at ê el trlhbtbgk

lirbdlbka+ ‘ El ^bnea hgkltbsta+ ‘ El hbsdbpebka+ ‘ E'bhâle âvlk`âebqua+ ‘ ^øeaha e'Asprbt slbkt+ ‘ Obrldeas at vbsbgks hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrâtaktbgk ê e'lustârbtâ at

ê el puratâ+ ‘ Eas « Tlbkts ³+ ‘ Kgonrausas hâilbeelkdas+ ‘ Eas trbnukluxaddeâsblstbquas+ ‘ Axdgooukbdltbgks+ ‘ Hâpgsbtbgk h'âvíquas gu ha deards+ ‘Tdfbsoa gu fârâsba 7 ‘ Hgkltbstas saob/lrbaks+ ‘ Eas Hgkltbstas k'âtlbakt plsdgksbhârâs h'lngrh dgooa has fârâtbquas+ ‘ Xâogb`klàs h'Gptlt at h'Luùs/tbk+ ‘ Egb h'Fgkgrbus qub lssbobea hâibkbtbvaoakt lux fârâtbquas eas sdfbsol/tbquas lirbdlbks+

Hlks e'gr`lkbsltbgk ha eaurs Âèbsas% das Hgkltbstas sb

nltlbeeaurs at sb bktrlksbàlkts% sb râvgeutbgkklbras ak lppl/rakda% gkt âtâ h'gnstbkâs dgksarvltaurs+ D'ast eê% h'lbeeaurs%

uk trlbt dgoouk lux fârâtbquas at lux sdfbsoltbquas ha tgus

eas taops = ea sdfbsoa gu e'fârâsba gkt prasqua tgumgurs pgurpgbkt ha hâplrt uk ra`rat hu plssâ% el prâtaktbgk gu ea ríva haraogktar ê el sgurda h'uka raeb`bgk% ê el hbsdbpebka gu ê el

igb ha e'îà lpgstgebqua+ Lux lspbrltbgks vars e'bhâle âvlk`â/ebqua% eas Hgkltbstas mgb`kbrakt uk vârbtlnea dueta pgur el

vbabeea trlhbtbgk lirbdlbka% qua rakblbakt ak plrtba eaurs lhvar/

sbhake ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% plr tfl`+% B% <63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2% 9"+

eas âvtquas dltfgebquas = Dgeeît+ Dlr/




slbras+ E'gr`lkbsltbgk ha eaurs Âèbsas s'axpebqua plr dahgunea prbkdbpa = bes dgksarvlbakt pbausaoakt tgutas eas bkstb/

tutbgks lktârbauras lu sdfbsoa% bes rapgusslbakt systâoltbqua/oakt eas bkkgvltbgks lhobsas plr eas Dltfgebquas hapubs el

ruptura Axdaptbgk ilbta pgur quaequas oghbibdltbgks ha hâtlbe

qu'bopgslbakt has dbrdgkstlkdas kguvaeeas% ea Hgkltbsoa ast

rastâ da qu'âtlbt ea Dltfgebdbsoa lirbdlbk hlks eas praobæraslkkâas hu bv a sbædea+

Lu hânut hu sdfbsoa% eas hbssbhakts lvlbakt dgksarvâ% slks yrbak dflkàr% eas hbgdæsas hgkt bes lvlbakt râussb ê sa rakhraolëtras+ Musqu'lu ngut% el dgkstbtutbgk bktârbaura has dbrdgks/drbptbgks sdfbsoltbquas ast haoaurâa ê pau præs da qu'aeea

âtlbt ak 4<>+ Olbs hlks ea dgurs hu bv a sbædea% ê oasura qua ea

dfrbstblkbsoa `l`klbt eas dlopl`kas% eas Hgkltbstas iuraktloakâs% dgooa eas Dltfgebquas% ê hâebobtar kattaoakt eas

hbgdæsas% at sguvakt ê ak luòaktar ea kgonra+ Hlks datta

Ŕuvra ha hâebobtltbgk at ha drâltbgks kguvaeeas% dflduk hashaux plrtbs ak prâsakda l prgdâhâ klturaeeaoakt dgooa be

e'aktakhlbt% subvlkt sas bktâríts prgpras+ Lussb dgkstltgks/kgus

qu'lu taops h'Luùstbk% naludgup ha hbgdæsas hgkltbstas kadgçkdbhlbakt pls lvad eas hbgdæsas dltfgebquas '+

Zlr axaopea% ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8O% gk radgkkut qua eas

Zrboblkbstas k'lvlbakt pls h'âvøqua hlks uk dartlbk kgonra haegdlebtâs gò râsbhlbt uk âvgqua dltfgebqua >

+ Zlrigbs% ea Hgkl/tbsta âtlbt ogrt% at k'lvlbt pls âtâ raopeldâ'+ Lbeeaurs% eas

hbssbhakts âtlbakt sb pau kgonraux% qu'gk sa dgktaktlb, ha eaurakvgyar uk prítra gu uk hbldra% sgus e'lutgrbtâ ha e'âvgqua

vgbsbk-+ Hlks quaequas akhrgbts%be

k'y lvlbt oíoa pls hadeard hbssbhakt.+ L Obhbhb% ak Nyzldæka% e'âvíqua dltfgebquak'lvlbt ak ilda ha eub qu'uk prítra sdfbsoltbqua% rlttldfâ lusbæà ha Tubas 9

3 ê Yaàsael ha Nyzldæka% uk prítra hbssbhakt

qub hâpakhlbt ha e'âvíqua ha Dbeebuo'+ Oíoa sbtultbgk ê

Qsuel% ê Xrgigkblkl% ak Nyzldæka3 ê Dlsla Dlelkla% akKuobhba 6

+ Ea dls sa prâsaktlbt peus sguvakt akdgra ak Zrgdgk/suelbra% gò e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua lvlbt raeltbvaoakt pauh'lhfârakts 2

+ L Dlkgpd% ê Qdfb Olmus% ê ]urb% pls h'âvíquaprboblkbsta bk

+ L Lnzbrb% uk sbopea prítra% akvgyâ plr e'âvíqua

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <%98/913 22/<843 1" øth+%<% <>< 3 <>93 <>63 <443 <41/<49+

<82/><:+ 9" «ti+% B% <8>+

>" Lbh+% B% <>: de subv+ 7" '.; '/ <=b=b /

enbh+% B% <>:/<>< 3 <>93 <>6= <443 6" Bnbh+% B% <>9 ae B

| <42+ 2" enbh+% B% <63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2%9+

8" Bnbh+%e% <>93 <>63 <44 3 <8>+ <:" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <44+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <41

h'Qtfbkl <

3 ê Oaèlpgebs% uk prítra hâpakhlkt hu sbæà haOlxuel-+

Hlks naludgup h'lutras egdlebtâs% d'âtlbt e'bkvarsa = eas

Dltfgebquas k'y lvlbakt qu'uk prítra gu uk hbldra% gu bes k'ylvlbakt luduk deard% ak ilda h'uk âvíqua prboblkbsta 1

+ Xae

âtlbt ea dls ha el vbeea ha Kuobhbl% præs Tuilslr% ak OlurâtlkbaDâslrbakka -

3 has vbeeas ha Dlnlrsussl at ha Oldgolhas% akNyzldæka 1

+ D'ast prbkdbpleaoakt hlks eas dbtâs kuobhas% gòeas Zrboblkbstas âtlbakt sguvakt eas olëtras% qua eas Dltfg/ebquas rakgkàlbakt ê aktratakbr uk âvíqua ê aux% ak ilda ha

e'âvíqua hgkltbsta9

+ D'ast da qua kgus gnsarvgks hlks eas vbeeaskuobhas h'Lqula 0

% ha Dlaslrblkl s% ha Dlsla Nlstlela 2

% haDlslaKb`rla <:

% ha Dahbls u% ha @aoaeela '/% haElonbrbhb %4

% haElob``b`l u

% ha Elozaeel <T% ha Kgvl Zatrl <9

% ha ^gtlrbl %0% ha

ûstbdblkl %6% ha Tbùs '''% ha Xfbnbebs >:

%ha ]artl >B

+

Eê oíoa gò eas hbgdæsas has haux plrtbs dgçkdbhlbakt ê paupræs% be lrrbvlbt qua eas haux âvíquas rbvlux k'aussakt pls el

oíoa râsbhakda+ D'ast da qua e'gk dgkstlta% plr axaopea% hlksea hbgdæsa ha Tbkklr% præs ha Tbddl% ak Kuobhba Zrgdgksuelbra =

e'âvíqua dltfgebqua râsbhlbt ê Tbkklr% at e'âvíqua hgkltbsta êTbddakkl/'+

L el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% eas haux plrtbs s'lddusærakt outuae/eaoakt h'lvgbr drââ slks rlbsgk ha kguvalux hbgdæsas% pgurmatar haeê pguhra lux yaux% pgur l`br sur e'gpbkbgk ak axl`â/rlkt eaur igrda lpplrakta / 4

+ Ak dartlbks akhrgbts% Hgkltbstas guDltfgebquas lvlbakt âtlneb has âvíquas hlks ha sbopeas ngur`s%musqua hlks ha `rlkhs hgolbkas+ Xâogbk da hblegùa+ ‘ EaDltfgebqua &Leypa ha Xfl`lsta" = « \u'be sgbt ldqubs qua tgusdas âvíquas hgkltbstas gkt âtâ grhgkkâs hlks has vbe la gu hasiukhb% at kgk hlks has dbtâs ³+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsta &Zatbeblkus haDgkstlktbka" = « Be ak ast ha oíoa pgur vgus% qub lvaz naludguph'âvíquas hbsparsâs hlks tgutas eas dlopl`kas+ Nbak peus% eê

gò vgus lvaz tlkt h'âvíquas% be ka eaur olkqua qua has ibhæeas ³ >8+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <>6+ <4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >:9+

>" enbh+% B% <44+ <8" Bnbh+% B% <60+

4" enbh+% B% <10 ae subv+ <1" Bnbh+%B% >:9+

8" enbh+% B <66+ <9" enbh+% B% <60+

f" enbh+% B% <20 at >:6+ <0" Bnbh+

9" enbh+% <103 <943 <913 <6>3 <60/<663 <6" enbh+% B% <26+

<20/<263 >:</>:>= >:9 3 >:6+ <2" enbh+% B% <20+

0" enbh+% B% <26+ >:" Bnbh+

6" enbh+% B% <66+ ><" enbh+% B% <60+

2" enbh+ >>" enbh+% <% <44+

<:" enbh+% B% <10+ >4" Bnbh+m <% 91 3 < <03 <>9 3 <4:3 <6</<6>3<<" enbh+% B% <94+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <>+

<>" enbh+% <% >:9+ >8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <6</<6>+





G^@LKBTLXBGK <40

eas vbeeas gò bes k'lvlbakt pls h'âvíqua% bes dgkiblbakt ê uk

prítra% sgus el survabeelkda ha e'âvíqua vgbsbk% ea `guvarka/oakt ha el dgoouklutâ <

+ D'ast da qua kgus dgkstltgks hlkseas vbeeas h'Lnzbrb% ha Dlkgpa% ha Oaèlpgebs% h'Qdfb Olmus% ha]urb% ak Zrgdgksuelbra 6

3 ha Dlsla Dlelkla% ak Kuobhba 43 ha

Obhbhb% ha Xrgigkblkl% h'Qsuel% ha Yaàsael% ak Nyzldæka 8+

R lvlbt/be â`leaoakt ha vârbtlneas plrgbssas hlks eas `rlkhasdbtâs âpbsdgpleas7 D'ast da qu'gk ka slurlbt hbra+ Zgur e'Âèbsa

dltfgebqua aeea/oíoa% hlks e'Lirbqua ha da taops% el quastbgk

rasta bkdartlbka = slui pgur Dlrtflà% qub âtlbt hbvbsâa ak« râ`bgks ³ addeâsblstbquas &ra`bgkas"% lylkt dflduka sl nlsb/

ebqua% sgk hbldra% sgk dear`â spâdble 1+

H'bkkgonrlneas ogkuoakts% hlks tgutas eas plrtbas hae'Lirbqua% gkt âtâ peus gu ogbks egk`taops% sguvakt ê peu/

sbaurs raprbsas% dgksldrâs lu dueta hgkltbsta+ Xgut âvíqua hbssb/

hakt lvlbt klturaeeaoakt sl dltfâhrlea3 tguta plrgbssa% urnlbkagu rurlea% pgssâhlbt lu ogbks uka dflpaeea 3 ak naludgup h'ak/

hrgbts% ea egk` has rgutas% hlks eas dboatbæras% hlks eas

hgolbkas% s'âeavlbakt has slkdtulbras ha olrtyrs 9+ Lu hânut

hu sdfbsoa% eas hbssbhakts k'aurakt pls ê sa oattra ak irlbs

pgur dgkstrubra has âèbsas = eas âvíquas rleebâs lvad eaurs

ibhæeas lu plrtb ha Olmgrbkus gu ha Hgklt% sa dgktaktærakt has'lpprgprbar daeeas hgkt bes lvlbakt hbspgsâ musqua/eê pgur ea

dueta dltfgebqua <+ Hlks eas vbeeas gò el pgpueltbgk âtlbt plrtl/

`âa aktra eas haux dlops% eas sdfbsoltbquas prâtakhbraktplrtlàr lussb eas booauneas ha e'lkdbakka dgoouklutâ+ Zlr/

tgut gò bes ea purakt% bes s'aoplrærakt h'uka gu peusbaursâèbsas = d'ast da qub lrrbvl% plr axaopea% ê Dlrtflà'+ Zeustlrh% qulkh eas haux plrtbs sa iurakt gr`lkbsâs gu râgr`lkbsâshlks tgus eas hbgdæsas lirbdlbks% eas Hgkltbstas hurakt rakgkdarê da ogyak prltbqua ha sa prgdurar has ebaux ha dueta+ Hu mgurgò bes sa obrakt ê nîtbr pgur eaur dgopta% bes iurakt ha `rlkhsat bktrâpbhas nîtbssaurs+ Gptît eas lddusa h'lvgbr dgkstrubt

naludgup ha nlsbebquas u kgk kâdasslbras ³M

+ Gk paut sa haolk/har% be ast vrlb% sb uk lhvarslbra âtlbt ngk muà ha datta

<" Dgeeît+ Dlreibl`+% B% <>9 3 <>6 3 <44 3 sbgkbnus at prlahbdebgkbnks Hab% BY% 9% <:+

<8>+ 9" Dgkdbe+ Dlreibl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ >+

>" enbh+% B% <>6 at <44+ 0" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 8/<4 3 Luùstbk% Dgk/4" enbh+% B% <44+ trl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <4% >: 3

8< enbh+% B% <>9 3 <443 <8>+ Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <<% 84% <:>3 16%

1" D+ <+ ++% Y<<B% <48>4 3 >>919% 4: 3 D+ <4> 3 2>% >:1 3 2<% >>8+

^+ ha YLdlh+ has eksdrbpt++ <2:9% p+ <><3 6" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 8/<4+

Olusb% Dgkdbe+% t <<<% p+ 060 3 022 = <<123 2" « Nlsbebdls iadaruut kgk kadasslrbls ³

t+ BY% p+ 829 3 8263 1:: 3 t+ YB BB% p+ 9863 &Gptît% <<<% U"+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% DgktrlLuùstbk% Tarog <1/ Ebnar ha prgobs/ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <<% <6 3 <4% >:+



<46 e'âèbsa hgkltista

« kâdassbtâ ³+ Ea ilbt dartlbk% d'ast qua eas Hgkltbstas âeaværakt

ha tgus dgtâs has nlsbebquas% musqua hlks eas dlopl`kas at eas

`rlkhs hgolbkas rurlux < +

Ea kgonra ha das slkdtulbras hgkltbstas vlrbl klturaeea/

oakt saegk eas taops% subvlkt eas pârbpâtbas ha el eutta ak`l/`âa aktra eas haux plrtbs+ Tuddassbvaoakt% eas âhbts h'ukbgk ha

4<9% ha 480% ha 8:1% ha 8<< grhgkkærakt ha dgkibsquar tgutas

eas nlsbebquas has hbssbhakts.+ Olbs el peuplrt ha das âhbts kaiurakt pls lppebquâs ê el eattra% gu k'aurakt pls h'aiiat hurlnea =

el prauva% d'ast qua% pârbghbquaoakt% eas aoparaurs hurakt

prasdrbra ha kguvaluel

dgkibsdltbgk+ Ole`râeas âhbts h'ukbgk%

eas sdfbsoltbquas râussbrakt prasqua tgumgurs ê `lrhar gu ê

raprakhra el peuplrt ha eaurs booauneas+ Lpræs el egb haDgkstlktbk% gk eaur akeavl quaequas âèbsas% hgkt daeeas haDlrtflà 4

3 olbs% hæs 4><% uk âhbt ha tgeârlkda dgksldrl ea

stltu qug c+ Ak ilbt% eas Hgkltbstas dgksarværakt el olmgrbtâ has

nlsbebquas hgkt bes s'âtlbakt aoplrâs lu hânut hu sdfbsoa+ Eltguroakta plssâa% bes gsærakt ravakhbquar at s'lpprgprbarh'lutras âèbsas% hgkt bes hâpgssâhærakt eas Dltfgebquas = plr

axaopea% ê Dgkstlktbka'+ Ak 480% e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt aut hasdgksâquakdas naludgup peus `rlvas+ Zlrtgut trlquâs% lnlk/hgkkâs ê aux/oíoas plr el ogrt gu e'axbe ha tgus eaurs dfais%

eas sdfbsoltbquas parhbrakt prasqua tgutas eaurs nlsbebquas3

bes ka hurakt dgksarvar eaurs slkdtulbras qua hlks has dgbksparhus ha Kuobhba @

+ Olbs bes prbrakt elràoakt eaur

ravlkdfa qubkza lks peus tlrh = sgus ea ræ`ka ha Muebak% bes

gntbkrakt el rastbtutbgk giibdbaeea ha eaurs booauneas% at sa eas

ibrakt rakhra plr eaurs lhvarslbras% sgbt ak eaur bktaktlkt hasprgdæs% 'sgbt plr e'bktbobhltbgk at el vbgeakda% ê e'lbha hasnlkhas ha ilkltbquas qub plrdgurlbakt legrs% ak eas tarrgrbslkt+

ea plys kuobha at ea plys olura 0+ Hâsgrolbs% at pakhlkt peus

ha qulrlkta lks% eas Hgkltbstas ka iurakt pls bkqubâtâs sârbau/

saoake hlks el pgssassbgk ha eaurs nlsbebquas+ Luùstbk ea

dgkstlta lvad bksbstlkda vars e'lkkâa 8:: = « Kgk saueaoakt+hbt/be% eas Hgkltbstas gddupakt eas nlsbebquas qu'bes gkt âhbibâas

b" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <42% >+ 8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<%23 Nravbd+

>" Gptît% BB% <13 BBB% B at 43 Luùstbk% Dgeeît+% BBB% >>% 8:= >8% '+>= Lh Hgkl/Apbse+ 66% l 3 âtrldt+% BB+ 14% t = Dkk/ ebstls pgst Dgeel +% 4<% 18 = 44% 19+

Brl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb % B% <<% <T = 1" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ <:% p+ ><1

Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <<%2>%>:13 ]bwsl+

Dgktrl @luhakebuo% B% 9% .= 49% 893 9" Gptît% <<% <1 = BBB+ < de 4+

1< 3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% T 3 BBB% 0" Bnbh+% <<%<9/<23 Luùstbk% Apbst+

<:1% >% 2 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB%

4" e'l`bg Hgkleb% 8 3 9 3 6 = <: 3 <4+ 64% <68 = 2>% >:4 ae >:1 20% >>8+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <42

lpræs eaur sdfbsoa% olbs bes k'gkt pls oøoa rakhu ê e'ukbtâ

dltfgebquatgutas daeeas qua e'ukbtâ dltfgebqua l pgssâhâas hæs

e'grb`bka+++ Ha naludgup has ebaux ha dueta qua e'ukbtâ dltfg/

ebqua pgssâhlbt lktârbauraoakt% bes ka sgkt pls oíoa hâeg`âsplr eas egbs has aoparaurs dltfgebquas ³ '+ Hurlkt datta pârbgha%

qub olrqua e'lpg`âa ha el prgspârbtâ oltârbaeea pgur e'Âèbsa

ha Hgklt% eas Dltfgebquas at ea pguvgbr sâduebar lvlbakt sb nbakrakgkdâ ê trgunear eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas hlks eaur

qubâtuha ha prgprbâtlbras% qua eas hbvars `rgupas ha hbssbhakts

gslbakt sa hbsputar aktra aux eas booauneas% musqua havlkt eas

trbnuklux = d'ast ea taops has `rlkhs prgdæs aktra Zlroâkbl/kbstas at ^g`ltbstas% aktra Zrboblkbstas at Olxboblkbstas% pgurel pgssassbgk has nlsbebquas'+ B âhbt ha 8:1 iut subvb h'ukdartlbk kgonra ha dgkibsdltbgks 4

3 olbs% sbx lks peus tlrh% eas

hbssbhakts gdduplbakt akdgra nbak has âèbsas<

+ Eas dgkibsdl/

tbgks sa ouetbpebærakt ha peus ak peus lpræs el Dgkiârakda ha8<<.'+ Dapakhlkt% vars 8>:% e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua ha Xflou/`lhb ast akdgra olëtra ha sl nlsbebqua 9

+ \ubkza lks peus tlrh%

has hbssbhakts ha Olurâtlkba dgkstrubsakt trlkqubeeaoakt uka`rlkha âèbsa 0+ Dakt sgbxlkta lks peus tlrh% has hbssbhakts ha

Kuobhba% rakguvaelkt eas axpegbts ha eaurs lkdítras% s'ao/plrakt ha slkdtulbras dltfgebquas 6

+

Gk slbt qua eas rubkas h'âhbibdas dfrâtbaks% vbsbneas akdgra akLe`ârba gu ak Xukbsba% sa dgoptakt plr daktlbkas+ Be k'ast plshgutaux qua naludgup ha das âhbibdas% pakhlkt uka pârbghapeus gu ogbks egkùa% lbakt âtâ liiadtâs lu dueta hgkltbsta+Olbs% ea peus sguvakt% kgus k'lvgks luduk ogyak ha eas

radgkklëtra = rbak ka rassaonelbt peus ê uka âèbsa dltfgebqua%qu'uka âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua El sauea nlsbebqua% axbstlkt akdgra%hgkt gk pubssa liibroar e'grb`bka hgkltbsta% ast daeea ha Nakblk&Lbl Obeblrbl"% dgkstrubta aktra eas lkkâas 848 at 84: ake'fgkkaur ha el olrtyra ^gnnl% uka vbdtboa has Dltfgebquas 2

+

Dapakhlkt% Xgk paut akdgra lttrbnuar ê has ogkuoakts hgkl/tbstas uka sârba ha pbebars sdueptâs% lrdfbtrlvas% ebktalux gu

<"Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlr/

rkakblkb% B% <4% >:+ ‘ Di+ Dgktrl Obta/

rls Zatbeblkb% BB% 84% <:> 3 16% <4>+

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3

@asel duo Aoarbtg% 2+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+%<% 13 <<9/<843BBB% >16 3 Luùstbk% âtrldt+% BB% 14% <+

8"Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <>:/<843 <82/

><:+

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03 49% 8ø3 40% 1: 3 46% 1<+

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0" @saee% Igub eas ha Nakblk% p+ 4>/1:+

6" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% BY% 4>+

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Ogkuoakts lktbquas ha YLe`ârba% t+ Be%

p+ <01/<02+



<8: E A@EBTAHGKLXBTXA

ogktlkts ha pgrtas% delvalux% dflpbtalux% gu lutras irlòaktsh'lrdfbtadtura% qub prâsaktakt el havbsa ha el sadta &Hag eluhas"

gu h'lutras bksdrbptbgks hgkltbstas = irlòakts hâdguvartssurtgut ak Vuobhba gu ak Tbtbibakka% kgtlooakt ê Olsduel guNl`lç <

% ê Fakdfbr @gssat >% Nbr/as/Tah 4

% Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh 8%

Fakdfbr Ae Ltrgus 1% Fakdfbr Ae/:èl a

% Fakdfbr Guo/cbi 0

%

HmaoolXbtlyl 6% Hlell 2

% Lbk Otbrsdfu <:% Oahiguk.% Tb < eæùa' >

+

Gk paut suppgsar lussb qua eas bksdrbptbgks raeltbvas ê hasolrtyrs hgkltbstas prgvbakkakt ha nlsbebquas âeavâas ak eaurfgkkaur% gu ha das dflpaeeas ha olrtyrs% sb kgonrausas hlkseas dboatbæras sdfbsoltbquas at musqua hlks eas dlopl`kas <4

+

Kgus dgkklbssgks% h'lbeeaurs% plr eas lutaurs gu eashgduoaktshu taops% naludgup h'lutras slkdtulbras hgkltbstas+ LDlrtflà%ak 4<0% haux gu trgbs nlsbebquas hgkt s'âtlbakt aoplrâs eas

hbssbhakts% eaur iurakt raprbsas plr el igrda% lvad ea dgkdgurshas trgupas <8 Eas sdfbsoltbquas trguværakt ogyak ha raktrarak pgssassbgk ha e'uka lu ogbks ha das nlsbebquas% gò bes

ogktrlbakt peus tlrh lvad grùabe eas âpbtlpfas ha eaurs

olrtyrs <1+ Lu hânut hu v a sbædea% el prbkdbplea âèbsa has Hgkl/

tbstas ha Dlrtflà% eaur dltfâhrlea% âtlbt el Xfagprapbl = d'ast

eê qua sa râukbsslbakt ak 8<< eas âvíquas hu plrtb% hlks e'bktar/

vleea has sâlkdas ha el Dgkiârakda' + Dbtgks akdgra el dltfâhrleaha Dgkstlktbka% gò prídfl e'âvíqua Tbevlkus% at peus tlrhZatbeblkus %0

3 elnlsbebquaha el oíoa vbeea% qua eas sdfbsoltbquasakeaværakt lux Dltfgebquas vars 4>2 <6

3e'âèbsa ha Nl`lç% gò

e'âvíqua Hgkltus bkstleel sgk ol`lsbk ha ùarra at sa ratrlkdflak 480 '.3 ea slkdtulbra ha Kgvl Zatrl% gò sa vgylbt ea tgonalu

ha Olrdueus/ 3 tgutas eas âèbsas ha Kuobhba at ha Olurâtlkba%qua eas ilkltbquas raprbrakt ak 49>% at hgkt bes elværakt sb

sgb`kausaoakt eas ours >e3 eas nlsbebquas ha Dlrtgkkl% h'Lssurls%

<" D+ + ;+% YBBB% <00<6 3 <004>+

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p+ db+ VVVYB+63 Xgutlbk% Nuee+ lrdf+ 5eu Dgobtâ

has trlvlbe fbstgb bkkâs% <628% p+ 61% k+ 8+

2" D+ + +++ Obe% >4:6+

<:" Bnbh+% YBBB% <0096+

be" Bnbh+% YBBB% <6992+

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<4" Gptît% BBB% 8 = Dgkdbe+ Dlr, uk +

lkk+ 486% dlk+ >+

<8" Zltsbg Hgkltb% 8 3 9 3 6= <:3 <4+

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<<% >4+

>:" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <60+

><" Gptît+ Be% <0/<2+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <8<

ha Oustb% ha Oaonrassl% qua eas Zlroâkblkbstas hbsputærakt

lux ^g`ltbstas% guças ZrboblkbstasluxOlxboblkbstas' 3 e'âèbsaha Dlaslral% gò râ`kl egk`taops Aoarbtus% at gò be hbsdutl

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3 eas kgonrausas âèbsas rurleas dgkstrubtas plr eas

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3 el nlsbebqua haElob``b`l% hgkt prgvbakt el ogslçqua tgonlea ha e'âvíquaLràktbus 1

3 daeea ha Xflou`lhb% gò @luhaktbus vguelbt sa

nróear vars 8>: U Nbak h'lutras slkdtulbras hgkltbstas sgktoaktbgkkâs plr eas prgdæs/varnlux ha el `rlkha Dgkiârakda haDlrtflà 0

+ Daux hgkt kgus lvgks plreâ suiibsakt ê ogktrarqu'gk hgbt râsarvar uka elrà plrt luHgkltbsoahlks ea plrtlàhas rubkas dfrâtbakkas akdgra vbsbneas sur ea sge lirbdlbk+ Be y l

dartlbkaoakt ak Lirbqua naludgup ha rastas ha ogkuoaktshgkltbstas% dgooa be y l naludgup ha sdfbsoltbquas plrob das

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Be ak ast has kâdrgpgeas dgooa has nlsbebquas+ Eas Hgkltbstaslvlbakt eaurs dboatbæras ê aux+ Ha oíoa qua eas Dltfgebquaslirbdlbks lu bv a sbædea% bes k'lhoattlbakt qua plr axdaptbgke'aksavaebssaoakt hlks eas âèbsas = vars 48:% eaur dgkdbea haKuobhba bktarhbt ha hâpgsar hlks eas nlsbebquas eas dgrps has

Dbrdgkdaeebgks tuâs hlks eas rakdgktras lvad eas trgupas hudgota Xlurbkus 6+ Lu hânut% at oøoa peus tlrh% qulkh e'gddlsbgk

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peanao% < 3 @astl duo Aoarbtg% < 3 Dgk/ hârlkt slks hguta qu'be y ast akdgra dfaztrl @luhaktbuo% <% <8% <1 3 Zgssbhbus% eub &Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs AddeasblaYbtl Luùsebkb% <9+ ‘ Ak 8/<6% datta peanao% < 3 @asel duo Aoarbtg% <"+

Addeasbl olmgr% gò plrel Luùstbk% âtlbt 4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >2% << 3 âtrldt+%el dltfâhrlea dltfgebqua ha Dlaslral+ Olbs BB% 14% <+

aeea saonea lvgbr lpplrtaku prâdâhaooakt 8" Apbse+ <42% >+

lux Hgkltbstas+ Kgus lvgks peusbaurs rlb/ 1" @saee% Ogkuoakts lktbquas ha e'Le/

sgks ha ea suppgsar = <« Luùstbk râpæta `ærba% t+ Be% p+ >11+ ‘ Di+ D+ ^+ ha e'Ldlh+lvad dgopelbslkda qua datta â ebsa ast hâ/ has Bksdrbpt+% <2:6% p+ 4:6+sgkklbs dltfgebqua &@asel duo Aoarbtg% 9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <%

< 3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <8% <1" 3 >º < 3 9% 0 3 âtrldt+% Be% 61+Datta nlsbebqua âtlbt akdgra irâquaktâa plr 0" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% 13 <>:/<843eas sdfbsoltbquas% kgk saueaoakt plr eas <82/><:3 BBB% >+M6+

Hgkltbstas ê haob dgkvartbs% olbs plr eas 6m Gptît% BBB% 8+



M çe e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

s'y prítl% eas sdfbsoltbquas s'aoplrærakt ha dboatbærasdltfgebquas+ Bes ak loâkl`ærakt h'lutras ê eaurs irlbs+ Olbs%quaeea qu'ak iót e'grb`bka% bes râsarvlbakt eaurs kâdrgpgeas êeaurs saues plrtbslks = bes k'lhoattlbakt pls qu'uk Hgkltbsta yvgbsbkît lvad uk Dltfgebqua% pls peus qu'lvad uk plçak+ Dataxdeusbvbsoa bkhb`klbt Gptît = l Ygus lvaz vgueu% hbt/be% akvlfbreas nlsbebquas% libk ha ravakhbquar pgur vgus saues eas dboatbæras%gò vgus ka paroattaz pls h'aksavaebr eas dgrps has Dltfgebquas+Zgur aiirlyar eas vbvlkts% vgus oletrlbtaz musqu'lux ogrts% êqub vgus raiusaz el pelda h'uk tgonalu ³'+ Gk paut drgbra quael kâdassbtâ hut bopgsar% ak olbkt akhrgbt% has hârg`ltbgks êdatta ræèa h'bktrlksbàlkda+ Eê gò eas hbssbhakts âtlbakt paukgonraux% bes gkt hó sa râsb`kar ê hgrobr eaur harkbar sgooabelu obebau ha eaurs lhvarslbras ha el vabeea+ Olbs gk ka pauthgutar qua el ræèa lbt âtâ gnsarvâa plrtgut gò eas sdfbsoltbquasâtlbakt lssaz pubsslkts pgur loâklàr uka kâdrgpgea ê aux+Zlrob eas dboatbæras dfrâtbaks hu bv gu hu v a sbædea% naludgupgkt hó lpplrtakbr lux dgoouklutâs hgkltbstas 3 olbs be ast

træs rlra qu'gk pubssa eas hbstbkùar has lutras+ Eas hbspgsbtbgkshas tgonas% oíoa eas igroueas has âpbtlpfas% plrlbssakt lvgbrâtâ grhbklbraoakt bhaktbquas ê daeeas has Dltfgebquas 3 d'ast

saueaoakt plr axdaptbgk qu'uk hâtlbe ha râhldtbgk trlfbt

e'grb`bka sadtlbra+ El sauea kâdrgpgea sóraoakt hgkltbsta ast

daeea h'Lel Obeblrbl% qub hlta ha el praobæra ogbtbâ hu v a sbædea+

Akdgra k'ast/da pls uka vârbtlnea kâdrgpgea% olbs uk patbt

dboatbæra ha prbvbeâ`bâs% ha deards% at hâpakhlkt h'uka âèbsa =

be sa dgopgsa h'uka sârba ha dlvalux leb`kâs havlkt ea dfavath'uka nlsbebqua% at ha tgonas hbspgsâas ê e'bktârbaur ha e'âhbibda

gu sgus ea pgrdfa >+

Gutra eaurs kâdrgpgeas% eaurs nlsbebquas% eaurs nlptbstæras at

lutras hâpakhlkdas% eas dgoouklutâs hgkltbstas pgssâhlbakthbvars booauneas at nbaks/igkhs+ Ak hâpbt has egbs qub irlp/

plbakt eas fârâtbquas h'bkdlpldbtâ eâ`lea% aeeas radavlbakt hashgkltbgks% has ea`s3 aeeas hbspgslbakt ha olbsgks% hâtarras%ha iaroas <

+ L Dlrtflà% hæs qua Olxboblkus aut rgopu lvad

Zrboblkus% be sa vbt bktaktar uk prgdæs ak rastbtutbgk ha el

olbsgk qu'be gdduplbt dgkkua hbldra% at qub lpplrtaklbt ê el

dgoouklutâ prboblkbsta-+ E'Aèbsa hgkltbsta h'Fbppgka âtlbt

<" Gptît% YB% 0+ Fuo e kue le us O% br% = Dgktrl Drasdg/>" @saee% Igubeeas ha ebakbuk% Uc >:/=;0 kbuo% BY% ebt3% 6>+

at 8e'+ U" Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 8.% 103

4" Luùstbk% Dgkerl Apbstuelo Zlr/ Tarog BB o Zsletk+ +'mts% <2+

oakblkb% B% <>% <23 BkMgflkkbs Avlkà/



G^@LKBTLXBGK <84

plrtbduebæraoakt rbdfa+ Yars 49>% sgus e'âpbsdgplt ha Ilustb/

kus% ak vartu ha hbvars tastloakts% aeea lvlbt fârbtâ ha olb/sgks at lutras prgprbâtâs+ Lu taops h'Luùstbk% aeea pgssâhlbt

has vbeela% has iukhb% qub% lpræs 8<<% iurakt dgkibsquâs luprgibt ha e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua <

+

E'lhobkbstrltbgk ha das nbaks h'Aèbsa saonea k'lvgbr prâ/

saktâ luduk trlbt plrtbduebar+ Dgooa dfaz eas Dltfgebquas lirb/

dlbks% e'âvíqua lvlbt el fluta olbk sur el àstbgk% slui radgurslu prbolt at lux dgkdbeas+ Olbs be âtlbt ha oíoa lssbstâ plr ukdgksabe ha kgtlneas &sakbgras"% sgrta ha dgksabe ha ilnrbqua%

qub dgopraklbt eas prbkdbplux elçquas ha el dgoouklutâ+ Hasdgksabes ha da àkra sgkt oaktbgkkâs plr kgs hgduoakts dfazeas Hgkltbstas ha Dlrtflà >

% ha Dgkstlktbka 4% h'Lntfu`kb'%

ha Oustb at h'LssurlsU Eas sakbgras dgktrøelbakt e'lhobkbstrl/

tbgk prgpraoakt hbta3 bes lssbstlbakt e'âvíqua hlks el àstbgkhas bktâríts oltârbaes% dgooa eas deards hlks eas liilbras spb/

rbtuaeeas+ Bes pguvlbakt mguar ê e'gddlsbgk uk røea igrt bopgr/tlkt% lddusar oíoa eaur âvgqua havlkt eas dgkdbeas+ Ak 4<>%

eas sakbgras ha Dlrtflà dgktrbnuærakt ê hâdflëkar ea sdfbsoa9

+

Ak 42>% bes hgkkærakt ea sb`kle has prgtastltbgks dgktra el

dgkhubta ha Zrboblkus% at ak lppaeærakt lux dgkdbeas 0= bes

iurakt eas plrrlbks hu Olxboblkbsoa% dgooa eaurs prâhâdas/saurs e'lvlbakt âtâ hu Hgkltbsoa+ Yars 4>:% eas âvíquas haKuobhba s'lhrassakt sbouetlkâoakt lux deards at lux sakbgras

ha Dgkstlktbka 6+ Ak 421 at 429% eas sakbgras ha Oustb at h'Ls/

surls bktarvbakkakt hbradtaoakt hlks eas prgdæs raeltbis luxnlsbebquas'

<

+ Tubvlkt ea dls% da dgksabe ha kgtlneas âtlbtuklppub% uk irabk% gu uka oaklda pgur e'âvíqua+

El fbârlrdfba addeâsblstbqua âtlbt rastâa% dfaz eas Hgkltbstas%

da qu'aeea âtlbt hapubs egk`taops dfaz eas Dltfgebquas+ Lu/hassgus ha e'âvíqua% eas deards at eas hbldras3 pubs% eas deards

bkiârbaurs% sgus/hbldras% ldgeytas% eadtaurs% axgrdbstas3 akibk%

eas luxbeblbras% igssgras gu igssgyaurs% mlkbtgras gu pgrtbars+

Zgur eas elçquas gu haob/elçquas% eas `rgupaoakts lhobs hlkse'Âèbsa hgkltbsta âtlbakt â`leaoakt eas oíoas qua hlks e'lutra

Âèbsa = dltâdfuoækas% pâkbtakts% ibhæeas gu dfrâtbaks nlptbsâs%

<" Bk Mgclkkbs Avlkàeëuo trldtleus 1" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%

YB% >1+ 19% 9>+

>" Ldtl pur`ltbgkts Iaebdbs% p+ <26 9" Gptît% B% < 6/b 2+

]bwsl3 Gptît% <% <0/<63 Luùstbk% +Tarog 0" Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+Be bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+ 6" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62/<2:+

4" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62/ 2" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

<2> ]bwsl+ 19% 9>+8" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ >:<+




vauvas% vbaràs% dgktbkakts% sakbgras <+ Dapakhlkt% ak da qub

dgkdarka eas haob/elçquas spâdbleaoakt vguâs ê el vba lsdâ/

tbqua% gk vgbt s'lddusar vars el ibk hu bv a sbædea uka hbvaràkdaha peus ak peus `rlkha aktra eas takhlkdas has haux Âèbsas+

Musqua vars e'lkkâa 42:% rbak ka hbstbkùlbt eas raeb`baux at

raeb`bausas has haux plrtbs% pls oíoa ea kgo+ Eas sdfbsol/tbquas% dgooa eaurs lhvarslbras% dgoptlbakt plrob aux haslsdætas% qu'gk lppaelbt eas « dgktbkakts ³ &dgktbkaktas" /% at hasvbaràs sldrâas &sldrla vbr`bkas% slkdtbogrvleas% sldrla Hab" 4

+

Dgktbkakts at vbaràs ilbslbakt prgiassbgk &dgktbkotbêa prg/

iassr'g3 dgksb`kltbg vbr`bkbtltbs"% at gdduplbakt uka pelda h'fgk/kaur hlks el dgoouklutâ &fgkgr slkdtbogkbb at dgktbkaktbla"-+

Gk radgkklbsslbt eas vbaràs sldrâas ê eaur vgbea% ê el hbspgsb/

tbgk plrtbduebæra ha eaur dfavaeura% qua dgurgkklbt Uh+ob rl.U

H'lbeeaurs% dgooa eas dgktbkakts% aeeas vbvlbakt hlks ea ogkha%hlks has olbsgks plrtbduebæras% sb da k'ast qu'aeeas flnbtlbakt`âkârleaoakt plr `rgupas+ Naludgup ha das raeb`bausas hgkl/tbstas lvlbakt uka axtrlgrhbklbra ebnartâ h'leeuras at uk ilkl/

tbsoa aktrapraklkt+ Gk kgus pabkt has « trgupas bvras ha

raeb`bausas arrlkt àê at eê ea mgur at el kubt% oíeâas lux trgupasbvras has Dbrdgkdaeebgks ³

9+ Lssurâoakt% rbak ka paroat ha

drgbra qua eas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas iussakt pgur rbak hlkseas ilktlbsbas lvakturausas ha eaurs nlddflktas3 olbs bes kaplrlbssakt pls s'ítra prâgddupâs sârbausaoakt ha rloakar das

â`lrâas lu raspadt ha el ræèa+ Xgumgurs lttldfâs lux vbabeeas

trlhbtbgks egdleas% bes ka vgueurakt pls subvra e'axaopea hasDltfgebquas hlks e'gr`lkbsltbgk kguvaeea ha el vba lsdâtbqua

L pabka ravaku h'Btleba% Luùstbk bktrghubsbt ak Lirbqua eaogkldfbsoa prgpraoakt hbt+ << igkhl has dguvakts ê Xfl/`lsta% ê Fbppgka 0

3 ak quaequas lkkâas% eas ogklstærash'fgooas gu ha iaooas sa ouetbpebærakt dfaz eas Dltfgebquasha tguta el dgktrâa 6

+ Eas Hgkltbstas rapgussærakt kattaoakt

<" Gm;elt% BB% <2/><3 >8/>93 Y% <:3 YB% 83 8" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 9<% >+ ‘ Di+ Qp/Dasel lpuh ]akgp bbeuo% p+ <62/<20

3elt% YB% 8+

Dg elt+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <<9/<843 <82/><: 3 T3 Gptît% BB% <23 YB% 8

BBB% >.;«3 Luùstbk% Apbse+ 41% > at 8 3 9<% 9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo e'lb /

> 3 Tarog << bk e'sleo+ 49% >: 3 Dgkerl oakblkb% <<% 2% <2+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 41% > 3

Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BB% 2% <23 Ha Dgkerl @luhakebuo% <%49% 89+ukbdg nlpebsog% be% <2+ 0" Zgslbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% 8 3 93

>"Gptlt% BB+ << 3 Luùstbk% Apbse+ 9<% >3 <>3 <83 4< 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ :: 3 98% 43Aklrr+ bk e'sleo+ <4>% 4 ae 9+ 06 3 64 3 >:2% 4 3 ><< 3 Tarog 414% <% > =

4" Zlssl% fkkltb% /%3 Gptît% BB% <23 O% 419% eGat <43 Ybtl Qaelkbla Mukbgrbs% ='e'+

83 Luùstbk% Apbse+ 44% >3 Bk Mgflkkbs 6} Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <>3 Lu/Avurti detuo Brldeleus VBBB% <4 3 Dgkerl [ustbk% âerlh+% Be% 803 Apbst+ 8K 3 ><< =

Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BB% 2% o = &'gu/ ><8/><9+Brl @luhakebuo% B% 49% 89+







G^@LKBTLXBGK <80

lppaeâ plr uk has âvíquas ha sgk Âèbsa « kgtra pæra nbakfau/

raux% kgtra prbkda³'+

Ea prbolb ha Dlrtflà axaràlbt uk dgk/trøea hbradt sur tgutas eas dgoouklutâs% radavlbt eas lppaes%

prâsbhlbt eas dgkdbeas% `guvarklbt ea plrtb+ Dapakhlkt% ak 8<<%kgus vgygks Zrboblkus% prbolt ha Dlrtflà% dâhar ea pls êBlkulrblkus% prbolt ha Kuobhba% at sb`kar lpræs eub has pbædasgiibdbaeeas >

+ Datta lkgoleba hu prgtgdgea s'axpebqua slks hgutaplr uka prâsâlkda tgut fgkgrbibqua lddgrhâa lu peus lkdbakhas haux prbolts% ak sguvakbr has taops fârgçquas hu sdfbsoa+H'lbeeaurs% ea prbolt hgkltbsta ha Dlrtflà âtlbt grhgkkâ plrea prbolt ha Kuobhba% tlkhbs qua e'âvíqua dltfgebqua ha Dlr/

tflà e'âtlbt plr eas âvgquas vgbsbks% at ea plpa eub/oíoa plre'âvíqua h'Gstba 4

+ Dat uslà has hbssbhakts lirbdlbks vaklbtâvbhaooakt hu røea prâpgkhârlkt qu'lvlbakt mguâ eas Kuobhasat eaur prbolt Tadukhus lu ogoakt ha el ruptura 8

+

E'bkstbtutbgk has dgkdbeas% hâmê træs pgpuelbra hlks e'Lirbquahu taops ha Dyprbak% ast rastâa dfæra lux Hgkltbstas+ Ha da qubprâdæha% gk pgurrlbt dgkdeura qu'bes gkt au saueaoakt haux

sgrtas h'lssaoneâas âpbsdgpleas = eas dgkdbeas `âkârlux ha tgutea plrtb% eas sykghas prgvbkdblux ha Kuobhba+ D'ast% ak aiiat%

da qua kgus dgkstltgks hlks eas hgduoakts dgksarvâs+ Hassykghas h'âvíquas kuobhas sgkt oaktbgkkâs vars 48: a

% vars480 9

3 ê Xfavasta% ak 49> 03 ê Dgkstlktbka at ê Obeav% vars

429/420 63 oíoa ak 8<6 2

+ Eas dgkdbeas `âkârlux% gò sa rak/

dgktrlbakt eas âvíquas hbssbhakts ha tguta e'Lirbqua% gkt âtâ igrt

kgonraux+ El peuplrt sa sgkt takus ê Dlrtflà <:+ Ak 424% eas

Olxboblkbstas sa râukbrakt ê Dlnlrsussl% ak Nyzldæka <<3 eas

Zrboblkbstas% êebl`lç% ak 428 S /+ Eas sykghas ha Kuobhba âtlbakt

dgkvgquâs at prâsbhâs plr ea prbolt ha el prgvbkda3 eas dgkdbeas`âkârlux% plr ea prbolt ha Dlrtflà+ D'ast hlks das `rlkhaslssbsas qua eas sdfbsoltbquas praklbakt tgutas eas hâdbsbgksbopgrtlktas% ibxlbakt el pgebtbqua hu plrtb% bkstrubslbakt eas

prgdæs ak lppae% axdgooukblbakt eas dguplneas gu eas ranaeeas%

<" « Nalebssbubus pltar at prbkdaps kgs/

tar Zrboblkus ³ &Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >:<"+>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <83 <863 <103

<<<% >16+

4" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<%<9% >2+

8" Gptît% B% <23 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbs/tuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 4% 13 Dgktrl Dra/sdgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4< 3 Apbst+ 84% >% 43 84%1% <8+

1" Gptît% BBB% 8+

9" Zlssbg Olrduee% p+ 0:< Ob`ka+0" Gptît% BB% <6+

63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 48% 1+

2" Dg7btrl @luhakebuo% B% 40% 80/86+<:" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakbl7bb% B%

< 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 03 Apbst+

24% <:% 843 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <2/

>:3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <8 at <863 BB%

<>3 BBB% >16+

<<" Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49%

>:+

<>" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 14% 12 3

18%9:3 19% 9>3 BY% 40/8:% 88/803 @astlduo Aoarbtg% 2/<<+




at% lu nasgbk% hâpgslbakt eas âvíquas% oíoa eas prbolts'+ Hlkse'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% dgooa hlks e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% ea dgkdbea

âtlbt ea dgksabe hbrbàlkt at ea trbnukle supríoa% el peus flutamurbhbdtbgk% e'îoa at el dgksdbakda hu plrtb+

Dgksbhârâa h'aksaonea% at râsarva ilbta pgur eas quaequashbvaràkdas kgtâas peus egbk% el ebtur`ba hgkltbsta âtlbt bhak/

tbqua ê daeea has Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks hu bv a sbædea+ Gptît ea

hbt igroaeeaoakt = « Kgus lvgks% vgus at kgus% el oíoagr`lkbsltbgk addeâsblstbqua3 s'be y l gppgsbtbgk aktra eas

parsgkkas% be k'y l pls gppgsbtbgk aktra eas sldraoakts+ Kguspguvgks ea hbra% kgus lussb = kgus lvgks el oíoa igb qua vgus%kgus lvgks âtâ olrquâs hu oíoa sb`ka at nlptbsâs hu oíoanlptíoa% kgus ebsgks dgooa vgus ea hbvbk Xastloakt% kgusprbgks ea oíoa Hbau% e'grlbsgk hgobkbdlea ast el oíoa dfazvgus at dfaz kgus ³ U Zeus tlrh% Luùstbk dgkstltlbt â`leaoaktqua eas âèbsas at eas giibdas prâsaktlbakt ea oíoa lspadt dfazeas hbssbhakts at dfaz eas Dltfgebquas = lnsbhas surâeavâas h'gòeas deards hgobklbakt el kai% dflbras dguvartas h'uk vgbea%

dfŔurs has raeb`bausas% âvgeulkt at dflktlkt havlkt e'âvíqua 4+

« Kgus sgooas iræras% hbslbt Luùstbk lux sdfbsoltbquas =

kgus bkvgqugks uk oíoa Hbau% kgus drgygks ak uk oíoaDfrbst% kgus aktakhgks ea oíoa Âvlk`bea% kgus dflktgks eas

oíoas Zsluoas% kgus râpgkhgks plr ea oíoa Loak% kgusaktakhgks ea oíoa Leeâeubl% kgus dâeânrgks el oíoa Zîquas+Zgurqugb as/tu fgrs ha e'Âèbsa% at ogb hlks e'Âèbsa 7 ³

8+

L e'lppub ha datta gnsarvltbgk `âkârlea% kgus raeavgks nbakhas hâtlbes prâdbs+ Dgooa naludgup ha dgoouklutâs dltfg/ebquas%

eas Hgkltbstas dâeânrlbakt el oassa tgus eas mgursN

+

Zgurea sldraoakt ha e'Audflrbstba% bes gnsarvlbakt eas oøoas rbtas

qua hlks e'lutra Aèbsa @+ Ole`râ eaur bktrlksbàlkda tfâgrbqua%

bes lhoattlbakt el pâkbtakda at el râobssbgk has pâdfâs 0+ Zgur

el râdgkdbebltbgk has pâkbtakts grhbklbras% eaurs rbtas kahbiiârlbakt pls ha e'uslà altfgebqua = bes ilbslbakt làkgubeear eas

dguplneas% eas dguvrlbakt h'uk vgbea% eaur bopgslbakt eas olbksat eaur raoattlbakt eaurs pâdfâs% ak sa ratgurklkt vars e'lutae

pgur râdbtar e'grlbsgk hgobkbdlea 6+ Gutra ea Zltar% besdflktlbakt

RLeeâeubl% RLoak-% bes ilbslbakt ea sb`ka ha drgbx lux oíoas

<" Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% >9% 1" Gptît% BB% <>+

9< 3 BBB% 48% 8: 3 Tarog BB bk e'sleo+ 49% 9" Luùstbk% Dgkerl ebttarls Zatbeblkb%

>:3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <>2/<4:3 >:<3 <<%>4%>:6+ 0" Gptît% BB% >:3 >8/ >9+

>" Gptlb% BBB+ 2+ 6" Bnbh+% Be% >:+

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >4% 4+ 2" Bnbh+% <<% >:3 BBB% 23 Luùstbk% Apbst+

8" Aklrr+ bk Zsleo 18% <9+ <:g% >% 03 Aklrr% bk e'sleo+ 18% <93






Eas praobars sdfâoltbquas s'âtlbakt sâplrâs ha e'Âèbsa dltfg/ebqua% plrda qu'bes raprgdflbakt ê sas dfais h'lvgbr ilbneb akilda has parsâdutaurs = bes prâtakhlbakt s'ítra saues dgkhubts akvrlbs dfrâtbaks% bes lppaelbakt eaur Âèbsa «e'Âèbsa has olrtyrs < ³+

Lussb eas Hgkltbstas gkt/bes tgumgurs fgkgrâ eas vbdtboas hasparsâdutbgks lvad uka hâvgtbgk ilkltbqua% lvauèa+ Xlkhbs quaea dear`â dltfgebqua râèaoaktlbt da dueta at k'lddaptlbt ukkguvalu slbkt qu'lpræs uka akquíta sârbausa% uka dlkgkbsltbgk&vbkhbdlebg% prgnltbg olreyruo" >

% eas âvíquas hbssbhakts elbsslbakt

ebnra dgurs lux ilktlbsbas ha el hâvgtbgk pgpuelbra+ H'lngrh%

eas Hgkltbstas dgksarværakt pbausaoakt ea sguvakbr has fârgshas parsâdutbgks plçakkas3 bes asslyærakt oíoa ha dgkibsquarê eaur prgibt el ègbra ha dartlbks olrtyrs dgoouks lux hguxÂèbsas% dgooa Dyprbak gu eas olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl 4

+ Olbs% êdas vbdtboas has plçaks% bes mgb`kbrakt daux has eaurs qub lvlbaktsuddgonâ hlks eas nltlbeeas gu eas quaraeeas lvad eas Dltfgebquas%daux/eê oíoas qub s'âtlbakt tuâs hlks uk lddæs h'axletltbgk

ilrgudfa U Das olrtyrs ha el sadta% akdgra peus dfars qua eas

lutras lu dŔurhas igueas% gktâtâ bkkgonrlneas = bes sa dgoptlbaktplr obeebars 1

+ Bes paupelbakt eas dboatbæras% eas nlsbebquas% at

tgutas das dflpaeeas qub s'leb`klbakt ea egk`has rgutas% musquahlks eas dgbks parhus ha el dlopl`ka 1

+ Ha eê vbakt slks hgutaqu'gk hâdguvra dflqua lkkâa ak Lirbqua tlkt h'bksdrbptbgks guebstas ha olrtyrs+ Das bktrus sa èbsslbakt klturaeeaoakt hlks eas

dleakhrbars egdlux at hlks el ebtur`ba has Aèbsas hbssbhaktas 0+ Gk

iítlbt râùebæraoakt eaurs lkkbvarslbras 63 gk `rlvlbt eaurs

kgos sur eas lutaes% eas nleustrlhas gu eas dgegkkas has

nlsbebquas 2 + Hlks el ebtur`ba trlhbtbgkkaeea% plrtgut gò âtlbaktbkvgquâs gu kgooâs has olrtyrs lutfaktbquas% gk lmgutlbt

ê eaurs kgos daux has prbkdbplux olrtyrs ha el sadta% haHgklt% ha Olrdueus% ha Olxbkbblkus at h'Bslld% gu ha quaequaslbkt plrtbduebæraoakt dfar lux àks ha el egdlebtâ' + Ha eê%

<" Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <2/>: eëleu +a3 Dge/eît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% [16+

>" Gptît% B% ebb= e'bbridx dlkgk+ Adgeas%

lirbd% dlk+ x+'b = Ha ^gssb% Bksdrbpt% dfrbst+%

t+ Be% p+ 89<+

4" Ldtl Tleurkbkb% </>= <9/>: Nlekza3

Luùstbk% Tarog 4<:% < = Apbs t+ 24% <:%

4T/813 <:6% 4% 2/<>= Ha flpebsog% B+ <6%

m+f = BB% < de+ subv = Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BB% 4<% 423 BBB% B% /< at subv+

b" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 8/<83 Zóssbg Olr/dueb% U;+ B Ob`ka3 Gptît% BBB+ B 3 Lu/ùstbk% Apbse+ TV+ T3 <6=3% b'% T3 >:8% </>

pb + Tarog <46% >3 Dgktrl @êuhaktbuo%

B% >>% >13 >0% 4:/4<3 >6% 4>+

1" Zlssbg Olxboblkb ae Bslld% p+ 096Ob`ka3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl @êuhaktbuo% B%

>6% 4>+

ø" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ >+

0" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroa/kblkb+ BBB% &b% >2+

6" Zlssbg Hgkltb% '+³= Luùstbk% DgktrlApbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB% 9% b'+'3 Apbse+

>2% F+2" Zlssbg Hgkltb% x= Gptît% BBB% 8+

<:"'Luùstbk% &'kub ru Apbseuelo Zlroa/kblkb% BBB% 9% >2+



G^@LKBTLXBGK B+.;

<

naludgup ha das bktrus gkt râussb ê s'bktrghubra hlks ea olr/

tyrgegà Fbârgkyobak% musqua hlks ea olrtyrgegà ^golbk+Eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks dgksbhârlbakt dgooa kues eas

sldraoakts dgkiârâs plr eas Dltfgebquas = e'grhbkltbgk lussb nbak

qua ea nlptíoa '+ Qk plopfeâtlbra ha el sadta hbslbt has dârâog/kbas ha e'Aèbsa rbvlea = « Das rbtas trgopaurs% das oystæras ibdtbis

sgkt dâeânrâs ogbks pgur ea sleut qua pgur el parta has olefau/raux lhaptas+ D'ast uk sldrbeæà qub ârbà e'lutae% uk prgilka

qub giibdba% uk dguplnea qub nlptbsa% uk neassâ qub sgb`ka% uk

parsâdutaurqub vâkæra eas olrtyrs% uk trlhbtaur qub ebt eas

Avlk`beas% uk bkdakhblbra hu hbvbk Xastloakt qub prgoat e'fârb/

tlà hu dbae ³ -+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas s'lppuylbakt sur uk rlbsgk/

kaoakt sgpfbstbqua pgur raiusar lux deards dltfgebquas tgut

pguvgbr ha dgkiârar eas sldraoakts+ Bes râsuolbakt eaur tfâgrba

ak datta igrouea = « Daeub qub k'l pls da qu'be prâtakh hgkkar%dgooakt ea hgkkarlbt/be7 ³

4+ Zgur eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks hu

bv a sbædea% pau bopgrtlbt el parsgkka hu deard 3 dlr Hbau saue

gpârlbt hlks eas sldraoakts+ Zgur eas Hgkltbstas% e'aiibdldbtâ husldraoakt hâpakhlbt â`leaoakt ha e'bktaroâhblbra% ha el par/sgkka3 ea sldraoakt ka pguvlbt hgkd ítra dgkiârâ qua plr ukfgooa ha dgksdbakda pura% at hlks el vârbtlnea Âèbsa+ Gr% tgus

eas Dltfgebquas% fârbtbars at dgopebdas has trlhbtaurs hu taopsha Hbgdeâtbak% âtlbakt sgubeeâs ê mlolbs3 hgkd% eaurs grhbkltbgks

at tgutas eaurs dârâogkbas âtlbakt kueeas+ Gk ka pguvlbt ítra

nlptbsâ gu grhgkkâ qua plr has deards ha el sauea Âèbsa eâ`b/

tboa% el sauea bkkgdakta% e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt 8+ Eas hbssbhakts pgus/

slbakt sb egbk datta tfâgrba % qu'bes lssbobelbakt kattaoakteas Dltfgebquas lux plçaks 1

+ Gptît ha Obeav ea eaur raprgdflbt

loæraoakt = « L has dfrâtbaks% oíoa ê has deards% vgus hbtas =

Tgyaz dfrâtbaks , Zlr uk obrldea ha vgtra ilàgk% vgus gsaz hbra

ê tgut Dltfgebqua = @lb Tab% @lbl Tabl% tu as akdgra plçak guplçakka, Daeub qub l ilbt prgiassbgk ha sa tgurkar vars Hbau% tu

e'lppaeeas plçak,+++ Tb tu gntbaks e'lssaktboakt ha daeub qua

tu sâhubs% dat lssaktboakt at e'bopgsbtbgk ha tas olbks at

quaequas igroueas ta suiibsakt pgur ilbra h'uk dfrâtbak uk dfrâ/

tbak+ Daeub/eê vgus plrlët dfrâtbak% qub s'bkdebka havlkt vgtra

vgegktâ% kgk daeub qub l âtâ ùbhâ plr el igb ³9

+ Ak dgksâ/

quakda% tgut Dltfgebqua rleebâ ê e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt% iót/be deard

<" Gptît% BBB% be3 êuùstbk% Dgktrl ebt/ earls Zatbeblkb% <<% >/0% /8/<93 4>/40% 0>/

tarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 4>%0>3 44% 003 1:/18% 61+

<<1/<>43 Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <<% <2+ 1" Gptît% <<<% <<= Luùstbk% Apbs + 41%

>" Ldel Tleurkbkb% <2 Nleuza% 43 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <81% <9+

4" Gptît% Y% 8 at 9+ 9" Gptît% BBB% <<+

8" Bfbh+% Y% 8/03 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebt/



<1> e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

gu âvíqua% âtlbt raeâùâ h'lngrh hlks eas rlk`s has dltâdfuoækas

gu haspâkbtakts <

+ D'ast da qub axpebqua dartlbks rbtas hu nlp/

tíoa at ha el râdgkdbebltbgk hlks eas Aèbsas hbssbhaktas+

Eas pâkbtakts hgkt ea saue drboa âtlbt h'lvgbr âtâ dltfgebquas%

âtlbakt sguobs ê has fuobebltbgks plrtbduebæras+ Gk s'ldflrklbt

surtgut dgktra eas deards+ Zgur aux% gk « prâplrlbt ea rlsgbr ³%

subvlkt el pbttgrasqua axprassbgk h'Gptlt >+ Kgk saueaoakt gk

eas lstrab`klbt lux âprauvas grhbklbras has pâkbtakts = dbebda at

dakhras% dgkiassbgk punebqua% suppebdltbgk lux ibhæeas% rakgk/dbltbgk lu Hblnea% làkgubeeaoakt sgus ea vgbea% bopgsbtbgk has

olbks+ Olbs akdgra% gk rlslbt el títa has deards at has âvíquas%gk hâpgubeelbt eas raeb`bausas ha eaur obtrl3 gk purbiblbt eas

parsgkkas% dgooa eas ours at ea hleelà has nlsbebquas radgk/qubsas sur e'Âèbsa rbvlea 4

+ Eas olefauraux Dltfgebquas â`lrâs

hlks ea plrtb ha Hgklt ka pguvlbakt y raprakhra eaur rlk`qu'lpræs uka egkùa sârba h'âprauvas fuobeblktas = uka hâ`rl/hltbgk dgopeæta% uka pâkbtakda plrtbduebæraoakt hura% ukkguvalu stlà ha dltâdfuoæka% uk kguvalu nlptíoa subvb

h'uka kguvaeea grhbkltbgk gu h'uka kguvaeea dgksâdrltbgke

+

Eas rbtas hu nlptíoa âtlbakt ê pau præs daux hu vbabe uslàlirbdlbk+ Ak lttakhlkt% ea Dltfgebqua rleebâ ha `râ gu ha igrda

havlbt dgooakdar plr sa hâdelrar plçak% at âtlbt bksdrbt dgooatae sur eas ebstas ha dltâdfuoækas 1

+ Dgooa hlks e'lutra Âèbsa%

ea nlptíoa lvlbt ebau `âkârleaoakt lu ogoakt has iítas haZîquas3 olbs gk pguvlbt nlptbsar lussb ê h'lutras âpgquas hae'lkkâa% qulkh eas dbrdgkstlkdas plrlbsslbakt e'axbàr 9

+ Easdârâogkbas prgpraoakt hbtas hu nlptíoa ka prâsaktakt luduktrlbt plrtbduebar ê el ebtur`ba has hbssbhakts+ Luùstbk hâdrbt

quaequas/uks ha das rbtas% hlks uka eattra gò be dgkta e'fbstgbra

h'uk mauka nrutle ha sgk hbgdæsa qub vaklbt ha plssar lu Hgkl/tbsoa = « Be oaklda sl oæra% be plssa lu plrtb ha Hgklt3 iurbauxakdgra% be sa ilbt ranlptbsar3 tgut irâobsslkt akdgra ha e'lttaktlb

dgktra sl oæra% be ast ravítu ha vítaoakts nelkds3 be s'bkstleea

aktra eas nleustrlhas% qu'be hâplssa ha el títa% nbak ak vua3 pubs%

sgus eas ra`lrhs ha e'lssbstlkda qub `âobt% dat fgooa% qub

oâhbta ha tuar sl oæra% sa hrassa dgooa rakguvaeâ plr e'alu

<" Gptît% BB+ ></>93 Luùstbk% Ha ukbdg be% <:3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <66 at <20+

nlptbsog% <<% <23 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 1" Gptît% BBB% << 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 41% 43

<20% Aklrr+ o Zsletk% < bi+% <93 Mgflkkbs>" « Zlrlstb kgvlduelo ³ &Gptît% BB% >4"+ Avlkàebuo trldtltus R% <4+

Gptît% F% >43 YB% 8+ 9" Luùstbk% Hr nlptbsog% R% i;% 038" Bnbh+% Be% <2/>93 Luùstbk% Apbst+ >+'ë% Apbst+ 1<% 8+

>= <::% <3 <:6% <= '5 ukbdl nlptbsog%



G^@LKBTLXBGK <14

slbkta+++ Eas deards qub e'gkt slkdtbibâ ea prassargkt slks hgutaha takbr sl prgoassa hlks e'gdtlva ha sl ratrlbta ³ '+

Hlks el ebtur`ba hu nlptíoa hgkltbsta% ea saue trlbt vrlboaktdlrldtârbstbqua âtlbt e'uslà ha dgkiârar ha kguvalu da sldraoaktlux fârâtbquas dgkvartbs% oíoa lux Dltfgebquas+ Datta prltbquaâtlbt h'lbeeaurs dgkigroa ê el vbabeea trlhbtbgk egdlea% daeea haDyprbak 3 Mas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks aux/oíoas k'y lvlbaktrakgkdâ qu'ak 4<8 >

+ Dapakhlkt% nbak has àks raiuslbakt ha sa

sguoattra ê da sadgkh nlptíoa% kgtlooakt ak Olurâtlkba+

D'ast pgur dael qua% vars 449% uk dgkdbea h'âvíquas sdfbsol/tbquas at Hgklt eub/oíoa lvlbakt lutgrbsâ ê hbspaksar ha datta

dârâogkba eas Dltfgebquas rleebâs lu sdfbsoa 4+ Zeus tlrh% eas

hbssbhakts ravbkrakt sur datta dgkdassbgk% at% hlks peusbaursdgkdbeas% hâdbhærakt qu'gk ranlptbsarlbt tgut ea ogkha-+ Kâlk/ogbks% oíoa lu taops h'Luùstbk% el prltbqua hu sadgkhnlptíoa dfgqulbt akdgra naludgup h'Lirbdlbks lttbrâs vars ea

sdfbsoa% at eas aopídflbt ha sa dgkvartbr.+ Aeea plrlët nbakk'lvgbr pls âtâ gnsarvâa hlks tgutas eas dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktasê el ibk hu bv a sbædea = vars 42>% Luùstbk ka vguelbt pls drgbraqua e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua ha Tbkbtuo aót ranlptbsâ uk hbldradltfgebqua 9

+ Datta quastbgk hu sadgkh nlptíoa% qub mlhbs lvlbtobs lux prbsas eas Aèbsas ha Dlrtflà at ha ^goa% ast uka hadaeeas qub% hlks e'Lirbqua hu bv

@sbædea% plssbgkkærakt ea peus eas

haux Aèbsas rbvleas at hgkkærakt ebau lux peus vbvas pgeâobquas+Eê% dgooa lbeeaurs% ea Hgkltbsoa k'lvlbt ùæra bkkgvâ+ Olbs

be rastlbt boognbea% tlkhbs qua e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua dgktbkulbt ê

âvgeuar+ Be rapgusslbt tgutas eas kguvalutâs vakuas ha ^goa guh'Grbakt% s'ak taklbt lux vbaux uslàs qu'lnlkhgkklbakt ak plrtbaeas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% at sa dgktaktlbt h'lhlptar das uslàslux prbkdbpas at lux nasgbks ha el sadta+ Hlks sl ebtur`ba% dgooahlks sl fbârlrdfba at prasqua tguta sgk gr`lkbsltbgk% be âtlbt

e'bolà ibhæea hu plssâ lirbdlbk+

D'ast pgur dael qua eas sdfbsoltbquas s'lttldflbakt sb

lrhaooakt lu sguvakbr at ê el trlhbtbgk ha slbkt Dyprbak+ Bes

vâkârlbakt ak eub kgk saueaoakt ea `rlkh âvgqua at ea ègrbauxolrtyr% olbs surtgut ea raprâsaktlkt ea peus beeustra at ea peuslutgrbsâ ha datta lktbqua Aèbsa kltbgklea hgkt bes sa drgylbakteas saues fârbtbars+ Bes bkvgqulbakt slks dassa sgk kgo% sgkŔuvra at sgk røea% pgur mustbibar eaur lttbtuha at eaur hgdtrbka%

<" Apbst+ 48% >/4+ 8" Apbse+ >4% 13 88% 1% <>+

>" Dgkdbe+ Lraele+ lkk+ 4<8% dlk+ 6+ ‘ 1" Ha nlptbsog% Y% 1% @+

Di+ Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ <+ 9" Apbst+ >4% >+

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <:% 84+



Uhç e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

kgtlooakt eakr prltbqua hu sadgkh nlptíoa <+ Da pltrgklà hu

peus `rlkh has âvgquas ha Dlrtflà ka elbsslbt pls qua h'ao/nlrrlssar eas Dltfgebquas% at Luùstbk eub/oíoa = h'lutlktobaux qua eas sdfbsoltbquas lvlbakt peabkaoakt rlbsgk% fbstg/

rbquaoakt+ Luùstbk dfardflbt ê axpebquar eas bhâas ha Dyprbak%slks ea dgoprgoattra = be ea râiutlbt ak leeâùlkt eas dbrdgks/tlkdas lttâkulktas% be asslylbt ha hâogktrar qua Dyprbak lurlbt

au uka lutra olkbæra ha vgbr% s'be aót vâdu dakt lks peus tlrh 1+

Ole`râ tgut% ea ilbt nrutle âdeltlbt lux yaux = datta hgdtrbka hashbssbhakts lirbdlbks% datta hgdtrbka qu'gk hâdelrlbt sb dguplnea%

d'âtlbt el hgdtrbka ha Dyprbak+ Legrs% Luùstbk axfgrtlbt eas

sdfbsoltbquas ê subvra hu ogbks musqu'lu ngut e'axaopea hu`rlkh âvíqua% qub k'lvlbt pls rgopu lvad sas dgktrlhbdtaurs =

« Bksaksâs Hgkltbstas% vgus qua kgus hâsbrgks at sguflbtgksrloakar ê el plbx at ê e'ukbtâ ha el slbkta Aèbsa% vgus qua kgusvguegks ùârbr% qua râpgkhaz/vgus ê dadb7 Tlks hguta% vgusl U bv% dgutuoa ha kgus gnmadtar eas eattras ha Dyprbak% el hgdtrbkaha Dyprbak% ea dgkdbea ha Dyprbak = pgurqugb hgkd bkvgquar

e'lutgrbtâ ha Dyprbak pgur mustbibar vgtra sdfbsoa% at ka plssubvra sgk axaopea ak rastlurlkt el plbx ha e'Aèbsa 7 ³ 4

+

Xlkt qu'be y aut has Hgkltbstas% eaur Nbnea iut prasqua axdeu/

sbvaoakt daeea ha Dyprbak+ Lu eakhaolbk hu sdfbsoa% eas hauxAèbsas lirbdlbkas âtlbakt aktbæraoakt h'lddgrh% at sur ea dlkgkhas ebvras slbkts% at sur ea dfgbx has taxtas eltbks+ Olbs% tlkhbs

qua el Nbnea eltbka has Dltfgebquas sa trlksigrolbt pau ê pau%e3b Nbnea hgkltbsta rastl booulnea v

+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas dgksar/værakt tgus eas ebvras qub ibùrlbakt ak 4<> lu dlkgk hae'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka 1

+ Olbs bes k'lddaptærakt pls eas guvrlàslhobs plr eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks lu dgurs hu SY a sbædea =

pgur e'Lkdbak Xastloakt% eas haux praobars ebvras h'Ashrls3

pgur ea Kguvalu% RApttra lux Fânraux% at el peuplrt hasApbtras hbtas « dltfgebquas ³% el hauxbæoa ha Zbarra% el

hauxbæoa at el trgbsbæoa ha Malk% eas Apbtras ha Mldquas at haMuha 9

+ Ak da qub dgkdarka ea taxta eltbk% el hbvaràkda aktraeas haux Aèbsas dgooakàl peus tlrh% olbs leel naludgup peus

<" Ha nlptbsog% B% <3 <6% >63 <<% < at 8" Di+ Qbsegbb/a ebttârlbra ha e 'Lirbquasubv+ = Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB% 4<% 423 'T>% dfrâtbakka% t+ B% p+ <49 at subv+

8:3 BBB% < ae subv+3 BY% <0% >:= Apbst+ 24% 1" Gptît% BBB% 'M = Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 6%

<:% 41 '+=%3 <:T% +',% 2/<>+ ><= 14% <% 43 60% 13 <:1%>%<3 <:1% 8%<83>" '5 nlptbsog% M% < ae subv+3 Be% B de <><"% =b 3 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 18% <9= Lh

subv+ 3 BBB% < ae subv+= Apbst+ 24% kb% 41/ Dltcgebdgs Apbstuel 53;ktkb Hgklbbsels%813 Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BB% 4<% 42 ae <>% 4<+

subv+3 BBB% B at subs+ bb" Fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua dfrâ/'/ nlptbsog% BB% +'b% b+ tbakka% B+ BBB% p+ >>2 at subv+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <11

egbk+ Musqua vars el ibk hu bv a sbædea% eas haux plrtbs ka dgk/

kurakt qua eas lktbquas varsbgks « lirbdlbkas ³ hu taops haDyprbak <

+ Olbs Luùstbk rlppgrtl ha Obelk at pgpuelrbsl akLirbqua has taxtas « btlebaks ravbsâs ³+ Qk pau peus tlrh% lrrb/

værakt hlks el dgktrâa eas varsbgks ha slbkt Mârøoa+ Hæs egrs%

el Nbnea has Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks iut uka ogslçqua ha taxtas

h'grb`bkas træs hbvarsas% lpplrtaklkt ê trgbs ilobeeas hbstbkdtas =

vbaux taxtas « lirbdlbks ³% taxtas « btlebaks ravbsâs ³% Rue`ltaha Mârøoa >

+ Lu dgktrlbra% eas Hgkltbstas dgktbkuærakt ê ao/

pegyarprasqua axdeusbvaoakt eas vbabeeas trlhudtbgks

dgktao/pgrlbkas ha Dyprbak 4+ Tlks hguta% Xydgkbus trlhubsbt ê sgk

tgur e' Lpgdleypsa -3 olbs datta varsbgk h'uk haob/trlksiuà ka

plrlët pls lvgbr âtâ lhgptâa plr eas hbssbhakts% at Xydgkbuseub/oíoa lvlbt prbs pgur nlsa ha sgk Dgooaktlbra ea vbauxtaxta ha Dyprbak 1

+ Ak ilbt% eas Hgkltbstas s'ak sgkt takus tgu/mgurs lux lktbquas varsbgks « lirbdlbkas ³+ Gk ea dgkstlta ê el

Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% gò eaurs dbtltbgks nbnebquas dgkdgrhaktlvad daeeas ha Dyprbak% tlkhbs qua eaurs lhvarslbras aopegbaktha prâiârakda eas taxtas « btlebaks ³ gu oíoa el trlhudtbgk haMârøoa 1

+ Oíoa dgktrlsta hlks eas guvrlàs qub oattakt luxprbsas has bktaregdutaurs lpplrtaklkt lux haux plrtbs rbvlux =

plr axaopea% hlks ea Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% ea Dgktrl Dras/

dgkbuo% gu ea Dgktrl Iueàktbuo <+ El Nbnea has Hgkltbstas l

dgksarvâ% plr eê% uka pfysbgkgoba grb`bklea+ Dgooa bes

k'lvlbakt pls h'lhaptas ak Grbakt at prasqua pls fgrs h'Lirbqua%dgooa h'lbeeaurs el peuplrt h'aktra aux slvlbakt ole ea `rad%

bes k'gkt pls au% lbksb qua eaurs dgopltrbgtas dltfgebquas% eltaktltbgk ha dgksuetar has varsbgks âtrlk`æras kb ha ravbsareaurs vbaux taxtas sur has olkusdrbts `rads = eaur Nbnea k'lpls peus sunb eas bkieuakdas grbaktleas qua eas bkieuakdas btl/

ebakkas+ Ak dael% dgooa ak tgut% bes gkt âtâ eas raprâsaktlktsgnstbkâs ha e'lktbqua trlhbtbgk lirbdlbka+

Zgur el hbsdbpebka% bes prâtakhlbakt raogktar peus flutakdgra% peus egbk qua eas peus egbktlbkas grb`bkas ha e'Âèbsa

h'Lirbqua = musqu'ê e'îà lpgstgebqua+ Eaur bhâle âtlbt e'bhâle

âvlk`âebqua+ Hlks el ræèa ha vba% e'Âvlk`bea at ea olrtyra

<" Fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua 1" Flusseabtar% Hba eltabkbsdfa Lpgcl/dfrâebakka% t+ B% p+ <48 at subv+ fmpsa har letak lirbclkbsdfak Cwdfa

>" Bnbh+% t+ B% p+ <46 at subv+ &Arelkàk at Eabpzb`% <62<"% p+ 06 at subv+

4" Bnbh+% t+ B% p+ <10 at subv+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >16+

8" Zrbolsbus% Dgooakt% supar Lpgdl/ 0" Dgktrl Iueàktbuo Hgklebstlo% </

eypsbk Mgflkkbs% lh dlp+ 2% <9 = l Lebl >93 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb%Brlkseltbg% qulo Xydgkbus axpgsube% fl/ BB% 9%<> at subv+3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB%

nat+++ ³ <0% >< at subv+



<1@ E Â@EBTA HGKLXITXA

âtlbakt eas haux bhâas ibxas% eas haux pøeas hu Hgkltbsoa+ Gkpaut hbra ha tgus eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks da qua ea plkâ/`yrbsta ha Olrdueus hbslbt ha sgk fârgs = « Be lvlbt tgumgurs ê

el ngudfa e'Âvlk`bea3 hlks el paksâa% ea olrtyra ³'+ Datta

prâgddupltbgk has sadtlbras sa ratrguva musqua hlks eas hgdu/oakts giibdbaes+ Ak 424% eas âvíquas hu Dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussllhrasslbakt eaur eattra sykghlea ê tgus eas âvíquas% prítras%

hbldras at ibhæeas « qub dgonlttlbakt lvad aux hlks el vârbtâ hae'Âvlk`bea ³U Lu obebau hu v a sbædea% uk âvíqua hbssbhakt haOlurâtlkba s'akhgrobt% subvlkt sgk âpbtlpfa% « hlks el igb ha

e'Âvlk`bea ³ 4+ E'Âèbsa ha Hgklt sa dgksbhârlbt dgooa el sauea

Âèbsa « âvlk`âebqua ³+

Dgooa lux praobars îàs hu dfrbstblkbsoa% aeea drgylbtsaktbr plssar ak aeea ea sguiiea ha e'Asprbt Tlbkt+ Be vl slks hbra

qua% h'lpræs eas sadtlbras% e'Asprbt ha Hbau s'âtlbt ê mlolbshâtgurkâ ha e'Âèbsa rbvlea+ Zlroakblkus hbslbt lux Dltfg/ebquas = « Hlks vgtra Âèbsa% quae Asprbt paut/be y lvgbr% sb da

k'ast daeub qub akilkta eas ibes ha e'Akiar7 ³-+ Zeus ea Hblnea

`l`klbt ha tarrlbk dfaz eas Dltfgebquas% peus Hbau sa olkbias/tlbt dfaz eas Hgkltbstas+ Tubvlkt uk plopfeâtlbra hu plrtb%

d'ast e'Asprbt Tlbkt qub lvlbt bkspbrâ ea olkbiasta has olrtyrsh'Lnbtbkl% pgbkt ha hâplrt hu sdfbsoa 1

+ At da plopfeâtlbralmgutlbt = « Hlks kgtra Âèbsa% eas vartus hu paupea sgkt ouetb/pebâas plr el prâsakda hu Tlbkt Asprbt+++ El mgba ha e'Asprbt

Tlbkt% d'ast ha vlbkdra hlks eas dgkiassaurs% ha trbgopfar hlkseas olrtyrs ³'+ E'Asprbt ast tgumgurs eê% qulkh eas fârgs ha el

sadta dgurakt lu havlkt ha el ogrt+ Be ast eê% qulkh Olrdueussa prâdbpbta ha sgk rgdfar% qulkh Olxboblkus hâdfbra ê Dlr/tbelà e'âhbb h'ukbgk% qulkh Bslld bkmurba eas Dltfgebquas%qulkh eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks s'akbvrakt at sa tuakt pgur oârbtar ea

Zlrlhbs 0+ Hgklt ea Drlkh dgopgsl uk guvrlà « Tur e'Asprbt

Tlbkt ³% hgkt be plssl peus tlrh pgur lvgbr âtâ uka bkdlrkl/ebgk-+ Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% qub lvlbt dgooakdâ plr ítra

lvgdlt bX+y+y"= +' =r%'d3"% elbsslbt aktakhra qu'be pguvlbt nbak lvgbr

U" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 09> +Leb`ka+ igssa% Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%>" « Bk varbtlta Avlkàebb kgnbsduo obeb/ < :::% p+ O8"+

tlktbnus ³ &Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 8" Gptît% BB% 0+

49% >:"+ ‘ Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka lhrassa 1" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <0/<6 Nltuza+

e'uk ha sas guvrlàs « hbeadebssbobs irltrb/ 9" Bnbh+% >:+

nus% dgoprasnytarbs at hbldgkbnus% obkbs/ < ZlssbgOlrdueb%'p+e9b'%ZlssbgOlxb/trbs% par hbgadasbo kgnbsduo . slkdtg oblkb at Bslld% p+ 092 Fb`ka+

dgkstbtuls ³ &Dgktrl ebtearls 6" Mârøoa% e;a vbr+ bee+%24+ ‘ Di+ Gptît%

Zaebeblkb% <<% <% >"+ BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Tarog <20% f = DgktrlBn ibhb Avlkàebb ³ &Fârgk ha Ybeea/ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BB% 0% U'+b+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <10

quaequa plraktâ lvad ea Zlrldeat'+ E'Asprbt Tlbkt l âtâ ea dgeel/

ngrltaur lssbhu has pgebtbquas hu plrtb% e'bkspbrltaur at ea prâ/sbhakt fgkgrlbra has dgkdbeas+ Gk ebt hlks el eattra sykghleahas âvgquas olxboblkbstas râukbs ê Dlnlrsussl ak 424 = « Kguslvgks hâdrâtâ% kgus tgus% âvgquas ha Hbau% ak prâsakda huTlbkt Asprbt+++ Kgus lvgks hâdbhâ% kgus at ea Tlbkt Asprbt+++ ³ l

+

Eas âvíquas prboblkbstas% lssaoneâs ê Nl`lç Xlkkâa subvlkta%ka iurakt pls ogbks liibroltbis = « << l peu ê e'Asprbt Tlbkt% qubast ak kgus% h'lssurar el plbx pgur tgumgurs at ha nrbsar eas

sdfbsoas sldrbeæàs+++ ³ 4+ Ak das lkkâas/eê% e'Asprbt ha Hbau

hut ítra hlks uk druae aonlrrls = gk ea oattlbt ak haoaurah'axdgooukbar sbouetlkâoakt Zrboblkus lu kgo has Olxb/oblkbstas% at Olxboblkus lu kgo has Zrboblkbstas+

Âtlkt hgkkâ datta bktarvaktbgk dgkstlkta ha e'Asprbt hlks eas

liilbras hu plrtb% gk ka slurlbt s'âtgkkar qua el igb lu surkl/turae lbt âtâ suraxdbtâa hlks e'îoa has igueas+ Eas Hgkltbstas% êdartlbks ogoakts% gkt âtâ liigeâs ha obrldeas+ Kgk saueaoaktbes drgylbakt% dgooa eas Dltfgebquas% lux ùârbsgks obrldu/

eausas at lutras prghbàs lddgopebs sur eas tgonalux has olr/tyrs3 olbs bes âtlbakt dgkvlbkdus qua taes ha eaurs âvgquasvbvlkts pguvlbakt ê eaur `râ ngueavarsar eas egbs ha el kltura%at oíoa aktrar hbradtaoakt ak dgooukbdltbgk lvad Hbau-+ Qkmgur qua Hgklt ea @rlkh âtlbt ak prbæra% Hbau eub râpgkhbt huflut hu dbae

1+ Ea oíoa Hgklt% e'âvíqua Zgktbus% qub vbvlbt lu

taops ha Muebak% at nbak h'lutras% âtlbakt dâeænras pgur eaursobrldeas 9

+ L hâilut ha obrldeas% eas oystbquas ogbks lonb/tbaux pguvlbakt aspârar hu ogbks uka vbsbgk+ Zgur eas dgkias/saurs% d'âtlbt uk pfâkgoæka dgurlkt+ L Dlrtflà% ak 480%lvlkt eaur olrtyra% Bslld at Olxboblkus aurakt% dflduk hasgk døtâ% uka vbsbgk 0

+ Ak Kuobhba% lvlkt ha ogurbr% Olrdueusgntbkt ea oíoa prbvbeæà3 at sgk ngurralu aut el oíoa ngkkaigrtuka 6

+ Da qub ast peus dlrldtârbstbqua% d'ast qua has lpplrb/tbgks surklturaeeas sa prghubslbakt â`leaoakt hlks ea dgursgrhbklbra ha el vba+ Lu taops h'Luùstbk% aeeas k'âtlbakt pls

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtearls Zatbeblkb%

BBB% <9% <2+

>" « Hadravbubus gokas sldarhgtas Hab%

prlasakta Tpbrbtu slkdtg+++ Zeldubt kgnbs at

Tpbrbtub slkdtg+++ ³ {Tarog << bk Zsleo+49% >:"+

4" « Zeldubt Tpbrbtub slkdtg% qub bk kgnbsast% pldao ibrolra parpatulo at sdfbsoltlrasadlra sldrbea`l ³ {Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo<<<% 14% 123 BY% <:% <>"+

8" Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbseuel dgktrl Hg/kltbstls% <2% 82+

1" Bk Mgeblkkbs Avlkàbbuo trldtltusVBBB% <0+

9" Bnbh+% VBBB% <0 3 Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbs/tuel dgktrl Hgkltbstls% <2% 82+

0" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096at 00:/00< Ob`ka+

6" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 094/098 Ob`ka+




rlras hlks el dgoouklutâ hbssbhakta h'Fbppgka <+ Yars e'lkkâa

8::% uk prítra sdfbsoltbqua ha Dgkstlktbka dfardflbt ê dgk/vartbr uk nguràgbs dltfgebqua ha el vbeea = ê ngut h'lrùoakts%be rldgktl qu'uk lkà eub lvlbt grhgkkâ ha rakguvaear sl tak/tltbva +

Igrts ha eaur pguvgbr surklturae at ha eaur dgeelngrltbgkparolkakta lvad e'Asprbt Tlbkt% eas Hgkltbstas prâtakhlbakthgkkar ê eaurs dgktaopgrlbks ea spadtldea ha el vârbtlnea vba

âvlk`âebqua+ Oghastaoakt% bes lppaelbakt eaur Âèbsa e'Âèbsa

« has Tlbkts ³% gu « has Mustas ³% gu « has olrtyrs ³ =<

+ At%

klturaeeaoakt% bes ka vgylbakt fgrs ha eaur dgooukbgk quahas sldrbeæàs% has dgqubks gu has trlëtras+ Gptît ha Obeav at

Luùstbk gkt sguvakt rlbeeâ das prâtaktbgks axtrlvl`lktas% qubs'âtleakt hlks el ebttârltura hgkltbsta at musqua hlks eas bksdrbp/

tbgks ha el dgktrâa+ « Hlks vgtra grùabe% hbt Gptît lux sdfbs/

oltbquas% vgus ravakhbquaz pgur vgus ea ogkgpgea ha el

slbktatâ+++ Olbs vgus/oíoas% qub vgueaz ítra dgksbhârâs plreas fgooas dgooa has slbkts at has mustas% lpprakaz/kgush'gò vgus vbakt datta slbktatâ qua vgus usurpaz sb tâoârlbra/oakt+++ H'gò vbakt hgkd qua% plr grùabt% vgus liibdfaz ukaslbktatâ plrilbta7+++ \ulkh vgus vgueaz raoattra eas pâdfâs%vgus prgdeloaz nbak flut vgtra bkkgdakda% at vgus plrhgkkazlux lutras dgooa sb vgus k'lvbaz ak vgus/oíoas ludukpâdfâ+++ Ygus vgus vlktaz h'ítra has slbkts3 at kgus% vguskgus oâprbsaz olkbiastaoakt% guvartaoakt³-+ Dbkqulkta lkspeus tlrh% Luùstbk âdrbt ê sgk tgur = « Kgus ea slvgks% eas

Hgkltbstas s'lttrbnuakt uka taeea surlngkhlkda ha mustbda% qu'bes

prâtakhakt kgk saueaoake lvgbr ak aux el mustbda% olbs akdgrael dgooukbquar ê h'lutras fgooas ³ '+

Olefaurausaoakt% el pluvra kltura fuolbka bkiebàl sgu/vakt uk druae hâoaktb ê datta grùabeeausa prâtaktbgk ha râleb/

sar sur el tarra e'bhâle âvlk`âebqua+ Tlks hguta% be y aut plrobeas Hgkltbstas naludgup ha træs fgkkítas àks% hgkt ea pâdfâob`kgk âtlbt saueaoakt ha pgussar e'aiigrt vars el slbktatâ

musqu'ê e'guneb has prâdaptas dfrâtbaks sur el irltarkbtâ at el

dflrbtâ+ Olbs eas hâilbeelkdas ha tgut àkra iurakt bkkgo/nrlneas at `rlvas+ Ka plregks kb has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% kb hatgutas eas vbgeakdas has deards safbsolebquas% kb oíoa has

<" Luùstbk% Lh Dlefuebdgs Apbseuel >:3 BBB% <:3 Y% 03 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtta/

dgktrl Hgkltbstls% ebt% 82+ rls e'atbeblkb% <<% >:% 883 90% <82/<1:3Apbst+ 14% <+ Tarog 22% 63 Apbît+ <61% 2% 40/46+

4" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% <2/>: Nleuza3 Dge/ <3 Gptît% BB% < de >:+

elb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >163 Gptît% Be B 3 b b 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 2% 40+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <12

lttaktlts dgktra eas âvíquas at eas prítras dltfgebquas = lux

yaux hassadtlbras% das

drboas hahrgbt

dgoouktrguvlbakt eaur

axdusa hlks e'bktârít hu plrtb% hlks ea hâvguaoakt ilkltbqua havrlbs dfrâtbaks prassâs ha ilbra râ`kar sur el tarra el plbx haMâsus at ha Hgklt+ Olbs el slbktatâ hgkltbsta l âtâ nbak sguvaktdgoprgobsa plr h'lutras hbstrldtbgks has « Tlbkts ³+ Eas lkkleasha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua sgkt peabkas h'fbstgbras sdlkhleausas =

prgsdrbptbgks ha ranaeeas% prgdæs ak olevarsltbgks% lvakturas`lelktas% lkadhgtas sdlnrausas+ Gk kgus plrea ha prítras%

h'âvøquas hgkltbstas% hâpgsâs ê el subta ha vbelbkas bktrbùas <

+

Lk hânut hu v a sbædea% e'âvíqua h'Lqula% præs Xfusurus% iut

dgkvlbkdu h'lhuetæra >+ \uaequas lkkâas luplrlvlkt% uk dar/

tlbk @yprblkus% âvgqua ha Xfunursbduo Nura% lvlbt âtâ « sur/prbs lvad uka iaooa ha oluvlbsa vba hlks uk oluvlbs ebau%

pubs trlhubt havlkt Zrboblkus ha Dlrtflà% at dgkhlokâ ³ 4+

Gk pgurrlbt ouetbpebar eas axaopeas+ Ole`râ eaurs naeeas

pfrlsas sur e'lustârbtâ at el puratâ% eas âvgquas at eas deards

sdfbsoltbquas saoneakt lvgbr âtâ peus ilbneas dgktra ea Hblnea

qua eaurs dgopltrbgtas at dgeeæùas dltfgebquas+Gk âtguiilbt das sdlkhleas tlkt qu'gk pguvlbt+ Gk dfardflbt

surtgut ê eas dldfar lux Dltfgebquas+ Olbs% pau ê pau% eas

elkùas sa hâeblbakt3 eas pgeâobstas tbrlbakt ngk plrtb ha das

fbstgbras% ê dgooakdar plr Luùstbk% qub l prbs sgbk ha kgusraksab`kar+ E'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua hut sa rakhra ê e'âvbhakda% at

bktrghubra hlks sas dgoouklutâs ha « Mustas ³ eas bkstbtutbgks

ngbtausas ha el mustbda fuolbka+ Dgooa e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua%aeea lvlbt sas trbnuklux addeâsblstbquas% qub dgkklbsslbakt hatgutas eas liilbras raeb`bausas% has quastbgks ha hbsdbpebka% plr/igbs oíoa% ha dartlbkas liilbras prgilkas+ Qk trbnukle ha da

àkra axbstlbt hlks ea hbgdæsa h'Fbppgka% at% prgnlneaoakt%hlks tgus eas hbgdæsas ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua-+ Ak Kuobhba%gk pguvlbt ak lppaear lu trbnukle hu prbolt gu lu sykghaprgvbkdble% pubs ê Dlrtflà+ Hlks eas lutras râ`bgks lirb/

dlbkas% eas lppaes âtlbakt hbradtaoakt sguobs lu prbolt haDlrtflà gu lu dgkdbea `âkârle% hgkt raeavlbakt tgus eas

âvíquas+ Gk hut sguvakt sâvbr% prgkgkdar has axdgooukbdl/tbgks% hâpgsar has âvíquas gu has deards 1

+ Gk hâpgsl oíoaplrigbs ea dfai hu plrtb = Zrboblkus lu dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl%

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <>2/<4:3 >:<3 BBB% 48% 8:+>:63 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% 8" Apbse+ 44% 1+

<<%>9% 9<3 BBB% 48% 8:+ 1" Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% BBB% 48%

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >:6+ 8:3 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <>2/<4:3 >:<34" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% >:6+



<9: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

Olxboblkus lu dgkdbea ha Nl`lç <+ D'âtlbakt ha oluvlbs mgurs

pgur el slbktatâ hgkltbsta+

Qka harkbæra quastbgk sa pgsa ê prgpgs hu Hgkltbsoa =

âtlbt/da saueaoakt uk sdfbsoa% gu% ak oíoa taops% uka fârâ/sba7 / / El râpgksa ast ildbea pgur has ogharkas = aeea e'âtlbt

naludgup ogbks pgur eas àks hu bv a sbædea+

Ak âtuhblkt pbæda ê pbæda e'gr`lkbsltbgk ha e'Âèbsa hbssb/

hakta% kgus y lvgks raeavâ has hbvaràkdas lvad e'Âèbsa dltfg/ebqua lirbdlbka hu taops% olbs has hbvaràkdas ha hâtlbe% at

qub s'axpebquakt plr e'bkstbkdt dgksarvltaur has sdfbsoltbquas+Ak sgooa% rbak qub sakta e'fârâsba+ Be y l% dapakhlkt% ukarâsarva ê ilbra = ê haux raprbsas% has Hgkltbstas sa dgoprgob/rakt uk pau lvad e'Lrblkbsoa+ Yars 484% Hgklt ea @rlkh raàutuka eattra sykghlea hu dgkdbea saob/lrbak ha Tlrhbqua3 pau hataops lpræs% be punebl uk ebvra Ttw el Xrbkbtâ% gò gk e'lddusl

h'lvgbr ilbt quaequas dgkdassbgks ê el hgdtrbka h'Lrbus 6+ Lu

hânut hu v a sbædea% qulkh eas @gtfs lrbaks dgooakdærakt êhgobkar e'Btleba% has Hgkltbstas% vgylkt eaur Âèbsa parsâdutâaplr eas Dltfgebquas% dfardfærakt ê sa dgkdbebar eas vlbkquaurs

hu mgur ak hâdelrlkt lhfârar ê eaur hgdtrbka3 h'lutras lhoat/tlbakt qua ea Ibes ast bkiârbaur lu Zæra% olbs ha oíoa sun/stlkda'+ Akibk% vars ea obebau hu v a sbædea% Xfâghgrat prâtakhlbtqua% sur el Xrbkbtâ% eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt h'lddgrh lvad eas

Lrbaks-+ Gk paut kâèbàr e'liibroltbgk ha Xfâghgrat% qub âtlbt

ole raksab`kâ sur eas dfgsas h'Lirbqua+ Eas lutras tâogb`klàssgkt brrâduslneas% at eas ilbts nbak âtlnebs3 olbs gk hgbt sa `lr/har h'ak tbrar has dgkdeusbgks axl`ârâas+ Luùstbk oat eas

dfgsas lu pgbkt = el `rlkha olmgrbtâ has Hgkltbstas âtlbakt

plrilbtaoakt grtfghgxas% quaequas/uks saueaoakt bkdebklbakt

vars e'fârâsba s+ Gu peutøt% vars eas fârâtbquas% at pgur has rlb/

sgks gò el igb k'lvlbt rbak ê vgbr+ Dgooa lu taops ha Hgklt%d'ast pgur has ogtbis pgebtbquas qua e'gk sa rlpprgdflbt hasLrbaks+ H'lbeeaurs% das taktltbvas ha rlpprgdfaoakt rastærakt

bsgeâas% at k'aurakt pls ha subta+ E'axaopea has dgktaopgrlbks%at h'Luùstbk eub/oíoa% kgus lutgrbsa ê k'lttldfar ludukabopgrtlkda ê das ilktlbsbas tfâgeg`bquas ha quaequas hbssb/

hakts lirbdlbks+ Hgkd% pgur e'fbstgrbak ogharka% luduk hgutak'ast pgssbnea = ea Hgkltbsoa ast sbopeaoakt uk sdfbsoa+

b" Luùstbk% Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >: 3 4" Luùstbk% Tarog <64% 1% 23 Apbst+

rl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 14% 123 19% 9>+ <6=3+ <+

>" Olksb% Dgktb +% t+ BBB% p+ <>93 Mârøoa% 8" Xfâghgrat% eelaraeu zlruo ilnuelruoHa vbr+ +% B ustbk% Apbs t+ 88% 4% dutkpabbhbuo% BY% 9+

93 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ 48% 463 BY% 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 9<% >3 <61% <3 Tarog88% <64% 1% 2+



G^@LKBTLXBGK <9<

Olbs qua pakslbakt eê/hassus eas dgktaopgrlbks% at% lvlkttgut% eas Lirbdlbks7 Ak râlebtâ% bes k'gkt mlolbs pu sa oattrah'lddgrh% at dael pgur haux rlbsgks = eas ogts% hlks ea elk/

`là grhbklbra% k'lvlbakt pls legrs el prâdbsbgk qu'bes gktlumgurh'fub 3

pubs% dflduk has haux plrtbs lvlbt bktârít ê tbrar êeub das ogts% at oøoa ak hbvars saks saegk eas taops+ Naludgupha Hgkltbstas% dgooa Zlroakblkus% dgksbhârlbakt sbkdæraoakteaurs lhvarslbras dgooa has fârâtbquas '

3 at ea ilbt k'l rbak hasurpraklkt% pubsqua eas deards hbssbhakts trlbtlbakt ak plçakseas Dltfgebquas dgkvartbs >

+ \ulkt lux pgeâobstas dltfgebquas%

bes gkt naludgup vlrbâ sur da pgbkt+ Hlks e'aktrlëkaoakt hasdgktrgvarsas% bes lppaelbakt sguvakt eaurs dgktrlhbdtaurs hasfârâtbquas 4

+ Olbs% qulkh bes lvlbakt has rlbsgks ha prâdbsar% bes

paslbakt hlvlktlà eas ogts+ Dfgsa durbausa% bes gkt bkdebkâ

hlks uk saks gu hlks e'lutra% saegk e'bktârít hu ogoakt+ Mus/

qua vars el ibk hu bv a sbædea% eas egbs `âkârleas dgktra eas fârâ/tbquas k'lttab`klbakt pls akdgra eas sdfbsoltbquas+ Lussb eas

Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% dgoptlkt sur el ebnra hbsdussbgk pgurrloakar eaurs lhvarslbras% eas oâklàkt vbsbneaoakt% râpætaktqua eas Hgkltbstas sgkt sbopeaoakt has sdfbsoltbquas% sâplrâssaueaoakt ha e'Aèbsa plr ea sdfbsoa oíoa+ D'ast da qua prg/deloa Gptît ha Obeav hlks sas râpgksas ê Zlroakblkus -

3 d'ast

lussb el paksâa h'Luùstbk lu taops ha sl prítrbsa at hlks eas

praobæras lkkâas ha sgk âpbsdgplt U D'âtlbt% h'lbeeaurs% e'gpb/

kbgk has fgooas h'Âtlt at has aoparaurs = eas âhbts

« h'ukbgk ³ k'lurlbakt pls au ha saks% sb ea Hgkltbsoa lvlbt

âtâ lutra dfgsa qu'uk sdfbsoa+ Olbs ea mgur vbkt gò ea sdfbsoa

lirbdlbk iut eâ`leaoakt lssbobeâ lux fârâsbas9

+ Hæs egrs% easDltfgebquas s'âvartuærakt ê hâogktrar qua da sdfbsoa âtlbt

lussb uka fârâsba <+ Zlr dgktra% eas Hgkltbstas dgooakdærakt ê

s'lpardavgbr qua% oíoa hu pgbkt ha vua ha eaurs lhvarslbras%bes âtlbakt saueaoakt has sdfbsoltbquas 6

+ Eas haux plrtbs lvlbaktdflk`â ha tfæsa = dgksâquakda sbkùebæra% olbs træs fuolbka%h'uka dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea+

Hapubs ea hânut hu v a sbædea% eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks iurakt

<" Gptît% B% 13 <:3 <>+ 8" Gptît% B% 13 <:3 <>3 BB% <3 BBB% 23>" Bnbh+% <<<% <<3 Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk Y% <+

Zsleo+ <84% <93 el Mgflkkbs Aglkàebuo 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% <3 9<% </>3Brldeleus Y% <4+ Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 18% <9+

4" Gptît% <% 43 BY% 9 at 63 Luùstbk% 9" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% 8+

Apbst+ >2% <<3 9<% <3 99% < 3 Tarog 9>% 0" Luùstbk% A kst+ 60% 83 24% <<% 893<>% <63 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 41% 23 18% >:3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%Q% 4/0% 8/23 Ha fla/10% 9 at <13 <>8% 13 âtrlde+% B% >:3 Dgk/ ras+% 92+Brl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 6% <4 3 Dgu/ 6" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<% 4% 8+

Brl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% B% <+

BY Q



<9> E Â@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

giibdbaeeaoakt trlbtâs ak fârâtbquas+ Yars e'lkkâa 8::% uk rasdrbt

h'Fgkgrbus lvlbt grhgkkâ ha eaur lppebquar eas egbs qub bktar/

hbslbakt lux fârâtbquas ha radavgbr gu ha ilbra has hgkltbgksgu has ea`s<

+ Yars el ibk ha 8:4% ê el subta ha e'lttaktlt dgoobsdgktra sgk dgeeæùa Zgssbhbus% Drbspbkus ha Dlelol iut dgk/hlokâ ê uka loakha ha hbx ebvras h'gr% ak vartu ha el egb haXfâghgsa qub vbslbt eas fârâtbquas >

+ Akdgurl`âs plr datta sak/takda% at pgussâs ê ngut plr eas vbgeakdas ha eaurs lhvarslbras%eas âvíquas dltfgebquas% râukbs ê Dlrtflà ea <9 mubk 8:8%haolkhærakt ê e'aoparaur h'lssbobear hâibkbtbvaoakt ea Hgkl/tbsoa lux fârâsbas 4

+ E'âhbt hu <> iâvrbar 8:1 eaur hgkkl peabkasltbsildtbgk+ Fgkgrbus y prgdeloa sl iaroa râsgeutbgk h'lkâlk/tbr datta sadta qub « hlks el drlbkta h'ítra lppaeâa uka fârâsba%

sa dguvrlbt hu kgo ha sdfbsoa ³% olbs qub « plr sl prltbquahu sadgkh nlptíoa% lvlbt trlksigroâ ea sdfbsoa ak fârâsba <

³+

D'ast prâdbsâoakt aktra eas lkkâas 8:: at 8:1 qua eas pgeâ/obstas has haux plrtbs ibrakt vgeta/ilda+ Qk Hgkltbsta% Drasdg/kbus% aktraprbt ha hâogktrar qua sas lobs k'âtlbakt pls hasfârâtbquas% qu'luduka hbvaràkda ha hgdtrbka ka eas sâplrlbt

has Dltfgebquas+ L el dgkiusbgk vgegktlbra qua trlfbsslbakt easrasdrbts ha e'Aoparaur at eas lrríts has trbnuklux% be gppgsluka hâibkbtbgk rltbgkkaeea has haux taroas lnusbvaoakt lssb/

obeâs = « Qka fârâsba% hbt/be% ast uka sadta dgopgsâa ha àkshgkt el hgdtrbka ast hbiiârakta 3 uk sdfbsoa ast uka rupturaaktra àks qub gkt el oíoa hgdtrbka 1

³+ D'âtlbt el praobæra igbs

qu'uk Hgkltbsta y vgylbt sb delbr+ Luùstbk iut aonlrrlssâ+ <<

ka trguvlbt pls hâdbsbi e'lrùoakt tbrâ hu sadgkh nlptíoa =

lrùoakt qub% hapubsuk

sbædea% k'lvlbt plsaopídfâ

eas Dltfg/ebquas lirbdlbks ha vgbr hlks eaurs lhvarslbras hasbopbas sdfbs/

oltbquas+ H'lutra plrt% be lpprguvlbt at dfardflbt ê mustbibar

e'âhbt bopârble+ Be bol`bkl hgkd uka hâibkbtbgk bk`âkbausa at

lssaz sbkùebæra = « Qk sdfbsoa% hbt/be% ast uka ruptura râdaktalvad e'Aèbsa% ruptura dlusâa plr quaequa hbvaràkda h'gpbkbgks3dlr be ka paut y lvgbr sdfbsoa% sb daux qub ea igkt k'gkt plsquaequa hbvaràkda h'gpbkbgks+ E'fârâsba ast uk sdfbsoa bkvâ/

târâ 9³+ H'lpræs datta tfæsa durbausa% ea sdfbsoa havbakt fârâsba

plr e'aiiat saue hu taops+ Datta axpebdltbgk% pau rltbgkkaeea aklpplrakda% pgurrlbt ítra mustbibâa hlks uka dartlbka oasura plr

<" Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% &b% b+

<>% <2+ T Uk •bbsbbk+ Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BB+

>" Apbst+ 66% 03 <:1% >% 83 Dgktrl 4% 8+

Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <0% +=

MB 3 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl 9" Bnbh+% Be% 0% '+t+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 60% 8 3

Luùlebkb% <8+ Ha flaras+% 92+

4" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l rbd% dlk+ 24+



DL^LDXÆÂT AX ^ØEA TGDBLE <94

has axaopeas fbstgrbquas 3 dlr sguvakt ea sdfbsoa% ê el egkùa%

sa dgopebqua h'fârâsba+ Olbs da k'âtlbt pls ea dls pgur ea Hgkl/tbsoa% qub k'lvlbt kueeaoakt vlrbâ hapubs sl klbsslkda+ Be k'ast

hgkd pls dartlbk qua% sur da pgbkt% Luùstbk lbt rlbsgk dgktraDrasdgkbus+ Olbs ea ilbt eâ`le âtlbt ldqubs = hapubs el egb ha 8:.;%

dgkibroâa plr nbak h'lutras% at slui ea dgurt aktr'ldta ha el Dgk/iârakda ha 8<<% ea Hgkltbsoa iut hâibkbtbvaoakt lssbobeâ luxfârâsbas% trlbtâ at prgsdrbt dgooa tae+

YBBBDlrldtæras at røea hu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dlusas lpplraktas at dlusas prgigkhas hu

sdfbsoa+ ‘ ^bvlebtâ hu prbolt ha Kuobhba at ha e'âvídpma ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Ibhâ/ebtâ lux trlhbtbgks egdleas+ ‘ Hâvgtbgk at bktrlksbàlkda has Lirbdlbks+ ‘ Atltsgdble hu plys+ ‘ Oâdgktaktaoakt h'uka plrtba ha el pgpueltbgk+ ‘ Zrbkdbpahu sdfbsoa+ ‘ Asprbt dgksarvltaur at bktrlksbàlkt+ ‘ El vârbtlnea Aèbsa+ ‘Flbka dgktra eas Dltfgebquas at dgktra eas plçaks+ ‘ Dlegokbas pgpuelbras+ ‘Dgktrgvarsas+ ‘ âius ha hbsdutar lvad eas Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Gnmat at dlrldtærahas pgeâobquas+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgks dgktra e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar+ ‘Lppaes ê el vbgeakda at lux plssbgks pgpuelbras ‘ Eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ ‘ Dudrraraeb`bausa at ùarra sgdblea+ ‘ Eas Hgkltbstas oghârâs at eas bktrlksbàlkts+ ‘^øea has deards hgkltbstas hlks eas âoautas at eas lttaktlts has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ ‘Hlks quaeea oasura gk paut dgksbhârar ea Hgkltbsoa dgooa uk plrtb h'gppgsb/tbgk pgebtbqua gu uk oguvaoakt ultbgkle+ ‘ ^øea hu Hgkltbsoa hlks e'fbstgbra

hu dfrbstblkbsoa lirbdlbk+

E'fbstgbra at e'gr`lkbsltbgk hu Hgkltbsoa paroattakt h'akhâtarobkar lvad lssaz ha prâdbsbgk eas dlusas râaeeas at hurlneas%eas dlrldtæras hgobklkts at eas prbkdbpas% eas lspbrltbgks% ea røeasgdble at pgebtbqua+

Xgut h'lngrh% gk hgbt hbstbkùaraktra

easdlusas lpplraktas%lddbhaktaeeas% at eas dlusas prgigkhas hu sdfbsoa+ E'grb`bka

booâhblta hu Hgkltbsoa ast hlks eas surprbsas ha el parsâdu/tbgk ha Hbgdeâtbdk% hlks datta quastbgk has elpsb qub lvlbt hâmêprghubt eas sdfbsoas hu taops ha Dyprbak% hlks el hbiibduetâ harâèar el sbtultbgk has bkkgonrlneas dfrâtbaks qub lvlbakt ilbneb

h'uka ilàgk gu h'lutra ak ilda has parsâdutaurs+ Lvlkt oøoaea râtlnebssaoakt ha el plbx raeb`bausa% ea oleaktakhu âdeltahlks ea olkbiasta has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl% hlks el râukbgk has

âvíquas kuobhas ê Dbrtl% hlks el dgrraspgkhlkda hu prboltTadukhus lvad Oaksurbus ha Dlrtflà% hlks el dlopl`ka h'bk/

vadtbvas dgktra Oaksurbus at sgk lrdfbhbldra <

+ L das oleaktak/hus s'lmgutakt has quaraeeas ha parsgkkas% has mlegusbas% hasrlkdukas% eas bktrbùas ha Hgklt has Dlsas Kgbras% ha Eudbeel%

<" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <9/>: Nleuza3 Gptît% <<<% >0% 4:= Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <4% >1 at

<% <4/<93 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% subv+3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% <%40% 80+









DL^LDXAÂT AX ^GEA TGDBLE <90

Dgooa lux taops fârgçquas hu dfrbstblkbsoa% aeea sa saktlbt ak

dgooukbgk parolkakta lvad e'Asprbt Tlbkt% hgkt el prâsakdasa olkbiastlbt lux peus bkdrâhueas plr eas obrldeas at eas

vbsbgks <

+ Aeea rlvbsslbt eas ibhæeas plr eas prltbquas ouetbpebâas

h'uka hâvgtbgk axbàlkta% dgooa plr el sâvârbtâ tfâgrbquaha sl hbsdbpebka ,

= h'lutlkt obaux qua datta sâvârbtâ haprbkdbpa ka e'aopídflbt pls ha sa prítar% ak ilbt% lux lddgo/oghaoakts.+ Ak ilda has trlfbsgks at has dgrruptbgks ha e'lutra

Âèbsa% aeea prâtakhlbt giirbr lu ogkha ea oarvabeeaux spadtldea

h'uka Âèbsa ha Tlbkts 8+ At das Tlbkts âtlbakt h'lutlkt peus

dfars lu paupea% qu'bes tâogb`klbakt ak tguta dfgsa h'ukâtgkklkt raspadt pgur eas vbabeeas trlhbtbgks ha e'Aèbsa lirbdlbka+

Hlks e'gr`lkbsltbgk oltârbaeea% hlks el fbârlrdfba at el ebtur`ba%

bes ka hbiiârlbakt has Dltfgebquas qua sur eas pgbkts gò das

trlëtras ha Dltfgebquas lvlbakt rakbâ e'uslà kltbgkle = qulkhe'gk bkdrbobklbt das hbvaràkdas% eas âvíquas hgkltbstas râpgk/hlbakt sbopeaoakt% lvad e'lpprgnltbgk ha el iguea% qu'bes

subvlbakt e'axaopea ha eaurs pæras 1+ T'bes guvrlbakt at ebslbakt

eaurs ebvras slbkts% gk y radgkklbsslbt eas vâkârlneas taxtasnbnebquas qub lvlbakt âtâ ak fgkkaur lux taops ègrbaux ha

Dyprbak 9+ Bes k'lvlbakt rbak dflk`â lux flnbtuhas has pgpuel/

tbgks3 at e'gk dgkklët el oaktlebtâ has hâvgts% qub k'lboaktpls ê ítra trguneâs hlks eaurs flnbtuhas+ E'Aèbsa ha Hgkltukbsslbt ak aeea eas haux trlhbtbgks dfæras ê das plssbgkkâsdfrâtbaks h'Lirbqua = aeea âtlbt ak dgooukbdltbgk lvad e'Asprbt

Tlbkt% dgooa eas Lpøtras 3 aeea ranlptbslbteas fârâtbquas% dgooaDyprbak+

Tgk bktrlksbàlkda tfâgrbqua âtlbt ak flrogkba lvad e'bk/

trlksbàlkda klturaeea hu taopârloakt lirbdlbk+ Xgut akoâklàlkt e'bktârít hu plrtb% tgut ak sldrbiblkt lux kâdassbtâs

hu ogoakt 0

% eas âvíquas hgkltbstas gkt tgumgurs su sluva`lrhar%lux yaux has igueas% el sguvarlbkatâ ha eaurs prbkdbpas axdeusbis+

<" Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <0/>: Nleuza 3 ZlssbgOlrdueb% p+ 094/<98 Ob`ka3 Zlssbg Olxb/oblkb at Bslld% p+ 096/00< Ob`ka3 Luùs/tbk% Bk Mgflkkbs Avlkàebuo trldtktus

VBBB% <03 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49%>:3 LhDlefgebdgs Apbseuel dgktrl Hgklebstls%<2% 823 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 14% 12+

>" Gptît% BB% >93 <<<% <<3 Ldtl Tleur/kbkb% <9/>: Nleuza3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebt/

tarls Zaebeblkb% BB% 19% <>0 at subv+ 3 BBB%

4>% 40+

4" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 1<% 83 14% 4% 93 24%

<:% 843 <:6% >% 8/13 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BBB% <1% <6= 9:% 99+

8" Gptît% BB% <3 <83 >:3 BBB% 83 Luùs/tbk% Apbst+ <:6% 0% >:3 Dgktrl ebt <ar lsZaebeblkb% BB% >:% 883 Ha ukbdg nlptbsog%<8% >83 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >16+

1" Luùstbk% Ha nlptbsog% <% < 3 <6% >63

BB% <% > at subv+3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BB%

4<% 423 BBB% < at subv+3 Apbst+ 24% <:% 41+

9" âtrldE% B% >:% 13 Dgktrl QetrlsZaebeblkb+ BB% 9% <> at subv+ 3 Dgeelb+ Dlr/tfl`+% Beb% >16+

0" Gptît% BB% <93 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% 4%

93 24% <:% 84= <:1% >% 23 Dgktrl ebeearlsZaebeblkb% BB% 2>% >:43 20% >>83 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% <1% <63 9:% 99+




Bes ilbslbakt prgiassbgk ha olbktakbr bkvbgelneas eas ræèas ha

el fbârlrdfba% ha el ebtur`ba at ha el hbsdbpebka <+ Datta sguobssbgk

fârgçqua ê el ræèa ildbebtlbt naludgup el tîdfa has âvíquas% at

irlpplbt h'lhobrltbgk ea vue`lbra% qub lboa eas sgeutbgks

sbopeas at eas fgooas tgut h'uka pbæda+ L datta lnkâ`ltbgksuneboa% ê datta rb`bhbtâ vgegktlbra has deards ha Hgklt% gkgppgslbt el dgkhubta âqubvgqua has Dltfgebquas% eaurs fâsbtl/

tbgks% eaurs hâdbsbgks dgktrlhbdtgbras% eaur guneb has trlhbtbgks%

eaur pgebtbqua ha dgkdassbgks at ha dgoprgobs% lvad has

lddæs ha sâvârbtâ gu ha vbgeakda U Tlks hguta% datta bktrlksb/

àlkda has deards hgkltbstas eaur lttbrl nbak has hbiibduetâs lvadea pguvgbr sâduebar% at hâdflëkl dgktra aux has parsâdutbgks3

olbs bes ak iurakt h'lutlkt peus pgpuelbras+ Zlr datta lttbtuha%

bes ielttlbakt e'asprbt h'gppgsbtbgk dfaz eas oâdgktakts sb

kgonraux ak Lirbqua% dgegks gu bkhb`ækas = bes dgurgkklbakttgutas eaurs vartus ha e'lurâgea hu olrtyra 4

+

El dgkdaptbgk hgkltbsta ha e'Âèbsa k'âtlbt pgbkt kgk peus

pgur hâpelbra lux Lirbdlbks% pubsqu'aeea lngutbsslbt% ak ilbt%

ê el dgkstbtutbgk h'uka Âèbsa axdeusbvaoakt kltbgklea+ Eastfâgrbdbaks hu plrtb ka kblbakt pls qua el vârbtlnea Âèbsa% akprbkdbpa% iót ukbvarsaeea+ Bes lddgrhlbakt oíoa qu'aeea s'âtlbt

âtakhua lutraigbs sur tgut e'Aopbra rgolbk% musqua dfaz haspgpueltbgks nlrnlras+ Olbs bes lmgutlbakt qua% ha eaur taops%aeea sa olbktaklbt saueaoakt ak Lirbqua+ Eas dfrâtbaks haFgoa at ha tgus eas plys âtrlkàrs s'âtlbakt parhus ak sa

sgebhlrbslkt lvad eas trlhbtdurs lirbdlbks% hgkt bes âtlbakt

havakus eas dgopebdas bkdgksdbakts at qub eaur lvlbakt dgoou/kbquâ el sgubeeura fârâhbtlbra+ Hâsgrolbs% be k'y lvlbt peus hadfrâtbaks lutfaktbquas qua hlks eas dgoouklutâs hu plrtb haHgklt-+ L e'lppub ha datta tfæsa surpraklkta% eas sdfbsoltbquasbkvgqulbakt oíoa has taxtas ha e'Âdrbtura+ Lux bkkgonrlneasabtltbgkshas Dltfgebquas sur e'Âèbsa ukbvarsaeea% bes gppgslbaktsurtgut da varsat hu Dlktbqua has Dlktbquas = « Bkhbqua/ogb%tgb qua dfârbt ogk îoa% gò tu ilbs plëtra tgk trgupalu% gò tu

{" Gptît% BB% ></>93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BB% <:3 BBB% >T63 Luùs/Dgk rl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BB% <4% ebk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zabbeblkb% BB% BK+

=3e = Apbst+ >4% 13 88% 1% <>3 24% 8% <83 8:= >4% 1<= 0<% <1,"3 01% <90= 09% <92+

Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >16+ B Gptît% BB% </<43 Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+%b Gptît% BBB%' <= Luùstbk% Apbst+ F.%% BBB% >163 tuùstbk% Apbst+ 24% eu% 883

</>3 Dgktrl ebtta+rls Zabbeblkb% BB% '+t++ Dgkerl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% </8%

<>0 de subv+3 BBB% 4>% 40 at subv+3 Dgkerl </93 BB% </2% </<63 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB%

gkbuo% BB% <:% <>= BY% <1% <0+ TQ% <:/>4+

4" Zlssbg Olrdtbeb% p+ 09< at 099 Ob`ka3




rapgsas hlks ea obhb% bk oakhba ³'+ Da obhb% d'âtlbt e'Lirbqua+

El Nbnea eâ`btbolbt eas prâtaktbgks ha el sadta > +

Hgkd% sauea lu ogkha% e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt raprâsaktlbt el vârb/

tlnea Âèbsa+ Aeea rapgussl tgumgurs eas kgos hâhlb`kaux quaeub hgkklbakt sas lhvarslbras% at plr easquaes kgus el hâsb`kgksakdgra = plrs Hgkltb% gu sdfbsol Hgkltb% gu Hgkltbstla 4

+ Zgursas ibhæeas% aeea âtlbt sbopeaoakt e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% el vrlba%

el sauea+ Aeea k'l mlolbs dassâ ha râdeloar da tbtra+ Ak 4<4% ea

râqubsbtgbra has hbssbhakts dgktra Dladbeblkus iut prâsaktâ lu

kgoha e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua &Ebnaeels Addeasbla dltfgbçala''"+

Ak4<8% hlks ea prgdæs ha e'âvíqua Iâebx h'Lftfu`kb% eaur lvgdltdgooakàl sgk hbsdgurs plr das ogts = « Ma plrea lu kgo hassatbbgras hu paupea dfrâtbak ha el Egb dltfgebqua+++ 1

³+ \uaequaslkkâas peus tlrh% uk plopfeâtlbra hu plrtb bkvgqulbt ea olkb/iasta has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl pgur hâogktrar qua sgk Aèbsa âtlbt

« e'Aèbsa slbkta% el sauea% el vârbtlnea Aèbsa dltfgebqua <

³+ Qklutra plopfeâtlbra% pgur axpebquar ea oleaktakhu sur ea kgo%oattlbt ak dlusa ea Hblnea eub/oíoa = Tltlk lvlbt râussb ê dgk/sarvar lux trlhbtaurs da kgo vâkârâ ha Dltfgebquas% pgur ilbra

drgbra lu ogkha qua eas vrlbs Dltfgebquas âtlbakt has fârâ/tbquas '+ Xgus eas pgeâobstas ha el sadta gkt sgutaku âkar`bqua/oakt el oíoa tfæsa+ L el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% ha vbvas hbsdus/sbgks s'ak`l`ærakt eê/hassus aktra eas haux plrtbs% hgkt dfldukprâtakhlbt raprâsaktar e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua 6

+ Eas Hgkltbstask'gkt mlolbs vlrbâ kb dâhâ sur da pgbkt+ L `rlkh rakigrt hataxtas nbnebquas% bes lkleyslbakt uk ê uk tgus eas dlrldtæras ha el

vârbtlnea Âèbsa dltfgebqua% pgur dgkdeura klturaeeaoakt quadas dlrldtæras sa trguvlbakt saueaoakt hlks e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt UAt datta dgkdeusbgk rlvbsslbt eaurs ibhæeas% ak dfltgubeelkte'logur/prgpra ha das klçis Lirbdlbks% qub âtlbakt ibars ha pgs/sâhar% hlks eaur Âèbsa mlegusaoakt kltbgklea% ea saue rloaluakdgra vart ha e'Âèbsa ukbvarsaeea+

Qk has trlbts eas peus olrquâs hu Hgkltbsoa% h'uk ngut êe'lutra ha sgk fbstgbra% d'ast ea hâvguaoakt ilkltbqua ha sas

<" Dlkebd% <%9+ 9" Ldtl Tleurkbkb% >: Nleuza+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 6% >8/>1 3 Lh 0" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 4+

Dltfgebdgs Apbseuel dgkerl Hgklebsels% 6m Dgeeît+ Dlrtcl`+% BBB% >>= 01/093<2% 1<+ 2</243 >163 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB%

4" ËLdel Tlturkbkb% < at <9 Nleuza3 4% 43 8% 1+

Zlssbg Hgkltb% 43 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 2" Gpelt% BB% </<43 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+%>>3 013 2</243 >163 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ BBB% >163 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <:% 883Dgeelb+% BBB% 4% 43 8% 1+ Dgktrl Apbstu lo Zlroakblkb% B% </8%

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 8% <4+ </93 BB% </2% </<63 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB%

1" Ldtl pur`lebgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <2T 6/<<% <:/>4+]bwsl+



<0: e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

lhaptas% at el flbka kgk ogbks ilkltbqua hgkt bes pgursubvlbakteas Dltfgebquas+ El praobæra rlbsgk qu'bes lvlbakt h'axâdrar

e'Aèbsa rbvlea% d'ast qua datta sgb/hbslkt Aèbsa% ole`râ sgkbkhb`kbtâ at sl hâdfâlkda brrâoâhblnea% usurplbt ea kgo sldrâha Dltfgebqua% s'ak plrlbt lux yaux hu ogkha `rîda ê el dgo/pebdbtâ has àks h'gutra/oar% at raeâùlbt sas lhvarslbras hlksel vue`lbra dltâ`grba has fârâtbquas gu has sdfbsoltbquas <

+ Easadgkh ogtbi ha flbka% d'ast qua e'Âèbsa has trlhbtaurs âtlbt

e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea% qu'aeea pguvlbt dgoptar sur e'lppub hu pgu/vgbr sâduebar% qua pârbghbquaoakt aeea prgvgqulbt at hâdflë/

klbt el parsâdutbgk>

+ El trgbsbæoa rlbsgk% paut/ítra el peusigrta% d'ast qua eas ibhæeas has haux plrtbs âtlbakt ak prâsakdahlks tgutas eas vbeeas at hlks el peuplrt has ngur`s% sa oakl/àlkt ha e'Ŕbe at hu pgbk`% sa hbsputlkt eas îoas% eas tarras at

eas nlsbebquas = bes sa flçsslbakt h'uka flbka ha iræras akkaobs 4+

Dfaz eas Dltfgebquas% da saktboakt âtlbt grhbklbraoakt dgktakuplr uk rasta ha dflrbtâ dfrâtbakka% plr el oghârltbgk raeltbva

has âvíquas at hu dear`â+ Dfaz eas sdfbsoltbquas% lu dgktrlbra%eas deards at eas âvíquas hgkklbakt irâquaooakt e'axaopea ha el

vbgeakda = rbak k'lrrítlbt eas plssbgks nrutleas ha el iguea% kb

eas lppâtbts `rgssbars has bkhb`ækas tgumgurs príts ê pbeear pgurel ègbra ha Hbau+ E'bhâle âvlk`âebqua ha e'Aèbsa has « Tlbkts ³

havaklbt trgp sguvakt% hlks el râlebtâ% uka âdgea ha flbka% ha

pbeelà at ha oaurtra+Eas Hgkltbstas ka sa drgylbakt pls takus ê peus ha oâklà/

oakts akvars uk Dltfgebqua qu'akvars uk plçak+ Gr% tgut eaur

saofelbt parobs ê e'â`lrh has bhgeîtras = eas oakldas% eas

lttlquas ê olbk lroâa% eas bkmuras at eas dgups+ Hgkltbstas atDbrdgkdaeebgks lboærakt tgumgurs ê surprakhra eas plçaks luobebau ha eaurs dârâogkbas = bes tgonlbakt sur aux ê e'boprg/

vbsta% nrbslkt tgus eas gnmats hu dueta% irlpplkt eas àks ê

e'lvauèa+ T'bes k'âtlbakt pls eas peus igrts% bes gntaklbakt huogbks ea olrtyra-+ Lpræs eas egbs ha 422% qub grhgkklbakt el

hastrudtbgk has taopeas% bes sa ibrakt eas axâdutaurs nâkâvgeashas vgegktâs bopârbleas = bes rahguneærakt ha zæea hlks eaur

dlopl`ka dgktrae'bhgeîtrba% nrbslkt ea ognbebar at eas bkstru/

<" Zlssbg Hgkleb% 43 Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% subv+ 3 Ygbel + Dlrefl`+% BBB% >1T+

BF%>>3 013 2</243 b;16= Gptît% BB% </<43 4 Gptît% <% 43 BB% <6/<23 BBB+ < at <:3

ebk% ebravbd+ Dgeeut+% eee% 4% 4+ BK+ >= Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% 22/<843 <1</

>m Zlssbg Hgkleb% e/+.';3 Gptît% B% 1 9 at ><:3 Luùstbk% âerldt+% BB+ 14% < 3 Apbse+

>>3 BBB+ </<:3 BY+ B3 YQ% 93 Luùstbk% >4%13 44+=+3 <:6%9% <0/<23 <61%8%<13Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 6% <43 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Lvùsebkb% x/<9+

2% <13 <:% <93 Dgkerl ebtearls Zatbeblkb% 8" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <61%4% <>3 DgktrlBB% <6% 8:3 <2% 8>= >:% 883 <2% <01 at @luhakebuo% B% >6% 4>+






Zgur mustbibar tgutas das prgfbnbtbgks% eas olkhaoakts âpbsdg/

plux leeâùlbakt has taxtas ha e'Adrbtura+ Eas âvíquas hbssbhakts

ka hâslrolbakt pls oíoa havlkt el ogrt = hlks eas vbeeas gò bes

âtlbakt eas olëtras% bes bktarhbslbakt h'aksavaebr eas Dltfgebquashlks eas dboatbæras dfrâtbaks'+ Zlrigbs bes dgkhloklbakt eas

vbvlkts ê ogurbr ha ilbo = uk âvgqua h'Fbppgka hâiakhbt luxnguelkàrs ha sgk hbgdæsa ha dubra ea plbk has Dltfgebquas 2

+ Elpeuplrt has âvíquas hgkltbstas lvlbakt pgur prbkdbpa ha kamlolbs râpgkhra lux eattras ha eaurs dgeeæùas ha e'Âèbsa giib/

dbaeea 4+

El flbka s'liibrolbt prbkdbpleaoakt hlks tgut da qub tgudflbtlu dueta+ El prâsakda h'uk Dltfgebqua hlks uk slkdtulbra has« Tlbkts ³ âtlbt uka sgubeeura+ Hâiaksa axprassa lux Dltfgebquash'aktrar hlks uka âèbsa has hbssbhakts = ê Fbppgka% uk deard

vabeelbt lux pgrtas at lrrítlbt eas bktrus% qub k'lurlbakt puslks `rlkh rbsqua irlkdfbr ea saube '+ \ulkh uka nlsbebqua lvlbt

âtâ akeavâa ê e'akkaob% aeea ka pguvlbt ítra dgksldrâa lu kgu/valu dueta qu'lpræs uka purbibdltbgk dgopeæta+ Gk dgooakàlbtplr nrbsar eas dlebdas at tgut ea ognbebar ebtur`bqua% hgkt gk vak/

hlbt eas ogrdalux U Zubs% gk rlslbt gu e'gk nróelbt e'lutae 3 tgut

lu ogbks% gk ea rldelbt âkar`bquaoakt% ha ilàgk ê aiildar tguta

trlda has olbks ha e'giibdblkt sldrbeæà.+ Akibk% gk elvlbt lvadha e'alu sleâa ea hleelà at eas ours 0

+ \ulkt lux Dltfgebquas qub

sa rleeblbakt% gk eas lssbobelbt lux plçaks% oíoa eas raeb/

`bausas% eas deards gu eas âvíquas% qub âtlbakt lstrabkts ê el

pâkbtakda% ê uk kguvalu nlptíoa% ê uka kguvaeea dgksâdrl/tbgk 6

+ D'ast surtgut lu taops ha Muebak qua trbgopfl ea ilkl/

tbsoa âpbsdgple hu Hgkltbsoa+ Has âvíquas kuobhas% subvbs hanlkhas h'âkarùoækas% sa obrakt ak dlopl`ka pgur raprakhraeas âèbsas at rloakar eas pgpueltbgks lu vrlb dfrbstblkbsoa+ Bes

plrdgururakt lbksb uka `rlkha plrtba ha el Kuobhba at ha el

Olurâtlkba% tarrgrbslkt eas vbeeas at eas dlopl`kas% hgkklkte'lsslut lux nlsbebquas at purbiblkt eas rubkas% ngusduelkt eas

ibhæeas% olssldrlkt has deards% axgrdbslkt eas Dltfgebquas%fuobeblkta pelbsbr eas âvíquas% eas prítras guças hbldras qub

vaklbakt ê aux ha `râ gu ha igrda+ Bes pgussærakt el pbâtâ hgkl/

<" Gptît% YB% 0+ 1" Gptît% YB+ >+

>" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebeearls Zaebeblkë% 9" elbh+% YB+ B+

Be% e 0" Bnbh+% Be% >< = YB% 9+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk%

Bnbh+% B% < 3 Apbst+ 4+rm% < 3 84% < 3 60% Apbst+ <:6% =3+ e '%+

9 ae o = <:0% B+ 6" Gptît% BB% <2/>93 YB% 83 Luùstbk%

8" Tarkbg 89% <4% 4<+ ‘ Di+ AptNt <:6% e;5; ukbr³ flpebsog% BB% <2 3 Dgeelb+ Dlr/

1%<8+ 5 5 +% B% <20/<26 = >:</>:4+










oakt ha vba hlks das pgeâobquas+ Zakhlkt uk sbædea% eas hauxplrtbs gkt pgursubvb eaurs dgktrgvarsas sur eas grb`bkas hu

sdfbsoa+ Eas Hgkltbstas prâtakhlbaktâtlnebr plr e'fbstgbra

quaeas lutaurs raspgkslneas ha el ruptura% hgkd eas vrlbs sdfbsol/tbquas% âtlbakt eas sgb/hbslkt Dltfgebquas+ Bes oattlbakt ak dlusakgk saueaoakt eas âvgquas ha Dlrtflà% Oaksurbus at Dladb/eblkus% lvad eaurs plrtbslks% olbs akdgra tgus eas plpas hudgooakdaoakt hu bvº sbædea% Olrdaeebkus at Olrdaeeus% Oae/dfblha% Tbevastar <

+ Bes axpebqulbakt ê eaur ilàgk ea røea hasdgkdbeas ha ^goa at h'Lreas% gu e'bktarvaktbgk ha Dgkstlktbk/+Qk lutra lrùoakt ha ilbt% qub eaur taklbt igrt ê dŔur% d'âtlbt

el sârba has parsâdutbgks hgkt bes lvlbakt âtâ vbdtboas+ Bes

raprgdflbakt loæraoakt lux Dltfgebquas eaurs hâolrdfaslupræs has aoparaurs% eaur dgopebdbtâ lvad eas ngurralux has« Tlbkts ³'+ Bes ogktrlbakt qua e'fbstgbra ha eaur Âèbsa lvlbt

âtâ uk egk` olrtyrgegà% ê pabka bktarrgopu plr quaequastrívas+ L el ebsta trlhbtbgkkaeea has sbkbstras fârgs has parsâ/

dutbgks plçakkas% bes lmgutlbakt eas kgos ha eaurs prgpras par/

sâdutaurs-+ Bes ratgurklbakt dgktra eas Dltfgebquas el tfæsa ha

Eldtlkda sur el vakàlkda hbvbka qub lvlbt tgumgurs irlppâ easakkaobs ha Hbau+ Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka s'âdrblbt = « Be lpârb% Oldlrbus 3 be l pârb% Qrsldbus3 at tgus vgs dgotas gktâ`leaoakt pârb plr el vakàlkda ha Hbau+ Qrsldbus% vlbkduhlks uk dgonlt dgktra eas nlrnlras% l âtâ obs ak pbædas plreas sarras has gbsalux ha prgba at plr el hakt lvbha hasdfbaks ³

1+

Ak 8< < % hlks uka eattra ê Olrdaeebkus% eas âvíquas hgkltbstas

râsuolbakt lbksb eaurs `rbais dgktra eas parsâdutaurs = « Kgusraprgdfgks ê kgs lhvarslbras eas parsâdutbgks at eas fgrrbneas

drulutâs hgkt aux at eaurs lkdítras gkt slks tríva% pakhlkt dakt

lks at hlvlktlà% irlppâ at tguroaktâ kgus at kgs pæras+++

Elbssgks ha døtâ ea plssâ% tgut ea slk` dfrâtbak varsâ plr Eagk/tbus% Qrsldbus% Oldlrbus% Zlueus% Xlurbkus% Fgolkus% at tgus

eas lutras làkts qua kgs lhvarslbras gkt ilbt akvgyar plr eas

U% Gptît% <% <4 de subv+3 Luùstbk% ' g b efl`+% BBB% >163 Gptît% B% >>3 BBB% , at 8/

Brl Apbstutlo Zlroakblkb% B% 8% 9 be <:3 BY% <3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelosubv+ 3 Dgktrl eb ebarls Zatbeblkb% BB% '••>% Zlroakblkb% B% 6/<<% <4<03 Dgktrl ebt/

>:>3 <<<%>1% >23 Ha ukbag nlptbsog% <9% tarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>%>:>3 BBB% >1/>2+

>0/4:3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8 at b" Luùstbk% Dgkerl ebeearls Zatbeblkb%

subv+ BB+ 2>% >:>+ ‘ Di+ Ebnar àkalegùs%

>" Gptît% <%>4/>0= Luùstbk% Apbst+b]% B % 9>0 Sâhbtbgk Ogtkosdk% Dfrgkbdl ob/>% c ae subv+3 Dgkerl Apbseuelo Zlroa/ lurl% B+ p+ <29"+

kblkb% B% 1% <:3 9% << 3 6% <43 Nravbd+ 1 Luùstbk% Dgkerl ebetarls Zatbeblkb%

Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >83 <0% 4< = <2% 40+ Be% 2>% >:>+

4" e'lssbg Hgkleb% </13 Dgeeît+ Dlr/



DL^LDXÆÂT AX ^GEA TGDBLE <00

prbkdas hu ogkha pgur ea oaurtra has « Tlbkts ³3 legrs qu'gktulbt ak iguea kgs vâkârlneas âvæquas% qu'gk axbelbt at raeâùlbteas lutras% qu'gk trlqulbt plrtgut eas dfrâtbaks% qu'gk hâsfgkg/rlbt eas vbaràs slbktas% qu'gk prgsdrbvlbt eas rbdfas% qu'gkhâpgubeelbt eas pluvras% qu'gk kgus akeavlbt kgs nlsbebquas%

qu'gk râhubslbt kgs âvgquas ê iubr+ Elbssgks tgut dael 3 olbstgus eas drboas dgoobs ha kgtra taops% parsgkka ka eas b`kgra+Gk l dgkhlokâ kgs âvgquas ê e'axbe 3 gk l dgktrlbkt has dfrâ/tbaks iu`btbis ê sa prâdbpbtar hu flut has rgdfars% gk l gpprboâeas paupeas% gk l hâpgubeeâ eas deards% gk l akvlfb eas nlsb/

ebquas% gk l oletrlbtâ daux qub raiuslbakt ha sa dgkvartbr+ Akibk%hlks el sauea vbeea ha Nl`lç% ê dlusa ha kgs lhvarslbras% l dgueâea slk` ha kgonraux dfrâtbaks ³'+ Tb e'gk gnmadtlbt lux âvgquashgkltbstas eas vbgeakdas ha eaurs plrtbslks% bes râpgkhlbakt qu'bes

k'âtlbakt pls raspgkslneas has oâilbts has Dbrdgkdaeebgks >+ Tlks

hguta% be y lvlbt quaequa axl`ârltbgk hlks eas lddusltbgks râdb/

prgquas has haux plrtbs+ Luùstbk k'âtlbt pls egbk h'ak dgkva/kbr 3 be âdrbvlbt uk mgur ê uk âvíqua hbssbhakt = « Adlrtgks das

vlbks raprgdfas qua eas b`kgrlkts ha kgs haux plrtbs sa elkdaktoutuaeeaoakt ê el títa+ Ka o'gnmadta pls eas taops ha Oldlrbus%at ma ka t'gnmadtarlb pls el drulutâ has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ Tb tu

k'as pls raspgkslnea ha dadb% ogb% ma ka subs pls raspgkslneaha dael ³ 4

+

Hlks eaurs dgktrgvarsas% eas Hgkltbstas prgdâhlbakt `âkârl/eaoakt plr liibroltbgks trlkdflktas% ak àks sórs ha takbr el

vârbtâ% bopltbakts has dgktrlhbdtbgks% tgumgurs surprbs at bkhb/

`kâs qu'be sa trguvît akdgra has oâdrâlkts lssaz sgurhs pgurka pls s'bkdebkar lussbtøt havlkt eas grldeas ha e'Âèbsa has

g Tlbkts ³+ Zgur mustbibar eaurs lpfgrbsoas% eaurs tfâgrbas gueaurs oleâhbdtbgks% bes ldduouelbakt eas dbtltbgks nbnebquas '+ Bes

leeâùlbakt slks dassa eas ilbts fbstgrbquas% radgooakàlbaktslks sa elssar ea râdbt has grb`bkas ha eaur sdfbsoa gu has iârg/

dbtâs ha eaurs ngurralux 1+ Bes dbtlbakt vgegktbars eas hgduoakts

h'lrdfbvas% luxquaes gk ak gppgslbt h'lutras = eas haux plrtbs

s'ldduslbakt outuaeeaoakt ha prghubra ha ilussas pbædas 9+ Lu

hânut% ê el ibk% lu obebau ha eaurs hâogkstrltbgks% eas Hgkl/

<" Dueelt+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% >16+ subv+ 3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%U% <<% <> at

>" Luùstbk% Apbs t+ <:6% 9% <63 <61% 8% subv+3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >16+

<93 Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 1" Gptît% B% >>3 <<<%< at 8/<:3 BY% <3

<<% <03 Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% <% >8% YBB% 93 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlr/>9+ oakblkb% <% 8/<<% 0/<<+

4" Aibbst+ >4% 9+ 9" Gptît% <%>>3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84%

8" Gptît% BY% < at 9/23 Y% 2/<: 3 Luùs/ 2% >03 88% >% 83 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% <0%

ebk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% BB% 9% <> at 4</44+

BY <>





DL^LDXÆÂT AX BtØEA TGDBLE <02

drgbra qua eaurs kgneas prgiassbgks ha igb âtlbakt has lrùoaktsha dbrdgkstlkda+ Gk k'ak paut ùæra hgutar h'lpræs eaur taopâ/rloakt ha ilkltbquas% at% lussb% h'lpræs eaurs ldtas+ Nbak sgu/vakt% tlkhbs qu'gk âtlbt daksâ eas trlquar% d'âtlbakt aux qub% akolbkta egdlebtâ% parsâdutlbakt eaurs lhvarslbras U Akibk% da sgktprasqua tgumgurs eas Hgkltbstas qub% plr eaurs vbgeakdas% gktigrdâ eas aoparaurs ê bktarvakbr 3 at eas aoparaurs ka s'y hâdb/hlbakt qu'lpræs nbak has tar`bvarsltbgks% qulkh bes vgylbakt saouetbpebar eas drboas ha hrgbt dgoouk >

+

E'lppae ê el igrda nrutlea% lu ilkltbsoa pgpuelbra% vgbeêakdgra% prâdbsâoakt% e'uk has trlbts eas peus lddusâs hlks e'fbs/

tgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ \ugbqua e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua eas lbt plr/igbs hâslvguâs% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks âtlbakt sas âdelbraurs% sasluxbeblbras h'lvlkt/`lrha% e'bkstruoakt tgumgurs prít ha slflbka at ha sas vakàlkdas+ Zârbghbquaoakt% pakhlkt peus h'uksbædea% ê tgus eas ogoakts drbtbquas ha e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa%gk vgbt aktrar ak sdæka eas nlkhas ilrgudfas has dgkhgttbarbhu Hgkltbsoa+ Eas praobæras plrlbssakt s'ítra igroâas hæs 4<0%lu eakhaolbk ha e'âhbt ha Dgkstlktbk qub grhgkklbt h'akeavarlux hbssbhakts eaurs nlsbebquas 4

+ Yars 48:% ak Kuobhba% eas Dbr/dgkdaeebgks ha Ilsbr at h'Lxbhg ebvrakt nltlbeea lux trgupas hudgota Xlurbkus 3 ak 480% daux has akvbrgks ha Nl`lç râpgkhaktê e'lppae ha eaur âvíqua% at dfardfakt ê hâiakhra datta vbeea

dgktra e'lroâa hu dgota Tbevastar<

3 ak 49>% h'lutras nlkhassubvakt has âvgquas sdfbsoltbquas hlks eaur olrdfa âpbqua atsbkbstra ê trlvars el Kuobhba at el Olurâtlkba 1

+ Zeus tlrh% eas

Dbrdgkdaeebgks sa ouetbpebakt lutgur has `rlkhs/dfais Ibrous at@behgk% râvgetâs dgktra Fgoa 3 bes lddeloakt at plrtgut asdgrtakte'âvíqua Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb% ak qub bes sa radgkklbssakt% atqub trguva ak aux sas peus ibhæeas sltaeebtas k

+ Zakhlkt eas traktalks qua hurl el dlopl`ka h'Luùstbk dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% be

ka sa plssa ùæra h'lkkâa gò kgus k'aktakhbgks plrear haquaequas kguvalux axpegbts has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ Hurlkt dattapârbgha% gk eas rakdgktrlbt uk pau plrtgut% lu ogbks hlks ea

plys kuobha3 olbs bes plrlbssakt lvgbr âtâ plrtbduebæraoaktkgonraux lu Kgrh ha e'Luræs at hlks el râ`bgk h'bebppgka+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <423 <60/<623 ooblkb% B% +<<% <6+ ‘ DB.+ Gpelt% B% >93<203 >:<3 Luùstbk% ebravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% e'lssbg Hgkltb% 9/<4+BB% >43 Apbse+ 66% < at 63 <:6% 1% <83 8" Gptît% BBB% 8+BBB% < 3 <44% < 3 <48% >3 <42% </>+ 1" enbh++ Be% <6/<2+

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd+% dlk+ 9" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 6% >8= 60% <:324 at <:03 Gptlb% B% >9= <<<% < at 83 Lu/ Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:% <93[ustbk% Apbse+ 66% 0 3 <61% 0% >9/>63 Dgk/ be% <0 3 Dgktrl Bteearus Zaebeblkb% B% >8%Brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 80+ >9 = BB% >4% bb4 3 42% 283 64% <683 <:4% >40+

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlr/




Da sgkt klturaeeaoakt daux has akvbrgks dXFbppgka qua kgusdgkklbssgks ea obaux+ Luùstbk eas oat ak sdæka hlks uka iguea

ha sas guvrlàs% trlbtâs% eattras% sarogks = be hâdrbt eaur lspadtilrgudfa% eaur nrutlebtâ% eaurs lroas% eaurs gr`bas at eaurs olr/tyras vgegktlbras% eaurs lttaktlts ha tgut àkra% sguvakt subvbsh'ldtbgks muhbdblbras '

+ Ak 421% præs h'Fbppgka% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgksslddlàkt uka nlsbebqua >

3 ha 429 ê 8::% bes rahguneakt h'luhlda%at takhakt oíoa has aonusdlhas ê Luùstbk 4

3 ak 8:4 at 8:8%bes oletrlbtakt has âvíquas at has deards dltfgebquas 8

3 lpræse'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1% eaur luhlda ka dgkklët peus ha ngrkas 1

3

vars 8:2% bes igkt lvad e'âvíqua Oldrgnbus uka trbgopfleaaktrâa ê Fbppgka i

'

3 ê el ibk ha 8<<% bes dgooattakt ha kguvaluxlttaktlts dgktra has prítras% da qub loæka ha kgonrausaslrrastltbgks at uk egk` prgdæs havlkt ea prgdgksue 0

3 vars 8>:%at musqua sgus el hgobkltbgk vlkhlea% has nlkhas tbakkaktakdgra el dlopl`ka 6

+ L ak muàr plr da qub sa plsslbt lutgurh'Fbppgka% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks gkt âtâ e'uka has igrdas sgdbleas hae'Lirbqua eltbka lu bv a at lu v a sbædea = uka igrda ha hastrudtbgk

at h'lklrdfba+Ea kgo qua eaur hgkklbakt eas Dltfgebquas at oíoa eas egbs

bopârbleas% Dbrduodaeebgkas% gu Dbrdaeebgkas% k'âtlbt qu'uksgnrbquat = gk eas lppaelbt lbksb% plrda qua das lvakturbarskgolhas% slks iau kb ebau% vbvlkt ha olrluha% lbolbakt ê røharlutgur has iaroas at has daeebars &dbrduo da els" U Bes s'lppaelbaktaux/oíoas eas « L`gkbstbquas ³ &L`g tbstbdb"% gu eas « sgehlts huDfrbst ³ {obebtas Dfrbstb"℮+ Bes lvlbakt el prâtaktbgk ha hâiakhrael vârbtlnea Âèbsa% daeea hu Dfrbst at ha Hgklt% dgktra ea Hblnea%

d'ast/ê/hbra dgktra eas Dltfgebquas.+ Eaurs nlkhas sa radrutlbaktlu flslrh% hlks el eba ha el pgpueltbgk% plrob eas oâdgktakts

<" e'sleous dgktrl plreakt Hgkltb%683 <40/<8>= <86/<14 = Dgktrl ApbstueloYlroakblkb% B% <<+ <0/<63 Dgktrl ebeta/

rls Zaebeblkb% B+ >8% >93 BB% 91%<893 68%

<693 66% <213 29% [>>= Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+<4>% =3 ae 93 Apbsb >4% 9/03 >2% <>3 41%/ <4% s% >83 66% <3 <:6% 1% <83 <44% <3

<48% >3 <61% 8% <1+> Apbse+ >2% <>+

4 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <:/<43Luùstbk% Apbst+ 41% > ab 83 84% 6% >8

3

Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 18% >9 = <4>% 93 Dgk/Brl Apbseuelo Zlro b% O % <0 ae

subv+= BB+ 4% 9/0 = BBB 4% <63 Dgktrl feea/rls b kb% e% >8% >93 BB% B b% 443 91%<893 29% M>>+

b" Luùstbk% Apbît+ 66% 9 0 3 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% 8>% <93 84% <03 81% 823

89% 1:3 86% 14= @asel duo Aoarbeg% 23

Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% >>% >13 Zgssb/

hbus% Ybel Luùsebkb% <8+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% < at 9/6= 20% 83<:1% >% 4/83 <:6% 1% <8= <:6% 9% <63 <<<%

< = Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 80% 1<+

9" Apbst+ <:T% 1% <8+

0" Tarog 412% 63 @astl duo Aoarbeg%>= Apbse+ <44% <3 <48% >3 <42% </>3 <61%

0% 4:+

6" @astl duo Aoarbtg% <>3 Dgktrl@luhaktbuo% B% >>% >13 Ybdtgr ha Ybtl%

eee+ o+2_ Luùstbk% Ckbtrr+ bk Zsleo+ E4>% 43

Dgkerl @luhaktbuo% B% >6% 4>+

<:" Gptît% eee% 83 Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk

Zsleo+ <4>% 5;= Apbst+ <:6% 9% <6+

<<" Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>%9







DL^LDXAÂT AX ^GEA TGDBLE <64

ebgks âtlbakt sb kgonraux at sb pubsslkts hlks dartlbkas râ`bgks%

qu'bes gsærakt ê peusbaurs raprbsas takbr tæta lux trgupas râù/ebæras <

+

Olbs gk hgbt sa `lrhar ha vgbr saueaoakt% hlks das râvgetasat das hâsgrhras pârbghbquas% uka taktltbva ha râvgeutbgk sgdblea+

Ea ilkltbsoa y taklbt lutlkt ha pelda qua eas rlkdukas ha el

obsæra% at d'ast tgumgurs el ùarra raeb`bausa qub l hgkkâ ea

sb`kle has ravakhbdltbgks âdgkgobquas+ Eas Dbrdgkdaeebgksâtlbakt tgus has Hgkltbstas axletâs+ Bes s'lppaelbakt eas « sgehltshu Dfrbst ³% e'lroâa has l Tlbkts ³3 eaurs dfais âtlbakt eas

« dfais has Tlbkts ³ &Tlkdtgruo hudas"- + Eaur drb ha ùarra âtlbt

el havbsa hgkltbsta = « Egulkàs ê Hbau , ³ 43 at eaur Ha5; eluhas%

hbt Luùstbk% âtlbt peus rahgutâ qua ea ru`bssaoakt hu ebgk U Bes

aktrlëklbakt lvad aux has `rgupas ha vbaràs sldrâas% ha raeb/

`bausas &vbr`bkas sldrla% slkdtbogkbleas". + Aux/oíoas% pgur el

peuplrt% lvlbakt ilbt vŔu ha dflstatâ = d'âtlbakt has « dgktb/

kakts ³ &dgktbkaktas" % gk eas dgoplrlbt lux ogbkas dltfgebquas 9+

Bes prâtakhlbakt igroar% hlks el `rlkha Âèbsa ha Hgklt% uka

âebta ha prbvbeâ`bâs% ha « Tlbkts ³ ê el hauxbæoa pubsslkda+Bes lspbrlbakt tgus lu olrtyra+ Zgur lrrbvar peus vbta at peus

sóraoakt ê eaurs ibks% bes lvlbakt bol`bkâ ea olrtyra vgegk/tlbra 0

+ Olbs% plr sdrupuea ha dgksdbakda% hlks el drlbkta ha saiaroar eas pgrtas hu Zlrlhbs% bes ka vguelbakt pls sa irlpparaux/oíoas = bes dfardflbakt hgkd has lsslssbks ha ngkkavgegktâ 6

+ Bes ak trguvlbakt plrigbs% sgbt plrob eas plçaks hgktbes leelbakt rakvarsar eas bhgeas 2

% sgbt plrob eas Dltfgebquasqu'bes prgvgqulbakt <:

% sgbt plrob eas plsslkts bkgiiaksbis qu'bes

sgoolbakt% sgus pabka ha ogrt% ha eas tuar.+ Olbs eas lspbrlkts/olrtyrs ha saks prltbqua muàlbakt peus sbopea ha râèar aux/

<" Gptît% BBB% 83 Luùstbk% DgktrlApbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <>% <2+

>" Gptlb% BBB% 8 3 Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk

Zsleo+ <4>% 9+

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:6% 1% <8 3 <:6% 9%

<6 = Dgktrl ebtearls Zaebeblkb% <<%91% <893

68%<69+

8" Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>% 9+

1" Apese+ 41% > 3 Dgktrl ApbstueloZlroakblkb% BB% 4% 93 2% <23 Dgktrl ebt/

earls Zatbeblkb% BB% 66% <21 = Dgktrl @lu/haktbuo% e% 4<% 403 49% 89+

9" Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>% 4 at @+ ‘ Di+

Ygk Klefusbus% ]ur Dflrlcearbstbc harDbrduodaeebgkak has BYak ukh Yak Blfr/fukharts bk Lp/bcl% <2:<" = Yøetar% HarQrspruk` has Ogkdftfuos% Xbenbkàk%

<2::% p+ 8<+

0" Gptît% BBB% 8 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66%6=<61% >% 6 3 >:8% </> at 1 3 Lh Hgkltbstlspgst Dgeelb+% <0% >>3 Dgktrl @luhak/tbuo% B% >>% >13 >0% 4:/4< 3 >6% 4>+

6% « Tbnb pardussgras% sundupbhbtlta ile/

sb olrtyrbb% bksulo parkbdbao dgkhuda/nlkt ³ &Gptît% BBB% 8"+

2" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 4% <>3 DgktrlApbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <%<:% <9 3 Dgk/trl @luhaktbuo% <% >6% 4>+

<:} Lh+ Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeelb+% <0%>>3Apbst+ <61% 4% <>+

<<" Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbseuel dgktrl Hg/kltbstls% <2% 1:= Apbst+ <61% 4% <>= <61%

8% <1= Ha flaras++ &b'+b = Ibelstrbus% Bfaras+%

61+



< 68 e'âèbsa hgkltbsta

oíoas eaur liilbra% tgut ak raspadtlkt el eattra has prasdrbp/

tbgks hbvbkas = pgur âdflppar% hbslbakt/bes% ê eaurs parsâdutaurs%

bes sa prâdbpbtlbakt hu flut h'uk rgdfar'+ Zeus tlrh% el oghadflkàl% gu sa dgopebqul = gk prâiârl ea subdbha plr e'alu guplr ea iau% gk sa kgylbt gu e'gk sa nróelbt vbi% sguvakt ha dgo/pl`kba/+

Bk harkbar trlbt hu ilkltbsoa has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% d'ast eaurldflrkaoakt tgut plrtbduebar dgktra eas deards dltfgebquas% sur/

tgut dgktra eas lkdbaks deards hgkltbstas rleebâs ê e'Âèbsa = gkhrasslbt has aonusdlhas dgktra das akkaobs ha dfgbx% gk eas

ùattlbt sur eas rgutas% gk eas surpraklbt el kubt hlks eaur kblb/sgk% gk eas rgulbt ha dgups% gk eaur bkiebàlbt has fuobebltbgksha tgut àkra% gk eas outbelbt% gk eas tulbt 4

+ El prgpgrtbgkaxtrlgrhbklbra ha das lttaktlts dgktra ea dear`â dltfgebqua gudgktra eas dgkvartbs suiibrlbt ê prguvar qua eas Dbrdgkdaeebgksâtlbakt% lvlkt tgut% eas bkstruoakts ha el flbka hgkltbsta+

Da k'ast pls ê hbra qua e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt lbt tgumgurs âtâ dgo/pebda has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% kb oíoa qu'aeea lbt tgumgurs lpprguvâeaurs dgups ha olbks+ Ak peusbaurs dbrdgkstlkdas% aeea sa muàldgoprgobsa gk sâvbt oakldâa ê sgk tgur plr sas hlkàraux leebâs+

Yars 48:% has âvíquas hbssbhakts bopegrærakt e'lppub hu dgotaXlurbkus dgktra eas nlkhas qub hâvlstlbakt ea plys-3 vars 8<:%h'lutras âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas guvrbrakt has sgusdrbptbgkspgur bkhaokbsar eas prgprbâtlbras hâpgubeeâs plr eas « sgehltshu Dfrbst ³

1+ D'ast e'fbstgbra ha tgus eas pgebtbquas qub hâdflëkakt

bopruhaooakt eas igrdas nrutas% at qub% nbaktøt% s'aiirlbakt haka peus râussbr ê eas olëtrbsar+ Xgut da qua prguvakt das oâsl/vakturas has dfais hu Hgkltbsoa% d'ast qu'bes ka pguvlbakt plstgumgurs lrrítar ê taops eas nlkhas elkdâas plr aux ê e'lsslut

ha e'Âèbsa rbvlea+ H'lutras ilbts% at e'lpprâdbltbgk parsgkkaeeaha tâogbks dgooa Gptît ha Obeav at Luùstbk% paroattakt hahâtarobkar lssaz axldtaoakt eas rlppgrts ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsol/tbqua lvad eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks+be sarlbt bkmusta ha rakhra tgus eas

Hgkltbstas raspgkslneas has oâilbts at has nrb`lkhlàs ha eaurlvlkt/`lrha3 olbs be sarlbt klçi% at dgktrlbra ê el vârbtâ fbstg/

< Gptît% BBB+ b = Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 6% bbuo% B% >>% >1 3 >0% 4: 3 >'+"% 44 3 40% 80 3

><= Dgktrl Apbstueóo Zlroakblkb% BBB% Ha fataras+% 92+

B Qrl ebttarls Zaebeblkb% B% ><% 4" Apbse 66% 93 <:1% >% 83 <44% < 3 <48%

>93 BB% /5;% 893 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >3 <61% 8% <6= Tarog- 412% T3 Dgk rl| = Dgktrl @luhakebuo% B% >6% 4>3 Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ 8>% 853

3 8+r

e% <2= 89% 1:349% 89+ 86% +'<4

3 @astl duo Aoarbtg%23 Zgssbhbus%

>" Luùstbk% Apbst% <61%4% U¼ = <61%8% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <4/<8+

e + >:8% > + Lbe Dlefgebdgs Apbseueldgk/ 8" Gptît% BBB+ b

Brl Qgklebseus% <2% 1:3 Dgk rl @luhak/ 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <:6% 9% <6+



DL^LDXÆÂT AX ^ØEA TGDÇLE <61

rbqua% ha kbar el plrtbdbpltbgk hbradta ha kgonraux deards hgkl/

tbstas% at ha dartlbks âvíquas% ê el Mldquarba lirbdlbka+E'Âèbsa ha Hgklt k'âtlbt dgopgsâa axdeusbvaoakt kb ha

slbkts% kb ha dgqubks% kb h'âkarùoækas+ Dgooa tguta Âèbsaat tgut `rgupa h'fgooas% aeea dgopraklbt uka olmgrbtâ h'fgk/kítas àks plbsbneas% qua oaklbt grhbklbraoakt uka obkgrbtâha vbgeakts+ << y lvlbt uk plrtb has oghârâs% at uk plrtb hasbktrlksbàlkts+

Lu tâogb`klà h'Luùstbk% eas axletâs âtlbakt raeltbvaoaktpau kgonraux% olbs hgobklbakt eas lutras plr e'bktbobhltbgk <

+

Ak naludgup h'akhrgbts% lpræs el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% ea

ratgur ê e'Aèbsa sa ibt slks vbgeakdas kb subdbhas >+ El peuplrt

has hbssbhakts âtlbakt has àks pldbibquas% lssaz dgkdbeblkts at

sbkdæras% dgooa das Hgkltbstas ha Xfunursbduo Kuobhlruo%lvad qub Luùstbk aut has dgkiârakdas vars 4:0% at hgkt be ilbt

e'âegà 4+ Daux/eê dgkhloklbakt irlkdfaoakt eas lttaktlts has

Dbrdgkdaeebgks gu eas ilktlbsbas tyrlkkbquas h'Gptltus ha çfl/ou`lhb-+ Naludgup h'aktra aux sguflbtlbakt qua eas âvíquas

has haux plrtbs pussakt s'aktakhra pgur oattra ibk lu sdfbsoa+Luùstbk s'lhrasslbt ê aux vars el ibk ha 8<< = « Kgus slvgks%âdrbvlbt/be% kgus slvgks dgonbak h'aktra vgus% tgus paut/ítragu prasqua tgus% gkt dgutuoa ha râpâtar = Gf , sb eas âvíquaspguvlbakt sa râukbr hlks uka lssaoneâa dgoouka, Tb uk mgurbes dgkiârlbakt aksaonea% at sb% hlks eaurs hbsdussbgks% el vârbtâ

lpplrlbsslbt. , ³ Naludgup% plrob das oghârâs% lurlbakt vgueusa dgkvartbr3 olbs bes k'gslbakt pls% plr drlbkta ha el vakàlkdahas sadtlbras 9

+

Ha oíoa% plrob eas âvíquas hu plrtb% be sa trguvlbt has àksrlbsgkklneas% lssaz dgkdbeblkts% hbspgsâs ê dfardfar uk tarrlbk

h'aktakta% gu% hu ogbks% uk oghus vbvakhb lvad e'lutra Aèbsa+

Xae âtlbt Zlroakblkus% ea prbolt ha Dlrtflà% uk fgooa h'ukaoghârltbgk raeltbva% ê qub sgk lhvarslbra Gptît ha Obeav rak/hlbt mustbda 0

+ Xaes âtlbakt akdgra peusbaurs has dgrraspgkhlktsh'Luùstbk = kgtlooakt% dat Fgkgrltus qub% vars 426% eub prg/pgsl uka hbsdussbgk plr eattras

6+ Oldrgnbus h'Fbppgka% qub

pgurtlkt havlbt naludgup ê e'lppub has Dbrdgkdaeebgks% ibkbt plrs'bkhb`kar dgktra eaurs oâilbts% at gsl ea eaur hbra ak ilda = be

ast vrlb qua das Dbrdgkdaeebgks k'aktakhlbakt pls ea eltbk2

+ Tub/

<" Apbît+ <61% 4% <83 <61% 0% 4:+ 9" Apbsi+ 10% >3 24% <% 43 <61% 4% <4+

>" Bnbh+% <61% 4% eb+ 0" Gptît% <% 8+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Dgktrl4" Apbst+ 84% < 3 8<% < at subv+ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BB% 0% <4+

8" Dgktrl ebttarls Zaebebbkb% B% >8%>9= 6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 82% <+

Apblb+ <61% 8% <93 Ha% flaras+% 92+ 2" £ ;« +' <:6% 1% <8+

1" Lh Hgklebstls pgst Dgeeît+% 41% 16+



<69 E A@EBTA HGKLXBTXA

vlut Luùstbk% eas âvgquas hbssbhakts âtlbakt takus ê uka dar/

tlbka râsarva% plrda qu'bes râsbhlbakt hlks eas vbeeas% gò bes

âtlbakt% pgur lbksb hbra% eas « gtlàs ³ has Dltfgebquas'+ Olbse'axpebdltbgk ka vlut pls pgur el peuplrt has dbtâs kuobhas% gòeas sdfbsoltbquas âtlbakt bkdgktastlneaoakt eas olëtras-+ Be ast

peus klturae ha suppgsar qua el peuplrt has âvgquas hbssbhaktsrastlbakt âtrlkàrs lux aktraprbsas has ilkltbquas hlks e'bktârít

oíoa ha eaur plrtb% at plr sgudb ha eaur prgpra raspgkslnbebtâ+Olbs uk bktrlksbàlkt ilbt peus ha nrubt% at oíoa peus ha

nasg`ka% qua dakt oghârâs+ At e'gk s'ak lpardavlbt ak Lirbqua%

gò+ h'lbeeaurs% eas bktrlksbàlkts âtlbakt kgonraux+ Be y aklvlbt plrob eas Dltfgebquas% qub sguvakt râpgkhlbakt plr el

vbgeakda lux vbgeakdas has Dbrdgkdaeebgks 4+ Nbak has dgkvartbs

k'lvlbakt pls dflk`â ha taopârloakt ak dflkàlkt h'Âèbsa =

gk s'ak lparàut ê Iusslel% gò eas rleebâs% oâdgktakts ha eaur

âvíqua% gsærakt ea dflssar% at oakldærakt ha ea tuar% s'be

raplrlbsslbt'+ Be sa trguvlbt oíoa has asprbts bkhgdbeas qubraiuslbakt ha sa sguoattra ê el hbsdbpebka h'luduk has hauxplrtbs = Luùstbk dgkta e'fbstgbra h'uk lkdbak sdfbsoltbqua+ qublvlbt âtâ axdgooukbâ plreas sbaks% atqub âtlbt ravaku ê e'Âèbsa%

olbs qub ka put suppgrtar eas prltbquas ha el pâkbtakda at iut

dgk`âhbâ plr eas Dltfgebquas 1+ Klturaeeaoakt% eas bktrlksb/

àlkts âtlbakt plrtbduebæraoakt kgonraux hlks e'Aèbsa haHgklt% pubsqua e'bktrlksbàlkda âtlbt ea prbkdbpa oíoa ha el

sadta+ Bes lrrítlbakt plr tgus eas ogyaks el prgpl`lkha at el

prâhbdltbgk has Dltfgebquas.3 bes s'gppgslbakt ê el dgkvarsbgkëeas lutras sdfbsoltbquas% at dfîtblbakt eas dgkvartbs +

E'axaopea ha e'bktgeârlkda lvlbt âtâhgkkâ plr Hgkle ea @rlkh%qub pgurtlkt ka saonea pls lvgbr mlolbs ilbt lppae lux Dbr/

dgkdaeebgks U H'lutras âvíquas aurakt ogbks ha sdrupueas =

Hgklt ha eël`lç% ak 480 23 has âvíquas kuobhas% ak 49>.'3 Gptl/

<" Dgktrl ebetarls Zaeb blkb% BB% 64%

<68 3+<' Dlefgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl

Hgkltbsels% >:% 11+

>" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl` % B% <91 + Gptît% BBB%

8= Luùstbk% Apbît+ <>3"% k = >:2% >=

Aklrr+ Be bk Zsleo+ ><% >9 = Tarog BB bk

Z leo+ 49% <2+

4" Lu³usebk% Apbst+ 66% 23 Dgeelb+ Dlr/tfl`+% B% 22/<843 <10/><:+ ‘ L el Dgkidrakda ha Dlrtflà% e'âvíqua dltfgebquah'Lngrl% ak Zrgdgksuelbra% hâdelra nrutl/eaoake qua% hlkssl vbeea% gk ka Egeæra plsel prâsauda ha Hgkltbseas = « Kgoal sb beebd

luhbtuo iuarbt Hgklebstlruo% elpbhleur ³

{Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <44"+

8" Luùstbk% Æpbst+ >:2% 1 at <:+

1" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <<+

9" Zgssbhbus% Ybel Luùstbkb% <4/<83Lu ustbk% Apbst+ 66% 93 <:1% >% 43 <61%8% <63 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <1% 82=89% 1: 3 86% 14+

0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% &b/6 3 '+<0% 8 3 <:1%>% 4 3 <:6% 1% <8 3 <<<% < = <4=,+ B 3 <61% 4%

<4 3 Dbo b rl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 80+ 1< 3 86%

s Gptît% <<<%4+

2" Bfbh+% <<<%8+

<:" Bnbh+% O% <6/<2+




tus ha Xflou`lhb% lu taops ha @behgk <+ Luùstbk plrea

h'âvíquas hbssbhakts qubdgoolkhlbakt

ak parsgkka hastrgupasha Dbrdgkdaeebgks >

+ Olbs da iurakt eê has axdaptbgks+ Grhbklbra/oakt% eas âvgquas hgkltbstas sa taklbakt ê e'âdlrt 3 da qub kaeas aopídflbt pls ha oâklàrbas « sgehlts hu Dfrbst ³% tgut aklylkt e'lbr ha eas hâslvguar 4

+ Luùstbk âdrbt% ak 8<:% ê sgkdgeeæùa at rbvle% Oldrgnbus h'Fbppgka = « Ygus prgoattaz hailbra bkhaokbsar eas prgprbâtlbras eâsâs+ At dapakhlkt% vgus kahâsbraz pls takbr dgopeætaoakt vgtra prgoassa% hlks el drlbktaha vgus trgp lebâkar eas luhldbaux nrb`lkhs hgkt e'lppub l plrukâdasslbra ê vgs prítras+ Ak aiiat% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks sa vlktakthas sarvbdas qu'bes vgus gkt rakhus prâdâhaooakt+ Bes rlppaeeaktat âkuoærakt da qu'bes gkt ilbt pgur vgus lvlkt datta egb hatgeârlkda% qub vgus dgonea ha mgba ak vgus hgkklkt el ebnartâ+

D'ast `rîda ê aux% hbsakt/bes% qua vgs prítras gkt pu dgksarvareaurs booauneas at eaurs nlsbebquas% ak hâvlstlkt eas køtras% akdflsslkt kgs prítras+ Tb vgus vguebaz vgus ogktrar sâværaspgur eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% vgus plrlëtrbaz nbak gunebaux ha eaurs

nbakilbts% nbak bk`rlts ³

8

+

‘ Ta sarvbr has Dbrdgkdaeebgks slkssa dgoprgoattra% at% lu nasgbk% eas hâslvguar punebquaoaktslks rgopra lvad aux = taeea saonea lvgbr âtâ el pgebtbquagrhbklbra has âvíquas hgkltbstas+

Eaurs prítras% eaurs hbldras% at surtgut eas deards bkiârbaurs%fâsbtlbakt naludgup ogbks ê mguar uk røea ldtbi hlks ea pbauxnrb`lkhlà ê el ogha+ Yars el ibk hu bvº sbædea% at lu hânuthu v a

% el peuplrt has nlkhas qub taklbakt el dlopl`ka lvlbaktpgur dfais has oaonras hu dear`â sdfbsoltbqua U Hlks tgutassas pgeâobquas% Luùstbk sb`klea at ieâtrbt datta leeblkda+ << hbt%

plr axaopea% ê sas lhvarslbras ak 8:2 = « ^lppaeaz/vgus eas

fluts ilbts ha vgs Dbrdgkdaeebgks at has deards qub gkt tgumgursâtâ eaurs dfais ³

2+ Gu akdgra = « Ygs Dbrdgkdaeebgks% beeustrâs

plr eaur iuraur% sgkt eas fgrrbneas `lrhas hu dgrps ha vgsdeards ³ U Lux yaux ha e'fbstgrbak boplrtble% rbak k'ast peusdgoprgoattlkt pgur e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt% qua datta leeblkdahurlnea h'uka plrtba ha sgk dear`â lvad eas fgrhas ilkltbquas ha

el Mldquarba lirbdlbka+

<" Luùstbk% A LsE 84% 6% >8 3 Dgktrl 8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:6% 9% <6+bbtearls Zathblkb% B% >8% >9 3 BB% >4% 14 3 1" Apbst+ <:1% >% 4 3 <:6% 1% <8 = <44%42% 283 64% <68+ <3 <48% >3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbko% BBB% 84%

>" Apbst+ 88% 8% 2 3 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 80 3 BY% 1<% 9< 3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<%<:% 1+ ‘ Di+ Gptît% <<% <6/<2+ ></>> = Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <0%

4" Gptît% <<% <6= Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:T% >>+

9% <6 3 Dgktrl Apb+stuelo Zlroakblkb% 9" Apbst+ <:1% >% 4+B% <,% <0 3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<% ><+ 0" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 80+



<66 e'âèbsa HGKLXBTXA

Zgur dartlbks slvlkts ogharkas% da sarlbt eê% mustaoakt% el

prbkdbplea grb`bklebtâ hu Hgkltbsoa% prasqua uk tbtra ha ègbra =

ea plrtb ha Hgklt lurlbt âtâ surtgut uk plrtb h'gppgsbtbgksgdblea at pgebtbqua% ê el títa h'uk oguvaoakt kltbgkle '+ ‘Datta tfæsa s'lppuba sur has ilbts bkdgktastlneas% olbs hâoa/surâoakt `rgssbs% at lrnbtrlbraoakt bktarprâtâs+

Ygbdb eas ilbts dartlbks+ Ea Hgkltbsoa ast uk sdfbsoa pura/oakt lirbdlbk% træs pgpuelbra ak Lirbqua pakhlkt peusbaurs`âkârltbgks% at irâquaooakt dgoprgobs plr sgk leeblkda lvadeas akkaobs ha e'Âtlt gu ha e'grhra sgdble+ Be l âtâ prasqua

dgkstlooakt prgsdrbt at trlquâ plr eas aoparaurs gu eaurslàkts+ Be k'l ùæra dassâ ha prgtastar dgktra e'bktarvaktbgk hae'lutgrbtâ dbvbea+ « \u'l ha dgoouk e'aoparaur lvad e'Âèbsa7 ³

s'âdrblbt Hgklt ea @rlkh 1+ At Zlroakblkus hbslbt ê sgk tgur =

« \u'gkt ha dgoouk eas dfrâtbaks lvad eas rgbs7 eas âvgquas lvadea Zlelbs 7³ 4

+ Eas Hgkltbstasgkt ilbt leeblkda lvad eas Dbrdgkdae/ebgks% akkaobs hâdelrâs ha el sgdbâtâ% igroaeeaoakt trlbtâs hal ranaeeas³ plr Luùstbk'+ Bes gkt sgutaku Ibrous at @behgk%eas `rlkhs/dfais bkhb`ækas râvgetâs dgktra ^goa U ‘ Xaes sgkteas ilbts = paroattakt/bes ha dgkdeura ê e'axbstakda h'uk vârbtlnea

oguvaoakt kltbgkle% gu oíoa h'uk plrtb h'gppgsbtbgkpgebtbqua7

Xgut h'lngrh% k'gunebgks pls qua ea plrtb ha Hgklt ast

tgumgurs ukbquaoakt% hlks sas vbsâas% el vârbtlnea Aèbsa

dfrâtbakka = uka Aèbsa qu'gk trlbta ê tgrt ha sdfbsoltbqua%at qub lspbra ê havakbr e'Aèbsa giibdbaeea

9+ D'ast saueaoakt uka

obkgrbtâ ha sas lhaptas% qub l vu hlks el ùarra uka gddlsbgk

ha sltbsilbra sas rlkdukas sgdbleas gu pgebtbquas3 mlolbs dattaprâgddupltbgk ka sa trlfbt dfaz eas hbrbàlkts hu plrtb+ Zgure'Âèbsa ha Hgklt% eas akkaobs ha e'grhra gu hu pguvgbr daktrle

k'gkt âtâ qu'uk bkstruoakt = aeea s'ast sarvba h'aux% naludguppeus qu'bes ka sa sgkt sarvbs h'aeea+

Ea Hgkltbsoa% hbt/gk% ast uk sdfbsoa axdeusbvaoakt lirbdlbk+‘ << ast rastâ tae plr el igrda has dfgsas% at dgktra sgk `râ =

<" Daeea < < usa l âtâ sgutakua surtgut plr 41% 81"+

O+ Xfeeooae% ]ur Naurtfabeuk` has Òg/ 1" Luùstbk% Apbse% 84% 6% >83 6<% <:=kltbsous% Fleea% <624+ ‘ Di+ Olrtrgya% Dgktrl Apbsbuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:%

Qka taktltbva %ed râvgeutbgk sgdblea ak <93 <<% <0= Dgktrl ebeearls Zatbeblkb%

Lirbqua+ ‘ Hgkltbstas at Dbrdgkdaeebgks3 <%>8% >93 BB% >4%14= 42% 283 64% BTb=

Zlrbs% <2:8+ <:4% >4<+

>" Gptît% BBB% 4+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrebk%% +% <<<%>>3 04/<934" Bnbh+% B% >>+ 2</24 = >163 Ldel Tlturkbkb% <9 at =;g e'+l/

8" « Lhvarsus ranaeeas Dbrduodaeebgkas at euza3 Zlssbg Hgkleb%4U Ldelpur`lebgkbsbkslkgs agruo sbva plrtbdbpas sbva prbkdb/ Iaebdbs% p+ <26 ]bwsl3 Luùstbk% Apbse+

pas . &Luùstbk% Dgktk% @luhakebuo% B% 66% >= Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 4% 43 8% 1+





<2: E A@EBTA HGKLXBTËA

rakda qua havlbt prâsbhar uk dgoobsslbra bopârble <+ Xgut dael

k'ast pls ea ilbt ha râvgeutbgkklbras+ Tlks hguta% bes gkt dgks/tlooakt% at træs âkar`bquaoakt% dgktastâ lu pguvgbr sâduebar ea

hrgbt ha sa oíear has quaraeeas h'Aèbsas >= olbs tgus eas parsâdu/

tâs ak tgut taops gkt taku ea oíoa elk`là% at oíoa naludguph'fgkkítas àks qub k'âtlbakt pls parsâdutâs+ Tb Dgkstlktbks'âtlbt prgkgkdâ ak saks dgktrlbra% ea Hgkltbsoa sarlbt havakue'Aèbsa giibdbaeea% eas Dltfgebquas lurlbakt prgtastâ = eas røeas

âtlbakt dflk`âs% vgbeê tgut+

At e'leeblkda lvad eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks7 ‘ Leeblkda tguta kltu/

raeea aktra gpprboâs at parsâdutâs+ H'lbeeaurs% be k'ast kueeaoakthâogktrâ qua ea darvalu ruhboaktlbra has Dbrdgkdaeebgks lbt auhas vbsâas pgebtbquas+ Asdelvas iu`btbis% dgegks rubkâs gu bkhb/

`ækas% das pluvras àks pgur qub el vba âtlbt hura% at qu'â`lrlbtel rlkduka% ka prâtakhlbakt slks hguta axbàr has `guvarklktsat has rbdfas qu'uk pau ha mustbda at ha pbtbâ% lvad ea plbk qug/tbhbak+ Ha oíoa% e'leeblkda has Hgkltbstas lvad Ibrous at lvad@behgk plrlët s'axpebquar sbopeaoakt plr e'aspgbr ha ilbra trbgo/pfar eaur Âèbsa+ Eas lonbtbgks ha Ibrous at ha @behgk rastakt

gnsduras = bes saoneakt lvgbr vgueu tgut ngkkaoakt sa tlbeear

uk rgyluoa ak Lirbqua% dgooa tlkt h'lutras lonbtbaux akh'lutras plrtbas ha e'Aopbra+ Ak tgut dls% e'Aèbsa sanbsoltbqua%obsa fgrs el egb% âtlbt dgkhlokâa ê ilbra dlusa dgoouka lvadtgus eas oâdgktakts +

^bak% hlks tgut dael% ka mustbiba el tfæsa ha daux qub vgbakehlks ea Hgkltbsoa uk oguvaoakt kltbgkle gu uk plrtb h'gppg/sbtbgk pgebtbqua+ Eas dfgsas sgkt peus dgopeaxas+ Hu ilbt oíoaha sl dgkhlokltbgk% ak rlbsgk ha sgk âdfad fgrs h'Lirbqua% akvartu ha sgk prbkdbpa bktrlksbàlkt% ha sgk asprbt dgksarvltaur%ha sl ibhâebtâ kâdasslbra lux trlhbtbgks egdleas% e'Âèbsa haHgklehavbkt râaeeaoakt% pgur el ogbtbâ has Lirbdlbks% uka sgrta

h'Aèbsa kltbgklea+ Tlks dassa trlquâa plr e'Atlt lu kgo hae'Âèbsa giibdbaeea% aeea prgtastl klturaeeaoakt dgktra e'bktarvak/

U" Dgeeue+ Dlrefl`+% B% <83 Luùstbk%

Mbravbd+ Dgeeue+% B% 83 Lh Hgtblebs l[pgkt Dgeelb+% >8% 8<+

>" Gptît% B% >>= BBB+ 4/83 Luùstbk%Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B% 6% <43

Dgkerl ebitarls Zaebeblkb% BB% Fë% <6132>% >:>3 Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 1<% 103Dgkerl @luhaktbuo% B% <2% >:+

ele`râ eas âdfads suddassbis ha Ibr/

ous 5=e kb' @behgu% el `rlkha Aèbsa hgkl/Ebsta tbrl uk prgibe pgsbtbi be' < sgk leeblkda

lvad rds df«it ranaeeas = aeea sa sarvbe ha

Ibrous dgktra ea sdfbsoa rg`ltbsed Ufuuk/

ebk% Apbse+ 60% <: 3 Dgkibl ApbseueloZlroakblkb% B% <:% <93 <<% <03 Dgkerlebttarls Zaebeblkb% BB% 6=s% <T8"% pubs has

@behgkbaks dgktra ea sdfbsoa olxboblkbstaSApbst+ g+'b% 4% :3 Dgkerl ebttarls e'aeb/

ebkkb%UU% s=m% <683 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BBB% 9:% 993 @astl duo Aoarbeg% 2"+

Lbksb% oøoa lk obebau has ùarras ;bU3

eas dfais hu Hgkltbsoa plrlbssakt k'lvgbr

sgk`â qu'lux bktâríts ha eaur Aèbsa+



DL^LDXÆÂT AX ^GEA TGDBLE <2<

tbgk hu pguvgbr daktrle at ha sas làkts3 aeea ibt leeblkda lvad

eas oâdgktakts at eas râvgetâs+ Zlr el igrda has dfgsas% easHgkltbstas prbrakt aux/oíoas% ê dartlbks ogoakts% uka lttb/

tuha ha ranaeeas3 at Xgk ast taktâ legrs ha vgbr hlks e'fbstgbra

ha eaur sdfbsoa uka olkbiastltbgk has takhlkdas sâplrltbstasha e'Lirbqua rgolbka% uka igroa kguvaeea ha el rbvlebtâ sâdu/elbra aktra ^goa at Dlrtflà+ Olbs da k'ast eê qu'uka lpplrakda 3

gu peutøt% da k'ast qu'uka plrtba% el ogbkhra% ha el vârbtâ fbstg/rbqua+ Ak râlebtâ% ea Hgkltbsoa ka vbslbt pls sb flut% kb sb egbk =

be ka sgkàlbt qu'ê vbvra% ê vgbr el ibk has parsâdutbgks% ê hâtrubrae'Aèbsa rbvlea% gu% hu ogbks% ê prakhra sl pelda+ Zgur trlks/igroar das « ranaeeas ³ ak egylux sumats ha e'Aopbra% pgurrgopra lussbtøt eaur leeblkda lvad eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks at lutrasrâvgetâs% be aót suiib h'uka dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% prgdelolktqua e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt raprâsaktlbt sauea ak Lirbqua e'Aèbsa ukb/varsaeea% e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua+ Olbs datta egb k'l pls âtâ prgoue/ùâa = musqu'lu ngut% ea Hgkltbsoa ast rastâ e'âtarkae prgsdrbt+

Be k'ak l pls ogbks mguâ uk røea igrt bopgrtlkt hlks e'fbs/

tgbra ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka = uk røea oleilbslkt+ Fbstgrbaks atdrbtbquas lddgrharlbakt vgegktbars lu Hgkltbsoa has dbrdgks/

%

tlkdas lttâkulktas+ Zlr ea egk` hrloa ha sas hastbkâas trl/

`bquas% be oat naludgup ha vba at ha raebai hlks e'Lirbqua huBYa at hu v a sbædea+ Be prâsakta uka rbdfa `learba ha ibùras grb/

`bkleas+ Be l prghubt uka durbausa ebttârltura sdfbsoltbqua% sad/

tlbra ê sguflbt% olbs kueeaoakt nlklea% at gò ka olkqua plsea tleakt

3 plr dgktra/dgup% be l susdbtâ ea ebvra h'Gptlt% at ukaplrtba dgksbhârlnea ha e'Ŕuvra h'Luùstbk+ Olbs% sb e'gk muà ea

Hgkltbsoa hlks sgk røea fbstgrbqua% gk ka paut oâdgkklëtraqu'be l âtâ pgur e'Lirbqua uka dlusa ha hâsgrhra% ha ilbneassa at

ha hâdlhakda+ Be l pgrtâ ea trgunea plrtgut = kgk saueaoakthlks e'Aèbsa% olbs hlks ea plys tgut aktbar% hlks eas vbeeas%

hlks eas dlopl`kas% sur eas rgutas% delks tgutas eas delssas hael sgdbâtâ% musqua delks eas ilobeeas <

+ Be l hâdflëkâ el ùarraraeb`bausa% akdgurl`â el ùarra sgdblea% lddru el obsæra+ Be ldgupâ e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka ak haux trgkàgks% qub ka plrvbak/

hrgkt mlolbs ê sa ramgbkhra tgut ê ilbt+ Be l hbobkuâ lbksb eligrda h'axplksbgk hu dfrbstblkbsoa lirbdlbk+ Ak lttbrlkt sur eub

e'aiigrt has Dltfgebquas% be l rleaktb eaur prgpl`lkha% aktrlvâea prg`ræs ha el dbvbebsltbgk hlks eas trbnus bkhb`ækas% ildbebtâ

ak nbak has râ`bgks el survbvlkda hu pl`lkbsoa at ha el nlr/

<" Qpelt% <<% <6/<2 3 <<<% 8 at <:3 Luùs/ ‘ Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% 22/<84 3 <10/ebk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% Qe%n>%e)3Apbst+ ><:+>4% 13 44% 13 <:6% 9% <0/<23 <61% 8% <1+




nlrba+ << l ebvrâ prasqua tgut ea plys ê e'lklrdfba+ D'ast ak plr/

tba ê dlusa ha das ùarras raeb`bausas at ha das hâsgrhras sâdu/

elbras% qua e'Lirbqua rgolbka s'ast trguvâa sb ilbnea ak ilda hasYlkhleas% at% paut/ítra% e'Lirbqua nyzlktbka ak ilda has Lrlnas+

Nrai% ea Hgkltbsoa l âtâ% pgur el dbvbebsltbgk at pgur ea dfrbs/

tblkbsoa egdle% uk tarrbnea làkt hastrudtaur+ Tauea% el plplutâl tbrâ prgibt hu sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% qub l ilvgrbsâ sas lonbtbgksak hbobkulkt el râsbstlkda ha el ègrbausa Aèbsa lirbdlbka% akigràlkt el @lrtflà dltfgebqua% mlhbs lkboâa h'uk sb vbi asprbt

h'bkhâpakhlkda% ê sgeebdbtar e'lppub ha Fgoa'+ Ha Dyprbak ê

Luùstbk% h'Luùstbk ê @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% gk oasura lbsâoakteas âtlpas ha el suprâoltba rgolbka ak Lirbqua+ L da radue haDlrtflà havlkt ^goa% be y aut slks hguta nbak has dlusas =

olbs e'uka ha das dlusas ast el igeba irltrbdbha hu Hgkltbsoa+

<" Dgkdbe+ Lra ue+ lkk+ 4<8% dlk+ 63 pgs par Lirbdlbk% 63 Gptît% B% >4/>83Dgkdbe+ Dlrefl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ < 3 Dg/ Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb%hax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 10/9T

3 <%1% <:3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8= <0%

Tbrbda% Apbstuel lh irltras at dgapbsdg/ 4<+



DFLZBXÂ Bt

EAT HGDQOAKXTHGKLXBTXATGQ ÂELXBITLQ HGKLXBTOA

B

Hgduoakts raeltbis lux grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa &4:4/44:"+ ‘ Dgooakt bes kgus sgktplrvakus+ ‘ Dfrgkgeg`ba+ ‘ Hbvars `rgupas+ ‘ Egbs ha Dgkstlktbk sur ea Hgkl/tbsoa+ ‘ Dgrraspgkhlkda giibdbaeea ha e'aoparaur gu ha sas raprâsaktlkts at has

`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Zbædas raeltbvas l el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak ak

Lirbqua at lux oleaktakhus kâs ha datta parsâdutbgk+ ‘ Hgssbars ha dgkdbeas+‘Zbædas raeltbvas lux lttlquas has Hgkltbstas dgktra eas âvæquas ha Dlrtflà at

eas plpas+ ‘ âquítas% lppaes at suppebquas has hbssbhakts+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnluxh'akquítas+

Ha kgonraux hgduoakts hgkltbstas% gu raeltbis ê e'fbstgbra huHgkltbsoa% sgkt lrrbvâs musqu'ê kgus ak aktbar gu plr irl`/

oakts% gu% tgut lu ogbks% kgus sgkt dgkkus plr has tâogb`klàsprâdbs+ Olbs das hgduoakts prâsaktakt uk bktârít træs bkâ`le

pgur e'fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+ Eas uks% h'grb/

`bka âtrlk`æra% surtgut daux qub âolkakt ha el dflkdaeearba

bopârblea% k'gkt pgur kgus qu'uka vleaur gnmadtbva+ Bes kgusraksab`kakt sur eas ilbts% olbs kgk sur el oaktlebtâ has Lirbdlbks

gu eaur ebttârltura = uka igbs radgkstbtuâa e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa%bes ka slurlbakt peus rbak kgus lpprakhra+ Tlks hguta% e'gk k'ak

paut ilbra dgopeætaoakt lnstrldtbgk3 dlr bes tbakkakt eaur pelda

hlks uk aksaonea% at dgktrbnuakt sguvakt ê hassbkar ea dlhra

hu râdbt gu ha e'âtuha psydfgeg`bqua+ Olbs be kgus suiibrl ha eas

oaktbgkkar nrbævaoakt% slks kgus lttlrhar ê eas lkleysar akhâtlbe+ Be ak vl tgut lutraoakt pgur eas pbædas h'grb`bka lirbdlbka+

Das hgduoakts/eê hgbvakt ítra bdb dgksbhârâs ak aux/oíoas+H'lngrh% bes raeævakt hbradtaoakt ha kgtra hgolbka+ Zubs% bes

sgkt plrtba bktâ`rlkta ha el ebttârltura egdlea = d'ast ha el ebttâ/

rltura gu ha e'fbstgbra ak ldtbgk+ Akibk% bes kgus ùbhakt sguvakthlks e'bktarprâtltbgk has Ŕuvras ebttârlbras prgpraoakt hbtas%

hgkt bes kgus lbhakt ê pâkâtrar e'îoa ak kgus bkbtblkt lux

BY <4



<28 EA HGKLXBTOA

sadrats ha el pgebtbqua hu plrtb% ak kgus râvâelkt eas bopras/sbgks h'uk punebd træs sadtlbra% ak kgus rakvgylkt e'âdfg hasprgtastltbgks at has quaraeeas hu taops+ H'gò el oâtfgha lhgp/tâa hlks datta ravua has hgduoakts raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa = ukasbopea oaktbgk pgur eas pbædas sgrtbas ha el dflkdaeearba bopâ/rblea at eas lutras taxtas h'grb`bka âtrlk`æra3 at% lu dgktrlbra%

uka âtuha obkutbausa has pbædas lirbdlbkas% ha daeeas% lu ogbks%qub pauvakt âdelbrar plr dgktra/dgup el ebttârltura hgkltbsta+

Dbrdgksdrbt ha el sgrta% ea dflop rasta træs vlsta+ Akdgraelbssargks/kgus ha døtâ% prgvbsgbraoakt% peusbaurs dltâ`grbas

ha hgduoakts qub sargkt âtuhbâas lbeeaurs = eas Ldtas has Dgk/dbeas% eas bksdrbptbgks% eas raeltbgks olrtyrgeg`bquas% slks plr/

ear ha tgutas eas Ŕuvras prgpraoakt ebttârlbras+

Hlks datta akquíta% kgus subvrgks klturaeeaoakt e'grhra dfrg/kgeg`bqua% slui ê `rgupar eas pbædas sbobelbras h'uka oíoapârbgha+ Kgus âtuhbargks tgur ê tgur = <º eas hgduoakts raeltbis

lux grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa &4:4/44:" 3 >º ea hgssbar dgkku sgus ea

kgo ha @astl pur`lebgkbs Dladbeblkbat Iaebdbs3 4º eas hgduoaktsha el pârbgha qub vl ha 44< ê 42< 3

8º eas hgduoakts hu taopsh'Luùstbk 3 1º eas pbædas muhbdblbras ha datta âpgqua3 9º eas hgdu/oakts dgktaopgrlbks ha e'gddupltbgk vlkhlea at ha el hgob/kltbgk nyzlktbka+

E'aksaonea ha tgutas eas pbædas fbstgrbquas sur ea `rlkhsdfbsoa lirbdlbk dgkstbtua ea Hgssbar hu Hgkltbsoa% lu sakselrà hu ogt+ Olbs e'axprassbgk ast aopegyâa dgurlooakt hlksuk saks rastrabkt+ Lumgurh'fub% ak ilbt% e'gk lppaeea grhbklbra/oakt « Hgssbar hu Hgkltbsoa ³ ea `rgupa has hgduoakts rael/

tbis ê el pârbgha has grb`bkas musqu'ê 44: = `rgupa qub l mguâ ea

røea prbkdbple hlks eas dgktrgvarsas aktra Dltfgebquas at sdfbs/

oltbquas% ê dlusa ha e'bopgrtlkda spâdblea qu'lvlbt pgur eas haux/

plrtbs el quastbgk has grb`bkas at ha el eâ`btbobtâ hu sdfbsoa+Hlks uk saks peus rastrabkt akdgra at prasqua murbhbqua% e'ax/

prassbgk « Hgssbar hu Hgkltbsoa ³ hâsb`ka eas @astl pur`l/tbgkbs Dsadbeblkb at Iaebdbs% d'ast ê/hbra uk raduabe plrtbae% katta/

oakt hâebobtâ% igroâ aktra 44: at 480% hgkt eas Dltfgebquas

lirbdlbks sa sarvbrakt prasqua dgkstlooakt pgur eas pgeâobquas%at qub iut utbebsâ suddassbvaoakt plr Gptît% plr Luùstbk% plreas lvgdlts/olkhltlbras hu plrtb dltfgebqua ê el Dgkiârakda ha8<<+ << ast hgkd pruhake ha ka pls lnusar hu taroa « Hgssbar huHgkltbsoa ³% taroa dgoogha au lpplrakda% olbs qub% gk ea

vgbt% príta ê e'âqubvgqua Lvlkt h'âtuhbar ak hâtlbe el dgopg/sbtbgk ab er dgktaku hu dâeænra raduabe ëeas @astl pur`ltbgkbs%kgus havgks nrbævaoakt plssar ak ravua e'aksaonea has pbædas+





<29 EA HGKLXBTOA

tbqua lbùbsâ% plr eas âruhbts ogharkas qub gkt asslyâ% dgooaXbeeaogkt% Hupbk at Ogrdaeeb% ha radgkstbtuar e'fbstgbra huHgkltbsoa <

+ Ha kgs mgurs% akibk% datta dfrgkgeg`ba has grb/

`bkas hu sdfbsoa l âtâ dgktrøeâa at prâdbsâa plr peusbaursslvlkts lvad uka vârbtlnea olëtrbsa >

+ << kgus plrlët hgkd bkutbea

ha radgooakdar bdb uk trlvlbe obkutbaux qub l âtâ igrt nbakilbt+ Eê gò e'gk ast h'lddgrh% kgus kgus dgktaktargks h'bkhbquarel hlta hu hgduoakt+ Kgus ka raprakhrgks el quastbgk qua sureas pgbkts gò kgus sgooas lrrbvâ ê has dgkdeusbgks hbiiâ/

raktas+ Gk trguvarl h'lbeeaurs% ê el ibk hu prâsakt vgeuoa% el

ebsta dgopeæta ha tgus eas hgduoakts% delssâs hlks e'grhra dfrg/kgeg`bqua+

Eas pbædas qub sa rlppgrtakt lux grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa sgktha kltura træs hbiiârakta = egbs at dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas 3 dgr/

raspgkhlkda giibdbaeea ha Dgkstlktbk gu ha sas raprâsaktlkts%at has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks 3 hgduoakts raeltbis ê dartlbks

âpbsghas ha el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak ak Lirbqua at luxoleaktakhus kâs ha datta parsâdutbgk3 hgssbars ha dgkdbeas3

pbædas dgkdarklkt eas lttlquas has sdfbsoltbquas dgktra easâvíquas ha Dlrtflà at eas plpas ha datta âpgqua3 suppebquas at

lppaes has Hgkltbstas ê e'aoparaur3 prgdæs/varnlux h'akquítas+Eas egbs at dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas gkt klturaeeaoakt% pgur

datta pârbgha% uka bopgrtlkda fbstgrbqua ha praobar grhra =

dlr aeeas hâdbhærakt ha e'lvakbr hu Hgkltbsoa+ Datta dltâ`grbaha hgduoakts dgoprakh el saktakda bopârblea ha 4<9% el egb haprgsdrbptbgk qub subvbt% e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda ha 4><% uka sârba harasdrbts hastbkâs ê aktrlvar el dlopl`ka hgkltbsta ha ebnaeeas

at ha plopfeats% akibk haux dgkstbtutbgks qub lvlbakt pgurgnmat h'lssurar lux Dltfgebquas at ha ratbrar lux sdfbsol/tbquas eas prbvbeæàs prâdâhaooakt dgkdâhâs lux deards+

Eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks% lu eakhaolbk ha el kguvaeea dgk/hlokltbgk prgkgkdâa plr ea dgkdbea h'Lreas% ak lvlbakt lppaeâlu trbnukle ha e'aoparaur 4

% qub% ngk `râ ole `râ% lpræs lvgbr

<" Xbeeaogkt% Oâogbras sur e'fbstgbra

add âsblseblua% t+ YB+ p+ </<243 920/0>93

Hupbk% Fbsegrbl Hgkltbstlruo% de Og/kuoakel víearl lh Hgkltbstlruo fbstg/rblo parebkakebl% delks sgk âhbtbgk h'Gptlt&Zlrbl% <0::"% p+ b/xevbbb at >>=4/:>: =

Ogrdaeeb% L irbrl Debrbseblkl &Nrasdbl%

<6<0"% tgoas BB at BBB+

Hudfaska% eu Hgssbar hu e"gkl/tbsoa% ^goa% <62: &axtrlbt ha/- Oâelkàsha e'Âdgea irlkàlbsa ha ^goa% t+ U%

<62:% p+ 162"3 e'leeu ha Eassart% Ilstashas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% B+ BB &Zlrbs%

<2:<"3 Flrkldc% Hba Dfrgkgeg`ba har uet/

dfrbsee+ Leear+% t+ Be &Eabpzb`% <2:8"%

p+ 8143 Taddc% \uaeeak ukb Qrcukhakuanar hba Lkilakà has Hgkltb[kus&hlks el ]abtsdfrbit iur Cbrdfakàsdfb/

dfta% t+ V% <662% p+ 1:1" = Hgs Qrcukhak/nudf has Gpeltus {bnbh+% t+ VVV% <2:2%

p+ <6<"+

4" Lppakhbr h'Gptlt% k+ 1% p+ >:2]bwsl3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >% 83 84% 0%

>:3 14% >% 13 <9% > 3 66% 43 62% 43 <:1%

>+ 6+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT <20

tar`bvarsâ haux lks% hut bkstrubra ê sgk tgur ea prgdæs+ El sak/

takda ha Dgkstlktbk &muhbdbbto Dgksblktbkb'% boparblebs saktak/tbl" iut rakhua ê Obelk hlks eas praobars mgurs hu ogbs ha

kgvaonra 4<9% at kgtbibâa ea <: kgvaonra lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua

Auoaebus'+ Aeea prgdelolbt qua Dladbeblkus lvlbt âtâ dlegokbâplr sas lhvarslbras% qu'be lvlbt âtâ râùebæraoakt âeu at grhgkkâ%qu'be âtlbt plr dgksâquakt ea saue âvíqua eâ`btboa ha Dlrtflà+

Ea taxta oíoa ha e'lrrít bopârble ast parhu+ Olbs Luùstbkkgus l dgksarvâ el plrtba ha el eattra ê Auoaebus gò Dgkstlktbk

râsuolbt sl saktakda = « M'bksæra bdb% hbt Luùstbk% eas plrgeas

oíoas ha Dgkstlktbk% h'lpræs sl eattra lu vbdlbra Auoaebus%

gò be lttasta qu'be l bkstrubt e'liilbra aktra eas haux plrtbas at

qu'be l dgkstltâ e'bkkgdakda ha Dladbeblkus+ Lpræs lvgbr rldgktâ

hlks da qub prâdæha% dgooakt eas haux plrtbas% ê el subta has

muàoakts âpbsdgplux% gkt âtâ dgkhubtas havlkt sgk prgpra

trbnukle% e'aoparaur lmguta = « Hlks da prgdæs% m'lb radgkkudelbraoakt qua Dladbeblkus ast uk fgooa h'uka plrilbta bkkg/

dakda% qub gnsarva tgus eas havgbrs ha sl raeb`bgk at el sart

dgooa be dgkvbakt+ Be o'ast lpplru ak tguta âvbhakda qu'gk k'lpu raeavar hlks sl dgkhubta luduka iluta% dgktrlbraoakt luxlddusltbgks pgrtâas dgktra eub ak sgk lnsakda plr e'fypgdrbsba

ha sas lhvarslbras ³ l+

E'lrrít ha Dgkstlktbk bopebqulbt el dgkhlokltbgk hu Hgkl/tbsoa+ Eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks hurakt prassar e'aoparaur ha

tbrar eas dgksâquakdas eâ`leas ha sl saktakda 3 ha eaur døtâ% eas

sdfbsoltbquas% ak rahgunelkt ha vbgeakda% hâdbhærakt ea `gu/

varkaoakt ê sâvbr+ Yars el ibk ha 4<9 gu ea hânut ha 4<0%iut

prgoueùâa el praobæra egb ha prgsdrbptbgk dgktra ea Hgkl/tbsoa% ea praobar âhbt « h'ukbtâ ³ 4

+ Zlr uk sbkùebar flslrh% ea

taxta ha datta egb sb bopgrtlkta ka ibùra pls hlks ea Dgha Xfâg/hgsbak% gò aeea ast oaktbgkkâa saueaoakt% at bkdbhaooakt% plr

uk rasdrbt ha @rltbak-+ El delusa prbkdbplea grhgkklbt el dgk/

ibsdltbgk has nlsbebquas qub lvlbakt âtâ gddupâas plr eas hbssb/

hakts% at qub havlbakt ítra rakhuas lux Dltfgebquas 1+ Havlbakt

ítra â`leaoakt dgkibsquâs eas nbaks ha « daux qub râsbstarlbakt

gnstbkâoakt ê e'ukbtâ ³ 9+ Tubvlkt Luùstbk% datta egb% qub âtlbt

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% 1<93 1></1>4 3 0<% 6>+

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <2% 4< at 4" Zlssbg Hgkleb% 4 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+

subv+3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgse Dgeeît+% 44% 24% 8% <8+

193 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 0<% 6>3 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB%9% >+

Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs Addeasbla pba/ 1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 4 3 Dgktrl ebt/

ndo% < 3 Apbst+ 84% >% 8 at subv+ 3 14% >% earls Zaebeblkb% BB% 2>% >:1+

1 3 24% 8% <43 <:1% >% 63 <8<% <:/<<+ 9" Apbst+ 24% 8% <8+

>" Luùstbk% Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%



<26 EA HGKLXBTOA

« træs sâværa ³'% dgopraklbt nbak h'lutras delusas% hbrb`âas

surtgut% saonea/t/be% dgktra eas dfais has sdfbsoltbquas+ Ak

ilbt% hlkseas lkkâas subvlktas% be ast quastbgk kgk saueaoakt

ha nlsbebquas raprbsas plr el igrda% olbs ha saktakdas h'axbe%

oíoa ha dgkhlokltbgks ê ogrt >+ Lu tâogb`klà h'Luùstbk%

eas egbs pgstârbauras dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa ka ibrakt qua dgkibroardaeea ha Dgkstlktbk 4

3 olbs% saegk tguta lpplrakda% da qub sur/

vbvlbt% d'âtlbt ogbks ea taxta oíoa ha el egb qua ea prbkdbpa hael dgkhlokltbgk+

\ultra lks plssærakt% qultra lkkâas ha parsâdutbgk% ha vbg/

eakda at h'lklrdfba% qub elssærakt eas haux plrtbs ak prâsakda

slks loakar ha râsuetlt+ Has âvgquas hgkltbstas haolkhærakt`rîda3 eaur suppebqua igurkbt ê Dgkstlktbk e'gddlsbgk ha nlttra

ak ratrlbta lvad eas fgkkaurs ha el ùarra-+ Be sa hâdbhl ê prg/

oueùar uk âhbt ha tgeârlkda% qu'be kgtbibl ea 1 olb 4>< luvbdlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus.+ Hlks dat âhbt% hgkt ea taxta grb`bkle

ast â`leaoakt parhu% olbs hgkt kgus dgkklbssgks lssaz nbak ea

dgktaku% e'aoparaur âvbtlbt ha rlppgrtar axprassâoakt sgk âhbt

h'ukbtâ3 olbs be e'lkkuelbt ak ilbt plr has hâdelrltbgks tgutas

hbiiâraktas at plr eas bkstrudtbgks qu'be hgkklbt ê sas làkts+Tlks hguta% be plrelbt huraoakt has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks% eas

trlbtlbt ha sdâeârlts% lppaelkt oíoa sur aux el vakàlkdahbvbka3 olbs% ha ùarra elssa% be eaur lddgrhlbt el ebnartâ hudueta at ea rlppae has axbeâs% be oattlbt ibk lux parsâdutbgks+Kgus ka slvgks s'be dgkdâhlbt igroaeeaoakt lux dgoouklutâshgkltbstas el mgubsslkda has nlsbebquas qu'aeeas lvlbakt râussb ê

`lrhar3 olbs datta dgkdassbgk âtlbt el dgksâquakda klturaeea

ha el delusa raeltbva ê el ebnartâ hu dueta% at d'ast nbak lbksb quae'âhbt iut bktarprâtâ plr eas làkts bopârblux+ El egb « h'ukbtâ ³

havaklbt eattra ogrta 3 ea kguvae âhbt ha tgeârlkda dgksldrlb,

bopebdbtaoakt ea stltu ùg+H'lutras dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas ha datta pârbgha% â`leaoakt

raeltbvas lu Hgkltbsoa% olbs naludgup ogbks bopgrtlktas%kgus gkt âtâ dgksarvâas plr ea Dgha Xfâghgsbak+ \ultra h'aktra

aeeas vbsakt eas ebnaeeas hbiiloltgbras {ilogsb b naeeç" dgktra eas

Dltfgebquas% eas hâkgkdbltbgks% `âkârleaoakt lkgkyoas% qua

eas sdfbsoltbquas akvgylbakt slks sa elssar lux `guvarkaurs

b" Apbst+ <:1% >% 2+ ùsebk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% ><% 42 3 Lh>" Zlssbg Hgulbt% 4 ae subv+ 3 Luùstbk% Hgkltbsels pgkt Dgeelb+% 4<% 1< 3 Apbst

+

Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb%_% 6%<43 <8<%2+<<% <63 Apbst+ <8<% 2+ T Dgeeît Dlrefl`+% <<<%182/11:3 Lu/

euùstbk% Apbst+ O%'+%3 'Vb% 8% <83 ùsebk% Apbst+ <8<% 23 Fravbd+ Dgeel +%

<:1%>% 2/<:+ BBB% bbEU '+u rb subv+ 3 U%e Hgkltbstls pgst8" Dgeelb+ Dlr fl%%+% BBB% ië 8 b / F 8 X 3 Lu/ Dgeel +% 4<% + 44% 19



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT <22

lirbdlbks+ El praobæra ha das dgkstbtutbgks% lhrassâa dgooae'âhbt ha tgeârlkda lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus% at liibdfâa êDlrtflà ea >2 olrs 4<2% prasdrbvlbt ha radfardfar eas lutaurshas ebnaeeas% at ha eas pukbr% legrs oíoa qu'bes prguvarlbakt eas

ilbts leeâùâs plr aux'+ Qk lutra rasdrbt% liibdfâ ê Dlrtflà ea

>1 iâvrbar 4>:% at lhrassâ lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua% rlppaelbt êda ol`bstrlt qua eas lddusltbgks dgktakuas hlks uk ebnaeea kahavlbakt pls kubra lux parsgkkas hâkgkdâas% legrs oøoa quaea ebnaeea sarlbt `lrhâ hlks eas lrdfbvas hu prgdgksue gu huvbdlbra h'Lirbqua >

+ Gk raeæva has bkstrudtbgks lklegùas hlks

haux rasdrbts hu 8 hâdaonra 4>: at hu >< gdtgnra 4>6 4 + Akibk%haux lutras dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas sa rlppgrtakt ê el quastbgkhas prbvbeæàs hu dear`â+ Ea <

ar saptaonra 4>9% Dgkstlktbkspâdbiba qua eas booukbtâs lddgrhâas lux deards dltfgebquashgbvakt ítra raiusâas lux sdfbsoltbquas% at qua daux/db sgktlstrabkts lux oboarl'+ Ea 1 iâvrbar 44:% be lvbsa ea dgksuelbraYleaktbkus% `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba% h'lvgbr ê prakhra hasoasuras pgur lssurar uka aktbæra booukbtâ lux deards bkiârbaurs

hae'Aèbsa dltfgebqua qub lvlbakt âtâ

bkhóoakt sguobs plr hasHgkltbstas lux dflràs ha el durba 1+

Lux egbs at dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas s'lmgutakt uka traktlbkaha eattras giibdbaeeas% hgkt naludgup sgkt dgksarvâas bktâ`rl/eaoakt% qub sguvakt sgkt hltâas% at qub igurkbssakt eas âeâoaktsassaktbaes pgur el radgkstbtutbgk ha e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa aktraeas lkkâas 4<4 at 44:+ Da sgkt% pgur el peuplrt% has pbædas hadflkdaeearba = eattras ha Dgkstlktbk% kgtbibdltbgks ha flutsigkdtbgkklbras% rlppgrts ha `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ Tb prâdbausas

qua sgbakt das pbædas pgur e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa% aeeas k'bktâ/

rassakt ùæra e'fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+ Lussbkgus dgktaktargks/kgus ha eas oaktbgkkar% ak eas `rguplkthlks uk grhra oâtfghbqua% h'lpræs ea dgktaku at el hlta+ Aeeas

sa rlppgrtakt sgbt ê el praobæra bktarvaktbgk ha Dgkstlktbkaktra eas haux plrtbs% sgbt lu dgkdbea ha ^goa% sgbt ê e'akquítasur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% sgbt lu dgkdbea h'Lreas% sgbt lu prgdæs haDladbeblkus havlkt ea trbnukle bopârble% sgbt ê el pgebtbqua lirb/

dlbka ha Dgkstlktbk hlks sas harkbæras lkkâas+L pabka olëtra ha ^goa% Dgkstlktbk aut ê s'gddupar hae'Lirbqua at hut sa prgkgkdar aktra eas haux plrtbs+ H'lngrh% be

vgueut râplrar eas hgoolàs dlusâs ê e'Âèbsa egdlea plrel par/

sâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak+ Yars el ibk ha 4<> gu ea hânut ha 4<4% be

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% <+ 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% <+

>" enbh+% BV% 48% >+ 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% >% < 3 Lppakhbx4" enbh+% BV% 48% 4 at 8+ h'Gptlt% k+ <:% p+ ><1 ]bwsl+



>:: EA H:KLX<TOA

âdrbvbt lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus pgur eub grhgkkar ha ilbra rastb/

tuar lux dgoouklutâs dfrâtbakkas eas booauneas dgkibsquâs <

+

Zlr uka lutra eattra lu oøoa parsgkklà% be eub kgtbibl sl vg/egktâ h'axaoptar has dflràs punebquas eas deards ha e'Aèbsa

dltfgebqua hgkt Dladbeblkus âtlbt ea dfai 4+ D'ast% hlks datta dgr/

raspgkhlkda giibdbaeea% el praobæra leeusbgk lux sdfbsoltbquaslirbdlbks+ Has Ldtl prgdgksuelrbl dgkstltærakt qu' Lkuebkus lvlbt

dgooukbquâ ê Dladbeblkus at lux Dltfgebquas hu plys ea ras

drbt bopârble% ak eas axfgrtlkt ê râtlnebr e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa 4+ Zau

lpræs% e'aoparaur s'lhrassl hbradtaoakt ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlr/

tbelà = be eub lkkgkàlbt e'akvgb ha sadgurs ak lràkt hastbkâslux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas% e'lvbslbt has oasuras prbsas gu ê prakhrapgur el trlksobssbgk at el râplrtbtbgk ha das bkhaokbtâs% eub

prgoattlbt ha ea sgutakbr dgktra eas ilutaurs ha trguneas% at

%<'ak`làlbt ê bkvgquar% ak dls ha nasgbk% e'lppub has `guvar/kaurs'+ L el eattra bopârblea âtlbt mgbkt uk âtlt ibklkdbar% hrassâ

plr e'âvíqua Fgsbus ha Dgrhgua% at bkhbqulkt ea ogha ha râplr/

tbtbgk has sgooas h'lràkt aktra eas dgoouklutâs bktâras/

sâas 1+ Ak oíoa taops% Dgkstlktbk âdrbvlbt ê Qrsus% rltbgklebs

h'Lirbqua% pgur eub trlksoattra sas bkstrudtbgks sur ea varsa/

oakt has igkhs 3 lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus at lu vbdlbra h'LirbquaZltrbdbus% pgur eaur akmgbkhra ha sgutakbr Dladbeblkus dgktraeas hbssbhakts 0

+

Qk sadgkh `rgupa ha pbædas giibdbaeeas sa rlttldfa ê el pra/

obæra raquíta has sdfbsoltbquas at lu dgkdbea ha ^goa qub akiut el dgksâquakda+ Hu <1 lvrbe 4<4 ast hltâ uk træs bopgrtlktrlppgrt hu prgdgksue Lkuebkus ê e'aoparaur 6

+ Qka hâeâ`ltbgk

ha hbssbhakts% subvba h'uka iguea dgksbhârlnea% s'âtlbt prâsaktâalu `guvarkaur at eub lvlbt raobs% lvad prbæra ha eas trlksoattra%haux pbædas raeltbvas ê el quaraeea has haux plrtbs E'uka hadas pbædas âtlbt dldfatâa = h'lpræs ea tbtra raprghubt sur e'akva/

egppa% d'âtlbt uk râqubsbtgbra dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà%râhb`â lu kgo ha e'Aèbsa « dltfgebqua ³ has oâdgktakts 4

+

E'lutra pbæda âtlbt uka suppebqua ê Dgkstlktbk = has âvíquas huplrtb ha Hgklt gu ha Olmgrbkus haolkhlbakt qua e'liilbra iòe

sguobsa ê uk lrnbtrlà h'âvíquas `luegbse:

+ Ea rlppgrt h' Lkueb/kus lvlbt prâdbsâoakt pgur gnmat prbkdbple ha pgrtar da ilbt

<" Ausæna% eebse+ Addc/s+% V% 1% <1/<0+ 9" Ausæna% V% 9% <+

>" 5 +% V% 0+ 0" Bnbh+% V% 9% 8+

4" Zbæda oaktbgkkâa hlks ea praobar 6" Dgeelb+ Dlreflg+% BBB% ><1/M>: 3 Lk/^lppgrt h'Lkuebkus &Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 66% ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% > 3 ebraóbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB%

>"+ 0% +T3 <>%>8+

8" Ausæna% iebst+ Adgeas+% V% 9+ y" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 8% <4+

1" enbh+% V% 9%>+ <:" Gptlt%B%>>3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT >:<

kguvalu ê el dgkklbsslkda ha e'aoparaur at ha eub akvgyar eas

haux pbædas ak quastbgk+ Dgkstlktbkibt

hrgbt ê el raquíta% olbsak sa râsarvlkt ha dgkstbtuar ea trbnukle dgooa be ea muàrlbtngk+ Yars ea obebau ha 4<4% be âdrbvbt lu plpa Obetblha% qub âtlbt

h'grb`bka lirbdlbka% pgur ea dflràr ha prâsbhar ea iutur dgkdbea%

pgur eub lkkgkdar e'akvgb has hgduoakts trlksobs plr Lkueb/kus% e'lrrbvâa prgdflbka ha trgbs âvíquas `luegbs% âtbdbush'Lutuk% Oltarkus ha Dgeg`ka% Olrbkus h'Lreas% qub havrlbaktibùrar plrob eas muàs% at el dgoplrutbgk ha Dladbeblkus lvadhas hâeâ`ltbgks has haux plrtbs lirbdlbks'+ H'lutra plrt% be lvbslhbradtaoakt eas trgbs âvíquas `luegbs% eas bkvbtlkt ê sa rakhralu dgkdbea 6

+ Hlks sl râpgksa lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus% be eub

grhgkkl h'akvgyar ê ^goa Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà lvadhbx raprâsaktlkts ha dflqua plrtb 4

+ Qk sadgkh rlppgrt h'Lku/ebkus lkkgkàl nbaktøt ea hâplrt has haux hâeâ`ltbgks-+ Gk slbt

qua ea dgkdbea ha ^goa sa râukbt ea > gdtgnra% at hgkkl `lbkha dlusa ê Dladbeblkus 1

+ Hæs qua el saktakda iut dgkkua akLirbqua% eas prgtastltbgks âdeltærakt hlks ea dlop has hbssbhakts+

Yars el ibk ha e'lkkâa% uk rlppgrt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Aelibkslvbsl ha das prgtastltbgks ea `guvarkaoakt daktrle <

'+

Hlks e'aspgbr ha oattra ibk ê datta l`btltbgk% e'aoparaurgrhgkkl h'guvrbr uka akquíta sur ea dls ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb%qub lvlbt dgksldrâ Dladbeblkus% at qua e'gk ldduslbt h'lvgbr ilb/

neb hlks el parsâdutbgk = eas hbssbhakts sa pelb`klbakt qua ea

dgkdbea ha ^goa aót kâèb`â da `rbai% flutaoakt bkvgquâ plreaurs âvíquas egrs ha el hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus+ Xrgbs pbædasha dflkdaeearba vbsakt ea prgdæs ha Iâebx = uka eattra gò Dgkstlk/tbk prasdrbvlbt lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua yAebus Zluebkus h'guvrbrbooâhbltaoakt e'akquíta 0

3 uka eattra h'+Aebus Zluebkus luxhuuovbrs h'Lntfu`kb% dgktaklkt eas bkstrudtbgks hu `guvar/kaur 6

3 uk rlppgrt giibdbae gò ea prgdgksue rAeblkus% dflr`â hae'liilbra ak e'lnsakda hYAebus Zluebkus% kgtbiblbt ê e'aoparaureas râsuetlts ha e'akquíta% qub lvlbt prguvâ e'bkkgdakda ha

<" Ausâna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1% <6+ ‘ subv+ 3 14% >% 1 3 66% 4 3 <:4% >% 6 3 <61%

Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% 4<2 3 Luùstbk% <:% 80+Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% <>% >8+ 9" ^lppgrt oaktbgkkâ hlks el ^âpgksa

>" Ausæna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1% <6+ Ma Dgkstlktbk ê +8[<libus &Lppakhbx h'Gp/4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 4<6 3 Luùs/ tlt% k+ 4% p+ >:1 ]bwsl"+

tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<% <>% >'t+ 0" Gptît e'lbt leeusbgk ê daeta eattra &B%

8" ^lppgrt dbtâ ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< >0"3 olbs be dgkigkh ea vbdlbra Oebus{Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% 4<6 3 Luùstbk% Zluebkus lvad ea prgdgksue Lbeblkus+ Gkebravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >8"+ paut% h'lbeeaurs% sgupàgkkar bdb uka arraur

1" Gptît% B% >4/>8 3 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`% ha dgpbsta+BBB% 4>:/4>9 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% 6" Eattra dbtâa hlks eas Ldtl pur`lebg/BBB% <>% >8 3 <0% 4< 3 Apbst+ 84% >% 8 at kbs Iaebdbs% p+ <20 ]bwsl+



>:> EA HGKLXBTOA

e'âvíqua Iâebx-+ El saktakda hu trbnukle prgdgksuelbra âtlbt

hgkd uka râpgksa pâraoptgbraê e'uk has prbkdbplux lrùoakts

bkvgquâsplr eas sdfbsoltbquas dgktra ea dgkdbea ha

^goa+Lroâ ha datta saktakda% Dgkstlktbk râsgeut ha ilbra râèarhâibkbtbvaoakt e'liilbra ha Dladbeblkus% dgooa parsbstlbakt ê ea

haolkhar eas oâdgktakts% plr uk `rlkh dgkdbea `luegbs+ Ludgkdbea h'Lreas sa rlttldfa uk lutra `rgupa ha pbædas giibdbaeeas =

uka eattra lhrassâa plr e'aoparaur ê Dfrastus% âvæqua ha Tyrl/dusa% pgur e'bkvbtar ê sa rakhra lu sykgha- 3 has dgkvgdltbgkslklegùas akvgyâas lux âvgquas btlebaks% `luegbs% nratgks% aspl/`kges% qub havlbakt prakhra plrt ê el oíoa lssaoneâa 4

3 ukaeattra ha e'aoparaur lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua +Aelibus% prasdrbvlktha hbrbàr sur Lreas% pgur ea <

ar lgót% Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàlvad quaequas/uks ha sas plrtbslks at ha sas lhvarslbras lpplr/taklkt lux hbvarsas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas 8

3 uka eattra ha raoar/dbaoakts at ha dgk`â% lhrassâa plr Dgkstlktbk lux oaonrashu dgkdbea 1

3 akibk% uka kgtbibdltbgk has prâiats hu prâtgbra luvbdlbra h'Lirbqua Hgobtbus Daesus% raeltbva lu ratgur hasâvíquas hbssbhakts ak Lirbqua U

Eas sdfbsoltbquas ak lppaeærakt akdgra hu dgkdbea ê e'aopa/raur% at ea obrakt ak haoaura ha trlkdfar eub/oíoa ea hânlt =

+

Qka sârba ha pbædas kgus pabkt sur ea vbi e'aonlrrls ha Dgkstlk/tbk% qub dfardfa ê sa hârgnar% fâsbta sur el prgdâhura% at peu/sbaurs igbs oghbiba sas râsgeutbgks+ Be lvlbt sgk`â% h'lngrh% ê

akvgyar has muàs ak Lirbqua3 pubs be dflkàl h'lvbs+ Hlks eas

praobars ogbs ha 4<1% be âdrbvlbt lu prgdgksue Zrgnblkus h'ax/

pâhbar ê ^goa uk dartlbk Bkàktbus% dgkvlbkdu ha ilux hlks ea

prgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 6+ Yars ea obebau ha el oíoa lkkâa%

plr has eattras lhrassâas sbouetlkâoakt ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàat ê daux has âvgquas hbssbhakts qub lvlbakt raprâsaktâ eaur

dgtarba lu dgkdbea h'Lreas% be olkhlbt ê ^goa eas haux plrtbas%

olrqulkt sgk bktaktbgk h'bkstrubra e'liilbra ak eaur prâsakda-+Olbs% Dladbeblkus olkqulkt lu rakhaz vgus% peusbaurs hâeâùâs«ebs sdfbsoltbquas ak prgibeærakt pgur sa hârgnar+ L el ibk hae'lkkâa 4<1% uk rlppgrt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Hgobtbus Daesuslvartbt e'aoparaur qua e'l`btltbgk hgkltbsta luòaktlbt hlks ea

U"DgQut+ Dlrefl`+% BBB+ 11T/19Ó = Lu/ 1" Lppakhbx h'Gpelt% k+ 1% p+ >:6+

ùstbk% Nratbd+ Dgeelb+% |||% >8% 8>+ 9 Bnbh+% k+ 6% p+ ><>+

>" Ausæna% eebst+ Addeas+% U% +r3% ><+ 0" bnbh+% k+ 1% p+ >:23 Luùstbk% Apbse+

E'axbstakda 5,5 das eattras saonea lb/ b=b% >% '%3 b+'b% <% >:3 14% >% r%

3 09% >3 66%b+ tâa plr uk plsslà ha el eattra l Dfras/ +'-

3 62% ''•3 <:1% >% s+

tus Ausæna% Y .;% ><"% ae plr eas sb`kl/ 6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 83 Dgktrl Drâl/turas 'eu dgkdbea h'Lreas+ dgkbtto% BBB% .bk% 6<+

e"Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+4% p+ >:< ]bwsl% 2" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 5'%% p+ ><:+

‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% >% 1+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT >:4

plys <+ Hlks sl râpgksa% dgktaklkt sas bkstrudtbgks ê da `guvar/

kaur% Dgkstlktbk sa pelb`klbt loæraoakt hu slks/`íka has

haux plrtbas% at hâdelrlbt qu'be plssarlbt nbaktøt el oar% pgurtarobkar sur eas ebaux ea hbiiârakh-+ Eas dfgsas trlëkærakt akdgraak egkùaur3 Dgkstlktbk rakgkàl ê sgk prgmat ha vgylà akLirbqua% râussbt pgurtlkt ê oattra eas pelbhaurs ak prâsakda at ê

bkstrubra ea prgdæs+ Zlr uka eattra hltâa hu <: kgvaonra 4<:% be

kgtbibl sl saktakda lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Auoaebus 4+

Eas harkbæras eattras giibdbaeeas ha datta pârbgha gkt trlbt

ê el pgebtbqua lirbdlbka ha Dgkstlktbk aktra eas lkkâas 4>< at

44:+ Els ha parsâdutar% ha euttar slks râsuetlt dgktra e'aktíta/oakt has sdfbsoltbquas% be 'sa râsb`kl ê dlpbtuear% ak asslylkt hasluvar el ilda+ Zlr uka eattra lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus% hltâahu 1 olb 4><% be obt ibk lux pgursubtas% rlppael eas axbeâs%

lddgrhl lux hbssbhakts el ebnartâ hu dueta% lddaptl ea stltu qug <+

Zau ha taops lpræs% be elkàl uka sgrta ha prgdeloltbgk âvlk`â/ebqua% gò be axfgrtlbt eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks ê sa râsb`kar%

aux lussb% at% hlks e'bktârít ha el plbx% ê s'lroar ha pltbakda akilda has prgvgdltbgks has sdfbsoltbquas 1

+ Dgooa e'l`btltbgk

ka dasslbt pls% be sgkàlbt uk pau peus tlrh ê akvgyar dgooalrnbtras ak Lirbqua quaequas âvgquas grbaktlux3 olbs% ak rlb/

sgkhas prg`ræs ha e'Lrblkbsoa qub trgunelbt e'Grbakt eub/oíoa%be hut rakgkdar ê da prgmat% at% vars ea hânut ha 4>8% be dgksb/

`klbt sas ra`rats hlks sl eattra ê e'âvíqua Leaxlkhra at lu prítra

Lrbus h'Leaxlkhrba U Tbx lks peus tlrh% be iut lvbsâ qua eas

Hgkltbstas rahgunelbakt h'luhlda ak Kuobhba% lu pgbkt haparsâdutar eas Dltfgebquas+ Ea 1 iâvrbar 44:% be âdrbvbt ê gkza

âvíquas dltfgebquas ha datta prgvbkda% pgur eaur prgoattra hailbra raspadtar eas booukbtâs has deards ha eaur Âèbsa% at hailbra dgkstrubra ê Dgkstlktbka uka kguvaeea nlsbebqua ak rao/peldaoakt ha daeea qu'lvlbakt usurpâa eas sdfbsoltbquas''3 ea

oíoa mgur% be akvgylbt has bkstrudtbgks ak dgksâquakda ludgksuelbra Yleaktbkus% `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba 6

+ Tur da oâelk/dgebqua lvau h'bopubsslkda sa tarobka el dgrraspgkhlkda giib/

dbaeea ha Dgkstlktbk sur ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk+

<" ^lppgrt oaktbgkkâ hlks el ^âpgksa <:1% >% 63 <8<% <:/<<+ha Dgkstlktbk &Lppækhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 0% 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 182/11:3 Lu/p+ ><<"+ ùstbk+ Apbst+ <8<% 23 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+%

>" Lppækhbx h'Gpelt% k+ 0+ <<<% >>% 8: at subv+ 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 1<9 at subv+3 Dgeeît+% 4<% 183 44% 19+

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% <2% 4< at 1" Lppakhb+r+ h'Gptlt% k+ 2+

subv+3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgtt Dgeeît+% 44% 9" Ausæna% Ybtl Dgkstlktbk % <<%99/96+193 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 0<% 6>= 0" Lppækhbx% h'Gptlt% k+ <:+

Apbst+ 84% >% 8 at subv+ 3 14% >% 1 3 24% 8% <43 6" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% >% 0

+



>:8 EA HGKLXBTOA

Be suiibrl ha rlppaear h'uk ogt uka dltâ`grbatræs hbiiârakta

ha pbædas% qub bktârassakt hbradtaoakt e'fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'L/

irbqua% olbs qua kgus lvgks âtuhbâas lktârbauraoakt<

+ Da sgkthas pbædas raeltbvas ê el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% at sguvaktdbtâas gu leeâùâas hlks eas dgktrgvarsas aktra eas haux plrtbs =

eas Ldtl Oboltb Iaebdbs% prgdæs/varnle has slbsbas hlks e'âèbsa

ha Dbrtl% ea <2 olb 4:4-3 has @astl punebdl% peus gu ogbkslutfaktbquas% at h'lbeeaurs parhus% sur el prâtakhua brlhòbg haIâebx h'Lftfu`kb% ha Kgvaeeus ha Xyzbdl% ha Ilustbkus ha Xfu/nurfg% eas trgbs âvíquas qub peus tlrh grhgkkærakt @ladbeblkus

ha Dlrtflà4

3 eas Ldtl Tlturkbk7 gu has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl%tgrturâs ê Dlrtflà ea <> iâvrbar 4:8 8

3 ea olkbiasta râhb`â hlkseaur prbsgk plr das dgkiassaurs 1

3 h'lutras Ldtl% qub âtlbakt rael/

tbis ê has olrtyrs bkdgkkus hu oíoa taops% at qub iurakt â`l/eaoakt prghubts ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< º3 el dgrraspgkhlkda haOaksurbus ha Dlrtflà lvad Tadukhus ha Xb`bsb+ prbolt haKuobhba% ak 4:8 0

3 ea prgtgdgea ha Dbrtl% hu 1 olrs 4:1 6+

Oaktbgkkgks akdgra% pgur oâogbra% eas hgssbars ha dgkdbeasqub sargkt lkleysâs lbeeaurs = eas Ldtas hu Tykgha has hbssbhaktsê Dlrtflà ak 4< 2

% eas Ldtas hu dgkdbea ha ^goa ak 4<4 <:% daux

hu dgkdbea h'Lreas ak 4<8.+Kgus ka havgks pls kgus lrrítar naludgup peus lux pbædas

qub dgkdarkakt eas lttlquas has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks dgktraeas âvíquas ha Dlrtflà gu dgktra eas plpas ha datta pârbgha+Zlrob das pbædas% eas ukas sgkt parhuas at kgus sgkt træs oledgkkuas3 eas lutras% qub sgkt dgksarvâas% at qub sgkt prâdbausas

<" Ygy+ peus flut% e+ BBB% p+ 24 at subv+

>" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <69]bwsl+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BBB% >2% 443 BY% 19% 993 Apbst+ 14%

>% 83 09% >+

4" Gptlb% <%>:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/elb+% BBB% <8% >93 Lh Hgklebsels pgseDgeelb+% >>% 46+

8" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% < at subv+ ‘ Di+

Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 848 ae 881/8863 Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <0+ 4>3 Lh

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1" Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <6 eëbbeuzd+ ‘ Di+

bnbh+% > at <9/<0+

9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% bee% 882/81:3 Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <0% 44=+e&

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0" Dgeelb+% Dlrtfl`+% UUU% 448/48 B3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<%<4% >1 at subv+

3

Lbe Hgklebsels pgse Dgeelb+% <8% <63 Havkbdg nlptbsog% <9% >23 Dgktrl @lu/hrkebbbo% B% 40% 80+

6" Gptît% B% <4/<83 Luùstbk% DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:+

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Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >6% 4>3 BY% 0% 23 Apbst+

84% >% 4 at subv+3 <8<% 93 Dgktrl Iueàk/ebuo% >9+

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subv+3 14% >% 13 66% 43 <:1%>% 63 <61% <:%

80+

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eebst+ Adgeas+% U% +

=

b% >< = Luùstbk% Apbst+

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>%63 Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

9% <<= Olksb% Dlkle+% B+ Be% |;+ 892+




pgur e'bktaeebàkda ha el psydfgeg`ba hu Hgkltbsoa% hgbvakt

ítra âtuhbâas ê plrt gu lvad eas Ŕuvras lklegùas+ Bdb% kguskgus ngrkargks hgkd ê eas sb`klear ak plsslkt+ Gk sa sguvbaktqua% hæs el ibk ha el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% lvlbt dgooakdâê Dlrtflà at ak Kuobhba uka dlopl`ka h'bkvadtbvas at hadlegokbas dgktra Oaksurbus at Dladbeblobs+ Eas lttlquas rahgu/neærakt ak 4<>% lu dgkdbea has hbssbhakts+ Aeeas prbrakt dgrpshlks uk hgduoakt qub ast olefaurausaoakt parhu% at qub havlbtítradgooa uk olkbiasta hu plrtb hbssbhakt = ea Ebnaeeus% Aadeakladltcgebdla drbobkuo Dlddbeblkb% d'ast/ê/hbra ea râqubsbtgbra raobslu prgdgksue Lkuebkus at akvgyâ ê Dgkstlktbk plr da `guvarkaurlvad sgk ^lppgrt hu <1 lvrbe 4< e

+ Gk ka paut hbra sb da ebnaeea

hgbt ítra bhaktbibâ lvad ea Hakuutbltbgkbs ebnaeeus lhvarsus Dladb/eblluo% râqubsbtgbra lhrassâ quaequas ogbs peus tlrh lu dgkdbeaha ^goa >

+ Qk lutra plopfeat dgktra Dladbeblkus at eas Dltfg/ebquas lirbdlbks kgus l âtâ dgksarvâ hlks R Lppakhbx has LdtlTlturkbkb 4

+ Akibk% el Zlssbg Hgkltb% ê nbak has â`lrhs% paut ítra

dgksbhârâa lussb dgooa uka sgrta ha plopfeat dgktra ea oíoaDladbeblkus

8

+ D'ast ê has ebnaeeas ha da àkra qua ilbslbt leeusbgkDgkstlktbk hlks peusbaurs dgkstbtutbgks lhrassâas legrs lux`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks '+

Eas Hgkltbstas ka sa dgktaktærakt pls ha dlegokbar dgpbau/saoakt at h'lddusar nruylooakt eaurs dgopltrbgtas dltfg/ebquas+ Bes k'b`kgrlbakt pls qua has eattras ha dgooukbgklvlbakt âtâ akvgyâas ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà plr e'Aèbsa ha^goa at hbvarsas Aèbsas h'gutra/oar 9

+ Zgur sa vakàr ha datta

bktarvaktbgk at has dgkhlokltbgks prgkgkdâas dgktra aux plreas dgkdbeas% eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks bol`bkærakt h'bkdrbob/kar lussb el dgkhubta has âvæquas ha ^goa+ Bes prâtakhbrakt quaea plpa ha e'lkkâa 4:4 at sas deards eas iuturs plpas% qua Olr/daeebkus% Olrdaeeus% Obetblha% Tbevastra% lvlbakt tgus trlfb eaurhavgbr pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak 0

+ Zgur ea hâogk/trar% bes leeâùlbakt at bktarprâtlbakt ê eaur ilàgk haux hgdu/oakts% qu'bes prghubsbrakt akdgra uk sbædea peus tlrh = has @astllpuh prlaiadeuo% eas prgdæs/varnlux has slbsbas ilbtas ak 4:4

hlks eas âèbsas ha ^goa 6% at ea prgdæs/varnle ha rastbtutbgk ha

das âèbsas lu plpa Obetblha% plr grhra ha Olxakda% ak 4<< U L<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 8% <4+ 1% <:3 Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <9% >03 Nra/

>" Apbst+ 84% 1% <1+ vba+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 48+

4" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <9/>: Nlbuza+ 6" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 82:/8263 Lu/8" Zlssbg Hgkltb% > at 6+ ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 48/49+1" Dgh+ Xcagh+% BV% 48% </>+ ‘ Di+ 2" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 822/1<83 Lu/

bnbh+% BV% 48% 4/8+ ùstbk% Nbwbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 48 at

9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 4% 63 84% 0% <2+ subv+ 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <4% <0+




>:9 EA HGKLX<TOA

datta dlopl`ka dgktra eas dfais ha e'Âèbsa ha ^goa sa rlttl/

dflbakt slks hguta eas pbædas hu prgdæs drbobkae bktaktâ havlkte'aoparaur% vars 4<1% lu plpa Tbevastra' = prgdæs hgkt kgus b`kg/rgks h'lbeeaurs eas dbrdgkstlkdas axldtas% at hgkt ea hgssbar ast

aktbæraoakt parhu+Eas raquítas% lppaes at suppebquas has hbssbhakts ê Dgkstlk/

tbk igroakt uk lutra `rgupa træs bopgrtlkt pgur e'fbstgbra hasgrb`bkas at ha el oaktlebtâ ha e'Aèbsa hgkltbsta+ Dgooa kgusk'lurgks pls e'gddlsbgkha ravakbr sur das pbædas% kgus bkhbqua/rgks bdb% lvad peus ha hâtlbe% da qu'gk ak slbt+

L sgk ^lppgrt hu <1 lvrbe 4<4%<d prgdgksue Lkuebkus mgb/`kbt uka âquíta ê e'aoparaur &Zradas lh Dgkstlkt bkutk"% quavaklbt ha eub raoattra uka hâeâ`ltbgk has hbssbhakts% at plrelquaeea daux db râdelolbakt uk lrnbtrlà h'âvíquas `luegbs U

Ha datta pbæda% qub l âtâ olbkta igbs prghubta hlks eas pgeâ/

obquas aktra eas haux plrtbs% Gptît kgus l dgksarvâ ea taxta

bktâ`rle+ Ak vgbdb el trlhudtbgk = « Kgus t'lhrassgks ukaraquíta% ø Dgkstlktbk% axdaeeakt aoparaur+ Xu as h'uka rlda

musta3 tgk pæra% saue plrob eas aoparaurs% k'l pls hâdflëkâ elparsâdutbgk% at% `rîda ê eub% el @luea ast rastâa ê e'lnrb ha datta

drbobkaeea aktraprbsa+ Ak Lirbqua% be y l has hbiibduetâs aktrakgus at eas lutras âvíquas+ Kgus haolkhgks qua tl pbâtâ kgusilssa hgkkar has muàs ha @luea+ ‘ Tb`kâ plr Eudblkus% Hb`kus%Klsutbus% Dlpbtg% Ibhaktbus% at eas lutras âvíquas hu plrtb haHgklt 4

³+ Eas harkbars ogts hu hgduoakt &plrtbs Hgkltb" sgktprgnlneaoakt uka bktarpgeltbgk+ Hlks e'axaopelbra qu'Luùs/tbk lvlbt aktra eas olbks% gk ebslbt = « at eas lutras âvíquas huplrtb ha Olmgrbkus ³ Splrtbs Olmgrbkb" U Ak aiiat% Olmgrbkushavlbt ítra akdgra vbvlkt ak lvrbe 4<43 be plrlët ítra ogrtsaueaoakt quaequas ogbs peus tlrh+ Dapakhlkt% ê kgtra lvbs%

e'axaopelbra h'Luùstbk% sur da pgbkt% k'âtlbt pls peus axldt quadaeub h'Gptlt = eas haux eaàgks hgbvakt ítra has lhhbtbgks hadgpbstas hu SYa sbædea+ Eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks rapgusslbaktlegrs datta lppaeeltbgk bkmurbausa ha plrtb ha Olmgrbkus gu haHgklt = bes lvlbakt el prâtaktbgk h'ítra el vârbtlnea Âèbsa%

e'Aèbsa « dltfgebqua ³ '+ Taegk tguta vrlbsaonelkda% el âquítagrb`bklea sa tarobklbt sgbt plr uka egkùa ebsta ha kgos

b" Apbseueu dgkdbebb rgolkb lob+ 406 4" Gptlb% B% >>+

lh @rleblkuo at Yleaktbkblkuo ; ³/ f" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 66% e >= 24%8% <43rlegras &Olksb% DgkdbE% t+ BBB% U5+ 9><"+ Nrabrbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8+

>" Gptît% B% >>3 eee% 43 Luùstbk% bdtl Tltvrkbkb% Btb at >: Nleuza3Dgktrl Dra /'kkbrk% eee% 9<% t30 3 Apbst+ Zlssbg Hgkleb% ''= Ldtl pur`lebgkbs Ia/

B% >% ;3 3•% >3 66% >3 24% '+% ebls% U;+ <26 ]bwsl3 Gptît% BB% B be subt+

<43 <:1% >% T3 <8<% 6+




h'âvíquas% sgbt plr eas ogts « at eas lutras âvíquas ha e'Âèbsa

dltfgebqua ³ &at datarbs apbsdgpbs Addeasbdbp dltfgebdla"+ Gks'axpebqua lbsâoakt qua eas praobars dgpbstas lirbdlbks k'lbakt

pls fâsbtâ% sgbt ê lnrâàr% sgbt l oghbibar el ibk hu hgduoakt+\ulkt lux dbkq âvíquas hgkt eas sb`klturas sgkt oaktbgkkâasaxprassâoakt% d'âtlbakt slks hguta eas dgoobsslbras dflr`âs harâhbàr el raquíta at h'l`br lu kgo ha eaur plrtb+ Be astl kgtarqua qultra h'aktra aux sgkt akdgra kgooâs hlks uka pbæda hadflkdaeearba dgooa âtlkt eas hâeâùâs has sdfbsoltbquas lu

dgkdbea h'Lreas'•

Be y l pgurtlkt% hlks datta ebsta ha kgos% ukagobssbgk nbak surpraklkta = gk ka s'axpebqua ùæra qua%plrob das hâeâùâs% ka ebùra pgbkt ea dfai hu plrtb% sgbt Olmg/rbkus% sgbt Hgklt+ \ugbqu'be ak sgbt% el âquíta akvgyâa ê Dgks/tlktbk ea <1 lvrbe 4<4 ast sóraoakt lutfaktbqua% slui pgur eas

haux harkbars ogts+ Aeea ast h'uka bopgrtlkda olmaura = pak/hlkt uk sbædea% aeea l sarvb ê dgkigkhra eas Hgkltbstas% qub sa

pelb`klbakt slks dassa ha e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar%

guneblkt qu'bes lvlbakt âtâ eas praobars ê sgeebdbtar datta

bktarvaktbgk+Eas lutras raquítas has hbssbhakts sgkt parhuas3 olbs kgus

ak dgkklbssgks ê pau præs ea dgktaku+ D'ast h'lngrh uk lppae&lppaeeltbg" dgktra el saktakda hu dgkdbea ha ^goa >

+ Yars el

ibk ha 4<4% Qk rlppgrt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Laelibus lkkgkàlqua eas sdfbsoltbquas prgtastlbakt dgktra e'lrrít has âvíquasrâukbs sgus el prâsbhakda hu plpa Obetblha 4

+ Tubvlkt Gptît%

e'lppae iut lhrassâ ê e'aoparaur plr Hgklt% dgkhlokâ parsgk/

kaeeaoakt plr ea dgkdbea ha ^goa% at havaku ea dfai hu plrtbhbssbhakt hapubs el ogrt ha Olmgrbkus-+ Dgkstlktbk eub/oíoarldgkta qua has sdfbsoltbquas vbkrakt ea trguvar pgur mustbibar

at sgutakbr e'lppae 1+ Hlks eaur prgtastltbgk% eas hbssbhakts

rakguvaelbakt eaurs lddusltbgks dgktra Dladbeblkus% dgktastlbakte'boplrtblebtâ has muàs% drbtbqulbakt el dgopgsbtbgk hu dgkdbeaat el prgdâhura+ Zaut/ítra k'bkdrbobklbakt/bes pls akdgra%dgooa bes ea ibrakt peus tlrh% el dgkhubta hu plpa Obetblha lutaops ha el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak @

3 olbs bes eub raprgdflbakthu ogbks ha s'ítra elbssâ `l`kar plr eaurs lhvarslbras% h'lvgbr

hbrb`â eas hânlts ak muà prâvaku+ Bes bksbstlbakt prbkdbplea/

<" Lppakhbx dXGptlt% k+ 6% p+ ><> ]bwsl+ 8" Gptît% B% >1+‘ Di+ Gptît% B% >>+ g" Lkpakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4+

>" Gptît% B% >13 Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4% 9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroa /

p+ >:13 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 0% >:3 14% kblkb% B% 1% <:3 Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <9%

>% +<3 09% >3 66% 43 <:1% >% T3 Ha uk'dg >0/>63 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 483 Lhnlptbsog% <9% >T+ ,;5mkle;sels pgst Dgeelb+% <4% <0+

4" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k + 4% p+ >:1+



>:6 EA H:KLX<TOA

oakt sur haux lrùoakts ha ilbt% qub k'âtlbakt pls slks vleaur =

bes lvlbakt haolkhâ has muàs `luegbs% at trgbs @luegbs sauea/

oakt lvlbakt sbâ`â lu dgkdbea 3 bes lvlbakt tgumgurs sgutaku quae'lttbtuha suspadta ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb egrs has parsâdutbgksrakhlbt kueea e'grhbkltbgk ha Dladbeblkus% at ea dgkdbea lvlbtaktbæraoakt elbssâ ha døtâ el parsgkklebtâ ha Iâebx'+

L el saktakda h'Lreas% eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks râpgkhbraktlussbtøt% vars el ibk ha e'âtâ ha 4<8% plr uk sadgkh lppae ê

e'aoparaur &lppaeeltbg"- + Bes hurakt rakgkdar datta igbs luxlrùoakts sârbaux qu'bes lvlbakt flnbeaoakt bkvgquâs dgktra

el hâdbsbgk hu dgkdbea prâdâhakt+ Bes ka pguvlbakt peus sapelbkhra ha el dgopgsbtbgk ha e'lssaoneâa% gò lvlbakt hgobkâeas @luegbs% gò âtlbakt raprâsaktâas prasqua tgutas eas prg/vbkdas h'Gddbhakt3 at e'bkkgdakda ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% lpræs ukprgdæs ak ræèa% lvlbt âtâ sgeakkaeeaoakt prgdeloâa ak Lirbquaplr ea trbnukle prgdgksuelbra+ Bes sa dgktaktærakt hgkd% saonea/t be% h'lddusar ha plrtblebtâ at ha dgrruptbgk eaurs kguvaluxmuàs% qub lurlbakt âtâ `l`kâs plr Dladbeblkus lvad el dgopebdbtâ

hutgut/pubsslkt

Fgsbus ha Dgrhgua4

+ Besdgktastærakt dltâ/`grbquaoakt el dgopâtakda has murbhbdtbgks addeâsblstbquas% at

prbærakt gu sgooærakt e'aoparaur h'âvgquar e'liilbra ê sgkprgpra trbnukle+

Tbx lks peus tlrh% lu hânut ha 4><% els ha el parsâdutbgkqu'lvlbakt hâdflëkâa el saktakda ha Dgkstlktbk at el egb sur el

dgkibsdltbgk has nlsbebquas% has âvgquas hgkltbstas% prgnlnea/oakt axbeâs% lhrassærakt ê e'aoparaur uka suppebqua &ebnaeeus" -+

Bes haolkhlbakt `rîda% olbs sur uk tgk nbak surpraklkt%at qub lurlbt rahguneâ el dgeæra ha parsâdutaurs ogbks hâdgu/rl`âs+ Das âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas sa pelb`klbakt has vbgeakdas%kblbs hlks uk elk`là prgpra ê ak prgvgquar ha kguvaeeas+Zlrelkt ê e'aoparaur eub/oøoa% bes sa hâdflëklbakt dgktraDladbeblkus% qu'bes lppaelbakt « sgk pgktbia% uk vlurbak ³

Slktbstbtb bpsbus Mbanbhgkb" 9+ Bes hâdelrlbakt flutaoakt qu'bes

âtlbakt hâdbhâs ê k'aktrar mlolbs ak dgooukbgk lvad ukplrabe sdâeârlt3 bes prâiârlbakt s'axpgsar akdgra ê tgus eas

dgups+ H'lbeeaurs% bes suppeblbakt Dgkstlktbk ha oattra ibk ê elparsâdutbgk% ha rlppaear eas axbeâs% h'lddgrhar el ebnartâ hu

<" Lppakhbx h'Gpelt% k+ 4% p+ >:+m 3 Lu/ 4| Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo e'lr/

ùstbk% Dgktrl Drasagkbuo% BBB% 9<% tb0 = oaktlkt'% B+ 1% <:3 6+ <4+

Ha ukbdg nlptbsog% <:%>63 Apbst% 09% 8" Dueelt+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 188 1803 Lu//s%4+ ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB+ ><% 42 ae

>" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 1 at 9+ Lu/ subv+ 3 Lh Hgklebsels pgst Dgeeît+% 4,%

ùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >% 83 84% 0% >: 3 14% >% 18= Apbst+ <8<% 2+

1 3 09% > 3 66% 4 3 <:1% >% V+ 1" Luùstbk% Bfavbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% ><% 42+




dueta lvad el rastbtutbgk has nlsbebquas at has nbaks dgkibsquâs+

Da qu'be y l h'axtrlgrhbklbra% da qub lttasta e'bopubsslkda hu`guvarkaoakt at el igrda hu Hgkltbsoa% d'ast qua datta suppebquabopartbkakta iut subvba ha e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda = tgut ak oluhbs/slkt el igeba akhblneâa has hbssbhakts% Dgkstlktbk eaur lddgrhlprasqua tgut da qu'bes haolkhlbakt <

+

Qk harkbar `rgupa ha hgduoakts dgoprakh has prgdæs/varnlux h'akquíta+ Da sgkt h'lngrh has pbædas raeltbvas lusâmgur ha Dladbeblkus at ha Hgkltus hlks el Fluta/Btleba ak 4<9-+

Eas haux plrtbas s'âtlkt hârgnâas prâdâhaooakt% Dgkstlktbk%râsgeu ê ak ibkbr% prbt sas prâdlutbgks = be olkhl eas haux prbk/dbplux bktârassâs% at eas ibt `lrhar ê vua% h'lngrh ê Nrasdbl%pubs ê Obelk+ D'ast sur da ilbt qua s'lppuylbakt peus tlrh eas

Hgkltbstas pgur sgutakbr qua Dladbeblkus lvlbt âtâ dgkhlokâ%pubs axbeâ gu aoprbsgkkâ plr grhra ha e'aoparaur'+ Gptîtdgkklbsslbt hbvarsas pbædas qub dgkdarklbakt da sâmgur akBtleba has haux âvíquas rbvlux ha Dlrtbelà% at qub plr subta sa

rlttldflbakt lu prgdæs ha Dladbeblkus havlkt ea trbnuklebopârble3 be lvlbt slks hguta bksârâ da hgssbar hlks el plrtba

qub ast lumgurh'fub parhua ha sgk Lppakhbx-+Be gk ast ha oøoa pgur uk lutra hgssbar = eas prgdæs/varnlux

ha e'akquíta ilbta ê Dlrtflà sur e'grhra ha e'aoparaur% vars ea

obebau ha 4<9% plr eas âvíquas Aukgobus at Geyopbus 1+ Gk

pelda grhbklbraoakt datta obssbgk lpræs el saktakda ha Dgkstlk/tbk% ê el ibk ha 4<9 gu ak 4<0 = fypgtfæsa nbak bkvrlbsaonelnea+\uaeea utbebtâ pguvlbt lvgbr uka kguvaeea akquíta âpbsdgplea%

lpræs el saktakda bopârblea7 Hæs egrs% âvbhaooakt% el quastbgkâtlbt trlkdfâa% be k'y lvlbt peus qu'ê ilbra axâdutar e'lrrít plreas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks = da iut e'gnmat ha el egb sur el dgkibs/

dltbgk has nlsbebquas+ Ea râdbt h'Gptlt% qub ast dgkius at paut/ítra letârâ gu outbeâ ê dat akhrgbt% ka igurkbt pls h'bkhbdltbgk

dfrgkgeg`bqua prâdbsa+ Olbs el subta eg`bqua has ilbts saoneabopgsar datta dgkdeusbgk% qua el obssbgk has âvíquas Aukg/obus at Geyopbus sa pelda hlks e'âtâ ha 4<9% lvlkt e'lrrít bopâ/rble+ Lu ogoakt gò e'gk bkstrubslbt ea prgdæs% Dgkstlktbk vgu/eut klturaeeaoakt ítra nbak raksab`kâ sur el sbtultbgk% at ilbra

uka kguvaeea taktltbva ha dgkdbebltbgk = h'gò el obssbgk has

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <<< % 182/11: 3 Lu/ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb % BBB% >:% 46 at

ùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% 23 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% subv+3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <9%

<<<% >>% 8: at subv+ 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst >: at subv+ 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 92%

Dgeeît+% 4<% 18 3 44% 19+ 6:= Dgktrl @luhakebuo% B% <<% <>3>" Gptît% B% >9+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 84% 0% Apbst+ <8<% 6+

>:3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >:% 46 at subv+ 8" Di+ Gptît% B% >9+

4_ Dgeeît+ Dlreflr%+% BBB% 144 at subv+3 1" Bfbh+% B% >9+

BY <8



><: EA HGKLXBTOA

âvíquas akquítaurs% akvgyâs ê Dlrtflà ak e'lnsakda ha Dladb/

eblkus at ha Hgkltus legrs ratakus hlks el Fluta/Btleba+ Aukg/obus at Geyopbus âtlbakt oukbs ha peabks pguvgbrs+ Bes havlbaktilbra uka akquíta dgopeæta at boplrtblea% sa oattra ak rlppgrtslvad eas haux plrtbs% dfardfar ê eas râdgkdbebar = pgur ildbebtar

e'aktakta% bes âtlbakt lutgrbsâs ê prgkgkdar sbouetlkâoakt el

hâpgsbtbgk ha Hgkltus at ha Dladbeblkus% libk ha eas raopeldarplr uk lutra âvíqua lddaptâ ha tgus+ El obssbgk âdfgul dgo/peætaoakt% plr el iluta has sdfbsoltbquas% qub râpgkhbraktlux taktltbvas ha dgkdbebltbgk plr el vbgeakda at plr e'âoauta+

Lu ngut ha qulrlkta mgurs% Aukgobus at Geyopbus qubttæraktDlrtflà% ak prgdelolkt qua e'âvíqua eâ`btboa âtlbt Dladbebl/

kus% radgkku tae plr eas dgkdbeas h'gutra/oar+ Eas prgdæs/var/nlux ha datta akquíta âpbsdgplea igrolbakt uk vgeuobkaux hgs/sbar% qua dgkklbsslbt Gptît% at qu'be lvlbt raprghubt hlks sgkLppakhbx+ Lumgurh'fub% bes kgus sgkt dgkkus saueaoakt plrquaequas eb`kas ha dat lutaur+ Gptît kgus l dgksarvâ hu ogbksuka plrtba ha el saktakda rakhua plr eas âvíquas = « E'Aèbsa

dltfgebqua% hbslbakt/bes% ast daeea qub ast râplkhua hlks eaogkha aktbar+ El saktakda rakhua mlhbs plr eas hbx/kaui âvíquas&hu dgkdbea ha ^goa" ka paut ítra dlssâa ³+ Lvlkt hâplrtbr% eas

âvíquas akquítaurs sa hâdelrærakt ak dgooukbgk lvad ea dear`âha Dladbeblkus'+

Lu oíoa `rgupa ha hgduoakts lpplrtbakkakt akdgra haux`rlkhs prgdæs/varnlux% bkibkboakt prâdbaux pgur e'fbstgbra hasgrb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa = eas Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% hgssbar hae'akquíta sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb ak 4<8-3 eas @astl lpuh ]akg/pfbeuo% prgdæs/varnle ha e'akquíta sur Tbevlkus haDgkstlktbka%ilbta ê Xflou`lhb ak 4>: plr ea `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba 4

+ Dashaux hgssbars sgkt eas pbædas olëtrassas has @astl pur`ltbgkbsDladbeblkb at Iaebdbs% hgkt kgus leegks plrear olbktaklkt+

Be

Eas @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs+ Ea hgssbar h'Gptlt+ ‘ Grb`bka ae

fbstgbra ha da raduabe+ ‘ âdgkstbtutbgk hu hgssbar dgopeat+ ‘ Eas Apbstuela hae'Lppakhbx h'Gptlt+ // Eas Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs+ / Zrgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfu/`kb+ ‘ Hlta ha e'akquíta+ ‘ Eldukas hu hgssbar+ ‘ Hgduoakts bksârâs guoaktbgkkâs hlks eas Ldtl+ ‘ Luhbakda h'Lntfu`kb+ ‘ Luhbakda f el durba ha

Dlrtflà+ luhbakda prgdgksuelbra hu <1 iâvrbar 4< 8+ ‘ Zfysbgkgoba ha das

luhbakdas+ ‘ Eas parsgkklàs ae eas hânlts+ ‘ Yleaur fbstgrbqua ha dasprgdæs/varnlux+ ‘ Eas @astl lpuh ]ækgpfbeuo+ Akquíta sur Tbevlkus% âvæquahgkltbsta ha Dgkstlktbkam ak 4>:+ ‘ Eldukas hu hgssbar+ •/ Hgduoakts dgktakus

<" Gptît% e% >ib+ •.;" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt h+ <% p+ <61+

>" Lppakhbx ê Gptlb% k+ >% p+ U'm~ ]bwsl,



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT <U <

hlks eas @astl+ ‘ Zbædas euas ê e'luhbakda+ ‘ Ea ebnaeeus hu hbldra Kukhbkl/rbks+ ‘ Eas eattras h'âvíquas kuobhas+ ‘ Eas bktarrg`ltgbras+ ‘ Zfysbgkgobaha e'luhbakda ha Xflou`lhb+ ‘ Bktârít fbstgrbqua at ebttârlbra ha das hgdu/oakts+

Hlks sgk `rlkh guvrlà dgktra Zlroakblkus% Gptît rakvgbasguvakt lux pbædas mustbibdltbvas h'uk Lppakhbda qu'be lvlbt mgbktê sgk ebvra% at qub âtlbt bktbtueâ @astl pur ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at

Iaebdbs-+ Grhbklbraoakt% Gptît sa ngrka ê râsuoar eas pbædas >3

plrigbs% be ak dbta taxtuaeeaoakt has plsslàs 4+ Dat Lppakhbda

kgus l âtâ dgksarvâ plrtbaeeaoakt hlks uk olkusdrbt h'Gptlt =

uk olkusdrbt dâeænra% qub l egk`taops lpplrtaku ê e'lnnlya haTlbkt/Zlue ha Dgroary &hbgdæsa ha Xgurs"% at qub ast lumgur/h'fub ê el Nbnebgtfæqua kltbgklea ha Zlrbs'+ Ea raduabe% ole/faurausaoakt bkdgopeat at outbeâ% dgoprakh akdgra hbx hgduoakts% qub tgus sgkt raeltbis lux grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa% at

hgkt eas haux prbkdbplux dgktbakkakt aux/oíoas h'lssaz kgo/nrausas pbædas+ Gk l vbdtgrbausaoakt hâogktrâ e'lutfaktbdbtâ

ha tgus das hgduoakts 3 gk l radgkstbtuâ ea dgktaku hu raduabe%

hgkt gk l olrquâ kattaoakt e'grb`bka at e'fbstgbra'+ Kgus kaparhrgks pls kgtra taops ê radgooakdar uka hâogkstrltbgkqub l âtâ nbak ilbta% at hgkt el dgkdeusbgk sarlbt bhaktbqua% sluipgur el hlta ha dartlbkas pbædas+ Kgus kgus dgktaktargks harâsuoar nrbævaoakt eas hgkkâas ha O/ < ' Hudfaska sur el igrol/tbgk at eas hastbkâas hu raduabe% pgur lrrbvar ea peus vbta pgs/sbnea ê e'âtuha hâtlbeeâa has haux `rlkhs hgssbars muhbdblbras

qua kgus l dgksarvâs ak plrtba e'Lppakhbda h'Gptlt = eas Ldtl

pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs at eas @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo+Nbak has lkkâas lvlkt qu'Gptît âdrbvët sgk guvrlà &dgopgsâvars 499"% gk l igroâ ak Lirbqua% pgur eas nasgbks ha el dgk/trgvarsa dltfgebqua% uk raduabe ha hgduoakts gò âtlbakt râukbashas pbædas prgpras ê âtlnebr el eâ`btbobtâ ha Dladbeblkus dgooaâvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ Da raduabe ka paut ítra lktârbaur ê 44: =

be s'guvra plr eas @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% hltâs hu 6 hâdaonra4>:% at sa tarobka plr uka eattra ha Dgkstlktbk âdrbta ea 1 iâvrbar

44:+ H'lutra plrt% be âtlbt hâmê lkdbak lu taops h'Gptlt 3 be kapaut ùæra ítra pgstârbaur ê e'lkkâa 480% hlta ha Eahbt ha Dgks/tlkt qub supprbol e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ Ea raduabe plrlbt hgkdlvgbr âtâ dgopgsâ aktra 44: at 480 9

+

Be âtlbt bktbtueâ @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs+ Datbtra ast kattaoakt bkhbquâ hlks RAxpebdbt hu olkusdrbt% gò gk

<" Gptît% <% <8= <2/>:3 >>/>0+ bxº sbædea+

>3 enbh+% <% >:3 >43 >9+ 1" Hudfaska% Ea Hgssbar hu Hgklebsoa4" enbh+% B% <4/<83 <23 >>3 >8/>13 >0/ &fgoa% <62: <

% p+ 1 at subv+

8M Dgh+ Zlrbs+ <0<< &? Dgenart+ <2+m<"3 9" enbh+% p+ 8< at 91+



><> EA HGKLXBTOA

ebt = « Bdb sa tarobkakt e'guvrlà ha e'âvgqua slbkt Gptît% ak saptebvras% at eas @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb apbsdgpb at Iaeb/

dbs+++ ""'+

Da raduabe% havaku vbta pgpuelbra% l âtâ utbebsâ kgk sauea/

oakt plr Gptît% qub ea mgb`kbt ê sgk guvrlà% olbs akdgra plrLuùstbk hlks sas pgeâobquas dgktra eas Hgkltbstas% at plr eas

lvgdlts/olkhltlbras ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua ê el Dgkiârakda ha8<</+ Be axbsta akdgra% olbs bkdgopeat% ê el subta ha e'guvrlàhGptlt% hlks ea olkusdrbt ha Dgroary+ Xgutas eas pbædas hgktbe sa dgopgsa sgkt sóraoakt lutfaktbquas'+

Eas eldukas hu olkusdrbt sgkt dgksbhârlneas+ Kgus ka pgssâ/hgks peus qua ea dgooakdaoakt at el ibk hu raduabe = ukangkka plrtba ha el praobæra pbæda% eas @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo

3

ea taxta has Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% ogbks ea hânut3 fubt

eattras% hgkt sbx ha Dgkstlktbk+ Faurausaoakt% eas dbtltbgks guleeusbgks h'Gptlt% h'Luùstbk% has prgdæs/varnlux ha 8<<%paroattakt ha hâtarobkar lvad lssaz ha prâdbsbgk quaeeas pbædasibùrlbakt hlks el `rlkha elduka hu obebau '-+

Ygbdb% saonea/t/be% quaeea âtlbt el dgopgsbtbgk has @astlpur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs+ Ea raduabe prbobtbi dgopraklbthaux plrtbas = el Zur`ltbg Dladbeblkb% el Zur`ltbg Iaebdbs+ Hlks el

praobæra plrtba sa suddâhlbakt = eas @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo%prgdæs/varnle ha e'akquíta sur Tbevlkus ha Dgkstlktbka% ilbta

ê Xflou`lhb ea 6 hâdaonra 4>:3 ea Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl% hu1 olrs 4:."% raeltbi ê e'grhbkltbgk âpbsdgplea hu oíoa Tbevlkus 3

eas Ldtas hu dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ê Dlrtflà% ak 4<>3 ea

^lppgrt hu prgdgksue Lkkebkus ê Dgkstlktbk% hltâ hu <1 lvrbe

4<43 el âquíta has hbssbhakts% qub âtlbt mgbkta ê da ^lppgrt3el eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu plpa Obetblha% sur el dgkvgdltbgk hudgkdbea3 ea sadgkh ^lppgrt hu prgdgksue Lkkebkus% lkkgkàlkte'akvgb has haux plrtbas3 eas Ldtas hu dgkdbea ha Fgoa3 eas

pbædas raeltbvas lu sâmgur ha Dladbeblkus at ha Hgkltus% hlks el

Fluta/Btleba% ak 4<93 ea prgdæs varnle ha e'akquíta ilbta ê

Dlrtflà% el oíoa lkkâa% plr eas âvæquas Aukgobus at Gevbk/pbus3 el eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Auoaebus%

hltâa hu <: kgvaonra 4<9% at kgtbiblkt el saktakda bopârblea 6 +

El Zur`ltbg Iaebdbs% naludgup ogbks vgeuobkausa% saonealvgbr dgktaku saueaoakt trgbs pbædas = ea ^lppgrt hu prgdgksueAeblkus% lkkgkàlke 3b e'aoparaur ea râsuetlt ha e'akquíta3 el

eattra gò Dgkstlktbk grhgkklbt lu prgdgksue Zrgnblkus ha eub

<" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% p+ ><9 ]bwsl+ 4" Hudfaska% Bnbh+% p+ bk at 99+

>" Hudfaska% Ea Hgssbar hu Hgkl Qsbka% 8" Bnbh+% p+ <: de subv+

p+ 9/>4 ae 91+ 1" eekh+% p+ <>+





><8 EA HGKLXBTOA

lu oíoa `guvarkaur &bkstrudtbgks sur ea ratgur ak Lirbquahas âvæquas hbssbhakts% lpræs ea dgkdbea h'Lreas" '

3 eattra lhrassâa

plr Dgkstlktbk% vars 4>>% lux Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% pgur eas

axfgrtar ê el pltbakda akvars eas Hgkltbstas- 3 râpgksa ha e'ao/

paraur ê gkza âvíquas dltfgebquas ha Kuobhba% lu sumat ha el

nlsbebqua ha Dgkstlktbka at has booukbtâs hu dear`â &1 iâvrbar

44: 4"+ ‘ Be ast ê kgtar qua% slui eas haux harkbæras% tgutas eas

eattras ha da raduabe sa rlppgrtakt peus gu ogbks hbradtaoaktlu dgkdbea h'Lreas% at% plr subta% lux akquítas sur Dladbeblkus

ha Dlrtflà at Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+

E'lutfaktbdbtâ ha peusbaurs ha das eattras l âtâ vbvaoakt dgk/tastâa+ Lssurâoakt% e'gk y raeæva plrigbs uk tgk qub surprakh%has axprassbgks bklttakhuas% gò e'gk paut sgupàgkkar quaequasbktarpgeltbgks ha hâtlbe = akdgra ilut/be ítra træs pruhakt sur da

pgbkt% dlr gk trguvarlbt e'âqubvleakt hlks eas eattras dgksarvâasplr Ausæna% at hlks dartlbks rasdrbts hu Dgha Xfâghgsbak+ Aktgut dls% eas fubt eattras hu olkusdrbt ha Dgroary% dgksbhârâashlks eaur aksaonea at hlks eaur hastbkltbgk% plrlbssakt lutfak/

tbquas3aeeas

s'lddgrhaktnbak

lvadda

qua kgus slvgks hae'fbs/

tgbra hu taops 8+ Da qub rasta hbiibdbea ê axpebquar% d'ast el pelda

qu'aeeas gddupakt hlks ea olkusdrbt% ê el subta has @astl pur/yltbgkbs = aeeas havrlbakt sa trguvar ê eaur rlk` dfrgkgeg`bqua%hlks ea dgrps has @astl+ Gk ast gneb`â ha suppgsar% gu qu'aeeas

ibùrlbakt hlks ea hgssbar prbobtbi at gkt âtâ ramatâas ê el ibk

pgur uka rlbsgk quaedgkqua% gu qu'aeeas gkt âtâ lmgutâas peustlrh+

El praobæra fypgtfæsa ka s'lddgrha kb lvad eas hgkkâas huolkusdrbt kb lvad ea tâogb`klà has dgktaopgrlbks+ Eas Apbs/tuela sgkt oaktbgkkâas hlks RAxpebdbt hu olkusdrbt h'Gptlt%

olbs h'uka ilàgk sbkùebæra at sb`kbibdltbva+ Ygbdb e'bkhbdltbgk

dgopeæta hu olkusdrbt = « Axpebdbukt s&lk"d&t"b Gptltb ap&bsdgp b

ebnrb kuoârg Ybe% vae @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb ap&bsdgp"bat Iaebdbs grhbkltgrbs amushao% kadkgk Apbstgel Dgkstlktbk,boparltgrbs+ Loak ³

1+ Gk hgbt âvbhaooakt dgrrbàr Apbstgel

ak Apbstgela% at lhoattra qua eas ogts Apbstgela Dgkstlkt} kb

boparltgrbs hâsb`kakt tgut ea `rgupa has Apbstgela hu olkus/drbt = sur eas fubt eattras% sbx% hgkt el praobæra at el har/kbæra% sgkt ha Dgkstlktbk+ Das patbtas bkaxldtbtuhas% qub s'ax/

pebquakt lbsâoakt plr has kâèbàkdas ha dgpbîtas% ka sui/

ibsakt pls ê liilbnebr el vleaur hu tâogb`klà+ Gr% Raxpebdbt ast

< Libpatutb r h'Gptlt% k+ s+ p+ >Ub+ b" Hudfaska% Ea Hgssbar hu Hgklebsoa%> Bnbh+% bb+ 2% p+ ><>+ p+ >4/8:+

4" Bnbh+% u+ <:% p+ ><4+ 1" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% p+ î,9 ]bwsl+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT ><1

igroae = dgooa ea olkusdrbt eub/oíoa% be hbstbkùa kattaoakt

aktra eas Apbstuela at eas @astl pur`ltbgkbs+ Datta hbstbkdtbgkk'l pu ítra bol`bkâa plr eas dgpbstas hu Ogyak Là% qub b`kg/rlbakt hâmê el takaur at el peus `rlkha plrtba hu hgssbar = aeea

raogkta sóraoakt træs flut+ Hæs e'grb`bka% dgooa hlks ea

olkusdrbt ha Dgroary% eas Apbstuela havlbakt ítra ak hafgrshas @astl prgpraoakt hbts+ ^bak ka ilbt suppgsar qu'aeeas ylbakt mlolbs âtâ bksârâas ê eaur pelda dfrgkgeg`bqua+

D'ast da qub râsueta â`leaoakt hu tâogb`klà has dgktao/pgrlbks = tâogb`klà prasqua kâ`ltbi ak da qub dgkdarka eas

Apbstuela+ \ugbqu'gk lhoatta `âkârleaoakt ea dgktrlbra% kgushgutgks igrt qu'Gptît eas lbt dgkkuas = lutraoakt% be k'lurlbt pub`kgrar e'axbstakda at ea røea hu dgkdbea h'Lreas% hgkt be k'y lpls trlda delks sgk râdbt+ Be l saueaoakt eu plr flslrh% â`lrâahlks quaequa nbnebgtfæqua% e'uka ha das pbædas% el eattra haDgkstlktbk lu dgkdbea h'Lreas% eattra gò ka ibùra pls ea kgoh'Lreas'+ Gr% be l ole dgoprbs ea hgduoakt% at e'l rlppgrtâ êe'lppae qub subvbt ea dgkdbea ha ^goa >

+ Datta `rgssa oâprbsa

âtlbt lnsgeuoakt bopgssbnea pgur uk fgooa qub lurlbt auaktra eas olbks tgut ea hgssbar has Apbstuela% gò el vbeea h'Lreasast kgooâa ê peusbaurs raprbsas 4

+ Ha oíoa% Luùstbk l pudgkklëtra hbradtaoakt% plr has lrdfbvas% eas eattras ha Dgks/tlktbk ê Aelibus at lu dgkdbea h'Lreas'3 olbs be k'l pls hó dgk/suetar e'aksaonea hu raduabe has Apbstuela% slks qugb be lurlbt

au olbkta igbs e'gddlsbgk ha dbtar eas lutras pbædas+

Gk vgbt dgonbak el quastbgk ast dgopeaxa+ Be kgus plrlët ê

pau præs dartlbk qua eas Apbstuela ka ilbslbakt pls plrtba huhgssbar prbobtbi has @astl pur`ltbgkbs% qu'aeeas gkt âtâ lmgutâaspeus tlrh+ Olbs% ê quaeea âpgqua7 D'ast da qua kgus ka slu/rbgks lumgurh'fub hâtarobkar lvad prâdbsbgk = slks hguta% varsea taops h'Luùstbk+ H'lbeeaurs% dat Lppakhbda ha <

3'Lppakhbdah'Gptlt plrlët lvgbr âtâ sguvakt gobs plr eas dgpbstas at rlra/

oakt utbebsâ plr eas pgeâobstas+ Be k'ak l pls ogbks trlvarsâeas sbædeas `rîda lu olkusdrbt ha Dgroary+

Olbs% hapubs e'grb`bka% be l dflk`â ha pfysbgkgoba+ Lu hânut%

eas eattras âtlbakt raebâas plr uk râdbt% hgkt be rasta has trldasaktra eas pbædas% hlks has nguts ha pfrlsa trlksdrbts oldfbkl/eaoakt plr eas dgpbstas.+ Zeus tlrh% datta dgopbeltbgk l sunb

hbvars raolkbaoakts+ Gk l supprboâ el klrrltbgk% slui quae/

ea Lppakhbx h'Gpelt% k+ 1% p+ >:6+ 8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 0% >:3 14% >% 13

>" Gptît% B% >1+ ‘ Di+ B% >4+ <:1% >% 6+

4" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% u+ 4% p+ >:13 k+ 8% 1" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k 8% p+ >:6+ ‘p+ >:03 k+ 6% p+ ><>+ Di+ bnbh+% p+ >:9 3 ><:/><4+



><9 EA HGKLXBTOA

quas eb`kas gunebâas plr oâ`lrha+ Gk l oíoa lnrâ`â dartlbkas

pbædas% kgtlooakt el eattra hu dgkdbea h'Lreas= eattra bkdgo/peæta hlks ea olkusdrbt h'Gptlt% dgooa e'bkhbqua h'lbeeaurs ukat datarl <

+

Lbksb% kgk saueaoakt eas Apbstuela gkt âtâ lmgutâas lpræsdgup lu hgssbar lpgeg`âtbqua% olbs aeeas gkt au uka hastbkâabkhâpakhlkta ha daeea has @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs+

Be ast oíoa pgssbnea% lumgurh'fub akdgra% ha hâoíear el paksâahu deard lirbdlbk qub l aktraprbs ha dgopgsar da raduabe suppeâ/oaktlbra+ Gk sa sguvbakt qua ea hgssbar has @astl pur`ltbgkbs

prâsakta uka surpraklkta elduka% qub dgrraspgkh ê uka eldukahu râdbt h'Gptlt = gobssbgk dgopeæta has Ldtas hu dgkdbeah'Lreas+ Gr% sur eas fubt eattras hu raduabe has Apbstuela% sbx sa

rlppgrtakt hbradtaoakt gu bkhbradtaoakt lu dgkdbea h'Lreas >+

Be saonea hgkd qu'uk deard lirbdlbk% prgnlneaoakt lu taopsh'Luùstbk% lbt vgueu dgonear el `rlkha elduka hu hgssbar lpg/eg`âtbqua ha Dladbeblkus = pgur dael% be l raduabeeb eas prbkdb/

pleas pbædas raeltbvas ê e'bktarvaktbgk hu dgkdbea h'Lreas hlkse'liilbra hu Hgkltbsoa% be l raebâ das pbædas plr uk dgurt râdbt%

be ak l ilbt uka sgrta ha suppeâoakt lux @astl+ Dgooa da

sadgkh Lppakhbda rakiarolbt surtgut has eattras ha Dgkstlktbk%gk y l akdgra lmgutâ peus tlrh haux lutras eattras hu oíoaaoparaur 4

+ Olbs el rlbsgk h'ítra hu raduabe kguvalu âtlbt hadgopeâtar ea hgssbar ha Dladbeblkus at ha Iâebx% ak y lkkaxlktuka sârba ha hgduoakts sur ea dgkdbea h'Lreas+ Gk s'axpebqua

nbak lbksb% at qua eas Apbstuela lbakt âtâ lmgutâas lpræs dguplux @astl pur`ltbgkbs% at qua da sadgkh Lppakhbda lbt âtâ sgu/

vakt mgbkt lu praobar% olbs ak sgbt tgumgurs rastâ hbstbkdt+

Ygbeê da qua Xgk paut hbra lumgurh'fub ha dartlbk gu ha vrlb/

saonelnea sur e'grb`bka at e'fbstgbra hu hgssbar h'Gptlt% sur el

dgopgsbtbgk ha da raduabe% sur ea rlppgrt has Apbstuela hg e'Lp/

pakhbda lvad el dgeeadtbgk prbobtbva+ El peuplrt has hgduoaktsqub igrolbakt ea hgssbar lpgeg`âtbqua gkt âtâ prâdâhaooaktâtuhbâs 8

+ << kgus rasta saueaoakt ê plrear has haux pbædas prbk/dbpleas = eas Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs at eas @astl lpuh ]akg/

pfbeuo+Ea prgdæs ha e'âvíqua Iâebx iut% lvlkt tgut% uka akquíta prâl/elnea gu dgopeâoaktlbra% hastbkâa ê âdelbrar e'gpbkbgk punebquaae el dgksdbakda has oaonras hu iutur dgkdbea h'Lreas sur el

eâ`btbobtâ ha Dladbeblkus dgooa âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ Gk slbt

dgooake da Iâebx lttbrl sur eub% slks y sgkàr% el flbka has

U" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 8% p+ >:6+ 4" Lppohbx h'Gptlt% u+ 2/<:% p+ ><>/><4%>" Bnbh+% k+ 4/6% p+ >:8/><>+ 8" Ygyaz peus flut% § B+




hbssbhakts lirbdlbks+ Be âtlbt âvíqua h'uka patbta vbeea gnsdura%hgkt ea kgo% egk`taops hâibùrâ% l pu ítra rastbtuâ at ibxâ hakgs mgurs `rîda lux hâdguvartas âpb`rlpfbquas = el vbeea h'Ln/tfu`kb% e'Lptuk`l gu e'Lutuokl has olkusdrbts% qub gdduplbte'aopeldaoakt ha el egdlebtâ ogharka h'Fakdebbr As/Tgulr% at

qub âtlbt sbtuâa delks el prgvbkda ha Nyzldæka% olbs tgut præs

ha el irgktbæra ha Zrgdgksuelbra'+ Ak 4<<% ê el ogrt ha Oak/surbus% Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb s'âtlbt klturaeeaoakt rakhu ê Dlrtflàpgur e'âeadtbgk hu kguvalu dfai ha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka = âeadtbgk

gò% subvlkt e'uslà% el dgoouklutâ egdlea mgulbt sauea uk røealdtbi% olbs sgus ea dgktrøea has âvíquas vgbsbks Hæs qua ea

dfgbx has Dlrtfl`bkgbs sa iut pgrtâ sur e'lrdfbhbldra Dladb/

eblkus% gk hâdbhl ha nrusquar e'grhbkltbgk pgur lrrítar dar/

tlbkas bktrbùas+ Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb dgoptlbt slks hguta plrobeas hgyaks hu `rgupa has âvíquas prâsakts = lvad haux dge/

eæùas has akvbrgks ha Dlrtflà% Ilustbkus ha Xfunurng at

Kgvaeeus ha Xyzbdl >% be prgdâhl lussbtøt ê el dgksâdrltbgk ha

Dladbeblkus 1+ Be hut vbta ra`rattar h'lvgbr âtâ ê e'fgkkaur da

mgur eê+

Eas akkaobs hu kguvae âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% dfardflkt has

rlbsgks spâdbausas pgur ilbra dlssar e'âeadtbgk% dgooakdæraktê râplkhra ea nrubt qua e'grhbkltbgk âtlbt kueea ê dlusa ha e'bk/

hb`kbtâ has trgbs âvíquas qub y lvlbakt prâsbhâ = das dgksâdrl/taurs hu prâtakhu dfai ha e'Aèbsa lirbdlbka âtlbakt% hbslbt/gk%

has trlëtras qub lvlbakt dlpbtueâ havlkt eas plçaks lu taopshas parsâdutbgks ha Hbgdeâtbak-+ Gk leeâùlbt el rakgooâa3 gkprghubslbt oíoa% saonea/t/be% ha ilux hgduoakts% has @astlpunebdl lttastlkt el trlfbsgk 1

+ Gk s'ldflrkl surtgut% kgus kaslvgks pgurqugb% dgktra Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+ Eas hbssbhakts e'lt/

tlquærakt vbgeaooakt% ak 4<>% hlks eaur dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà 9+

Bes ka hurakt pls ea oâklàr hlvlktlà hlks ea râqubsbtgbra

qu'bes raobrakt lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus% at qua daeub/db trlksobtê e'aoparaur ea <1 lvrbe 4<4 0

+ \uaequas ogbs peus tlrh% eas `rbais

dgktra Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb igurkbrakt lux sdfbsoltbquas eaur prbk/

<" Nuee+ lrdc+ hu Dgobtâ has trlv+fbstgr+% <624% p+ >>9+ ‘ Di+ Ileeu ha Eas/sart% Oâogbras has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda

%

t+ EV &<622"% p+ <0 at subv+

>" << s'l`bt prgnlneaoakt ha el vbeea haXfbzbcl% hgkt ea kgo axldt at e'aopelda/oakt vbakkakt h'ítra hâtarobkâs plr el

hâdguvarta h'uka bksdrbptbgk% oaktbgkklktea Oukbdbpbuo LAebuo Xfbzbcl% ê Fak/dfbr/Xaaf`l% 9 cbegoætras lu Tuh ha Ol/taur &Oarebk% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has

trlv+ fbstgr+% <2<:% p+ ddxxxvk"+4" Gptît% B% <63 Luùstbk% Lh Hgkltbs/

tls pgst Dgeeît+% >>% 46+

8" Gptît% B% <2/>: 3 Luùstbk% Lh Hgkl/ebstls pgst Dgeeît+% >>% 46+

1" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8%

>9+

9" Gptît% <% >: 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 43Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 9<% 90 3 Nravbd+Dgeelb+% BBB% <8% >9+

03 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 8% <4+



><6 EA HGKLXBTOA

dbple lrùoakt dgktra el saktakda hu Dgkdbea ha ^goa = sak/

takda plrtblea at kueea% hbslbt/gk% plrda qua eas muàs lvlbaktkâèb`â eas lddusltbgks elkdâas dgktra eas dgksâdrltaurs haDladbeblkus <

+ Lussb% hæs qua e'aoparaur aut raàu at lddaptâe'lppae has hbssbhakts% be grhgkkl h'guvrbr uka akquíta sur ea

dls ha e'âvíqua Iâebx >+

Nbak qua datta akquíta lbt âtâ oakâa lssaz vbvaoakt% ea

prgdæs ha Iâebx ast dgopeaxa+ Be iut pgrtâ suddassbvaoakthavlkt peusbaurs murbhbdtbgks3 gu peutøt% e'luhbakda hâdbsbva iut

prâdâhâa h'lutras luhbakdas gò h'lutras ol`bstrlts lvlbakt

dgooakdâ e'bkstrudtbgk+ Dgkstlktbk dflràl ha e'liilbra ea

vbdlbra h'Lirbqua +Aebus Zluebkus% ha qub hâpakhlbt elNyzldæka 4+

Da igkdtbgkklbra âtlkt tgonâ olelha% e'aoparaur dgkibl e'bk/

târbo lu `guvarkaur ha el prgvbkda vgbsbka% d'ast ê/hbra ha el

Zrgdgksuelbra+ D'ast lbksb qua ea prgdgksue [Ãeblkus% plr ukalkgoleba lssaz rlra% iut loakâ ê bkstruoaktar fgrs ha sl dbr/

dgksdrbptbgk% ê bkstrubra at muàr ea prgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 8+

Be y aut trgbs luhbakdas suddassbvas% havlkt has ol`bstrlts hbi/

iârakts=

uka praobæra luhbakda havlkteas

huuovbrs h'Ln/tfu`kb 1% uka sadgkha ê el durba ha Dlrtflà 1

% el harkbæra lutrbnukle prgdgksuelbra .'+ Be ast prgnlnea qua el dgopeaxbtâ hadatta prgdâhura s'axpebqua tgut sbopeaoakt plr eas fâsbtltbgks

ha Dgkstlktbk+ E'aoparaur plrlbt s'ítra prgpgsâ h'lngrh hamuàr eub/oíoa% ak Btleba% e'liilbra ha Iâebx+ Dgooa dartlbks

tâogbks% ak rlbsgk ha eaur îà% ka pguvlbakt aktraprakhra ea

vgylà 6% gk prbt has oasuras pgur ilbra raduabeebr ak Lirbqua

eaur hâpgsbtbgk = h'gò eas dgoplrutbgks ê el durba h'Lntfu`kb%at eas bktarrg`ltgbras ê el durba ha Dlrtflà+ Eas hgssbarsleelbakt ítra akvgyâs ak Btleba% qulkh e'aoparaur sa rlvbsl at

hâeâùl tgus sas pguvgbrs lu prgdgksue +Ieblkus = ha eê% dasprgdæs/varnlux h'bktarrg`ltgbras lktârbaurs% hgkt gk hgkkleadtura ê e'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra M

+ E'liilbra sa tarobkl plr el

saktakda hu prgdgksue% qub prgdelol e'aktbæra bkkgdakda haIâebx% at qub lhrassl lussbtøt sgk rlppgrt ê ^goa <:

+ Zeus tlrh%

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% @e% Q0 = Ha Apbît+ 66% 8+

ukbdg nlpebsog% <9% >6 3 Apbst+ 66% 4+ y" Ldel pur`lebgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <20/

>" Gptît% B% >03 Luùstbk% Ha ukbdg <26]bUvsl+nlptbog% <9% >6+ 9" Bnbh+% p+ <26/>::+

4" Gptît% B% >0 &dgkiusbgk aktra ea vbdlbra 0" Bnbh+% p+ <20/>:'-+

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+

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h'Fbppgka bkhbqulbt% lvad el prâdbsbgk h'uk fbstgrbak sór ha eub%

el hlta ha el harkbæra luhbakda hu prgdæs ha Iâebx = « Ea prg/dgksue MÃeblkus% hbt/be% l aktakhu el dlusa ha Iâebx sgus ea dgk/suelt ha Ygeusblkus at h'Lkkblkus% ea <1 has dleakhas ha Olrs&? <1 iâvrbar 4<8"% d'ast/ê/hbra akvbrgk qultra ogbs lpræs &ea

dgkdbea ha ^goa hu > gdtgnra 4<4"8

+ ³

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prâlonuea ha e'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra ast olefaurausaoaktparhu3 olbs% hlks datta sâlkda% gk hgkkl eadtura hu prgdæs/varnle h'uka luhbakda lktârbaura% daeea ha el durba ha Dlrtflà%qub lurlbt au ebau « sgus ea dgksuelt ha Ygeusblkus at h'Lk/kblkus% ea <8 has dleakhas ha saptaonra ³ &?<2 lgót 4< 8"^bak% hbt/gk% ka slurlbt prâvlegbr dgktra ea tâogb`klà h'ukhgduoakt grb`bkle+ Hgkd% Luùstbk s'ast trgopâ% sbkgk sur ea

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<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 8 3 Dgktrl Dras/ ha Eassart% Ilstas has prgvbkdas lirb/dgkbuo% <<<% 0:% 6<+ dlbkas% t+ Be% p+ <91 at subv+ ‘ O+ Olr/

>" Xbeeaogkt% Oâogbras sur e'fbstgbra trgya &@aksârbd% Zlrbs% <2:0% p+ <8 at 464/addeâsbls tbqua% t+ YB% p+ 0:83 Ogrdaeeb% 466" hâiakh el hlta trlhbtbgkkaeea hu <1 iâ/

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4" Taadc% ]abtsdfrbit iur Cbrdfakàs/ 1" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <26dfbdfta% t+ V &<662"% p+ 1:23 Hudfaska% ]bwsl+Ea Hgssbar hu Hgklebsoa% p+ 9: 3 e'leeu



>>: EA HGKLXBTOA

hlta dgksuelbra ha e'luhbakda aeea/oíoa% at sgk liibroltbgkarrgkâa ka hgbt pls kgus aopídfar ha suppgsar qua el saktakdahu prgdgksue +Aeblkus ast hu <1 iâvrbar 4<1+

Kgus lvgks pabka ê lddaptar datta axpebdltbgk+ Ea tâogb`klàh'Luùstbk ast lnsgeuoakt igroae% at dgkibroâ plr h'lutrastaxtas gò% s'lttldflkt ê olrquar el subta has âvâkaoakts% ea

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dfrgkgeg`ba+ Be hgkka bdb ea râsuetlt h'uka akquíta lpprgigkhba%gò be lvlbt dgoplrâ eub oíoa% kgus hbt/be% eas hltas dgksuelbrashas pbædas grb`bkleas% qub k'âtlbakt pls legrs outbeâas dgooalumgurh'fub'+ Ak títa hu prgdæs/varnle ha e'luhbakda prgdgk/suelbra% be l eu ha sas yaux el hlta qua kgus dfardfgks% at qu'be

kgus bkhbqua slks el ogbkhra fâsbtltbgk+ Nrai% el `rgssbæraoâprbsa qu'gk eub lttrbnua ast dgopeætaoakt bkvrlbsaonelnea+

Zubsqu'be y l arraur h'uk døtâ gu ha e'lutra% at qu'Luùstbk

bdb k'l pu sa trgopar% gk ast loakâ ê sgupàgkkar uka nâvua hadgpbsta% uka letârltbgk hlks ea taxta has Ldtlpur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs+

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= be ast âvbhakt qua e'aktíta hu hgduoakt l sguiiart

ha el kâèbàkda has dgpbstas+ Ak lhoattlkt oíoa qua el hltadgksuelbra rastbtuâa plr eas âhbtaurs sgbt axldta% gk paut sa

haolkhar sb e'bkhbdltbgk hu mgur k'ast pls letârâa+ Qka dgkiu/sbgk ast pgssbnea hlks ea kgo hu ogbs% qua eas sdrbnas âdrbvlbakt

`âkârleaoakt ak lnrâ`â+ Qka dgrradtbgk træs sbopea supprboa/rlbt tguta hbiibduetâ = eas bktarrg`ltgbras ê el durba ha Dlrtbelàlurlbakt au ebau% kgk ea <2 lgót% olbs ea <2 mlkvbar 4<8.+

El eg`bqua has ilbts saonea mustbibar datta dfrgkgeg`ba at

hgkkar peabkaoakt rlbsgk ê Luùstbk+ Lpræs el saktakda hudgkdbea ha Fgoa &> gdtgnra 4<4"% eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks prg/tastærakt ak hâdelrlkt nbak flut qua eas muàs lvlbakt kâèb`â

ea dls ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+ Hgkd% lvlkt ha dgkvgquar uk kgu/valu dgkdbea% e'aoparaur hut grhgkkar e'akquíta sur Iâebx3 ae

eas râsuetlts ha datta akquíta igurkbrakt ea ilbt kguvalu qub

<" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% >8% &taonras" gu <2 lgót &bnbh+% p+ <2T"% ebra

+/ Apbst+ <8<% <<+ ‘ Di+ â trldt+% Be% VBBB CLE&akhls" ICN &rul k0w" gu <2 mlk/

bçl at 9:++ vbar+ Gu s'axpebqua lbsâoakt el dgkiusbgk

>" Ldel pur`lbbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <26+ ha B lvad T% ae ha e; lvad F+

4" Lu ebau 'ha Obe CLESakhls" TA<;/





<<< EA HGKLXBTOA

has @astl Dgeeltbgkbs ha 8<< -+ H'lbeeaurs% ea hgssbar prâsakta

h'bopgrtlktas eldukas+ Tur eas haux pbædas qub lvad eas Ldtl

dgkstbtulbakt el Zur ` lhg Iaebdbs% uka sauea kgus ast aktbæra/oakt dgkkua% el eattra ê Zrgnblkus% hgkt Luùstbk kgus ltrlksobs ea taxta >

3 ea rlppgrt hu prgdgksue +Aeblkus ast parhu'+Eas Ldtl oíoas% d'ast/ê/hbra eas prgdæs/varnlux has luhbakdas%sgkt outbeâs = ea hânut olkqua% at peus egbk e'gk dgkstlta nbakh'lutras eldukas% oøoa has gobssbgks vgegktlbras+ Be ast prg/nlnea qu'uk dgpbsta l vgueu lnrâàr ea hgduoakt% kgk slksolelhrassa% kgk slks dgoprgoattra plrigbs el delrtâ hu taxta+

Da dgpbsta plrlët s'ítra prgpgsâ surtgut ha hâdgupar% hlks e'ak/saonea hu hgssbar% tgut da qub dgkdarklbt at hâogktrlbt ea iluxh'Bkàktbus+ Kgus dgkklbssgks bkhbradtaoakt ea dgktaku hapeusbaurs has plsslàs supprboâs+ Gptît at xLóùstbk oaktbgk/kakt hbvars bktarrg`ltgbras hgkt gk ka trguva pls trlda hlksea hgssbar ldcbae = bktarrg`ltgbras hu dakturbgk Tuparbus% haDeluhbus Tlturblkus gu Tlturkbkus% uk lkdbak durltgr h'Leb/

tfu`kb% ha Dlebnbus gu Dleebhbus @rltblkus% ea durltgr ak igkd/tbgks% ha Tgeg% uk asdelva punebd ha el oíoa vbeea-+ Ea Hgkl/tbsta Drasdgkbus prâtakhlbt qua « Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% hlkse'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra% lvlbt âtâ dgkvlbkdu ha trlhbtbg plr ukdartlbk Ybkdaktbus 1

³3 olbs% kueea plrt lbeeaurs% be k'ast quas/tbgk ha da tâogbk bol`bklbra% at ea kgo ha Ybkdaktbus hgbt ítra

uka letârltbgk ha daeub ê'nbàktçus% ea ilusslbra oaktbgkkâ peusflut+

Zgur s'grbaktar hlks ea hgssbar ha e'akquíta sur Iâebx% be ast

bkhbspakslnea ha hbstbkùar kattaoakt eas trgbs luhbakdas sud

dassbvas% at ha nbak hâ`làr eas hbvars hgduoakts bksârâs gurâsuoâs hlks eas Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs + Ea hgssbar qub kgus ast plrvaku ast træs dgopeaxa+ Kgk saueaoakt be dgktbakt ea prgdæsvarnle has hânlts prgpraoakt hbts qub s'ak`l`ærakt ea <1 iâvrbar

havlkt ea trbnukle prgdgksuelbra3 olbs akdgra be raprghubt eas

pbædas ha e'bkstrudtbgk% ea taxta has haux prgdæs/varnlux qubiurakt eus da mgur/eê at qub sa rlppgrtakt lux haux luhbakdaslktârbauras+ Akibk% dflduk has trgbs prgdæs/varnlux rakiaroa

eub/oíoa uka sârba ha pbædas+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 191/% Gptît" dgkbuo% BBB% 0:% 6<+

B% >0 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <4% >% 13 66% 4/ Dgeelb+ DlFBo`+% BBB+ 111/19:3 Lu/33

3<:1% >% 63 <>2% 83 <8<% <:/<< = e'gk/ ùsebk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >8% <>+

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subv+3 BY% 0% 23 Hu ukbdg nlpebsog% <9% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 0:% 6<+

>6 = Nravbd+ '/.Be l t+% BBB% ><% <>3 Lh Hg/ 1" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%' BBB%

kleòtls pgst D Flt+% 44% 19+ 92% 6:+

>" Luùstbk% Abhst+ 66% 83 Dgkt b 5 ras/







HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT >>1

akdgra ê uk ol`bstrlt oukbdbple% Luraebus Hbhyous Tparatbus%huuovbr ha Dlrtflà at prítra ha Mupbtar+ Tparatbus% klturaeea/oakt% prâsbha el sâlkda <

+ L el nlrra sa tbakt e'lvgdlt Olxbous%lddusltaur ha e'âvíqua Iâebx lu kgo has hbssbhakts+ Ea prgdæs/varnle prâsakta has eldukas% prgnlneaoakt lssaz bopgrtlktas =

be ast vrlbsaonelnea qua% da mgur/eê% havlkt ea huuovbr ha Dlr/tbelà% dgoplrurakt tgus eas tâogbks olkhâs h'Lntfu`kb+ Elplrtba dgksarvâa hu dgopta/rakhu sa rlppgrta axdeusbvaoaktê el hâpgsbtbgk h'Leibus Dladbeblkus% ea ol`bstrlt plçak ha 4:4+

E'lvgdlt Olxbous prakh el plrgea lu kgo has dfrâtbaks hbssb/hakts h'Lirbqua+ Hlks sgk râqubsbtgbra% be axpebqua qua ea prg/dæs has âvíquas Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà at Iâebx h'Lntfu`kbhgbt ítra pgrtâ havlkt ea trbnukle ha e'aoparaur% qua Iâebx lebvrâ eas Âdrbturas egrs ha el parsâdutbgk% at qua el prauva aksarl igurkba plr e'ax/huuovbr Leibus Dladbeblkus% dflr`â ak 4:4ha ilbra axâdutar ê Lntfu`kb e'âhbt bopârble = dgooa ea tâogbkast olbktaklkt trgp î`â pgur leear hâpgsar ak parsgkka havlkte'aoparaur% eas lddusltaurs haolkhakt qu'gk raduabeea ê Dlr/tflà sl hâpgsbtbgk <

+ Dgkigroâoakt lux dgkdeusbgks ha e'lvg/dlt% ea prâsbhakt hgkka el plrgea lu tâogbk+ Obs ak haoauraha s'axpebquar% Leibus Dladbeblkus rldgkta da qub s'ast plssâ ak4:4 at hapubs = ha sas hâdelrltbgks be râsueta qua e'âvíqua Iâebxâtlbt lnsakt egrs has parqubsbtbgks h'Lntfu`kb% at plr subta k'lpu ítra dgoprgobs hlks el parsâdutbgk+ Ea tâogbk rldgktaakdgra dgooakt be raàut peus tlrh el vbsbta h'Bkàktbus% at% surel prbæra ha da sdrbna% eub raobt uka eattra pgur e'âvíqua Iâebx%

eattra raeltbva ê e'axâdutbgk ha e'âhbt ha 4:4 dgktra eas dfrâtbaks 4+

Tur el haolkha ha e'lvgdlt Olxbous% gk prâsakta el pbæda lutâogbk% qub s'ak radgkklët e'lutaur+ Olxbous ak prakh ldta%hgkka eadtura ha el eattra% at el ilbt bksârar lu prgdæs/varnle 8

+‘ Dfgsa âtrlkà% datta eattra âtlbt bktarpgeâa% lu pgbkt ha hava/kbr uk ilux 3 at parsgkka k'ak ibt el raolrqua da mgur/eê% plsoíoa daeub qub e'lvlbt âdrbta+ Gu nbak e'lvgdlt has hbssbhaktsaut el paribhba ha ebra saueaoakt ea hânut% qua k'lvlbt plsletârâ ea ilusslbra3

gu nbak e'ax/huuovbr% qub âtlbt vbaux% lvlbtoluvlbsa vua at e'grabeea hura+ Xgumgurs ast/be qu' Leibus Dladbebl/kus ka prgtastl pls sur ea ogoakt+ D'ast peus tlrh qu'be s'lpar/àut ha el irluha at hâolsqul ea ilusslbra 1

+

Lpræs e'bkstrudtbgk ê el durba ha Dlrtflà% Dgkstlktbk dflk/àl h'lvbs = be rakgkàl ê muàr eub/oíoa e'liilbra% at% ê hâilut

<" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <26+ 8" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <22/>" Bnbh+% p+ <26/<22+ >::+4" Bnbh+% p+ <22+ 1" bnbh+% p+ >:: at >:>/>:4+

BY <1



>>9 EA HGKLXBTOA

hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% qub âtlbt tgonâ olelha% be ak dflràl ea

prgdgksue Aeblkus'+ E'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra hu <1 iâvrbar 4<8ka kgus ast dgkkua qua plrtbaeeaoakt+ Be ast âvbhakt qua% damgur/eê% iut bkstrubt at pelbhâ ê igkh ea prgdæs ha e'âvíqua Iâebx+Gr% ea dgopta/rakhu qub kgus ast plrvaku ka sa rlppgrtaùæra qu'ê e'uk has bkdbhakts = ea iluxh'Bkàktbus% prguvâ plr el

hâpgsbtbgk h'Leibus Dladbeblkus at eas lvaux hu ilusslbra eub/

oíoa+ Ea dgpbsta qub l vgueu lnrâàr ea hgssbar% l elbssâ hadøtâ tgut ea rasta = plr axaopea% eas bktarrg`ltgbras hu durltgrDleebhbus @rltblkus% ha e'lkdbak durltgr Deluhbus Tlturblkus%

hu dakturbgk Tuparbus% ha e'asdelva Tgeg-+ Be y l dartlbkaoaktnbak h'lutras eldukas+ Dapakhlkt% e'gk k'ak hgbt pls axl`ârare'bopgrtlkda raeltbva+ E'bkdbhakt hu ilux% ak oattlkt ê ku el

oluvlbsa igb has lddusltaurs% lvlbt prbs has prgpgrtbgks bklt/

takhuas = ea prgdgksue eub/oíoa y ilbt leeusbgk lu hânut ha slsaktakda 4

+ Tb bkdgopeat qu'be sgbt% kgtra prgdæs/varnle hae'luhbakda hu <1 iâvrbar hgbt hgkkar uka bhâa lssaz musta haeêpfysbgkgoba has hânlts+

+

Ea trbnukle ast prâsbhâ klturaeeaoakt plr ea prgdgksue+Aeblkus+ Eas lutras parsgkklàs sgkt \+ Tbsakkl% huuovbr haDlrtflà% slks hguta e'uk has lssassaurs3 Làsbelus% `raiibar%

raprâsaktlkt ha RGiibdbuo3 Lprgkblkus% lvgdlt ha e'âvíquaIâebx3 Leibus Dladbeblkus% e'ax/huuovbr h'Lntfu`kb% tâogbkdbtâ plr eas lddusltaurs3 Bkàktbus% sdrbna punebd h'Lntfu`kb%hâdurbgk ha el Dbvbtls ]bquaksbuo% tâogbk ê dflrà+ Kgus kaslvgks rbak ha prâdbs sur ea dgooakdaoakt ha e'luhbakda+ Luogoakt gò s'guvra lumgurh'fub ea prgdæs/varnle% gk hgkka ead/

tura has rlppgrts sur el dgoplrutbgk h'Leibus Dladbeblkus at husdrbna Obddbus havlkt eas ol`bstrlts h'Lntfu`kb 8

+ Tubt ukâdflkà h'gnsarvltbgks aktra Tbsakkl% Lprgkblkus at ea prgdgksue 1

3 ea plsslà ast h'lbeeaurs gnsdur ê dlusa h'uka elduka+

Tur e'grhra hu prâsbhakt% ea `raiibar Làsbelus ebt ea dgopta/rakhu ha e'luhbakda prâdâhakta ê el durba ha Dlrtflà 9

+ El har/

kbæra pbæda bksârâa hlks da prgdæs/varnle sgueæva uk træs vbi

hânlt% qub pau ê pau tgurka ê el dgkiusbgk has lddusltaurs = be

s'l`bt ha el pbæda prghubta plr ea sdrbna Bkàktbus% el eattralhrassâa plr e'ax huuovbr Leibus Dladbeblkus ê Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb%at træs dgoprgoattlkta pgur e'âvíqua 0

+ Ea `raiibar ilbt gnsarvarqua olbktaklkt ea tâogbk hâdelra ilussa el ibk ha el eattra =

<" Gptît% <% >0 3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/ 8" Ldelpurylebgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ <2</<26+

dgkbuo% <<<% 0:% 6< 3 Cpbst+ 66% 8+ 1"enbh+% p+ <2T+

>" Bnbh+ 9" enbh+% p+ <26/>::+

4" Ldtk pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ >:8+ 0" Bnbh+% p+ <22/>::+




e'lkdbak huuovbr dgkibroa eub/oíoa datta hâdelrltbgk ak prâ/

dbslkt gò s'lrríta ea taxta lutfaktbqua'+ Legrs Lprgkblkus%e'lvgdlt ha Iâebx% prgkgkda uk vbgeakt râqubsbtgbra dgktra eas

hbssbhakts% dgktra eaur oluvlbsa igb% eaurs bktrbùas at eaurs

dlegokbas3 be lddusa Bkàktbus h'lvgbr bktarpgeâ el eattra h'Le/

ibus Dladbeblkus% dgooa h'lvgbr ilnrbquâ ha tgutas pbædas ukaprâtakhua eattra ha Iâebx3 be tarobka ak haolkhlkt el dgopl/rutbgk hu ilusslbra >

+ E'bktarrg`ltgbra h'Bkàktbus raopebtprasqua tguta el sadgkha ogbtbâ hu prgdæs/varnle+ Ea olefau

raux asslba h'lngrh ha kbar% rldgkta has fbstgbras ê døtâ3 olbsbe ast nbaktøt dgkvlbkdu ha oaksgkà 4

+ Tur e'bkvbtltbgk hu prâ/

sbhakt% Leibus Dladbeblkus axpebqua ak hâtlbe dgooakt eas dfgsassa sgkt plssâas% dgooakt ea sdrbna eub l rakhu vbsbta% e'l dbr/

dgkvaku at trgopâ% s'ast ilbt raoattra el eattra lutfaktbqua has/

tbkâa ê e'âvíqua Iâebx 8+ Gk ebt ha kguvalu el pbæda ak quastbgk =

e'lkdbak huuovbr liibroa uka igbs ha peus qua el ibk ast ukabktarpgeltbgk% be hâkgkda ea ilusslbra <

+ Zeus qua mlolbs% Bkàk/tbus s'aonrgubeea hlks sas axpebdltbgks3 oakldâ ha el tgrtura%

be sa hâdbha ê lvguar + Hæs egrs% ea muà ast ibxâ+ Be prgkgkda sl

saktakda = be grhgkka h'aoprbsgkkar ea ilusslbra% at prgdeloasgeakkaeeaoakt qua eas hânlts gkt hâogktrâ e'bkkgdakda hae'âvíqua Iâebx

0+

Xae sa hârguea sgus kgs yaux% hlks eas pbædas grb`bkleas% ea

durbaux prgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+ Lssurâoakt% hlks da hgs/

sbar% rbak ka trlfbt uka prâgddupltbgk ebttârlbra3 at dapakhlkt%el ebttârltura aeea/oíoa y trguva sgk dgopta% hlks das patbtas

sdækas ha oŔurs vbvaoakt asqubssâas% hlks das hâpgsbtbgksklçvas ak eltbk vue`lbra% hlks das râqubsbtgbras plssbgkkâs gòsa râvæeakt eas praobars pgeâobstas at eas praobars grltaurs ha

el quaraeea hgkltbsta+ \ulkt ê el vleaur fbstgrbqua hu hgssbar%

aeea âdelta lux yaux+ Das prgdæs/varnlux dgkstbtuakt e'uk has

hgduoakts eas peus prâdbaux pgur e'âtuha has grb`bkas hae'Aèbsa hbssbhakta lirbdlbka% at oíoa pgur e'fbstgbra hu taops =

gk y trguva ea tlnealu prasqua dgopeat h'uk `rlkh prgdæs qub

obt lux prbsas eas plçaks lvad eas dfrâtbaks% eas Dltfgebquaslvad eas sdfbsoltbquas+Eas parsgkklàs sgkt h'uka râlebtâ vbvlkta = ol`bstrlts sdru/

pueaux% lhobrlneas ha slk`/irgbh at h'boplrtblebtâ% sgudbauxsaueaoakt h'lssurar el râùelrbtâ ha el prgdâhura at ha ilbra

<" Ldel pur`lebgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ >::+ 1" Ldtl pur`lebgkbs Iaebdb.% p+ >:>/

>" enbh+% p+ >::/>:<+ >:4+4" enbh+% p+ >:</>:4+ 9" enbh+% p+ >:4+

8" enbh+% p+ >:</>:>+ 0" enbh+% p+ >:8+






qua eaur Âèbsa% ole`râ sas prâtaktbgks lu ogkgpgea ha el

slbktatâ% âtlbt kâa ha el dgrruptbgk% ha el eîdfatâ% ha e'bktrbùa%

ha el vâklebtâ ' E'uk has dfais ha datta Aèbsa% Tbevlkus ha Dgks/tlktbka% iut dgkvlbkdu muhbdblbraoakt h'lvgbr ilbneb hlks el

parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% h'lvgbr âtâ brrâùebæraoakt âeuâvíqua% ha s'ítra ilbt grhgkkar plr has trlhbtaurs+ ha s'ítra

vakhu% h'lvgbr oíoa dgoobs has hâebts ha hrgbt dgoouk s+ Gr%

da Tbevlkus lvlbt âtâ e'uk has dgksâdrltaurs ha Olmgrbkus 43 el

peuplrt has âvíquasqub e'lvlbakt lssbstâ hlks datta dgksâdrltbgkk'âtlbakt ùæra ogbks dgoprgobs -+ D'âtlbt el hârguta has prbk/

dbpas hu sdfbsoa+ Ak + ngkka eg`bqua ‘ sb el eg`bqua âtlbt ea

ilbt has plrtbs% ‘ eas Hgkltbstas lurlbakt hó ak dgkdeura ê el

kueebtâ ha e'âeadtbgk ha Olmgrbkus% ê e'usurpltbgk ha sgk suddas/saur Hgkltus% ê el vlkbtâ ha tgutas eas prâtaktbgks ha eaurAèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+

Qk hbldra hbssbhakt ha Dgkstlktbka% uk dartlbk Kukhbklrbus%âtlbt ak quaraeea lvad sgk âvíqua Tbevlkus% kgus ka slvgks êquae prgpgs+ Oleoakâ plr sgk dfai at oakldâ plr eub h'axdgo/

oukbdltbgk% be râsgeut ha eub takbr títa% at% ea dls âdfâlkt% hasa vakàr 4

+ Ea plssâ ha e'âvíqua âtlbt igrt sumat ê dlutbgk3 at

ea hbldra âtlbt flnbea fgooa% luhldbaux% taklda% træs raksab`kâsur eas pgbkts ilbneas ha sgk lhvarslbra+ Be s'lrol ha pbah akdlp% âvgqul lutgur ha eub eas vbaux sguvakbrs ha el parsâdu/tbgk plçakka gu has hânuts hu sdfbsoa% raduabeebt has tâogb/`klàs% iuratl hlks eas lrdfbvas = nrai% be sa dgkstbtul uk hgs/sbar igrobhlnea% gò ibùrlbakt has pbædas træs dgoprgoattlktaspgur Tbevlkus+ Lvlkt ha rgopra hâibkbtbvaoakt% be asslyl hae'bktbobhltbgk+ Be leel trguvar hbvars âvíquas ha Kuobhba[ eauraxpgsl sas `rbais% parsgkkaes gu kgk% at eas prbl h'bktarvakbrak sl ilvaur+ Zgur eas hâdbhar% be eaur plrel ha sgk hgssbar% at

eaur raobt uk ebnaeea% ak igroa ha eattra% gò be râsuolbt sas

lddusltbgks% ak praklkt ê tâogbk tgus eas âvíquas% eas deards at

eas kgtlneas hu plrtb + Da ebnaeea at eas hâolrdfas ha Kukhbkl/rbus dlusærakt% hlks ea ogkha hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba% uka træs

<" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <69 at 8" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62 at

subv+% <62% <28/<29+ ‘ Di+ Gptît% B% <4/ subv+ 3 Gptît% e% <4/<13 <2/>:3 Luùstbk%

<83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 9% <03 Lh Dltfg/ Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4: at subs3

ebdgu Apbstuel dgktrl Hgklebsels% <6% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBM% <1% >03 <0% 4</443893 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:/4<3 Lh Hgklebstls pgst Dgeeît+% <8% <63

>6% 4> at subv+ Dgktrl @luhakebbgk% B% 40% 80+

>" @as eu lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <60/<62% 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 9%<03 14%>%83<2>/<29+ Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% FX% >6% 4>+

4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 9" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62+

>0% 4< 3 4:% 483 BY% 19% 99+



>4: EA HGKLXBTOA

vbva âogtbgk+ Zeusbaurs âvíquas hbssbhakts s'aoprassærakth'bktarvakbr% sgbt lupræs ha Tbevlkus% sgbt lupræs hu dear`â at

has sakbgras ha Dgkstlktbka% pgur asslyar ha prâvakbr ea sdlk/hlea ak râdgkdbeblkt eas haux lhvarslbras+ H'gò uka durbausa

dgrraspgkhlkda âpbsdgplea% vars ea hânut ha e'lkkâa 4>:% lvlkteas iítas ha Zîquas'+ Das hâolrdfas k'aurakt% h'lbeeaurs% h'lutra

râsuetlt qua ha `rgssbr ea hgssbar hu hbldra+

Ole`râ eas bkstlkdas ha sas dgeeæùas% Tbevlkus s'gnstbkl3

bkdgksdbakt ha e'grlà qub leelbt igkhra sur eub% be elkàl e'axdgo/

oukbdltbgk >+ Kukhbklrbus rbpgstl plr uka lddusltbgk ak ræèa%

havlkt ea `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba 4+ H'lpræs e'ldta h'lddusltbgk%

Tbevlkus s'âtlbt rakhu dguplnea ha trlhbtbg ak 4:4% egrs has

slbsbas ha Dbrtl 3 ak 4:1% be k'lvlbt hó sgk âeadtbgk âpbsdgplea

qu'ê e'bktrbùa at ê e'âoauta3 ak 4<>% be lvlbt raàu ha e'lràkt

ha Eudbeel pgur lppuyar el dlkhbhltura ha Olmgrbkus ê Dlrtflà3 be ak lvlbt raàu akdgra h'uk dartlbk Ybdtgr% uk iguegk%

pgur ea kgooar prítra3 akibk% ha dgopebdbtâ lvad e'âvíqua

Zurpurbus at quaequas deards% be lvlbt dgoobs uk vge hlks uktaopea ha Târlpbs 8

+ Gk muà hu sdlkhlea+ Kukhbklrbus sa

hâoakl sb nbak% ibt tlkt ha nrubt% qu'gk ka put lrrítar e'liilbra%

at qua ea `guvarkaoakt grhgkkl uka akquíta+ Ea prgdæs aut

ebau ê Xflou`lhb &lumgurh'fub Xbo`lh"% ea 6 hâdaonra 4>:%

havlkt ea trbnukle hu dgksuelbra ]akgpfbeus% `guvarkaur ha

Kuobhba 6

+ Kukhbklrbus prghubsbt dgktra sgk akkaob has

dflràs lddlnelktas = pbædas h'lrdfbvas% tâogb`klàs ha tguta

sgrta% eattras has âvíquas hgkltbstas qub lvlbakt dfardfâ ê

âvbtar ea sdlkhlea+ Xgutas eas lddusltbgks iurakt radgkkuas

axldtas% at dgkibroâas sgeakkaeeaoakt plr el saktakda hu muà+Tbevlkus iut dgkhlokâ ê e'axbe 9

+ H'lpræs uka trlhbtbgk hgkl/tbsta% be lurlbt âtâ irlppâ ha datta pabka% kgk pls ê da ogoakt%ak rlbsgk has ilbts âtlnebs plr e'akquíta% olbs peus tlrh% ê dlusa

ha sgk lttbtuha flutlbka akvars ea `guvarkaur ]akgpfbeus at ea

dgota h'Lirbqua Qrsldbus% lvad qub be lvlbt rgopu tguta rael/

tbgk'+ Xrlhbtbgk nbak bkvrlbsaonelnea% slks hguta bol`bkâalpræs dgup pgur sluvar e'fgkkaur hu plrtb+ El saktakda huT hâdaonra 4>: aut âvbhaooakt uka slkdtbgk3 h'lutlkt obauxqua peusbaurs ilbts âtlnebs ê e'luhbakda dgkstbtulbakt has hâebts

<" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62/<2>+ 9" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

Uk/ustbk% Apbse+ 84%9% <0 3 14% >% 8+ 4:% 48+

+ @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <61+ <" « Tdh pgstal% bkqubs% Qrsldbg ae ]dkg/

i+i+ bnbh+% p+ <62+ pfbeg parsaquaktbnus duo dgorlukbdlra kg/

8" Bfbh+% p+ <62 at <2>/<20+ eubssat% ldtus ast bk dxsbebuo ³ &bnbh+% BBB%

T Bnbh+% p+ <61+ 4:% 48"+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT >4<

ha hrgbt dgoouk'+ Ak hâpbt ha el eâàkha hgkltbsta% tgut

pgrta ê drgbra qua e'axbe ha Tbevlkus l âtâ el dgksâquakdahbradta hu prgdæs ha Xflou`lhb+

Ea hgssbar ha da prgdæs kgus l âtâ dgksarvâ hlks eas @astl

êpuh ]akgpfbeuo% el praobæra pbæda has @astl pur`ltbgkbs

Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs-+ Ea tbtra axldt hu hgduoakt &@astl lpuh]akgpfbeuo dgksuelrao" kgus ast dgkku plr Luùstbk 4

3 hlksea olkusdrbt ha Dgroary% be ast raopeldâ plr uka igrouea hapgeâobqua% qu'l bol`bkâa slks hguta ea dgopbeltaur ha el Zlr/

`ltbg Dladbeblkb-+ E'lutfaktbdbtâ hu taxta ast lttastâa plr ea dgk/taku oíoa% plr el prâdbsbgk has hâtlbes% plr e'axldtbtuha has

ilbts at has prgdæs/varnlux% plr el mustassa hu tgk% plr eas kgo/nrausas dbtltbgks gu leeusbgks h'Luùstbk '.+ El peus `rlkhaplrtba hu hgssbar kgus ast plrvakua prasqua bktldta% slui eas

letârltbgks ha hâtlbe huas ê el kâèbàkda has dgpbstas gu luxoâslvakturas hu olkusdrbt+ E'ak/títa bkhbqua el hlta dgksu/

elbra at ea mgur ha e'luhbakda = sb e'gk lhoat uka eâ`æra dgrrad/

tbgk% qub plrlët s'bopgsar% datta hlta dgrraspgkh lu 6 hâdaonra

4>:9

+ Tubt ea dgopta/rakhu ha e'luhbakda dgksuelbra ha Xflou/`lhb+ Gk y hbstbkùa haux âeâoakts = ea prgdæs/varnle prgpra/

oakt hbt ha el sâlkda% d'ast/ê/hbra eas bktarrg`ltgbras 0

3 at uka

<" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <24 at

<21/<29+

>" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% u+ <% p+ <T1/B20+

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 9% <03 14 >% 8+

8" « Bkdbpbukt @astl unb dgkstlt trlhbtg/

rao Tbevlkuo% qub auo dâearbs grhbklvbt

Olmgb'bkuo dub Hgkltus sudaassbt ³ &Lppak/hbx h'Gptlt+ k+ <% p+ <61 ]bwsl"+

1" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

>6% 4>3 >2% 44 3 BY% 19% 99 3 Lh Dltfgebdgs

Apbstuel dgktrl Hgkltbs ls% <6% 893Apbst+ 84% 9% be3 14% >% 8+

9" E'ak/títa ast letârâ hlks ea olkusdrbt

ha Dgroary% gò ea hgduoakt hânuta plr

das ogts bkdgfârakts = « Dgustlktbkg Ol/xbog Luùstg at Dgkstlktbkg buubgra kgnb/

ebssbobs dlaslrbnus dgkstlt hbanus hadao/nrbnus saxtg Xflou`lhb aksb bkhudeg at lp

pebdbtg Ybdtgra `rlooltbdg+++ ³+ Ea harkbarâhbtaur rastbtua = « Dgkstlktbkg OlxbogLuùstg at Dgkstlktbkg buubgra kgnbebssb/

o&g" Dlaslr&a" dgks uebnus"% +++ bhbnus ha/

daonrbnus% +++Taxtg Xflou`lhbaksb% bkhudtg

at lppebdbtg Ybdtgra `rlooltbdg+++ ³ &âh+

]bwsl% p+ <61"+ @âkârleaoakt% gk dgksbhærasaxtg dgooa uk kgo prgpra = ea kgo h'uk

Taxeus% qub ast h'lbeeaurs dgopeætaoaktbkdgkku% at hgkt be k'ast pls quastbgk

hlks ea rasta hu hgduoakt+ Ha da Taxtus%

lbksb drââ ha tgutas pbædas% gk ilbt lrnb/

trlbraoakt sgbt uk âvæqua ha Xflou`lhb%qub ibùrarlbt bdb gk ka slbt ê quae tbtra

&Xguegeta% @âg`rlpfba ha e'Lirbqua dfrâ/

tbakka ‘ Kuobhba% Zlrbs% <628% p >2:"%

sgbt uk `baitbar% uk sdrbna ha Xflou`lhb%hgkt e'bktarvaktbgk k'ast pls ogbks bklttak/

hua &Hautsdf% Hrab Lctakstòdca zur @as/dfbdfea has Hgkltbsous% Narebk% <601"+

^bak ha tgut dael k'ast sltbsilbslkt+ Bdb%

dgooa e'ak/títa has hgduoakts lklegùas%

gk hgbt trguvar sbopeaoakt% lpræs el hlta

dgksuelbra% e'bkhbdltbgk hu mgur at hu ebau

ha e'luhbakda+ Be kgus plrlët âvbhakt qua

saxtg ast uk kgo ha kgonra% bkhbqulkt ea

mgur% at olelhrgbtaoakt trlkspgsâ+ Gk ak

radgkklët akdgra has hânrbs% hlks ea ol/kusdrbt% ê el pelda qu'be gdduplbt prbobtbva/

oakt 3

DGKTXLXHBANYT? DGKT&u[0; Os"%

T&ax"XG BH&os"+

Gk ebrl hgkd = « Dgkstlktbkg Olxbog Lu/ùstg at Dgkstlktbkg bukbgra kgnbebssbo&g"

Dlaslr&a" dgks&uebnus"% saxtg bh&us" hâdao/

nras"% Xflou`lhb bk db&vbtlta"% bkhudtg at

lppebdbtg Ybdtgra `rlooltbdg Datta

hlta dgrraspgkh lu 6 hâdaonra 4>:+

0} @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <61/

<69 at <2> <20+



>4> EA HGKLXBTOA

dgpba has pbædas euas ê e'luhbakda% pbædas prghubtas plr ea hbldra

Kukhbklrbus <

% da qu'Gptît lppaelbt Tdrbpel Kukhbklrbb-+

Gk dgkstlta quaequas eldukas hlks dflduka ha das hauxplrtbas hu hgssbar+ Tubvlkt Gptît% ea Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl% hu1 olrs 4:1% ibùrlbt hlks eas Tdrbptl Kukhbklrbb- 3 gr da hgdu/oakt% dgkku h'lutra plrt% ka sa trguva pls lumgurh'fub hlkseas @astl lpkh ]akgpfQuo+ Ak gutra% ea dgopta/rakhu prgpra/

oakt hbt ha e'luhbakda hu 6 hâdaonra 4>: ast bkdgopeat = be

s'lrríta nrusquaoakt lu hânut ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra hu sgus/

hbldra Blkulrbus 8+ El ibk hu prgdæs/varnle havlbt dgktakbr haux

bktarrg`ltgbras lkkgkdâs lktârbauraoakt% daux hu prítra Hgk/tbus gu Hgkltus at hu hbldra Eudblkus 4

3 paut/ítra akdgrah'lutras bktarrg`ltgbras3 at% ak tgut dls% el saktakda hu muà+

Olbs das eldukas hu hgssbar sgkt raeltbvaoakt pau bopgrtlktas%

ak dgoplrlbsgk ha da qub kgus ast plrvaku+Ygbdb e'bkvaktlbra has pbædas dgktakuas hlks kgtra taxta has

@astl lpbth ]akgpfQuo+ D'ast h'lngrh% klturaeeaoakt% ea prg/dæs/varnle ha e'luhbakda takua ê Xflou`lhb%ea 6 hâdaonra 4>:%

plr ]akgpfbeus% `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba 2+ Da dgopta/rakhu

eub/oíoa s'guvra plr e'bktarrg`ltgbra hu `rloolbrbak Ybdtgr%lkdbak eadtaur ha Dbrtl 0

+ Lu obebau ha dat bktarrg`ltgbra sgktraprghubtas bktâ`rleaoakt peusbaurs pbædas dlpbtleas% tbrâas huhgssbar ha Kukhbklrbus% at euas ê e'luhbakda = eas Ldtl OukltbIaebdbs% prgdæs/varnle has slbsbas hlks e'âèbsa ha Dbrtl% ea

<2 olb 4:4 63 ea ebnaeeus hu hbldra Kukhbklrbus% râsuoâ ha sas

lddusltbgks dgktra Tbevlkus 23 uka sârba ha eattras h'âvíquas

kuobhas% haux eattras ha Zurpurbus ê Tbevlkus at lu dear`â ha

Dgkstlktbka<:

%

hauxeattras ha Igrtbs lux

oíoas<<

%

haux eattrasha Tlnbkus ê Tbevlkus at ê Igrtbs <>

+ El ibk has @astl lpuh ]akg/

pfQuo dgoprakh uka sârba h'bktarrg`ltgbras = kguvae bktarrg/

`ltgbra hu `rloolbrbak Ybdtgr <43 bktarrg`ltgbras has igssgras

Tlturkbkus at Ybdtgr Tlosurbdb '-% hu hbldra Tlturkbkus <1% hu

<" @as el lpuh ]akgpfQuo% p+ <69/<2>+ turkbkus ast âvbhaooakt hbstbkdt hu igs/

>" Gptît% B% <8+ sgyaur Tlturkbkus+ El hbiiârakda has tbtras

4" Bnbh+% B% <8+ at has dgkhbtbgks suiibrlbt ê ea prguvar+

8" @asel lpuh ]akgpfQuo% p+ <20+ H'lbeeaurs% ea igssgr Tlturkbkus ast dgk`â/

1" Bnbh+% p+ <28+ hbâ lpræs uk dgurt bktarrg`ltgbra &bnbh+%

9" Bnbh+% p% <61/<20+ p+ <24 = at raogtg Tlturkbkg"3 at d'ast peus

0" Bnbh+% p+ <61/<69 at <2>/<24+ tlrh% ê el subta ha el hâpgsbtbgk ha Ybdtgr

6" Bnbh+% p+ <69/<66+ Tlosurbdb% qua plrlbt ea hbldgkus Tltur/

2" Bnbh+% p+ <62+ kbkus &bnbh+% p+ <24"+ << y l pgurtlkt quae/

<:" Bnbh+% p+ <62/<2: + qua letârltbgk hlks ea taxta3 dlr% peus egbk%

<<" Bnbh+% p+ <2:/<2<+ D. râsuolkt datta plrtba has hânlts% ea

<>" Bnbh+% p+ <2</<2>+ muà ka kgooa qu'uk saue Tlturkbkus &bnbh+%

<4" Qkh+ b;+ <2>/<24+ Z/ <26 = raspgksbgka Ybdtgrbs `rlooltbdb at

<8" Bnbh+% p+ <24+ Ybdtgrbl Tlosurbdb atTlturkbkb delrubi varl

<1" Bnbh+% p+ <24/<21+ ‘ Ea hbldra Tl/ assa gokbl"+







HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT >41

rltaurs% olbs ha dgkspbrltaurs olefauraux gu olelhrgbts =

ole`râ tgutas das prâdlutbgks has âvíquas% Kukhbklrbus s'astprgdurâ has dgpbas ha eaurs eattras% at eas l euas punebquaoakt%ak peabka luhbakda+

Ea rasta hu prgdæs/varnle sa dgopgsa h'bktarrg`ltgbras%

kgtâs sur ea vbi% at slks hguta stâkg`rlpfbâs+ E'uk h'aux ast

lssaz pbqulkt% ê dlusa ha e'lttbtuha pbtausa hu pluvra `rloolb/rbak Ybdtgr% qub s'aopítra hlks sas oaksgkàs <

+ Eas lutrasbktarrg`ltgbras sgkt ogbks vlrbâs+ Olbs tgus sgkt irlpplktsha vârbtâ+ Xgus% h'lbeeaurs% sgkt dgkhubts ha oíoa% vbvaoaktat flnbeaoakt+ H'uk ngut ê e'lutra% e'luhbakda ast prâsbhâa at

hbrb`âa plr ]akgpfbeus% dgksbhlrbs gu `guvarkaur ha Kuobhba+Lvad ea slk`/irgbh at el kattatâ h'uk prâsbhakt qub slbt sgkoâtbar% be pgsa ê dflduk has tâogbks uka iguea ha quastbgksobkutbausas% luxquaeeas gk râpgkh h'uk ogt3 be dgktrøea pgbktplr pgbkt eas lddusltbgks gu liibroltbgks ha Kukhbklrbus+E'lddusltaur eub/oíoa% sur el haolkha gu lvad e'lutgrbsltbgk

hu prâsbhakt% bktarvbakt sguvakt hlks e'bktarrg`ltgbra% pgur

dbtar has pbædas ê e'lppub ha sas hbras% pgur prâdbsar eas quas/tbgks ê pgsar% lu nasgbk% pgur dgkigkhra ea oaksgkà+ Lpræsdflqua bktarrg`ltgbra% ea prâsbhakt dgkstlta e'axldtbtuha hasleeâ`ltbgks ha e'lddusltaur-+

be ast ildbea% olbktaklkt% ha radgkstbtuar el pfysbgkgoba hae'luhbakda+ El sdæka sa plssa ê Xflou`lhb% ea 6 hâdaonra 4>:%slks hguta hlks datta nlsbebqua muhbdblbra hgkt gk vbsbta lumgur/h'fub eas rubkas sur ea igruo ha Xbo`lh+ E'gnmat hu hânlt ast

uka akquíta sur el dgkhubta at el eâ`btbobtâ ha Tbevlkus% âvíquahgkltbsta ha Dgkstlktbka hapubs 4:1+ E'akquíta l pgur nlsa ukldta h'lddusltbgk% hâpgsâ dgktra sgk âvíqua plr ea hbldra Kuk/hbklrbus 4

+ Aeea pgrta sur eas pgbkts subvlkts= <º Tbevlkus% ak4:4% âtlkt sgus/hbldra% egrs has slbsbas hlks e'âèbsa ha Dbrtl%

l/t/be ebvrâ has gnmats sldrâs 8 7 >º Ak 4:1% l/t/be âtâ râùebæra/oakt âeu at grhgkkâ âvíqua 1 7 4º Ak 4<</4<>% l/t/be raàu hae'lràkt ha Eudbeel% uka hloa dlrtfl`bkgbsa% pgur dgonlttraDladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàat trlvlbeearl e'âeadtbgk ha Olmgrbkus.78º L/t/be vakhu lu iguegk Ybdtgr ea tbtra at el dflrà ha prítra'71º L/t/be% ha dgkdart lvad e'âvíqua Zurpurbus at h'lutras deards%

hârgnâ has vlsas at hu vbklb`ra hlks uk taopea ha Târlpbs 6 7

<" @astl lpuh ]akgpebbeuo% p+ <61/ 1" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <2>% <28<69 at <2>/<24+ at <29+

>" Bnbh+% p+ <69% <66% <2>/ <2<+ 9" Bnbh+% p+ <T2% <28/<29+

4" Bnbh+% p+ <62+ + 0" Bnbh+% p+ <62% <28 at subt+

8" Bnbh+% p+ <61/<69% <62% <2> at subv+ 6" Bnbh+% p+ <24% <21/<29+



>49 EA HGKLXBTOA

Eas parsgkklàs sgkt = ea dgksuelbra ]akgpfbeus% `guvarkaurha Kuobhba% prâsbhakt3 uk `raiibar Saxdaptgr"% qub hgkka ead/

tura has pbædas at râhbà ea prgdæs/varnle 3 ea hbldra Kukhbkl/rbus% lddusltaur3 ha kgonraux tâogbks% ea `rloolbrbak Ybdtgr%has igssgras gu deards bkiârbaurs% has hbldras% has sgus/hbldras+<< ast ê kgtar qua e'lddusâ k'lssbstlbt pls ê e'luhbakda+ Gk pautsuppgsar qua Tbevlkus lvlbt râdusâ ea muà dbvbe% gu% tgut luogbks% qu'be lvlbt raiusâ ha dgoplrlëtra+ H'gò% prgnlneaoakt%el eâàkha hgkltbsta sur eas hâoíeâs ha Tbevlkus lvad ea `guvar/kaur ]akgpfbeus at ea dgota h'Lirbqua Qrsldbus% sur eas pgur/subtas axardâas plr das igkdtbgkklbras% at

sureas

dlusas hae'axbe luquae iut dgkhlokâ e'âvíqua <

+

E'luhbakda s'guvra plr e'bktarrg`ltgbra hu `rloolbrbakYbdtgr% lkdbak eadtaur ha e'Âèbsa ha Dbrtl >

+ Lpræs el prgdâhurah'bhaktbtâ% gk eub haolkha da qu'be slbt sur eas grb`bkas husdfbsoa at ea røea ha Tbevlkus pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk ha Hbg/deâtbak+ Ea tâogbk râpgkh qu'be ka slbt rbak% qu'be âtlbt legrs

lnsakt+ Zgur ea dgkvlbkdra ha oaksgkà% sur el raquíta hae'lddusltaur% ea muà ilbt ebra ea prgdæs/varnle has parqubsbtbgks

hlks e'âèbsa ha Dbrtl ak 4:4 4+ Be râsuetlbt delbraoakt ha datta

pbæda qua ea tâogbk âtlbt ê Dbrtl pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk% pubs/

qua eub/oíoa lvlbt ebvrâ has olkusdrbts sldrâs-+ Zgurtlkt+Ybdtgr s'gnstbka dgktra e'âvbhakda% at hâdelra ha kguvalu qu'be

âtlbt lnsakt+ E'lddusltaur plssa gutra% at ilbt ebra uka sârba hapbædas% prbsas akdgra hlks sgk hgssbar = sgk ebnaeeus% lhrassâlux âvíquas ha Kuobhba% gò be lvlbt râsuoâ sas `rbais dgktraTbevlkus 1

3 at eas sbx eattras h'âvíquas kuobhas qub prguvlbakt

el dueplnbebtâ ha Tbevlkus lvad eaur prgpra dgopebdbtâ + Tur ukakguvaeea quastbgk hu muà% Ybdtgr sa hâdbha ê lvguar da qu'be

slbt = Tbevlkus% âtlkt sgus/hbldra% l ebvrâ has gnmats sldrâs 3 peustlrh% ea paupea l prgtastâ dgktra sgk âeadtbgk âpbsdgplea% at

Ybdtgr eub/oíoa e'l dgonlttua 0

+ Zubs hâibeakt eas lutras tâogbks =

eas igssgras Ybdtgr Tlosurbdb at Tlturkbkus 6% ea hbldra Tlturkb/

kus U ea hbldra Dlstus %:% ea sgus/hbldra Drasdaktblkus u

+ Lu hânut ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra hu sgus/hbldra elkulrbus% dgooakda el

elduka hu olkusdrbt '/3 el ibk hu hgduoakt havlbt rakiaroar%

aktra lutras% eas bktarrg`ltgbras hu prítra Hgktbus gu Hgkltus

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 9" @asellpuh ]aklpfbeuo%U;+ <62/<2>+

4:% / Bnbh+% p+ <2>+

>" 5bibse&b lpuh ]akgpfbevo% p+ <61/ 6" Bnbh+% p+ <24+

<69+ 2" Bnbh+% p+ <24/<21+

4" Bnbh+% p+ <69/<66+ <: Bnbh+% p+ E21/<29+

8" Bnbh+% p+ <66+ be" Bnbh+% p+ <29/<20+

1" Bnbh+% p+ <62+ <>" Bnbh+% p+ <20+




at hu hbldra Eudblkus <

% at% klturaeeaoakt% el saktakda hu muà+

Gk slbt qua Tbevlkus iut axbeâ >= h'lpræs da qub kgus rasta hu

prgdæs/varnle ha e'luhbakda% sl dgkhlokltbgk âtlbt dartlbka+ Eastâogbks sgkt uklkboas hlks eaurs hâpgsbtbgks% at dflduk h'aux%

hlks el oasura ha sgk bkigroltbgk parsgkkaeea% dgkibroa eas

lddusltbgks ha Kukhbklrbus sur tgus eas pgbkt = trlhbtbg h'gnmats

sldrâs ak 4:4% brrâùelrbtâ ha e'âeadtbgk âpbsdgplea ak 4:1%vâklebtâ hlks e'liilbra ha Eudbeel at hlks daeea hu iguegk Ybdtgr%

vge lu taopea haTârlpbs 4+ Lu dgurs has hânlts% Kukhbklrbus

lvlbt pgussâ akdgra peus egbk sas lvlktlàs% peus egbk paut/ítraqu'be ka e'aót vgueu = be lvlbt dgoprgobs sgk Âèbsa lutlkt quasgk âvíqua+ Aktrlëkâ plr e'lrhaur ha el eutta% be lvlbt igrdâ eas

tâogbks ê rldgktar ak hâtlbe eas dbrdgkstlkdas ha e'âeadtbgk haTbevlkus ak 4:1 at ha e'âeadtbgk ha Olmgrbkus ak 4<> U Kgksaueaoakt be âtlbt hâsgrolbs lvârâ qua Tbevlkus lvlbt âtâ âeu

plr el rusa% plr el vbgeakda% plr e'âoauta% at qua sgk grhbkltbgklvlbt sgueavâ eas prgtastltbgks ha tgus eas fgkkítas àks ha el

dgoouklutâ 3 olbs% lutlkt qua Tbevlkus% ea Hgkltbsoa vaklbtha radavgbr uk dgup tarrbnea+ E'uk ha sas dfais% uk ha sas pra/

obars lhaptas% âtlbt dgkvlbkdu ha eîdfatâ% ha vâklebtâ% ha vge3

at da dfai lvlbt au has dgopebdas% ak Kuobhba dgooa ê @lr/tflà N

+ Ea dgup lttab`klbt el sadta musqua hlks sgk prbkdbpa+

E'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua s'âtlbt dgkstbtuâa pgur sa sâplrar haprâtakhus brlhbtaurs3 at aeea/oíoa lvlbt âtâ igkhâa plr hastrlhbtaurs lutfaktbquas+ E'âeadtbgk ha sgk praobar prbolt%Olmgrbkus% lvlbt âtâ gntakua plr e'bktrbùa% ê prbx h'lràkt 3

at da praobar prbolt lvlbt âtâ grhgkkâ plr has âvíquas trlëtras

ê eaur igb% vgeaurs at vakhus <

'+ Gk dgkàgbt qua Zurpurbus at sas

lobs sa sgbakt tlkt hâoakâs pgur âtguiiar ea sdlkhlea 0= bes

lvlbakt vu musta+

Xaeea ast el pgrtâa fbstgrbqua has @astl lpuh]akgpfbeuo% dgk/sbhârâs hlks eaur aksaonea at hlks eaur sb`kbibdltbgk ogrlea+Gk dgoprakh qua eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks lbakt raduabeeb lvadsgbk da prgdæs/ varnle% at e'lbakt ilbt ibùrar ak títa has @asel

pur`ltbgkbs Dlddbeblkb at Iaebdbs = lvlkt ha mustbibar Dladbeblkusha Dlrtflà% be âtlbt ha ngkka ùarra ha ogktrar% plr eaurs

prgpras dgkiassbgks% da qu'lvlbakt âtâ sas lhvarslbras+ Ha peus%

<" @asel lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <28+ 9" Bnbh+% p+ <69 ae subv+% <28/<29+ ‘>" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% Di+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 9% <0 3 14% >% 83

4:% 48+ Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl Hgklebs/4m @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <2>/ tls% <6% 893 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

<20+ >6% 4> at subv+

8" Bnbh+% p+ <62% <2>% <28+ <29+ 0" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62/

1" Bnbh+% p+ <62/<20+ <2>+



>46 EA HGKLXBTOA

eas @astl lpuh ]lkgpfbeuo rakiaroakt naludgup ha raksab`ka/oakts prâdbaux sur el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% sur el sbtul/

tbgk ha e'Âèbsa ha Dbrtl lu hânut hu bv a sbædea% sur e'gr`lkbsl/tbgk oltârbaeea at eas bkstbtutbgks hu dfrbstblkbsoa lirbdlbk êdatta âpgqua+

Da hgssbar muhbdblbra giira akdgra uk dartlbk bktârít ebttârlbra

at psydfgeg`bqua+ Ea styea ast klturaeeaoakt uk styea ha prgdæs/varnle% ea peus sguvakt sad at boparsgkkae3 olbs be ast prâdbs at

sgnra% træs kat plrtgut gò ea taxta k'l pls âtâ letârâ plr eas

dgpbstas+ Be y l uka slvaur plrtbduebæra hlks eas râpgksas has

tâogbks% qub tgus% oíoa eas hbldras% oíoa ea `rloolbrbak%âtlbakt âvbhaooakt has àks pau bkstrubts = bes hbsakt nbak daqu'bes vaueakt hbra% olbs lvad has axprassbgks pgpuelbras% hasbkdgrradtbgks gu has ilobeblrbtâs% has tgurkuras klçvas gu pbttg/

rasquas% qub saktakt ea eltbk vue`lbra+ Akibk% prasqua tgus eas

parsgkklàs lpplrtbakkakt ê e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua = das râqub/sbtgbras% das hâpgsbtbgks% das eattras% dgoptakt plrob eas pra/

obars ogkuoakts ha el ebttârltura hgkltbsta+

Hlks eas &eastl lpuh]akgpfbeuo sa hassbkakt oíoa quaequasdlrldtæras+ Ea `guvarkaur ast uk plrilbt igkdtbgkklbra = muàboplssbnea% dgrradt at irgbh% bkhbiiârakt lu igkh ha e'liilbra% olbssgudbaux ha ka sa pgbkt elbssar hupar at ha ka pls parhra sgktaops% prasqua sltbsilbt ha dgkstltar ea nbak igkhâ ha tgus eas

`rbais% at pgurtlkt uk pau âtgkkâ ha hâdguvrbr uk dgqubk sguse'âvíqua+ E'lddusltaur ast oarvabeeaux ha vba at ha vârbtâ+ Dahbldra% ak ùarra guvarta dgktra sgk âvíqua% ast bopeldlnea at

delbrvgylkt hlks sl rlkduka+ Be s'ast lroâ ha tgutas pbædas = sórhu suddæs% tgumgurs olëtra ha eub% irgbhaoakt% be tbra ha sgkhgssbar lu ngk ogoakt% e'uk lpræs e'lutra% eas hgduoakts% eas

vbaux prgdæs/varnlux% eas eattras h'lobs% qub irlppargkt e'lhvar/

slbra lu ngk akhrgbt <+ Be prâdbsa eas quastbgks% olrqua eas

pgbkts% hbrbà plrigbs e'bktarrg`ltgbra slks aopbâtar sur eas

lttrbnutbgks hu muà+ Be lbha eas tâogbks ê râvabeear eaurs sgu/vakbrs3 be akvaegppa pau ê pau sgk akkaob hlks e'bkaxtrbdlnea

râsalu has tâogb`klàs dgkdgrhlkts >+

Zlrob eas pîeas sbefguattas has tâogbks sa prgibea hrøeaoakt%hlks sl vauearba pbttgrasqua% uk louslkt parsgkklà = ea `rlo/olbrbak Ybdtgr+ Ea pluvra fgooa sa drgbt gneb`â ha oaktbrpgur sluvar el ilda3 olbs be l sb pau e'axpârbakda hu oaksgkà%qu'be bkspbra surtgut ha el pbtbâ+ Be l au uk praobar olefaurhlks sl vba% d'ast ha slvgbr ebra = dgooa be slvlbt ebra% gk

<" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <69% >" @astl lpuh ]akgpfb uo% p+ <2>/<62/<2>+ <20+





>8: EA HGKLXBTOA

BBB

Hgduoakts ha el pârbgha 44</42<+ ‘ @rgupas hbvars+ ‘ Ahbts bopârblux at lutraspbædas giibdbaeeas+ ‘ Eattra ha @ra`grbus% prâiat hu prâtgbra% ê Hgklt ha Dlrtflà+‘ Dgkstbtutbgk ha e'aoparaur Dgkstlkda% lhrassâa lux Lirbdlbks+ ‘ Ahbt hae'aoparaur Dgkstlkt% grhgkklkt e'ukbgk has haux Aèbsas rbvleas% ak 480+ ‘ Ahbtprgdgksuelbra liibdfâ ê Dlrtflà ea <1 lgót 480+ ‘ Hbsdgurs ha Oldlrbus% dgo/obsslbra bopârble+ ‘ âsdrbt ha e'aoparaur Muebak% ak 49>+ ‘ ^lppgrts has`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks sur eas vbgeakdas has sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Lutras âhbts bopâ/rblux+ ‘ Hgduoakts hgkltbstas ‘ Eattras ha Hgklt ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Eattrash'Lxbhg at ha Ilsbr+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgk ha Hgklt% âvíqua ha Nl`lç+ ‘ âquítas hasâvæquas hgkltbstas axbeâs ê e'aoparaur Muebak% ak 49>+ ‘ Olkhaoakt ha Ilustb/kus% âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua h'Fbppgka+ ‘ Xastloakts ha Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zbædas

muhbdblbras+

Zgur el pârbgha subvlkta% daeea qub vl ha e'lkkâa 44: akvbrgkmusqu'ê el praobæra bktarvaktbgk h'Luùstbk ak 42>% eas hgdu/oakts sgkt naludgup ogbks kgonraux qua pgur el pârbgha hasgrb`bkas+ Bes sgkt lussb ogbks nbak dgksarvâs3 sb e'gk oat ê

plrt haux raeltbgks olrtyrgeg`bquas <

% eas dgkdbeas at quaequasdgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas% bes ka kgus sgkt dgkkus qua plr hadgurts irlòakts gu ha sbopeas oaktbgks+ D'ast qua eas dbr/

dgkstlkdas lvlbakt dflk`â+ Els h'uka eutta slks râsuetlt% easDltfgebquas lirbdlbks sa râsb`kærakt h'lngrh ê elbssar sa hâva/egppar lutgur h'aux eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas+ \ulkh ea

Hgkltbsoa iut obs fgrs el egb at giibdbaeeaoakt supprboâ plre'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt% bes prgibtærakt klturaeeaoakt ha e'gddlsbgk%

at drurakt lvgbr râtlneb e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa >3 olbs% legrs oíoa%

bes ka prbrakt ùæra h'bkbtbltbvas+ Zgur prâplrar gu lssurar eaur

vbdtgbra% bes dgoptlbakt prbkdbpleaoakt sur e'bktarvaktbgk at

sur e'lppub hu `guvarkaoakt+ Zakhlkt tgut ea sadgkh tbars hubv a sbædea% musqu'lu taops h'Gptlt% bes saoneakt lvgbr prasquarakgkdâ ê el pgeâobqua+ El pârbgha has dgktrgvarsas pls/sbgkkâas% has `rlkhs prgdæs at has akquítas% âtlbt degsa pguregk`taops+ Zeus tlrh% qulkh lvad Gptît% lvad Luùstbk% eas

Dltfgebquas raprbrakt flrhboakt e'giiaksbva% el hbsdussbgk kapgrtl ùæra qua sur eas âvâkaoakts dgktaopgrlbks gu sur eas

grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa+ El pârbgha bktaroâhblbra rastl hlkse'gonra = lussb ast/aeea raeltbvaoakt pluvra ak hgduoa'kts+

Ak hafgrs has Ldtas has Dgkdbeas at has raeltbgks ha olr/tyras% hgkt kgus râsarvgks prgvbsgbraoakt e'âtuha% eas hgdu/oakts ha datta pârbgha igroakt trgbs `rgupas = eas âhbts bopâ/rblux at lutras pbædas giibdbaeeas% eas pbædas râhb`âas plr hasHgkltbstas% akibk% eas hgssbars muhbdblbras+

<" El Zlssbg Olrdueb at el Zlssbg Ol/ ebttârlbras+

xboblkb at Bslld% qub sargkt âtuhbâas >" Dgkrbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% Axgrh+=hlus ea vgeuoa subvlkt% lvad eas Ŕuvras Gptît% BB% <13 <<<% < at 8+




Eas pbædas giibdbaeeas sgkt h'bopgrtlkda træs bkâ`lea 3 at%

olefaurausaoakt% da ka sgkt pls eas peus bktârasslktas qubsgkt ea obaux dgksarvâas+ Lbksb% e'gk lboarlbt ê dgkklëtra ea

taxta ha el eattra lhrassâa ê Hgklt ha Dlrtflà% vars 449% plrea prâiat hu prâtgbra @ra`grbus <

+ Da igkdtbgkklbra lvlbt prbs

slks hguta quaequas oasuras ha rbùaur dgktra eas hbssbhaktslirbdlbks >

% qub prgtastærakt sur uk tgk træs vbi+ Gptît kgus hbt

sbopeaoakt% kgk slks asprbt% qu'ê uka eattra bkmurbausa hu prb/

olt sdfbsoltbqua ea prâiat râpgkhbt « lvad uka pltbakda tgut

âpbsdgplea 4 ³+ Zlr dgktra% kgus pgssâhgks ea taxta h'uka dgkstb/tutbgk Ha ilogsbs ebnaeebs% akvgyâa « lux Lirbdlbks ³ plr e'aopa/raur Dgkstlkda ea <6 mubk 446- 3 olbs da taxta ka kgus lpprakhrbak sur eas ebnaeeas qua vbslbt e'aoparaur+

Qk hgduoakt h'uka bopgrtlkda dlpbtlea âtlbt dat âhbt haDgkstlkt% prgoueùâ ak 480% qub ilbeebt hgkkar ea dgup ha ogrtlu Hgkltbsoa+ Da prâdbaux taxta ast parhu3 be ka kgus ast

dgkku qu'bkhbradtaoakt% h'uka ilàgk træs bkdgopeæta.+ Gk slbt

dgooakt% vars ea hânut ha e'lkkâa 480% e'aoparaur Dgkstlktlvlbt dgkibâ ê haux ha sas làkts% Zlueus at Oldlrbus% uka obs/sbgk tguta pldbibqua% hastbkâa ê prâplrar ea râtlnebssaoakt ha el

plbx raeb`bausa ak Lirbqua 9+ Eas haux dgoobsslbras havlbakt

leear ha vbeea ak vbeea at prídfar e'ukbgk has haux Aèbsas rbvleas%

ak lolhgulkt eas sadtlbras% ak hbstrbnulkt has sadgurs luxdgoouklutâs pluvras% at% prgnlneaoakt% has dlhalux luxdfais+ Datta taktltbva ha râdgkdbebltbgk plr el olkbæra hguda%plr el parsulsbgk% e'luoøka gu el sâhudtbgk% âdfgul prasquaplrtgut havlkt e'bktrlksbàlkda has sdfbsoltbquas% obs ak`lrha plr e'gppgsbtbgk âkar`bqua at eas bkstrudtbgks ha Hgkltea @rlkh 0

+ Tur ea rlppgrt ha sas dgoobsslbras% slks hguta lpræseas praobars trguneas ha Kuobhba% e'aoparaur sa hâdbhl ê

dflkàr ha oâtfgha% at ê elkdar uk âhbt h'ukbgk+ Dat âhbt

raoattlbt ak vbùaur at l``rlvlbt el egb ha prgsdrbptbgk prg/oueùâa plr Dgkstlktbk ak 4<9% egb qub âtlbt rastâa eattra

ogrta hapubs e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda ha 4><% olbs qub k'lvlbt mlolbs

âtâ igroaeeaoakt lnrg`âa+ Ygbdb% saonea/t/be% quaeeas âtlbakt easdelusas prbkdbpleas ha e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt = iusbgk has hauxAèbsas rbvleas hlks tgutas eas dbtâs lirbdlbkas3 hbssgeutbgk ha

<" Gptît% <<<% 4+ p+ <96/092 Ob`ka 3 Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+>" « Tadutl ast peuvbl sun @ra`grbg ³ lkk+ 486% Axgrh+3 Gptît% <<<% </43 Lu/

&bøbh+% <<<% <:"+ ùstbk% Zsleous dgktrl plrtao Hgkleb%

4" Bnbh+% <<<% 4+ <813 Apbst+ <:1% >% 2+ ‘ Di+ Dgh+ Xfaòh+%

8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% 1+ VYB% 9% >+

1" Zlssbg Olrdutb% p+ 09< ut 098 9" Gptît% BBB% < at 4/8+

Ob`ka3 Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% <" Bnbh+% BBB% 4+ ‘ Di+ BBB% <+

BY <9



>8> EA HGKLXBTOA

tgutas eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas 3 lttrbnutbgk ha eaurs

nbaks% kgtlooakt has nlsbebquas% lux dgoouklutâs dltfg/ebquas3 hâiaksa ha ranlptbsar 3 axbe has râdledbtrlkts% surtguthas âvíquas <

+ Ak dls ha râsbstlkda% eas dgoobsslbras at eas

lutras làkts hu pguvgbr dbvbe lvlbakt ea hrgbt ha raquârbr el

igrda punebqua% e'bktarvaktbgk ha e'lroâa egdlea% at ha sgk dfai%

ea dgota h'Lirbqua 6+

E'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt plrlët lvgbr âtâ subvb h'uka sârba h'lutras

âhbts% raeltbis lux oasuras h'axâdutbgk% at prgoueùâs sgbt plreas dgoobsslbras bopârblux% sgbt plr eas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks%

lu ogbks plr ea prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà at plr ea vbdlbrah'Lirbqua+ E'uk ha das hgduoakts ast oaktbgkkâ hlks uka rael/

tbgk olrtyrgeg`bqua+ D'ast uk âhbt prgdgksuelbra% qub iut liib/

dfâ ê Dlrtflà ea <1 lgót 480% at hgkt uk axaopelbra iut eldârâplr ea Hgkltbsta Olxboblkus 4

+ Dat âhbt lvlbt pgur gnmat hapgrtar ê el dgkklbsslkda hu punebd% lvad ea taxta ha el dgkstbtu/

tbgk bopârblea% eas oasuras lrrítâas plr ea prgdgksue% h'lddgrhlvad eas dgoobsslbras% pgur lssurar ea râtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ

raeb`bausa = e'uka has oasuras âtlbt e'bktarhbdtbgk igroaeea hahgkkar lsbea lux sdfbsoltbquas qub raiusarlbakt ha sa sgu/oattra <

+ Qk âhbt lklegùa% âolklkt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% hutítra liibdfâ hlks eas lutras prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% prbkdbplea/oakt hlks eas dbtâs kuobhas+ H'lutra plrt% eas dgoobsslbrasbopârblux s'lhrassærakt hbradtaoakt lux pgpueltbgks% at huraktâ`leaoakt elkdar has âhbts = be ast quastbgk ha hbsdgurs quaOldlrbus prgkgkàl hlks eas âèbsas% hbsdgurs gò e'grltaur saprgpgslbt lpplraooakt h'axpebquar lu punebd el dgkstbtutbgkbopârblea% ha mustbibar eas oasuras h'axâdutbgk% at h'axfgrtareas hbssbhakts ê lddaptar ea kguvae âtlt ha dfgsas '+ E'ldtbvbtâhas hbvars làkts ha e'aoparaur ast lttastâa plr nbak has ilbts =

e'fbstgbra ha Olxboblkus at h'Bslld ê Dlrtflà% daeea ha Olrdu/eus ak Kuobhba% ea røea hu dgota Tbevastar at ha sas trgupashlks e'âdfluiXgurâa ha Nl`lç% eas râdbts h'Gptlt% ea hbsdgurs ha@rltus lu dgkdbea ha 486% e'axbe ha Hgklt at ha kgonrauxâvíquas% el supprassbgk lu ogbks lpplrakta ha tgutas eas dgo/

ouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas 9 +

Zeus akdgra qua e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% ea

<" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 09< 3 e'lssbg 8" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096+Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096= Gptlb% BB% 1_ Gpelt% YBB% 9+

<13 BBB% </>+ 9" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 09< at subv+3

>" Gptît% BBB% </b3 Zlssbg Olrdueb% Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 092 at

p+ <9<+ subv+ 3 Dgkdbt+ Dlrtfl` lkk+ 486% Axgrh+ 3

4" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 096/ Gptît% BBB% • b+

092+




rasdrbt ha Muebak ak ilvaur has Hgkltbstas ast ha kltura ê pbquarel durbgsbtâ+ Gk slbt dgooakt e'aoparaur Muebak iut loakâ êbktarvakbr hlks eas liilbras raeb`bausas ha e'Lirbqua+ \ulkh gkea vbt rgopra lvad e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua at rakhra tguta ebnartâ

lux fârâsbas% eas Hgkltbstas slbsbrakt e'gddlsbgk at sa obrakt akdlopl`ka+ Zeusbaurs ha eaurs âvíquas% akdgra axbeâs% dgooak/dærakt ê dbrdgkvakbr e'aoparaur 3 bes eub lhrassærakt hasraquítas% gò bes bkvgqulbakt ea hrgbt dgoouk at râdelolbakte'lnrg`ltbgk ha e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt <

+ Qk rasdrbt ha Muebak% prg/

oueùâ vars ea hânut ha 49>% eaur hgkkl peabka sltbsildtbgk+E'aoparaur y liibrolbt sgeakkaeeaoakt sl hgdtrbka ilvgrbta surel tgeârlkda ak oltbæra ha raeb`bgk+ Be lddgrhlbt lux Hgkltbstas%dgooa ê tgus eas sumats ha e'Aopbra% uka peabka at aktbæra

ebnartâ hu dueta+ Be axprbolbt kattaoakt sl vgegktâ ha râplrar%

akvars das parsâdutâs ha el vabeea% eas bkmustbdas ha sas prâhâ/dassaurs+ Ak dgksâquakda% be lnrgàlbt e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 480 3

be lutgrbslbt tgus eas nlkkbs lirbdlbks ê raktrar hlks eaur plys 3 be

grhgkklbt ha rastbtuar lux hbssbhakts eas nlsbebquas dgkibsquâas%

tgus eas nbaks qu'bes pgssâhlbakt klùæra% oíoa eas ebvras

slbkts hgkt s'âtlbakt aoplrâs eas Dltfgebquas s+ Xaeeas âtlbakt

eas delusas assaktbaeeas hu rasdrbt+ Ha da hgduoakt grb`bkle%

prasqua plrlhgxle pgur ea taops% kgus pgssâhgks quaequasirlòakts taxtuaes+ Hlks el dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% prgnlnea/oakt lu hânut% âtlbt raprghubta uka plrtba ha el raquíta râhb`âa

lu kgo has Hgkltbstas plr e'âvíqua Zgktbus = kgtlooakt% el

pfrlsa dâeænra gò dat âvíqua hâdelrlbt ê Muebak « qu'lupræs ha

eub el mustbda sauea trguvlbt lddæs ³4

+ E'bktaktbgk ha e'aoparaurâdeltlbt hlks datta delusa% h'uka pgrtâa prasqua bkhâibkba% qub

tarobklbt slks hguta ea rasdrbt% at hgkt Luùstbk kgus l dgk/sarvâ ea taxta = « Kgus grhgkkgks akdgra% dgkigroâoakt ê el

raquíta ha ^g`ltblkus% ha Zgktbus% ha Dlssblkus at ha tgus eas

lutras âvíquas% at lussb has deards 3 kgus grhgkkgks% pgur oattraea dgonea ê e'Ŕuvra ha mustbda% h'lkkuear tgutas eas oasurasprbsas ê tgrt dgktra eas Hgkltbstas ak hafgrs hu rasdrbt% at harâtlnebr tgutas dfgsas ak e'âtlt gò aeeas âtlbakt lutraigbs 8 ³+

Eas sdfbsoltbquas sa dflr`ærakt ha ilbra lppebquar e'âhbt+

Eas axbeâs raktrærakt ak iguea% at plrtgut e'gk vbt raklëtra eas

<" Gptlb% BB% <93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Apbst+ VYB% 1% 40+

24% 8% <>3 <:1% >% 23 Dgktrl ebttarls Za/ 4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 8% <>3 <:1% >%

tbeblkb% BB% 2>% >:13 20% >>83 Tarog Be bk 23 Tarog << bk Zsleo+ 49% <63 DgktrlZsleo+ 49% <6+ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <>% <23 Dgk/

>" Gptît% BB% <93 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebt/ Brl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>% >:4 at >:1+

tar ls Za tbeblkb% <<%64%<683 2>+>:13 20% 8" Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 20%

>>83 Apbst+ <:1% >% 2+ ‘Di+ Dgh+ Xfagh+% >>8+



>88 EA HGKLXBTOA

Âèbsas hbssbhaktas+ Eas âvíquas hgkltbstas ravakhbquærakthavlkt eas trbnuklux eaurs nlsbebquas at eaurs nbaks% tlkhbs quahas nlkhas ha ilkltbquas plrdgurlbakt el Kuobhba at el Olurâ/tlkba pgur rastlurar plr el igrda eaurs dgoouklutâs '+ Ea plysiut ak prgba ê uka vârbtlnea ùarra dbvbea% gò sa hgkkl dlrrbæra

tguta el nrutlebtâ has plssbgks pgpuelbras+ Bkhbiiârakts h'lngrhê el quaraeea raeb`bausa% eas `guvarkaurs has prgvbkdas lirb/

dlbkas s'âourakt ha e'lklrdfba at has drboas ha hrgbt dgoouk =

bes lhrassærakt ê e'aoparaur has rlppgrts% pgur eub sb`klear eas

vbgeakdas has sdfbsoltbquas >+ Kgus ka dgkklbssgks qu'ak `rgs

ea dgktaku ha das rlppgrts = sld ha nlsbebquas% olssldras%lttaktlts ha tgut àkra dgktra has Dltfgebquas% dgktra has deards

at has raeb`bausas% dgktra has âvíquas hâpgsâs gu hâpgssâhâs+E'uk ha das hgduoakts havlbt ítra lssaz pbqulkt = ea rlppgrt hadat Ltfakbus% `guvarkaur ha Dâslrbakka% qub k'lvlbt pls drlbkth'akdgurlàr plr sl prâsakda eas igebas ha el hâol`g`ba hgkl/tbsta% ak lssbstlkt ê e'lsslut ha e'âèbsa ha Xbplsl 4

+ Gk b`kgra daqua Muebak râpgkhbt lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks% at oíoa% s'be

eaur râpgkhbt = be ùarrgylbt legrs ak Grbakt% gò be ogurut nbaktøthas subtas h'uka neassura% at datta ogrt prâolturâa eub âplr`klpaut/ítra ea ra`rat h'lvgbr hâdflëkâ sur e'Lirbqua ea ieâlu ha el

vakàlkda hgkltbsta+ Ak tgut dls% el nbakvabeelkda ha dat

aoparaur pgur eas hbssbhakts lvlbt sauea rakhu pgssbnea el

râsurradtbgk obrldueausa ha eaur Âèbsa+ Be ast vrlb qua% peustlrh% datta leeblkda lvad e'Lpgstlt havbkt pgur aux uk sguvakbrdgoprgoattlkt+ \ulkh ea vakt aut tgurkâ% eas Dltfgebquas kasa ibrakt pls iluta h'âvgquar da sguvakbr+ Zgur mustbibar eas

oasuras dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% Fgkgrbus at sas obkbstras katrguvargkt rbak ha obaux qua ha ilbra liibdfar plrtgut akLirbqua ea rasdrbt ha Muebak-+

Kgus havbgks bksbstar sur e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt% qub ilbeebt tuarea Hgkltbsoa% at sur ea rasdrbt ha Muebak% qub eub rakhbt el vba+ Ldøtâ ha das hgduoakts dâeænras% eas pbædas giibdbaeeas sgrtbas hael dflkdaeearba has Yleaktbkbak% has Yleaks gu has @rltbak% kaprâsaktakt pgur kgus qu'uk bktârít sadgkhlbra+ Ha 494 ê 42<%

ha kgonrausas dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas gkt âtâ prgoueùâasdgktra eas fârâtbquas% at el peuplrt sgkt dgksarvâas = kgusoaktbgkkargks saueaoakt bdb daeeas qub plrlbssakt lvgbr vbsâ

gu lttabkt eas Hgkltbstas+ E'aoparaur Yleaktbkbak% ê sgk tgur%

<" Gptît% BB% <0/<2 3 BBB% 43 YB% </> at >" Gptît% BB% <0+

Luùstbk% Dgktrl ApQtuelo e'lroa/ 4" Bnbri+% Be% <6+

kblkb% B% <>+ <23 Dgktrl ebttarlt Zaebebl/ 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 40+kb% BB% 64% <68 = 2>% >:4+




asslyl h'lrrítar el dlopl`ka ha plopfeats at ha ebnaeeas% qub

tgumgurs radgooakàlbt% ak elkàlkt haux âhbts Ha ilogsbsebnaeebs

<

+ Ea >: iâvrbar 404% lpræs el hâilbta ha Ibrous qu'lvlbakt

sgutaku eas sdfbsoltbquas% ea oíoa aoparaur lhrassl lu prg/

dgksue h'Lirbqua Mueblkus uk âhbt qub bktarhbslbt el prltbqua husadgkh nlptíoa% at qub grhgkklbt ha hâpgsar tgut âvíqua dgu/plnea h'lvgbr ranlptbsâ >

+ Qka dgkstbtutbgk ha @rltbak% hu>> lvrbe 409% prasdrbvbt lux `guvarkaurs ha dgkibsquar eas ebaux

ha râukbgk has fârâtbquas% at oaklàl ha pabkas sâværas

qubdgkquaildbebtarlbt

gutgeârarlbt eaurs lssaoneâas 4

+

Qklutra

âhbt% hltâ hu <0 gdtgnra 400% at kgtbibâ lu vbdlbra h'LirbquaKbdgoldfus IMlvblkus% rakguvael e'bktarhbdtbgk hu sadgkhnlptíoa% ak bkvbtlkt eas `guvarkaurs ê lttrbnuar lux Dltfg/ebquas tguta âèbsa gò e'gk lurlbt ranlptbsâ 8

+ Yars el ibk ha 406%

sur el raquíta h'uk dgkdbea rgolbk% uk rasdrbt has aoparaurs@rltbak at Yleaktbkbak akmgb`kbt lu vbdlbra Lqubebkus ha nlkkbrDeluhblkus% ea dfai turnueakt has Hgkltbstas ha Fgoa% at e'uk

has prbkdbplux lhvarslbras hu plpa Hlolsa'+ Hlks eas lkkâassubvlktas% sgus e'bkieuakda ha Xfâghgsa% sa ouetbpebærakt eas

âhbts dgktra eas fârâtbquas 3 olbs kgus pguvgks kgus hbspaksar

h'âkuoârar bdb tgutas das dgkstbtutbgks% hgkt luduka ka plrlët

lvgbr âtâ lppebquâa sârbausaoakt lux Hgkltbstas% musqu'ê el egb

hu <1 mubk 42> sur e'loakha has hbx ebvras h'gr 0+

Ea sadgkh `rgupa has hgduoakts ha datta pârbgha dgoprakheas pbædas râhb`âas plr has Hgkltbstas = eattras% raquítas% rael/

tbgks gu prgdeloltbgks+ Das hgduoakts/eê prâsaktakt lssurâ/

oakt uk bktârít plrtbduebar pgur e'fbstgbra ebttârlbra hu taops%at bes sgkt ha kltura ê axpebquar nbak has ilbts ak âdelbrlkt el

psydfgeg`ba has sdfbsoltbquas+ Olefaurausaoakt% slui eas

haux raeltbgks ha olrtyra% bes sgkt prasqua aktbæraoakt par/

hus3 kgus ka eas dgkklbssgks ùæra qu'bkhbradtaoakt% plr eas

dbtltbgks gu leeusbgks h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk+Lu praobar rlk` ibùrlbt el dgrraspgkhlkda ha Hgklt ea

@rlkh+ Ea dâeænra prbolt ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta% gutra hbvars

guvrlàs% lvlbt elbssâ has eattras% hgkt quaequas/ukas% âdrbtas

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 48% 0/6+ oba ha Ybakka" 3 Olksb% DgkdbE% t+ BBB%

b" Bnbh+% VYB% 9% <+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% p+ 9>6+

Apbst+ bC% >% 2+ 9} Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% <% >/43 8% </>3

4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 8+ 1% 1 at <2/>:+

8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% >+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ 0" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% ><+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk%

ùstbk% Apbst+ 60% 63 <:1% >% 23 <:1% 4% <>+ Dgktrl Apfeuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <>%

1" Lvaeelkl Dgteadtbg% Apbst+ <4% 6% <23 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64%

p+ 19 &âh+ @çbktfar+ ‘ Ygeuoa VVVY hu <683 Dgktrl Àrasdgkbuo% BBB% 80% 1<3

Dgrpus sdrbptgr+ addeas+ elb+ ha e'Ldlhâ/ Apbst+ 99% < 3 66% 03 <:1% >% 83 <61% 0% >1+



>89 EA HGKLXBT+OA

hlks has dbrdgkstlkdas sgeakkaeeas% âtlbakt ha vârbtlneas hgdu/oakts fbstgrbquas+ Xaeea âtlbt el eattra lhrassâa plr Hgklt% vars

449% lu prâiat hu prâtgbra @ra`grbus% qub lvlbt au e'bopruhakdah'bktarvakbr hlks eas liilbras raeb`bausas ha e'Lirbqua+ El pbæda

ka olkqulbt pls h'grb`bklebtâ% kb ea styea ha slvaur% sb e'gk akmuà plr uk trgp dgurt irlòakt qua kgus l dgksarvâ Gptît+ Eaprbolt hgkltbsta k'lvlbt pls drlbkt h'bktarpaeear lbksb ea flutigkdtbgkklbra = « @ra`grbus% tgb% el sgubeeura hu Tâklt at el

fgkta has prâiats+++ ³'+ Ea ol`bstrlt rgolbk% fgooa h'asprbt%

sa dgktaktl ha rbra% at ka sa vakàl qu'ak hgkklkt hlks sl

râpgksa% ê e'brlsdbnea prâelt% uka eaàgk ha tldt âpbsdgple>

+

Datta dgrraspgkhlkda aut naludgup ha suddæs ak Lirbqua% gò%trakta lks peus tlrh% prasqua tgut ea ogkha dbtlbt akdgra haoâogbra eas pfrlsas iloausas ha e'âvgqua at hu prâiat 4

+ Ak480% ea oíoa Hgklt% tgumgurs ngubeelkt ole`râ e'îà% ldduabeebt

sur ea oíoa tgk eas dgooukbdltbgks ha Oldlrbus at ha Zlbbeus%

eas dgoobsslbras ha e'aoparaur Dgkstlkt+ Aopgrtâ plr el

dgeæra% be eaur haolkhl ha quae hrgbt uk prbkda sa oíelbt hasliilbras ha e'Aèbsa3 be hâdelrl qua sgk Aèbsa ê eub k'lvlbt plsnasgbk has luoøkas hu `guvarkaoakt3 be lmgutl qu'be lvlbt

prbs sas oasuras pgur hâmguar ea pelk has dgoobsslbras+ Akaiiat% be vaklbt h'akvgyar ê tgutas eas dgoouklutâs hgkltbstasuka eattra dbrduelbra% gò be eaur bktarhbslbt igroaeeaoakth'lddaptar pgur eaurs pluvras eas sadgurs giiarts plr eas bktrus 8

+

Hlks sl iuraur% Hgklt ha Dlrtflà ka oâklàl pls oíoae'aoparaur% ê qub be saonea lvgbr kgtbibâ hbradtaoakt sgk raius

plr uka eattra bksgeakta+ Lu tâogb`klà h'Gptlt% « be hbt ê

Dgkstlkt lutlkt h'bkmuras qu'be put% at rapgussl da qua e'aopa/raur lvlbt akvgyâ pgur eas pluvras ³ U H'lpræs eas irlòaktsdgksarvâs% datta dgrraspgkhlkda ha Hgklt havlbt ítra e'uk hasogkuoakts eas peus sb`kbibdltbis ha e'grùabe at ha e'bkdgk/

sdbakda hgkltbsta+ Das hânrbs ha eattras gkt uka râaeea bopgr/tlkda fbstgrbqua = bes lbhakt ê dgoprakhra at el igrda hu sdfbsoalirbdlbk ak das taops/eê% at e'lutgrbtâ axtrlgrhbklbra hu prbolthgkltbsta% at ea saktboakt qub pgussl e'aoparaur ê elkdar sgk

âhbt h'ukbgk+

<" « @ra`grb% olduel sakltus at hahadus 8" « Oa &Hgkleus" hbxbt unbqua sa ebëea/

prlaiadtgruo+ ++ ³ &Gptît% BBB% 4"+ rls prlabkbsbssa% ka bh% qugh lheltuo iud/

>" « Dub Hgkltg prlailtus &&Bra`gbçus" rlt% pluparbnus lebdunb hbspakslratur ³

pltbaktbl apbsdgpleb rasabçpsbt ³ &berbh+% BBB% &bnbh+% BBB% 4"+

4"+ 1" « Hgkltus% qub at dgkvbdbl Dgkstlktb

4" « Flruo apbstuelruo dxaopelrbl oue/ qulktl pgtubt hbxbt+ at% qugh ln ag plupa/tgrukb gra unbqua dlktlktur ³ &bnbh+% BBB% rbnus obssuo e'uarlt% rapuhblvbt ³ &bnbh+%

4"+ BBB% 4"+








olëtras hu mgur% bes lhrassærakt ê e'aoparaur uka raquíta sgeak/

kaeea Spradas% patbtbg"% gò bes ea suppeblbakt ha râplrar e'bkmustbda hasgk prâhâdassaur '+ Be astl kgtar qua Zlroakblkus% ea kguvaludfai ha e'Aèbsa hgkltbsta% ea suddassaur ha Hgkltea @rlkh% rastl

dgopeætaoakt âtrlkàr ê el pâtbtbgk = d'ast da qub râsueta kat/

taoakt hu tâogb`klà h'Gptlt >+ Datta lnstaktbgk surpraklkta

hu prbkdbple bktârassâ s'axpebqua slks hguta plr e'âegb`kaoaktha Zlroakblkus% qub âtlbt Aspl`kge gu @luegbs ha klbsslkda% at

qub havlbt râsbhar akdgra hlks sgk plys h'grb`bka 4+ \ugb qu'be

ak sgbt% e'bkbtbltbva ha el pâtbtbgk iut prbsa plr trgbs âvíquasaxbeâs h'Lirbqua% prgnlneaoakt ibxâs legrs ak Btleba = ^g`ltbl/kus% Zgktbus at Dlssblkus-+ El raquíta% sb`kâa ha das trgbs

âvíquas% âtlbt prâsaktâa ak oíoa taops lu kgo ha tgus eas

lutras âvíquas at oíoa has deards hu «plrtb ha Hgklt ³ U Aeea

iut râhb`âa plr Zgktbus% qub lvlbt legrs uk `rlkh rakgo plrobeas sbaks% at hgkt gk vlktlbt eas obrldeas 9

+ Luùstbk hâdelra

lvad bksbstlkda qua el râhldtbgk ha el pbæda âtlbt e'Ŕuvra haZgktbus = « Xaes sgkt eas taroas ha el suppebdltbgk lhrassâa ê

e'akkaob hu Dfrbst% ê e'lpgstlt% ê e'lhvarslbra has dfrâtbaks% lusarvbtaur has hâogks% plr ea iloaux Zgktbus% vgtra Zgktbus+++

D'ast Zgktbus qub e'l ilbt% d'ast Zgktbus qub l suppebâ% d'ast Zgk/tbus qub l eguâ el mustbda ha e'lpgstlt = Zgktbus l hâdelrâ qu'lu/

præs ha e'lpgstlt el mustbda sauea trguvlbt lddæs+ \ua Zgktbus e'l

suppebâ ak das taroas% Muebak eub/oíoa e'bkhbqua hlks sgk ras/

drbt% at dael slks âqubvgqua% ak kgoolkt e'lutaur 0³+

Ha datta raquíta sb bopgrtlkta% peusbaurs irlòakts kgussgkt plrvakus+ Eas sb`klturas âtlbakt prâdâhâas ha datta igr/

ouea% qub bkhb`klbt Gptît = « Hgkkâ plr eas âvíquas hu plrtb

ha Hgklt 6³+ Eas pâtbtbgkklbras% ilbslkt lppae ê e'âqubtâ ha

e'aoparaur% hâdelrlbakt « qu'lupræs ha eub el mustbda saueatrguvlbt lddæs ³ = ielttarba qub put dgktrbnuar lu suddæs ha el

hâolrdfa% olbs qub peus tlrh lttbrl sur eas sdfbsoltbquas eas

iguhras h'Luùstbk + Ak hafgrs ha das dbtltbgks taxtuaeeas% gk

<" Gptît% BB% <93 <<<% 43 Luùstbk% Dgk/trl ApbsEuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <>% <23Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>% >:43 20%

>>83 Apbst+ 24% 8% <>3 <:1% >% 23 TarogBB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+

>" « Grhbkltgras tub+++ unb iuarbkt kgkb`kgrls% at qub vae l qug patbvarbkt at qul/eao rg`lvarbkt% ut rahbrakt at taduo rahbra

pgtubssakt3 at kgs hbhbdbous% duo alshaopradas% quls haharlkt% lpuh lirbdlkgs muhb/

das lhea`lrakt ³ &Gptît% BBB% 4"+

4" Gptît% <<% 0+ ‘ Di+ <% 13 BBB% 4+

8" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb%

F% 20% >>83 Apbst+ <:1% >% 2+

1" Gptît% BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtta/

rls Zatbeblkb% BB% 20% >>8+

9" Luùstbk% Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbseueldgktrl Hgkltbittls% <<% >63 <2% 823 elMgflkkbs Avlkqae'oo trldeltbbsPUU%U+~e+

0" Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <<% 2>%

>:4 at >:1+

6" Gptît% <<,% 4+

2" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/oakblkb% B% <>% <23 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatb/



>1: EA HGKLXBTOA

paut radgkstbtuar ê pau præs ea dgktaku hu hgduoakt+ Easâvíquas pâtbtbgkklbras dgooakàlbakt plr sa pelbkhra ha e'bk/

musta parsâdutbgk hgkt bes lvlbakt âtâ vbdtboas+ Bes bkvgqulbaktea hrgbt dgoouk+ Bes haolkhlbakt e'lssbobeltbgk hu sdfbsoalirbdlbk lux sadtas fârâtbquas% luxquaeeas e'aoparaur vaklbt harakhra tguta ebdakda+ Ak dgksâquakda% bes ravakhbqulbakt ukaaktbæra ebnartâ ha dgksdbakda% ha dueta at ha prgpl`lkha+ Qsrâdelolbakt e'lnrg`ltbgk ha e'âhbt ha Dgkstlkt% at ha tgutas eas

oasuras lrnbtrlbras qub lvlbakt lddgopl`kâ gu subvb ea râtlnebs/

saoakt ha e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Bes bksbstlbakt sur+ haux pgbkts =

rlppae has prgsdrbts% rastbtutbgk has nlsbebquasat

ha tgus easnbaks% y dgoprbs eas ebvras slbkts% qub lvlbakt lpplrtaku ê eaurs

dgoouklutâs <

+ ‘ Gk slbt qua ea rasdrbt ha e'aoparaur hgkklpeabka sltbsildtbgk lux pâtbtbgkklbras >

+ Gk slbt lussb dgooakteas Hgkltbstas usærakt ha eaur vbdtgbra% at rastlurærakt eaurs

Âèbsas hlks tguta e'Lirbqua% plr has ravakhbdltbgks ak mustbda%

plr h'luhldbaux dgups ha olbk% plr e'bktbobhltbgk at el tar/

raur 4+

Hu taops ha datta ravlkdfa has sdfbsoltbquas hltlbakt slkshguta peusbaurs hgduoakts h'Fbppgka% hgkt plrea Luùstbk+D'ast h'lngrh ea olkhaoakt% grb`bkle hlks sl kblbsarba% hae'âvíqua Ilustbkus% qub bktarhbt lux nguelkàrs ha sgk hbgdæsa

ha dubra ea plbk has Dltfgebquas = « L Fbppgka gò ma subs% hbt

Luùstbk lux Hgkltbstas% nbak has àks sa sguvbakkakt huolkhaoakt lhrassâ ê sas ibhæeas plr vgtra Ilustbkus% lu taopsha sgk ræ`ka+ Be y lvlbt legrs% hlks kgtra vbeea% træs pakhaDltfgebquas+ E'âvíqua hâiakhbt hâilbra dubra eaur plbk+ Qk ngu/

elkàr% qub âtlbt egdltlbra h'uk hbldra ha kgtra Âèbsa% matl slksea dubra ea plbk ha sgk prgprbâtlbra+ Ea hbldra k'âtlbt pls fgrsel egb ak vartu h'uka saktakda h'axbe = at dapakhlkt% e'gk raiusl

ha dgooukbquar lvad eub% kgk saueaoakt hlks uka dbtâ

rgolbka% olbs hlks sl pltrba% at kgk saueaoakt hlks sl pltrba%

olbs hlks sl prgpra olbsgk' ³+ Ak 8: M% hlta ha da taxta h'Luùs/tbk% ea olkhaoakt ha Ilustbkus âtlbt hâmê lkdbak% pls lssaz

dapakhlkt pgur qua eas vbabeelrhs h'Fbppgka k'ak aussakt dgk/

sarvâea sguvakbr+ H'lutra plrt% Ilustbkus k'lvlbt pu prgoue/

eblkb% BB% 2>% >:4 at >:13 20% >>8= Tarog <68 3 2>% >:1= 20% >>8+ ‘ Di+ Dgh+ Xfagh+%Be bk Zsl o+ 49% <63 Apbst+ 24% 8% <>3 VYB% 1+ 40+

<:1%>% 2+ 4" Gptît% BB% <0/<23 BBB% 43 YB% </> at

b" Gptît% F% <93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 1/03 Luùstbk% Dgkerl A kstuelo Zlr/24% 8% <>/<43 <:1% >% 23 Dgkerl F ebarls oakblkb% B% <>% <23 Dgkerl ebeearls Zaeb/Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>% >:13 20% >>8+ eblkb% BB% 64+ < T8 3 2>% >:43 20% >>8+

>" Gptît% <<% <93 Lu ustbk% Apbst+ <:1% 8" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebeearls Yaebeblkb%

>% 23 Dgktrl ebeearls Zatbebkkb% BB% 64% <<% 64%<68+




ùar dat âtrlkà lrrít qu'ak uk taops ha drbsa gò be axaràlbt ê

Fbppgka uka vârbtlnea hbdtltura% « lu taops ha sgk ræ`ka ³%

hbt Luùstbk <

+ Das haux bkhbdltbgks paroattakt ha suppgsarlvad naludgup ha vrlbsaonelkda qua ea olkhaoakt ha Ilustb/

kus iut elkdâ sgus Muebak% vars 49>% egrs hu ratgur trbgopflkthas axbeâs+

Zakhlkt ea oíoa âpbsdgplt iurakt râhb`âs hbvars tastloakts%

plr easquaes has Hgkltbstas h'Fbppgka eâùlbakt has prgprbâtâs

at has olbsgks ê eaur Âèbsa+ Dbkqulkta lks peus tlrh% tgus das

nbaks iurakt dgkibsquâs ak vartu h'ukâhbt h'Fgkgrbus% at lttrb/

nuâs lux Dltfgebquas >+ L prgpgs ha el dgkibsdltbgk% Luùstbk

oaktbgkka das vbaux tastloakts qub% sgus e'âpbsdgplt haIlustb/

kus% lvlbakt akrbdfb el dgoouklutâ sdfbsoltbqua h'Fbppgka =

« \uae lrùoakt kgus gppgsakt eas Hgkltbstas% ka sldflkt peus

quahbra7 Bes vgkt râpâtlkt= « Gk kguslprbs kgs iaroas &vbeela"%

gk kgus l prbs kgs hgolbkas &iukhç"+ ³ Bes prghubsakt has tastl/

oakts = « Ygbdb% hbsakt/bes% e'ldta plr eaquae @lbus Tabus lhgkkâuk hgolbka ê e'Âèbsa qub lvlbt pgur dfai Ilustbkus ³+ ‘ Olbsquaeea ast datta Âèbsa hgkt Ilustbkus âtlbt âvíqua7 \u'ast/da

qua datta Âèbsa7 ‘ D'ast% hbt/gk% e'Âèbsa hgkt Ilustbkus âtlbt

ea dfai+ ‘ Olbs Ilustbkus k'âtlbt pls ea dfai ha e'Aèbsa 3 be âtlbt

ea dfai h'uk plrtb+++ Ygus slvaz% oas iræras% qua olbktaklkt das

iaroas k'lpplrtbakkakt pls parsgkkaeeaoakt ê Luùstbk+ Tb

vgus ka ea slvaz pls% sb vgus drgyaz qua ma prakhs pelbsbr ê el

pgssassbgk ha das iaroas% af nbak , Hbau oa dgkklët3 be slbt% eub%

da qua ma paksa ha das iaroas% at da qua m'y sguiira 4³+ ‘ Tb

Luùstbk sguiirlbt has trldls qua eub dluslbt e'lhobkbstrltbgkha das kguvalux hgolbkas lttrbnuâs ê sgk Âèbsa% eas Hgkltbstas

sguiirlbakt nbak hlvlktlà ê el paksâa ha das ea`s qu'gk lkku/elbt nrutleaoakt% ê el vua has olbsgks at has tarras hgkt gkhâpgssâhlbt eaur dgoouklutâ+

Das hgduoakts h'Fbppgka% das tastloakts ha sdfbsoltbquas%

da olkhaoakt ha Ilustbkus% âdelbrakt h'uk mgur dru el tyrlkkba

bksgeakta at el rbdfassa tarrbtgrblea ha e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta akdatta vbeea lvlkt ea taops h'Luùstbk+ Bes âdelbrakt lussb% plr

uk axaopea typbqua% e'fbstgbra `âkârlea hu Hgkltbsoa pakhlktdatta pârbgha = lpræs ea rasdrbt ha Muebak% eas sdfbsoltbquaslirbdlbks ka sa dgktaktærakt pls h'lnusar ha eaur vbdtgbra% bes

surakt el rakhra hurlnea plr uk hâvguaoakt axdeusbi lux bktâ/

ríts ha eaur Âèbsa% qu'bes akrbdfbrakt pgur el igrtbibar+

<" « Ilustbkuo vastruo ra`kb sub ta bk/ ùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 2% 49+

pgra ³ {bnbh+% BB% 64% <68"+ 4" Luùstbk% Bk Mgclkkbs Avlkàebuo>" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1>+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ trld tleus YB% >1+



>1> EA HGKLXBTOA

L døtâ has pbædas giibdbaeeas at has pbædas prgpraoakt hgkl/tbstas% kgus lvgks sb`kleâ uka trgbsbæoa dltâ`grba ha hgdu/

oakts = eas pbædas muhbdblbras+ Tb ole dgkkua qua kgus sgbt dattasârba% gk raeæva has trldas ha peusbaurs hgssbars raeltbis ê hasprgdæs suddassbis luxquaes iurakt oíeâs has sdfbsoltbquas lirb/

dlbks = prgdæs aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas sgus ea ræ`ka haMuebak% pubs lpræs el ogrt ha dat aoparaur3 at% quaequaslkkâas peus tlrh% prgdæs aktra Hgkltbstas ha haux sadtas rbvleas+

Eas peus bopgrtlkts ha das hgssbars hltlbakt hu taops haMuebak+ L pabka raktrâs ak Lirbqua% eas âvgquas hbssbhakts sa

prâgddupærakt ha radguvrar eas nlsbebquas at lutras booauneasqub lvlbakt lpplrtaku ê eaurs lkdbakkas dgoouklutâs% at qublvlbakt âtâ dgkibsquâs ak vartu ha e'âhbt h'ukbgk+ Zlrtgut gò eas

Dltfgebquas ka dâhærakt pls ha ngkka `rîda gu havlkt el igrda%

eas âvíquas hgkltbstas eaur bktaktærakt has prgdæs ak rastbtutbgk+

Xgutas das liilbras plrlbssakt lvgbr âtâ pgrtâas hbradtaoakthavlkt eas peus flutas murbhbdtbgks ha el dgktrâa% eas trbnukluxhas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks &lirbdlkb muhbdas"-+ Eas ravakhbdl/tbgks vbslbakt kgk saueaoakt eas booauneas% olbs akdgra ea

ognbebar ebtur`bqua% musqu'lux ebvras slbkts+ D'ast da qua kgushbt axprassâoakt Gptît = « Zlr eas trbnuklux sâduebars at eas

egbs punebquas% ak ilbslkt axâdutar eas lrríts plr el pgebda% vguslvaz axtgrquâ ê uka iguea ha kgs âvíquas eas ebvras ha el egb

hbvbka = vgus lvaz vgueu pgssâhar ê vgus saues da qua kgus pgs/

sâhbgks ak dgoouk hlks e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Ma ka drlbks pls hahbra% ogb dfrâtbak% da qua k'gkt pu b`kgrar eas axâdutaursplçaks% l`bsslkt sur vgtra raquíta = vgus lvaz axtgrquâ eas

vgbeas h'lutae at eas ebvras hu Tab`kaur% qua hapubs egk`taopskgus pgssâhbgks ak dgoouk+ Lvad eas olkusdrbts% vgus lvazaxtgrquâ eas âtgiias > ³+ Eas delusas hu rasdrbt ha Muebak âtlktigroaeeas% eas muàs ka purakt qua hgkkar `lbk ha dlusa luxHgkltbstas% at eaur lttrbnuar da qu'bes ravakhbqulbakt+ Ak dlsha râsbstlkda has Dltfgebquas% e'axâdutbgk has muàoakts rakhusplreas trbnuklux dbvbes &muhbdbl sladuelrbl" iut lssurâa plr e'bk/

tarvaktbgk has lutgrbtâs egdleas at ha el pgebda &axadutbg gi bdbg/

ruo-"+Zgur dflqua liilbra% ea hgssbar &muhbduo @dsbl" dgopraklbttrgbs plrtbas = uka dgpba ha el raquíta has Hgkltbstas ê e'aopa/raur &patbtbg% pradas"3 uka dgpba hu rasdrbt ha Muebak Srasdrbpeuo%dgkstbtutbg" 3 akibk% ea taxta ha el raquíta hu haolkhaur {lbea

e":|³tlt% BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbs/ Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% =3% 40+

euelo Zlroakblkb% B% <>% <23 Dgktrl >" Gptît% YB% 1+

ebetarls Zaebeblkb% <<% 2>% >:4+ ‘ Di+ 4" Bnbh+% YB% 1+



hgduoakts fbstgrbquas >14

i ltbg"% at ea prgdæs/varnle has hânlts Sleea`ltbgkbs @astl"-+ Be ast

prgnlnea qua% sur eas bkstrudtbgks ha eaur prbolt% eas âvgquashgkltbstas s'âtlbakt obs h'lddgrh pgur lhgptar uk oghæeaukbqua ha prgdâhura+ D'ast pgurqugb Gptît at Luùstbk plreakttlktøt ha kgonraux hgssbars% tlktøt h'uk saue = eas hgssbars gkthó ítra bkkgonrlneas% olbs tgus sa rassaonelbakt+ Das prgdæshu taops ha Muebak dgoptlbakt ak Lirbqua plrob eas dlusasdâeænras = qulrlkta lks peus tlrh% eas @astl muhbduo qub s'y rlp/pgrtlbakt aurakt eas fgkkaurs h'uka træs elrà punebdbtâ% qub

tgurkl lu sdlkhlea+ Ak 8:1% lu ogoakt gò e'gk dfardflbt ê akQkbr lvad ea Hgkltbsoa% ea `guvarkaoakt daktrle bol`bkl hahâdgksbhârar e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua ak hâogktrlkt ê tgus slogkstruausa leeblkda h'lutraigbs lvad e'aoparaur lpgstlt =

Fgkgrbus grhgkkl ha ilbra liibdfar hlks tgutas eas dbtâs lirb/

dlbkas das @astl ha 49> gò ibùrlbakt el raquíta ha e'âvíqua Zgk/tbus at ea rasdrbt ha Muebak >

+

Muebak ogrt% dartlbks âvíquas dltfgebquas saoneakt lvgbrdfardfâ ê prakhra eaur ravlkdfa% ak sa ilbslkt rastbtuar plr eas

trbnuklux uka plrtba has booauneas prâdâhaooakt lttrbnuâslux Hgkltbstas+ Gptît% vars 499% oaktbgkka has prgdæs ha daàkra% pelbhas ha sgk taops% gò eas haolkhaurs havlbakt ítra

has Dltfgebquas = « Hapubs ea taops ha Hgklt at musqu'ê lumgur/h'fub% hbt Gptît% tgutas eas igbs qua havlkt eas trbnuklux punebdss'ast ak`l`â quaequa prgdæs raeltbi lux liilbras addeâsblstbquas%

tgus eas Hgkltbstas gkt hâdelrâ ak mustbda% hlks e'bktarrg`ltgbra%

qu'bes âtlbakt hu plrtb ha Hgklt = bes k'gkt pls plreâ hu Dfrbst 4 ³+

Hlks da plsslà% Gptît plrlët ilbra leeusbgk% kgk pls lux prgdæsha 49>% hgkt be plrea aksubta'% olbs ê has prgdæs peus râdakts%tgut ê ilbt dgktaopgrlbks% hgkt e'gnmat âtlbt prâdbsâoakt h'gnta/kbr e'lkkueltbgk h'lrríts lktârbaurs+ L e'lppub ha eaurs ravakhb/dltbgks% eas âvíquas dltfgebquas havlbakt bkvgquar sgbt quaequadgkstbtutbgk parhua gò âtlbt lnrg`â ea rasdrbt ha Muebak% sgbt

e'uk has kgonraux âhbts elkdâs plr hbvars aoparaurs dgktraeas fârâtbquas+

Qka harkbæra dltâ`grba ha pbædas muhbdblbras dgopraklbt eashgssbars has prgdæs qub obrakt lux prbsas eas ^g`ltbstas at eas

Zlroâkblkbstas% vars ea taops ha el râvgeta ha Ibrous% aktra

<" Gptît% BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbs/ lebqul daeanrltl ast ldtbg% bktarrg`ltb sbu/

tueuo Zlroakblkb% B% <>% <23 Dgktrl ùeb sbd lpuh Ldtl egdueb suît% ut hbdaraktebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 2>% >:4 at >:13 sa ha plrta assa Hgkltb+++ ³ &Gptît% <<<%

20% >>8+ 4"+

>" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 40+ 8" « Klbk duo at grhbkltgras tub+++ pra/4" « Qsqua bk fghbarkuo sb qulkhg ha das quls haharlut lpuh lirbdlkgs muhbdas

rânus addeasblstbdbs bk muhbdbbs punebdbs lhea`lrakt ++ ³ &bnbh+% BBB% 4"+



>18 EA HGKLXBTOA

40: at 401+ ^g`ltus% âvíqua hbssbhakt ha Dlrtakkl ak Olurâ/tlkba% vaklbt ha rgopra lvad el `rlkha Aèbsa hgkltbsta% at haigkhar uka patbta Aèbsa bkhâpakhlkta% qub ha sgk kgo s'lppaele'Aèbsa ^g`ltbsta &plrs ^g`ltb" <

+ Eas Zlroâkblkbstas s'ldflr/kærakt dgktra el sadta kguvaeea% qu'bes dfardfærakt ê lkâlktbrlvad e'lbha ha eaur leebâ Ibrous >

+ Bes prâtakhbrakt akeavar lux^g`ltbstas eaurs nlsbebquas% hgkt bes ravakhbquærakt ak mustbda

el prgprbâtâ axdeusbva% slks hguta havlkt ea trbnukle hu `gu/varkaur ha Dâslrbakka 4

+ ^g`ltus eub/oíoa mgul uk røea træs

ldtbi hlks das dgktastltbgks muhbdblbras = be euttl% kgus hbt/gk%

« lvad uka parsâvârlkda bkiltb`lnea% oíoa havlkt eas trbnu/klux ³-+ Be sarlbt bktârasslkt h'lvgbr has raksab`kaoakts peusaxpebdbtas sur das prgdæs aktra ^g`ltbstas at Zlroâkblkbstas%qub lkkgkdakt eas `rlkhs prgdæs aktra Zrboblkbstas at Olxb/oblkbstas+ H'lbeeaurs% qu'be s'l`bssa ha Dltfgebquas ak ùarralvad eas sdfbsoltbquas% gu ha Hgkltbstas sa quaraeelkt aktraaux% el pgssassbgk has nlsbebquas âtlbt e'akmau grhbklbra ha dasprgdæs% ea tfæoa ogkgtgka ha das hgssbars muhbdblbras+

BY

Hgduoakts hu taops h'Luùstbk &42>/84:"+ ‘ @rlkh kgonra has pbædas dgksar/vâas gu plrtbaeeaoakt dgkkuas+ ‘ Hbiiâraktas dltâ`grbas+ ‘ Ahbts at egbs hasaoparaurs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Egb ha Xfâghgsa ak 42>+ ‘ Lutras egbs atrasdrbts+ ‘ Ahbt h'ukbtâ ha 8:4+ ‘ Ahbt ha tgeârlkda ha 8<:+ ‘ Ahbt h'ukbgk ha8<>+ ‘ Harkbæras egbs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa lu taops h'Luùstbk+ ‘ Ahbts has`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks at has dgoobsslbras bopârblux+ ‘ Ahbts hu prgdgksueTaptbobkus at h'lutras `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks ak 8:4+ ‘ Ahbts hu prgdgksueHgkltus ak 8:6+ ‘ Ahbts ha Olrdaeebkus ak 8<<+ ‘ Ahbt ha Dladbeblkus ak 8<4+‘ Ahbt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Oldahgkbus ak 8<8+ ‘ Ahbts hu trbnuk Huedbtbus vars8>:+ ‘ Hgduoakts hgkltbstas+ ‘ Ebsta has âvgquas sdfbsoltbquas ha Dgkstlk/tbka+ ‘ Ebstas ha +sgusdrbptbgks+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgks hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgkha Tbkbtuo ak /<:2+ ‘ Tgooltbgk ha prítras sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgk haHgkltus ha BPutuàkkl+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgks gu Lvartbssaoakts dltfgebquas+ ‘ Zrg/deloltbgk h'Luùstbk lux Hgkltbstas elçquas ak 8:4+ ‘ Hgduoakts liibdfâs êFbppgka vars 8:9+ ‘ Lvartbssaoakts lux Hgkltbstas ak 8:2 at ak 8<>+ ‘ Hgdu/oakts raeltbis lux Dgkiârakdas aktra eas haux plrtbs+ ‘ Dgopta/rakhu hasDgkiârakdas ha Xfunursbauo Kuobhlruo ak 420/426+ ‘ Zrgdæs varnle h'ukaaktravua lvad Oldrgnbus% âvæqud hgkltbsta h'Fbppgka% ak 8<:+ ‘ @asel prgdgk/suelrbl at @asel vbdlrbla prlai'adturla% raeltbis lux prgmats ha Dgkiârakdas ak8:4+ ‘ @astl oukbdbplebl ha Dlrtflà% h'Fbppgka% ha Dlelol% raeltbis lux kâ`g/

dbltbgks ha 8:4+ ‘ @astl prlaiadtgrbl ha Flvakkds ak 8:9+ ‘ Lutras prgdæs/varnlux ha Dgkiârakdas+

Hurlkt el pârbgha ha qulrlkta lks qub dgrraspgkh ê el prí/

<" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 60% <:3 24% < at 4" Apbse+ 24%4%<< atsubv+

subv+ 3 Lh Dlefgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl 8" « ^g`ltus ludtgr vastar+++ ha kasdbg

Hgklebstls% 4% 93 <8%49+ qubnus ranus &ut hbdbtbs" vastrbs% ldarrbol>[ Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroækblkb% B% parsavarlktbl% atblo igraksb hbsdaptltbgka

<Q% <9 at subv+ 3 Dgktrl ebebarls Zatb/ dgkiebxbt ³ {Apbse+ 24% 4% <<"+

tlkt% BB+ «+ <68+




trbsa at ê e'âpbsdgplth'Luùstbk% surtgut pakhlkt

el praobæraogbtbâ ha datta pârbgha% eas hgduoakts raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa sa

ouetbpebakt hlks has prgpgrtbgks axtrlgrhbklbras+ Ha 42> ê 8<>%el eutta dgktra ea sdfbsoa l âtâ el prâgddupltbgk prbkdbplea hae'Aèbsa lirbdlbka% qub sut legrs prakhra e'giiaksbva% prgibtar hasdbrdgkstlkdas% rloakar at ibxar el igrtuka+ Luùstbk at saslobs aurakt pgur prbkdbpa ha pgrtar el quastbgk havlkt ea

punebd = lussb el ùarra aktra eas haux Aèbsas s'ast/aeea pgur/subvba prasqua tgumgurs ê dbae guvart% ê dgups ha prgdeloltbgksat+ h'liibdfas% ha raquítas giibdbaeeas at h'âhbts% ha hbsdgurs at hasarogks% havlkt e'aoparaur at eas `guvarkaurs% havlkt eas trb/

nuklux% hlks eas lssaoneâas ha ibhæeas% hlks eas dgkdbeas% hlkshas dgkiârakdas punebquas at dgktrlhbdtgbras% hlks has dgktrg/varsas rataktbsslktas at has ebvras plrtgut râplkhus+ Has hauxplrts% gk ibxlbt lvad sgbk% hlks has prgdæs/varnlux stâkg`rl/pfbâs% ea sguvakbr has hâdbsbgks prbsas% has hânlts% has ogbkhrashâolrdfas+ Naludgup ha das pbædas kgus sgkt plrvakuas

aktbæras gu plr irlòakts% hlks eas Ŕuvras h'Luùstbk% gulutgur h'aeeas% gu `rîda ê aeeas = sgbt bksârâas lu obebau oíoaha das Ŕuvras% sgbt ramatâas hlks has Lppakhbdas% sgbt dgpbâasha `âkârltbgk ak `âkârltbgk ê dlusa ha eaur âtrgbt rlppgrt lvadeas ebvras pgeâobquas hu olëtra+

Be ka s'l`bt pgbkt bdb ha plssar ak ravua tgutas eas pbædas hadatta âpgqua qub pauvakt lvgbr uka vleaur hgduoaktlbra =

hlks datta ravua hâibearlbt tguta el ebttârltura hgkltbsta gu lktb/

hgkltbsta ha el ibk hu bv a sbædea at has praobæras lkkâas hu v a+

Kgus ka havgks kgus gddupar% pgur+ ea ogoakt% qua has hgdu/oakts h'lrdfbvas% at akdgra ha daux/eê saues hgkt kgus k'lurgkspls ê plrear peus egbk+ Kgus elbssargks hgkd ha døtâ% prgvbsgb/raoakt% peusbaurs sârbas ha pbædas fbstgrbquas% qub dgoptaktplrob eas peus bopgrtlktas = tgutas eas Ŕuvras pgeâobquash'Luùstbk at ha sas plrtbslks% gu has sdfbsoltbquas ha sgktaops 3 tgutas eas eattras ha Hgkltbstas gu raeltbvas lu Hgkl/tbsoa 3 eas sarogks gu lutras hbsdgurs% qub sa rlppgrtakt lux

oíoas dgktrgvarsas3 tgutas eas pbædas âolklkt has dgkdbeas3akibk% eas hgssbars muhbdblbras% qub% ak rlbsgk ha eaur kgonra at

ha eaur bktârít spâdble% kgus plrlbssakt oârbtar uka pelda êplrt+ Xgut dael âdlrtâ% be kgus rasta ê âtuhbar bdb dbkq `rgupasha pbædas grb`bkleas% hgkt naludgup sgkt igrt bopgrtlktas pgure'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa = <º eas âhbts at dgkstbtutbgks has aopa/raurs3 >º eas âhbts has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks at has dgoobs/slbras bopârblux3 4º eas hgduoakts râhb`âs plr has Hgkltbstas%prgdeloltbgks gu prgtastltbgks gu lutras pbædas 3 8º eas Lvar/



>19 EA HGKLXBTOA

tbssaoakts gu prgdeloltbgks has Dltfgebquas3 1º eas hgduoakts

raeltbis lux Dgkiârakdas gu lux prgmats ha Dgkiârakdas aktraeas haux plrtbs+

El sârba has dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas ast h'uka rbdfassa sbk/

ùebæra3 at prasqua tgutas kgus sgkt plrvakuas hlks eaur taxtagrb`bkle+ Kgus kgus dgktaktargks h'uka oaktbgk rlpbha gu h'ukatræs nræva lkleysa pgur el peuplrt ha das pbædas ha dflkdaeearba3kgus kgus lrrítargks saueaoakt ê daeeas qub gkt axardâ ukaldtbgk hâdbsbva sur eas hastbkâas ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+

Xaeea ast el dgkstbtutbgk prgoueùâa plr Xfâghgsa ea <1 mubk

42>% vars ea taops gò Luùstbk aktrlbt ak sdæka at gò eas Dltfg/ebquas lirbdlbks rapraklbakt e'giiaksbva+ Datta egb irlpplbt h'ukaloakha ha hbx ebvras h'gr tgut fârâtbqua qub sa sarlbt ilbt

grhgkkar deard gu qub lurlbt prgdâhâ ê e'grhbkltbgk% at qubdgkqualurlbt ildbebtâ eas râukbgks beeâ`leas 3 aeea prasdrbvlbt ha dgkibs/

quar eas olbsgks gò sa sarlbakt takuas das lssaoneâas <+ Dgo/

plrâa ê el peuplrt ha daeeas qub e'gkt prâdâhâa gu subvba% el

dgkstbtutbgk hu <1 mubk 42> âtlbt raeltbvaoakt oghârâa = d'ast

ak plrtba pgur dael qu'aeea iut lssaz aiibdlda% lu ogbks akLirbqua+ \ugbqu'aeea ka vbsît pls spâdbleaoakt eas Hgkltbstas%aeea parobt h'lttabkhra% ak irlpplkt ê el ngursa% daux ha eaurs

deards qub akdgurlàlbakt eas vbgeakdas gu qub elbsslbakt ilbra+

Luùstbk eub/oøoa% qub râpu`klbt akdgra ê e'bhâa h'aopegyar el

dgktrlbkta% ka sa ibt pls sdrupuea ha raquârbr e'lppebdltbgk

h'uka egb qub paroattlbt ha pukbr eas lutaurs gu eas dgopebdashas lttaktlts slks rakhra ghbaux eas lddusltaurs at slks hgkkarlux dguplneas uka lurâgea ha olrtyra+ Nrai% pakhlkt

ukahguzlbka h'lkkâas% e'loakha has hbx ebvras h'gr iut uka oakldadgkstlooakt suspakhua sur el títa has deards sdfbsoltbquas+D'ast vars 421% hlks ea prgdæs bktaktâ ê e'âvíqua Gptltus haXflou`lhb havlkt ea vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Tarlkus% qua eas

âvgquas dltfgebquas bkvgquærakt ak mustbda% pgur el praobæraigbs% el dgkstbtutbgk ha 42> >

+ Yars e'lkkâa 8::% qulkh Drbs/

pbkus ha Dlelol ranlptbsl ha igrda eas dgegks h'uk ha sas hg/olbkas% Luùstbk ea oaklàl ha el iloausa loakha 4

+ Xrgbs lkspeus tlrh% ê el subta ha e'lttaktlt dgktra sgk dgeeæùa Zgssbhbus%

ea oíoa Drbspbkus iut dgkhlokâ plr ea prgdgksue ê plyar eas

hbx ebvras h'gr3 be k'âdflppl ê datta druaeea kâdassbtâ qua `rîdaê el `âkârausa bktarvaktbgk has lddusltaurs -+ Lu dgkdbea ha

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% ><+ ‘ Di+ <<<%80% 1<+

Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 99% <3 66%03 <:1% >% 83 >" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebttarus Zatbtblkb%

<61%0% >13 Dgkeo Apbseuelo e'lroa/ <<%64% <68+

kblkb% <% <>% <23 Dgktrl ebttarls Zaeb/ 4" Apbse+ 99% <+

eblkt% <<% 64% <683 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% 8" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <83 Lu/




Dlrtflà hu <9 mubk 8:8% Luùstbk ibt hâdbhar e'akvgb h'ukaeattra sykghlea at h'uka lonlsslha ê e'aoparaur% pgur eub

haolkhar ha spâdbibar qua eas egbs `âkârleas dgktra eas fârâ/

tbquas% kgtlooakt el egb ha 42>% âtlbakt lppebdlneas lux deards

hgkltbstas lddusâs havlkt eas trbnuklux pgur vbgeakdas dgo/obsas hlks eaur hbgdæsa'+ H'lbeeaurs% eas lttaktlts qub sa ouetb/

peblbakt ê da ogoakt pgussærakt ea `guvarkaoakt ê has oasurasnaludgup peus rb`gurausas-= hlks el tguroakta qub subvbt

e'âhbt ha 8:1% eas sdfbsoltbquas hurakt ra`rattar ea taops gò e'gk

sa tbrlbt h'liilbra lvad e'loakha ha hbx ebvras h'gr+Aktra 42> at 8:8% ea `guvarkaoakt bopârble elkàl nbak

h'lutras dgkstbtutbgks dgktra eas fârâtbquas+ Zlr axaopea% ea

<6 mubeeat 42>% Xfâghgsa prasdrbvbt ha hâpgrtar qubdgkqua trgu/

nearlbt e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua 4+ Ea <1 lvrbe 428% be hâiakhbt lux

fârâtbquas h'grhgkkar has âvíquas U Ea 2 mubeeat ha el oíoalkkâa% be eaur bktarhbt tguta râukbgk% tguta grhbkltbgk% tguta

prgpl`lkha 1+ Haux ogbs lpræs el ogrt ha Xfâghgsa% sas ibes

dgkibroærakt tgutas sas egbs &<4 olrs 421"N

+ Zubs bes pgursub/

vbrakt lvad lrhaur el dlopl`ka dgktra eas akkaobs ha e'Âèbsa

giibdbaeea+ Ea 4: olrs 421% bes hâiakhbrakt lux fârâtbquas ha sa

râukbr% ha dâeânrar luduk dueta% h'grhgkkar luduk deard<

+ Ea4 saptaonra% bes lssbobeærakt eâ`leaoakt lux fârâtbquas qub/

dgkqua k'lhoattlbt pls strbdtaoakt% ak tguta dfgsa% el hgdtrbka

dltfgebqua 6+ Ea >2 mlkvbar 8:8% gk bktarhbt lux làkts bopâ/

rblux% sgus pabka ha dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks% h'lssbstar luxtuouetugsl dgkvaktbduel- U ea << saptaonra% gk spâdbibl qua eas

olëtras% sgus pabka h'loakha% havlbakt aopídfar eaurs asdelvasha sa rakhra ê das lssaoneâas <:

3 ea <6 kgvaonra% gk akmgb`kbt

lux `guvarkaurs ha iaroar tgus eas dgkvaktus beebdbtb ee+ Ak prbk/

dbpa% das dgkstbtutbgks s'lppebqulbakt ê tgut e'Aopbra3 olbsaeeas ka plrlbssakt pls lvgbr au h'aiiat ak Lirbqua% gò aeeas k'gkt

pls elbssâ ha trlda+

Zeus bktârasslktas pgur kgus sgkt eas egbs qub iurakt lhras/

sâas ê has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks% gu qub vbslbakt kattaoakteas dfgsas h'Lirbqua+ Ha 426 ê 8:2% gkt âtâ prgoueùâas ukasârba ha dgkstbtutbgks raeltbvas ê el dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks

ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 0 3 <:1% >% 8 3 Dgktrl 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% >8+

Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 80% 1<+ 9" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% >1+

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 0% >1+ ‘ Di+ 0" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% >9+

Dgh+ ifagh+% VYB% 9% 8 3 Dghax dlkgk+ 63 Bnbh+% VYB%1% >6+Æddeas+ l irbd% dlk+ 24+ 2" Bnbh+% VYB% 8% 8+

>" Dgh+Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 4T 3 9% 4/1+ <:" Bnbh+% VYB% 8+ 1+

4" Bnbh+% VYB% 8% 4+ BB" Bnbh+% VYB% 8% 9+

'+" Bnbh+% VYB% 1% >>+

BY <0



>16 EA HGKLXBTOA

has plrtbslks ha @behgk% at lux pgursubtas dgktra sas dgopebdas%

hgkt naludgup âtlbakt has Hgkltbstas-+ Zlr el egb hu >4 olrs 421%

lhrassâa lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Fbarbus% e'aoparaur Fgkgrbus dgk/ibrol sgeakkaeeaoakt eas prbvbeæàs ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% akeub prgoattlkt lbha at prgtadtbgk dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas >

+ Ea<4 olrs 426% be akvgyl lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Rbdtgrbus ukadgkstbtutbgk Tur eas dlegokbltaurs% qub lvlbt pgur gnmat haoghârar e'axdæs ha zæea has pgebdbars% at qub sa rlppgrtlbt prgnl/

neaoakt lux pgursubtas dgktra eas Hgkltbstas at lutras plrtbslks

ha @behgk 4+ Hlks uka egb hu >1 mubk 422% lhrassâa lu vbdlbra

h'Lirbqua Tlpbhblkus% be dgkibrol ha kguvalu eas prbvbeæàs hasdeards dltfgebquas% at oaklàl h'loakhas eas fârâtbquas gu lutras

qub y pgrtarlbakt lttabkta 8+

Has rasdrbts bopârblux% hgkt plreakt Luùstbk at Zgssbhbus%

vbslbakt e'lppebdltbgk lux Hgkltbstas has egbs `âkârleas dgktra

e'fârâsba+ Yars e'lkkâa 422 ogurut uka `rlkha hloa lirbdlbka% qub

âtlbt Hgkltbsta = plr tastloakt% aeea eâùlbt prasqua tguta sl igr/

tukâa has sdfbsoltbquas% hgkt uk âvíqua% uk dartlbk Luùstbkus+Ea iræra ha el hâiukta% uk Dltfgebqua% lttlqul ea tastloakt+<< ak haolkhl e'lkkueltbgk% ak leeâùlkt el egb `âkârlea qub

bktarhbslbt ê tgut fârâtbqua ha ilbra gu ha radavgbr has hgkl/tbgks gu has ea`s+ Be lhrassl ê e'aoparaur uka suppebqua% gò be

râdelolbt tgut e'fârbtlà% ak sa pelb`klkt lussb has Dbrdgkdae/

ebgks qub prâtakhlbakt sa oíear ha e'liilbra+ Qk rasdrbt bopâ/rble grhgkkl h'lppebquar lux sdfbsoltbquas el egb `âkârlea% at%

ak dgksâquakda% h'lttrbnuar tgut e'fârbtlà lu iræra ha el

hâiukta = qulkt lux Dbrdgkdaeebgks% « s'bes taktlbakt saegk eaur

dgutuoa ha s'y gppgsar plr el vbgeakda ³% e'aoparaur bkhbqulbteas ogyaks ha eas oattra ê el rlbsgk

9+ \uaequas lkkâas peus

tlrh% Drbspbkus ha Dlelol% dgkhlokâ h'lngrh ê e'loakha ha hbx

ebvras h'gr plr ea prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà% pubs hbspaksâ huplbaoakt ha datta loakha plr ea muà sur el raquíta ha e'lddusl/

taur% aut e'bhâa iîdfausa h'ak lppaear ê e'aoparaur dgktra ea

prbkdbpa oøoa haeê dgkhlokltbgk+ Qk rasdrbt h'Fgkgrbus% vars

ea hânut ha 8:8% dgkibrol ea praobar muàoakt% neîol ea prg/

dgksue h'lvgbr ilbneb hlks e'lppebdltbgk ha el egb% at prasdrbvbthâilbra plyar has loakhas ha hbx ebvras h'gr% kgk saueaoakt ê

Drbspbkus% olbs akdgra lu muà at lu raprâsaktlkt ha RGiibdbuo-+

<" Dg5e+ Xfagh+% YBB% 6% < at 2 3 BV% g3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/

42% 43 8:% <23 8>% <9 at <6/<2+ oakblkb% B% <>% <2+

>" Bnbh+% VYB% >% >2+ ³ 3 Apbst+ 66% < = Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%

4" enbh+% BV% 42% 4+ BBB% 80% 1<+

8" enbh+% VYB% >% 48+




Zgurtlkt% e'aoparaur ravbkt sur sl hâdbsbgk% lpræs uka hâolrdfah'Luùstbk at h'lutras âvíquas dltfgebquas = uk kguvalu ras/

drbt lddgrhl el raobsa has loakhas <+

Tlui eas bkhbvbhus hbradtaoakt bktârassâs% eas Hgkltbstas kaplrlbssakt pls s'ítra naludgup bkqubâtâs ha das pbædas ha dflk/daeearba+ Lu dgktrlbra% tgus eas hbssbhakts s'âourakt ha e'âhbt

h'ukbgk ha 8:1% qub hâdrâtlbt el ogrt ha eaur Âèbsa+ Zgussâs ê

ngut plr eas lttaktlts has Dbrdgkdaeebgks at plr eas pelbktas ukl/kboas has âvíquas dltfgebquas% Fgkgrbus at sgk obkbstra Ttbeb/

dfgk râsgeurakt h'lkâlktbr ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk =

dgooa Dgks/tlktbk ak 4<9% dgooa Dgkstlkt ak 480% bes grhgkkærakt ha râtl/

nebr ak Lirbqua% plr tgus eas ogyaks% e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Xae ast

e'gnmat ha e'âhbt qu'bes elkdærakt ea <> iâvrbar 8:1+ Dat âhbt

h'ukbtâ {ahbdtuo ha ukbtlta3 eax ha ukbtlta_ eax lkbtltbs" kakgus ast pls plrvaku bktâ`rleaoakt3 olbs gk paut ea radgkstb/

tuar prasqua dgopeætaoakt lvad eas irlòakts qub ibùrakt luDghaXfâghgsbak% dgooa lutlkt ha egbs hbiiâraktas% sgus datta

hlta hu <> iâvrbar 8:1+ Ygbdb eas delusas ha e'âhbt = râtlnebssa/

oakt ha e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa% lu prgibt has dgoouklutâs dltfg/

ebquas% hlks tgutas eas dbtâs lirbdlbkas3 lssbobeltbgk hu sdfbsoalirbdlbk lux fârâsbas3 grhra h'lppebquar rb`gurausaoakt luxsdfbsoltbquas tgutas eas egbs lktârbauras dgktra eas fârâtbquas3

bktarhbdtbgk ha ilbra gu ha radavgbr has ea`s gu has hgkltbgks3hâiaksa ha ranlptbsar% sgus pabka h'lrrastltbgk booâhblta at ha

dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks3 liirlkdfbssaoakt has asdelvas qu'gklurlbt vgueu ranlptbsar ha igrda at qub sa sarlbakt râiu`bâs hlks

uka âèbsa dltfgebqua 3 lttrbnutbgk lux Dltfgebquas ha tgutaseas nlsbebquas has hbssbhakts3 dgkibsdltbgk has olbsgks at

hgolbkas gò sa sarlbakt râukbs has Hgkltbstas 3 axbe has âvíquasat has deards qub s'gnstbkarlbakt hlks ea sdfbsoa3 loakhas luxdgktravaklkts% oíoa lux `guvarkaurs at lux ol`bstrlts oukb/dbplux qub k'lurlbakt pls lssurâ e'axâdutbgk ha el egb >

+ Dat âhbt

hu <> iâvrbar 8:1 raprghubslbt% hlks eaurs lrtbdeas assaktbaes%

eas âhbts h'ukbgk ha Dgkstlktbk at ha Dgkstlkt 4+ Be y lmgutlbt

ukadelusa h'uka

bopgrtlkdadlpbtlea = e'lssbobeltbgk hu sdfbsoa

lux fârâsbas-+ Zlr eê% lnstrldtbgk ilbta ha e'âhbt eub/oíoa% eas

sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks tgonlbakt sgus ea dgup has bkkgo/nrlneas egbs qub irlpplbakt gu irlpparlbakt eas fârâtbquas+ Zlr

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <83 Lu/ 66% 1/<:3 24% 1% <9/<2 3 <61% 0% >9/>23ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 0+ Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 84% 80 at subv+

>" Dgh+ Xfagh+%UUe% 1% 463 9% 4/13 <<% 4" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 62% 4 3 24% 8% <8+

>+ ‘ Di+ Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% 8+

dlk+ 283 223 <<03 <<23 Luùstbk% Apbst+



>9: EA HGKLXBTOA

uka dgkstbtutbgk hltâa hu 1 olrs 8:1% at lhrassâa lu prgdgksueh'Lirbqua Hbgtbous% e'aoparaur grhgkkl ha ilbra liibdfar hlkstguta e'Lirbqua e'âhbt h'ukbtâ'+ Ea >1 iâvrbar% pgur mustbibar el

prgsdrbptbgk ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua ak el vgulkt lu oâprbsha tgus eas dfrâtbaks% be lvlbt â`leaoakt grhgkkâ e'liibdflà hurasdrbt ha Muebak e'Lpgstlt ak ilvaur has Hgkltbstas-+

Ole`râ el parsâdutbgk qua hâdflëkl e'âhbt h'ukbtâ% e'Âèbsa

hbssbhakta `lrhl sas pgsbtbgks hlks el peus `rlkha plrtba hae'Lirbqua+ D'ast da qua suiibrlbakt ê prguvar eas dgkstbtutbgksbopârbleas prgoueùâas hlks eas lkkâas subvlktas+ Hâmê% ea

6 hâdaonra 8:1% Fgkgrbus lvlbt radgoolkhâ lu prgdgksueh'Lirbqua Hbgtbous ha vabeear ê e'lppebdltbgk has egbs dgktra eas

sdfbsoltbquas at ha dfîtbar slks hâelb eas râdledbtrlkts 4+ El egb

hu <1 kgvaonra 8:0 prasdrbvbt lu prgdgksue Zgriyrbus% suddas/

saur ha Hbgtbous ê Dlrtflà% ha sa ogktrar bkhueàkt pgur eas

rleebâs% olbs bkaxgrlnea pgur eas bktrlksbàlkts 8+ Ak 8:6%

qulkh gk lpprbt el ogrt ha Ttbebdfgk% gk drut ê uka vgeta/ilda

hu `guvarkaoakt daktrle = has Hgkltbstas pau sdrupueaux

ilnrbquærakt at obrakt ak dbrdueltbgk uk ilux âhbt bopârble hatgeârlkda 1+ El râpgksa iut uka dgkstbtutbgk lutfaktbqua% hltâa

hu >8 kgvaonra% at lhrassâa lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Hgkltus =

aeea âhbdtlbt el pabka ha ogrt dgktra eas hbssbhakts qub trgunea/

rlbakt eas dârâogkbas dltfgebquas 9+ Xrgbs mgurs peus tlrh% ea

>0 kgvaonra% e'aoparaur grhgkklbt h'aopídfar tguta râukbgkh'fârâtbquas% ha dgkibsquar eas ebaux h'lssaoneâa% h'axbear tgus

eas dguplneas 0+ Ea <4 mlkvbar 8:2% kguvaeea dgkstbtutbgk =

pabka dlpbtlea dgktra daux qub slddlàlbakt eas âèbsas gu bksue/

tlbakt eas âvíquas at eas deards3 grhra ha pgursubvra h'giibda3

grhra ê tgus ha hâkgkdar eas vbgeakdas3 bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas

lux `guvarkaurs% qub havlbakt haolkhar has trgupas lu dgotah'Lirbqua 6

+ Ea <1 mlkvbar% e'aoparaur rlppael akdgra sl vgegktâha ilbra lppebquar strbdtaoakt tgutas eas egbs 3 be oaklàl harâvgdltbgk eas `guvarkaurs qub k'gnâbrlbakt pls% h'loakhas eas

lutras igkdtbgkklbras trgp pau zâeâs% ha hâpgrtltbgk eas ol`bs/trlts oukbdbplux qub ka hâkgkdarlbakt pls eas bkirldtbgks + Ea

>n. mubk% be oaklàl akdgra ha hbs`rîda tgus daux ha sas làktsqub ka sa dgkigroarlbakt pls lux bkstrudtbgks raàuas <:

+

Lpræs das egbs sb sâværas at das obsas ak haoaura sb axpebdbtas%

<" Dgh+ Xtbagh+% VYB% <<% >+ ùsebk% Apbst+ <::% >+

>" enbh+% VYB% 1% 40+ 0" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 81+

4" enbh+% VYB% 1% 42+ 6" Bnbh+% VYB% >% 4<+

8" enbh+% VYB% 1% 8< at 84+ 2" enbh+% VYB% 1% 89+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:1% >% 9+ <:" enbh+% VYB% 1% 80+

9" Dgh+ Xfagh++ VYB% ';% 8<+ ‘ Di+ Lu/




gk ka s'lttakhlbt ùæra ê e'âhbt bopârble qub iut lhrassâ lu dgota

h'Lirbqua Farldeblkus vars ea hânut ha 8<:'+ D'âtlbt uk vârb/tlnea âhbt ha tgeârlkda = be prgdelolbt el ebnartâ ha tgutas eas

sadtas dfrâtbakkas% ak spâdbiblkt qua « dflduk prltbquarlbt el

raeb`bgk dfrâtbakka subvlkt sl ebnra vgegktâ ³ >+ D'âtlbt% hbt

Luùstbk% el « ebnartâ ha parhbtbgk ³ s+ Aeea ka hurl ùæra+ Eas

âvíquas dltfgebquas sa obrakt lussbtøt ak dlopl`ka = ea dgkdbeaha Dlrtflà hu <8 mubk 8<: suppebl e'aoparaur ha ravakbr sursl hâdbsbgk at ha dgkvgquar uka dgkiârakda `âkârlea aktra eas

haux plrtbs-+ Ea dgota h'Lirbqua Farldeblkus raàut nbaktøt ukakguvaeea dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% hltâa hu >1 lgót 8<:% qublkkuelbt e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda% at qub irlpplbt ha el pabka dlpb/

tlea gu ha el prgsdrbptbgk eas fârâtbquas dgkvlbkdus h'lvgbrtaku has lssaoneâas 1

+ Dapakhlkt% e'aoparaur lddaptl ea prgmatqua eub lvlbt sguobs ea dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+ Be dflràl ukdgoobsslbra spâdble% ea sâkltaur at trbnuk Olrdaeebkus% hadgkvgquar at ha prâsbhar el dgkiârakda% pubs ha râtlnebr e'ukbtâ

lu prgibt ha daeea has haux Âèbsas qub lurlbt prguvâ sl eâ`btb/

obtâ = d'ast e'gnmat h'uka træs bopgrtlkta dgkstbtutbgk% qub asthltâa hu <8 gdtgnra 8<:% at qua kgus ratrguvargks hlks ea hgs/

sbar ha el dâeænra dgkiârakda takua ê Dlrtflà ak 8<< 9+

E'âhbt h'ukbgk% prgoueùâ plr Fgkgrbus ea 4: mlkvbar 8<>%iut el dgkibroltbgk hâibkbtbva ha el saktakda ha Olrdaeebkus at

ha sgk âhbt hu >9 mubk 8<< dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ Da iut lussb

uka râpgksa ê uka hâolrdfa bopruhakta has sdfbsoltbquas =

e'lppae qu'bes lvlbakt lhrassâ ê e'aoparaur dgktra el hâdbsbgkat eas ldtas

hu dgoobsslbra+ Ea kguvaeâhbt h'ukbtâ%

hgkt kguspgssâhgks ea taxta bktâ`rle% âtlbt akdgra peus sâværa qua daeub

ha 8:1+ H'lngrh% be râvgqulbt tgutas eas oasuras lktârbauras hatgeârlkda% at dgkibrolbt eas egbs ha râprassbgk+ Zubs be spâdbiblbt

qua tgus eas Hgkltbstas% deards gu elçquas% ebnras gu asdelvas%

fgooas gu iaooas% havlbakt booâhbltaoakt raktrar hlkse'Cèbsa dltfgebqua+ Be supprbolbt klturaeeaoakt tgutas eas

dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas% at% subvlkt e'uslà% lttrbnulbt luxdgoouklutâs dltfgebquas eas nlsbebquas gu lutras booauneas+

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1<3 Dghax <%>8%>0"+dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd+ % dlk+ <:03 Dgeeît+ 8" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+

Dlrtfl`+% B% 8 3 BBB% >2 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:03 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 8 at subv+ 3 BBB%

<:6% 9% <63 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% >8% >23 Luùstbk% N7-avbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<%>% > at

>0+ subv+

>" « Eax hltl ast ut ebnârl vgeuktlta 1" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1<+

qubs duetuo Dfrbstblkbeltbs axdbparat ³ 9" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% <<% 43 Dgeeît+

{Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ <:0"+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 83 <<<% >23 Luùstbk% Nravbd+

4" « Ygnbs beel parhbtbgkbs Fnartlta dgk/ Dgeeît+% B% < 3 <<<% >+

dassl « &Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%



>9> EA HGKLXBTOA

Dgktra eas râdledbtrlkts gu eas suspadts% be hrasslbt uka âdfaeea

ha pabkas% slvlooakt `rlhuâas saegk el dgkhbtbgk has dgupl/

neas+ Eas âvíquas at eas deards sarlbakt hâpgrtâs fgrs h'Lirbqua%at raeâùâs bsgeâoakt hlks has prgvbkdas egbktlbkas+ Eas elçquas

sarlbakt irlppâs h'loakhas% hgkt ea tlux s'âeavlbt lvad ea rlk`3ak dls h'gnstbkltbgk% gk prgkgkdarlbt el dgkibsdltbgk has nbaks+

Eas asdelvas at eas dgegks sarlbakt rloakâs hlks eas vgbas ha el

vrlba raeb`bgk plr has dgups at lutras dfîtboakts dgrpgraes% quaeaurs olëtras gu prgprbâtlbras âtlbakt takus ha eaur bkiebàr%

sgus pabka h'loakhas+ Has oíoas loakhas âtlbakt oakldâs

akdgratgus eas làkts bopârblux qub ogktrarlbakt trgp

pauha zæea hlks e'lppebdltbgk ha el egb gu el hâkgkdbltbgk has dgu/plneas% hlks el hâiaksa has bktâríts dgoouks ha el raeb`bgk at

hu ibsd <+

Ea dgup iut ogrtae pgur e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% hgkt dgo/oakàl nbaktøt e'l`gkba sâduelbra+ Ea `guvarkaoakt bopârbleasslyl ha e'lbhar ê ogurbr peus vbta% ak e'lddlnelkt sgus has egbs

kguvaeeas+ Ea >< olrs 8<4% dgkibroltbgk has oasuras lktâ/rbauras dgktra qubdgkqua ranlptbslbt gu sa elbsslbt ranlptbsar 4

+

Ea <0 mubk 8<8% dgkstbtutbgk lhrassâa lu prgdgksue h'LirbquaMueblkus = grhra h'akeavar eaurs hrgbts dbvbes lux sdfbsoltbquas%h'lttrbnuar eaurs âèbsas lux Dltfgebquas% ha hâpgrtar eas âvíquasat deards hbssbhakts% h'bkiebàr has loakhas lux dgktravaklkts%has dfîtboakts dgrpgraes lux dgegks gu asdelvas 4

+ Ea 4: lgót8<8% ak râpgksa ê dartlbks nrubts qub dgurlbakt ak Lirbqua% ea

oíoa prgdgksue iut lvbsâ plr el dflkdaeearba qua el dgkhlokl/tbgk at el ogrt ha Olrdaeebkus k'aktrlëklbakt ak rbak e'lkkuel/

tbgk has oasuras prbsas plr e'lkdbak dgoobsslbra8

+ E'lkkâasubvlkta% ea >1 lgót 8<1% e'aoparaur grhgkkl h'liibdfar hakguvalu ê Dlrtflà el egb hu >1 lgót 8<:% qub irlpplbt ha ogrtgu ha prgsdrbptbgk tgus eas fârâtbquas dguplneas h'lvgbr takuhas râukbgks beeâ`leas 1

+ Ea 9 kgvaonra 8<1% grhra ha pgur/subvra tgus daux qub prltbqulbakt ea sadgkh nlptíoa% ha dgkibs/

quar eas olbsgks gò bes s'lssaonelbakt% ha hâpgrtar tgut ibhæea

ranlptbsâ at tgut deard dgkvlbkdu h'lvgbr ranlptbsâ gu h'lvgbrprgdâhâ ê has grhbkltbgks gu h'lvgbr prâsbhâ uka râukbgk3bktarhbdtbgk lux fârâtbquas ha ilbra gu radavgbr has ea`s guhgkltbgks 9

+ Eas oasuras ha prgsdrbptbgk radgooakdærakt lpræsel ogrt h'Fgkgrbus% lu hânut hu ræ`ka ha Ylbaktbkbak <<<+ Qka

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1>+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ 4" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB%1% 18+

ùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 2% 493 Bk Mgflkkbs 8" enbh+% VYB% 1% 11+Avlkr aebuo Brldeltus YB% >1+ 1" enbh+% VYB% 1% 19+ ‘ Di+ VYB% 1% 1<+

>" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 9% 9+ be" enbh+% VYB% 1% 16+




egb hu 9 mubeeat 8>1 akmgb`kbt lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua @agr`bus

ha prgsdrbra tguta fârâsba at tgut sdfbsoa'+ Ea 9 lgót subvlkt%grhra h'axpuesar has vbeeas tgus eas fârâtbquas gu sdfbsoltb/quas s

+ Akibk% uka dgkstbtutbgk hu 4: olb 8>6 dgkibrol tgutaseas egbs lktârbauras+ Aeea prasdrbvbt ha rakhra lux Dltfgebquastgutas eas âèbsas% at hâiakhbt lux fârâtbquas h'lvgbr luduk ebau

ha prbæra ak tarrbtgbra rgolbk+ Aeea rakguvael eas bktarhbdtbgks

raeltbvas lu sadgkh nlptíoa% lux grhbkltbgks% lux hgkltbgksgu lux tastloakts+ Aeea oaklàl h'loakhas at h'axbe tgus eas

dgktravaklkts% oíoa eas `guvarkaurs qub k'lssurarlbakt plse'axâdutbgk has grhras bopârblux 4

+ Datta dgkstbtutbgk ha 8>6%elkdâa vars ea taops ha e'bkvlsbgk vlkhlea% ast ea harkbar hashgduoakts dgkkus hlks datta bktarobklnea at iukænra sârba hasegbs ha prgsdrbptbgk qub gkt lttabkt gu vbsâ ea Hgkltbsoa sguse'âpbsdgplt h'Luùstbk+

Qk lutra `rgupa ha pbædas giibdbaeeas dgoprakh eas âhbts has`guvarkaurs lirbdlbks at has dgoobsslbras bopârblux+ Eashgduoakts ha da àkra gkt âtâ dartlbkaoakt træs kgonraux

pakhlkt el pârbgha qub kgus gddupa+ Kgus ak dgkklbssgks ukahbzlbka+

Ea peus lkdbak qub kgus sgbt plrvaku ast uk âhbt prgoueùâea <4 saptaonra 8:4% gu quaequas mgurs lpræs% plr ea prgdgksueh'Lirbqua Taptbobkus+ Dat âhbt sa rlttldflbt lux prgmats ha Dgk/iârakdas% hgkt e'bkbtbltbva lvlbt âtâ prbsa plr ea dgkdbea dltfg/ebqua taku ê Dlrtflà ea >1 lgót+ Dgkigroâoakt lux hâdbsbgkshu dgkdbea% Luraebus ha Dlrtflà raobt gu ibt raoattra lu prg/dgksue Taptbobkus% ea <4 saptaonra% uka eattra sykghlea gòe'gk prblbt ea `guvarkaur ha ildbebtar hlks tgutas eas vbeeas hasgk rassgrt eas kâ`gdbltbgks lvad eas sdfbsoltbquas = be s'l`bs/

slbt h'bkvbtar eas ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux ê sadgkhar plrtgut eas

hâolrdfas ha e'âvíqua dltfgebqua% ê dgkvgquar e'âvíqua hgkl/tbsta gu eas kgtlneas hu plrtb% at ê hrassar ea prgdæs/varnle giib/

dbae has kâ`gdbltbgks+ Zlr sgk âhbt% qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ râhb`âsâlkda taklkta% Taptbobkus lddgrhl lux Dltfgebquas tgut da

qu'bes haolkhlbakt = « Ak tgut ebau% olkha ea prgdgksue% ak tgut

ebau ast hgkkâa lux obkbstras ha el Egb slbkta% pgur el trlk/qubeebtâ ha e'Aopbra% el ilduetâ ha ilbra râhbàr has @astl+ Daqub hâtarobka el takaur ha da hâdrat% d'ast kgtra hâsbr ha ilbra

dgoprakhra lux dfais h'uka iguea â`lrâa% qu'bes hgbvaktrâpgkhra ê uka haolkha sleutlbra at rakhra dgopta ha eaurs

prgpras drgylkdas+ Lbksb% el hbsdussbgk punebqua lssurarl

<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 94+ 4" Dgh+ Xcagh+% VYB% 1% 91

>" enbh+% VYB% T% 98+



>98 EA HGKLXBTOA

ea ræ`ka nbakilbslkt ha el egb% at tarrlssarl el suparstbtbgk ³'+

E'aoparaur hut iâebdbtar sgk prgdgksue = gk ka pguvlbt

oattra peus h'aoprassaoakt ê sgutakbr e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea+ Hasâhbts lklegùas iurakt rakhus plr eas lutras `guvarkaurs lirb/

dlbks% kgtlooakt plr ea vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% ê qub ea dgkdbea haDlrtflà lvlbt akvgyâ el oíoa raquíta-+ H'lbeeaurs% das hbvars

hgduoakts ka dgktaklbakt luduka delusa fgstbea lux Hgkltbstas+

Oíoa% bes lurlbakt pu ítra has bkstruoakts ha plbx% pubsqu'bes

vbslbakt sbopeaoakt ê oattra plrtgut ak prâsakda eas dfais hashaux plrtbs% at ê dgksarvar ea sguvakbr âdrbt has plrgeas prg/

kgkdâas hlks eaurs aktravuas+

Xgut lutras iurakt eas âhbts elkdâs dbkq lks peus tlrh% vars el

ibk ha 8:6% plr ea prgdgksue Hgkltus% uk lob h'Luùstbk 4+ Eas

dbrdgkstlkdas lvlbakt nbak dflk`â% hapubs e'âhbt h'ukbtâ ha 8:1+

Eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks s'l`btlbakt legrs peus qua mlolbs% hlkse'leeâ`rassa has aspârlkdas qu'âvabeelbt ak aux el ogrt ha Ttbeb/

dfgk3 at eas âvíquas dltfgebquas haolkhlbakt prgtadtbgk+ Hæse'lutgoka ha 8:6 sa ouetbpebærakt eas egbs bopârbleas dgktra eas

ilutaurs ha trguneas at eas akkaobs ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Das

egbs ka plrelbakt qua ha dgkibsdltbgk% ha prgsdrbptbgk% ha ogrt+Aeeas grhgkklbakt ha oattra ak oguvaoakt eas trgupas% at

oaklàlbakt ha râvgdltbgk eas `guvarkaurs trgp bkhueàkts+Haux ha das dgkstbtutbgks% daeeas has << at >8 kgvaonra 8:6%âtlbakt lhrassâas spâdbleaoakt lu prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà 8

+

Hgkltus âtlbt uk igrt fgkkíta fgooa% olbs uk igkdtbgkklbraat uk træs iarvakt Dltfgebqua = be sa sb`klel plr sgk zæea+ Be

dgkhloklbt ê ogrt tgus eas sdfbsoltbquas trlhubts havlkt sgktrbnukle+ << plrlët lvgbr elkdâ uk praobar âhbt træs sâværa%

gòbe râèlbt eas hâtlbes h'axâdutbgk has egbs dgktra eas Hgkltbstas%kgtlooakt ha el egb hu >8 kgvaonra = be havlbt y vbsar prbkdb/

pleaoakt eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks qub legrs ilbslbakt rlà% ouetbpeblkteas lttaktlts% trgunelkt eas dârâogkbas hu dueta% slddlàlkt eas

âèbsas% oletrlbtlkt eas deards dltfgebquas+ Hgkltus sa ogktrlsb bopeldlnea at prghbùl taeeaoakt el pabka dlpbtlea% qua eas

âvíquas ibkbrakt plr s'bkqubâtar+ Luùstbk âdrbvbt lu prgdgksuepgur eub radgoolkhar el oghârltbgk+ Be e'ak`làl ê prgoue/ùar uk kguvae âhbt% gò slks hguta e'gk rlppaeearlbt lux Hgkl/tbstas qua eas egbs pgrtâas dgktra aux rastlbakt ak vbùaur% olbsgò e'âdfaeea has dfîtboakts k'brlbt pls musqu'ê el pabka ha ogrt+Gk havlbt sa `lrhar% lmgutlbt Luùstbk% ha hgkkar ê das gnstb/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <08+ 2</2>+

>" Lu ustbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1% 9+ 4" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <::% </>+

‘ Di+ Dghax dlvgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ 8" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV% 8:% <23 VYB%1% 88+




kâs% ak eas irlpplkt trgp igrt% e'lurâgea gu e'beeusbgk hu olr/tyra3 at surtgut% e'gk havlbt dfardfar ê eas bkstrubra% ê eas

rloakar% peutøt qu'ê eas irlppar <+ Hgkltus s'ast/be hâdbhâ ê

ogktrar peus ha oghârltbgk% at ê elkdar ea kguvae âhbt qua eub

dgksabeelbt sgk lob e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka7 Kgus k'ak lvgks pls el

prauva% olbs d'ast lssaz vrlbsaonelnea = dlr hlks uka lutraeattra% âdrbta uk gu haux lks peus tlrh% legrs qua Hgkltusk'âtlbt peus prgdgksue% Luùstbk egua slks râsarva sgk lhob/kbstrltbgk

8

+

Olrdaeebkus% ea dgoobsslbra bopârble% ea prâsbhakt hael

Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% ast e'lutaur ha trgbs âhbts% tgus eas trgbs igrt

bopgrtlkts at ha hboaksbgks dgksbhârlneas% tgus eas trgbs

dgksarvâs bktâ`rleaoakt+ Zlr uk praobar âhbt% ea <2 mlkvbar8<<% ea dgoobsslbra bopârble bkvbtl eas âvíquas has haux plr/

tbs ê sa rakhra ê Dlrtflà% pgur el Dgkiârakda% lvlkt ea

eibr mubk 3 be prgobt ha ilbra rastbtuar prgvbsgbraoakt eaurs

âèbsas ê tgus eas âvíquas hbssbhakts qub sarlbakt axldts lurakhaz/vgus 4

+ Hlks sgk sadgkh âhbt% prgoueùâ vars ea >: olb%

Olrdaeebkus ibxl ea egdle ha el Dgkiârakda% el hlta h'guvartura%at eas hâtlbes ha prgdâhura 8

+ Ea trgbsbæoa âhbt iut liibdfâ ê Dlr/

tflà% ea >9 mubk% hbx/fubt mgurs lpræs el harkbæra sâlkda = ea

dgoobsslbra bopârble y dgkibrolbt sl saktakda hu 6 mubk% at aktbrlbt eas dgksâquakdas eâ`leas% qub bopebqulbakt el prgsdrbptbgkhu Hgkltbsoa 1

+ Be suiibrl ha sb`klear bdb das trgbs âhbts ha Olr/daeebkus% qua kgus âtuhbargks lvad ea hgssbar ha el Dgkiârakdaha Dlrtflà+

Ha e'lkkâa 8<4 hlta prasqua sóraoakt uk âhbt hgkt plreaLuùstbk = e'âhbt ha Dladbeblkus 9

+ Gk pelàlbt lutraigbs da hgdu/oakt vars 8:1 = d'ast qua el eattra gò be ast oaktbgkkâ lvlbt âtâ

ole hltâa+ ^bak k'lutgrbsa ê suppgsar qua da Dladbeblkus lbt âtâvbdlbra h'Lirbqua% dgooa gk ea râpâtlbt% kb qu'be lbt axardâ akLirbqua has igkdtbgks ha `guvarkaur% kb oíoa qu'be y sgbt vakulvlkt 8<4 0

+ Datta lkkâa/eê saueaoakt% kgus ea trguvgks ê Dlr/tflà% h'gò be dgrraspgkh lvad Luùstbk% lu ogoakt hu prg/dæs ha Olrdaeebkus 6

+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qua Dladbeblkus% lobat dgkibhakt hu dgota Olrbkus% lvlbt suddâhâ prâdbsâoakt êOlrdaeebkus ak qulebtâ ha dgoobsslbra bopârble+ At d'ast prg/

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <::% </>+ Takeaktbl Dg`kbtgrbs% ê el subta has @astl>" Apbse+ <<>% >+ Dgeeltbgkbs+4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 13 Luùstbk% 9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 69+

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% >+ 0" Di+ Zleeu ha Eassart% Ilstas has prg/8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <:3 Luùstbk% vbkdas lirbdlbkas% t+ BB% p+ >>8+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% 4+ 6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <1<+1" Ahbt dgksarvâ% sgus ea tbtra bkaxldt ha



>99 EA HGKLXBTOA

nlneaoakt ê da tbtra qu'be prgoueùl uk âhbt dgktra eas Hgkl/tbstas% vars ea hânut ha 8<4+ Dat âhbt sa rlppgrtlbt ê e'lppebdltbgk

has egbs dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas+ Be lvlbt prghubt has râsuetltshâdbsbis hlks dartlbkas plrtbas ha e'Lirbqua+ Olbs gk sa pelb`klbt

qua ea dgoobsslbra gu sas làkts aussakt kâèb`â el râ`bgk

h'Fbppgka% tgumgurs tarrgrbsâa plr eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ Hlks el

eattra gò be oaktbgkka e'âhbt% Luùstbk âdrbvlbt ê Dladbeblkus

eub/oíoa = « Kgus kgus râmgubssgks h'lpprakhra qua hlksh'lutras dgktrâas ha e'Lirbqua tu ls trlvlbeeâ pgur e'ukbtâ dltfg/

ebqua lvad uk oarvabeeaux suddæs 3 olbs kgus kgus liiebàgks

ha dgkstltar qua el râ`bgk h'Fbppg â`bus at eas hbstrbdts vgb/

sbks ha Kuobhba k'gkt pls akdgra prgibtâ ha tgk vb`guraux at

prâsbhble âhbt+++ Lvad e'lbha hu Tab`kaur kgtra Hbau% tu lvbsarls

slks hguta ê da qua e'grùabe h'uka fârâsba sldrbeæà sgbt ùârb

plr el tarraur% peutøt qua trlkdfâ vbi plr el vakàlkda ";' Gkka slbt sb datta « tarraur ³% hgkt plrea Luùstbk% vbsa el prg/

oue`ltbgk h'uk kguvae âhbt gu sbopeaoakt e'lppebdltbgk hae'âhbt lktârbaur hlks el râ`bgk h'Fbppgka = be k'ast peus quastbgk

has oasuras dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas hlks uka lutra eattra

lhrassâa quaequas ogbs peus tlrh lu oíoa Dladbeblkus >+

Eas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks% ak das lkkâas/eê% rbvlebslbakt ha

zæea lvad eas dgoobsslbras bopârblux hlks el dlopl`ka dgktra

ea sdfbsoa+ Xâogbk e'âhbt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Oldahgkbus% ak8<8+ Hlks uka ha sas eattras ê da parsgkklà% Luùstbk plrea

lvad aktfgusblsoa ha dat âhbt% hgkt be kgus l oíoa dgksarvâuk irlòakt = « Tb hâmê% hbt/be ê Oldahgkbus% tu k'lvlbs plrtb/

dbpâ ê el vartu dfrâtbakka% sb tu k'lvlbs dru havgbr oattra ê sgk

sarvbda tas fgkkaurs taopgraes% tu k'lurlbs pls taku lux Hgkl/tbstas fârâtbquas uk tae elk`là% pgur eas rloakar hlks e'ukbtâ

at el plbx hu Dfrbst3 tu ka eaur lurlbs pls% hlks tgk âhbt%

lhrassâ eas plrgeas qua vgbdb = « D'ast pgur vgus qua dael sa

ilbt3 d'ast pgur vgus qua trlvlbeeakt eas âvgquas bktarprætas

h'uka igb bkdgrruptbnea 3 d'ast pgur vgus qua trlvlbeea e'aopa/

raur eub/oíoa3 d'ast pgur vgus qua kgus trlvlbeegks% kguslussb% kgus% sas `guvarkaurs at sas muàs ³3 at nbak h'lutras

plrgeas qua tu ls bksârâas hlks ea oíoa âhbt+ Aeeas prguvaktdelbraoakt qua hlks e'lpplrabe tarrastra ha tl pubsslkda% lvadtl dabktura ha muà% tu sgkàs prbkdbpleaoakt ê el râpunebquadâeasta ³ 4

+ Dgooa daux ha Dladbeblkus at ha Hgkltus% e'âhbt ha

Oldahgkbus lvlbt pgur gnmat ha râèar e'lppebdltbgk has egbs haprgsdrbptbgk dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa3 be havlbt dgktakbr kgtlo/

U" Apbse+ 69+ 4" Apbse+ <11% 8% <0+

>" Apbs t+ <1<+




oakt has bkstrudtbgks lux ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux sur e'lppub ê

hgkkar lux âvíquas dltfgebquas hlks eaur ravakhbdltbgk hasâèbsas+

Yars 8>:% haux âhbts hu oíoa àkra gkt âtâ elkdâs ak Kuob/hba plr ea trbnuk Huedbtbus% uk lutra lob h'Luùstbk <

+ Da Hue/dbtbus âtlbt% kgus hbt/gk% « axâdutaur ak Lirbqua has egbs bopâ/rbleas hgkkâas dgktra eas Hgkltbstas ³ >

3 d'ast/ê/hbra qu'be âtlbt

dgoobsslbra bopârble% dflr`â « h'ldfavar e'ukbtâ ""4

+ LrhaktDltfgebqua at igkdtbgkklbra zâeâ% be prgoueùl h'lngrh uk âhbt

træs rb`guraux% qub râplkhbt plrtgut el tarraur+ Gk paut ra/

dgkstbtuar ê pau præs el takaur ha da hgduoakt% h'lpræs eas

dbtltbgks gu leeusbgks h'Luùstbk at ha @luhaktbus+ Ea dgo/obsslbra rlppaelbt h'lngrh eas delusas has dgkstbtutbgks bopâ/rbleas qub lvlbakt prgsdrbt ea Hgkltbsoa hapubs el Dgkiârakdaha 8<<+ Be lkkgkàlbt qu'be vaklbt ldfavar plrtgut e'Ŕuvrah'ukbtâ+ Ak dgksâquakda% be sgoolbt eas hbssbhakts ha sa sgu/oattra at ha rakhra eas nlsbebquas+ Be kgtbiblbt eas oasuras qu'be

lvlbt prbsas gu dgoptlbt prakhra+ Be prâvaklbt eas bktârassâs quaeas gnstbkâs sarlbakt akvgyâs ak axbe 8

+ Da qub axlspârl surtguteas hbssbhakts% d'ast ea tgk oíoa ha e'âhbt = tgk oaklàlkt% h'le/

eura trgp obebtlbra% at qu'Luùstbk muàlbt uk pau hâpeldâ+ Zlraxaopea% ea trbnuk hbslbt lux Hgkltbstas = « Tldfaz/ea nbak%

vgus ítas vguâs ê el ogrt qua vgus oârbtaz ³ 1+ Ea dgoobs/

slbra% plrlët/be% ilbslbt bdb leeusbgk ê el olkba hgkltbsta hu sub/

dbha+ Olbs el igrouea âtlbt âqubvgqua at olefaurausa = aeea prg/

hubsbt ak Lirbqua uk aiiat hâslstraux+

Hlks uk sadgkh âhbt% Huedbtbus asslyl ha rlssurar e'gpbkbgk%at ha prâdbsar sas bktaktbgks+ Ea igkh% lssurâoakt% âtlbt ea

oíoa = ak vartu has bkstrudtbgks ha e'aoparaur% be ileelbt nbaksgooar eas sdfbsoltbquas ha sa rleebar at ha ebvrar eas âèbsas%

sgus pabka h'axbe+ Olbs ea tgk âtlbt naludgup peus dgkdbeblkt+

Ea trbnuk dfardflbt datta igbs ê lolhguar eas Hgkltbstas+Be eaur hgkklbt e'lssurlkda qu'gk ka oattrlbt parsgkka êogrt+ Be eas axfgrtlbt ê ka pls sa tuar aux/oíoas hlks uklddæs ha hâsaspgbr gu ha ilkltbsoa+ Be bkhbqulbt lux bktrlk/sbàlkts ea ogyak ha sa tbrar h'liilbra = be eaur dgksabeelbt ha

<" Apbse+ >:8% 43 âtrldt%% BB% 613 eaàs suls axsaquakhls durl paribdbauhla

Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% <% < 3 <2% ><3 ukbtltbs bkmukxbt ³ {Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%4<% 8:+ B% <"+

>" « Huedbtbus trbnuuus at kgtlrbus fbd 8" âtrldE% <<%613 Apbst+ >:8% 43 Dg`/ârît bk Lirbdl axaduegr boparblebuo mussbg/ Brl @luhaktbuo% B% <%<3 <<% <>3 <2% >< 3

kuo dgktrl Hgkltbstls hltlruo ³ &âtrldt+% 4<% 8:3 44% 843 42% 143 BB% <>% <4+

BB% 61"+ 1" « Kgvarbtbs vgs hanbtla kadb hlkhgs ³

4" « Huedbtbg% dub pbbssbous Boparltgr &Apbst+ >:8% 4"+



>96 EA HGKLXBTOA

sa dldfar% be eas lutgrbslbt at prasqua eas bkvbtlbt ê iubr '+ Nrai%

be elbsslbt vgbr delbraoakt qu'be râpu`klbt ê aopegyar el igrda+

Eas haux âhbts ha Huedbtbus iurakt liibdfâs slks hguta hlksnaludgup ha dbtâs kuobhas+ Kgus slvgks% ak tgut dls% qu'bes

iurakt kgtbibâs lux Hgkltbstas ha Xflou`lhb+ E'âvíqua @lu/haktbus plrel lussbtøt ha sa nróear lvad sas ibhæeas-+ H'gò ukâdflkà ha eattras aktra ea trbnuk at e'âvíqua% pubs aktra Huedb/

tbus at Luùstbk% at% akibk% has pgeâobquas hbradtas aktra Lu/ùstbk at @luhaktbus 4

+ T'bes lvlbakt aiilrâ eas Hgkltbstas haXflou`lhb% eas âhbts hu dgoobsslbra lvlbakt dgktrbnuâ ê akrb/

dfbr el ebttârltura egdlea+Ak ilda ha das pbædas giibdbaeeas% ha das âhbts at ha das egbs%

be ast bkstrudtbi ha peldar haux `rgupas ha hgduoakts tgut

lirbdlbks% qub ak sgkt el dgktra/plrtba% at qub dgktrbnuakt ê

axpebquar eas bktarvaktbgks sb irâquaktas has aoparaurs gu haeaurs làkts+ Da sgkt has bkstruoakts ha ùarra% h'grb`bka+ guha vbsâa pgpuelbra = has ebstas râhb`âas hlks uka bktaktbgk

pgeâobqua% has prgdeloltbgks% has sgooltbgks% has prgtastl/

tbgks% has Lvartbssaoakts % gò sdfbsoltbquas at Dltfgebquas âtl/

elbakt havlkt ea punebd eaur nruylkta quaraeea% âkuoârlkt eaurs

`rbais gu eaurs prâtaktbgks râdbprgquas% sa oaklàlkt gu s'axfgr/

tlkt% dfardflkt ê sa dgkvlbkdra gu ê sa vlbkdra+ At datta ùarraê dgups ha prgdeloltbgks at h'liibdfas ast h'lutlkt peus durbausa

ê subvra pgur e'fbstgrbak% qua kgus aktakhgks el vgbx has hauxplrtbs+

E'uk has lrùoakts ilvgrbs has Dltfgebquas% hlks eaurs

dgktrgvarsas dgktra eas hbssbhakts% d'âtlbt el igrda ha eaur trlhb/

tbgk addeâsblstbqua% eaur dgooukbgk mlolbs bktarrgopua lvadeas dfrâtbaktâs h'gutra/oar at eas Âèbsas lpgstgebquas% eaurs

ebstas h'âvíquas qub eaur paroattlbakt ha raogktar h'âpbsdgplt

ak âpbsdgplt musqu'lux peus egbktlbkas grb`bkas hu dfrbstbl/

kbsoa lirbdlbk+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas asslylbakt ha rbpgstar ak

leeâùlkt% aux lussb% has dltlegùas qub lttastlbakt el dgktbkubtâ

ha eaur trlhbtbgk âpbsdgplea% at qub rlttldflbakt el sârba ha eaurs

âvíquas plrtbduebars ê el sârba has âvíquas dgoouks h'lvlkt

el ruptura+ Has hgduoakts ha da àkra gkt axbstâ hlkstgutas

eas Âèbsas hbssbhaktas+ E'uk h'aux% daeub ha el dgoouklutâhgkltbsta ha ^goa% l âtâ dgkku h'Gptlt-+ Qk lutra ast oak/tbgkkâ vars el ibk hu bv a sbædea = el ebsta has âvíquas sdfbsol/

tbquas ha Dgkstlktbka &grhg apbsdgpgruo Dgkstlktbkaksbs

<" Apbse+ >:8% 4+ 4" Apbst+ >:83 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B%

>"Dgkerl @luhaktbuo% B% <3 âtrldt+% < at subv+ ‘ Di+ âtrldE+% Be% 61+

Be% 61+ 8" Gptlb% <<% 8+




dbvbbltbs" <+ Da hgduoakt iut dbtâ ê haux raprbsas plr has deards

hbssbhakts ha datta vbeea% h'lngrh plr e'âvíqua Zatbeblkus >%

pubs plr uk ha sas prítras 4% hlks has eattras pgeâobquas gò

bes gppgslbakt el trlhbtbgk hgkltbsta ê el trlhbtbgk dltfgebqua+Datta ebsta% gò ibùrlbt Tbevlkus% ea praobar âvíqua hbssbhaktha Dgkstlktbka'% sa tarobklbt klturaeeaoakt plr ea kgo haZatbeblkus+

H'lutras ebstas% â`leaoakt pgeâobquas h'bktaktbgk% sa rlppgr/tlbakt ê has sgusdrbptbgks guvartas plr has âvíquas hgkltbstas+Yars ea hânut ha

8<:%eas

vbgeakdas has Dbrdgkdaeebgks at hadartlbks deards hbssbhakts lvlbakt axlspârâ e'gpbkbgk punebquaat bkhbspgsâ eas `guvarkaurs% lu pgbkt qu'gk s'lttakhlbt ê hatarrbneas oasuras ha râprassbgk+ Ka râussbsslkt pls ê lrrítareaurs luxbeblbras% eas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas drurakt plrar luhlkàr ak eas hâslvgulkt+ Bes hâdelrærakt nbak flut qu'bes sadflràrlbakt aux/oíoas h'bkhaokbsar eas prgprbâtlbras lvad ea

prghubt ha sgusdrbptbgks at ha quítas+ Luùstbk âdrbvlbt legrs êOldrgnbus% sgk dgeeæùa at rbvle h'Fbppgka = « Zgur hgkkar ea

dflkà ê el flbka punebqua% vgus guvraz has sgusdrbptbgks% vgusprgoattaz qua hlks vgs tgurkâas vgus rakhraz lux vbdtboas ea

nutbk qu'gk eaur l akeavâ 1³ + Eas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas aspâ/

rlbakt prguvar plr eê qu'bes k'âtlbakt pls dgopebdas% kb raspgk/slneas has lttaktlts+ Tubvlkt Luùstbk% d'âtlbt ha el pguhra luxyaux = das rahrassaurs ha tgrts oâklàlbakt sadrætaoakt eas

nlkhbts qu'bes hâslvgulbakt punebquaoakt 9+ Kgus ka slvgks%

h'lbeeaurs% da qu'be lhvbkt has sgusdrbptbgks+

Haux hgduoakts igrt durbaux kgus ogktrakt ê e'Ŕuvra easDbrdgkdaeebgks% at eaurs dfais gu leebâs% eas deards hbssbhakts+D'ast h'lngrh el prgdeloltbgk ha Tbkbtuo% præs h'Fbppgka+ Hlksdatta patbta vbeea% eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt dgopeætaoakt eas

olëtras = uk prítra dltfgebqua% qub s'y âtlbt lvakturâ% lvlbt âtâ

nlttu at dflssâ+ Yars ea dgooakdaoakt ha 8:2% sa prghubsbthlks da dgbk ha Kuobhba uk vârbtlnea dgup ha tfâîtra = Olxb/obkus% e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua% sa rleebl lu Dltfgebdbsoa+ Lus/sbtøt% eas hbssbhakts ea obrakt fgrs el egb+ Gk elkàl dgktra eub at

sas plrtbslks uka vbgeakta prgdeloltbgk% hgkt uk irlòaktkgus ast plrvaku = « Xgut râdaooakt% hbt Luùstbk% vgus lvazakvgyâ uk drbaur punebd% dflr`â ha ilbra ê Tbkbtuo uka prgdel/

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% b% </>3 >% 8+ vastrla% apbsdgpgruo grhbka+++ ³ {Apbst+

>" « Zlrtbs Hgkltb% dumus grhg tbnb axpg/ 14% <% > 3 >% 8"+

kbtur bk Apbstuel apbsdgpb tula dbvbbltbs 8" Bnbh+% 14% >% 8+

&Zatbeblkb"+++ ³ &Apbst+ 14% <"+ 1" enbh+% <:6% 9% <6+

4" « Grhg apbsdgpgruo sbnb suddahak/ 9" enbh+% <:6% 9% <6+

ebuo+++ ‘ Dgustlbbtbuaksb% fgd ast dbvbtltbs



>0: EA HGKLXBTOA

oltbgk gò be âtlbt hbt = « Lvbs ê qubdgkqua lurl dgooukbquâlvad Olxbobkus = gk nróearl sl olbsgk ³'+ Ak oíoa taops%

el flbka has sadtlbras sa tgurklbt dgktra Luùstbk eub/oíoa%qub lvlbt ilbeeb hâmê ítra vbdtboa h'lttaktlts% at qub prgnlnea/oakt k'âtlbt pls âtrlkàr ê el dgkvarsbgk ha Olxbobkus+ Be raàut

uk mgur uka sgooltbgk nrutlea ha prítras sdfbsoltbquas% qub

ea oaklàlbakt ha ogrt% s'be ka rakgkàlbt ê sl prgpl`lkha+ Eub/

oíoa kgus e'lpprakh at dbta uka pfrlsa hu hgduoakt+ << hbt

lux Hgkltbstas = « Dartlbks prítras ha vgtra plrtb kgus gktakvgyâ uka sgooltbgk gò bes hâdelrlbakt = « Elbssaz trlkqubeeas

kgs ibhæeas% sb vgus ka vgueaz pls qu'gk vgustua ³

U ‘Ygbeê

haux hgduoakts prâdbaux sur el psydfgeg`ba ha dartlbks deards

hbssbhakts+ Das lpøtras ha el vartu âvlk`âebqua ka dgkklbsslbakt

qua haux ogyaks h'ldtbgk = e'bkdakhba at e'lsslssbklt+

Qka lutra pbæda kgus pabkt sur ea vbi ea ilkltbsoa títu ha das

sadtlbras% eaur râsbstlkda bkhgoptlnea lux egbs ha râprassbgk+

D'ast el prgtastltbgk ha Hgkltus% prítra sdfbsoltbqua ha Outu/àkkl% præs Fbppgka 4

+ Yars 8<>% gk lrrítl da Hgkltus pgur ea

dgkvartbr% at e'gk vgueut ea dgkhubra ha igrda ê e'âèbsa dltfg/

ebqua+ Be sa hânlttbt% sa neassl ak tgonlkt ha dfavle3 peus egbk% be

s'âdflppl at sa matl hlks uk pubts% h'gò gk ea tbrl ole`râ eub '+

Aktra taops% be prgtastl vbvaoakt dgktra el vbgeakda hgkt be âtlbt

e'gnmat+ Tl prgtastltbgk% dgksb`kâa slks hguta hlks ea prgdæs/

varnle h'lrrastltbgk% kgus ast dgkkua plr Luùstbk% qub e'lkl/

eysa ak el râiutlkt at el rlbeelkt+ Hgkltus k'ak lvlbt pls ogbksea nalu røea+ Xgut h'lngrh% be hâdelrlbt lrnbtrlbra e'grhra h'lrras/

tltbgk% at sa pelb`klbt ha el nrutlebtâ has làkts 1+ Zubs% be ravak/

hbqulbt flutaoakt el ebnartâ ha dgksdbakda = « Zarsgkka% hbslbt/be% ka hgbt ítra loakâ% oíoa lu nbak% plr el igrda+++ Hbaukgus l hgkkâ ea ebnra lrnbtra3 plr dgksâquakt% e'fgooa ka hgbt

pls ítra dgktrlbkt% oíoa pgur sgk nbak ³9

+ Eg`bqua musqu'lu

ngut% be râdelolbt pgur tgus ea hrgbt ê e'arraur = « Af nbak , gub%

râpâtlbt/be% ma vaux arrar lbksb% ma vaux pârbr lbksb ³0

+ << lmgutlbt%

h'lbeeaurs% qua eas Hgkltbstas k'âtlbakt kueeaoakt hlks e'arraur+

\ulkh gk eub gnmadtlbt el dgkhlokltbgk ha sgk plrtb ê el Dgkiâ/

rakda ha Dlrtflà%be

râpebqulbt quaeas @astl ha el Dgkiârakda

ka prguvlbakt rbak% slui el olelhrassa ha dartlbks olkhltlbrashgkltbstas3 be sa ilbslbt igrt ha ea hâogktrar% oíoa lux âvíquas

dltfgebquas 6+ << liibrolbt el eâ`btbobtâ hu sdfbsoa% ak leeâùlkt

b" Apbst+ <:1% >% 8+ 1" A³bst+ <04% </>+

>" Bnbh+% <:1% <% < 3 1% <0+ 9" Bnbh+% <<4% >+

4" Bnbh+% <04% </43 13 03 <:+ 0" Bnbh+% <04% 4+

8" Bnbh+% <04% < at 8+ T" Bnbh+% <04% 0+




e'axaopea has kgonraux hbsdbpeas qub% h'lpræs e'Âvlk`bea ha slbkt

Malk% lnlkhgkkærakt ea Dfrbst% slks qu'gk dfardfît ê eas ratakbr '

+

At be dbtlbt uk ogt ha slbkt Zlue pgur mustbibar ea olrtyra vgegk/tlbra% ea hrgbt lu subdbha-+ Be prâtakhlbt trguvar hlks e'Âdrbtura

ea igkhaoakt ha tgutas eas ebnartâs% hapubs el ebnartâ ha dbrduear

musqu'ê el ebnartâ ha ogurbr ê sgk faura+ Datta âegquakta prg/tastltbgk h'uk prítra ilkltbqua at ratgrs% dubrlssâ ha taxtas

nbnebquas% ka elbssl pls qua h'aonlrrlssar uk pau Luùstbk+L das prgtastltbgks gu prgdeloltbgks hgkltbstas s'gppgsakt

has prgdeloltbgks dltfgebquas%træs hbiiâraktas ha

tgk% olbs kgkogbks sb`kbibdltbvas+ Zeusbaurs ha das hgduoakts sgkt dgksarvâsbktâ`rleaoakt hlks e'Ŕuvra h'Luùstbk+ Nbak qu'bes sgbakt ha el

olbk h'Luùstbk eub/oøoa% kgus havgks ak hbra bdb quaequasogts+ Ak das dbrdgkstlkdas% e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka plrelbt lu kgoha e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka tgut aktbæra = das prgdeloltbgks lhrassâaslu `rlkh punebd% lux elçquas% at elràoakt râplkhuas hlks tgutael dgktrâa% âtlbakt eas olkbiastas h'uk plrtb at havaklbakt lussbtøt

has hgduoakts h'lrdfbvas+

Ea praobar ha das olkbiastas l âtâ elkdâ plr Luùstbk varsel ibk ha e'lkkâa 8:4 4

+ Eas âvíquas hgkltbstas% râukbs ak dgkdbea%

vaklbakt ha rapgussar hâibkbtbvaoakt eas prgpgsbtbgks hu dgk/dbea dltfgebqua taku ê Dlrtflà ea >1 lgót% d'ast/ê/hbra ea prgmat

h'uka Dgkiârakda `âkârlea aktra eas haux plrtbs-+ Gneb`â harakgkdar ê e'aspgbr h'uka dgktrgvarsa punebqua% Luùstbk bol/`bkl uk lutra ogyak ha pgsar havlkt e'gpbkbgk el quastbgk husdfbsoa+ Ka pguvlkt hbsdutar lvad eas âvíquas% be vgueut âdelbrar

eas ibhæeas ha e'lutra Aèbsa% surtgut eas elçquas = be eaur lhrassluka prgdeloltbgk+ Behânutlbtplr uka prgsgpgpâa= e'Âèbsa dltfg/ebqua aeea/oíoa bktarpaeelbt eas Hgkltbstas% at eaur hâogktrlbtqua ea sdfbsoa ast bktarhbt plr e'Âdrbtura 4

+ Zau ê pau% e'Aèbsa

dâhlbt el plrgea ê e'âvíqua% qub râsuolbt nrbævaoakt sas lrù/oakts ilobebars = grb`bkas egudfas hu Hgkltbsoa% dgkhlokltbgklu taops ha Dgkstlktbk% hâiaksa ha rgopra lvad eas pâdfaurs%dgkhubta has Zrboblkbstas akvars Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb at eas

Olxboblkbstas 9+ Ak tarobklkt% gk bkvbtlbt eas elçquas ê haolk/

har sur tgut dael has axpebdltbgks ê eaurs âvíquas 0+ Datta prgdel/

oltbgk% ak rlbsgk oíoa ha sl hastbkltbgk tguta pgpuelbra% kadgktaklbt rbak ha nbak kguvalu = da qub âtlbt kaui% d'âtlbt e'bhâa

h'axpgsar lux b`kgrlkts% lux elçquas% has quastbgks grhbklbra/oakt râsarvâas lux deards+

<" Apbst+ <04% <:+ Apbst+ 09% 8 3 66% 0 3 <:4% 8% <4+

>" Bnbh+% <04% 1+ 1" Apbst+ 09% <+

4" Bnbh+% 09+ 9" Bnbh+% 09% >/4+

8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:3 0" Bnbh+% 09% 8+



>0> EA HGKLXBTOA

Eas Dltfgebquas leeærakt akdgra peus egbk hlks datta vgba =

bes vgueurakt igrdar e'lttaktbgk hu punebd% ak oattlkt sgus eas

yaux hu plsslkt eas prbkdbpleas pbædas hu prgdæs+ Lpræs e'âhbt

h'ukbtâ ha 8:1% Luùstbk aut e'bhâa grb`bklea h'utbebsar pgur sl

prgpl`lkha eas ours oíoas ha el nlsbebqua qu'gk vaklbt

h'akeavar lux sdfbsoltbquas h'Fbppgka+ D'âtlbt vars e'lkkâa

8:9+ Be lvlbt dgopgsâ uk patbt raduabe ha taxtas hlks eaquae%

lpræs uka dgurta bktrghudtbgk% be lvlbt râukb eas pbædas

h'lrdfbvas at eas varsats nbnebquas qub eub plrlbsslbakt eas peus

prgpras ê hâogktrar lu vue`lbra el vlkbtâ has prâtaktbgks

hgkltbstas = « Lvlkt ha punebar da raduabe%hbt/be% ma e'lb ilbt

liibdfar% pgur ak ildbebtar el eadtura% sur eas ours ha el nlsb/

ebqua qub lvlbt lpplrtaku lux Hgkltbstas ³-+ Ygbeê% slks hguta%

uk prgdâhâ ha pgeâobqua at ha prgpl`lkha qub k'l rbak ha

nlkle+ Be put ítra aiibdlda = eas hbssbhakts% qub plr flnbtuha

røhlbakt lutgur ha eaur âèbsa% ka pguvlbakt s'aopídfar ha

ra`lrhar eas liibdfas% ha ebra at ha râieâdfbr+

Xrgbs lks peus tlrh% lu hânut ha 8:2% kguvalu olkbiasta%

kguvae Lvartbssaoakt lux Hgkltbstas >+ Luùstbk vaklbt ha rada/

vgbr e'âtrlkà sgooltbgk ha das prítras sdfbsoltbquas qub ea

oaklàlbakt ha ogrt% s'be parsbstlbt ê taktar el dgkvarsbgk ha

eaurs ibhæeas 4+ Tl râpgksa iut datta prgdeloltbgk% gò be hâdelrlbt

punebquaoakt% ak hâvaegpplkt sas rlbsgks% qu'be dgktbkuarlbt

sl prgpl`lkha+ Be axpebqulbt h'lngrh qua « e'logur hu Dfrbst

ka eub paroattlbt pls ha sa tlbra ³% havlkt datta bopuhaktasgooltbgk 8

+ Be s'aiigrdarlbt hgkd ha râtlnebr e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+

Be rapgusslbt aksubta eas lddusltbgks has sdfbsoltbquas 1

%mustb/

iblbt eas egbs ha râprassbgk9

% dbtlbt has axaopeas ha vbgeakdashgkltbstas 0

% rldgktlbt eas grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa 6% axpgslbt el

tfâgrba hu nlptíoa 2at eas dlrldtæras ha el vârbtlnea Aèbsa

dltfgebqua <:+ Be tarobklbt plr uk lppae ê el râdgkdbebltbgk <<

+

Ea harkbar Lvartbssaoakt lux Hgkltbstas hlta hu <8 mubk 8<> '/+

Be iut râhb`â lu kgo h'uk dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% olbs akdgra plr

Luùstbk% qub eub/oíoa s'ak hâdelra e'lutaur <4+ Dgooa eas prâ/

dâhakts% da olkbiasta ast lhrassâ lux Hgkltbstas% spâdbleaoakt

lux elçquas+ Eas âvíquassdfbsoltbquas% vlbkdus ê el Dgkiâ/

rakda ha 8<<% leelbakt plrtgut rldgktlkt% at râpâtlkt hlks eaurs

<" ebaerldt+% BB% 14% <+ 0" Apbst+ <:1% >% 8+

>" Apbse+ <:1+ 6" enbh+% <:1% >% 6/<:+

4" enbh+% <:1% <% < 3 1% <0+ 2" enbh+% <:1% 4% <</<>+

8" « Dflrbtls Dfrbstb+++ tldara kgnbs kgk <:" enbh+% <:1% 8% <4/<13 1% <9+

parobttbt ³+ &enbh+% <:1% <"+ <<" enbh+% <:1% 1% <0+

1" enbh+% <:1% <% >+ <>" Apbst+ <8<+

9" enbh+% <:1% >% 4/0+ <4" ebaerldt+% BB% 99+




sarogks% qua ea muà lvlbt âtâ ldfatâ plreaurs lhvarslbras <+

E'gnmat ha el prgdeloltbgk dltfgebqua âtlbt h'âdelbrar e'gpbkbgk+Gk vguelbt lvartbr eas Hgkltbstas sbkdæras qua eaurs âvíquas%lvlkt h'ítra dgkhlokâs% lvlbakt âtâ dgkvlbkdus h'arraur U Zgurdael% gk sa dgktaktlbt ha râsuoar eas ilbts = `lrlktbas h'boplr/tblebtâ% âeadtbgk has olkhltlbras% prâdlutbgks prbsas pgur lssu/

rar e'axldtbtuha has prgdæs/varnlux-% gnstrudtbgks has Hgkl/tbstas 8

% lkleysa has hânlts 1% hârguta has âvíquas hbssbhakts qub

s'âtlbakt parhus plr eaurs olelhrassas hlks el hâiaksa h'ukaoluvlbsa

dlusa9

+ Bkvbtltbgkê

ebragu ê

sa ilbra ebra ea taxta

oíoa has prgdæs/varnlux% axfgrtltbgk ê raktrar hlks e'Âèbsa <=

taeeas âtlbakt eas dgkdeusbgks eg`bquas ha da raolrqulnea olkb/iasta qub dgksldrlbt el vbdtgbra has Dltfgebquas% at qub deøt pgurkgus e'bktârasslkta sârba has prgdeloltbgks+

Kgk ogbks hb`ka h'lttaktbgk ast ea `rgupa has hgduoakts qub

sa rlppgrtakt lux Dgkiârakdas gu lux prgmats ha Dgkiârakdasaktra eas haux plrtbs+ E'bhâa ha das dgktrgvarsas punebquas

saonea lpplrtakbr ê Luùstbk+ Olbs aeea iut nbaktøt lhgptâa plr

eas dgkdbeas% oíoa plr e'aoparaur = aeea trbgopfl ak 8<<%hlks eas `rlkhas lssbsas ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà+ Ea sgu/

vakbr ha das hbsdussbgks sgeakkaeeas s'ast dgksarvâ hlks has

pbædas træs hbvarsas ha kltura at ha prgpgrtbgks% dgoptas/rak/hus sgoolbras% lkleysas% tâogb`klàs h'lutaurs% irlòakts%Ldtas sykghlux% prgdæs/varnlux hâtlbeeâs% hgkt el vleaur fbstg/

rbqua luòakta ê oasura qua s'âtakhakt ea dflop h'ldtbgk at

el pgrtâa has hânlts% plr e'bktarvaktbgk has dgkdbeas at hu `gu/

varkaoakt+Hæs ea taops ha sl prítrbsa% Luùstbk bkluùrl datta tld/

tbqua+ Yars 42>% e'âvíqua hgkltbsta ha Tbkbtuo% da Olxbobkusqub peus tlrh sa dgkvartbt% ranlptbsl uk hbldra dltfgebqua haOutuàkkl+ Ak e'lnsakda ha sgk âvíqua% Luùstbk prbt e'bkbtbl/

tbva h'uka prgtastltbgk+ Hlks sl eattra ê Olxbobkus% be eub prg/

pgsl ha râèar el quastbgk plr uka hbsdussbgk punebqua% ak prâ/

sakda has ibhæeas = « M'lb râsgeu% âdrbvlbt/be% m'lb râsgeu% hlks el

oasura ha oas igrdas at ha e'âegquakda qua Hbau hlb`ka oahgkkar% ha pelbhar el dlusa ha e'Âèbsa hlks has dgkiârakdas

pldbibquas = plr kgs hbsdussbgks% tgus daux qub sgkt ak dgoou/kbgk lvad kgus slurgkt quaeea hbiiârakda be y l aktra eas

fârâsbas guças sdfbsoas at e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+++ Tb tu lddaptas

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% < at <>3 Lh 8" Apbst+ <8<% 4+

Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <3 Zgssbhbus% 1" Bnbh+% <8<% 8/< b+

Ybtl Luùstbkb% <9+ 9" Bnbh+% <8<% <>+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% <+ <" Bnbh+% <8<% <4+

4" Bnbh % <8<% >+

BY <6



>08 EA HGKLXBTOA

vgegktbars datta dgkiârakda lvad ogb% sb tu lhoats qua kgs

eattras ê tgus haux sgbakt euas lux ibhæeas% m'ak âprguvarlb uka

mgba bkaiilnea'

³ + Be ka saonea pls qua Olxbobkus lbt hgkkâsubta lu prgmat3 olbs ea prítra h'Fbppgka vaklbt h'guvrbr el vgba+

Qka igbs âvíqua% Luùstbk put l`br at plrear lvad peus h'lutg/

rbtâ+ Hlks eas praobæras lkkâas ha sgk âpbsdgplt% be bkvbtl ê

has dgktrgvarsas punebquas peusbaurs âvíquas hbssbhakts hu vgb/

sbklà% qub sa hârgnærakt pgur el peuplrt = has prgdæs/varnluxgiibdbaes ha dgkvgdltbgk &punbbdl @astl" dgkstltlbakt at paroat/tlbakt ha prguvar ê tgus% lvad sas prgpgsbtbgks ha plbx% ea raius

ha sas lhvarslbras >+

E'uk ha das pruhakts lhvarslbras âtlbt Zrgdueablkus% e'âvíqua

sdfbsoltbqua h'Fbppgka+ Kgus pgssâhgks akdgra ea dgopta/rakhu ha peusbaurs dgkvarsltbgks% raeltbvas lux prgmats ha

dgkiârakdas aktra eas haux dfais has Aèbsas rbvleas+ Qk mgur%

hlks uka olbsgk kautra% Zrgdueablkus rakdgktrl Avghbus%e'âeæva at e'lob h'Luùstbk+ Gk plrel ha el quaraeea raeb`bausa%

has ogyaks ha râtlnebr el plbx+ Lu dgurs ha e'aktratbak% Zrgdu/eablkus hâdelrl qu'be hâsbrlbt dgkiârar lvad Luùstbk ak prâsakda

has kgtlneas 4+ Das ngkkas hbspgsbtbgks ka hurærakt pls+ Eas

mgurs subvlkts% ea Hgkltbsta sa pelb`kbt h'Avghbus% qub% hlks el

dfleaur ha el hbsdussbgk% lvlbt elbssâ âdflppar quaequas ogtsuk pau vbis-+ Luùstbk âdrbvbt ê sgk dgeeæùa sdfbsoltbquapgur axdusar ea mauka deard% at pgur lkkgkdar qua eub/oíoalddaptlbt ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda = dgktrgvarsa punebqua guprbvâa% lu dfgbx ha sgk lhvarslbra% ak prâsakda ha qub e'gk

vguhrlbt% sgus el sauea dgkhbtbgk qua e'gk hrassarlbt uk prgdæs/

varnle has hânlts'+ Eas dfgsas ak rastærakt eê+ Zrgdueablkusrâpâtl nbak% hlks uka lutra dgkvarsltbgk% qu'be âtlbt plrtbslk

h'uka Dgkiârakda aktra hbx kgtlneas ha dflqua Âèbsa 9+ Olbs% uk

lutra mgur% dgooa gk eub raplrelbt hu prgmat% be haolkhl sur

uk tgk h'bopltbakda pgurqugb Luùstbk k'âtlbt pls leeâ lrù/oaktar ê Dgkstlktbka% gò vaklbakt ha sa râukbr eas âvíquashgkltbstas% at pgurqugb be k'leelbt pls ê Obeav% gò havlbt s'guvrbr

uk kguvalu dgkdbea'+ D'âtlbt uka ebk ha kgk/radavgbr+ Nbaktøtoíoa% Zrgdueablkus prbt uka lttbtuha fgstbea% ê el subta h'ukaliilbra ha nlptíoa at h'uka akquíta axb`âa plr eas Dltfgebquas+Be raiusl hâsgrolbs ha radavgbr eas eattras h'Luùstbk 6

% qub

U" Apbse+ >4% 9+ 8" Apbst+ 44% 4+

>" Zgssbdebus% Rbtl Luùxeb bb% <:+ ‘ 1" enbh+% 44% 8+

Di+ Luùstbk% Apbse+ 44/413 1< 3 9D 3 Dgk/ 9" enbh+% 48% 1+

trl Feearls Zatbeblkb% B% <+ 0" enbh+% 48% 1+

4" LuùstbH% Apbst+ 44% >+ 6" enbh+% 41% <+




asslyl vlbkaoakt% plr e'bktaroâhblbra h'uk ol`bstrlt% ha dgr/raspgkhra lvad sgk dgeeæùa at ha e'loakar ê uka dgkiârakda'+Tapt lks peus tlrh% qulkh be raprakhrl sgk prgmat ak vartu hasbkstrudtbgks hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% Luùstbk sa faurtarl ê el

oíoa bktrlksbàlkda-+Be ka iut ùæra peus fauraux lvad Drbspbkus ha Dlelol+ Be

e'lvlbt rakdgktrâ ê Dlrtflà% vars 420 = be lvlbt au legrs lvadeub uka lssaz vbva hbsdussbgk% at lvlbt gntaku gk ka slbt quaeeaprgoassa 4

+ Eas haux âvíquas âtlbakt hapubs egk`taops raktrâshlks eaurs hbgdæsas raspadtbis% qulkh iut l`btâ aktra aux ukprgmat ha dgkiârakda+ D'âtlbt vars 422+ Drbspbkus% plrlët/be%

lvlbt axprboâ ea hâsbr h'uka dgktrgvarsa punebqua sur eas quas/tbgks qub sâplrlbakt eas haux Âèbsas+ Datta igbs% d'ast Luùstbkqub sa hârgnl+ Be dgkklbsslbt ea dlrldtæra ha e'fgooa% at

saonea lvgbr suspadtâ sl ngkka igb3 ak gutra% be drlb`klbt%

hbt/be% qua eas parsgkkas eas peus hbradtaoakt bktârassâas kapussakt lssbstar lux hânlts+ Be âdrbvbt hgkd ê Drbspbkus qua

hâsgrolbs be hbsdutarlbt saueaoakt plr eattras<

= be eub akvgylbtak oíoa taops uk dartlbk kgonra ha quastbgks at h'gnmad/

tbgks.+ Dapakhlkt% be ravbkt vbta ê sgk bhâa praobæra+ Qk lkpeus tlrh% qulkh Drbspbkus ranlptbsl h'lutgrbtâ eas dgegks hasgk hgolbka% Luùstbk eub prgpgsl uka dgkiârakda pgpuelbra%ak prâsakda has dgegks aux/oíoas+ Gk hrassarlbt ea prgdæs/var/nle% qub sarlbt trlhubt ak pukbqua3 at eas bktârassâs dfgbsbrlbaktebnraoakt aktra eas haux Âèbsas+ Gk pgurrlbt prgdâhar ha

oíoaê e'â`lrh has Hgkltbstas dgkvartbs 9

+ Drbspbkus âdlrtlhâhlb`kausaoakt da prgmat% dgooa be rapgussl aksubta eas prg/pgsbtbgks ha dgkiârakda qua eub kgtbibl Zgssbhbus% sgk dgeeæùadltfgebqua ha Dlelol 0

+

Eas Hgkltbstas ha Xfunursbduo Kuobhlruo sa ogktræraktnaludgup peus dgkdbeblkts+ Yars el ibk ha 420 gu ea hânut ha426% Luùstbk aut lvad quaequas/uks h'aktra aux peusbaursdgkiârakdas% hgkt be kgus l elbssâ uk dgopta/rakhu hâtlbeeâ+

Dgooa gk k'lvlbt pu ilbra râhbàr ha prgdæs/varnlux dgopeats%be râsuol eub/oíoa eas hbsdussbgks hlks has eattras qub havlbaktak takbr ebau% at qu'be sguobt ê e'lpprgnltbgk ha sas dgktrlhbd/taurs 6

+

Be âtlbt âvíqua hapubs haux gu trgbs lks% qulkh be aut e'gddl/

sbgk ha sa rakhra ê Xfunursbduo Kuobhlruo &lumgurh'fub

<" Apbst+ 48 at 41+ 1" Apbst+ 1<% >/1+

>" Apbst+ 66% <+ 9" enbh+% 99% >+

4" Apbst+ 1<% <+ 0" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:%

8" enbh+% 1<% <+ 6" Apbst+ 84 at 88+



>09 EA HGKLXBTOA

Cflobssl"% vbeea sbtuâa lu Tuh h'Fbppgka% kgk egbk ha Xfl/

`lsta'+ Be y dgkkut uk `rgupa ha Hgkltbstas% @egrbus% Aeausbus%Iâebx% @rlooltbdus% h'lutras akdgra% lvad qub be aut ha egkùashbsdussbgks+ El dgktrgvarsa pgrtl prbkdbpleaoakt sur eas grb/

`bkas hu sdfbsoa+ Hlks el praobæra râukbgk% eas hbssbhakts

prghubsbrakt eas Ldtas hu Dgkdbea ha 4<>% qub lvlbt hâpgsâDladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà+ Luùstbk râpebqul ak leeâùlkt eas

kgonrausas pbædas qub lttastlbakt el eâ`btbobtâ ha Dladbeblkus%

eas bktrbùas ha sas akkaobs% at eas dgkhlokltbgks râpâtâas hu

Hgkltbsoasgus ea ræ`ka ha Dgkstlktbk >

+ Olbs be ka put ilbra

ebra eas hgduoakts aux/oíoas% qu'be k'lvlbt pls sgus el olbk+Be prgpgsl hgkd h'lmgurkar el hbsdussbgk% pgur lvgbr ea taopsha sa prgdurar eas pbædas kâdasslbras+ Gk prbt rakhaz/vgus pgurea sureakhaolbk+ Ak lttakhlkt% be leel râèar uka lutra liilbra

hlks uka vbeea vgbsbka 4+

Haux mgurs lpræs% kguvaeea dgkiârakda ê Xfunursbduo% aktra

eas oíoas parsgkklàs+ Eas hgduoakts âtlbakt lrrbvâs+ Hlksel oltbkâa% gk hgkkl eadtura hu Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl% at has

@asbl prgdgksuelrbl raeltbis ê e'akquíta sur Iâebx h'Lntnu`kb+E'lpræs/obhb% gk eut el âquíta has hbssbhakts ê Dgkstlktbk% eas

Ldtas hu Dgkdbea ha ^goa% el eattra gò e'aoparaur kgtbiblbt sl

saktakda ak ilvaur ha Dladbeblkus+ Luùstbk tbrl ha das pbædas

eas dgkdeusbgks grhbklbras% râpgkhbt lux gnmadtbgks ha sas

bktaregdutaurs% at eas axfgrtl ê sa dgkvartbr 8+

\uaequas ogbs slks hguta lvlbakt plssâ% qulkh uka dgkiâ/rakda peus sgeakkaeea obt ak âogb el pgpueltbgk ha Xfunursb/

duo+ Luùstbk vaklbt akdgra h'lrrbvar hlks datta vbeea3 be sarakhlbt ê Dgkstlktbka pgur uka grhbkltbgk% olbs k'lvlbt plsprbs ea peus dgurt dfaobk+ @egrbus at sas lobs eub lvlbakt ilbt

e'âegà ha eaur âvíqua Igrtukbus% dgooa bes lvlbakt ilbt ê Igr/tukbus e'âegà h'Luùstbk = eas haux fgooas âtlbakt durbaux hgsa vgbr at ha s'aktakhra+ L pabka lrrbvâ% Luùstbk âdrbvbt ê

e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua pgur eub prgpgsar uka aktravua at ukahbsdussbgk 3 Igrtukbus y dgksaktbt ha ngkka `rîda+ El kguvaeeasa râplkhbt hlks el vbeea% gò e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka% prasqua ukdgopltrbgta% âtlbt nbak dgkku at igrt lhobrâ+ \ulkh Luùstbksa obt ak rguta pgur rakhra vbsbta lu Hgkltbsta% el iguea e'lttak/

hlbt+ Aeea ea subvbt% at% harrbæra eub% akvlfbt ea egdle ha el dgkiârakda+ H'lbeeaurs% datta iguea âtlbt dgopgsâa surtgut ha durbaux%qub dgurlbakt eê dgooa lu spadtldea+ Eas grltaurs aurakt nbak

B" Apbse+ 84% >% 4 at g 3 8 8% b+ 4" Apblb+ 84% >% 1+

> Bnbh+% 8=5% >+ 4/8+ 8" Bnbh+% 84% >/2% 1/>0+




ha el pabka ê gntakbr uk pau ha sbeakda'+ Kâlkogbks% lpræs ukâdflkà ha dgopeboakts% el hbsdussbgk s'ak`l al+ Aeea sapgursubvbt tlkt nbak qua ole% pakhlkt has fauras% havlkt ukpunebd træs kgonraux% syopltfbqua% olbs turnueakt at nlvlrh >

+

Gk plrel ha tgut da qub hbvbslbt eas haux plrtbs = eas dlrldtærasha el vârbtlnea Âèbsa 4

% el parsâdutbgk-% eas rlppgrts lvad eas

dgoouklutâs h'gutraoar 1% eas grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa 6

% eas vbg/eakdas râdbprgquas% e'lttbtuha akvars eas pâdfaurs% ea nlptíoa 0

%

at nbak h'lutras quastbgks lddassgbras% sgueavâas lu flslrh ha

el dgktrgvarsa% hlks e'bktarvleea has olkbiastltbgks tuoue/tuausas hu punebd+ Ak tarobklkt% Xgk sa obt h'lddgrh sur ea

prgmat h'uka lutra dgkiârakda% ha peus ha pgrtâa% aktra hbxâvíquas hgkltbstas at hbx âvíquas dltfgebquas% qub havrlbakt êtgut prbx trguvar uka igrouea h'aktakta 6

+ Zgur lssurar el trlk/

qubeebtâ has hânlts hlks el iutura dgkiârakda% Luùstbk prgpg/slbt ha dfgbsbr uk tarrlbk kautra% uka olbsgk ha dlopl`kasbtuâa sur ea tarrbtgbra ha Xfunursbduo gu ha Xfl`lsta% el Ybeel

Xbtblkl gu uka lutra% ak tgut dls% uka olbsgk lssaz âegb`kâahas dbtâs pgur qu'gk k'aót ê rahgutar kb ea tuoueta has igueaskb e'liieuakda has bopgrtuks at has nlhluhs 2

+

Tur das dgkiârakdas ha Xfunursbduo% ea dgopta/rakhuh'Luùstbk ast oarvabeeaux ha prâdbsbgk at ha vârbtâ pbttg/

rasqua+ \uaequas trlbts suiibsakt ê hassbkar eas lttbtuhas vlrbâashas luhbtaurs% gu has spadtltaurs = ha da punebd irbvgea% quak'lkboa luduka oluvlbsa bktaktbgk% olbs qub vaut vgbr% qubvaut aktakhra% qub vaut drbar% at qub% ole`râ eas prbæras gu eas

gnmur`ltbgks% dguvra ha sgk nrguflfl el vgbx has grltaurs<:

+

Lu obebau ha tgut da nrubt% el dgktrgvarsa saonea leear prasqualu flslrh+ Eas lssbstlkts ak sgkt raspgkslneas pgur uka ogb/tbâ3 pgur e'lutra% e'âvíqua hgkltbsta+ Luùstbk dfardfa ak vlbkê hbrbàr% ê rloakar ea hânlt vars eas quastbgks assaktbaeeas =

hæs qu'gk tgudfa lux pgbkts hâebdlts% sgk lhvarslbra sa hârgna%ea tlplà lbhlkt+ Lu obebau has rahbtas% has sgus/aktakhus at

has prgpgs gbsaux% el hbsdussbgk sa hârguea lvad e'leeura dlprb/

dbausa% ea elbssar/leear bkdgfârakt h'uka dgkvarsltbgk+ Xaeea iut%

hæs ea hânut ha el dgkiârakda lvad Igrtukbus% e'boprassbgk has`raiibars aux/oíoas+ Luùstbk haolkhlbt qua tgutas eas

plrgeas prgkgkdâas iussakt raduabeebas plr has kgtlrbb gu stâkg/

<" Apbs t+ 88% <% <+

>" Bnbh+% 88% <%>+4" Bnbh+% 88% >% 4+

8" Bnbh+% 88% >% 83 8% 0 at 2 3 1% <<+

1} Bnbh+% 88% 4% 1/9+

9" Apbst+ 88% 8% 6+

X% Bnbh+% 88% l% <:+

6" Bnbh+% 88% T% <>+

2" Bnbh+% 88% 9% <8+

<:% Bnbh+% bb% <% </>3 1% <<3 9% <8+



>06 EA HGKLXBTOA

`rlpfas+ Be e'gntbkt% kgk slks pabka% ha sgk lhvarslbra 3 olbshas stâkg`rlpfas ha prgiassbgk% qub sa trguvlbakt hlks e'lssbs/

tlkda% raiusærakt eaur dgkdgurs+ Be ileeut s'lhrassar ê has deards

gu ê has luhbtaurs ha ngkka vgegktâ% qub dgksaktbrakt ê rao/pebr e'giibda ha `raiibars+ Das stâkg`rlpfas boprgvbsâs ibrakt

h'lngrh ha eaur obaux+ Nbaktøt% bes sa hâdelrærakt bopubsslktsê dgksb`kar sur eaurs tlneattas% lu obebau hu vldlroa has lssbs/

tlkts% eas sgunrasluts h'uka dgktrgvarsa kâdasslbraoakt aktra/

dgupâa <

+ Luùstbk y l râussb pgurtlkt+ Be l kgtâ% hlks sgkdgopta/rakhu% musqu'lux oakus bkdbhakts% ê das patbts hâtlbes

qub hgkkakt e'boprassbgk ha el vba+ Zlr axaopea% be bkhbqua eub/oíoa% h'uk trlbt hbsdrat at spbrbtuae% el ilàgk hgkt be ast sgrtb

h'aonlrrls hlks uk ogoakt drbtbqua+ Igrtukbus% pgur hâogk/trar qua eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt egk`taops rastâs ak dgooukbgklvad eas Âèbsas h'gutra/oar% prghubslbt uka eattra lhrassâa ê

Hgklt ea @rlkh plr uk dgkdbea ha Tlrhbqua+ Luùstbk% qub kadgkklbsslbt pls da hgduoakt% ka slvlbt trgp qua hbra+ Xgut ê

dgup% sgk lob Leypa% âvíqua ha Xfl`lsta% qub ra`lrhlbt plrhassus sgk âpluea% eub ourourl uk ogt ê e'grabeea+ Luùstbkâtlbt tbrâ h'liilbra = ak ebslkt quaequas pfrlsas ha el eattra sykg/hlea% be prguvl lbsâoakt qu'aeea âolklbt h'uk dgkdbea lrbak 1

+

Da qu'gk hgbt kgtar akdgra% hlks das dgkiârakdas ha Xfunur/sbduo% d'ast ea tgk dgurtgbs has hbsdussbgks+ Gk ilbt lsslut

h'lrùoakts at ha taxtas% kgk h'lddusltbgks gu h'bkmuras+

Luùstbk egua el oghârltbgk ha @egrbus at ha sas lobs 3 be

hâdelra qu'be ka eas dgksbhæra pls dgooa has fârâtbquas 4+ Das

Hgkltbstas% ê eaur tgur% gkt lutlkt h'lhobrltbgk pgur Luùstbk

qua ha vâkârltbgk pgur eaur âvíqua-+ Igrtukbus ast uk fgkkítafgooa at uk `lelkt fgooa+ Be lddapta ha ngkka `rîdae'aktravua prgpgsâa+ Be prâeuha ê el hbsdussbgk plr has dgopeb/oakts ê sgk lhvarslbra+ Be dgkhloka eas vbgeakdas ha dartlbks

sdfbsoltbquas+ Be ra`ratta el hâdbsbgk has dgkdbeas hgkltbstas

qub grhgkklbakt ha ranlptbsar tgus eas Dltfgebquas+ Be ast h'lvbs

qua eas haux Âèbsas havrlbakt rakgkdar ê sa raprgdfar outuae/eaoakt eas axdæs ha eaurs plrtbslks+ << radgkklët el egylutâ ha

sgk dgktrlhbdtaur+ Be ogktra naludgup ha ngkka vgegktâ% atlddapta ea prgmat h'uka lutra dgkiârakda+ Ea eakhaolbk% be vl

rakhra vbsbta ê Luùstbk% at ea qubtta ê ra`rat 1+ Das dgkiârakdas

ha Xfunursbduo% gò eas lhvarslbras igkt lsslut ha dgurtgbsba%

sgkt uk spadtldea rapgslkt lu obebau has quaraeeas% has vbg/

<" Apbse+ 88% <% >+ 8" Apbst+ 88% <% <3 >% 4+

>" Bfbh+% 88% 4% 9+ 3b" Bnbh+% 88% <% < = >% 4 3 1% <> 3 9% <4+

4" o +% 84% U+




eakdas at has oaurtras% gò s'aopgrtlbt trgp sguvakt el rbvlebtâ

has haux Âèbsas+Tpadtldea ukbqua% lu ogbks hlks eas dgkiârakdas hu taops+

Ea peus sguvakt% h'lbeeaurs% gk k'ak vbkt oíoa pls ê el hbsdus/sbgk punebqua = havlkt ea outbsoa bktrlksbàlkt has Hgkltbstas%eas lppaes eas peus âegquakts k'lvlbakt pls h'âdfg <

+ Luùstbkka rakgkàl pls pgur dael ê sgk bhâa+ Be asslyl ha hbsdutar plrdgrraspgkhlkda% at y râussbt plrigbs >

+ Hlks has dbrdgkstlkdas`rlvas% be prgpgsl ha kguvalu has dgkiârakdas dgktrlhbdtgbrasê has âvíquas ha Kuobhba+ Yars 8:9% ê uk

ogoakt gòeas

Dbr/dgkdaeebgks rahgunelbakt ha rlà hlks eas akvbrgks h'Fbppgka%be taktl uka hâolrdfa sgeakkaeea lupræs ha Blkulrblkus% ea prb/olt sdfbsoltbqua ha el prgvbkda+ Xgut ak ea sgoolkt h'lrrítareas vbgeakdas% be e'bkvbtl ê kâ`gdbar el râukbgk h'uka `rlkhadgkiârakda aktra eas haux plrtbs% gu% tgut lu ogbks% aktra eas

âvíquas ha el râ`bgk 4+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qua Blkulrblkus ibt

ea sgurh+L Fbppgka oíoa% hlks sl vbeea âpbsdgplea% Luùstbk hut

lnlkhgkkar tgut prgmat ha hbsdussbgk at h'aktakta lvad sgkdgeeæùa sdfbsoltbqua+ Qk hgduoakt sb`kbibdltbi% râhb`â vars ea

obebau ha 8<:% kgus pabkt e'âtlt has asprbts hlks ea dlopakkaob+ Oldrgnbus% ea kguvae âvíqua hgkltbsta% ea suddassaurha Zrgdueablkus% vaklbt ha ilbra sgk aktrâa hlks el vbeea%

prasqua ak trbgopfa% lu obebau has nlkhas ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks'+Zau ha taops lpræs% gk lkkgkàl qu'be leelbt ranlptbsar uksgus/hbldra dltfgebqua% plssâ lu sdfbsoa ê el subta h'uka

axdgooukbdltbgk U Luùstbk akvgyl lussbtøt ê Oldrgnbus hauxkgtlneas ha sl dgoouklutâ% Olxbous at Xfaghgrus% dflr`âs haeub raoattra uka eattra ha prgtastltbgk+ Ygbdb ea prgdæs/varnleha e'aktravua = « Tubvlkt eas bkstrudtbgks ha tl Tlbktatâ% kguskgus sgooas rakhus lupræs ha e'âvíqua Oldrgnbus+ Dgooakgus eub prâsaktbgks el eattra ha tl Nâltbtuha% be raiusl h'lngrhh'ak aktakhra el eadtura+ Akibk% be sa elbssl âoguvgbr plr kgtrabksbstlkda% at dgksaktbt ê âdgutar+ Lpræs el eadtura% be hbt = « Ma« ka pubs oa hbspaksar h'ldduabeebr daux qub vbakkakt ê ogb% at

« ha eaur hgkkar ea sldraoakt qu'bes gkt sgeebdbtâ ³+ Dgooakgus eub haolkhbgks sgk saktboakt sur el dgkhubta ha Zrbobl/kus% be hbt qu'be lvlbt âtâ râdaooakt grhgkkâ% qu'be ka pguvlbtsa ilbra ea muà ha sgk prbolt% qu'be s'ak taklbt lux ræèas âtl/

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <: 3 Lu/ 0: 3 24+

ùstbk% Apbst+ 84% < 3 Dgktrl ebteavls Za/ 4" Apbst+ 66% <:+

tbeblkb% <%<+ 8" Apbst+ <:6% 1% <8+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 82 3 1>/14 3 19/103 1" Apbst+ <:9 3 <:6% 9% <2+



>6: EA HGKLXBTOA

nebas plr sas lkdbaks «+Luùstbk drut havgbr râiutar egkùa/oakt das râpgksas 1

3 olbs el rlbsgk at e'âegquakda has Dltfg/

ebquas lvlbakt pau ha prbsa sur Oldrgnbus+Aoarbtus% e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua ha Dlaslral% k'âtlbt pls peus

lddgooghlkt% pls peus hbspgsâ ê l`râar has prgpgsbtbgks haDgkiârakdas+ Luùstbk% qub ole`râ tgut e'astbolbt% lvlbt asslyâvlbkaoakt ha e'loakar ê hbsdutar% lu ogbks plr eattras 4

+ Olbs%

ak 8<<% ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% eas haux âvíquas sa trgu/

værakt ilda ê ilda% dflduk h'aux lu praobar rlk` has dflo/pbgks ha sgk plrtb

8+ Tapt lks peus tlrh% uk dgkdgurs sbkùebar

hadbrdgkstlkdas obt akdgra ak prâsakda eas haux lhvarslbras+

Da mgur/eê% ea >: saptaonra 8<6% Luùstbk slvgurl e'uk ha sas

peus nalux trbgopfas grltgbras 4+ Be muàlbt datta sâlkda sb

bopgrtlkta% qu'be ilbslbt ibùrar eas @astl duo Aoarbtg hlks el

ebsta ha sas guvrlàs 9+ Ea prgdæs/varnle stâkg`rlpfbâ ha datta

dgkiârakda dâeænra kgus ast plrvaku bktldt3 be oârbta uka âtuhahâtlbeeâa% qu'gk trguvarl peus egbk% lu hgssbar h'Aoarbtus+

Dapakhlkt% das dgktrgvarsas lvad tae gu tae âvíqua sdfbsol/tbqua% qua da iót Aoarbtus% Oldrgnbus gu Blkulrblkus% k'âtlbakt

peus qua has âpbsghas hlks e'lrhakta dlopl`ka qub sa pgursub/vlbt dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Hapubs egk`taops% e'bhâa h'Luùstbksur e'utbebtâ has Dgkiârakdas punebquas lvlbt prbs uka igroakguvaeea = aeea s'âtlbt âelr`ba at prâdbsâa% lu pgbkt ha havakbr el

prâgddupltbgk hgobklkta has dgkdbeas% ea prbkdbpa hbrbàlkt

ha eaur pgebtbqua+ Zau ê pau% hlks eas dardeas dltfgebquas lirb/

dlbks% gk âtlbt lrrbvâ ê datta dgkvbdtbgk% qua ea ogyak ea peusprltbqua at ea peus sór ha supprboar ea sdfbsoa âtlbt ha ilbra

trlkdfar hâibkbtbvaoakt el quastbgk plr uka dgkiârakda `âkâ/rlea aktra olkhltlbras has haux plrtbs+ Zgur qua datta dgkiâ/rakda hgkkît eas râsuetlts lttakhus% aeea havlbt lvgbr uk dlrld/

tæra giibdbae% qub ak`làît â`leaoakt eas haux Âèbsas+ Luxbkbtbltbvas bkhbvbhuaeeas havlbt hgkd s'lmgutar gu sa sunstbtuar

e'ldtbgk has dgkdbeas% qub lu nasgbk sgeebdbtarlbakt e'bktarvak/

tbgk has ol`bstrlts+ H'gò e'lspadt kguvalu has hgduoakts qub

sa rlppgrtakt ê das prgmats+ Da ka sgkt peus has prgdæs/varnluxquaedgkquas = da sgkt has @astl punebdl% has hgduoakts giib/

dbaes% râhb`âs plr grhra has ol`bstrlts% sgus eaur survabeelkda at

eaur raspgkslnbebtâ+

<" Apbse+ <:0+ ‘ Di+ Apbse+ <:6% <% </ 20 at subv+ 3 >:: at subv+ 3 >9: at subv+

> 3 Tarog 89% <4% 4<+ 1" Luùstbk% Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs

>" Apbst+ <:6+ Addeasbla peanao% < de subv+ 3 5basel duo4" Apbst+ 60+ Aoarbtg% < at subv+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% 42 at subv+ ë 9" ebaerldt+% Be% 00+




Ea praobar dgkdbea qub aktrl hlks datta vgba% ast ea dgkdbea

taku ê Dlrtflà ea <4 saptaonra 8:<+ << vgtl ea prbkdbpa h'uka

tgurkâa ha dgkiârakdas% gò e'gk ak`làrlbt has dgktrgvarsaspunebquas lvad eas Hgkltbstas = uka hâputltbgk h'âvíquas dltfg/

ebquas% oukba h'bkstrudtbgks prâdbsas &olkhltuo"% sa rakhrlbt

ha vbeea ak vbeea% sa oattrlbt plrtgut ak rlppgrts lvad el dgo/ouklutâ sdfbsoltbqua% at prâplrarlbt ea ratgur ê e'ukbtâ akdfardflkt ê hbssbpar eas oleaktakhus% ak hâogktrlkt lu punebd

qua eas âvíquas prboblkbstas lvlbakt aux/oíoas rakbâ eaurs

prbkdbpas hlks eaur dgkhubta akvars eas Olxboblkbstas <

+ Zgur

igurkbr uka nlsa sgebha ê das hbsdussbgks% gk prbl eas `guvar/kaurs lirbdlbks h'guvrbr plrtgut has akquítas sur eas hâoíeâsaktra eas haux sadtas hgkltbstas% at ha ilbra dgksb`kar ea râsue/

tlt ha das akquítas hlks has @astl punebdl-+ Kgus ka slvgks da

qu'be lhvbkt ha datta dlopl`ka+Ak 8:4% has dgktrgvarsas gu has aktravuas giibdbaeeas% plr/

havlkt eas ol bstrlts% aktra eas âvíquas has haux plrtbs% auraktebau hlks prasqua tgutas eas dbtâs lirbdlbkas+ Ea dgkdbea ha Dlr/

tflà hu >1 lgót% hlks e'aspgbr ha ildbebtar at ha fîtar el dgkvg/dltbgk h'uka dgkiârakda `âkârlea qub supprboarlbt ea sdfbsoa%lvlbt bol`bkâ ha oattra tgus eas âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas akhaoaura h'lhfârar lu prbkdbpa ha datta dgkiârakda+ Be lvlbt

hâdbhâ qua% hlks tgutas eas vbeeas gò eas haux Âèbsas âtlbakt akprâsakda% e'âvíqua dltfgebqua kâ`gdbarlbt sur da pgbkt% subvlktuka prgdâhura ibxâa h'lvlkda% lvad sgk dgeeæùa hgkltbsta 4

+ Akoíoa taops% e'gk lvlbt haolkhâ lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks haildbebtar das kâ`gdbltbgks at h'ak ilbra hrassar plrtgut ea prg/dæs/varnle 8

+ Ea prg`rlooa iut subvb ha pgbkt ak pgbkt+ L das

kâ`gdbltbgks at dgkiârakdas aktra âvíquas rbvlux% sa rlp/

pgrtakt haux `rgupas ha @astl plnebdl gu hgduoakts giibdbaes =

<º has @astl mbthbduo% prgdæs/varnlux raeltbis lux hâolrdfasilbtas lupræs has `guvarkaurs 1

3 >º has @astl oukbdbple7 l% prg/dæs/varnlux hrassâs ak hbiiâraktas vbeeas% plr ea sgbk has lutg/

rbtâs egdleas% at raeltbis ê e'aktravua ha e'âvíqua dltfgebqua lvade'âvíqua hgkltbsta 9

+

Eas @astl muhbduo% râhb`âs sgus eas yaux has `guvarkaurs at

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1% 9+ ‘ Di+ Dg/99/90 3 92 3 61+ hax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ 2>+

>" enbh+% dlk+ 9<+ ‘ Di+ dlk+ 92+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <<93 Luùs/

4" enbh+% dlk+ 2</2>+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8% 8 3 1% 9 3 6%

Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 81% 823 Apbst+ << 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <%<366% 0+ <9% >:3 4<% 143 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

8" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ 2<+ 89% 1: 3 BY% 80% 10 3 Apbst+ 66% 0 3 Tarog1" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <08 3 Luùs/ bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+



>6> EA HGKLXBTOA

dgksarvâs hlks eaurs lrdfbvas% lvlbakt pgur gnmat ha dgkstltar%ha prguvar lu nasgbk% qua eas Dltfgebquas lvlbakt gntakue'lutgrbsltbgk ha raquârbr plrtgut e'bktarvaktbgk has lutgrbtâsoukbdbpleas pgur el dgkvgdltbgk ha e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua at el

râhldtbgk hu prgdæs/varnle ha e'aktravua+ Eas haux pbædas assak/tbaeeas ha das hgssbars âtlbakt el raquíta hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàat el râpgksa hu `guvarkaur+ Be ast træs vrlbsaonelnea qua has@astl ha da àkra gkt axbstâ hlks eas Lrdfbvas ha tgutas eas prg/vbkdas lirbdlbkas+ Haux ha das raduabes sgkt oaktbgkkâsaxprassâoakt = eas @astl prgdgksuelrbl % at eas @astl vbdlrbla

prlaiadeurla% tbrâs has lrdfbvas hu prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà at hu

vbdlbra h'Lirbqua'+ Tur ea sadgkh ha das hgssbars% kgus k'lvgkspls ha hgkkâas prâdbsas 3 olbs gk paut sa ea raprâsaktar h'lpræsea praobar% qub ast prasqua aktbæraoakt dgksarvâ+ Ak aiiat% kguspgssâhgks akdgra ea taxta ê pau præs dgopeat has haux pbædasprbkdbpleas hgkt sa dgopgslbakt eas @astl prgdgksuelrbl = el

raquíta hu dgkdbea lu prgdgksue Taptbobkus% at el râpgksa hada prgdgksue% d'ast/ê/hbra sgk âhbt% hgkt be l âtâ quastbgk peus

flut >+

\ulkt lux @astl oukbdbplebl% bes gkt hó ítra bkkgonrlneas%pubsqu'gk havlbt ak hrassar hlks tgutas eas vbeeas gò âtlbakt akprâsakda haux dgoouklutâs rbvleas+ Gk paut radgkstbtuar ea

dgktaku ha das hgssbars ê e'lbha has irlòakts dgksarvâs% at

h'lpræs ea oghæea ha prgdâhura &Igrol dg tvaktbgkbs Hgkltbstl/

rlo" akvgyâ ê tgus eas âvíquas dltfgebquas plr ea dgkdbea hu>1 lgót+ Xgus das prgdæs/varnlux rakiarolbakt = <º e'âhbt hu`guvarkaur% lutgrbslkt eas kâ`gdbltbgks3 >º ea olkhltuo%d'ast/ê/hbra e'bkvbtltbgk gu el sgooltbgk lhrassâa plr ea Dltfg/ebqua lu Hgkltbsta 3 4º el râpgksa hu Hgkltbsta 4

+ ‘ El sadgkhaha das pbædas% ea olkhltuo % âtlbt plrtgut bhaktbqua = kgus aklvgks ea taxta dgopeat hlks eas Ldtas hu Dgkdbea-+ El praobærapbæda vlrblbt saueaoakt lvad el prgvbkda = kgus ak pgssâhgksuk spâdboak hlks e'âhbt hu prgdgksue Taptbobkus 1

+ El trgbsbæoa

pbæda hbiiârlbt% klturaeeaoakt% h'uka vbeea ê e'lutra = kgus dgk/klbssgks% lu ogbks plr irlòakts% eas râpgksas has âvíquashgkltbstas ha Dlrtflà% h'Fbppgka at ha Dlelol @

+

L Dlrtflà% eas haux prbolts% eas dfais supríoas has haux

B" Dgeelb+ Dlrefk`+% <<<% <08+ ‘ Di+

<<<% <8< at <89 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

BBB 1% 9+

geelt+ Durtfl3 +% BBB% <08+

4" Dghar dlkgk+ Addea-+ l irbd% dlk+

2>+ ‘ Di+ Dge ut+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <<93Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 0 3 Dgkerl Drasdg/

kbuo% BBB% 89% 1:+

8" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% dlk+

2>+

1" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <08+

9" Dgeelb+ Dlreflq+% BBB% <<93 Luùstbk%Dgktrl Dratdgkbwk% BBB% 89% 1: = Apbst+

66% 0+




Âèbsas rbvleas% sa trguværakt ak prâsakda <+ Dgkvgquâ plr uk

ol`bstrlt oukbdbple sur el haolkha h'Luraebus% Zrboblkuslppgrtl gu akvgyl uka râpgksa âdrbta% qu'be ibt ebra plr ukhbldra >

+ D'âtlbt uka ibk ha kgk/radavgbr% sur uk tgk ha hâib%

lvad râdrbobkltbgks at bkmuras+ Zrboblkus rapgusslbt dltâ`grb/

quaoakt eas prgpgsbtbgks ha dgkiârakda = « Da sarlbt uka bkhb/

`kbtâ% hbslbt/be% qua ha râukbr eas ibes has olrtyrs at eas hasdak/hlkts has trlhbtaurs ³-+ Be gslbt rlbeear e'lppub prítâ luxDltfgebquas plr ea `guvarkaoakt = « Aux% bes lppgrtakt eas

eattras sldrâas ha kgonraux aoparaurs3 kgus% kgus giirgks

saueaoakt eas Âvlk`beas ³U Zubs% ilbslkt leeusbgk lux dgkibsdl/tbgks ha nlsbebquas = « Aux% bes vgeakt ea nbak h'lutrub3 kgus%kgus rakgkàgks ê da qu'gk kgus vgea ³ 1

+ Be prgtastlbt dgktraeas parsâdutbgks = « Ygs lkdítras gkt prgsdrbt kgs pæras% qu'bes

gkt axbeâs ha tgus døtâs ³9

+ Be prâtakhlbt qua eas Dltfgebquas% akda ogoakt oíoa% « lbùbslbakt eaurs âpâas ³U ‘ Xaeeas sgkteas hâdelrltbgks qu'aut ê akra`bstrar ea `raiibar hu ol`bstrlt haDlrtflà% hlks eas @astl obbkbdbplebl+ Dapakhlkt% Zrboblkus

âtlbt sb dgktakt hasl râpgksa% qu'be

drut havgbr el kgtbibar plruka eattra dbrduelbra ê tgus eas âvíquas ha sgk plrtb 6+ Zubs% be

dgkvgqul uk dgkdbea% qub raiusl hâibkbtbvaoakt el dgkiârakda <8

+

Hlks el vbeea h'Luùstbk% e'âvíqua hgkltbsta% qub lu igkhk'âtlbt pls ogbks bktrlksbàlkt% sa ogktrl peus hbpegolta+ Easol`bstrlts h'Fbppgka aurakt ê ilbra râhbàr uk hgunea prgdæs/varnle% plrda qu'be y aut haux aktravuas suddassbvas% ê quaequassaolbkas gu quaequas ogbs h'bktarvleea+ Hæs sgk ratgur ha Dlr/tflà% Luùstbk sa prâgddupl h'l`br dgkigroâoakt lux pras/drbptbgks hu dgkdbea% prasdrbptbgks qu'be lvlbt h'lbeeaurs

bkspbrâas+ Qka praobæra igbs% be ibt dgkvgquar havlkt eas ol`bs/trlts ha el dbtâ sgk dgeeæùa sdfbsoltbqua = Zrgdueablkus sa

dgktaktl ha hâdelrar qua eas âvíquas ha sgk plrtb leelbakt sa

râukbr ak dgkdbea pgur lvbsar% qu'be lmgurklbt hgkd sl râpgksa+Lpræs ea dgkdbea hgkltbsta% Luùstbk ravbkt ê el dflrà% at ibt

lhrassar ê sgk dgeeæùa uka kguvaeea dgkvgdltbgk = datta igbs%

<" Dgeeît+ SDlrtcu`+% <<<% <<93 Luùs/ elt+% 4<% 143 Takkg BB bk Zsleo+ 49% Brt+

tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8% 8 3 T% << 3 Lh 1" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 103

Hgklebstls pgst Dgeeît+% <% < 3 <9% >:3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 6% F 3 Tarog BB bk4<% 143 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10 3 Zsleo+ 49% <6/<2+Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+ 9" Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% <9% >:+

>" Luùstbk% Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dge/ 0" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+

elt+% <+ 6" Bnbh+% 49% <6+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <<93 Luùstbk% 2" Dgeeît+ Dlrtibl`+% BBB% <<:3 Luùstbk%Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% 8% 83 Lh Hgkltbstls Apbst+ 09% 8 3 6T%0

3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%vgs + Dgeeît+% <+ <<<% 89% 1:+

8" Luùstbk% Lh Hgklebstls pgst Dge/



>68 EA HGKLXBTOA

Zrgdueablkus dgksaktbt ê râpgkhra% olbs pgur raiusar el dgkiâ/

rakda+ Luùstbk `lrhl prâdbausaoakt eas dgpbas has haux prg/

dæs/varnlux% pgurs'ak sarvbr ê

e'gddlsbgk<

+

Eas dfgsas sa plssærakt ha oíoa ê Dlelol% sb da k'ast quae'âvíqua hgkltbsta y ibt rbra ê sas hâpaks+ Eê lussb% be y aut

hgunea aktravua% at hgunea prgdæs/varnle >+ Zgssbhbus lylkt ilbt

dgkvgquar sgk dgeeæùa havlkt eas ol`bstrlts% Drbspbkushâdelrl% dgooa Zrgdueablkus% qu'be leelbt sa rakhra ê uk dgkdbea

hgkltbsta% at qu'be râpgkhrlbt saueaoakt ê sgk ratgur+ Elsadgkha dgkvgdltbgk aut ebau% kgus hbt/gk% lssaz egk`taopslpræs+ Drbspbkus dgksaktbt ê dgoplrlëtra% olbs gk ka put tbrar

ha eub lutra dfgsa qua has varsats nbnebquas+ L el praobæraquastbgk% be râpgkhbt plr uka dbtltbgk hu ebvra has Olddflnâas =

« Ka drlbks pls eas plrgeas hu pâdfaur ³ 4+ Zubs% da iut uk pls/

slà has Zrgvarnas = « @lrha/tgb ha plrear havlkt eas grabeeas

h'uk bksaksâ = s'be t'aktakh% be rlbeearl el slàssa ha tas hbs/

dgurs ³-+ Zrassâ ha s'axpebquar% be lmgutl = « Ygbdb ol râpgksa%dgkigroa lu elk`l a hu pltrblrdfa = \ua eas bopbas s'âegb`kakt

ha ogb% ma ka vaux pls dgkklëtra eaurs vgbas ³ '.+ Ea prgpfæta

hgkltbsta ha Dlelol aut ak Kuobhba uk suddæs ha igu rbra+ Gksa ogqul ha dat lpøtra% qub ka vguelbt pls dgkklëtra eas bopbas 3

ha dat grltaur sb hbsdrat% qub ka s'lvakturlbt pls ê plrear akpunebd% dgooa sb parsgkka eub haolkhlbt sas sadrats 3 ha da

fârgs qub hâdelrlbt ka pls drlbkhra eas plrgeas hu pâdfaur% at

qub dapakhlkt k'gslbt pls râpgkhra+ Gk rbt naludgup = olbsquaequas' mgurs peus tlrh% lux akvbrgks ha Dlelol% uka nlkhah'âkarùoækas% dgkhubta plr uk prítra sdfbsoltbqua% takhbt

uka aonusdlha ê e'âvíqua dltfgebqua% ea rgul ha dgups% asslyloíoa ha ea nróear vbi U

E'bktrlksbàlkda has sadtlbras% e'axaopea at el dbrduelbra haZrboblkus% el hâdbsbgk hu dgkdbea hgkltbsta% lvlbakt ilbt âdfguarê el ibk ha 8:4 ea prgmat h'uka dgkiârakda `âkârlea 0

3 at eas

Dltfgebquas purakt hâsaspârar ha ea vgbr mlolbs lngutbr+ Dngsadurbausa% eas hbssbhakts iurakt eas praobars ê raprakhra da prg/

mat 3 at% dbrdgkstlkda l``rlvlkta% bes s'lhrassærakt lu pguvgbrsâduebar+ Xrlquâs slks oardb hapubs 8:1 ak vartu ha e'âhbt h'u/

kbgk% bes dgooakàlbakt ê ra`rattar ea taops gò bes k'âtlbaktoakldâs qua ha dgktrgvarsas at ha sarogks+ Lu hânut ha e'lk/

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 0+ 9" Zgssbhbus% Rbtl Luùsebkb% <83 Lu/>" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:+ ùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:

3

4" Olddfln+% >% 9>+ Apbît+ <:1% >% <+

8" Zrgvarn+% >4% 2+ 0" Dgeeît+ Dlr tfl`+% BBB% <<:= Luùstbk%';" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% Apbst+ .49%83 66% 0= <:rb% 8% <43 Dgktrl

89% 1: / Di+ Mgn% 48% >0+ Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:+




kâa 8:9% uka hâputltbgk h'âvíquas hgkltbstas% plrob easquaes

Zrboblkus ha Dlrtflà at Olxbobkus ha Tbkbtuo% sa rakhbt akBtleba+ Lrrbvâs ê ^lvakkas% gò âtlbt el dgur% eas sdfbsoltbquashaolkhærakt uka luhbakda lu prâiat hu prâtgbra+ Ea 4: mlkvbar%

bes raobrakt ê da igkdtbgkklbra uka raquíta% qub hgkkl ebau ê

uk lssaz egk` hânlt <+ Eaur raquíta plrlët lvgbr au uk hgunea

gnmat+ H'lngrh% bes sgeebdbtlbakt el dgkvgdltbgk h'uka dgkiârakda`âkârlea aktra eas olkhltlbras has haux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas+ Aklttakhlkt% pubsqu'bes âtlbakt parsâdutâs% bes prâtakhlbakt pelb/

har eaur dlusa havlkt ea prâiat hu prâtgbra = pgur qua ea muàpót aktakhra el vgbx has haux plrtbs% bes ea prblbakt ha dgkvg/quar ak oíoa taops has âvgquas dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% hgktuk dartlbk Yleaktbkus% qub sa trguvlbakt â`leaoakt ê ^lvak/kas/+ Ea prâiat% lpræs quaequas quastbgks at gnmadtbgks% gppgsluk raius dltâ`grbqua% igkhâ sur eas trgbs rlbsgks subvlktas =

e'aoparaur saue lvlbt lutgrbtâ pgur grhgkkar el râukbgk h'ukadgkiârakda `âkârlea% eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks prâsakts ê

^lvakkas k'lvlbakt pls olkhlt ha plrear lu kgo ha eaur Aèbsa%

at ea røea h'uk igkdtbgkklbra sa ngrklbt ê ilbra lppebquar e'âhbt

bopârble% e'âhbt h'ukbgk 4+ Tubvlkt e'uslà% gk hrassl uk prg/

dæs/varnle% gò âtlbakt dgksb`kâas el raquíta has Hgkltbstas% eaurs

hâdelrltbgks ilbtas ê e'luhbakda% at el râpgksa hu prâiat = da sgktdas @astl prldiadtgrbl ha ^lvakkas% hgkt be ast sguvakt quas/

tbgk hlks el ebttârltura lirbdlbka hu taops 8

+ Ha da hgduoakt%ea prâlonuea saue kgus ast plrvaku = d'ast qua eas Hgkltbstas

ibrakt tgus eaurs aiigrts pgur ak aopídfar el hbvue`ltbgk+ Bes

ra`rattærakt vbta eaur hâolrdfa olelhrgbta at bktaopastbva%qub igurkbt dgktra aux lux Dltfgebquas uk lrùoakt hâdbsbi+

Hlks el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% ê peusbaurs raprbsas% ea prâsbhakt<

asslyl vlbkaoakt ha ilbra ebra eas @astl prlaiadtgrbl = ole`râtgutas eas taktltbvas has `raiibars% be hut y rakgkdar havlkte'gnstrudtbgk has Hgkltbstas 1

+

El iloausa dgkiârakda% râdeloâa tgur ê tgur plr eas hauxplrtbs% ibkbt plr sa râukbr+ Eas Dltfgebquas raprbrakt eaur prg/

mat ak 8<:3 eaur dgkdbea hu <8 mubk ea iët lngutbr ak s'lhrasslkthbradtaoakt ê e'aoparaur% qub% plr sl dgkstbtutbgk hu <8 gdtgnra%

dflràl uk dgoobsslbra spâdble ha dgkvgquar eas haux plrtbs%

ha prâsbhar eas hânlts% ha râtlnebr e'ukbtâ lu prgibt ha e'Aèbsa

vbdtgrbausa 9+ L datta dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% qub sbâàl hu < ar

U" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <8< 3 Luùs/ Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît+% >1% 883 Apbst+

tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8% 1 at subv+ 66% <:+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% <:+ T" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <<:3 <>8 3<>6/

4" Bnbh+% 66% <:+ <4:3 <8:/<8<3 <14/<183 <0:3 <04+

8" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8%8/13 1% 93 Lh 9" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+



>69 EA HGKLXBTOA

lu 6 mubk 8<<% sa rlppgrta uk hgssbar axtrlgrhbklbraoakt vgeu/obkaux% eas @astl Dgeeltbgk s% qua kgus kgus dgktaktgks haoaktbgkkar bdb+ D'ast lux Ldtas has Dgkdbeas qu'be ilut mgbkhrada hgssbar = dlr e'bhâa h'Luùstbk lvlbt ilbt sgk dfaobk% at be yl egbk has oghastas dgktrgvarsas h'Fbppgka lux sgeakkaeeaslssbsas ha el dgkiârakda giibdbaeea ha Dlrtflà+

Hgssbars muhbdblbras hu Hgkltbsoa lu taops h'Luùstbk+ ‘ @astl pun bdl raeltbis

k has akquítas ilbtas ê Fbppgka ak 429 at ak 8:4+ ‘ Zbædas has prgdæs bktaktâsplr eas Dltfgebquas ê has Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks has akvbrgksh'Fbppgka ak <121+ ‘ Zrgdæs bktaktâ plr has âvæquas dltfgebquas ê B'âvíquahgkltbsta Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb% vars 421+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Drbspbkus ha Dlelol%

b k 8:4/8:8+ ‘ Zrgdæs bktaktâs lux Hgkltbstas ak 8:8 plr Olxboblkus ha Nl`lç atplr Tarvus ha Xfufursbduo Nura+ ‘ Lutras prgdæs ê el tbk ha 8:6+ ‘ Zrgdæshas Dbrdgkdaeebgks h'Fbppgka ak 8<</8<>+ ‘ Zbædas has prgdæs bktaktâs plr eas

Zrboblkbstas lux Olxboblkbstas pgur el rastbtutbgk has nlsbebquas &42T/420"+ ‘@astl prgdgksuelrbl at @astl oukbdbplebl raeltbis lux ldtbgks muhbdblbras hashaux plrtbs+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Olxboblkus ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Tlevbusha Oaonrassl+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Iaebdblkus ha Oustb at ha Zrlataxtltus h'Lssu/rls+ ‘ Lutras prgdæs qub sa rlppgrtakt bkhbradtaoakt lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Zrgdæsha Olrdaeebkus at h'Lprbk`bus ak 8<4+ ‘ Zbædas ha e'akquíta ha Iusslel+

L tgus das hgduoakts% qub olrquakt pgur kgus% lu taopsh'Luùstbk% eas prbkdbplux bkdbhakts ha el eutta aktra eas hauxÂèbsas% gk hgbt mgbkhra uka rbdfa sârba ha hgssbars muhbdblbras+

Eas Lirbdlbks% lu ogbks hlks datta pârbgha ha eaur fbstgbra% gktâtâ ha tarrbneas pelbhaurs = el olkba prgdassbva âtlbt e'axpras/

sbgk eâ`lea ha eaur fuoaur nltlbeeausa+ Hæs e'grb`bka hu sdfbsoa%eas haux plrtbs lvlbakt pgrtâ eaurs quaraeeas havlkt eas trbnu/

klux = tâogbk eas Ldtl puryltbgbbbs Iaebdbs at eas @astl lpuh]akgpfbeuo <

+ Zeus tlrh% sgus ea ræ`ka ha Muebak% eas Hgkltbstaslvlbakt bktaktâ uka iguea h'ldtbgks muhbdblbras ak ravakhbdltbgkhas nlsbebquas'+ Lpræs ea sdfbsoa ha ^g`ltus% eas Zlroâkbl/kbstas s'lhrassærakt â`leaoakt lux muàs dbvbes pgur sa ilbra

rakhra eas âèbsas gddupâas plr has ^g`ltbstas 4+ Yars el ibk hu

bv sbædea% eas prgdæs sa ouetbpebakt% h'lngrh aktra Zrbobl/kbstas at Olxboblkbstas% pubs aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas+

El ravakhbdltbgk ak mustbda iut% pgur Luùstbk at sas lobs% e'ukhas prbkdbpas ha eaur pgebtbqua = d'âtlbt el ùarra eâ`lea% ak ilda

ha el ùarra ê dgups ha nîtgks gu ha dgutalux+ El peuplrt has

<:<3 Dlh+ X tagh+% VYB% <<% 43 Dgeeît+ >" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 40 3 Gptît% <<<%

Dlrtfl`+% B% 8/13 BBB% >23 Luùstbk% ebra/ 43 YB% g3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbseuelovba+ Dgeeît+% B% < = BBB% >/8+ Zlroakblkb% B% <>% <23 Dgktrl ebt tar ls

<" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ < at >% U;+ <6T e'aebebubtb% BB% 'M>% e':4 at >:13 <-0% >>8+

at b';0 b ; 4 y Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 24% 4% << at subv+




prgdæs hu taops sa rlppgrtakt sgbt ê has pelbktas hâpgsâas dgktraeas lutaurs h'lttaktlts% sgbt ê has dgktastltbgks lu sumat hasnlsbebquas gu lutras booauneas+ Gk hbstbkùa peusbaurs `rgupasha hgssbars = akquítas giibdbaeeas% kgk subvbas h'uka ldtbgk muhb/

dblbra prgpraoakt hbta3

prgdæs aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas3prgdæs aktra Zrboblkbstas at Olxboblkbstas3 prgdæs qub sa rlt/

tldfakt bkhbradtaoakt lu Hgkltbsoa+ Zlrigbs% e'ldtbgk muhbdblbra

s'ast pgursubvba suddassbvaoakt havlkt eas ol`bstrlts oukbdb/plux &@astl rfukbdbplebl" <

% at havlkt ea `guvarkaur ha el prg/

vbkda &@astl prgdgksueêrbl gu @asth vbdlrbla prlaiadturla-+Naludgup ha das hgssbars âtlbakt vgeuobkaux% at rakiarolbakthas pbædas ha tgut àkra+ Luduk k'ast dgksarvâ aktbæra/

oakt3 at% sur peusbaurs% kgus k'lvgks qua has hgkkâas træs

bkdgopeætas+ Olbs% pgur h'lutras% at has peus bopgrtlkts% kguspgssâhgks has raksab`kaoakts prâdbs% lvad ha kgonraux irl`/

oakts+ Tguvakt% Xgk paut radgkstbtuar lssaz axldtaoakt el

ebsta has pbædas+

Dartlbkas akquítas% guvartas ê Fbppgka sur uka pelbktah'Luùstbk% saoneakt k'lvgbr pls âtâ subvbas ha prgdæs+ Xaeea

ast e'akquíta ha 429+ Qk dartlbk Ybdtgr% prítra sdfbsoltbquah'uka plrgbssa rurlea% lvlbt ranlptbsâ uk mauka Dltfgebqua% qublvlbt âtâ râprbolkhâ plr sgk âvíqua pgur lvgbr nlttu sl oæra%at qub% pgur sa vakàr% lvlbt plssâ lu Hgkltbsoa 4

= ea prítrahbssbhakt tgonlbt sgus ea dgup has egbs qub bktarhbslbakt ea

sadgkh nlptíoa+ L el subta h'uka pelbkta h'Luùstbk% eas ol`bs/trlts h'Fbppgka ibrakt uka akquíta+ Gk bktarrgàl ea prítra Ybd/

tgr% qub hâdelrl lvgbr l`b ak vartu has bkstrudtbgks ha Zrgdu/eablkus% sgk âvíqua = el râpgksa iut dgksb`kâa hlks ukprgdæs/varnle {@astl punebd l" [

+ Luùstbk ka sgkàlbt pls êpgussar e'liilbra peus egbk 3 be dgoptlbt saueaoakt sa sarvbr hael pbæda hlks sas dgktrgvarsas sur ea sdfbsoa+ Olbs% nbaktøt% be

s'bkqubâtl+ Eas `raiibars lvlbakt/bes ole aktakhu7 gu ileelbt/be

suspadtar el ngkka igb has sdfbsoltbquas 7 Xgumgurs ast/be quahas nrubts iîdfaux dgurlbakt hlks Fbppgka+ Gk dgktastlbt e'axld/

tbtuhahu prgdæs varnle

=

Zrgdueablkus% hbslbt/gk% k'lvlbt plshgkkâ e'grhra ak quastbgk% at ea prítra Ybdtgr k'lvlbt pls obs

<" Apbst+ 09% 43 <:6% 1% <8 at subv+ 3 <44% tuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <<% <6 at subv+3

<3 Dgktrl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% BB% <1% 413 Dgktrl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% BB% <1% 413 >:%>:%813 16% <4>3 BBB% 42% 813 Dgktrl 813 16% <4>3 Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 80% 1< 3 1>% 163 9:% 993 80% 1< 3 1>% 163 9:% 99 3 BY% <% < 3 4% 4 atZgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstob% <4/<8+ subv+ 3 @astl duo Aoarbtg% 2 3 Zgssbhbus%

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 1<% >= 24% 8% <>3 Ybtl Luùstbkb% <8‛<:1% >% 83 <:6% >% 1 at subv+3 <:6% 1% <8 4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 48% > at 1+

at subv+3 <48% 83 <42% </>3 Dgktrl Apbs/ 8" Bnbh+% 48% 8/1+ ‘ Di+ Apbst+ 41% <+



>66 tA HGKLXITOA

ak dlusa sgk âvíqua <

+ Zgur dgupar dgurt ê das rldgktlrs%Luùstbk sgeebdbtl uka kguvaeea akquíta% qub pgrtarlbt sur ea

røea mguâ ak datta liilbra plr Zrgdueablkus+ Be s'lhrassl ê Ausa/nbus% uk flut igkdtbgkklbra rgolbk% qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ eâ`lt

hu prgdgksue pgur el Kuobhba prgdgksuelbra+ Be eub ibt plrvakbrsl haolkha% h'lngrh plr uka hâeâ`ltbgk ha ibhæeas% pubs hlksuka eattra+ Be e'bkvbtlbt ê dgkvgquar e'âvíqua hgkltbsta h'Fbp/pgka% at ê ea sgooar ha s'axpebquar = gub gu kgk% Zrgdueablkuslvlbt/be lutgrbsâ ea prítra Ybdtgr ê ranlptbsar > 7 Ausanbusldduabeebt træs irgbhaoakt datta raquíta+ Dgooa naludgup ha

igkdtbgkklbras% be ka sa sgudblbt pls h'bktarvakbr hlks eas qua/raeeas raeb`bausas hu plys3 ha peus% be âtlbt lob ha Zrgdueablkus+Be râpgkhbt ê Luùstbk qu'be k'lvlbt pls ê prgkgkdar ha muà/oakt &muhbdbuo" aktra has âvíquas 4

+ Luùstbk râpebqul sur uktgk lssaz vbi% gò el olksuâtuha âpbsdgplea elbsslbt pardar ukasgurha brrbtltbgk-+ Be k'lvlbt pls sgeebdbtâ uk « muàoakt ³%

hbslbt/be 3 be lvlbt sbopeaoakt prbâ ea ol`bstrlt ha pgsar ukaquastbgk ê e'âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua% at ha trlksoattra ea prgdæs/varnle ha el dgoplrutbgk 1

+ Be prgibtlbt ha e'gddlsbgk pgurhâkgkdar ha kguvalux oâilbts has Hgkltbstas% kgtlooakte'bksgeakda h'uk prítra sdfbsoltbqua qub e'lvlbt pgursubvbh'bkmuras + Be prasslbt Ausanbus ha kgtbibar ê Zrgdueablkus datta

kguvaeea pelbkta lvad el quastbgk raeltbva lu prítra Ybdtgr% at

ha trlksoattra eas râpgksas <+ Be lmgutlbt qua% sb gk ka eub hgk/

klbt pls sltbsildtbgk% be pgrtarlbt eub/oíoa das ilbts ê el

dgkklbsslkda ha Zrgdueablkus plr eas vgbas muhbdblbras% plr ukldta h'lddusltbgk « dgksb`kâ sur eas ra`bstras punebds% da qu'gk

ka pguvlbt eub raiusar hlks uka dbtâ ha hrgbt rgolbk ³ 6+ ‘ Bdb

s'lrríta kgtra hgssbar+ Kgus ka slvgks sb Ausanbus sa hâdbhl ê

grhgkkar uka sadgkha akquíta% at rbak k'lutgrbsa ê suppgsarqu'Luùstbk lbt bktaktâ uk prgdæs ê Zrgdueablkus+ Ea hgssbar

sa dgopgslbt has pbædas subvlktas% hgkt haux sgkt aktbæraoaktdgksarvâas% at hgkt eas lutras sgkt dgkkuas plr has lkleysasgu has irlòakts = pelbkta h'Luùstbk lupræs has ol`bstrltsh'Bebppgka 3 prgdæs/varnle ha e'akquíta oukbdbplea <:

3 eattra

h'Luùstbk% raeltbva ê el sadgkha akquíta. 3 râpgksa h'Ausanbus%

U" Apbse+ 48% 8+ 6" « Flad beeb pariarrb bk kgtbtblo par

>" Bnbh+% 48%1+ ‘ Di+ Apbse+ 41 % B at 1+ dghbdas punebdgs iaddrg% qub obfbka`lrb% ue

4" Apbst+ 41% <+ lrnbtrar% bk rgolkl dbvbtlta ugk pgssukt ³

8" Apbse+ 41+ SBnbh+% 41% 4"+

1" enbh+% 41% U at 1+ 2" Apbst+ 48% 8+

9 Bnbh+% 41% >/8+ <:" enbh+% 48% 8/1+

0" bnbh++ 4=3% 1+ <<" Apbst+ 48+




kgtbiblkt ea raius hu igkdtbgkklbra' 3 sadgkha eattra h'Luùstbk%

dgktaklkt ha kguvaeeas pelbktas% at bksbstlkt pgur e'akquíta%lvad oaklda ha pgussar e'liilbra ak mustbda'+

Eas haux âvíquas h'Fbppgka sa ratrguværakt ak prâsakda%sapt lks peus tlrh% vars ea hânut ha 8:4% hlks uka lutraakquíta qub iut ogtbvâa plr uk lttaktlt hgkltbsta+ Qka nlkhaha Dbrdgkdaeebgks% gò ibùrlbakt has deards% s'âtlbt lnlttua akpeabk mgur sur el olbsgk h'uk prítra ha Ybdtgrblkl% kgooââstbtutus% qub lvlbt lnlkhgkkâ ea sdfbsoa pgur raktrar hlkse'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Gk s'aoplrl hu prítra% qu'gk aktrlëkl hlksuk ngur`-vgbsbk+ Eê% havlkt uka iguea ha durbaux qub rblbakt%

gu qub k'gslbakt bktarvakbr% gk oaurtrbt ea olefauraux ê dgupsha nîtgks% gk ea rguel hlks el ilkà h'uk olrlbs% h'gò gk ea

ratbrl pgur e'flnbeear h'uk nureasqua olktalu ha mgkd+ Hlks dat

lddgutraoakt% gk ea prgoakl ê trlvars eas dlopl`kas+ Gk kaea raeîdfl qu'lu ngut ha hguza mgurs% hlks el drlbkta ha el

pgebda 4+ Hæs qu'be lvlbt au dgkklbsslkda ha das ilbts% Luùstbk

lvlbt lhrassâ uka pelbkta lux ol`bstrlts h'Fbppgka+ Zrgdu/

eablkus iut olkhâ havlkt eas ol`bstrlts ak prâsakda ha sgkdgeeæùa dltfgebqua% qub ea sgool ha pukbr eas dguplneas&@astloukbdbplebl"+ Olbs be sa hârgnl% subvlkt sl dgutuoa% at

ka ibt oíoa pls h'akquíta+ Bkvbtâ uka sadgkha igbs ê dgopl/rlëtra havlkt eas ol`bstrlts% be sa dgktaktl ha hâdelrar qu'be kahbrlbt rbak+ E'liilbra k'aut pls h'lutra subta+ Ea hgssbar dgopra/klbt saueaoakt el pelbkta h'Luùstbk at eas haux prgdæs/var/nlux ha dgoplrutbgk 8

+

Eas akquítas guvartas sur el haolkha hasDltfgebquas ka

iurakt pls tgumgurs sb lkghbkas = ea peus sguvakt% aeeas iurakt

subvbas ha prgdæs dbvbes gu drbobkaes% qub sa tarobkærakt havlktea `guvarkaur ha el prgvbkda% plrigbs havlkt e'aoparaur+ Kgusdgkklbssgks tguta uka sârba h'ldtbgks muhbdblbras% qub iurakt

bktaktâas lux Hgkltbstas aktra 421 at 8<>+D'ast akdgra hlks ea hbgdæsa h'Fbppgka qua kgus rloæka ea

peus lkdbak has prgdæs ha datta pârbgha aktra Dltfgebquas at

sdfbsoltbquas+ Ak 421% hlks ea ngur` h'Flskl% gò râsbhlbt ukprítra dltfgebqua% uka trgupa ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks akvlfbt sgu/

<" Apbst+ 41% <+ hakhlo pgst aeblo kgk raspgkhauhg putl/

>" Apbst+ 41+ varbt% sltbs alhao @astl tastlktur ³ &Dgk/

4" Apbst+ 66% 93 <:1% >% 43 Dgktrl Brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 86% 14"+ ‘Di+ Apbst+

Drasdgkbuo%-eee% 86% 14+ 66% 9 = « Dgkvaktus oukbdbplebnus @astbs

8" « Fgd apbsdgpg vastrg Fbppgkaksb l kgstrg apbsdgpg Zrgdueablkus% duo ln

Zrgdueablkg bpsa suo quastus% @astbs slka bkqubrakhl dlusl hbssbouelssat at btaruo

oukbdbplebnus+++ \ubh raspgkharbt% quao/ dgktbkug dgkvaktus assat% kbfbe sa hbdturuo

lhoghuo ln bkqubrakhl dlusl hbssbouel/ lopebus @astbs axprassbi ³+

varbt kgstrloqua bktaktbgkao hgegsbus aeu/

BY <2



>2: EA HGKLXBTOA

hlbk el nlsbebqua% el slddlàl% at nrbsl e'lutae+ Qka pelbkta iut

hâpgsâa% at uk prgdæs s'ak`làl% slks hguta havlkt ea prgdgksue

h'Lirbqua gu sgk eâ`lt+ Luùstbk% akdgra prítra h'Fbppgka+âdrbvlbt legrs ê sgk lob Leypa% hâmê âvíqua ha Xfl`lsta = « Lungur` h'Flskl% gò ast prítra kgtra iræra Lràktbus% has Dbr/

dgkdaeebgks gkt akvlfb kgtra nlsbebqua at gkt nrbsâ e'lutae+ Eldlusa sa pelbha ak da ogoakt+ Kgus sguflbtgks qu'aeea sa

pgursubva pldbibquaoakt% dgooa be dgkvbakt ê e'Âèbsa dltfg/

ebqua% olbs ak râhubslkt lu sbeakda el raoulkta fârâsba = kgusvgus ak dgkmurgks% prbaz pgur kgus ³ '+ Kgus ka slvgks sb eas

prbæras ha Xfl`lsta gkt âtâ axludâas+

Yars ea oíoa taops% has Dltfgebquas ha el Kuobhba dgksu/elbra lttlquærakt ak mustbda ea ilrgudfa Gptltus% âvíqua ha

Xflou`lhb at dfai ha nlkhas% ebautaklkt ha @behgk at tyrlk ha

el dgktrâa+ Hapubs nbak has lkkâas% e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea haKuobhba% ole`râ el prgtadtbgk tfâgrbqua ha e'aoparaur at hasas làkts% traonelbt havlkt ea tarrbnea prâelt hgkltbsta% qub

« lvad sas igueas lroâas el parsâdutlbt druaeeaoakt at eub hgk/klbt e'lsslut ³

s+ Yars 421% has âvíquas dltfgebquas ha el râ`bgk

gsærakt rbpgstar = bes bktaktærakt uk prgdæs ê Gptltus havlkt ea

vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Tarlkus% at dfardfærakt l eub ilbra lppebquar

el egb ha 42> sur e'loakha has hbx ebvras h'gr 4+ Be ka saonea pls%

h'lbeeaurs% qu'Gptltus sa sgbt naludgup bkqubâtâ ha datta

oaklda% kb qua e'liilbra lbt âtâ pgussâa musqu'lu ngut+ E'lddusâ

sa `lrhl ha dgoplrlëtra% at el pgebda ka s'lvakturlbt ùæra legrs

hlks el râ`bgk gò râ`klbt e'lob ha ibbehgk+ Luùstbk eub/oíoak'lvlbt sur da prgdæs qua has raksab`kaoakts lssaz vlùas+ Be

ka dgkklbsslbt pls ea hgssbar=

« Lu sumat h'Gptltus% hbslbt/be% maka pubs ebra luduk hgduoakt âdrbt+++ Kgus k'lvgks pls ea

ogyak ha ea dgkvlbkdra 3 dlr be s'ast nbak `lrhâ ha sa rbsquar

ak mustbda ³ -+

Kgus sgooas naludgup obaux raksab`kâs sur eas prgdæs ha

Drbspbkus% e'âvíqua hbssbhakt ha Dlelol+ Gk slbt qua e'grb`bka

ha das prgdæs iut uk lttaktlt dgoobs% vars el ibk ha 8:4% dgktraZgssbhbus% e'âvíqua dltfgebqua ha datta vbeea+ Eas Hgkltbstas haDlelol âtlbakt legrs træs suraxdbtâs+ Drbspbkus% dgkvgquâ ê

<" Apbst+ >2% <>+ ào beelo ha hadao ebnrbs lurb ³ {bnbh+%

>" « Bpsl Addeasbl dltfgebdl% sgebhlel <<%64% <68"+ ‘ Tarluus iut suddassbvaoakt

prbkdbpbnus dltfgebdës boparlktbfus tarrl vbdlbra h'Lirbqua at prgdgksue+ Di+ B'leeu

olkqua% lroltbs eurnbsln Gptltg ltrgdbbar ha Eassart% Ilstas has prgvbkdas lirbdlb/at fgstbebtar gppu`kltl ast ³ SDgktrl ebtta/ kâs% t+ Be% p+ <<< at >BC+

rls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64% <68"+ 8" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% <>%

4" 5/ \ula ras dga`bt tuka prbog lhXar/ <13 <4% <t;+ ‘ Di+ BY% O% 10+

sus vgs leea`lrb lpuh vbdlrbuo Tarlkuo ea/




haux raprbsas havlkt eas ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux sur el raquítaha Zgssbhbus% vaklbt ha rapgussar bksgeaooakt eas prgpgsbtbgksha dgkiârakda qu'gk eub sguoattlbt ak vartu has hâdbsbgks huharkbar dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+ \uaequas mgurs lpræs ea raius hâib/

kbtbi% Zgssbhbus sa obt ak rguta pgur uka tgurkâa plstgrlea =

be dgoptlbt sa rakhra hlks ea Iukhus Ibùebkaksbs% uk `rlkhhgolbka ha sgk hbgdæsa% pgur y vbsbtar eas ibhæeas at tîdfar harloakar quaequas hbssbhakts+ Qka nlkha ha ilkltbquas aklroas eub takhbt uka aonusdlha = aeea lvlbt pgur dfai uk

prítra sdfbsoltbqua% qub s'lppaelbt Drbspbkus% dgooa sgkâvíqua% at qub âtlbt prgnlneaoakt ha el oíoa ilobeea+ Ea dgr/tæà âpbsdgple s'lvlkàlbt plbsbneaoakt% lu pls oasurâ hasnítas ha sgooa% qulkh tgut ê dgup% lu obebau hu dfaobk% sur/`bt el trgupa h'âkarùoækas+ Zgssbhbus put sa râiu`bar hlksuk hgolbka vgbsbk ha el rguta% ea Iukhus Ebvataksbs+ Olbs gke'y pgursubvbt+ Gk ibt ea sbæà ha el olbsgk% hgkt gk nlttbt eas

ours ê dgups ha pbarras+ L trgbs raprbsas% gk y obt ea iau =

e'âvíqua aót âtâ nróeâ vbi% slks e'bktarvaktbgk has dgegks huhgolbka% qub âtab`kbrakt e'bkdakhba hlks el drlbkta ha ea vgbr saprgplàr% at lussb hlks el drlbkta ha plyar pgur eas drboash'lutrub+ Akibk% el pgrta dâhl% sgus el pgussâa has lsslbeelkts%

qub akvlfbrakt lussbtøt ea raz/ha/dflussâa% pbeelkt ea nl`làâpbsdgple% ngusduelkt tgut% neasslkt musqu'lux nítas hlkse'âdurba+ E'lvlkt/`lrha s'âtlbt prâdbpbtâa hlks e'asdlebar+ Le'âtlà supârbaur% gk hâdguvrbt ea pluvra âvíqua% qu'gk ibt

hasdakhra nrutleaoakt% lu obebau has bkmuras at has dgups+

Zgssbhbus ka sarlbt pls sgrtb vbvlkt has olbks ha das igrdakâs%sb% ê da ogoakt% ea prítra hgkltbsta ka s'âtlbt hâdbhâ ê hgkkarea sb`kle ha el ratrlbta = ê el vua has dgegks ha peus ak peuskgonraux qub lssbstlbakt lu hrloa% at qub k'âtlbakt pls tgusha sgk Âèbsa% be rahgutl eas dgksâquakdas h'uk oaurtra dgoobshavlkt tlkt ha tâogbks <

++

H'gò das egk`s prgdæs% qub dgooakdærakt vars el ibk ha 8:4%at qub sa tarobkærakt saueaoakt hlks ea dgurlkt ha e'lkkâa sub/

vlkta+ L pabka ha ratgur ê Dlelol% Zgssbhbus hâpgsl ukapelbkta = havlkt eas ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux% be sgool e'âvíquaDrbspbkus ha hâslvguar sgk prítra at ha ea pukbr ak ea hâ`rl/hlkt+ Ea Hgkltbsta raiusl h'bktarvakbr+ Legrs% ea haitksgrAddeasbla ha Dlelol aktrl ak sdæka = be pgursubvbt e'âvíquasdfbsoltbqua havlkt ea trbnukle prgdgksuelbra% ak haolkhlkte'lppebdltbgk ha el dâeænra egb ha Xfâghgsa dgktra eas deards fârâ/

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:1% >% 83 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BBB% 89% 1:+






sbar ha e'lppae ê e'aoparaur havlbt rakiaroar dbkq pbædas = ea

rlppgrt hu prgdgksue &ra lt g" 3 e'lppae ha Drbspbkus &lppaeel/

tbg3

prgvgdltbg"3 ea praobar rasdrbt h'Fgkgrbus &rasdrbpebto3

prladapeuo" 3 el raquíta ha Zgssbhbus% h'Luùstbk at lutrasâvíquas dltfgebquas &bktardassbg" 3 ea sadgkh rasdrbt bopârble%

lddgrhlkt el raobsa has loakhas &rasdrbptuo3 bkhleàltbly

+

Ak tgut% uka vbk`tlbka ha pbædas lu ogbks = gk vgbt qua ea ilkl/tbsoa títu has Hgkltbstas akrbdfbsslbt ê e'gddlsbgk el ebttârltura

muhbdblbra+

Xlkhbs qua Drbspbkus oluhbsslbt sas muàs% h'lutras prgdæssuraxdbtlbakt e'gpbkbgk punebqua% at hâdflëklbakt ha kguvaluxlttaktlts+ Hlks ea dgurlkt ha e'lkkâa 8:8% peusbaurs dgoou/klutâs dltfgebquas ravakhbquærakt ak mustbda el pgssassbgkh'booauneas hâtakus plr eas dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas+ Zlraxaopea% uk dartlbk Tarvus% âvíqua ha Xfunursbduo Nura&Xangursguc"% bktaktl uka ldtbgk muhbdblbra havlkt ea trbnukle

hu prgdgksue% ak rastbtutbgk h'uk tarrlbk & gdus"-+ Eas prgdu/

raurs has haux plrtbas &prgdurltgras" âtuhblbakt eaurs hgssbarsak lttakhlkt ea mgur ha e'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra% qulkh has

ilkltbquas asslyærakt ha râèar e'liilbra plr uka prgdâhura peus

axpâhbtbva+ Lttlquâ hlks el vbeea oíoa at pgursubvb plr ukanlkha ha Hgkltbstas ak lroas% Tarvus ka s'âdflppl qu'ê `rlkh'pabka+ Tgk pæra% uk vbaux prítra igrt fgkgrlnea% iut rguâ hadgups% at ogurut pau ha mgurs lpræs+ Gk ka slbt da qu'be lhvbkthu prgdæs 3 olbs Tarvus plrtbt lussbtøt pgur ^goa% gò be pgrtleub/oíoa sl pelbkta 4

+

Be y rakdgktrl ha kgonraux dgeeæùas lirbdlbks% vakus pgurhas rlbsgks lklegùas = plrob aux% uk ravaklkt% e'âvíqua

Olxboblkus ha Nl`lç+ Da Olxboblkus% dfai ha el patbta dgo/ouklutâ dltfgebqua hlks uka has dlpbtleas hu Hgkltbsoa% lvlbt

au e'bopruhakda h'lttlquar sas lhvarslbras ak mustbda = be râdel/

olbt el rastbtutbgk h'uka nlsbebqua rurlea% sbtuâa hlks ea IukhusDlevblkaksbs+ E'liilbra iut pgrtâa havlkt el murbhbdtbgk grhbklbra&lpuh grhbklrbuo muhbdao" % slks hguta havlkt ea `guvarkaur ha

Kuobhba+ E'âvíqua dltfgebqua aut `lbk ha dlusa = ak vartu hael saktakda hu muà &muhbdblrbl sakeaktbl"% be aktrl ak pgssas/

sbgk ha el nlsbebqua-+ D'ast hlks datta oíoa âèbsa qu'be iut

<" Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <83 Lu/ axloak+++ ³ &Luùstbu% Dgktrl Drasdg/ùsebk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%89% 1:3 7bbuo% <<<%84% 80"+

80% 1<3 Apbse+ 66% 03 <:1% >% 8+ 4" Bnbh+% BBB% 84% 80+

>" « Apbsdgpus dltfgebdus l Xfunursb/ 8" « Olxboblkus apbsdgpus dltfgebdus

duo Nura% Tarvus kgobka% duo bkvlsuo l Nl`lbaksbs% hbdtl bktar plrtas muhbdblrbl

vastrbs egduo rapatarat at utrbusqua plrtbs saktaktbl% nlsbebdlo iukhb Dlevblkaksbs avb/

prgdurltgras prgdgksuelra prlastgelraktur darlt% qulo vastrb beebdbta lebqulkhg usur/



>28 EA HGKLXBTOA

irlppâ plr el vakàlkda hgkltbsta+ Qk mgur qu'be s'y trguvlbt%

be vbt sa ruar vars eas pgrtas uka trgupa ha iurbaux+ Be k'aut quaea taops ha sa dldfar sgus e'lutae ha ngbs+ Gk e'y hâdguvrbt nbak/

tøt% at Xgk nrbsl sur sgk hgs eas pelkdfas ha e'lutae+ Gk ldfavlha e'lssgooar lvad has nîtgks at has lroas ha tgut àkra+ Be

raàut oíoa uk dgup ha pgb`klrh hlks e'lëka+ Faurausaoakt%tlkhbs qu'gk ea trlëklbt sur ea sge% el pgussbæra lrrítl ea slk`qub dguelbt ha el neassura+ Akibk% eas lsslssbks sa ratbrærakt% ea

elbsslkt pgur ogrt+ Eas Dltfgebquas s'aoprassærakt legrs lutgurha eaur âvíqua = bes e'aopgrtlbakt ak dflktlkt has psluoas%

qulkh eas Hgkltbstas ravbkrakt% sa ibrakt pelda ê dgups hanîtgks% at lrrldfærakt ea dgrps lux olbks has pgrtaurs+ Drgylkttgumgurs e'âvíqua ogrt% eas oaurtrbars ea fbssærakt ak fluth'uka tgur% h'gò bes ea prâdbpbtærakt hlks uk igssâ raopebh'boogkhbdas+ Ea ogrbngkh tgonl sur uk sge ogu% gò be rastlegk`taops slks dgkklbsslkda+ El kubt subvlkta% uk plsslkt has/dakhbt plr flslrh hlks ea igssâ+ Drgylkt y lpardavgbr ukdlhlvra% be lppael sl iaooa% qub âtlbt præs ha eê% taklkt uka

elktarka+ Tgus el euobæra% tgus haux radgkkurakt e'âvíqua% qubraspbrlbt akdgra = plr dflrbtâ% uk pau lussb% kgus hbt/gk% hlkse'aspgbr h'uka râdgopaksa% eas pluvras àks sgueaværakt ea dgrpsat ea trlkspgrtærakt hlks eaur olbsgk+ L Nl`lç% hlks tgutae'Lirbqua% musqu'ê ^goa% dgurut ea nrubt ha el ogrt ha Olxboml/kus3 el kguvaeea ha da oaurtra dlusl plrtgut uka vbva bkhb`kl/tbgk+ Dgktra tguta vrlbsaonelkda% lpræs uka træs egkùa dgkvl/easdakda% Olxboblkus ùârbt+ Qk mgur% ê ^goa% gk vbt lrrbvarea hâiukt+ Be vaklbt pgrtar pelbkta havlkt e'aoparaur eub/oíoa <

+

Be rldgktlbt vgegktbars sgk lvaktura% at ogktrlbt eas pbædas ê

e'lppub = sas « kgonrausas% âkgroas% fgrrbneas dbdltrbdas ³ s+

Lvad Olxboblkus ha Nl`lç at Tarvus ha Xfunursbduo Nura%nbak h'lutras âvíquas lirbdlbks sa trguvlbakt legrs ê ^goa =

tgus vbdtboas has vbgeakdas sdfbsoltbquas% tgus dflssâs ha eaurs

sbæàs gu axbeâs peus gu ogbks vgegktlbras% at k'gslkt peus rak/

trar hlks eaurs hbgdæsas+ Xgus lvlbakt hâpgsâ has pelbktas &prg/

tastltbgkds% quaraela"% sgbt lupræs has lutgrbtâs oukbdbpleas ha

eaur plys% sgbt lupræs hu `guvarkaur ha el prgvbkda% sgbt havlkte'aoparaur = « Eas prgtastltbgks has køtras% hbt Luùstbk lux

plvarlkt ³ &Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB+ 84% >" « Dbdltrbdbnus subs elbk ouetbs% tlo80"+ W di+ Apbst+ <61% 0% >0 = d+ Lpuh bk`rktbnus% tlo radaktbnus% hgh irustrl il/

grhbklrbutk muhbdao% hbdtl bktar plrtas sak/ oukb ogrtuuo sa uuktblssa tkgkstrlvbt ³

taktbl% gnebkuarlt nlsbebalo qulo beeb% duo &Apbst+ <61% 0% >0"+ ‘ « Dbdltrbdas âpbs/

dltfgebdl assat% bkvlsarlkt ³+ dgpb dltfgebdb Nl`lbtlkb fgrrakhla ld radau/

<" Apbst+ 46% 03 <61% 0% >9/>63 Dgktrl tbssbola Boparltgrarl rokogvarlkt ³

Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 80+ &Apbst+ 66% 0"+




Hgkltbstas% eas pelbktas sur eas vbgeakdas iurbausas has vøtras%gkt raopeb eas lrdfbvas punebquas ³'+ << ka saonea pls quatgutas das pelbktas bkhbvbhuaeeas% hâpgsâas hlks ea dgurlkt hae'lkkâa 8:8% kb eas prgtastltbgks dgeeadtbvas kgtbibâas hlks eas

eattras sykghleas hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% lbakt hgkkâ ebau ê havârbtlneas ldtbgks muhbdblbras = el râpgksa hu `guvarkaoakt iuteahbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1 >

+

H'lbeeaurs% lpræs dat âhbt h'ukbgk% ak hâpbt ha el parsâdutbgk%eas hbssbhakts dgktbkuærakt eaurs axpegbts = eas âvgquas dltfg/ebquas hurakt pelbhar ha kguvalu+ Yars el ibk ha e'lkkâa 8:6%naludgup ha sdfbsoltbquas% lrrítâs ê el subta h'lttaktlts% âtlbakthâtakus hlks eas prbsgks ha Dlrtflà+ Zeusbaurs prgdæs raeltbis

lux quaraeeas has haux Âèbsas &dllsla addeasblstbdla" vaklbaktha sa hârguear havlkt ea trbnukle hu prgdgksue Hgkltus% qublvlbt prghbùâ el pabka dlpbtlea+ Gk s'lttakhlbt ê ha kguvaeeasaxâdutbgks% qua saonelbakt lkkgkdar akdgra has egbs træs

sâværas prgoueùâas dgup sur dgup at uk âhbt kgk ogbks rb`gu/

raux hu prgdgksue+ D'ast legrs qu'Luùstbk âdrbvbt ê sgk lobHgkltus pgur eub prídfar el oghârltbgk at ea suppebar ha kapeus dgkhlokar parsgkka ê ogrt+ Be eub haolkhlbt lussb ha ildb/

ebtar lu dgurs oíoa ha das prgdæs el prgpl`lkha dltfgebqua% hae'lbhar ê `l`kar has îoas musqua hlks eas prbsgks% h'lutgrbsareas lvgdlts ê bkstrubra eas prâvakus% havlkt ea trbnukle hu prg/dgksue gu havlkt eas ol`bstrlts ha rlk` bkiârbaur &obkgras

muhbdas"% plr has dgktrgvarsas sur ea sdfbsoa hgkt gk hrassarlbtea prgdæs/varnle &lpkh Ldtl" 4

+

Gk kaslbt sb

Hgkltus ibt ngkldduabe ê datta bhâa grb`bklea% qub havlbt trlksigroar e'luhbakdamuhbdblbra ak dgkiârakda at ea pelbhgyar ak sarogk+

Ea harkbar has prgdæs dgkkus ha datta pârbgha% aktra Dltfg/ebquas at Hgkltbstas% aut uk `rlkh rataktbssaoakt+ Be hurl haegk`s ogbs% hapubs e'lutgoka ha 8<< musqu'lu prbktaops ha8<> '+ Lpræs e'âdfad ha eaur plrtb ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà%

<" « Xøt prgtastltbgkas kgstrgruo ha iu/

rbgsbssbobs vastrgruo vbgeaktbbs lrdfbvl pu/nebdl dbtbus bopeavarukt+++ ³ &Dgktrl Dras/dgkbuo% Qe% 81% 82"+‘ Di+ Apbst+ <61% 0%

>9+

>" Apbst+ 66% 0 3 <61% 0% >9/>6 3 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% 84% 803 88% 863 81% 82+

4" Apbst+ <::% >+

8" Apbst+ <44/<48 at <42+ ‘ El hlta hada prgdæs paut ítra hâtarobkâa lpprgxb/oltbvaoakt+ Lprbk`bus% ê qub ast lhrassâael eattra <48% iut prgdgksue h'Lirbqua ak8<< 3 be âtlbt hâmê raopeldâ ea >6 iâvrbar

8<> &Dgh+ Xfagh+% YB% >2% 23 YBBB% 8% >43

VB% <% 4>3 0% <2/>< 3 VBB% 9% 4<+ ‘ Di+

Zleeu ha Eassart% Ilstas has prgvbkdaslirbdlbkas% t+ BB% p+ <>1"+ El eattra <42%gò Luùstbk dbta plrob sas guvrlàs ea7

peus râdakts ea Nravbdueus Dgeeltbgkbs at

ea ebvra Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeltbgkao&di+ Apbst+ <42% 4"% ast klturaeeaoakt pgs/târbaura% at ha peusbaurs ogbs% ê el Dgkiâ/rakda ha Dlrtflà &mubk 8<<"+ H'lutra plrt%

aeea ast lktârbaura lu >6 iâvrbar 8<>3 dlrLprbk`bus âtlbt akdgra prgdgksue lu og/oakt gò aeea iut âdrbta &bnbh+% <42% >"+ Ak/ibk% aeIa l subvb eas eattras <44 at <48%

qu'aeea suppgsa% at qua h'lbeeaurs aeea oak/



>2ib EA HGKLXBTOA

sgus ea dgup has âhbts at has egbs ha prgsdrbptbgk qub subvbrakt%

eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks at eas deards qub eas dgoolkhlbakt lvlbaktrahguneâ ha iuraur at h'luhlda hlks el râ`bgk h'Fbppgka+ Bes

s'ak prbrakt surtgut ê daux has eaurs qub s'âtlbakt rleebâs+ Bes

akeaværakt ha sl olbsgk at outbeærakt ea prítra Bkkgdaktbus% qub

aut uk hgb`t dgupâ at uk Ŕbe lrrldfâ+ Bes tuærakt ea prítra âs/tbtutus% prgnlneaoakt da âstbtutus ha Ybdtgrblkl qub lvlbt âtâ

hâmê igrt oletrlbtâ ak 8:4 ,+ Luùstbk hâpgsl uka pelbkta% at

e'liilbra subvbt sgk dgurs-+

Aeea iut pgrtâa sbouetlkâoakt havlkt ea prgdgksue Lprbk`busat havlkt sgk iræra Olrdaeebkus% ea dgoobsslbra bopârble% qub%

lpræs el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% âtlbt rastâ ak Lirbqua pgur ysurvabeear e'axâdutbgk has egbs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Lkgroleaat surpraklkta ak aeea/oíoa% datta hulebtâ ha murbhbdtbgk s'ax/

pebqua plr uka sgrta ha hâiblkda hu `guvarkaoakt daktrle% qub%

sa sguvaklkt has âdfads lktârbaurs% lvlbt dflr`â uk dgoobs/slbra spâdble ha dgktrøear gu ha stbouear ea zæea has `guvarkaurslirbdlbks+ Hu tâogb`klà h'Luùstbk% be plrlët râsuetar qua

Olrdaeebkus bktarvbkt saueaoakt hlks e'bkstrudtbgk ha e'liilbra%

at qu' Lprbk`bus saue aut ê prgkgkdar el saktakda'+ \ugb qu'be

ak sgbt% lpræs e'akquíta egdlea% eas ol`bstrlts h'Fbppgkaakvgyærakt eaur rlppgrt lu dgoobsslbra at lu prgdgksue-+ Olr/daeebkus prgdâhl ê uk praobar bktarrg`ltgbra = eas varàs lbhlkt%eas prâvakus lvguærakt eaurs drboas 1

+ D'ast ê da ogoakt qua ea

dgoobsslbra hut trlksoattra ea hgssbar lu prgdgksue+ Lprbk`busplsslbt pgur ítra bkaxgrlnea% at e'gk s'lttakhlbt ê uka saktakda

dlpbtlea+ Luùstbk âdrbvbt ea oíoa mgur lux haux iræras pgureaur radgoolkhar e'bkhueàkda% hlks e'bktârít oíoa ha

tbgkka% dgooa lssaz râdaktas Sbnbh+% <42%

>"+ Ak dgksâquakda% el eattra <42 sa pelda

ak mlkvbar gu iâvrbar 8<>3 eas eattras <44

at <48% âdrbtas ea oíoa mgur% ê el ibk ha

8<<+ Ea prgdæs has Dbrdgkdaeebgks h'Fbp/pgka% dgooakdâ hlks e'lutgoka ha 8<<% l

hurâ musqua vars el ibk ha e'fbvar ha 8<>+

<" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <44% <3 <48% >+ ‘Tur e'lttaktlt lktârbaur dgktra âstbtutus%

di+ Apbst+ 66% 93 <:1% >% 4 3 Dgktrl Dras/

dgkbuo% BBB% 86% 14+

>" Apbst+ <44% < 3 <48% </>+

4" Luùstbk âdrbt ê Olrdaeebkus = « Trbg

qubhao dlusls addeasblsebdls Axdaeeaktbla

eula pgtbssbouo bkmukdtls 3 sah% qubl dra/

hg bselo durlo lh vbruo delrbssbouoltqud spadtlnbeao prgdgksueao paFbkara%lh auo qugqua ebttarls hahb ;³ {Apbst+ <44%

4"+ Ea oøoa mgur% Luùstbk âdrbt lu prg/dgksue Lprbk`bus = « Flad duo dgoparbs/sao beegs iubssa dgkiassgs bhagqua obkboahunbtlrao sun murl tula sadurbs assavakeurgs% fls lh tulo Kgnbebtltao ebetarls

lddaearlvb+++ Tah ka vae bpsb% vae beeb qug/ruo fgobdbhbuo pltaildtuo ast% par tula

pgtaselebs saktabbtblo ouetdktur ³ &Apbst+<48% >"+ E'liilbra havlbt ítra mu`âa plr ea

prgdgksue% pubsqu'be s'l`bsslbt h'uk prgdæsdlpbtle = olbs be ast pgssbnea qua Olrdaeeb/kus lbt sbâ`â lu trbnukle dgooa lssassaurhu prgdgksue+ T'lhrasslke peus tlrh ê Olr/daeebkus% Luùstbk eub hbt = « Tb Zrgdgksuevae sbou long bk beegs astbs saktaktbloprgelturb+++ ³ &Apbst+ <42% >"+

8" Apbse+ <44% < 3 <48% >+

1" Apbse+ <44% </> 3 <48% >3 <42% <+





>26 EA HGKLXBTOA

has praobæras pbædas sur ea punebd ka iót `îtâ plr el harkbæra%

sb% plr uka saktakda trgp rb`gurausa% gk trlksigrolbt eas oaur/trbars ak olrtyrs+ Be âdrbvlbt lu prgdgksue = « Gk havrl ebra das

@astl pgur ùârbr eas îoas aopgbsgkkâas plr has hbsdgurs

parkbdbaux+ Yaux/tu hgkd qua% hlks kgtra eadtura% kgus drlb/

`kbgks h'lrrbvar ê el ibk has @astl% sb aeea hgbt dgktakbr el

oaktbgk hu suppebda slkèlkt has dguplneas 7'³+ Luùstbks'bktârasslbt surtgut lu prgdæs/varnle ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra

havlkt Olrdaeebkus% ê el plrtba ha da prgdæs/varnle gò âtlbakt

dgksb`kâs eas lvaux has prâvakus+Be

ak`làlbtea

dgoobs/slbra bopârble ê ilbra lussbtøt liibdfar da hgduoakt ê Dlr/

tbelà% sgbt hlks el Xfagprapbl% e'lkdbakka dltfâhrlea hgkltbsta%

sgbt hlks quaequa lutra akhrgbt træs irâquaktâ = « Xgk Axdae/

eakda o'âdrbt qua tu ta haolkhas sb tu hgbs ilbra liibdfar das

@astl hlks el Xfagprapbl = gub% sb e'âèbsa ast lddassbnea ê ukaiguea kgonrausa+ Lutraoakt% obaux vlut dfardfar uk lutra

akhrgbt peus irâquaktâ+ Ak tgut dls% e'liibdflà s'bopgsa ³ >+

E'âvíqua h'Fbppgka prasslbt Olrdaeebkus ha eub akvgyar /ea peus

tøt pgssbnea uka dgpba ha da prgdæs/varnle% qu'be lvlbt fîta haebra ê sas ibhæeas = « M'lttakhs lvad bopltbakda eas @astl quao'l prgobs tgk Axdaeeakda+ Ma hâsbra eas ilbra ebra lussbtøt hlkse'âèbsa h'Fbppgka% at% s'be sa paut% hlks tgutas eas âèbsas huhbgdæsa+ Ha datta ilàgk% ea punebd aktakhrl el vgbx has dgu/plneas 3 be lpprakhrl ê dgkklëtra peabkaoakt das fgooas qub

gkt dgkiassâ eaur bkbqubtâ% kgk plr drlbkta ha Hbau% sgus ea dguphu raogrhs% olbs `rîda lu zæea h'uk muà qub l su guvrbr ea

dŔur akhurdb has sdâeârlts ³ U Hlks sgk lrhaur ha prgpl`lkha%Luùstbk leelbt musqu'ê sguflbtar h'lutras liilbras lklegùas qub

igurkbrlbakt h'lussb âegquakts prgdæs/varnlux = « Hbau vaubeea

qua has dlusas ha da àkra sgbakt irâquaooakt mu`âas plrtgb , qua eas drboas has Hgkltbstasat eaur sgt aktítaoakt sgbakt

sguvakt râvâeâs ha oíoa, \ua has @astl saonelneas pubssaktítra â`leaoakt punebâs at pgrtâs ê el dgkklbsslkda ha tgus , ³ UGk slbsbt bdb sur ea vbi e'bopgrtlkda has pbædas muhbdblbras hlksel quaraeea has haux plrtbs = das bktarrg`ltgbras% gò has deards

hgkltbstas lvlbakt dgkiassa eaurs igrilbts% âtlbakt has lroastarrbneas aktra eas olbks ha eaurs lhvarslbras+

Xgutas eas ldtbgks muhbdblbras hgkt kgus lvgks plreâ musqu'bdb

vbslbakt eas Hgkltbstas prgpraoakt hbts% eas Zrboblkbstas+ Hlks

<" Apbst+ <48% b+ sbd luhbls% at ilrbkarl agruo ltqua bkslkl

>" Apbst+ <42% <+ partbkldbl ;b; slgpa prghltur% dlhaoqua4" Bnbh+% <42% <+ punebdltl @astl bu gokbuo kgebtblo paria/

8" « Qtbbblbk elbas agruo dlusls dranrls rlktur , ³ SApbst+ <42% <"+




uka lutra sârba ha prgdæs% da sgkt das oíoas Zrboblkbstas qubpgursubvakt ak mustbda eaurs prgpras sdfbsoltbquas% Olxbobl/kus at sas plrtbslks+ Hâiakhaurs dgktra eas Dltfgebquas% bes

sgkt haolkhaurs dgktra eas Olxboblkbstas+ H'lbeeaurs% ukasauea dfgsa ast dflk`âa = el parsgkklebtâ has pelbhaurs+ Zlr ukratgur brgkbqua ha igrtuka% das prgdæs aktra sdfbsoltbquasrassaoneakt trlbt pgur trlbt lux prgdæs dbvbes qua eaur bktak/tlbakt eas Dltfgebquas+ Oøoas ravakhbdltbgks = el rastbtutbgk hasnlsbebquas at lutras booauneas+ Oíoa murbhbdtbgk at oíoaprgdâhura = e'liilbra ast pgrtâa havlkt eas trbnuklux dbvbes%

h'lngrh havlkt eas ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux% pubs havlkt ea

`guvarkaur ha el prgvbkda+ Oíoas ogyaks ha dgardbtbgk =

pgur lssurar e'axâdutbgk hu muàoakt% gk ilbt lppae ê el

igrda punebqua% ê el pgebda% lux obebdas has dbtâs+ Da qu'be

y l h'axtrlgrhbklbra% d'ast qua das sdfbsoltbquas lvârâs% dgk/kus at trlquâs plr ea `guvarkaoakt% sa prâsaktlbakt ak mus/

tbda ak tlkt qua Dltfgebquas% at% dgooa taes% `l`klbakt eaur

dlusa+ Bes bkvgqulbakt eas dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas dgktra easfârâtbquas = bes sa ilbslbakt rakhra eas nlsbebquas ak vartu hasegbs qub eaur bktarhbslbakt ê aux/oíoas ha pgssâhar <

+ Gk kapaut suppgsar qua eas `guvarkaurs lbakt prbs lu sârbaux datta

prâtaktbgk plrlhgxlea% kb qu'bes lbakt âtâ tgumgurs dgopebdas =

olbs eas Hgkltbstas% hapubs Muebak% gdduplbakt naludgup hanlsbebquas qu'gk k'lvlbt pls gsâ gu vgueu eaur akeavar% at eas

muàs dgksbhârærakt slks hguta qu'be y lvlbt prasdrbptbgk% quapgssassbgk vlelbt tbtra+ Ea ilbt dartlbk% d'ast qua eas Zrbobl/kbstas aurakt `lbk ha dlusa+

Das prgdæs aktra sdfbsoltbquas gkt âtâ igrt kgonraux at gktplssbgkkâ ea punebd lirbdlbk+ Gutra Olxboblkus% dfai ha el

kguvaeea Âèbsa% eas Zrboblkbstas trlhubsbrakt ak mustbda eas

hguza âvíquas qub e'lvlbakt grhgkkâ% at prgnlneaoakt tgus eas

lutras âvíquas hu oíoa plrtb qub raiuslbakt ha rakhra eas

booauneas ha e'lkdbakka dgoouklutâ hgkltbsta+ Dgktra dar/

tlbks ha eaurs lhvarslbras% eas Zrboblkbstas ak`l`ærakt peusbaurs

ldtbgks suddassbvas% vbslkt paut/ítra has nbaks hbvars gu hasegdlebtâs hbvarsas h'uk oíoa hbgdæsa+ Be y aut sóraoakt hasprgdæs ak Nyzldæka% gò âtlbt ea daktra hu Olxboblkbsoa% at

quaequas/uks ak Kuobhba+ Olbs tgus daux qua kgus dgkklbs/sgks lvad quaequa hâtlbe lpplrtbakkakt ê el Zrgdgksuelbra+ Bes

gkt hurâ peusbaurs lkkâas = ea praobar dgooakàl vars el ibk ha42>% ea harkbar ka sa tarobkl qu'ak 420+ Gk kgus hbt qua das

U" Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 10% <1 3 Dgktrl ebtEarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 16% <4>+



4:: EA HGKL+XBTOA

liilbras iurakt pelbhâas suddassbvaoakt havlkt uk eâ`lt ha

Dlrtbelà at lu ogbks qultra prgdgksues<

+ Ha das egkùasdgktastltbgks sgrtbrakt ha `rgs hgssbars% qub gkt âtâ sguvaktleeâùâs% dbtâs% lkleysâs hlks eas pgeâobquas hu /taops% at hgktkgus pgssâhgks nbak has irlòakts+ Dgooa hlks eas prgdæsbktaktâs plr eas Dltfgebquas% gk y hbstbkùa `âkârleaoakthaux dltâ`grbas ha pbædas = eas prgdæs/varnlux ha e'akquítaoukbdbplea at haeê slbsba &@astl oukbdbplebly 3 ea hgssbar huprgdæs prgpraoakt hbt gu has prgdæs suddassbis havlkt ea prg/dgksue &@astl prgdgksuelrbl" 4

+ Kgus lvgks has raksab`kaoaktslssaz prâdbs sur eas ldtbgks muhbdblbras bktaktâas plr eas Zrbobl/kbstas dgktra qultra âvíquas olxboblkbstas = Olxboblkus haDlrtflà% Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl% Iaebdblkus ha Oustb% Zrlatax/tltus h'Lssurls+

D'ast klturaeeaoakt ea dfai has hbssbhakts qua e'gk vbsl tguth'lngrh+ Zrboblkus sa obt ak dlopl`ka hæs el ibk ha 42>%lussbtøt lpræs ea praobar dgkdbea qua sas lhvarslbras lvlbakttaku ê Dlrtflà% nbak lvlkt eaur dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl qub

dgksldrl el ruptura hâibkbtbva &>8 mubk 424"'+ Be ravakhbqul el

olbsgk qu'gdduplbt Olxboblkus+ El quastbgk ha hrgbt ast lssazgnsdura+ Tubvlkt Olxboblkus% dat booaunea âtlbt sl prgprbâtâparsgkkaeea+ Tubvlkt Zrboblkus% be lpplrtaklbt ê el dgoou/klutâ hgkltbsta% at havlbt eub ravakbr ak rlbsgk hu sdfbsoa+Zaut/ítra el olbsgk lvlbt/aeea âtâ hgkkâa gu eâùâa ê Olxb/oblkus lu taops gò be âtlbt hbldra prboblkbsta% at ak datta

qulebtâ = da qub axpebquarlbt ea oleaktakhu+ Ak tgut dls% Zrb/

oblkus liibrolbt eas hrgbts ha sgk Aèbsa% at hâdelrlbt lvgbrnasgbk hu nîtboakt pgur eas axgrdbsoas 4

+ Be hgkkl prgdurltbgk

<" « Kgkka oaebus% gnsadrg ta% dluslvarbtltbs at ukbtltbs pldbiblbs varnbs at pldl/

tbgrbnus egdbs bktar apbsdgpgs làratur%

qulo bk igrg ln apbsdgpbs par lhvgdltgs

ebtb`lratur7 \ugh l plrtbnus Zrboblkb Dlr/tfl`bkaksbs apbsdgpb vastrb lhvarsus Olxb •

oblkukb% at lhvarsus ags qub auo beeg Cl/`lbaksb dgkdbebg hlokltb sukt% lpuh ea`l/

tuo Dlrtfl`bkbs at lpuh qultugr vae

lopebus prgdgksueas ildeuo ast ³ &Dgk/trl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 4% 4"+ ‘ « eeeb hug/hadbo duo Olxboblkg hlokltb lpuh <ras

lut lopebus prgdgksueas lddusltb sukt% ut

a sahbnus subs muhbdblrbg vb`gra paeearak/

tur ³ {Apbst+ <:6% >% 1"+ ‘ « Olxboblkbs/

tls% qugs lpuh <ras vae ag lopebus prg/dgksueas parsadutb sukt ³ &Nrdvbd+ Dgeeît+%

BBB% <<% >>"+

>" Apbst+ 09%43 <:6% 1% <8 at subv+ 3

Dgktrl ebtearls Zaebeblkb% BB% <1% 413 >:%813 16% <4>3 BBB% 42% 813 Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BBB% 1>% 163 19% 9>3 9:% 99+

4" Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

<<%<63 <<% 4% 0 3 BBB% 9% >2 3 Dgktrl ebt/

earls Zaebeblkb% BB% <1% 41 3 >:% 81 3 16%<=<> 3 BBB% 42% 813 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%<<<%1>% 163 19% 9>3 9:% 99= BY% <% < 3 4%

43 80%103 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <<% >>3@astl duo Aoarbeg% 23 Apbst+ 1<% >30:% >3 09% 4/83 <:6% >% 13 <:6% 1% <8 atsubv+ 3 Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 10% <1+

8" El eattra sykghlea hu dgkdbea ha Dl/nlrsussl ilbt leeusbgk lu praobar prgdæsbktaktâ plr Zrboblkus ê Olxboblkus =

« \ugh &Zrboblkus" egdl oueel vb prbog%hafbkd ludegrbtlta muhbdblrbl% usurplva/rbt ³ &Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >:"+

1" « @as5l%qubnus gstakhlo hgk_uo%qulkb



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT 4:<

ê uk lvgdlt <+ E'liilbra iut pgrtâa havlkt ea eâ`lt ha Dlrtflà%

ebautaklkt hu prgdgksue >+ El ilvaur lbhlkt% kgus hbt/gk% Zrb/

oblkus `l`kl sl dlusa3 be ebt slbsbr el olbsgk% h'gò e'gk axpuesl

Olxboblkus 4+ Zeusbaurs pbædas hu hgssbar &@astl" kgus sgkt

dgkkuas = el prgdurltbgk ha Zrboblkus {prgdurltbgy 3 ea prgdæs/

varnle has hânlts% gò ea hâiakhaur lvlbt leeâùâ at ilbt bksârar

el eattra sykghlea {trldtltgrbl" hu râdakt dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàqub lvlbt dgkhlokâ sgk lhvarslbra '3 akibk% ea prgdæs/varnle ha

slbsba% qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ râhb`â ak prâsakda hu eâ`lt

eub/oíoa9

+

Haux lks peus tlrh% kguvalu prgdæs dgktra Olxboblkus% hgktea dgkdbea ha Nl`lç vaklbt ha prgkgkdar el hâpgsbtbgk &>8 lvrbe

428"+ Datta igbs% gk sgoolbt e'âvíqua hbssbhakt ha rastbtuar

e'âèbsa hgkt be s'âtlbt aoplrâ = slks hguta el nlsbebqua ha el

« râ`bgk ³ ha Dlrtflà gò be lvlbt âtâ hbldra+ Ea prgdæs sa pelbhl

havlkt ea prgdgksue% vars el ibk ha 428+ Zrboblkus aut akdgra`lbk ha dlusa <

+ Olbs eas hânlts lvlbakt taeeaoakt suraxdbtâ e'g/

pbkbgk% qu'uka âoauta âdeltl+ El iguea sa rul sur el nlsbebqua%

el « dlvarka ³ has nrb`lkhs Sspaeukdl"% dgooa gk e'lppaelbt =

e'âhbibda iut slddl`â% nróeâ% rlsâ musqu'lux igkhaoakts 6+ Lu

sadgkh prgdæs dgktra Olxboblkus sa rlppgrtlbakt has @astl

prgdgksbhlrbl% gò ibùrlbakt el raquíta ha Zrboblkus% ea dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% at el hâdbsbgk hu muà 2

+ Hlks ea prgdæs/var/

nle âtlbt raprghubta% lu ogbks plrtbaeeaoakt% el pbæda prbkdb/

plea qu'lvlbt leeâùâa ea haolkhaur = el saktakda hu dgkdbea haNl`lç <:

+ Qk durbaux irlòakt ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra pabkt ê oar/vabeea e'luhlda has Zrboblkbstas at e'aonlrrls hu muà ak ildaha das sdfbsoltbquas qub sa hgkklbakt pgur Dltfgebquas+ Lu`rlkh âtgkkaoakt hu prgdgksue% qub dgkklbsslbt âvbhaooakte'âvíqua dltfgebqua Luraebus% Zrboblkus sa prâsaktlbt dgooa

Olxboblkus prgprblo haidkhanlt% Zrbobl/kuo prgdurltbgka olkhltl% axgrdbstarbb ad/deasblstbdb kgobka% ilvaktd sbnb Tldarhgtaea`ltg%qugh bpsl @astl bkhbalke% lnstuebssa ³

&Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10"+ ‘ Di+

Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6/>:+<" « âdbtg @sstl unb prgdurltbgkao

lh axbàkhl iadbstb+++ Duo ebtb`lrakt hahgog duo prgdurltgra beebus ³ &Tarog BB

bk Zsleo+ 49% <6/<2"+

>" « Ilvakta sbnb Tldarhgta eâ`lea/ ³

SDgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10"+ ‘ Be

s'l`bt ha da Ea`ltus Dlrefl`bkbs hgktplrea peus flut Luùstbk &bnbh+% BY% 4% 4"+Tldarhgs ast slks hguta ea kgo hu eâ`lt+Dapakhlkt% gk pgurrlbt ebra lussb = « ilvaktasbnb sldarhgtb ea`leg ³+ Au da dls% ea hltbi

sldarhgtb hâsb`karlbt Zrboblkus at igroa/rlbt lktbtfæsa lvad ea`leg = Luùstbk s'bkhb/

`karlbt ha datta dgopebdbtâ h'uk âvgqualvad uk ol`bstrlt+

4" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10+

8" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6/<23 Dgk/trl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10+

1" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <2+

9" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 80% 10+

0" Bnbh+% BBB% 12% 91 3 BY% 89% 11 3 TarogBB bk Zsleo+ ><% 4<+

6" Apbst+ 88% 8% 0 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BBB% 12% 913 BY% 89% 11+

2" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ ><% 4<3 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BBB% 12% 913 BY% <% < 3 89% 11+

<:" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% <% < 3 TarogBe bk Zsleo+ ><% 4<+



4:> EA HGKLXBTOA

âtlkt ea saue âvíqua eâ`btboa ha Dlrtflà+ « Legrs ea muàhaolkhl = \uae ast hgkd da sadgkh âvíqua7 Ast/be hu plrtb haHgklt7 ‘ Ea raprâsaktlkt ha RGiiëdbbbo râpgkhbt = Kgus ka dgk/klbssgks qu'uk saue âvíqua dltfgebqua% Luraebus ³'+ Dfgsaâtrlkà% ea prgdgksue plssl gutra% at lhmuàl el nlsbebqua êe'bktrus+

Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl% dgooa Olxboblkus ha Dlrtflà% iut

lssb`kâ haux igbs ak mustbda = lu hânut ha 421% at ak 420+ Eadgkdbea ha Nl`lç lylkt prgkgkdâ sl hâpgsbtbgk% eas Zrboblkbstasea raopeldærakt lussbtøt plr uk ha eaurs plrtbslks% kgooââstbtutus'+ Tlevbus raiuslkt ha dâhar el nlsbebqua ha Oao/nrassl% âstbtutus el ravakhbqul havlkt eas trbnuklux% gò be sa

ibt raprâsaktar plr e'lvgdlt Kuoolsbus 4+ Ea prgdæs iut mu`â

plr ea prgdgksue Farghas% lu dgooakdaoakt ha 421% lvlkt ea

> olrs = uk lvgdlt qub pelbhlbt hlks uka lutra liilbra% ea > olrsha datta lkkâa/eê% rlppael ê da prgdgksue el saktakda qu'be lvlbt

râdaooakt prgkgkdâa dgktra Tlevbus 3+ Tgutaku plr eas ibhæeas

ha Oaonrassl% e'âvíqua olxboblkbsta raiusl ha rakhra el nlsb/

ebqua% at e'liilbra trlëkl ak egkùaur+ Haux lks peus tlrh% âstb/tutus bktaktl uk kguvalu prgdæs = be râdelolbt datta igbs% kgksaueaoakt el nlsbebqua urnlbka% olbs tgus eas booauneas &egdl

gokbl" ha el dgoouklutâ hgkltbsta akdgra hâtakus plr sgklhvarslbra 1

% aktra lutras has dflops &làeeç"% has ol`lsbks guhas daeebars &daeeuela" 9

+ E'liilbra sa pelbhl havlkt ea prgdgksueTarlkus% ak 420 0

% kgk pls% dgooa gk ea râpæta% hlks el vbeea

h'Lnbtbkl% olbs ê Dlrtflà% dgooa kgus ea hbt igroaeeaoaktLuùstbk 6

+ Ea prgdgksue lhmuàl ê âstbtutus tgus eas nbaks

ravakhbquâs 2+ Olbs gk slvlbt% plr ea prgdæs prâdâhakt% qua

e'axâdutbgk ha el saktakda k'brlbt pls slks hbiibduetâ = e'âvíqua

olxboblkbsta âtlbt lboâ ha sas dgopltrbgtas% eas lutgrbtâs haOaonrassl eub âtlbakt ilvgrlneas% at sas ibhæeas âtlbakt râsgeus

ê ea hâiakhra+ Lussb% plr uka sbkùebæra lkgoleba% ea prgdgksue

<" « Xuka muhax bktarrg`lvbt = \ubs fbd

letar apbsdgpus ast7 Ha plrta Hgultb7 ‘âspgb hbe Giibabuo = ;bgs kgk kgvbous gbsb

Luraebuo dltfgebduo ³ &Tarog BB bk Zsleo+><% 4<"+

>" Apbs t+ <:6% 1% <83 Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BY% /8T% 16+

4" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% 19% 9> 3 12%

BY+ 8% 13 Apbse+ <:6% 8% <4 ae subv+

8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% b% ';+ ‘ Di+

<<<% 19% 9>+

1" Bnbh+% BY% 86% 16+

9" eekh+% BY% 9n% 6>+

0" Tur el hlta hu prgdgksuelt ha Tarl/

kus% di+ Zleeu ha Eassabt% Ilstas has prg/

vbkdas lirbdlbkas% t+ Be% p+ <<<+

6" « Kaqua gddueta ildtuo assa hbdtu/

rus as = lut pgssat fgd eltara Zrboblkuo%qugh bk al dbvbtlea ildtuo ast unb bpsa

apbsdgpus prlasbhaflt% at bk elktl dbvb/

tlea% lpuh elutuo muhbdao% ut ax fgd lebbs

dtblbk dbvbtltbnus gdduetuo assa kgk pgs/

sat7 ³ &Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%BY+ 1:% B

2" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% eee%

9% >2 = @³ttrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 86% 16 at

subv+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT 4.[+

dflràl eas ol`bstrlts h'Lnbtbkl% uka vbeea vgbsbka% ha sa

rakhra ê Oaonrassl pgur y prgdâhar lux slbsbas'+ Eas àksh'Lnbtbkl âtlbakt% pgur el peuplrt% has Zrboblkbstas dgkvlbk/dus = bes subvbrakt ak kblssa eaurs ol`bstrlts% at vabeeærakt aux/

oíoas ê e'axâdutbgk+ Das pgebdbars boprgvbsâs aktrærakt akolëtras hlks Oaonrassl% fguspbeeærakt eas flnbtlkts% gddu/pærakt el nlsbebqua dgktastâa+ Bes s'aoplrærakt ha e'âvíqua Tle/

vbus at e'lddlneærakt h'gutrlàs+ Zubs% bes lttldfærakt has dfbaksogrts lu dgu hu vbabeelrh% qu'bes prgoakærakt ak trbgopfa luobebau has fuâas% e'aktrlëklkt ha igrda hlks eaurs gr`bas%

aktgkklkt lutgur ha eub has dflksgks gnsdækas% ea dgktrlb`klktê hlksar lvad sgk ilrhalu oldlnra >

+ Igrda rastlbt ê el egb%

`rîda ê e'âoauta+ Ea pluvra Tlevbus k'gsl oíoa pls hâpgsaruka pelbkta3 be sa dgksgel ak prgtastlkt hlks sas sarogks at

ak ilbslkt nîtbr plr sas ibhæeas uka lutra nlsbebqua 4+ âstbtutus%

sgk fauraux dgopâtbtaur% âtlbt akdgra âvíqua prboblkbsta haOaonrassl ak 8< 8

+

Eas hgssbars has haux prgdæs ha Tlevbus kgus sgkt dgkkus

lvad lssaz ha prâdbsbgk+ Hlks eas @astl prgdgksuelrbl ha 421ibùrlbakt = el raquíta &pgseueltbg" ha âstbtutus% qub bkvgqulbtea dgkdbea ha Nl`lç at eas egbs dgktra eas fârâtbquas 1

3 ea dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% gò âtlbt raprghubta el saktakda hu dgkdbea haNl`lç 3 ea râqubsbtgbra ha e'lvgdlt Kuoolsbus% hgkt kgus pgs/sâhgks has irlòakts 0

3 el saktakda hu prgdgksue Farghas qub

grhgkklbt ha rastbtuar el nlsbebqua 6+ Ea muà ogtbvlbt sgk lrrít

plr datta hâdelrltbgk ha prbkdbpa% qua eas Zrboblkbstas ka olk/quærakt pls h'leeâùar hlks eas prgdæs uetârbaurs = « Kgkgnstlkttguta gppgsbtbgk ha el plrtba lhvarsa% eas âèbsas dgktastâas qub

sgkt gddupâas plr has sldrbeæàs% hgbvakt ítra rastbtuâas luxtræs slbkts âvíquas ³

2+ Eas @astl prgdgksuelrbl ha 420 dgkta/

klbakt uka kguvaeea raquíta ha âstbtutus% ea prgdæs/varnle hasbktarrg`ltgbras% el saktakda hu prgdgksue Tarlkus+ Hlks sl

raquíta% âstbtutus leeâùlbt at dbtlbt el hâdbsbgk hu dgkdbea ha

<" « eopatrlssa l prgdgksuea Zrboblkbs/

tls+++ ut par Lnbtbkaksas Tlevbus ha nlsb/ebdl paeearatur ³ {Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlr/oakblkb% BBB% 9% >2"+ ‘ Di+ Dgktrl Dras/dgkbuo% BY% 82% 12+

>" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB%

9% >2 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 82% 12+

4" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB%

9% >2+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <44 ae <26+

1" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

12% 91 3 BY% 8% 1 3 Apbst+ <:6% 8% <4 at

TQ<Y+

9" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 12% 91 3 BY%8% 1+

0" Apbst+ <:6% 8% <4 at subv+ 3 DgktrlDrasdgkbuo% BY% 8% 1+

6" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 1&b% 9> 3

12% 91 3 BY% 8% 1+

2" « Qt @astl tastlktur% axpegsg gokb dgk/

trlhbatbgkbs aiiadtu% sldrltbssbobs sldarhg/

tbnus l prgilkbs oaktbnus addeasbls Ubkhb/

dltls gpgrtara rastbtub ³ &Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BBB% 19% 9> 3 BY% 8% 1"+



4:8 EA HGKLXBTOA

Nl`lçqub lvlbt hâpgsâ Tlevbus = ak dgksâquakda% be sgoolbtsgk lhvarslbra gu ha sa rleebar lux Zrboblkbstas% gu ha qubttar

el pelda at ha dâhar tgus eas booauneas ha el dgoouklutâ'+ Gkvgbt% plr uk plsslà ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra% qua ea prgdgksue lhobtdgopeætaoakt datta tfæsa+ Ygbdb ea irlòakt hu prgdæs/varnle =

« Ea prgdgksue Tarlkus hbt = Eas ebtbàs aktra âvíquas% saegk el

egb% hgbvaktítra mu`âs plr eas âvíquas+ Eas âvíquas gkt mu`â+ Zgur/qugb hgkd &hbt/be ê Tlevbus"% pgurqugb hgkd ka ta hâdbhas/tu pls%

sgbt ê hgkkar sltbsildtbgk at ê raktrar hlks ea dfŔur has âvíquasha tgk lkdbakka Âèbsa% sgbt% dgooa ta ea dgksabeea e'Âdrbtura%

ê iubr havlkt tas parsâdutaurs7 ³ >+

Kguspgssâhgks lussb has

irlòakts ha el saktakda rakhua plr Tarlkus+ Be hâdbhl qua« âstbtutus aktrarlbt ak pgssassbgk% slks plrtlà% ha tgus eas

booauneas hâtakus plr Tlevbus ³ 4+ Be spâdbibl qua « plr eas

lutgrbtâs h'Lnbtbkl Tlevbus sarlbt axpuesâ ha sl nlsbebqua- ³+

E'uk has prgdæs eas peus rataktbsslkts ha datta pârbgha ast

daeub qub sa pelbhl ea > olrs 421 havlkt ea prgdgksue Farghas =

ê Dlrtflà% hlks el sleea h'luhbakda hu plelbs prgdgksuelbra&Dlrtfl`btba% bk sadratlrbg prlatgrbç"% dgooa ak tâogb`ka akdgrae'ak/títa has @astl-+ E'gnmat ha el dgktastltbgk âtlbt ea oíoaqua hlks eas pgursubtas dgktra Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl+ D'âtlbakt

akdgra has Zrboblkbstas qub ravakhbqulbakt eas nlsbebquas at

lutras booauneas &egdl addeasblstbdl" gddupâs plr haux âvíquasolxboblkbstas% haux has prbkdbplux dfais hu plrtb = Iaebdbl/

kus ha Oustb at Zrlataxtltus h'Lssurls ib

+ El raquíta has Zrbobl/kbstas ha Oustb âtlbt prâsaktâa lu kgo hu prítra Zara`rbkusat has sakbgras ha sl dgoouklutâ 0

+ Aeea iut sgutakua havlkt

ea trbnukle prgdgksuelbra plr e'lvgdlt Xbtblkus6

+ Dat grltaur%hlks sgk pelbhgyar% lttlqua â`leaoakt Zrlataxtltus at Iaebdbl/

kus+ Tubvlkt Luùstbk% be âtlbt ea olkhltlbra% ea prgduraur&prgdurltgr" has Zrboblkbstas h' Lssurls% dgooa ha daux ha

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 86% 16+

>" Tarluus prgdgksue hbxbt = « Ebs

apbsdgpgruo sadukhuo eaào ln apbsdgpbs

lubebakhl ast Apbsdgpb muhbdlvarukt+ \ulrakgk lut sun sltbsildtbgka lh dfgruo ra/

vartarbs vaeustltbs% lut% ut flnds sdrbptuo%tar`l parsadutgrbnus prghbs 7 ³ &bnbh+% BY%

86% 16"+

4" « Qt Fastbeutus+++ egdl gokbl% qula l

T3bevbg tabbanlbbeur% sbka lhrarslrbg pgssb/

harat ³ {bnbh+% BY% 86% 16"+

8" « Qt par Lnbtbkaksas Tlevbus ha nlsb/

ebdl paeearatur ³ {Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlr/oakblkb% BBB% g% >2"+‘ Di+ Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% eU % <2% ''+

1" « Zgst dgksueltubk hgobkgruo Lrdlhbbtar de eegkgrbb btaruo Luùstgruo% YB kgklsOlrebls% Dlrtfl`bka bu sadratlrbg prlatg/rbb+++ ³ &Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19% 9>"+

9" Apbît+ 0:% >= 09% 4 3 66% be3 <:6%

1% <83 Ha nlptbsog% BB% <>% <03 LhDltfgebdgs Apbstu l dgktrl Hgkltbstls%<6% 893 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19% 9>3BY% 8% 8 at subv+ 3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%B+ 42% 18+

0" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%19% 9> + BY%'++ 1 3 42% 89 at subv+

6" Bnbh+% BBB% 19% 9>3 BY% b% T = 42%8938:% be 3 8<% 86 3 Apbst+ <:6% 1% <8+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT 4:1

Oustb <= duoue qub k'l rbak h'axtrlgrhbklbra% at qub s'axpebqua

hlks el dbrdgkstlkda% sgbt plr el râputltbgk ha e'lvgdlt% sgbtplr el prgxbobtâ has haux vbeeas+ L e'luhbakda% Xbtblkus eut at

mustbibl el raquíta ha sas debakts ha Oustb+ Be s'ldflrkl dgktraeas âvíquas olxboblkbstas% kgk saueaoakt dgktra eas hâiak/haurs% olbs dgktra eaur dfai% dgktra Olxboblkus eub/oíoa+Be leeâùl el saktakda ha hâpgsbtbgk elkdâa hbx ogbs peus tøt

plr ea dgkdbea ha Nl`lç+ Igrt flnbeaoakt% be rlppael lu prg/dgksue el hâdelrltbgk ha prbkdbpa qua da `guvarkaur lvlbt ilbta

quaequa taops luplrlvlkt% sur el raquíta ha e'lvgdlt Kuool/sbus% hlks ea prgdæs ha Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl >

+ E'bssua huhânlt k'âtlbt pls hgutausa = ea muà hâdbhl qua% hlks ea hbgdæsaha Oustb dgooa hlks daeub h' Lssurls% e'âvíqua olxboblkbstadâharlbt lux Zrboblkbstas tgus eas booauneas bkhóoakt gddu/pâs 4

+

Datta hâdbsbgk rastl eattra ogrta+ Iaebdblkus at Zrlataxtltusraiusærakt â`leaoakt h'gnâbr-+ Ea praobar% qub slks hguta âtlbt

tgut/pubsslkt hlks sl vbeea% ka plrlët pls lvgbr âtâ sârbausaoakt

bkqubâtâ plr sas lhvarslbras ha el râ`bgk kb plr eas lutgrbtâsegdleas% lu ogbks musqu'ê e'lpplrbtbgk h'Gptltus ha Xflou`lhbak 420+ Lu dgktrlbra% eas Zrboblkbstas h' Lssurls raprbrakt

nbaktøt e'giiaksbva+ Bes âeurakt pgur âvíqua uk dartlbk ^g`l/tus <

%qub peus tlrh havlbt sa dgkvartbr lu Dltfgebdbsoa at ítra

liirausaoakt outbeâ plr has Dbrdgkdaeebgks 9+ Ea >> hâdao/

nra 429% uk kguvalu prgdæs s'ak`làl havlkt ea prgdgksueXfaghgrus 0

+ Qka raquíta iut prâsaktâa lu kgo ha e'âvíqua

^g`ltus% has deards at has sakbgras ha el dgoouklutâ prbobl/kbsta h'Lssurls = gk râdelolbt akdgra lux Olxboblkbstas el

rastbtutbgk has booauneas 6+ Dgkhlokâ ha kguvalu% Zrlataxtl/

tus râussbt pgurtlkt ê `lrhar eas nlsbebquas at lutras nbaks

dgktastâs 4+ Zgur râtlnebr hlks eas vbeeas h'Lssurls at ha Oustb

el plbx hgkltbsta% be ileeut eas oakldas at e'bktarvaktbgk lroâah'Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb% qub ak 420 igràl eas haux âvíquasolxboblkbstas ê sa râdgkdbebar lvadZrboblkus <:

+ Eas trlksiuàsgntbkrakt h'lbeeaurs uk plrhgk beebobtâ% at tgutas eas dgkdas/

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19% 9> = 0" « Qsqua lh Xfaghgruo prgdgksueao%

BY% 8% 1 3 1% 9+ fgd ast% usqua lh lkkb letarbus hbao VB

>" Bnbh+% BBB% 19% 9>+ ‘ Di+ BY% 8% 13 dleakhls blkulrbb ³ &Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo%

8:% 80+ BBB% 19% 9>"+

4" Bnbh+% BBB% 19% 9>3 BY% 8% 8 3 8:% 80+ 6" Bnbh+% BBB% 19% 9>+

8" « Duo% munakta prgdgksuea% egdbs qugs 2" Bnbh+% BY% 8% 8+

takanlut paeeara dgkltb obkboa vleubssakt ³ <:" Apbst+ 14% 4% 93 <:6% >% 1 3Dgktrl

{bnbh+% BY% 8% 8"+ ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 64%<683 Dgktrl

1" Bnbh+% <<<% 19% 9>+ Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 9:% 99 3 @astl duo Aoa/9" @astl duo Aoarbtg% 2+ rbtg% 2+

BY >:



4:9 EA HGKLXBTOA

sbgks qu'bes pguvlbakt hâsbrar <

+ Zrlataxtltus ogurut trgbs lkspeus tlrh% vars 8:: >

3 Iaebdblkus âtlbt akdgra âvíqua prboblkbsta

ak 8<<% egrs ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà4

+

Hlks das nltlbeeas aktra eas sdfbsoltbquas h'Lssurls gu haOustb% eas vrlbs vlbkquaurs iurakt eas Dltfgebquas% qub tbrærakt

ngk plrtb has plrgeas at has dgkdassbgks bopruhaktas âdflppâasgu bopgsâas legrs lux lktl`gkbstas+ Olefaurausaoakt pgur eas

Zrboblkbstas% eas hgssbars has prgdæs âtlbakt rastâs hlks eas

lrdfbvas punebquas% gò Luùstbk at h'lutras surakt eas trguvar+Das hgssbars igurkbrakt has lroas ê el dgktrgvarsa dltfgebqua3

at d'ast pgur dael qu'bes kgus sgkt lssaz nbak dgkkus+ Eas @astlprgdgksuelrbl hu > olrs 421% hgkt ea hânut at naludgup ha irl`/

oakts sgkt dgksarvâs 8

% rakiarolbakt hbvarsas pbædas qub

havbkrakt h'uka bopgrtlkda dlpbtlea lpræs el vgeta/ilda bkvgegk/tlbra has haux âvíquas olxboblkbstas at ea plrhgk aoprassâ%slks dgkhbtbgks% ha Zrboblkus+ D'âtlbakt = el raquíta &pgstuel/

tbg" hu prítra Zara`rbkus at has sakbgras ha Oustb dgktra Iaebdbl/

kus 1% at% slks hguta% uka raquíta lklegùa has Zrboblkbstas

h'Lssurls3 e'îpra râqubsbtgbra% qua kgus pgssâhgks ak plrtba% ha

e'lvgdlt Xbtblkus. 3 ea dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% gò âtlbt raprg/hubt e'lkltfæoa hu dgkdbea ha Nl`lç% gò âtlbakt leeâùâas eas

egbs dgktra eas fârâtbquas at e'liilbra lktârbaura ha Tlevbus 0

3

akibk% el saktakda hu prgdgksue Farghas% aktbæraoakt ilvgrlnealux haolkhaurs 6

+ L da oíoa hgssbar sa rlttldflbakt has @astloukbdbplebl ha Oustb% gò plrlët lvgbr ibùrâ% lvad ea dgopta/rakhu ha e'akquíta egdlea% ea prgdæs/varnle has hâibs lhrassâsplr Iaebdblkus lux ol`bstrlts oukbdbplux qub asslylbakt ha

ilbra axâdutar ea muàoakt rakhu ê Dlrtflà<

'+

Eas @astl prg/dgksuelrbl hu sadgkh prgdæs dgktra Zrlataxtltus h'Lssurls rak/iarolbakt ea dgopta/rakhu ha e'luhbakda takua ê Dlrtflà plrea prgdgksue Xfaghgrus ea >> hâdaonra 429 <:

+ El pbæda prbkdb/

<" Apbst+ 1<% 83 14% 4% 9 3 <:6% >% k3

<61% 8% <0= Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% eee% <1%

<6 3 9:% 99 3 BY% < = @astl duo Aoarbtg%2 3 Dgktrl @luha7btbbto% B% 42% 18+

>" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% BBB%

9% >2 3 Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbstuel dgktrlHgkltbsâls% <6% 893 Apbst+ <:6% >% 1+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <></<>>+ ‘ Di+

Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:6% 8% <4+

b Luùstbk% Apbst+ 1<% > ae 83 <:% >309% 4 3 66% << 3 <:6% 1% <83 Ha nlptbsog%<<% <>% <0 3 Lh Dltfgebdgs Apbstuel dgk/trl B"gkltbstls%bUT% 893 Dgktrl Drasdg/kbuo% BBB% 19% 9> 3 BY% 8% 8 at subv+ = Dgk/

trl @luhaktbuo% B% 42% 18+

1" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19% 9>+ ‘Di+ BY+ 8% 1 3 42% 89 ae subv+

9" Apbst+ <:6% 1% <8 3 Dgktrl Drasdg/

kbuo% <<<% 19% 9> = BY% 8% 1 3 42% 89 3 8:%803 8<% 86+

0" Apbst+ 66% << 3 B;a nlptbsog% BB% <>%

<0 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19% 9> 3 BY%

6" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% eee% 19% 9>3BY% 8% 8/3'+3 8:%80+

2" Bnbh+% eee% 19% 9>3 9:% 993 Apbst+ 09%

43 66% <<+

<:" Dgktrl r+ra+dgtbbuo% eee+ 19% 9>+




plea âtlbt el raquíta prâsaktâa lu kgo ha e'âvíqua ^g`ltus% has

sakëgras at has deards prboblkbstas h'Lssurls < + Eas haolkhaursleeâùlbakt eas saktakdas lktârbauras rakhuas ak ilvaur hasZrboblkbstas+ E'lrùoakt plrlbsslbt slks râpebqua = ak hgkklktuka praobæra igbs rlbsgk lux parsâdutaurs% ak lddaptlkt ha eas

dgksbhârar dgooa has Dltfgebquas qub pgursubvlbakt has fârâ/tbquas% eas prgdgksues s'âtlbakt ak`l`âs ê eaur hgkkar tgumgursrlbsgk+

Das hgssbars qub kgus ogktrakt lux prbsas eas haux prbkdb/

pleas sadtas hgkltbstas%dgooa

daux qub sa rlppgrtakt luxravakhbdltbgks eâ`leas has Dltfgebquas dgktra eas hbssbhakts%

prâsaktakt uk bktârít ha praobar grhra pgur e'fbstgbra husdfbsoa lirbdlbk+ L datta fbstgbra sa rlttldfakt akdgra% bkhbrad/taoakt% haux prgdæs hgkt kgus havgks lkleysar nrbævaoakt eas

hgssbars = ea prgdæs ha Olrdaeebkus at h'Lprbk`bus ak 8<4% ea

prgdæs h'Lktgkbus ha Iusslel ak 8>>/8>4+Olrdaeebkus% ea dgoobsslbra bopârble% e'lkdbak prâsbhakt ha

el Dgkiârakda% at sgk iræra Lprbk`bus% ea prgdgksue ha 8<<%

âtlbakt akdgra ê Dlrtflà hlks e'âtâ ha 8<4+ Nrusquaoakt% bes

iurakt lrrítâs plr grhra hu dgota Olrbkus% qub vaklbt h'âtgui/

iar el râvgeta h'Farldeblkus% at qub trlqulbt ak Lirbqua eas plr/tbslks hu ranaeea'+ Gk lvlbt hâkgkdâ eas haux iræras dgooaâtlkt has dgopebdas h'Farldeblkus = eas hâkgkdbltaurs âtlbakt%

kgus hbt/gk% has Hgkltbstas qub lvlbakt vgueu sa vakàr ha eaurs

parsâdutaurs 4+ Olrbkus% qub k'lbolbt pls eas haux lddusâs%

oakl obebtlbraoakt e'akquíta = ole`râ eas hâolrdfas h'Lu/

ùstbk lupræs hu kguvalu dgoobsslbra Dladbeblkus% ole`râe'lppae lhrassâ ê ^goa% Olrdaeebkus at Lprbk`bus iurakt

dgkhlokâs ê ogrt at axâdutâs ê Dlrtflà ea <4 saptaonra'+Kgus dgkklbssgks hbvarsas pbædas hu hgssbar gu qub s'y

rlttldfakt = uka raeltbgk hu prgdæs at hu suppebda 13 uka

raquíta lhrassâa ê e'aoparaur plr has âvíquas lirbdlbksr

'

3peu/

sbaurs râdbts sa rlppgrtlkt lux hâolrdfas ha Dladbeblkus% gulux dgkvarsltbgks qua Olrdaeebkus aut hlks sl prbsgk lvad sgkiræra Lprbk`bus at lvad e'âvíqua h'Fbppgka 0

3 uka eattra haDladbeblkus sur ea prgdæs 6

% at el râpgksa h'Luùstbk 23 uk ras/

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 19%9>+ Eassart% Ilstas has prgvbkdas lirbdlbk''+'3%

>" Apbse+ <1<% 8 at subv+ t+ BB% p+ >6:+

4} Mârøoa% Lhvarsus Zael`blkgs% <<<% 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <1<% 8/9 at 2+

93 Grgsa% YBB% 8>+ 9" Bnbh+% egb% 1 at <<+

8" Luùstbk% Apbst+ egb% 8/2+ ‘ Eas 0" Bnbh+% <1<%8/1 at 2+

haux iræras iurakt axâdutâs el vabeea ha el 6" Bnbh+% <1<% <+

iíta ha slbkt Dyprbak {bnbh+% <1<% 9"% hgkd 2" Apbst+ <1<+ea <4 saptaonra+ Tur e'lkkâa% di+ Zleeu ha



4:6 EÂ HGKLX<TOA

drbt bopârble% lrrbvâ trgp tlrh% qub grhgkklbt ha oattra akebnartâ eas lddusâs-+

E'akquíta sur Lktgkbus ha Iusslel kgus rloæka lux akvb/rgks h'Fbppgka+ Ea ngur` ha Iusslel% sbtuâ ê qulrlkta obeeasha datta dbtâ% lvlbt âtâ egk`taops uka has igrtarassas hu Hgkl/tbsoa+ Hlks e'akdabkta oíoa hu Dlstaeeuo% be k'y lvlbt pls uksaue Dltfgebqua3 at eas deards h'Fbppgka ka s'y lvakturlbakt plsslks `rlkhs rbsquas+ Zau ê pau% `rîda ê el prgpl`lkha h'Lu/ùstbk% eas egbs ha râprassbgk lbhlkt% eas hbssbhakts ha datta

râ`bgk lvlbakt ilbt loakha fgkgrlnea+ E'lhobkbstrltbgk huvlsta

hbgdæsa h'Fbppgka havaklkt hapeus

ak peus egurhaê el

subta has dgkvarsbgks% Luùstbk râsgeut ha hâoaonrar sgkAèbsa% at h'bkstleear uk lutra âvíqua ê Iusslel <

+ Zgur da pgstaha dgkiblkda% be ibt dfgbx h'uk prítra ha `rlkh oârbta% qubslvlbt ea pukbqua% el sauea elkùa dgkkua h'uka plrtba hasibhæeas+ Lu harkbar ogoakt% qulkh hâmê ea prbolt ha Kuobhbalrrbvlbt pgur el dgksâdrltbgk% ea dlkhbhlt âeu sa hârgnl plroghastba+ Zrassâ plr ea taops% Luùstbk sa hâdbhl ê dfgbsbr

plrob eas deards qub e'aktgurlbakt = be hâsb`kl uk mauka fgooa%akdgra sbopea eadtaur% uk dartlbk Lktgkbus% qub lvlbt âtâ âeavâsgus sas yaux% hlks sgk ogklstæra% at pgur qub be lvlbt hae'liiadtbgk 4

+ Olefaurausaoakt% dat Lktgkbus ka rassaonelbtùæra ê sgk olëtra = havaku âvíqua% be dlusl has sdlkhleas hatgut àkra% plr sl tyrlkkba% sas hânludfas% sas olevarsltbgks%sas rlpbkas% sas vbgeakdas -+ Eas àks ha Iusslel k'âtlbakt plspltbakts = hlks el peuplrt ha das rleebâs vbvlbt akdgra uk Hgkl/tbsta bopâkbtakt+ Bes sa pelb`kbrakt loæraoakt lupræs h'Luùs/

tbk% qub asslyl h'lrrlkàr eas dfgsas1

+ Zubs% bes haolkhæraktuka akquíta+ Lktgkbus% dgkhlokâ plr uk dgkdbea% âtlbt tgu/mgurs eê+ Tas ibhæeas vguelbakt sa hânlrrlssar ha eub ê tgut prbx3bes plrelbakt ha ea tuar 9

+ Bes ibkbrakt plr s'ak prakhra ê Luùstbkeub/oíoa% qu'bes rakhlbakt raspgkslnea ha tgut% at qu'bes lddu/særakt lupræs hu plpa U

Ha das pelbktas at ha das akquítas sgrtbt uk hgssbar lssaz bo/pgrtlkt &ouetbpebdbl @astl"-% hgkt vgbdb eas pbædas prbkdbpleas =

eattra h'Luùstbk lu prbolt ha Kuobhbampgur ea prbar ha vakbrgrhgkkar ea iutur âvíqua ha Iusslel 2

3pelbktas dgktra eaur

âvíqua Lktgkbus% lhrassâas ê Luùstbk plr eas Hgkltbstas dgk/

<" Apbst+ <1<% F+ 9" Apbs + >:2% 1+

Apbst+ >:2% >+ <" Bnbh+% >:2% 2+

4" Bnbh+% >F2% 4+ 6" Bnbh+% >:2% 0+

bm Bnbh+% >:2% b ae subv+ 2" Bnbh+% >:2%1" Bnbh+% >:2% 8+




vartbs ha Iusslel <3 hgssbar ha e'akquíta grhgkkâa plr ea dgkdbea

ha Kuobhba sur el dgkhubta h'Lktgkbus >3 hâdrat hu dgkdbea ha

Kuobhba% akeavlkt ê Lktgkbus e'lhobkbstrltbgk ha sgk hbgdæsa%

at ea dgkhloklkt ê rastbtuar tgut da qu'be sarlbt dgkvlbkdu

h'lvgbr vgeâ 43 lppae h'Lktgkbus lu plpa Ngkbiltbus% at oâogbra

mustbibdltbi Sebnaeeus" <3 rlppgrt lhrassâ ê da plpa plr ea prbolt

ha Kuobhba% qub% trgopâ plr Lktgkbus% ea hâdelrlbt bkkgdakt 43

eattra hu plpa Ngkbiltbus sur datta liilbra •3 lutra rlppgrt hu

prbolt ha Kuobhba% akvgyâ lu kguvalu plpa Dlaeastbkus 0

3

pelbktas lhrassâas hbradtaoakt lu plpaplr eas Hgkltbstas

dgk/vartbs ha Iusslel% qub ldduslbakt Luùstbk ha eaur lvgbr hgkkâuk âvíqua bkhb`ka 6

3 eattra ha mustbibdltbgk% akvgyâa plr Luùs/

tbk lu plpa Dlaeastbkus 2+

Gk ka slbt pls lu musta dgooakt ibkbt e'liilbra+ Olbs das

lkdbaks Hgkltbstas ha Iusslel trlfbsslbakt% musqua hlks eaurs

pelbktas eas peus eâ`btboas% uk rasta h'fuoaur quaraeeausa%

h'bktrlksbàlkda sadtlbra% at ha iuraur prgdassbva+ Qs ka sa els/

slbakt pls ha flrdaear kgk saueaoakt eaur âvíqua% olbs ea prb/

olt ha eaur prgvbkda% ea dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% musqu'lu plpa+

Bes lppgrtlbakt tlkt h'êpratâ hlks eaurs raprgdfas% qu'gk drlb/

`klbt ha eas vgbr ratgofar hlks ea sdfbsoa <:% at qu'Luùstbk

put sgkàr uk bkstlkt ê hgkkar sl hâobssbgk h'âvíqua ee+ BB hut

ilbra uk ratgur oâelkdgebqua sur el vlkbtâ has trbgopfas%

qulkh be vbt% hguza lks lpræs e'âdrlsaoakt hu Hgkltbsoa ê el

Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% e'asprbt hgkltbsta pâkâtrar lutgur haeub musqua hlks e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua+

YB

Hgduoakts hu taops ha e'gddupltbgk vlkhlea gu ha el hgobkltbgk nyzlutbka+ ‘H'gò vbakt el rlratâ has pbædas sur ea Hgklebsoa pakhlkt tguta datta pârbgha+Xâogb`klàs hbvars sur el parsbstlkda hu sdfbsoa sgus eas rgbs vlkhleas+ ‘Ahbt h'Fukârbd ak 868+ ‘ Ahbt ha Mustbkbak ak 141+ ‘ Xaxtas hbvars sur ea Hgkl/tbsoa lu taops ha Mustbkbak+ ‘ Harkbars hgduoakts sur e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa êel ibk hu vb a sbædea+ ‘ Dgrraspgkhlkda hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh lvad hasâvæquas at has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Hgssbars muhbdblbras+ ‘ Zrgdæs h'Lràk/tbus% âvíqua ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Olxboblkus% âvíqua ha Zuhaktblkl+ ‘Zrgdæs ha e'âvíqua Zlueus+ ‘ Egbs ha e'aoparaur Xbnæra Olurbda dgktra Ma Hgkl/tbsoa+ ‘ âquíta hu plpa ê e'aoparaur dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+

Lutlkt eas pbædas h'lrdfbvas sur ea Hgkltbsoa âtlbakt kgo/

U% Apbse+ >:2% 8+ 0" Apbst+ >:2% 9+

>" Bnbh+% >:2% 9/0+ 6" Bnbh+% >:2% 2+

4" Bnbh+% >:2% 8/1 at 0+ 2" Apbst+ >:2+

8" Bnbh+% >:2% 2+ <:" Bnbh+% >:2% 2+

1" Bnbh+% >:2% 9+ O" Bnbh+% >:2% <:+

9" Bnbh+% >:2% 2+



4<: EA HGKLXBTOA

nrausas at vlrbâas pgur e'âpgqua h'Luùstbk% lutlkt aeeas sa

igkt rlras hlks el pârbgha subvlkta+ << ilut lttakhra musqu'ê el

ibk hu vb a sbædea% pgur rakdgktrar ha kguvalu uk `rgupa bopgr/tlkt+ Hlks e'bktarvleea% pakhlkt eas dakt lkkâas ha e'gddupltbgkvlkhlea at eas dbkqulkta praobæras lkkâas ha el hgobkltbgknyzlktbka% eas hgduoakts igkt prasqua aktbæraoakt hâilut+

Ha datta pâkurba% ea flslrh k'ast pls saue raspgkslnea+ H'lngrh%ea kgonra has hgduoakts dgksarvâs ast sguvakt ak rlppgrtlvad e'bopgrtlkda fbstgrbqua has dfgsas at has ilbts+ Gr e'Âèbsa

sdfbsoltbqua ka sa raobt mlolbs hu dgup qub e'lvlbt lttabkta

ak 8<<= lpræs lvgbr egk`taops gddupâ eas

praobars pelks hae'fbstgbra% aeea âtlbt havakua uk âeâoakt sadgkhlbra ha el

sgdbâtâ lirbdlbka+ Eas lrdfbvas sgkt ê pau præs ouattas% tlktqua ea sdfbsoa ka trgunea pgbkt el plbx punebqua3 lu dgktrlbra%vars el ibk hu vb a sbædea% ea Hgkltbsoa ast vbsâ hlks h'lssaz kgo/nraux hgduoakts% plrda qu'legrs be ast rahavaku oaklàlkt+ Akgutra% e'gk hgbt takbr dgopta ha el ilàgk hgkt kgus sgkt plr/vakuas eas pbædas fbstgrbquas ha da àkra+ D'ast lutgur has `rlkhasŔuvras pgeâobquas% dgooa daeeas h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk% guhlks das Ŕuvras oíoas% qua sa sgkt dgksarvâs el peuplrt hashgduoakts raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ Gr% lu v a sbædea% el paksâa hasDltfgebquas lirbdlbks ast lbeeaurs = parsâdutâs aux/oíoas plr eas

Lrbaks% bes ka sgkàkt peus ê pgursubvra eaurs prgpras sdfbs/oltbquas% qub sa dgkigkhakt lvad aux lux yaux has dgkquârlkts+E'fbstgrbak has parsâdutbgks vlkhleas% Ybdtgr ha Ybtl% oaktbgkkaê pabka ea Hgkltbsoa+ Lu vb a sbædea% eas pgeâobstas ha e'Lirbquanyzlktbka ra`lrhakt vars Dgkstlktbkgpea at prakkakt plrt lux

quaraeeas raeb`bausas ha e'Grbakt+ Tlks ea ratgur giiaksbi huHgkltbsoa lu taops ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% at slks el dgrras/pgkhlkda ha da plpa% kgus k'lurbgks oíoa pu sgupàgkkar quae'Âèbsa hbssbhakta aót `lrhâ tlkt ha ibhæeas at tlkt ha igrda akKuobhba+ Ha el rlratâ has pbædas h'lrdfbvas pakhlkt el pârbghaprâdâhakta% gk ka hgbt hgkd pls dgkdeura qua e'Aèbsa sdfbsol/tbqua ka dgoptlbt peus legrs ak Lirbqua+

L hâilut ha hgduoakts giibdbaes% el parsbstlkda hu sdfbsoalirbdlbk musqu'ê el ibk ha el hgobkltbgk vlkhlea ast prguvâa plrtguta uka sârba ha taxtas gu ha tâogb`klàs dgktaopgrlbks =

eas âpbtlpfas has deards hgkltbstas ha Nakblk% qub s'âdfaegkkaktaktra 8>> at 889' 3 eas radaksbgks hgkltbstas hu Ebnar àkaleg` us%

ak 8>0% ak 846% ak 811% ak 894- 3 el dgrraspgkhlkda hu plpaEâgk ea @rlkh% qub lttasta el prâsakda ha Hgkltbstas hlks eas

< D+ + E+% YBBB% ><10:/><1<83 @saee% >" Ebnar @akalegùs% d+ 8>6 3 822 3 9>6Igubeeas ha ebakblk% p+ >>/>0 at 8>+ &p+ <6<% <66% e'+"9 Ogoosak"+



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT 4<<

Olurâtlkbas ak 889% at musqua hlks eas @lueas% ê Klrngkka% ak

816<

3 eas guvrlàs pgeâobquas ha e'âvíqua kuobha Lsdeapbusdgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas% lu obebau hu v a sbædea-3 eas leeusbgkslu Hgkltbsoa hlks ea Ebnar ha prgobssbgkbnus Hab% hlks eas

Ŕuvras ha Zatrus Dfrysgegùs% ha Xfaghgrat% ha Ybdtgr ha Ybtl 43

uka eattra h'Lvbtus% gò be ast quastbgk ha Hgkltbstas âtlnebs êEygk ak 1:>'3 akibk% hbvars plsslàs has Ŕuvras ha Iueàkdaha ûspla% ha sas lobs gu ha sas lhvarslbras 4

+

Ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk ast vbsâ paut/ítra hlks uk hgduoakt giib/

dbae% âolkâ ha el dflkdaeearba has rgbs vlkhleas = ea dâeænraâhbt prgoueùâ plr Fukârbd ea >8 iâvrbar 868+ Dat âhbt% bkspbrâplr el rlkduka hu dear`â lrbak% âtlbt uk lrrít ha prgsdrbptbgkdgktra ea Dltfgebdbsoa at eas sadtas kgk/lrbakkas+ Zlr uk rliib/

kaoakt ha drulutâ% gu plr uka sbkùebæra brgkba ha sdrbnas% qublttasta hlks datta dgur nlrnlra uk raspadt sb`kbibdltbi ha el trl/

hbtbgk rgolbka% e'âhbt rgyle raprghubslbt axldtaoakt tgutas eas

delusas has lkdbakkas egbs prgoueùâas plr eas aoparaursdltfgebquas dgktra eas fârâsbas% at prbkdbpleaoakt dgktra ea

sdfbsoa lirbdlbk+ Zlrob eas suspadts qub sgkt irlppâs h'loakhashbvarsas saegk ea rlk` at el dltâ`grba% ibùrakt eas « Dbrdgkdae/ebgks ³ .+ Be ast prgnlnea qua da kgo hâsb`ka bdb tgus eas Hgkl/tbstas3 dlr tgus eas ibhæeas ha e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% plrtguthâpgssâhâs ha eaurs nlsbebquas% prgsdrbts at trlquâs hapubs peu/

sbaurs `âkârltbgks% âtlbakt hâsgrolbs râhubts ê oakar el vba

arrlkta gu prâdlbra has Dbrdgkdaeebgks h'lutraigbs+

Lu eakhaolbk ha el dgkquíta nyzlktbka% ea Hgkltbsoa ast

akdgra irlppâ hlks e'uk has praobars âhbts prgoueùâs akLirbqua lu kgo has kguvalux olëtras hu plys+ E'âhbt ha Mustb/

kbak « Tur e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka ³% lhrassâ ea < ar lgót 441 ê Tgeg/ogk% prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua% lvlbt pgur gnmat ha râgr/

`lkbsar ea Dltfgebdbsoa egdle% prgsdrbt hapubs uk sbædea% at raha/vaku nrusquaoakt e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea+ Taegk eas bhâas hu taops%datta râgr`lkbsltbgk bopebqulbt el obsa fgrs el egb ha tgus eas

kgk/dltfgebquas+ L døtâ has Lrbaks% has Mubis% has plçaks% sgktkgooâs ê haux raprbsas eas Hgkltbstas = gk eaur bktarhbslbt hanlptbsar% h'grhgkkar has âvíquas gu has deards% ha pgssâharluduka nlsbebqua% ha dâeânrar luduk dueta « oíoa hlks eas

<" Eâgk B% Apbse+ <>% 9 3 <90% <6+ 8" Lvbtus% Apbst+ >9+

>" @akklhbus% Ha sdrbptgr+ addeas+% 04+ 1" Iueàkda ha ûspla% Dgktrl Tarog/4" Ebnar ha prgobssbgkbnus at prla/ kao Ilsebhbgsb Lrblkb lh Ybdtgrao% <:

3

hbdebgkbnus Hab% BB% 9% <:3 BY% <4%>>3 Lh Iaebdao kgtlrbuo haXrbkbekea ebnar%

Zatrus Dfrysgegùs% Tarog <43 Xfaghgrat% <3

+Ilstbhbgsus% Tarog% < 3 Ybdtgr% Apbse+Flaratbdlruo ilnuelruo dgopakhbuo% lh Iueàktbuo% 8+

BY% 93 Ybdtgr ha Ybtl% <<<% 0< Fleo+ D" Ybdtgr ha Ybtl% BBB% <: Flekb+



4<> EA HGKLXBTOA

dlvarkas ³'+ Eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks purakt drgbra ravakus eas

nalux mgurs has parsâdutbgks h'Fgkgrbus+

Dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% ea Dgha Mustbkbak raobt ak vbùaur easvbabeeas egbs bopârbleas 4

+ Kâlkogbks% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbquapgursubvbt sas gnsduras hastbkâas musqu'ê el ibk hu ræ`ka haMustbkbak% at lu/haeê+ Aeea ast vbsâa legrs plr Dlssbghgra hlks sas

Dgooaktlbras has Zsluoas-+ Haux deards lirbdlbks% Iarrlkhusat Drasdgkbus% hlks eaurs dgopbeltbgks dlkgkbquas% sgrtas haDghas hbsdbpebklbras% ka olkquærakt pls h'bksârar eas prbkdbpluxdlkgks dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% vgtâs mlhbs plr eas dgkdbeas huplys U Gk ka prakh pls da àkra ha prâdlutbgks dgktra hasogrts+

Ak aiiat% vars elibkhuvb a sbædea% e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua raplrlëtlu `rlkh mgur ha e'fbstgbra% hu ogbks ak Kuobhba+ Aeea sa

ogktra legrs sb vbvlkta% sb dgkiblkta ak sas igrdas% qu'aeea

raprakh e'giiaksbva at gsa oakldar e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea+ Zlr sas

lttlquas% aeea bkqubæta ea plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% qub sa hâdbhaê oakar uka kguvaeea dlopl`ka dgktra ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk+ Ldatta dlopl`ka sa rlttldfakt eas harkbars hgduoakts dgkkus

sur ea Hgkltbsoa+El eutta dgktra eas hbssbhakts h'Lirbqua tbakt uka pelda

bopgrtlkta hlks el dgrraspgkhlkda ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh+Eattras giibdbaeeas ê e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra gu lux `guvar/kaurs lirbdlbks% ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus% lu prâiat hu prâtgbraZlktleâgk 1

+ Eattras ogbks sgeakkaeeas ê has âvíquas ha el

dgktrâa% ê Hgobkbdus ha Dlrtflà 9 gu ê has Kuobhas <

% luprbolt Lhaghltus% ê Oluraktbus% ê Ybdtgr 6

% surtgut ê Dgeuonus%

qubmgulbt legrs% prgnlneaoakt slks

ak lvgbrea tbtra%

ea røeah'uk eâ`lt pgktbibdle 2+ Xgutas das eattras% qub kgus sgkt plrva/

kuas at qub kgus paroattakt ha subvra el pgebtbqua lirbdlbka ha@râ`gbra ea @rlkh% gkt hâmê plr aeeas/oíoas el vleaur hahgduoakts fbstgrbquas+ Ak gutra% aeeas kgus igurkbssakt hasraksab`kaoakts prâdbaux sur hbiiâraktas pbædas h'lrdfbvas =

hgssbars muhbdblbras% egbs bopârbleas dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa%raquítas hu plpa% slks plrear has hgssbars ha dgkdbeas+

E'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa% qub sgus Dgkstlktbk s'âtlbt guvarta

<" Mustbkbak% Kgvaee+ 40% 1 at 6+ 0 at 4> 3 YB% 12 at 9< &ahbt+ Awleh at Nlrt/

>" Dgh+ eustbkblk % B% 1% > at subv+ 3 9% olku% Narebk% < 62< / <T22% hlks eas Ogku< 3 Ybe% 1>% 9 3 atd+ rkaktl @arolkbla"+

4" Dlssbghgra% Bk Zsleo+ 9: at 99+ 9" Bnbh+% Y% 4+

8" Iarrlkhus% Nravblebg dlkgkuo% dlk+ <" Bnbh+% B% 01+

1:3 <08 at subv+3 <62 at subv+3 <243 Dras/ 6" Bnbh+% BY% V% = YBBB% <4+

dgrkus% Dgkdgrhbl dlkgkuo% dlk+ >143 2" Bnbh+% BB% 893 BY% 413 YB% 483 YBB%

>013 >06/>6:3 >68+ >3 YBBB% <1+

1" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% 0>3 BY%



HGDQOAKXTFBTXG^B\QAT 4<4

plr has akquítas muhbdblbras% at qub peus tlrh kgus l sb sguvakt

rloakâs havlkt eas muàs% sa tarobka â`leaoakt plr hasprgdæs+ Be y lvlbt trgbs dakts lks qua eas haux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas

sa quaraeelbakt havlkt eas trbnuklux+ Xrgbs prgdæs ha el ibk huvb a sbædea sa rlttldfakt ê e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa = ea prgdæs h'Lr/

àktbus% âvíqua ha Elob``b`l% ak 12< 3 ea prgdæs ha Olxbobl/kus% âvíqua ha Zuhaktblkl% ak 12>3 ea prgdæs ha e'âvíquaZlueus% qub hurl qultra lks% ha 128 ê 126+ Tur das trgbs liilbras%

el dgrraspgkhlkda ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh kgus hgkka hasbkhbdltbgks prâdbsas% at oíoa kgus paroat ha radgkstbtuar akplrtba eas hgssbars+

Yars ea obebau ha e'lkkâa 12<% ea plpa raàut uka pelbktadgktra Lràktbus% âvíqua ha Elob``b`l ak Kuobhba+ Hauxhbldras ha datta Âèbsa% Iaebdbssbous at Ybkdaktbus% ldduslbakteaur âvíqua h'lvgbr dgoobs uka `rgssa bkmustbda ê eaur

â`lrh at nbak h'lutras oâilbts% kgtlooakt h'lvgbr kgooâprítras dartlbks Hgkltbstas qub lvlbakt ldfatâ eaur kgobkltbgk ê

nalux hakbars dgoptlkts+ Ea plpa akvgyl lussbtøt sas bkstrud/

tbgks ê sgk eâ`lt Fbelrus % kgtlbra addeâsblstbqua &kgtlrbksLirbdla"% lhobkbstrltaur hu hgolbka pgktbibdle ak LirbquaSra+degr 'pltrbogkbbpar Lirbdlbk"+ Ak lgót 12<% be eub dgooukb/qul ea taxta ha el pelbkta% ak ea dflràlkt h'guvrbr uka akquítasur eas ilbts raprgdfâs ê Lràktbus% ha haolkhar booâhblta/oakt el dgkvgdltbgk h'uk dgkdbea qub muàrlbt e'liilbra% at havabeear aksubta ê e'axâdutbgk hu muàoakt = « Zrassa/tgb% hbslbt

ea plpa 3 bksbsta pgur qua hlks ea plys% subvlkt el dgutuoa% sarâukbssa

ukdgkdbea+

\uaeas

âvíquas axlobkakt% pgbkt plrpgbkt% tgutas eas leeâ`ltbgks dgktakuas hlks ea taxta ha el pelbktaak quastbgk+ \u'bes oækakt eaur akquíta h'lpræs eas ræèasdlkgkbquas% ak prâsakda has plrtbas% lvad uk obkutbaux sdru/puea+ \uaeea qua sgbt el hâdbsbgk has muàs% tu vabeearls ê da quaea muàoakt sgbt axâdutâ sur tgus eas pgbkts+ Fêta/tgb hgkdh'l`br 3 lppgrta tgus tas sgbks ê da prgdæs% libk qu'gk ka pubssabkvgquar luduk prâtaxta pgur hbiiârar e'akquíta grhgkkâa+Tldfa qua tu t'axpgsarlbs ê ha `rlvas raprgdfas% sb e'axâdutbgk

ha oas grhras âtlbt ratlrhâa plr uka axdusa quaedgkqua ³ e+ Gk

vgbt qua ea plpa âtlbt prassâ h'lngutbr+ Be k'ast pls hgutauxqu'Lr[aktbus lbt âtâ trlhubt havlkt uk dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% slkshguta vars el ibk ha 12<% at qu'gk lbt subvb el prgdâhura radgo/olkhâa+ Kgus ka slvgks% h'lbeeaurs% dgooakt ibkbt e'liilbra+

Hlks ea hgssbar ibùrlbakt eas pbædas subvlktas% hgkt el sadgkha

<" Apbst+% <% 6>+



4<8 EA HGKLXITOA

ast aktbæraoakt dgksarvâa = el raquíta &patbtbg" has hbldras Iaeb/dbssbous at Ybkdaktbus dgktra eaur âvíqua3 eas bkstrudtbgks

&prladaptuo" akvgyâas plr ea plpa ê Fbelrus 3 ea prgdæs/varnleha e'akquíta &@astl"U

E'lkkâa subvlkta% uka liilbra lklegùa loakl uka kguvaeeabktarvaktbgk hu plpa+ Qk lutra âvíqua kuobha% Olxbobl/kus ha Zuhaktblkl% âtlbt sgupàgkkâ lussb ha dgopelbslkdasbktârassâas pgur eas sdfbsoltbquas + Haux ha sas hbldras

%

@gkstlktbus at Oustaeus% ea hâkgkdærakt dgooa lylkt dgoobshbvarsas olevarsltbgks% at dgooa lylkt raàu ha e'lràkt pgurlutgrbsar eas Hgkltbstas ê âebra% hlks sgk prgpra hbgdæsa% ukâvíqua ha eaur plrtb+ Eas lddusltaurs sa rakhbrakt ê ^goa% luhânut ha e'âtâ ha 12>% at raobrakt aux/oíoas eaur pelbkta+@râ`gbra ea @rlkh prgdâhl dgooa pgur Lràktbus = be grhgkklbooâhbltaoakt h'guvrbr uka akquíta at ha trlhubra Olxbobl/kus havlkt sas plbrs+ Zlr uka eattra qu'be dgkibl lux pelb`klkts%ea >4 mubeeat 12>% be dflràl e'âvíqua Dgeuonus ha s'aktakhralvad sgk prbolt at lvad ea eâ`lt Fbelrus pgur el dgkvgdltbgk hudgkdbea+ Tb Olxboblkus âtlbt dguplnea% gk havlbt ea hâpgsar% ea

hâ`rlhar% ea dgkhlokar ê bkhaokbsar tgus daux qu'be lvlbt eâsâs 3

s'be âtlbt radgkku bkkgdakt% gk pukbrlbt sâværaoakt eas dlego/kbltaurs+ Kgus b`kgrgks e'bssua hu prgdæs% qub hut lvgbr ebau êel ibk ha 12>+ Ea hgssbar dgopraklbt = el raquíta &patbtbg" hashbldras @gkstlktbus at Oustaeus dgktra eaur âvíqua3 eas bks/trudtbgks hu plpa ê Dgeuonus% at% slks hguta% has bkstrudtbgkslklegùas ê Fbelrus3 ea dgopta/rakhu ha e'akquíta &dg`kbtbg" at

has hânlts havlkt ea dgkdbea >+

Eas hauxprgdæs prâdâhakts trlfbsslbakt h'âtrlkàs dgoprg/obssbgks = e'bkdgksdbakda gu e'bopruhakda h'âvíquas dltfgebquas%

lddusâs ha s'ítra vakhus lux Hgkltbstas+ Ea prgdæs ha Zlueusogktra e'luhlda drgbsslkta has sdfbsoltbquas ha Kuobhba+Zakhlkt qultra lks lu ogbks% bes s'ldflrkærakt dgktra uk ole/fauraux âvíqua dltfgebqua% hgkt ea saue tgrt plrlët lvgbr âtâ haka pls s'bkdebkar havlkt aux+ Bes râussbrakt ê ea ilbra axdgo/oukbar plr uk dgkdbea sgb/hbslkt dltfgebqua+ Bes gntbkrakt e'lp/

pub ha e'axlrqua h'Lirbqua% hgkt e'bktarvaktbgk aktrlvl e'ak/

quíta hu plpa+ Gk paut hgutar qu'bes sa sgbakt bkdebkâs havlkt el

saktakda ha e'aoparaur% prgdelolkt e'bkkgdakda ha eaur akkaob+Da Zlueus âtlbt âvíqua quaequa plrt ak Kuobhba3 gk ka kgus

hbt pls hlks quaeea dbtâ+ Kgus ka slvgks pls lu musta da qu'gkeub raprgdflbt+ Zrgnlneaoakt% has olevarsltbgks 3 olbs da

U" Apbst+% B% 6>+ >" Apbst+% Be% 8:+




k'âtlbt eê qu'uk prâtaxta+ Da qub ast dartlbk% d'ast qua eas Hgkl/

tbstas sgueaværakt dgktra Zlueus e'gpbkbgk punebqua ha Kuobhba%at qua Zlueus sa pelb`klbt naludgup has Hgkltbstas+ Tgk prg/

dæs iut bkstrubt suddassbvaoakt havlkt trgbs murbhbdtbgks = akKuobhba% havlkt ea dgkdbea prgvbkdble3 ê ^goa% havlkt ea plpa3ê Dgkstlktbkgpea% havlkt e'aoparaur+

Ea praobar ldta sa plssa ak Kuobhba+ E'âvíqua Zlueus lvlbtdfardfâ slks hguta ê lrrítar lutgur ha eub eas prg`ræs hu sdfbsoa =

h'gò el flbka has hbssbhakts+ Dgooa nbak h'lutras ha sas dge/

eæùas% be plrlët lvgbr âtâ dflssâ ha sgk hbgdæsa plr sas lhvar/slbras+ Yars ea hânut ha 128% be sa pelb`kbt lupræs hu plpa% at

vgueut sa rakhra ê ^goa pgur axpgsar eub/oíoa sas `rbais+ Tasakkaobs e'lddusærakt lupræs has làkts bopârblux% at râussbraktê e'aopídfar ha plrtbr+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh bktarvbkt+ Lu ogbs hamubeeat% be âdrbvbt sbouetlkâoakt lu prâiat hu prâtgbra Zlktl/eâgk% ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus% lux âvíquas kuobhas Ybdtgr at

Dgeuonus = ê tgus% be haolkhlbt ha ildbebtar at ha fîtar ea hâplrtha Zlueus <

+ Eas Hgkltbstas iurakt peus pubsslkts qua ea Zlpa+

Bes olkŔuvrærakt sb nbak qua% haux lks peus tlrh% eaur lddusl/taur âtlbt akdgra ak Lirbqua+ Nbak obaux% bes ea ibrakt dgkhlokarplr e'Âèbsa oíoa hgkt be s'âtlbt ilbt ea dflopbgk+ Qka paribhadlopl`ka ha dlegokbas e'lvlbt rakhu suspadt ê daux/eê oíoasqub lurlbakt hó ea hâiakhra = lu prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua% êe'axlrqua% lux lutras âvíquas dltfgebquas ha el râ`bgk+ Yars ea

dgooakdaoakt ha e'âtâ ha 129% Zlueus iut trlhubt havlkt ea

dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% qub e'axdgooukbl >+

D'ast legrs qua ea plpa âvgqul e'liilbra havlkt sgk trbnukle+Lu eakhaolbk ha e'axdgooukbdltbgk% Zlueus lvlbt pu trgoparel survabeelkda ha sas akkaobs% at s'aonlrquar pgur e'Btleba+

Eas flbkas qu'be iuylbt e'y pgursubvbrakt+ Nbaktøt lrrbvlbt ê^goa uk rlppgrt ha e'axlrqua h'Lirbqua = @akklhbus% træsfgstbea ê e'âvíqua parsâdutâ% lvbslbt ea plpa ha el saktakda h'ax/dgooukbdltbgk elkdâa plr ea dgkdbea% at mustbiblbt datta saktakdaplr sas prgpras lddusltbgks+ D'âtlbt lu ogbs h'lgót ha e'lkkâa129+ Ea plpa râpgkhbt lussbtøt ê e'axlrqua+ Be eub raprgdflbt hak'lvgbr taku luduk dgopta has bkstrudtbgks akvgyâas haux lkspeus tøt+ Be lmgutlbt qu'be lvlbt ilbt ebra ê Zlueus el eattra lddu/

sltrbda% at qua e'lddusâ lvlbt âkar`bquaoakt prgtastâ+ Ea plpalkkgkàlbt qu'be guvrlbt eub/oíoa uka akquíta 4

+ Mustaoakt%@akklhbus lvlbt akvgyâ ê ^goa sgk dflkdaebar &dlkdaeelrbus"%

lvad trgbs tâogbks ê dflrà dgktra Zlueus+ Hgkd% rbak ka olk/

<" Apbst+% BY% 4> at 41+ ‘ Di+ YB% 12+ 4" ApbsE% YB% 12+

>" enbh+ tYB% 123 YQ% >+



4<9 EA HGKLXBTOA

qulbt pgur ea prgdæs ak lppae% kb el saktakda hu dgkdbea% kbrâqubsbtgbra% kb lddusltaur% kb lddusâ% kb tâogbks% kb muà+ At

dapakhlkt% ea prgdæs k'aut pls ebau+ Hæs eas prâebobklbras hae'bkstrudtbgk% ea dflkdaebar ha e'axlrqua sa hârgnl% liiërolktqu'bek'lvlbt pls ha pguvgbrs ak ræèa pgur sa pgrtar lddusltaur+H'lutra plrt% e'lddusâ axprbolbt ea hâsbr h'ak râiârar ê e'aopa/raur+ Akibk% ea muà eub/oíoa s'aiirlylbt uk pau ê el paksâaqu'be pgurrlbt ítra loakâ ê prgdeloar e'bklkbtâ has `rbais igr/

oueâs dgktra uk âvíqua plr ea dfai ha e'lroâa h'Lirbqua+ Gk sa

obt h'lddgrh pgur rakvgyar e'liilbra havlkt ea trbnukle hae'aoparaur <

+ Ea plpa lutgrbsl Zlueus ê plrtbr pgur Dgkstlktb/kgpea lvad sas tâogbks% haux lutras âvíquas qub âtlbakt vakush'Lirbqua lvad eub% at qub parsgkkaeeaoakt lvlbakt lussb ê sapelbkhra has Hgkltbstas+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh âdrbvbt ê e'aoparaurpgur eub axpgsar el sbtultbgk = be hâdelrlbt k'lvgbr pls vgueuraopebr e'giibda ha muà hlks uk prgdæs gò e'uka has plrtbas âtlbt

uk flut igkdtbgkklbra >+ Zlueus âtlbt hâmê ak rguta pgur Dgks/

tlktbkgpea% qulkh lrrbvl uka eattra ha @geuonus = e'âvíquakuobha kgtbiblbt ê sgk tgur el saktakda h'axdgooukbdltbgk% ak

ldduslkt lussb sgk dgeeæùa axdgooukbâ+ Hlks sl râpgksa% ea

plpa neîol Dgeuonus h'lvgbr tlkt tlrhâ = hâsgrolbs% e'lddusâk'âtlkt peus eê% d'ast ha e'aoparaur qua raeavlbt e'liilbra 4

+

Zlueus hut dgoplrlëtra havlkt ea trbnukle ha e'aoparaurOlurbda Xbnæra% ê Dgkstlktbkgpea% hlks ea dgurlkt ha e'lk/

kâa 120+ Gk ka slbt rbak ha prâdbs sur da trgbsbæoa prgdæs+ Qkasauea dfgsa ast dartlbka% d'ast qua Zlueus aut `lbk ha dlusa+ Be

ravbkt ê ^goa% el títa fluta% ak iâvrbar 126-+ Ea plpa k'fâsbtl

peus ê prakhra irlkdfaoakt sgk plrtb+ Zlueus sa prâplrlkt êratgurkar ak Lirbqua% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh eub raobt haux eattras

ha radgoolkhltbgk pgur has âvíquas kuobhas = Xuka pgurDgeuonus% e'lutra pgur ea prbolt Lhaghltus at sgk dgeeæùaOluraktbus+ Ea plpa axfgrtlbt eas hastbkltlbras ê s'bkdebkar

havlke ea muàoakt h5; e'aoparaur% ê gunebar eaurs `rbais gueaurs prâvaktbgks dgktra Zlueus% ê pelbhar sl dlusa lupræs hasDltfgebquas ha Kuobhba% ê ea hâiakhra akvars at dgktra tgus%oíoa lu rbsqua ha hâpelbra 1

+ H'lpræs eas prâdlutbgks grltgbrasat eas râtbdakdas hu plpa% gk havbka qua sas eattras ha radgo/olkhltbgk k'gkt pls hó prghubra naludgup h'aiiat+ Eas Hgkl/tbstas ka hâslrolbakt pls vgegktbars3 e'gpbkbgk lirbdlbka%

oíoa hlks ea dlop dltfgebqua% âtlbt træs ogktâa dgktra ea prg/

<%< ApbsE% YB% 9< 3 YBB% >+ ‘Di+ YB% 12+ b" Apbst+% YB% ibe 3 YBB% >3 YBBB% <4 ae <1+

> Bnbh+% YB% 9t+ 1" Bnbh+% Obe% <4 de <1+

%% Bnbh+% vu% >+




tâ`â ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh 3 be k'ast pls sór qua ea dgkdbea ha

Kuobhba lbt dgksaktb ê ratbrar sgk axdgooukbdltbgk+ Taegktguta lpplrakda% ea pluvra âvíqua Zlueus k'âtlbt pls akdgralu ngut ha sas trbnueltbgks+

El prgdâhura dgopeaxa ha datta bktarobklnea liilbra% pelbhâasuddassbvaoakt ak Kuobhba% ê ^goa% ê Dgkstlktbkgpea% prg/hubsbt uk hgssbar træs dgksbhârlnea% hgkt naludgup ha pbædas

kgus sgkt plrvakuas+ Hlks da hgssbar ibùrlbakt = trgbs eattras

hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% qub prblbt ea prâiat hu prâtgbra Zlk/tleâgk% e'axlrqua @akklhbus% eas âvgquas Ybdtgr at Dgeuonus%ha ildbebtar ea hâplrt ha Zlueus pgur ^goa &mubeeat 128" '

3 eas

@astl hu dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% at el saktakda h'axdgooukbdl/tbgk &âtâ ha 129"'3 uk rlppgrt ha e'axlrqua @akklhbus% kgtbiblkt

lu plpa e'axdgooukbdltbgk 43 el râpgksa hu plpa ê e'axlrqua

&lgót 129" '3 ea prgdæs/varnle ha e'akquíta &bkqubsbtbg" ilbta ê

^goa 13 ea rlppgrt hu plpa ê e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra

&lgót 129"9

3 uka eattra ha e'âvíqua Dgeuonus kgtbiblkt ê sgktgur e'axdgooukbdltbgk'3 el râpgksa ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh ê

Dgeuonus &gdtgnra 129"6

3 eas @astl hu prgdæs havlkt ea trbnu/kle ha e'aoparaur ê Dgkstlktbkgpea &120"

23 akibk% eas haux

eattras ha radgoolkhltbgk raobsas ê Zlueus plr ea plpa% e'uka

pgur Dgeuonus% e'lutra pgur ea prbolt Lhaghltus at e'âvgquaOluraktbus &iâvrbar 126" <:

+ Xgutas das pbædas% at h'lutras slkshguta% qua Zlueus rlppgrtlbt hlks sgk nl`là% hurakt ítra prg/hubtas havlkt ea dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% gò ea hgssbar s'akrbdfbt

akdgra+Das prgdæs% kâs has bktrbùas hgkltbstas% lttbrærakt e'lttaktbgk

hu `guvarkaoakt daktrle sur ea râvabe at eas prg`ræs bkqubâ/tlkts hu sdfbsoa lirbdlbk+ H'lbeeaurs% eas lvartbssaoaktsliieulbakt = pelbktas ha kgonraux âvíquas% hâdbsbgks ha dgkdbeas%

raquítas hu plpa% rlppgrts has `guvarkaurs+ Dgooa lutraigbs

Fgkgrbus gu Dgkstlktbk% e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra sa hâdbhlê âhbdtar has oasuras spâdbleas dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Be y aut

prgnlneaoakt peusbaurs egbs suddassbvas+ Kgus lvgks quaequasraksab`kaoakts sur daeea qub iut prgoueùâa vars ea obebau ha

128 F + Lu ogbs ha mubeeat ha datta lkkâa/eê% @râ`gbra ea @rlkhbkvbtl ea prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua ê lppebquar el egb &eax"

qub grhgkklbt ha pgursubvra eas fârâtbquas% ê sâvbr dgktra das

<" Apbst+% BY% 4> at 41+ ‘ Di+ YB% 42+ 9" Apbst+% YB% 9<

+

>" Di+ YB% 12 3 YBB% >+ 0" Eattra oaktbgkkâa plr ea plpa &YQ%>"+

4" ^lppgrt oaktbgkkâ plr ea plpa &YB% 6" Bnbh+% YBB% >+

12"+ 2" Di+ YB% 9<3 Y<<B% <4 at <1+

8" Apbst+% YB% 12+ <:" Bnbh+% YBBB% <4 at <1+

1" Bnbh+% YB% 9< 3 Ybe% >+ ‘ Di+ YB% 12+ <<" Bnbh+% Y% 43 YB% 9<+ ‘ Di+ BY% 4>+



4<6 EA HGKLXBTOA

Hgkltbstas qua dgkhloklbt « el rbùaur has egbs fuolbkas ³

&eaùohbstrbdtëg oukhlklruo" e+ Ak saptaonra% be plrelbt akdgra

has râdaktas dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas &leea`ltbg prbkdbplebuomussbgmbuo"% qub vaklbakt h'bkspbrar lu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà ukasârba ha dlkgks dgktra ea sdfbsoa-+ Haux lks peus tlrh% be sapelb`klbt qua eas bkstrudtbgks ha e'aoparaur &prbkdbpleas mus/sbgkas" k'aussakt pls âtâ subvbas &lgót 129" 4

+ Kgus ka dgkklbs/sgks pls axldtaoakt el takaur ha das egbs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+H'lpræs eas leeusbgks hu plpa% aeeas havlbakt dgktakbr hasdelusas lklegùas ê daeeas has âhbts h'Fgkgrbus at ha Mustbkbak =

hâiaksaha ranlptbsar% h'grhgkkar luduk deard% ha dâeânrarluduk dueta+ E'aoparaur prasdrbvlbt ha râtlnebr plrtgut e'ukbtâ

raeb`bausa = h'gò ea dlkgk hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà qub% dattaoíoa lkkâa% oaklàl ha hâpgsbtbgk at ha dgkibsdltbgk has nbakstgut âvíqua dgkvlbkdu ha k'lvgbr pls supprboâ ea sdfbsoa hlkssgk hbgdæsa'/+

L das dgkstbtutbgks bopârbleas sa rlttldfa âtrgbtaoakt ukharkbar `rgupa ha hgduoakts = eas raquítas lhrassâas plr@râ`gbra ea @rlkh lux raprâsaktlkts hu pguvgbr sâduebar% pgurrâdeloar el strbdta gnsarvltbgk has egbs dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+Lu ogbs h'lgót 12<% ea plpa akvgyl uka raquíta ha da àkra ê@akklhbus% e'axlrqua h'Lirbqua% pgur e'axfgrtar ê lrrítar el

prgpl`lkha has sdfbsoltbquas 1+ Hlks eas lkkâas subvlktas% ê

peusbaurs raprbsas% be s'lhrassl lu oíoa parsgkklà pgurstbouear sgk zæea% qub ka iut mlolbs træs lrhakt3 be asslyl oíoa%slks suddæs% ha eub hgkkar has bkstrudtbgks pgur el eutta dgktraeas hbssbhakts 9

+ Be taktl has hâolrdfas lklegùas lupræs ha

Zlktleâgk% prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua = ak mubeeat 128% be eaprasslbt ha râprboar e'luhlda has Hgkltbstas% ha vabeear ê e'axâ/

dutbgk has kguvaeeas egbs bopârbleas <+ Olbs das igkdtbgkklbras%

raspgkslneas ha e'grhra punebd% at sgudbaux h'âvbtar eas dgopeb/dltbgks% oâklàlbakt peus gu ogbks guvartaoakteas Hgkltbstas%qu'bes vgylbakt sb bktrlbtlneas% at qub hgobklbakt legrs el Kuob/hba lvad el dgopebdbtâ tldbta gu e'lssaktboakt râsb`kâ h'ukaplrtba has âvíquas dltfgebquas+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh dgoprbt qua%saue% e'lutaur has egbs

pgurrlbt ak lssurare'lppebdltbgk+ H'gò

el raquíta sgeakkaeea qu'be akvgyl ê e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra%ak lgót 129+ Lu obebau has axfgrtltbgks at has dgopeboakts% ea

plpa èbsslbt uk raprgdfa hbsdrat = « Xl pbâtâ Târâkbssboa%

b" Apbst+% BY% 4>+ 1" Apbse+% B% 0>+>"enbh+% Y% 4+ 9" Bfbh+% BY% 03 YB% 12+4" Bnbh+% YB% 9<+ 0" Bnbh+% BY% 4>+8" Bfbh+% Y% 4+




hbslbt/be% s'ast vbvaoakt âoua ha e'fgrrbnea parvarsbtâ has

Hgkltbstas% plr dgksbhârltbgk ha mustbda% at plr zæea pgur elvrlba raeb`bgk = d'ast da qu'lttasta delbraoakt el takaur ha tas egbs

hbrb`âas dgktra aux+ Olbs has parsgkklàs râvârakhbssboas%has âvíquas vakus ha el prgvbkda h' Lirbqua% liibroakt qu'gklppgrta eê/nls% hlks e'lppebdltbgk ha das egbs% uka bkdurba% ukakâèbàkda bkdrgylnea+ Gk k'y rahguta oíoa pls ea muàoaktha Hbau% at% musqu'bdb% eas grhras ha e'aoparaur k'gkt au ludukaiiat+ Das âvíquas lmgutakt qua% hlks el hbta prgvbkda% eas

Hgkltbstas gntbakkakt tgut ê prbx h'lràkt% at qua el igb dltfg/

ebqua s'y vakh punebquaoakt lux akdfæras ³'+

El raquíta hâdgurl`âa hu plpa hâdbhl/t/aeea e'aoparaur ê

prgoueùar quaequa egb kguvaeea% gu% hu ogbks% ê akvgyar has

bkstrudtbgks igroaeeas pgur e'lppebdltbgk has egbs lktârbauras7Gk ka slurlbt hbra+ Ak tgut dls% el dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea ha 128at el raquíta ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh ak 129 sgkt eas harkbæras

pbædas dgkkuas hlks datta bktarobklnea sârba ha hgduoaktsgiibdbaes% qub% hapubs Dgkstlktbk musqu'ê Olurbda Xbnæra% lttasta

e'aeçgrt bktarobttakt% eas suddæs lpplrakts at e'bopubsslkdahâibkbtbva hu pguvgbr sâduebar% lu dgurs ha el eutta trgbs igbs

sâduelbra dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+

U" ApbsE% YB% 9<+





DFLZBXÂ BBB

EAT LDXAT HAT DGKDBEATHGKLXBTXATGQ LKXBHGKLXBTXAT

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Yua h'aksaonea+ ‘ Ebsta dfrgkgeg`bqua has dgkdbeas qub sa rlppgrtakt ê e'fbstgbrahu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ E'bkstbtutbgk sykghlea dfaz eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgk/dbeas ha el prgvbkda ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Dgkdbeas `âkârlux+

E'uka has sgurdas eas peus rbdfas ha e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoaast el sârba has hgduoakts raeltbis lux dgkdbeas+ Hæs ea obebauhu <<< a sbædea% eas râukbgks pârbghbquas h'âvíquas lvlbakt âtâ ak

Lirbqua e'uk has gr`lkas assaktbaes hu `guvarkaoakt ha e'Âèbsa+Ibhæeas ak dael% dgooa ak tgut% lux trlhbtbgks ha Dyprbak% eas

sdfbsoltbquas dgksarværakt datta lktbqua bkstbtutbgk% qub l mguâuk røea hâdbsbi hlks eaur fbstgbra+ Tb flut qu'gk raogkta gu sb

nls qu'gk hasdakha hlks eas lkkleas hu Hgkltbsoa% gk y rak/dgktra has dgkdbeas = hapubs eas peus egbktlbkas grb`bkas husdfbsoa musqu'lu taops ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh+ Zeusbaurs lkkâaslvlkt el ruptura% d'ast hlks el râukbgk âpbsdgplea ha Dbrtl quasa olkbiasta pgur el praobæra igbs e'asprbt sadtlbra h'gò sgrtbrl

e'Âèbsa kguvaeea' 3 at el ruptura ast dgksgooâa ak 4<>% ê Dlr/tbelà% plr uka lssaoneâa has âvíquas hbssbhakts >

+ Zeus tlrh%

d'ast tgumgurs hlks has dgkdbeas qua eas sdfbsoltbquas sa

dgoptakt% s'gr`lkbsakt pgur el eutta% hâvaegppakt eaur prgpl/`lkha% lrrítakt eas prbkdbpas ha eaur pgebtbqua at eas ogyaksh'ldtbgk 3 d'ast eê lussb qu'bes elkdakt e'lkltfæoa lux Dltfg/ebquas gu s'axdgooukbakt outuaeeaoakt+ At d'ast akdgra plrhas dgkdbeas qua eas Dltfgebquas sa hâiakhakt% prgsdrbvakt ea

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Zakhlkt eas trgbs sbædeas qu'l hurâ el eutta aktra eas hauxAèbsas lirbdlbkas% surtgut pakhlkt el pârbgha gò datta eutta l

<" Gptît% B% <83 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/ Apòt+ 84% >% 43 Lh Dltfgebdgs Ãpbstueldgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:+ dgktrl Hgkltbstls% >1% 04 3 Nravbd+ Dge/

>" Gptît% B% <1 at <2/>:3 Luùstbk elb+% <<<% <8% >9+

BY ><



4>> EA HGKLXBTOA

âtâ el peus vbva% d'ast/ê/hbra lu bv a sbædea at hlks eas praobæraslkkâas hu Ya

% eas lssaoneâas h'âvíquas ha e'uk gu ha e'lutra

plrtb% gu oíoa has hbiiâraktas sadtas hgkltbstas% eas dgkdbeasha tgut àkra raeltbis lu sdfbsoa% gkt hó ítra bkkgonrlneas+Naludgup kgus sgkt dgkkus 3 at kgus drgygks utbea h'ak hgkkar%hæs olbktaklkt% ea tlnealu h'aksaonea+ Ygbdb hgkd% hlks Xgrhradfrgkgeg`bqua% el ebsta ha tgus eas dgkdbeas hgkltbstas sur eas/

quaes kgus lvgks has raksab`kaoakts peus gu ogbks axpebdbtas%

at has dgkdbeas dltfgebquas qub% h'uka ilàgk gu h'lutra% gktdgonlttu ea sdfbsoa+

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4:1 &1 olrs_

+

4<>+ + + +

4<4 &> gdtgnra"4<8 {<. lgót"Yars 449 + +

Yars 48: + +

Yars 48< + +

Yars 484 + +

4<0+ + +

480 gu 486

Yars 486Yars 49>406+ +

Yars 46: + +

469 &9 mlkvbarLvlkt 42>+ +

42> +

424 &>8 mubk",

424 &6 gdtgnra"428 &>8 lvrbe"

Yars 429 + +

Yars/ 420 + +

420 +

420 &>6 lgót"422 &>0 lvrbe%

8:< &<9 mubk"+8:< &âtâ" + +

8:< &<4 saptaonra8:> &>0 lgóe8:4 &>1 lgót"8:4 &ibk ha e'lkkâa

8:8 &<9 mubk"+ +

8:1 &>4 lgót"+ +

8:0 &<4 mubk"+ +

8:6 &<9 mubk"+ +

8:6 &<4 gdtgnra"8<: &<8 mubk"+ +

8<< &>4 olb /0 mubk"

8<< &>1 olb/0 mubk"

8<< &</6 mubk" + +

^âukbgk âpbsdgplea ha Dbrtl+Dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ê DlrtflàDgkdbea ha ^goaDgkdbea h'LreasDgkdbea has >0: âvíquas ê DlrtflàTykgha prgvbkdble ha KuobhbaTykgha% prgvbkdble ha KuobhbaTykgha ha Tlrhbqua% qub lhrassl uka eattra ê Hg/

klt ha DlrtflàTykgha prgvbkdble ha Kuobhba

Tykghas prgvbkdblux ha ^yzldæka% ha Kuobhba% haOlurâtlkbaDgkdbea ha Dlrtflà sgus @rltusTykgha prgvbkdble ha XfdvastaDgkdbea rgolbk qub pgrtl pelbkta dgktra e'âvíqud

hgklebsta ha ^goaDgkdbea qub dgkhlokl XydgkbusDgkdbea ha ^goaDgkdbeas sdfbsolebquas grhgkklkt ha ranlptbsar tgut

dltfgebqua dgkvartbDgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha DlnlrsusslDgkdbea h'FbppgkaDgkdbea ha Nl`lçDgkdbea ha Dgkstlktbka '

Dgkdbea ha ObeavDgkdbea ha Xflou`lhbDgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha DlreflàDgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha ^goaDgkdbea ha DlreflàDgkdbea ha Obeav+ +

Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà,a sdfbsoltbqua qub rapgussl ea prgmat ha Dgk/

iârakda ++++Dgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+Dgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% râukb ê e'gddlsbgk ha el Dgk

iârakdaDgkdbea sdfbsoltbqua ha Dlrtflà% l e'gddlsbgk ha el

Dgkiârakda5 gkiârakda ha Dlrtflà aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkl

tbseas+

sdfbsoltbqua+dltfgebqua+

bh+

hgkltbsta+bh+

bh+

saob/lrbak+hgkltbsta+

dltfgebquas+bh+

hgkltbsta+

dltfgebqua+hgkltbsta+dltfgebqua+

hgkltbstas+olxboblubsea+

bh+

dltfgebqua%prboblkbsta+

bh+

bh+

bh+

dltfgebqua+bh+

bh+

bh+

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prboblkbsta+dltfgebqua+

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bh+

bh

bh+

bh+

prboblkbsta+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 4>4

8<> &<8 mubk"+ +

8<6 &>8 iâvrbar"+

8<6 &< ar olb"+ +

8<6 gu 8<2 + +

8<2 &>1 olb"+ +

Yars 8>> + + +

88912:12<12>124128128

129

Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+Dgkdbea ha NyzldækaDgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+Dgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha Kuobhba

+

Dgkdbea ha DâslrbakkaDgkdbea ha Kuobhba +

Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba

+

Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+Dgkdbea ha DlrtflàDgkdbea ha Kuobhba

+

Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+

dltfgebqua+bh+

bh+

hgkltbsta+dltfgebqua+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

bh+

Ygbeê hgkd peus ha dbkqulkta dgkdbeas qub sa rlppgrtakt ê

e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ Hlks datta ebsta% dgooa gk e'l vu%

ibùrakt has dgkdbeas ha tgut àkra = hgkltbstas gu dltfgebquas%

prboblkbstas gu olxboblkbstas% râ`bgklux gu `âkârlux+ Zlreê% da sbopea dltlegùa% gò eas lssaoneâas havíquas rbvlux sa

suddæhakt at s'gppgsakt hlks e'grhra has taops% ast uka bolà

lssaz ibhæea ha el oíeâa has plrtbs+H'lbeeaurs% hlks tguta e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka% e'bkstbtutbgk

sykghlea prâsaktlbt legrs prasqua eas oíoas trlbts+ Kgus kakgus lrrítargks pls bdb ê e'gr`lkbsltbgk has dgkdbeas dltfgebquas+

Kgus lvgks âtuhbâ prâdâhaooakt' daux hu <<< a sbædea% pubs dauxhu bv a

3 qulkt ê daux hu taops h'Luùstbk gu has pârbghas

subvlktas% bes ka kgus bktârassakt pgur ea ogoakt qua hlks el

oasura gò bes tgudfakt lu Hgkltbsoa+ Be kgus suiibrl hgkd ha

râsuoar nrbævaoakt da qua kgus slvgks sur eas dgkdbeas has

sdfbsoltbquas+Qka igbs ha peus% kgus surprakgks bdb e'asprbt dgksarvltaur

has Hgkltbstas+ Xlkhbs qua eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% lu dgurshu bv a sbædea% gr`lkbslbakt hâibkbtbvaoakt eaurs prgvbkdasaddeâsblstbquas at bkstbtulbakt plrtgut has sykghas râ`bgklux%eas sdfbsoltbquas s'ak taklbakt ê e'gr`lkbsltbgk aonrygkklbrahu taops ha Hbgdeâtbak+ Dgooa eas Dltfgebquas lu ogoakt ha

el ruptura% bes k'gkt mlolbs au qu'uka sauea prgvbkda addeâsbls/

tbqua = el Kuobhba+ Ak hafgrs ha datta dgktrâa% tgutas eaursÂèbsas raeavlbakt hbradtaoakt ha Dlrtflà+ Zlr subta% eas Hgkl/tbstas k'gkt dgkku qua haux aspædas h'lssaoneâas âpbsdgpleas =

eas sykghas prgvbkdblux ha Kuobhba% at eas dgkdbeas `âkârluxhu plrtb+

Ak rlbsgk ha el igrta daktrlebsltbgk ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua%eas dgkdbeas prgvbkdblux ha Kuobhba k'y gkt au qu'uka bopgr/

<" Fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka% t+ Be% p+ 8</993 t+ BBB% p+ >:1/>40+



4>8 EA HGKLXBTOA

tlkda sadgkhlbra+ Bes âtlbakt klturaeeaoakt dgkvgquâs at prâsb/

hâs plr ea prbolt ha el prgvbkda% qub% subvlkt el trlhbtbgk lirb/

dlbka% âtlbt sbopeaoakt ea hgyak has âvíquas% ea peus lkdbakplr el hlta h'grhbkltbgk+ Gk hgbt dgksbhârar prgnlneaoaktdgooa has dgkdbeas râ`bgklux eas dgkdbeas sdfbsoltbquastakus ak Kuobhba vars 48:/48< e

% ak 480-% vars 49> &Xfavasta" 4

%

vars 429/420 &@gkstlktbka at Obeav" 8 %ak 8<6/8<2 1+ Kgtgks pgur/

tlkt qu'be k'ast pls tgumgurs ildbea ha hbstbkùar eas dgkdbeaskuobhas% prgpraoakt hbts% has dgkdbeas `âkârlux sbâàlkt akKuobhba+

Dfaz eas Hgkltbstas% akdgra peus qua dfaz eas Dltfgebquas% ea

rgulà assaktbae hu `guvarkaoakt addeâsblstbqua âtlbt ea dgkdbea`âkârle hu plrtb &dgkdbefbo peaklrbuo gu ukbvarsaeea"-+ Easâvíquas hbssbhakts s'y rakhlbakt lvad aoprassaoakt ha tguseas pgbkts ha e'Lirbqua% h'lutlkt obaux qua% Kuobhba ê plrt% bes

k'lvlbakt pls ha sykghas prgvbkdblux+ D'ast uka has rlbsgkspgur easquaeeas bes sa sgkt rakdgktrâs ak sb `rlkh kgonra hlksdartlbkas ha eaurs lssaoneâas+ Ea dgkdbea `âkârle hu plrtb haHgklt sa râukbsslbt prasqua tgumgurs ê Dlrtflà% gò râsbhlbt

sgk dfai supríoa+ D'ast saueaoakt plr axdaptbgk% at pgur hasrlbsgks plrtbduebæras% qua has lssaoneâas peâkbæras gkt sbâ`âlbeeaurs+ Tb% ak 424% eas Olxboblkbstas gkt taku eaurs `rlkhaslssbsas ê Dlnlrsussl ak Nyzldæka 0

% d'ast qu'bes hgobklbakt hlksdatta prgvbkda% at qua% vguelkt hâpgsar ea prbolt% bes ka pgu/vlbakt ùæra sa rbsquar ê Dlrtflà% gò bes dgoptlbakt naludgupogbks ha plrtbslks+ Zlr dgktra% ak 428% sb eas Zrboblkbstas sa

hgkkærakt rakhaz/vgus êNl`lç ak Kuobhba 6% d'ast qua el Kuob/

hba âtlbt legrs el igrtarassa hu Zrboblkbsoa+ Lnstrldtbgk ilbtaha das dbrdgkstlkdas axdaptbgkkaeeas% Dlrtflà âtlbt ea sbæàgrhbklbra has `rlkhs dgkdbeas hu Hgkltbsoa = hlks datta vbeea

gkt hó sa takbr eas lssaoneâas peâkbæras hgkt gk k'bkhbqua plsea ebau+

Ea dgkdbea `âkârle has Hgkltbstas âtlbt dgkvgquâ at prâsbhâm"br e'âvíqua/prbolt ha Dlrtflà% pltrblrdfa at dfai tgut/pubsslktha e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta+ Gk raeæva% dapakhlkt% quaequas lkgolebaslpplraktas+ Hlks peusbaurs pbædas hu hgssbar ha 8<<% ea prboltha Dlrtflà% ea træs lutgrbtlbra Zrboblkus% dæha ea pls ê sgk

<" Gptît% BBB% 8+ 4% 03 Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <2% >>3 >1%

>% e'lssbg Olrdubb% p+ 09< Ob`ka SZlerge+ >6 3 BY% <:% <>3 4<% 46+eut+% t+ YBBB"+ 0" Tarog << bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+

Gptît% BB% bs+ 6" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 1>% 163 BY%

+ tlùsebk% Apbse+ 48% m+ <:% <>3 40% 88= &ealfb duo Aoarbeg% 23

1" Dgkerl @luhakebuo% B% 40% 80/86+ Apbse+ <8<% 9+

@" Dgkerl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% be%




dgeeæùa Blkulrblkus% prbolt ha Kuobhba% qub sb`ka ea praobar '

+

Be s'l`bt eê% drgygks/kgus% h'uka prâsâlkda puraoakt fgkgrb/ibqua% lddgrhâa lu peus lkdbak has haux prbolts% ak sguvakbr hurøea mguâ ê Dlrtflà plr Tadukhus ha Xb`bsb hlks eas grb`bkashu sdfbsoa >

+ Ak tgut dls% be k'ast pls hgutaux qua ea prbolt haDlrtflà% lu taops hu `rlkh Hgkltgu ha Zlroakblkus dgooalu taops ha Zrboblkus% lbt prâsbhâ tgumgurs eas lssaoneâaspeâkbæras% tgutas dgkvgquâas plr eub+ Das lssaoneâas axaràlbaktuka lutgrbtâ sguvarlbka = aeeas râèlbakt tgutas eas liilbras huplrtb% muàlbakt eas prgdæs ak lppae% axdgooukblbakt gu lokbs/tblbakt% hâpgslbakt has âvgquas 4

+ Aeeas mgulbakt% ak sgooa% ea

oíoa røea qua dfaz eas Dltfgebquas% olbs lvad peus ha rbùaurhlks ea igkh% at peus ha ruhassa hlks el igroa% dgooa be dgk/vaklbt dfaz has sadtlbras+

Hgkltbstas gu Dltfgebquas% das dgkdbeas gkt hâdbhâ ha e'grbak/

tltbgk at ha el hastbkâa has haux plrtbs+ E'fbstgbra ha e'Aèbsa

sdfbsoltbqua kgus l ogktrâ quaeea lvlbt âtâ eaur bopgrtlkda+Be s'l`bt olbktaklkt h'ak lkleysar eas hgssbars% qub% h'lbeeaurs%

kgus sgkt dgkkus træs bkâ`leaoakt+ Kgus âtuhbargks suddassbvaoakt% ê da pgbktha vua% eas dgkdbeas lktârbaurs lu taops h'Lu/ùstbk% pubs eas dgkdbeas hu taops h'Luùstbk at el Dgkiârakda ha8<<% akibk eas dgkdbeas pgstârbaurs+ Zgur dflqua pârbgha% lux hgs/

sbars hgkltbstas% kgus varrgks s'gppgsar has hgssbars dltfgebquas+

BB

Dgkdbeas lktârbaurs lu taops h'Luùstbk &4:4/42<"+ ‘ Zrgtgdgea haDbrtl hu 1 olrs4:1+ ‘ Dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ê Dlrtbelà ak 4<>+ // Zrgdæs/varnle has kâ`gdbl/tbgks lvad Dladbeblkus+ ‘ ^âqubsbtgbras+ ‘ Zrgdæs /varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs+ ‘Eattra sykghlea lux Aèbsas lirbdlbkas+ ‘ Dgkdbea has ><: âvgquas sdfbsoltbquas êDlrtflà% vars 449+ ‘ Tykghas hgkltbstas ha Kuobhba% vars 48:/48<+ ‘ Dgkdbeahgkltbsta ha Kuobhba% ak 480+ ‘ Tykgha hgklebsta ha Xfavasta% vars 49>+ ‘Dgkdbea hgkltbsta% vars 46:+ ‘ Lutras sykghas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Dgkdbeas dltfg/ebquas dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha ^goa hu > gdtgnra 4<4+ ‘ Eattrasqub s'y rlppgrtakt+ ‘ Ldtas hu dgkdbea+ ‘ ^âqubsbtgbra has sdfbsoltbquas lirb/

dlbks+ ‘ Taktakda hu plpa Obetblha+ ‘ ^lppgrt ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Dgkdbeah'Lreas hu e ap lgót 4<8+ ‘ Eattras qub s'y rlttldfakt+ ‘ Dlkgks at eattra sykg/hlea lu plpa Tbevastra+ ‘ Tykghas lirbdlbks% ak 480/486+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàsgus @rltus% vars 486+

‘Dlkgks raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+

‘Dgkdbea rgolbk ha

406+ ‘ Zelbkta dgktra e'âvæqua hgkltbsta ha ^goa+ ‘ Dgkdbea rgolbk ha 469+

‘ Eattra sykghlea lux âvgquas lirbdlbks+

L el praobæra pârbgha% daeea qub prâdæha ea sdfbsoa olxb/oblkbsta at eas hânuts ha el dlopl`ka h'Luùstbk% sa rlppgrtakt

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <83 <86/<823 ebstls% >1% 043 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8%

<103 >:63 BBB% >16+.

>9+

>" Gptît% <% <23 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >% 4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtta+rls Zatbeblkb%

43 Lh Dlefgebdgs Apbseuel dgktrl Hgkl/ BB% >9% 9<3 <<<% 48% 8:3 Dgktrl Drasdg/



4>9 EA HGKLXBTOA

uka qubkzlbka ha dgkdbeas% eas uks hgkltbstas% eas lutras dltfg/ebquas+ Tur el peuplrt h'aktra aux% kgus k'lvgks qua has hgk/kâas sgoolbras+ Olbs pgur quaequas/uks% at prâdbsâoakt pgurdaux qub gkt axardâ e'ldtbgk el peus hâdbsbva% daux qub plr subtagkt âtâ sguvakt leeâùâs hlks eas dgktrgvarsas% kgus pgssâhgksakdgra% sbkgk has Ldtas prgpraoakt hbts% hu ogbks has pbædaslutfaktbquas% gu has irlòakts% at has raksab`kaoakts axpeb/

dbtas% qub paroattakt h'ak radgkstbtuar lssaz axldtaoakt ea

hgssbar+

Kgus dgooakdargks klturaeeaoakt plr el sârba has dgkdbeas

sdfbsoltbquas% hgkt eas peus lkdbaks gkt prâplrâ gu hâdbhâ elruptura+ Kgus ka ravbakhrgks pls sur ea Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl% hu1 olrs 4:1% qub l âtâ prâdâhaooakt lkleysâ+ Tb prâdbausa at

sb bkstrudtbva qua sgbt datta pbæda% gò sa trlfbssakt el dgksdbakdabkqubæta at e'asprbt sadtlbra has iuturs sdfbsoltbquas% kgus lvgksogktrâ qua eas Ldtas ha da prâtakhu « Dgkdbea ha Dbrtl ³ sa

rlppgrtakt% kgk pls ê uk vârbtlnea dgkdbea% olbs ê uk `rguparastrabkt h'âvíquas% râukbs sbopeaoakt% saegk e'uslà% pgure'grhbkltbgk h'uk dgeeæùa <

+ Da sgkt eas dbrdgkstlkdas% d'ast

e'aiilraoakt ha das prâelts dgoprgobs hlks el parsâdutbgk% at

bkqubats hu eakhaolbk% qub gkt hgkkâ uka vleaur fbstgrbqua ê

da nlkle prgtgdgea h'grhbkltbgk% prâdâhâ at dgopebquâ h'ukaxloak ha dgksdbakdas âpbsdgpleas+ D'ast hgkd saueaoakt pguroâogbra qua kgus oaktbgkkgks bdb ea dâeænra hgduoakt haDbrtl+ Ak râlebtâ% el sârba has dgkdbeas sdfbsoltbquas s'guvraplr ea hgssbar ha e'lssaoneâa has âvíquas hbssbhakts% ê Dlrtflà%ak 4<>+

Gk ka slurlbt trgp ra`rattar el parta ha da iloaux hgssbar%qub ibùrlbt ak plrtba hlks e'Lppakhbda h'Gptlt 4

% at qub l âtâ sb

sguvakt dbtâ hlks eas dgktrgvarsas+ Faurausaoakt% Gptît%

Luùstbk% ea prgdæs/varnle ha 8<<% kgus raksab`kakt lssaz nbaksur eas sâlkdas ha da dgkdbea% sur eas quastbgks sgueavâas at eas

bkdbhakts% sur eas hâdbsbgks prbsas% sur eas hgduoakts qub s'y

rlppgrtlbakt at hgkt quaequas irlòakts kgus sgkt plrvakus 4+

Ea praobar dgkdbea has hbssbhakts dgoptlbt akvbrgk sgbxlkta/

hbx âvgquas% tgus gu prasqua tgus kuobhas+ Be iut dgkvgquâ ê

kbuo% BY% 8% 13 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% 4" Gptît% B% <1 at <2/>:3 Dgeelb+ Dlr/>:3 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <>2/<4:= >:< at tfl`+% BBB% 48.,3 41< ut subv+ 3 Luùstbk%subv+ Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >93 <9% >63 Lh

<" Gptît% B% <83 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dras/ Hgklebsels pgst Dgeelb+% >>% 463 Dgktrldgkbuo% BBB% >0% 4:+‘ Di+ Fbstgbra ebttâ/ Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >6% 4> 3 BY% 0% 23 Apbs t+

rlbra ha YLirbtmua dfrâtbakka% t+ BBB% 84%>% 4 ae [ubv+ 3 <8<% 93 Dgktrbt Iueqak/p+ egb+ Fuk% Hgklebst+% >ti+

>" Gptlb% B% >:+




Dlrtflà at prâsbhâ plr ea prbolt ha Kuobhba% Tadukhus ha

Xb`bsb<

+

Ea dfgbxsaue hu ebau

has sâlkdasiut uka hâdelrltbgk

ha ùarra lu kguvae âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ Ea dgkdbea raiusl ha

sbâàr% subvlkt e'uslà% hlks e'âèbsa âpbsdgplea% sgus el prâsb/

hakda ha Dladbeblkus% havaku plr sl râdakta grhbkltbgk ea dfai

ha tguta e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka = pgur râsarvar sl ebnartâ% d'ast/ê/

hbra pgur liibroar sl hâiblkda% be sa râukbt hlks uka olbsgkplrtbduebæra &bk hgouo prbvltlo" U Gk ka paut ibxar axldtaoakt

el hlta = lu tâogb`klà h'Luùstbk qub eas ebslbt akdgra ak

aktbar% eas Ldtas oíoas hu dgkdbea ka dgktaklbakt e'bkhbdltbgk

kb ha e'lkkâa dgksuelbra kb hu mgur 4+ Dapakhlkt% h'lpræs el

subta has âvâkaoakts% gk lrrbva ê uka lpprgxboltbgk suiibslkta+

Ea dgkdbea ast lktârbaur ê el raquíta has hbssbhakts at lu rlppgrt

hu prgdgksue Lkuebkus% hltâ hu <1 lvrbe 4<4-+ Be ast klturaeea/

oakt pgstârbaur% olbs ha pau% ê e'âeadtbgk ha Dladbeblkus+ Datta

âeadtbgk aut ebau vars el ibk ha 4<< = aeea subvbt ha præs uka sârba

h'âvâkaoakts fbstgrbquas qub sa hârgueærakt datta lkkâa/eê%

tgus ak rlppgrt eas uks lvad eas lutras% el dgkquíta ha e'Lirbqua

plr eas trgupas ha Olxakda at el dfuta hu `guvarkaoakt haHgobtbus Leaxlkhar lu prbktaops ha 4<<% ea sld ha Dlrtflà

at el hâvlstltbgk ha el dgktrâa plr eas vlbkquaurs% ea plopfeathu hbldra Iâebx dgktra Olxakda at sas ngurralux% ea vgylà ê

^goa at el ogrt ha e'âvíquaOaksurbus% akibk e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda

prgoueùâ plr Olxakda pgur lplbsar eas asprbts at rleebar eas

dfrâtbaks dgktra Dgkstlktbk hâmê oaklàlkt 6+ Ha el subta has

ilbts% be râsueta âvbhaooakt qua eas âvíquas hbssbhakts sa sgkt

râukbs ê Dlrtflà hlks ea dgurlkt ha e'lkkâa 4<>+

Datta lssaoneâa l sgk fbstgbra giibdbaeea at sgk fbstgbra

sadræta+ Daeea/db kgus ast dgkkua plr eas bkhbsdrâtbgks h'Gptlt%

h'Luùstbk% has @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo+ Gk slbt qua eas

Kuobhas iurakt eas bkstruoakts% peus gu ogbks dgksdbakts%

h'uka pubsslkta dgtarba egdlea3 qu'bes iurakt lppaeâs at pgussâs

plr Hgklt% plr eas prítras Ngtrus at Dlaeastbus% surtgut plr el

oltrgka Eudbeel% qub ldfatl ha sas hakbars uka plrtba has

âvíquas 9+ Olbs% klturaeeaoakt% tlkhbs qua eas Kuobhas l`bs/

slbakt% eas àks flnbeas qub taklbakt eas ibes ha e'bktrbùa ras/

<" Gptît% B% <23 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% Lirbqua &hlks eas Oâogbras has Lktb/

<<<% <8% >9+ qulbrasha Irlkda% t+EVB &<2::"% p+ </>>"+

>" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 9% <6+ 9" @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo% p+ <62 at

4" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >9+ <28/<29 ]bwsl 3 Gptît% B% <6/<23 Luùs/

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% ><1/>>: 3 Lu/ tbk% Apbst+ 84%9% <0 3 84% 2% >93 Lh Dlefg/

ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >+ ebdgs Apbstuel dgktrl Hgkltbsels% >1%

1" Gptît% B% <0/<2+ ‘ Di+ Olurbda% Oâ/ 043 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >6% 4>3 >2%

ogbra sur el râvgeta h'Leaxlkhra ak 44+



4>6 EA HGKLXBTOA

tærakt hlks e'gonra+ Eas Ldtas hu dgkdbea rldgktlbakt sauea/

oakt e'fbstgbra giibdbaeea has sâlkdas+ Das Ldtas dgopraklbakttgut uk `rgupa ha hgduoakts% hgkt kgus pgssâhgks akdgra hasirlòakts% at qua e'gk paut delssar lbksb = <º prgdæs/varnle haskâ`gdbltbgks prâebobklbras lvadDladbeblkus3 >º prgdæs/varnluxhas akquítas at has râqubsbtgbras dgktra Dladbeblkus gu sas

plrtbslks 3 4º prgdæs/varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs ha dflduk hasoaonras hu dgkdbea 3

8º prgdæs/varnle has hâdbsbgks prbsas31º eattras sykghleas lux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas+

Ea prgdæs/varnle has kâ`gdbltbgks prâebobklbras lvad Dladb/

eblkus âtlbt uk hgduoakt lssaz dgopeaxa+ Be dgktaklbt h'lngrhuka sgooltbgk lhrassâa ê e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% qu'gk oattlbtak haoaura ha sa prâsaktar havlkt ea dgkdbea pgur sa mustbibar <

+

Dladbeblkus râpebqul plr uka sgooltbgk ak saks bkvarsa% qubiut dgksb`kâa lu prgdæs/varnle = « Be bkvbtl sas dgeeæùas ê vakbrpræs ha eub% kgus hbt Luùstbk = aux/oíoas gkt hó ea dgkstltarhlks ea hâdrat ha eaur dgkdbea% hâdrat qu'bes prgoueùæraktdgktra eub ³ >

+ Gptît kgus l dgksarvâ uka pfrlsa ha datta sgo/oltbgk = « Legrs% hbt/be% Dladbeblkus olkhl ê sas lhvarslbras =

Tb e'gk l quaequa prauva ê prghubra dgktra ogb% qua e'lddusl/taur sa prâsakta% at qu'be prguva ³+ Eas âvíquas hbssbhaktsrâpgkhbrakt hâhlb`kausaoakt qua el dgkvgdltbgk âtlbt kueea%

vaklkt h'uk bktrus% Dladbeblkus plrut sa râsb`kar ê uka bopgr/tlkta dgkdassbgk% qu'be kgtbibl lu dgkdbea plr uk sadgkh oas/slà+ « Ha kguvalu% kgus hbt/gk% Dladbeblkus olkhl lux âvíquas=Tb e'grhbkltbgk dgkiârâa plr Iâebx k'ast pls vlelnea% dgooavgus ea paksaz% af nbak, vakaz o'grhgkkar dgooa sb m'âtlbs

akdgra hbldra ³+ Datta prgpgsbtbgk bklttakhua% qub hgkkl be

sltbsildtbgk ê tgus% bkqubâtl eas bktrlksbàlkts = hâdbhâs h'lvlkdaê el ruptura% bes gsærakt ak peabk dgkdbea hâolsquar eaur vrlbhassabk+ Ea sbkbstra Zurpurbus ha Eboltl sa dflràl ha dgupardgurt lu prgmat ha dgkdbebltbgk = « Af nbak , hbt/be% qua Dladb/eblkus vbakka bdb = sgus prâtaxta ha eub bopgsar eas olbks pgurel dgksâdrltbgk âpbsdgplea% qu'gk eub dlssa el títa pgur sl pâkb/takda 4

³+ Be vl slks hbra qua da prgpgs lrrítl eas kâ`gdbltbgks+

Dladbeblkus raiusl hâibkbtbvaoakt ha dgoplrlëtra havlkt eadgkdbea = tgus eas ibhæeas ha sgk Aèbsa% hbt Gptît% e'aopídfæraktha sa ebvrar lux nrb`lkhs 8

+ At ea praobar prgdæs/varnle iut degs+

D'ast hgkd plr dgktuolda quaiut mu`â Dladbeblkus+ Qk sadgkhhgduoakt dgktaklbt ea dgopta/rakhu has akquítas at has râqubsb/

<" Gptît% B% <23 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/ 4" Gptît% B% <2+

elb+% Oe% <8% >9+ 8" Bnbh+% <%<23 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+%

d >" Luùstbk% Dgkerl Drasdgkbuo% eU %<

%

2+ BBB% <8% >93 <9% >2+




tgbras &dg`kbtbg" <+ Ea dgkdbea bkstrubsbt ea prgdæs% kgk saueaoakt

ha Dladbeblkus% olbs akdgrahas trgbs âvíquas qub e'lvlbaktgrhgk/kâ+ Dgktra Dladbeblkus% gk prghubsbt tgutas sgrtas ha `rbais+

Tubvlkt Gptît% gk k'ak ratbkt qu'uk saue = sgk grhbkltbgk plr

uk trlhbtaur >+ Dapakhlkt% h'lpræs ea taxta has Ldtas qub iut

dgooukbquâ ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà iut

dgkhlokâ pgur haux rlbsgks+ L datta Dgkiârakda% kgus hbt/gk%

« eas Hgkltbstas eurakt eas pbædas hu dgkdbea% h'akvbrgk sgbxlkta/

hbx âvíquas% taku ê Dlrtflà dgktra Dladbeblkus+ Daeub/db iut

dgkhlokâ ak sgk lnsakda% lttakhu qu'be k'lvlbt pls vgueu vakbr

varsaux+ Gk ea dgkhlokl sgus prâtaxta qu'be lvlbt âtâ grhgkkâplr hastrlhbtaurs% at plrda qu'gk e'ldduslbt h'lvgbr% âtlkthbldra%

aopídfâ eas ibhæeas ha pgrtar has vbvras lux olrtyrs aoprb/

sgkkâs ³ 4+ Gk s'axpebqua lbsâoakt qua ea sadgkh `rbai lbt âtâ

sguvakt kâèb`â = be âtlbt igkhâ saueaoakt sur has rldgktlrs%

hâmê lkdbaks% qub lvlbakt trlvastb ea røea hbsdbpebklbra mguâ plr

e'lrdfbhbldra pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk 8+ Ak râlebtâ% ea praobar

`rbai lvlbt saue quaequa lpplrakda = has àks sdrupueaux pgu/

vlbakt lvgbr has hgutas sur el vlebhbtâ h'uka dgksâdrltbgk ilbtaplr has bkhb`kas+ Be lvlbt hgkd ileeu âtlnebr e'bkhb`kbtâ has trgbs

âvíquas qub lvlbakt prâsbhâ ê e'grhbkltbgk = h'gò uka akquítadgopeâoaktlbra sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% Kgvaeeus ha Xyzbdl%

Ilustbkus ha Xfunurng+ Gk lvlbt leeâùâ dgktra aux has hgdu/oakts giibdbaes &@astî punebdl"% peus gu ogbks lutfaktbquas% gòe'gk prâtakhlbt trguvar el prauva ha eaur ilbneassa lu taops has

parsâdutbgks 4+ Dgktra Kgvaeeus at Ilustbkus% eas dflràs ka

havlbakt pls ítra nbak sârbausas = hâsgrolbs% dgooa ea raolrquaLuùstbk% gk eas elbssl trlkqubeeas 9

+ Lu dgktrlbra% gk s'ldflrkl

hæs egrs% at pakhlkt has lkkâas% dgktra Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% qub

iut lddusâ ak peabk dgkdbea h'ítra « el sgurda ha tgus eas olux ³ '%

at qub kâlkogbks havlbt ítra prgdeloâ bkkgdakt ea <1 iâvrbar

4<8% lpræs uka akquíta lpprgigkhba% plrel saktakda hu prgdgk/sue Aeblkus 6

+ Xae ka iut pls e'lvbs has âvíquas hbssbhakts râu/

kbs ê Dlrtflà ak 4<>+ Ygbdb dgooakt Luùstbk râsuoa el plr/

tba has Ldtas hu dgkdbea gò âtlbakt vbsâs eas dgksâdrltaurs ha

Dladbeblkus = « Âtlbakt kgooâs lussb dartlbks dgeeæùas haDladbeblkus+ Gk liibrolbt qu'bes âtlbakt has trlhbtaurs% ak bkvg/

<" Gptît% <% >: 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/ 1" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<% <8% >9+

elt+% BBB% <8% >9 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dge/ 9" Lh Hgkltbstls pgse Dgeeît+% >>% 46+

elt+% >>% 46+ 0" Apbît+ 66% 43 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB%

>" Gptît% e% >:+ <8% >9+

4" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >9+ 6" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ >:8

b" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <0 at >: Nleuza 3 ]bwsl 3 Gptît% B% >03 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/

Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 1% <8/<1+ elt+% BBB% >8%[8>+



44: EA HGKLXBTOA

qulkt has @asel punbb+dk = dapakhlkt gk ka ebslbt pls das @astl+

Zlrob das âvgquas% d'ast surtgut Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb qub âtlbt

lddusâ lvad vbgeakda3 gk leelbt musqu'ê hbra qu'be âtlbt el sgurdaha tgus eas olux ³ '+ Ak râsuoâ% ea prgdæs/varnle has akquítashu dgkdbea ha 4<> dgopraklbt haux plrtbas% h'lbeeaurs âtrgbta/

oakt ebâas e'uka ê e'lutra = gk prâtakhlbt âtlnebr e'bkhb`kbtâ hasas dgksâdrltaurs% lu ogbks ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% pgur ak dgk/deura qua e'âeadtbgk ha @ladbeblkus âtlbt kueea+

Eas akquítas tarobkâas% gk prgdâhl lu vgta+ L da ogoakt%e'gk put drgbra qua e'asprbt ha Dyprbak pelklbt sur datta lssaoneâa

ha sadtlbras% príta ê hâdflëkar ea sdfbsoa+ Zgur hgkkar peus hasgeakkbtâ at h'lutgrbtâ ê eaurs hâdbsbgks% eas hbssbhakts ha 4<>lhgptærakt el prgdâhura subvba% sur el prgpgsbtbgk ha Dyprbak%hlks e'liilbra hu nlptíoa has fârâtbquas% plr ea `rlkh dgkdbea hu< ar saptaonra >19 = lppaes kgobkltbis% vgtas ogtbvâs >

+ « Dfldukê sgk tgur% kgus hbt/gk% hgkkl sgk lvbs3 lvlkt tgus% Tadukhus haXb`bsb% qub prâsbhlbt3 pubs% tgus eas lutras+ Xgus hâdelrærakt igr/

oaeeaoaktqu'besk'âtlbakt pls ak dgooukbgk lvad Dladbeblkus at

sas dgeeæùas ³ 4+ Gk hrassl ea prgdæs/varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs ha

tgus eas oaonras hu dgkdbea+ El pbæda ast parhua3 olbs gk pauts'ak ilbra uka bhâa lssaz axldta h'lpræs ea oghæea% eas Taktakeblaapbsdgpgruo ha >19+ H'lbeeaurs% kgus pgssâhgks akdgra hasirlòakts hu hgduoakt ha 4<>+ Luùstbk oaktbgkka eas vgtasha Tbevlkus ha Dbrtl% ha Tadukhus ha Xb`bsb% at has lutrasâvíquas qub lvlbakt lssbstâ prâdâhaooakt ê el râukbgk ha 4:1%« das trlhbtaurs qub lvad h'lutras% ê Dlrtflà% gkt vgtâ dgktraDladbeblkus at sas plrtbslks3 plrob aux% Tbevlkus ha Dbrtl ³UE'uk has vgtas ogtbvâs hu dgkdbea ha 4<> kgus l âtâ dgksarvâbktâ`rleaoakt% daeub h'uk dartlbk Olrdblkus% qub plrel ak das

taroas = « Hlks sgk Avlk`bea% ea Tab`kaur l hbt = Ma subs el vrlba

vb`ka% at ogk Zæra ast ea vb`kargk+ Xguta nrlkdfa qub ak ogbka pgrta pls ha irubt% be el dguparl at el mattarl3 tguta nrlkdfaqub rasta at pgrta hu irubt% be râogkha &Malk% Avlk`+%<1% </>"+

Af nbak , ha oíoa qua eas nrlkdfas stârbeas sgkt dgupâas at

matâas% ha oíoa eas nróeaurs h'akdaks% eas trlhbtaurs% at daux

qub hlks ea sdfbsoa sgkt grhgkkâs plr eas trlhbtaurs% tgus daux/eê Ha pauvakt rastar hlks e'Âèbsa ha Hbau% ê ogbks qu'bes ka sa

ilssakt radgkklëtra plr eaurs drbs ha hâtrassa at ka sgbaktrâdgkdbebâs plr el pâkbtakda+ D'ast pgurqugb be ka ilut pls ítra

ak dgooukbgk lvad Dladbeblkus% qub l âtâ grhgkka hlks ea

<" cuùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <8% >tM+ 4" Luùstbk% Fravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <8% >9+>" Takeaktbla apbsdgpgruo ea flarat+ 8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% ><% 4<+

nlpebz+ luk+ >3Mt;% prgu%%%



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 44<

sdfbsoa plr has trlhbtaurs ³'+ Dbtltbgk nbnebqua% liibroltbgkh'uk prbkdbpa% lppebdltbgk ê el dbrdgkstlkda prâsakta = taes sgkteas âeâoakts ha da vgta ogtbvâ% qub pgur el igroa% sbkgk pgurea igkh% rlppaeea dartlbkas Taktæktbla hu dgkdbea ha Dyprbak+\u'gk suppgsa râpâtâ sgbxlkta/hbx igbs% lvad quaequas vlrblktas%ea patbt hbsdgurs ha Olrdblkus = at e'gk lurl eas Taktæktblaapbsdgpgruo ha 4<>+

Ha das vgtas uklkboas sgrtbrakt eas hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea%dgksb`kâas hlks uk prgdæs/varnle% hgkt gk ka paut hbra s'be

igrolbt uka pbæda bkhâpakhlkta% gu el dgkdeusbgk has Taktæktbla%

gu uka lkkaxa+ Ha tguta ilàgk% gk râsuol hlks uka sârbah'lrtbdeas eas râsgeutbgks ha e'lssaoneâa at eas oasuras prbsas =

hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus% gu peutøt% lkkueltbgk ha sgk grhbkl/tbgk radgkkua vbdbausa% oíoa ha sgk âeadtbgk% qub lvlbtâtâ dgktastâa ê Dlrtflà% beeâ`leaoakt prâdbpbtâa% ilbta « ake'lnsakda has Kuobhas ³ at hu prbolt ha Kuobhbd 4

3 hâdelrltbgkh'bkhb`kbtâ dgktra Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 3 axdgooukbdltbgk ha Dla/dbeblkus% ha Iâebx at ha eaurs plrtbslks3 âeadtbgk at grhbkltbgkha Olmgrbkus

dgooaâvíqua ha Dlrtflà at dfai ha e'Âèbsa

h'Lirbqua 3 akvgb h'uka eattra sykghlea ê tgutas eas dgoou/klutâs lirbdlbkas% pgur eaur kgtbibar das lrríts &hadratko" 4

+

Datta eattra sykghlea âtlbt el peus pgpuelbra has pbædas huhgssbar+ Eas âvíquas hbssbhakts% hbt Gptît% « akvgyærakt plrtguthas axaopelbras h'uka eattra âdrbta sgus el hbdtâa ha e'akvba =

eattra qua kgus hgkkgks ê el ibk hu ebvra lvad eas lutras hgdu/oakts+ Atlkt akdgra ê Dlrtflà% bes sa ibrakt prâdâhar ha eaurs

eattras% libk ha èbssar hlks tgutas eas grabeeas ha ilussas

ruoaurs+ El rakgooâa râplkhbt ea oaksgkà hlks eas igueas ³ 8+

Luùstbk kgus hbt lussb « qu'lpræs da dgkdbea sâhbtbaux at tur/

nueakt ha Tadukhus ha Xb`bsb ê Dlrtflà% dgkdbea gò uka iaooakgnea% Eudbeel% lvlbt obs ak Ŕuvra el dgrruptbgk% dgooa ea râ víelpeus tlrh uka akquíta muhbdblbra% has eattras iurakt akvgyâashlks prasqua tguta e'Lirbqua% plrtgut gò lvlbakt àroâ hasÂèbsas hu Dfrbst% at qu'gk lmgutl igb lux eattras hu dgkdbea ³ UIlut/be bhaktbibar datta eattra sykghlea lvad eas hgduoakts qub

iurakt dgooukbquâs ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<<% lvad « ea hâdrat surel dgkhlokltbgk ha Dladbeblkus ³ qua oaktbgkkakt eas Dlpbtuel@astgruo 9

% lvad « ea dgkdbea eu plr eas Hgkltbstas ³ hgkt plrea

<" Dgktrl Iueqaktbuo Hgkltbst+ %>9+ 8" Gptît% B% >:+

>" Gptît% B% <63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84%9% 1" Luùstbk% Lh Dltebgebdgs Apbseuel<03 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <9% >2+ dgktrl Hgkltbsels% >1% 04+

4" Gptît% B% <2/>:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ 9" Dgeelb+ Dlr tfl`+% BBB% 480 {DlpbtuelDgeeît+% <<<% <8% >9+ @astgruo"+



44> EA HGKLXBTOA

peus tlrh Luùstbk '7 D'ast pgssbnea3 olbs da k'ast pls dartlbk+

Gk l quaequa pabka ê lhoattra qu'uka sbopea eattra sykghlea%

hastbkâa ê el prgpl`lkha% at kâdasslbraoakt lssaz dgurta% lbt

pu raprghubra bktâ`rleaoakt tgut ea hgssbar ha 4<>% kgtlooakteas sgbxlkta/hbx vgtas ogtbvâs+ Ak gutra% be ast ê raolrquar quaea hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt hu dgkdbea iut prghubt plr eas Hgkl/tbstas ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8< >

% tlkhbs qua el eattra ibùrlbt hapubsegk`taops hlks ea hgssbar dltfgebqua h'Gptlt 4

+ H'lpræs dael% gkast taktâ ha hbstbkùar aktra eas haux hgduoakts+ El eattra luxÂèbsas lirbdlbkas lurlbt dgktaku sbopeaoakt uk prgdæs/varnle

sgoolbra has akquítas sur Dladbeblkus at Iâebx% hu râsuetlt hasvgtas% at has hâdbsbgks prbsas% hâpgsbtbgk ha Dladbeblkus% âead/

tbgk at grhbkltbgk ha Olmgrbkus+ Xlkhbs qua eas Ldtas hu dgkdbealeelbakt hgrobr hlks eas lrdfbvas% ak lttakhlkt e'faura has`rlkhas dgktrgvarsas% el eattra sykghlea% learta dgooa ukplopfeat% dgurlbt e'Lirbqua pgur el dgkquíta has igueas+

Ea dgkdbea ha 4<> hut ítra subvb ha nbak h'lutras% gò eas

Hgkltbstas s'gr`lkbslbakt% sa dgkdartlbakt pgur el prgpl`lkha%pgur e'lttlqua gu pgur el hâiaksa+ Eas raquítas ê Dgks/tlktbk ak 4<4 at ak 4><% e'akvgb ha hâeâ`ltbgks pgur eas prgdæsha ^goa% h'Lreas gu ha Obelk% eas prgtastltbgks dgktra eas muà/oakts rakhus% tgut dael plrlët bopebquar el dgkvgdltbgk at

e'bktarvaktbgk h'lssaoneâas `âkârleas hu plrtb+ Olbs ha daslssaoneâas% hgkt gk paut havbkar ea røea% ea sguvakbr oíoas'ast parhu+ Be ilut lttakhra peus ha vbk`t lks pgur raeavar akLirbqua el trlda dartlbka h'uk kguvalu dgkdbea sdfbsoltbqua+

Be s'l`bt h'uk lutra dgkdbea dâeænra% dgkku bkhbradtaoakt plr

ea tâogb`klà ha Xydgkbus qua dbta Luùstbk+ Kgus havgkstrlhubra bdb da taxta% qu'be ast bkhbspakslnea h'lvgbr sgus eas

yaux pgur hâtarobkar el hlta ha el râukbgk âpbsdgplea+ Luùs/tbk hbt lux Hgkltbstas = « Ygbdb da qu'âdrbt Xydgkbus% uk fgooa%ma ea râpæta% ha vgtra dgooukbgk+ Be rlppgrta qua haux daktsgbxlkta/hbx âvíquas ha vgtra plrtb tbkrakt uk dgkdbea ê Dlr/tbelà+ Da dgkdbea sbâàl pakhlkt sgbxlkta/qubkza mgurs = kâèb/àlkt tgutas eas hbspgsbtbgks lktârbauras% be âelngrl uk hâdrat%hgkt be pasl eas taroas% at ak vartu huquae eastrlhbtaurs% ole`râtgus eas `rbais% s'bes raiuslbakt ha sa elbssar ranlptbsar% havlbaktítra lhobs ê el dgooukbgk slks luduka râsarva+ Hautarbus haOldrblkl% âvíqua ha vgtra Aèbsa% hbt akdgra Xydgkbus% râukbtê sl dgoouklutâ el iguea has trlhbtaurs = saegk eas stltuts ha

<" Luùstbk% Nbavbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <8% >9+ skbv+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 48<3 41< de 4" Gptît% <% >:+





448 EA HGKLXBTOA

slkt ê uk râsuetlt lnsurha% gk lurlbt hó sa haolkhar sb ea taxta

k'lvlbt pls sunb quaequa letârltbgk+ L kgtra lvbs% el dgrradtbgk

astildbea = VB

luebau ha

VE'+

Eadgkdbea l sbâ`â gkza lks

lvlktel parsâdutbgk ha 480 = hgkd ak 449+ Datta dgkdeusbgk dgkibroaeas lutras bkhbdltbgks hu taxta% qub kgus dgkhubslbakt varsXlkkâa 441+ Hæs egrs% tgut havbakt delbr = ak 449% Hgklt âtlbt

ea dfai hu plrtb% e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta pguvlbt dgoptar præs hatrgbs dakts dgoouklutâs% at Xydgkbus l pu dgkklëtra hlkseaur vbabeeassa eas harkbars tâogbks ha dat îà h'gr hu Hgkl/tbsoa+

D'ast hgkd ak 449 qu'l sbâ`â pakhlkt sgbxlkta/qubkza mgurs%

ê Dlrtflà% ea dgkdbea has haux dakt sgbxlkta/hbx âvíquas+Zlrob eas hâdbsbgks ha e'lssaoneâa &stltutl dgkdbebb"% uka saueakgus ast dgkkua 3 olbs aeea ast igrt bopgrtlkta+ D'âtlbt e'lutgrb/

sltbgk h'lhoattra ê el dgooukbgk% slks luduka râsarva% hlkstgutas eas dgoouklutâs hgkltbstas% eas Dltfgebquas dgkvartbsqub ka vguelbakt pls sa prítar ê el dârâogkba h'uk kguvalunlptíoa >

+ Datta tgeârlkda âtlbt ak dgktrlhbdtbgk lvad ea prbk/dbpa qub lvlbt prâvleu musqua/eê% at qub peus tlrh rahavbkt el

ræèa+ Olbs el dgkdassbgk âtlbt flnbea+ Aeea akeavlbt lux Dltfg/ebquas uk ha eaurs prbkdbplux `rbais+ Aeea ildbebtlbt el prgpl/`lkha hgkltbsta ak supprbolkt ea `rlkh gnstldea lux dgkvar/sbgks% surtgut hlks eas hbgdæsas gò be k'y lvlbt peus ha dear`âgiibdbae+ Da sgkt% saonea/be% eas âvíquas hbssbhakts ha Olurâtl/kba qub râdeloærakt dgktra e'gneb`ltbgk hu sadgkh nlptíoa at

qub gntbkrakt el râigroa hbsdbpebklbra 3 da sgkt aux% ak tgut dls%

qub prgibtærakt ea peus% pgur eaur prgpl`lkha% has ildbebtâs kgu/vaeeas+ Hgklt% hlks datta dbrdgkstlkda% prguvl sgk asprbt pgeb/

tbqua ak sldrbiblkt sas prbkdbpas h'bktrlksbàlkda ê e'bktârít hasgk plrtb+ H'lbeeaurs% e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua leelbt ravakbr vbta

sur uka dgkdassbgk qub eub lvlbt âdflppâ hlks uk lddæs ha tgeâ/

rlkda+Yars 48:% lu ogoakt gò eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks tarrgrbslbakt el

dgktrâa% sa râukbt prgnlneaoakt ak Kuobhba uk sykgha prgvbk/dble = h'uka lssaoneâa ha da àkra havlbt âolkar el eattra

lhrassâa lu dgota h'Lirbqua Xlurbkus plr has âvíquas sdfbs/

oltbquas+ Hlks datta raquíta% uk pau bklttakhua% eas âvíquasprblbakt ea dgoolkhlkt ak dfai ha e'lroâa egdlea h'akvgyar

U" Luùstbk% rgrloa Xydgkbus% l hó kusdrbts% eê gbb has dgpbstas gkt vgueu ax/

âdrbra par VB lkkgl+ Qk dgpbsta l eu par prboar ak tgutas eattras has kgonras |brb/

VE lkkgs% hgkt be l ilbt klturaeeaoakt ma / obebvaoakt axprboâs ak dfbiiras+

qulhrlbmbkbl lkkgs+ Eas oâprbsas ha da >" Apbst+ 24% <:% 84+

àkra sgkt træs irâquaktas hlks eas ol/



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 441

has trgupas dgktra eas nlkhas ha nrb`lkhs ilkltbquas3 bes hâdel/

rlbakt qua « has fgooas ha datta aspæda ka pguvlbakt ítra dgr/

rb`âs hlks e'Aèbsa3 bes olkhlbakt lu sushbt dgota ha eas oattraê el rlbsgk ³'+ E'lkkâa subvlkta% saonea/t/be% kguvalu sykghahas hbssbhakts ha Kuobhba+ Xlurbkus ka s'âtlbt pls ilbt prbar

egk`taops = eas trgupas lvlbakt râtlneb e'grhra% at nbak has Dbr/

dgkdaeebgks âtlbakttgonâssureasdflopshanltlbeea% kgtlooaktê e'akhrgbt lppaeâ Egdus Gdtlvaksbs+ Has vbdtboas% el hâvgtbgkpgpuelbra ibt has olrtyrs% at e'gk sa obt ê eas aksavaebr hlks eas

nlsbebquas+ Olbs e'âvíqua hu hbgdæsa s'y gppgsl = be plrlët râsue/

tar hu râdbt h'Gptlt% qu'uk dgkdbea bktarhbt legrs tguta sâpueturahlks eas âhbibdas hu dueta >

+

D'ast vars da taops/eê% prgnlneaoakt ak 484% qu'uk sykghasaob/lrbak lhrassl uka eattra ê Hgklt ha Dlrtflà 4

+ @rltus at

trakta/dbkq lutras âvíquas dltfgebquas lirbdlbks lvlbakt lssbstâ

lu dgkdbea grtfghgxa ha Tlrhbqua 8+ Eas saob/lrbaks% râukbs

hlks uka lssaoneâa hbstbkdta% h'lngrh ê Tlrhbqua% pubs ê Zfb/ebppgpgeb% dfardflbakt has leebâs dgktra ea plpa at eas Dltfg/ebquas = bes sgk`ærakt lux sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks% at drurakt

flnbea ha eaur axpâhbar uk axaopelbra ha eaur eattra sykghlea+Hlks e'ak/títa hu hgduoakt% ibùra% lu trgbsbæoa rlk`% « Hgklt%âvíqua ha Dlrtflà ³ 1

+ E'axpebdbt bkhbqua axprassâoakt qua el

pbæda l âtâ « akvgyâa ak Lirbqua ³9

+ H'lbeeaurs% slui das hâtlbes

h'axpâhbtbgk% el eattra ast dgopeætaoakt âtrlk`æra lux quaraeeaslirbdlbkas = ea saue ilbt ê ratakbr bdb% d'ast e'akvgb ha el prgdel/oltbgk fârâtbqua lu dfai ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+

Lu obebau ha el tarraur hâdflëkâa ak 480 plr e'aoparaurDgkstlkt at sgk âhbt h'ukbgk% plr el obssbgk slkèlkta ha Oldl/rbus% plr eas olssldras ha Nl`lç'% uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta haKuobhba asslyl h'bktarvakbr aktra eas plrtbs ak lroas% at karâussbt qu'ê akrbdfbr ea olrtyrgegà ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta+ Easguvakbr ha datta bktarvaktbgk kgus l âtâ dgksarvâ plr uk âdrb/

vlbk ha el sadta% qub hbt ak sgk elk`là aopfltbqua = « Ea træs

slbkt dfŔur ha kgs Zæras vâkârlneas% uk dgkdbea ha kgs âvíquasrâukbs% akvgyl ak lonlsslha% lupræs ha Oldlrbus% hbx âvíquas

<" Gptît% BBB% 8+ Hgobkg latarkl sleus ³ &bnbh+% t+ BBB%

>" Bnbh+% BBB% 8+ p+ <>9"+

4" Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ <>9 = Tykg/ 9" ³ Axpebdbt hadratuo sykghb grbaktlebuo

hlebs apbstuel psauhgsykghb Tlrhbdaksbs lh lpuh Tlrhbdlo apbsdgpgruo l plrta Lrbl/

Hgkltuo Dlrtfl`bkaksao sdrbptl+ ‘ Di+ kgruo% qugh obsarukt lh Lirbdlbk ³ Sbnbh+%

Luùstbk% ApbsE 88% 4% 93 Dgktrl Dras/ t+ BBB% p+ <8:"+dgkbuo% <<<%48% 463 BY% 88% 1>+ 0" Gptît% BBB% </93 Zussbg Olrdutb%

8" Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 90+ p+ 09< Ob`ka3 Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld%

1" « Hgkltg Dlrtfl`bkbs apbsdgpg+++ bk p+ 096/092 Ob`ka+



449 EA HGKLXBTOA

âobkakts% dfgbsbs hlks e'lssaoneâa+ Eas hâputâs havlbakt pgrtarê Oldlrbus has lvartbssaoakts sleutlbras% ea hâtgurkar h'uk sb

`rlkh drboa% gu hu ogbks &da qub lrrbvl" sa prâdbpbtar eas pra/obars sur ea dflop ha el nltlbeea raeb`bausa gò euttlbt el igb ³'+

Eas hbx hâputâs hgkltbstas havlbakt hgkd prgtastar dgktra el

râprassbgk% at s'aiigrdar ha râtlnebr el plbx+ Olbs d'âtlbakt haoâhbgdras hbpegoltas+ \ulkh bes rakdgktrærakt ea dgoobsslbrabopârble ê Yaàsael% bes sa obrakt% subvlkt eaurs bkstrudtbgks%ê eub prghbùar eas « lvartbssaoakts sleutlbras ³+ Bes ea ibraktlvad tlkt h'bksgeakda gu ha olelhrassa% qua Oldlrbus eaurrâpgkhbt ê dgups ha nîtgks+ E'uk h'aux iut oíoa rataku prb/

sgkkbar = ea dâeænra Olrdueus qub% uk pau peus tlrh% sa matl guiut matâ hu flut has rgds ha Kgvl Zatrl% at qub havbkt e'uk hasolrtyrs eas peus pgpuelbras ha el sadta >

+ ‘ D'ast prgnlneaoaktea dgkdbea ha 480% qub% plr raprâslbeeas% rlppgrtl el hâdbsbgk ha449 at prasdrbvbt ha ranlptbsar hâsgrolbs tgus eas Dltfgebquasdgkvartbs = h'lpræs Xydgkbus% el hbspaksa prbt ibk egrs has parsâ/dutbgks ha Oldlrbus 4

+

H'lbeeaurs% pakhlkt eas qubkza lkkâas qub subvbrakt% gk k'aut

ùæra e'gddlsbgk h'lppebquar el ræèa kguvaeea=

ea vakt ka pgus/slbt pls eas dgksdbakdas iegttlktas vars ea plrtb ha Hgklt% ak dastaops h'ukbtâ giibdbaeea% gò e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta âtlbt supprboâaak prbkdbpa% sas dgoouklutâs hbssgutas% sas nlsbebquas dgkibs/

quâas% sas âvgquas prgsdrbts 8+ Legrs% be ka pguvlbt ítra quastbgk

ha râukbgks âpbsdgpleas% sb da k'ast pgur peaurar gu aspâraraksaonea+ âolrqugks dapakhlkt qua% vars 411% ê el ogrt haHgklt% Zlroakblkus iut dfgbsb pgur eub suddâhar 1

= ea kguvaluprbolt% qub âtlbt legrs egbk ha Dlrtbelà at ha e'Lirbqua% ka putùæra ítra âeu at grhgkkâ qua plr uk sykgha h'âvíquas axbeâs+

Ea ræ`ka ha Muebak% qub vbt el râsurradtbgk ha e'Aèbsa hbssb/

hakta% y raobt klturaeeaoakt ak fgkkaur e'bkstbtutbgk sykg/hlea+ El raquíta ê e'aoparaur% râhb`âa plr Zgktbus% at sb`kâah'lutras ryrquas% âolklbt paut/ítra h'uk lutra dgkdbea h'axbeâs 9

+

Qka igbs raktrâs ak Lirbqua% d'ast âvbhaooakt ê has lssaoneâaspeâkbæras hu plrtb qua Zlroakblkus at eas lutras dfais ha el

sadta sguobrakt eaurs pelks pgur el râgr`lkbsltbgk has dgoou/klutâs% pgur el prgpl`lkha% pgur el ravakhbdltbgk has nlsb/

<" Zlskg Olrdueb% p+ <9<+ 8" Gptît% BB% <13 <<<% < at 8 3 Dgkdbe+

>" Bnbh+% p+ 09>/093, 3 Dgeelb+ Dlre bl`+% Dlrtcl`+ lob+ 486% Axgrh+<% <603 Gptît% BBB% 9= Luùstbk% Dgkerl '+';" Mârøoa% Dfrgk+ lh lkk+ 4113 gptît%ebttarks Zaebeblkb% BB% >:% 893 Dgktrl BBB% 43 Luùstbk% âtrldt+% BB% 84+

Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 82% 183 Bk Mgflkkbs 9" Gptlb% BB% <93 BBB% 43 Luùstbk%Avlkr aebuo% VB% <1+ Apbst+ 24% 8% <>3 <:1% >% 23 Dgktrl ebe/

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% <:%84+ earus Zatbeblkb% BB% 20%>>8+




ebquas+ L prgpgs ha el hâpgsbtbgk vbgeakta h'uk vbabe âvíqua

dltfgebqua plr uka nlkha ha ilkltbquas% Gptît radgkklët qua eadfai ha el trgupa% uk âvíqua% axâdutlbt uka saktakaa = be l`bs/slbt% hbt Gptît lux Hgkltbstas% « subvlkt vgs bkstrudtbgks% sórha vgtra dgopebdbtâ% lroâ ha vgs egbs at ha vgs hâdrats ³ '+ D'astuka leeusbgk ê has sykghas sdfbsoltbquas% qub lvlbakt prgkgkdâel hâpgsbtbgk has âvíquas bktrus at el raprbsa has nlsbebquaslutraigbs dgkibsquâas+ Qk ha das dgkdbeas ast oaktbgkkâ axpras/sâoakt = daeub qub sa râukbt ê Xfavasta% slks hguta ak 49>+ Dattalssaoneâa raàut uka pelbkta ha Zrbogsus% âvíqua dltfgebquaha Dlstaeeuo Eaoaeeaiaksa% qub prgtastlbt dgktra has lttaktltsha tgut àkra dgoobs hlks sgk hbgdæsa% sld ha sl nlsbebqua%oaurtra ha haux ha sas hbldras sgus eas yaux ha prâelts hgkl/tbstas-+ Ea dgkdbea sa tbrl h'liilbra plr uka sbkbstra dgoâhba =

e'Aèbsa has Tlbkts ka pguvlbt oíoa ítra sgupàgkkâa ha plrabes

igrilbts+

Zlroakblkus% qub lvlbt radgkstbtuâ e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua%qub eub rakhbt tguta sl pubsslkda% at qub prâsbhl pakhlkt trakta

lks ê sas hastbkâas% hut dgkvgquar nbak sguvakt sas dgeeæùas êDlrtflà 3 olbs kgus ka slvgks prasqua rbak sur das râukbgksâpbsdgpleas% dgooa sur tguta e'fbstgbra ha datta pârbgha+ Gkast igkhâ saueaoakt ê suppgsar qua has lssaoneâas peâkbærashu plrtb aurakt ê sa prgkgkdar sur e'aktakta lvad Ibrous 4

% sureas oasuras ê prakhra dgktra ea sdfbsoa ha ^g`ltus ak Olura/tlkba% sur el prgdâhura ê ak`làr dgktra eas ^g`ltbstas pgurgntakbr el rastbtutbgk ha eaurs nlsbebquas'+ Qk dgkdbea hgkltbstaha datta pârbgha ast rastâ dâeænra = daeub qub irlppl Xydgkbus%vars 46:+ Gk slbt quaeea stupaur lvlbakt dlusâa lux dfais hae'Aèbsa hbssbhakta eas guvrlàs flrhbs gò da tfâgeg`bak sbkdæraat h'asprbt ebnra gslbt drbtbquar eas prbkdbpas ha el sadta% ak hgk/klkt plrigbs rlbsgk lux Dltfgebquas+ Zlroakblkus lvlbt asslyâh'lngrh ha râiutar ea tâoârlbra = ka pguvlkt gntakbr ukarâtrldtltbgk% be ea hâiârl% eub gu sas ebvras% havlkt e'lssaoneâa`âkârlea has âvíquas hu plrtb 1

+ Xydgkbus iut dgkhlokâ% axdeuha e'Aèbsa ha Hgklt% s'ak dgksgel plr has trlvlux h'axâ`æsa% at

hâsgrolbs vâdut bsgeâ+ Hlks eas harkbæras lkkâas ha e'âpbsdgpltha Zlroakblkus% el quastbgk hu sadgkh nlptíoa plrlët lvgbrâtâ ha kguvalu sguobsa ê has sykghas sdfbsoltbquas+ Has dgks/tbtutbgks bopârbleas at ea dgkdbea rgolbk ha 469 lvlbakt bktarhbt

<" Gptît% BB% <2+ Dgktrl ebtearls Zaebeblkb% BB% 64% <68+

>" bibbri+% BB% <6+ 8" Apbs t+ 24%4% << atsubv+3 Dgktrl4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 60% <:3 Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <<% <0+

Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <:% <9 atsubv+ = 4" Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <+

BY>>






tgut dgurt% hlks eas hgduoakts eas peus lkdbaks'+ Ole`râ e'bk`â/

kbausa hbstbkdtbgk bol`bkâa peus tlrh plr eas sdfbsoltbquas%qub vguelbakt sluvar e'fgkkaur ha eaur `rlkh fgooa 6% be ka

kgus saonea pls hgutaux qua eas haux âvgquas rbvlux ha Dlr/tbelà sa trguværakt ilda ê ilda lu plelbs hu Eltrlk% qua ea dfaiha el hâeâ`ltbgk lddusltrbda âtlbt Hgklt ea @rlkh% râdaooaktâeu ak raopeldaoakt ha Olmgrbkus = el dgkiusbgk peus gu ogbksbkvgegktlbra s'axpebqua lbsâoakt% sb% dgooa kgus ea drgygks%Hgklt ha Dlrtbelà s'ast h'lngrh lppaeâ Hgklt has Dlsas Kgbras+Avbhaooakt% hlks ea prgdæs ha Dladbeblkus% e'âvíqua hbssbhaktha Dlrtflà havlbt% lvlkt tgut lutra% raprâsaktar sgk plrtb = sb

pgur uka rlbsgk quaedgkqua be k'lvlbt pu vakbr% s'be lvlbt dâhâel pelda ê uk dgoplrsa qub% plr uka sbkùebæra dgçkdbhakda%sarlbt uk fgogkyoa% ea ilbt aót âtâ sóraoakt dgksb`kâ hlkseas Ldtas ha e'lssaoneâa% h'lutlkt obaux qua eas muàs dgkhlo/kærakt ea Hgklt prâsakt ê ^goa 4

+ \ugb qu'be ak sgbt% eas hânltsgddupærakt trgbs luhbakdas% dgksldrâas tgut aktbæras ê « el dlusaha Hgklt at ha Dladbeblkus- ³+ Ea trbnukle ldqubttl e'lddusâ%

lvad has dgksbhârlkts træs hurs pgur sas lhvarslbras3 be hâdelrl/eâ`btboa e'grhbkltbgk ha Dladbeblkus% at neîol sâværaoakt ea

prbkdbple lddusltaur% Hgklt eub/oíoa% pgur hbvarsas bkirldtbgkslux ræèas ha el hbsdbpebka 1

+

Lu dgkdbea ha ^goa sa rlppgrtlbt uk hgssbar vgeuobkaux+^lppaegks h'uk ogt el sârba has pbædas raeltbvas ê el dgkvgdl/tbgk ha e'lssaoneâa = el raquíta has hbssbhakts ê Dgkstlktbk 9

3 ea

Ebnaeeus drbobkuo Dladbeblkb <3 ea rlppgrt hu prgdgksue Lku/

ebkus% hu <1 lvrbe 4< 63 el eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu plpa Obetblha%

pgur e'bkvbtar ê prâsbhar ea trbnukle addeâsblstbqua 23 eas eattras

lhrassâas plr e'aoparaur lux trgbs âvíquas `luegbs% pgur eas

lppaear ê ^goa <:3 el eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua%

dgktaklkt e'grhra h'akvgyar ak Btleba Dladbeblkus lvad hbxraprâsaktlkts ha dflqua plrtb% at ea sadgkh rlppgrt h'Lkuebkus%kgtbiblkt ea hâplrt has Lirbdlbks u

+ Kgus k'lvgks pls ê ravakbrsur das hgduoakts% hgkt kgus lvgks plreâ lktârbauraoakt+ Be

<" Gptît% B% >83 Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 84% >% 0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 8% t4+8 at subv+3 <:1% >% 6+ 6" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% ><1/>>:3 Lu/

>" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <6% ùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >+

493 Lh Hgkltbstls pgse Dgeeît++% <4% <0+ 2" Ausæna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1% <6+ ‘4" Gptît% B% >8/>13 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 4<23 Luùstbk%

1% <1/<93 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <0% 4<+ Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >8+

8" Gptît% B% >83 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/ <:" Ausæna% V% 1% <63 Gptît% <%>43 Lu/elt+% BBB% <>% >83 Apbst+ 84% 1% <8/<9+ ùstbk% Apbst+ 14% >% 1+

1" Gptît% B% >8/>1 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% <<" Dgeeît+% Dlrtfl`+% <<<% 4<63 Luùs/>% 8/13 84+ 1% <1/<9+ tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8+

9" Gptît% <% >>3 BBB% 4+



48: EA HGKLXBTOC

s'l`bt bdb has Ldtas hl dgkdbea% lu saks rastrabkt hu ogt + L kgtra

dgkklbsslkda% ea hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt dgopraklbt dbkq pbædas =

ea Hakuktëltbgkbs ebnaeels lhvarsus Dladbeblkuo% d'ast/ê/hbra ukrâqubsbtgbra dgktra e'lddusâ 3 eas prgdæs/varnlux has trgbs

luhbakdas3 eas Taktaktbla gu vgtas ogtbvâs3 eas hâdbsbgks hudgkdbea3 ea rlppgrt hu plpa ê e'aoparaur+

Ea Hakuktblebgkbs ebnaeels lhvarsus Dladbeblmbëbo- plrlët

h'lngrh havgbr ítra bhaktbibâ lvad ea Ebnaeels Addeasbla dltfgebdla

drbobkuo Dladbebltbb% raobs lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus plr eas hbssb/

hakts ak lvrbe 4<4% trlksobs plr ea prgdgksue ê e'aoparaur% at

plr e'aoparaur lu plpa > + Dapakhlkt% e'bhaktbibdltbgk ast egbkh'ítra dartlbka+ Ea Ebnaeeus drbobkuo Dladbeblkb% eu lux muàs

hæs e'guvartura has hânlts% sarvbt âvbhaooakt ha nlsa ê el hbs/

dussbgk3 gr% be saonea nbak qua ea Hakukeblebgkbs ebnaeeus lbt âtâ

prghubt saueaoakt% plr eas sdfbsoltbquas% vars el ibk ha el pra/

obæra sâlkda+ Luùstbk% qub lvlbt sgus eas yaux ea hgssbar

dgopeat hu dgkdbea% hbt axprassâoakt qu'uka kguvaeea hbsdus/

sbgk s'ak`làl lpræs ea hâpøt ha datta pbæda = « Lutra bkdbhakt =

dartlbkas àks raobrakt lux muàs uk Haotktbltbgkbsebnaeeus

lhvarsus Dladbeblkuo+ Lpræs dael% e'akquíta radgooakàl+++ ³ 4+

Gk pgurrlbt hgkd suppgsar qu'be s'l`bt ha haux ebnaeeas hbstbkdts+

H'lbeeaurs% ea dgktaku ka havlbt ùæra hbiiârar+ Eas lddusltaursraprghubslbakt sbopeaoakt eas `rbais âkuoârâs hlks el eatera

sykghlea hu dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ha 4<> = vbgeakdas at tyrlkkbaha Dladbeblkus% rakhu raspgkslnea ha el ogrt ha dartlbks dgk/iassaurs aoprbsgkkâs lu taops haeê parsâdutbgk3 brrâùelrbtâ

ha sgk âeadtbgk 3 kueebtâ ha sgk grhbkltbgk% ê dlusa ha e'bkhb`kbtâ

ha sgk dgksâdrltaur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kbUEas prgdæs/ varnlux has trgbs luhbakdas sgkt parhus 3 olbs gk

paut eas radgkstbtuar ak plrtba `rîda lux lkleysas h'Luùstbk +

Ea peus dgksbhârlnea% ha naludgup% âtlbt ea dgopta/rakhu ha el

praobæra sâlkda% qub aut ebau ea > gdtgnra+ Lpræs eas prgdâhurasprâebobklbras% gk hgkkl eadtura ha tgut ea hgssbar raeltbi ê el

dgkvgdltbgk% hapubs el raquíta has hbssbhakts musqu'lu harkbarrlppgrt hu prgdgksue+ Zubs ea prâsbhakt lddgrhl el plrgea lux

lddusltaurs+ e"gklt% sa drgylkt akdgra ê Dlrtbelà% sa râplkhbtak bkvadtbvas dgktra Dladbeblkus at sas plrtbslks+ Tlks sa

prâgddupar ha rbak prguvar% be iueobkl dgktra sas lhvarslbras+

âvgqulkt eas plssbgks pgpuelbras hâdflëkâas eê/nls dgktra eas

< Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84%=

+% <1+ Bkt+% BBB% <8% >t;+

>" Apbse+ 66% >3 24% 8% <4+ 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ 84% 1% <8/<93 Nra/Apbse+ <4% +% BT vba+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8+

8" Gptît% e% >u/% Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Due/




trlhbtaurs+ L olbkta raprbsa% gk hut rlppaear ea trbnuk ê el

quastbgk+ « Be vguelbt% kgus hbt/gk% be vguelbt rloakar tguta

e'liilbra ê e'gpbkbgk has igueas hu plrtb ha Olmgrbkus% d'ast/ê/

hbra h'uka ouetbtuha sâhbtbausa% ak râvgeta dgktra el plbx hae'Âèbsa+ Zlr das igueas% lpplraooakt% be vguelbt ilbra lddusarDladbeblkus = plr das igueas qub pguvlbakt% drgylbt/be% lvad ea

tuoueta saue has deloaurs% slks hgduoakts ê e'lppub% slks

axloak ha el vârbtâ% â`lrar ê vgegktâ eas asprbts has muàs+++

Xaeeas âtlbakt eas igueas plr qub% uka igbs ha peus% be vguelbt

ilbra lddusar Dladbeblkus+ Olbs eas muàs k'âtlbakt pls fgooas

ê sa elbssar parsulhar datta igeba+++ Gk ka put dgkvlbkdra eatrbnukle qua ea røea h'lddusltaur% dgktra Dladbeblkus% pót ítra

hâvgeu ê el iguea hu plrtb ha Olmgrbkus% iguea lkgkyoa% slksparsgkklebtâ ³ '+ Gk dgoprakh el stupaur has âvíquas ak ilda ha

das râqubsbtgbras h'âkarùoækas+ Gk bkvbtl Hgklt ê oghârareas âdelts ha sgk âegquakda pgur lrrbvar lux ilbts+ Legrs% be

bkvgqul e'lutgrbtâ hu dgkdbea has hbssbhakts qub e'lkkâa prâdâ/

hakta% ê Dlrtflà% lvlbt dgkhlokâ Dladbeblkus = havlkt da

trbnukle rgolbk gò sbâàlbakt saueaoakt hbx/kaui âvíquas% be kasa elsslbt pls ha râpâtar qua ea trbnukle dlrtfl`bkgbs ak lvlbt

dgoptâ sgbxlkta/hbx+ Gk eub ibt gnsarvar qua pau bopgrtlbt ea

kgonra has muàs% gu eaur grb`bka = obaux vlelbt ka pls plrear

ha da dgkdbea lirbdlbk% qub lvlbt trlfb uka plssbgk lvauèa plr

el prâdbpbtltbgk ha sgk muàoakt% at qub k'lvlbt pls drlbkt hairlppar% slks eas aktakhra% has dgeeæùas lnsakts >

+ Hgklt âtlbt

ê ngut h'lrùoakts+ Tgooâ akdgra ha prâdbsar sas `rbais% be

lvgul qu'be k'ldduslbt pls Dladbeblkus parsgkkaeeaoakt% qu'be

eub raprgdflbt saueaoakt h'lvgbr âtâ brrâùebæraoakt grhgkkâ+Gk eub haolkhl has prauvas ha datta brrâùelrbtâ = gò âtlbakt

das tâogbks% qu'gk slvlbt ítra vakus lvad eub h'Lirbqua% at quahapubs be saonelbt lvgbr asdlogtâs 7 Hgklt prgobt h'loakar sas

tâogbks ê uka prgdflbka luhbakda 4+ Ak lttakhlkt% Dladbeblkus

at eas Dltfgebquas prbrakt e'giiaksbva+ Zlr uk sbkùebar ratgur

has dfgsas% d'ast ea prbkdbple lddusltaur qub iut obs ak dlusa+

Zrassâ plr eas quastbgks ha sas lhvarslbras% Hgklt hut lvguarqua% oíoa lvlkt e'grhbkltbgk ha Dladbeblkus% be s'âtlbt sâplrâ ê

Dlrtflà ha el dgoouklutâ dltfgebqua% qu'be lvlbt ranlptbsâ has

lpgstlts% qu'be lvlbt bopgsâ eas olbks ê has âvíquas rakâ`lts =

tgutas dfgsas dgktrlbras ê el hbsdbpebka ha e'Âèbsa-+ Yars el ibk

ha el sâlkda% quaequas/uks has âvíquas hbssbhakts dfardfærakt

% <" Apbst+ 84% 1% <8/<1+ <13 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8+

>" Bnbh+% 84% 1% <9+ 8" Gptît% B% >83 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/

4" Gptît% B% >83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 1% elt+% BBB% <>% >8+



48> EA HGKLXBTOA

ê prakhra eaur ravlkdfa ak prghubslkt uka kguvaeea pbæda% ea

Hakuktbltbgkbs FnaQus lhvarsus Dladbebluuo <

+ Gk hut radgo/

oakdar e'akquíta% olbs tgumgurs lvad ea oíoa râsuetlt+ \ulkhea prâsbhakt eavl el sâlkda% e'lddusâ plrlbsslbt bkkgdakt peus

qua mlolbs = saue% ea prbkdbple lddusltaur âtlbt ak oluvlbsapgstura+

At e'gk ak rastl eê+ Eas haux lutras luhbakdas ka râvâeæraktluduk ilbt kguvalu+ L el sadgkha sâlkda% kb Hgklt kb sas

tâogbks ka sa prâsaktærakt = ea prgdæs/varnle hut sa ngrkar ê

dgkstltar eaur lnsakda+ Hlks el harkbæra sâlkda% ea trbnukle

rakhbt sgk lrrít% lpræs uk hgunea vgta >+

Eas Taktaktbla hu dgkdbea ha ^goa âtlbakt ogt pgur ogtraprghubtas hlks uk prgdæs/varnle hâtlbeeâ% qub igrolbt sgbt ukaplrtba bktâ`rlkta% sgbt uka lkkaxa% hu dgopta/rakhu ha el trgb/

sbæoa luhbakda+ E'uk lpræs e'lutra% at ê haux raprbsas% eas hbx/

kaui muàs iurakt lppaeâs ê hgkkar eaur lvbs = h'lngrh% sur el

dgkhubta ha Hgklt% qub iut dgkhlokâ ê e'uklkbobtâ pgurbkirldtbgks hbvarsas lux ræèas hbsdbpebklbras3 pubs% sur el eâ`b/

tbobtâ ha Dladbeblkus% qub% â`leaoakt ê e'uklkbobtâ% iut prg/

deloâ bkkgdakt% râùebæraoakt âeu at grhgkkâ4

+ Luùstbkrâsuoa lbksb eas vgtas ogtbvâs ha e'uk has âvgquas `luegbs =

« Fatbdbus% âvíqua h'Lutuk% aut uka `rlkha lutgrbtâ hlks e'Â/

èbsa lu taops ha sgk âpbsdgplt+ D'ast da qu'bkhbquakt eas @astladdeasblstbdl+ Hlks el vbeea ha ^goa% sgus el prâsbhakda ha Oae/dfblha% legrs âvíqua hu sbæà lpgstgebqua% âtbdbus lvad h'lutras

bktarvbkt dgooa muà = be dgkhlokl Hgklt% ea praobar lutaurhu sdfbsoa has Hgkltbstas% at ldqubttl Dladbeblkus% âvíqua hae'Aèbsa ha Dlrtflà ³ 8

+ Ak da qub dgkdarka Hgklt% tgus eas vg/

tlkts s'lddgrhærakt ê dgkstltar « qu'be lvgulbt lvgbr ranlptbsâ%

at lvgbr bopgsâ eas olbks ê has âvíquas rakâ`lts = dfgsas dgk/trlbras ê el hbsdbpebka ha e'Aèbsa ³U Akibk% Gptît kgus l dgk/sarvâ bktâ`rleaoakt ea sadgkh vgta hu plpa Obetblha% qub

plrel ea harkbar ak das taroas = « Lttakhu qu'be l âtâ âtlneb quaDladbeblkus k'ast pls lddusâ plr eas tâogbks vakus lvad Hgklt%dgooa eas haolkhaurs e'lvlbakt lkkgkdâ% at qua sur ludukpgbkt be k'l âtâ dgkvlbkdu plr Hgklt = ma subs h'lvbs qua Dladb/

eblkus% dgooa be ast musta% hgbt ítra olbktaku aktbæraoakt hlkssl dgooukbgk addeâsblstbqua ³

9+

B% Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 1% <1+ '+ Luùstbk% Dgktrl Mu blkuo% B% 4% 0+

>" Gptlb% B% >83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 1% Gptît% B% >8+

<1/<9= ebravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% <>% >8+ &b" Bnbh+% B% >8+ ‘ DB+ Luùstbk% Apbst+4" Gptlb% e% >8/>13 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ 84%1%<9+

Dgeekt+% BBB% <0% 4<+




Lu prgdæs/varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs âtlbakt klturaeeaoaktmgbktas eas hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea+ El Taktakt bl hu trbnukle âtlbt

uka sgrta ha syktfæsa has Taktaktbla bkhbvbhuaeeas+ Eas hauxpgbkts assaktbaes âtlbakt el dgkhlokltbgk ha Hgklt% sâværa/

oakt neîoâ pgur sas bkirldtbgks hbsdbpebklbras% at e'ldqubtta/

oakt ha Dladbeblkus% radgkku âvíqua eâ`btboa ha Dlrtbelà'+

Olbs el saktakda râèlbt lussb h'lutras quastbgks+ Ea dgkdbeaâtlbt h'lvbs qua Hgklt at eas lutras hâeâùâs has hbssbhakts kahavlbakt pls ítra lutgrbsâs ê ratgurkar ak Lirbqua-+ Dapakhlkt%be spâdbiblbt qua el dgkhlokltbgk lttab`klbt saueaoakt Hgklt+

Ltgus eas lutras âvíquas gu deards â`lrâs hlks ea sdfbsoa% gk

prgpgsarlbt ha eas râbktâ`rar hlks e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua at hlkseaurs hb`kbtâs+ Gk lddgrharlbt has eattras ha dgooukbgk « oíoaê daux qub lvlbakt âtâ grhgkkâs plr Olmgrbkus ³+ Hlks eas egdl/

ebtâs lirbdlbkas gò haux âvíquas rbvlux âtlbakt ak prâsakda% gkolbktbakhrlbt ak dflrà ea peus lkdbak3 e'lutra sarlbt pgurvuh'uk lutra hbgdæsa 4

+ Ea dgkdbea aktakhlbt ka irlppar qua ea

dfai3 be ka raduelbt havlkt luduka dgkdassbgk pgur rloakar eas

plrtbslks ha Hgklt+

El harkbæra pbæda âtlbt uk rlppgrt lhrassâ ê e'aoparaur plrea plpa lu kgo hu dgkdbea+ Da rlppgrt ast oaktbgkkâ plr Dgks/tlktbk eub/oíoa hlks sl eattra lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Aeliëus+ Easâvíquas râukbs ê ^goa% âdrbt e'aoparaur% « gkt pgrtâ ê ol dgk/klbsslkda% plr uk rlppgrt lddgopl`kâ ha eaurs prgdæs/varnlux&Ldtl"% tgut da qub s'âtlbt ilbt ak eaur prâsakda+ Bes o'gkt liibroâak gutra qua eaur akquíta lvlbt âtâ dgkhubta subvlkt tgutas eas

ræèas ha e'âqubtâ+ Bes o'gkt hbt qua daux/eê peutøt âtlbakt dgu/

plneas% qub gkt dru havgbr bkdrbobkar Dladbeblkus+ Bes o'ak`l/àlbakt ê bktarhbra% lpræs da muàoakt% ea ratgur ak Lirbquahas lddusltaurs ³ 8

+ Gk vgbt quae âtlbt ea dgktaku hu rlppgrt =

râsuoâ has hânlts% lvad dgpba has prgdæs/varnlux3 liibroltbgkh'boplrtblebtâ3 dgkstltltbgk ha < bkkgdakda ha Dladbeblkus at

has oâilbts ha sas lddusltaurs3 bkvbtltbgk ê ratakbr fgrsh'Lirbqua eas hâeâùâs hu plrtb hbssbhakt+

E'fbstgbra hu dgkdbea h'Lreas kgus ast dgkkua træs bkâ`lea/oakt 1

+ Lussbtøt lpræs el saktakda ha ^goa% eas sdfbsoltbquas

<" Gptît% B% >8/>13 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1% ><3 Luùstbk% Apbst+Dgeelb+% BBB% <0% 4< 3 Apbst+ 84% >% 8/13 84% >% 8 3 84% 0% >:3 14% >% 13 66% 43 62%84% 1% <1/<93 <:1% >% 6+ 43 <:1% >% 63 Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroa/

>" Lppakhbx h'Gptut% l+ 4% p+ >:1 ]bwsl+ kblkb% <% 9% <<+ ‘ Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ Be%

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84%1% <93 <61% <:% 80+ p+ 8923 Ollssak% @asdibbdfta har \uae/8" Dgkstlktbk% Apbst+ lh sAelibuo &hlks eak ukh Ebttarleur has dlkgkbsa tbak

YLppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4% p+ >:1 ]bwsl"+ âhbtas bo Lnakhelkha &@rlz% <60:"% t+

1" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4/13 Ausæna% <% p+ <66 at 21:+



488 EA HGKLXBTOA

lvlbakt prgtastâ lupræs ha e'aoparaur3 ak Lirbqua% ea vbdlbraAelibus raàut has prgtastltbgks lklegùas '+ Eas Hgkltbstas% sa

pelb`klbakt hael

dgopgsbtbgk hu trbnukle% qub lvlbt dgoptâtrgbs @luegbs saueaoakt% ha el kâèbàkda at ha el plrtblebtâ hasmuàs% qub lvlbakt elbssâ ha døtâ eas `rbais dgktra e'grhbkltaurha Dladbeblkus+ Dgkstlktbk prasdrbvbt uka akquíta sur Iâebxh'Lntfu`kb% at hâdbhl qua tguta e'liilbra sarlbt sguobsa ê ukakguvaeea lssaoneâa h'âvíquas sbâàlkt ak @luea+ Ea dgkdbeah'Lreas sa râukbt ea < ar lgót 4<8 >

+ Hlks prasqua tgutas eas prg/vbkdas h'Gddbhakt% naludgup h'Âèbsas y lvlbaktakvgyâ has raprâ/saktlkts% âvíquas% prítras gu hbldras+ Zlr axaopea% ak Btleba%

eas Âèbsasha ^goa% h'Gstba% ha Zgrtg% haDaktuodaeela% ha Obelk%h'Lqubeâa% ha Dlpgua% h'Lrpb% ha Dlèblrb% ha Tyrldusa3 ak@luea% eas Âèbsas h'Lreas% ha Ybakka% ha Olrsabeea% h'Lpt%h'Grlkà% ha Ylbsgk% ha Vbda% ha @lnleas% h'Aluza% ha Ngrhalux%ha Eygk% h'Lutuk% ha ^guak% ha âbos% ha Xrívas% ha Dgeg`ka3ak Nratl`ka% eas Âèbsas ha Egkhras% h'Rgrc% ha Ebkdgek3 akAspl`ka% eas Âèbsas ha Xlrrl`gka% h'Aoarbtl% ha Tlrl`gssa% haNlstb% h'Qrsgkl 4

+ Eas Lirbdlbks% hgkt el quaraeea lvlbt obs tlkt

ha ogkha ak oguvaoakt% ka olkqulbakt pls ê e'lppae+ HaDlrtbelà âtlbt vaku e'âtarkae lddusâ% Dladbeblkus+ Be âtlbt lddgo/pl`kâ ha sgk hbldra Tparlktbus% at h'uka hâeâ`ltbgk h'âvíquasgu lutras deards ha dflduk has haux plrtbs+ Zlrob das Lirbdlbksibùrlbakt Eloplhbus h'Qtfbkl% Ybdtgr h'Qtbqua% Ilustbkus haXfunurng% Ybdtgr ha Ea`bsvgeuoak% Igrtukltus ha Dlaslral%lvad sgk hbldra Hautarbus = slks plrear has sdfbsoltbquas at hae'lddusltaur ak dfai% Hgkltha Dlrtflà 8

+ Ea dgkdbea% qub plrlëtlvgbr sbâ`â egk`taops% radgooakàl tguta e'akquíta sur Dladbebl/kus% hgkt be prgdelol ha kguvalu e'bkkgdakda at el eâ`btbobtâ s

+

Be vgtl ak gutra hbvarsas râigroas hbsdbpebklbras% hgkt peusbaurslvlbakt pgur gnmat ha râsguhra eas hbiibduetâs kâas haeê parsâdu/

<" Gptît% B% >13 Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4%

p+ >:1 ]bwsl3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 0% >:3

14% >% 1 3 09% >= 66% 43 62% 43 <:1% >% 63Ha lkbdg nlpebsog% <9% >6+

>" E'lkkâa 4<8 ‘ Rgeusblkg at Lkkblkgdgks&uebnus" ‘ ast bkhbquâa hlks eas ra/

duabes dlkgkbquas &Olksb% Dgkdb +% t+ Be%

p+ 80<"+ f'lueras hgduoakts prguvakt quaea dgkdbea âtlbt dgkvgquâ pgur ea < ar lgót%

u bktrl hbao Cleakhlruo luqusel/ruo ;/ {Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% u+ 4% p+ >:9]bwsl+ ‘ &'L+ Ausæna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% U%

1% ><"+ ‘ Tur el hlta hu dgkdbea% vg

Hudfasla% Ea Hgssbar hu e'gklebsoa% p+

19/9: &‘ Oâelkàs ha e'Âdgea irlkàlbsaha ^goa% t+ V &<62:"% p+ 98:/988"3 Ileeu

ha Eassart% Ilstas has prgvbkdas lirbdlb/kas% t+ BB% p+ <9>3 :+ Taadc% Hus Qr/

cukhaknudf has Gptltus% hlks el ]abt/sdebrbit iur Cbrdetakàsdfbd bta% B+ VVV%>

&<2:2"% p+ <64+

4" Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ <<% p+ 809+

8" Bnbh+% p+ 800+ ‘ Di+ Lppakhu 'h'Gp/

tlt% k+ 4% p+ >:1/>:9 ]bwsl 3 Luùstbk%Dgktrl Apbstutlo Zlroakblkb% B% 9% <<+

1" Lppakhbl h'Gptlt% k+ 8% p+ >:0 3 k+ 1%

p+ >:2 ]bwsl+




tbgk gu has quaraeeas lirbdlbkas'+ << kgtbibl sas hâdbsbgks% plreattras sykghleas% ê e'aoparaur% lu plpa Tbevastra% ê e'Âèbsa haDlrtflà'+

Ea hgssbar h'Lreas k'âtlbt pls ogbks dgksbhârlnea qua daeub

ha ^goa+ ^lppaegks peusbaurs `rgupas ha pbædas% hgkt kguslvgks hâmê plreâ% at qub tgudfakt ê e'fbstgbra hu dgkdbea slksilbra plrtba hu hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt+ Da sgkt h'lngrh eas

pbædas raeltbvas ê el dgkvgdltbgk = el prgtastltbgk has hbssbhaktsdgktra el saktakda ha ^goa 4

3 ea rlppgrt h'zAeliëus% vbdlbrah'Lirbqua% kgtbiblkt ê e'aoparaur e'lppae has sdfbsoltbquas 8

3 el

eattra ha dgkvgdltbgk lhrassâa plr Dgkstlktbk ê Dfrastus%âvíqua ha Tyrldusa ò

3 has eattras lklegùas lux âvíquas btlebaks%

`luegbs% nratgks gu aspl`kges 93 el eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Ael/

ibus% grhgkklkt lu vbdlbra h'akvgyar ê Lreas% pgur ea < ar lgót%Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà lvad has hâeâ`ltbgks ha sas plrtbslks at

ha sas lhvarslbras U Be k'ast pls hgutaux qua ea `guvarkaoaktlbt â`leaoakt dgooukbquâ ê e'lssaoneâa h'Lreas eas prbkdbpleaspbædas has akquítas lktârbauras = eas Ldtas hu dgkdbea ha ^goa 6

3

eas Ldtl pbtr`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% gu% tgut lu ogbks% ea rlppgrt huprgdgksue [Aeblkus% trlksoattlkt ê e'aoparaur eas râsuetlts hae'akquíta sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb 2

+ Oaktbgkkgks akibk h'lutrashgduoakts qub sgkt pgstârbaurs lu dgkdbea h'Lreas% olbs qubs'y rlppgrtakt akdgra peus gu ogbks hbradtaoakt = e'lppae hashbssbhakts dgktra el kguvaeea saktakda <:

3 eas bkstrudtbgks hasprâiats hu prâtgbra lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Hgobtbus Daesus sur eas

oasuras ê prakhra pgur ea ratgur has hbssbhakts .3 hbiiâraktas

eattras ha Dgkstlktbk% qub pab`kakt sur ea vbi sas tar`bvarsltbgks

at sgk aonlrrls lpræs e'lppae has sdfbsoltbquas <'

> + Kgus havbgkssb`klear das lkkaxas hu hgssbar h'Lreas3 olbs kgus k'lvgks êâtuhbar bdb qua eas Ldtas prgpraoakt hbts ha da dgkdbea+ Gk yhbstbkùa sbx pbædas = eas prgdæs/varnlux has sâlkdas3 eas

dlkgks3 el eattra sykghlea lu plpa Tbevastra3 uka eattra êe'Aèbsa ha Dlrtflà3 uka eattra ê e'aoparaur% at el râpgksa haDgkstlktbk+

<" Dgkdbe+ Lraelt+ lkk+ 4<8% dlk+ 6 at

<4/<8+

>" Lppakhbx h'Gpelt% k+ 8/1+

4" enbh+% k+ 4% p+ >:1 ]bwsl3 Gptît% B%

>13 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 0% >:3 14% >% 1309% >3 66% 43 <:1% >% 6+

8" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4% p+ >:1+

1" Ausæna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1% ><+

9" enbh+% V% 1% ><+ ‘ Di+ Olksb% Dgk/dbe+% t+ BB% p+ 809+

0" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 4% p+ >:8/>:9+‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ 14% >% 1+

6" Gptît% B% >4/>83 Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+%BBB% 4>:/4>93 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+%

BBB% <>% >83 Apbst+ 84% 1% <8/<9+

2" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 111/19:= Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% >8% 8>+ ‘Di+ Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% p+ >:8

]bwsl 3 Gptît% B% >0+

<:" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 1 at 9% p+ >:2/

><:3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% >% 83 84% 0% >: 3

14% >% 1 3 09% >3 66% 4 3 62% 43 <:1% >% 6+

<<" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 6+

<>" enbh+% k+ 1/0 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 8+



489 EA HGKLXBTOA

Dlkgks ê plrt% eas prgdæs/varnlux has sâlkdas sgkt dgopeæta/oakt parhus+ Tb`klegks dapakhlkt quaequas leeusbgks luxrâqubsbtgbras has sdfbsoltbquas+ Hlks sl eattra sykghlea luplpa% e'lssaoneâa h'Lreas sa pelbkt ha e'lttbtuha has hbssbhakts%

ha eaurs hâdeloltbgks vbgeaktas at aopfltbquas% ha eaur bksg/

eakda = « Bdb% hbsakt eas âvgquas% kgus lvgks hó suppgrtar hasbkmuras ghbausas at ogrtaeeas dgktra kgtra egb at kgtra trlhbtbgk%

eas lttlquas h'fgooas ê e'asprbt slks irabk+ L das fgooasâtlbakt sb âtrlk`æras e'lutgrbtâ tgumgurs prâsakta ha kgtra Hbau%el trlhbtbgk% el ræèa ha vârbtâ% qu'bes k'lvlbakt peus luduka

râsarva hlks eaurs hbsdgurs% luduka oasura hlks e'lddusltbgk%luduk sgudb ha prguvar da qu'bes lvlkàlbakt- ³+ Hlks eas

râqubsbtgbras bdb vbsâs% gk radgkklët el olkbæra ha Hgklt =

âvbhaooakt% hapubs ea dgkdbea ha ^goa% eas sdfbsoltbquask'lvlbakt rbak gunebâ% rbak lpprbs+ Ak hafgrs ha das leeusbgkslux hâdeloltbgks hgkltbstas% kgus k'lvgks luduka hgkkâaprâdbsa sur e'akquíta hu dgkdbea h'Lreas+ Taue% ea râsuetlt ak ast

dgkku h'uka ilàgk dartlbka+ Dladbeblkus iut ha kguvalu ldqubttâ%

at% ha kguvalu% sas lhvarslbras iurakt dgkhlokâs = « D'ast

pgurqugb% hbsakt akdgra eas âvíquas% plr ea muàoakt ha Hbauat ha kgtra oæra e'Âèbsa% qub dgkklët at lpprguva eas sbaks%

das àks/eê gkt âtâ dgkhlokâs at hângutâs ³ U

L hâilut hu prgdæs/varnle has luhbakdas% kgus pgssâhgks eas

Dlkgks hu Dgkdbea+ Das dlkgks kgus gkt âtâ dgksarvâs plr hakgonraux olkusdrbts has Ebnrb dlkgkuo ha @luea3 ha peus%

bes sgkt grhbklbraoakt mgbkts ê el râhldtbgk lnrâ`âa ha el eattra

sykghlea+ Be ak axbsta haux radaksbgks% e'uka dgopeæta% e'lutra

bkdgopeæta% slks plrear has sgoolbras 4+ Eas dlkgks sgkt lu

kgonra ha vbk`t/haux+ El peuplrt tgudfakt ê has râigroas hael hbsdbpebka% qub k'gkt rbak ha dgoouk lvad ea Hgkltbsoa+ Olbsquaequas/uks vbsakt eas dfgsas h'Lirbqua+ Xae ast ea fubtbæoadlkgk% sur ea nlptíoa has fârâtbquas+ Zlr da dlkgk% eas Dltfg/ebquas lirbdlbks lnlkhgkklbakt eaur vbabeea trlhbtbgk% qu'lvlbtsb âkar`bquaoakt hâiakhua Dyprbak% at qua havlbt `lrharmlegusaoakt e'Cèbsa ha Hgklt3 bes s'ak`làlbakt ê ka peus

ranlptbsar eas fârâtbquas dgkvartbs% ê eas râdgkdbebar saueaoakt%saegk e'uslà ha ^goa% plr e'bopgsbtbgk has olbks+ Ea dlkgk<4% âvbhaooakt bkspbrâ plr eas lttlquas dgktra Dladbeblkus haDlrtflà at Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb% ibxlbt el prgdâhura ê subvra hlkseas lddusltbgks ha trlhbtbg+ Gk havlbt âdlrtar hu dear`â qub

<" Lppakhbl h'Gptlt% k+ 8% p+ >:0+ •'-" Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BB% p+ 80:/8083>" Bnbh+% k+ <% p+ >:0+ Di+ b++ 1% p+ Ollssak% beasdf+ har \uaetak has dlkg/

•O {m+ kbsdfak e5a5 ftas% t+ <% p+ BTT at 21:+




dgkqua lurlbt ebvrâ eas Âdrbturas gu eas vlsas sldrâs gu akdgraeas kgos has ibhæeas% olbs saueaoakt hlks ea dls gò eas ilbts

sarlbakt âtlnebs plr has Ldtl pun bdl+ Eas grhbkltbgks ilbtas plrhas trlhbtaurs havlbakt ítra dgksbhârâas dgooa vlelneas% sb

Xgk k'lvlbt rbak ê raprgdfar lux parsgkkas grhgkkâas+' H'lbe/

eaurs% eas lddusltbgks ka sarlbakt lhobsas% qua sb eas pelb`klktsprghubslbakt has hgduoakts giibdbaes+ Ea dlkgk <8 oaklàlbth'axdgooukbdltbgk qubdgkqua pgrtarlbt uka ilussa lddusltbgk+

H'lutras hâdbsbgks h'Lreas plrlbssakt lvgbr au lussb quaequarlppgrt lvad eas quaraeeas lirbdlbkas+ Be ast prgnlnea qua

dartlbks âvíquas rleebâs dfardflbakt hæs egrs ê lrrgkhbr eaurhbgdæsa = ea dlkgk <0 hâiakhbt ê tgut âvíqua h'aopbâtar sur ea

hgolbka ha sas vgbsbks+ Has deards% peus gu ogbks dgoprgobshlks el parsâdutbgk gu ea sdfbsoa% bol`bklbakt ha dflkàrh'Âèbsa% pgur âvbtar ha rakhra has dgoptas = trgbs dlkgkstaktærakt h'aopídfar das ob`rltbgks suspadtas+ Hâsgrolbs%tgut deard havlbt rastar hlks ea hbgdæsa gò be lvlbt âtâ grhgkkâ&dlk+ >"3 ea deard qub sa sarlbt âtlneb fgrs ha sgk hbgdæsa% havrlbtítra+hâpgsâ &dlk+ ><" 3 uka axdgooukbdltbgk ka pguvlbt ítra

eavâa qua eê gò aeea lvlbt âtâ prgkgkdâa &dlk+ <9"+ Eas lnussb`kleâs ak Lirbqua saoneakt k'lvgbr pls âtâ âtrlkàrs ê das

ræèaoakts hbsdbpebklbras+

El eattra sykghlea lu plpa Tbevastra lvlbt pgur gnmat h'lvbsar

e'Âèbsa rgolbka ha tgutas eas hâdbsbgks prbsas ê Lreas+ Da hgdu/oakt kgus ast plrvaku sgus trgbs igroas <

+ El eattra prgpra/oakt hbta ast dgksarvâa saueaoakt hlks e'Lppakhbda h'Gptlt3aeea y ast uk pau bkdgopeæta% da qu'bkhbqua h'lbeeaurs% hlks ea

olkusdrbt% uk at datarl+ Has lnrâ`âs ha el pbæda grb`bkleaibùrakt hlks eas Ebnrb dlkgkuo ha @luea+ \uaequaigbs% d'ast

tgut ngkkaoakt uka râhldtbgk peus dgurta+ Olbs% `âkârleaoakt%ea sgoolbra ha el eattra ast subvb has sb`klturas at has hâdb/

sbgks = eas quaequas pfrlsas qub kgtbibakt e'akvgb% igroakt sbo/peaoakt uka bktrghudtbgk lux dlkgks+ Ak tgut dls% ea taxta

lutfaktbqua ha el eattra sykghlea ka sa trguva qua hlks e'Lp/

pakhbda h'Gptlt+ Datta eattra ast lhrassâa « lu træs dfar plpaTbevastra ³+ Tubvakt eas kgos ha trakta/trgbs âvíquas = h'lngrh%Olrbkus h'Lreas% at peus egbk% aktra lutras% Dladbeblkus ha Dlr/

tflà% Ilustbkus ha Xfunurng% âtbdbus h'Lutuk% Igrtukltusha Dlaslral% Eloplhbus h'Qtfbkl% Oltarkus ha Dgeg`ka+ Elilàgk hgkt ast râhb`âa el sleutltbgk h'uslà olrqua nbak e'bk/

U" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 8 3 Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ BB% p+ 892 at 80< 3 Ollssgk% g+ ]+%p+ <66at 21:+



486 EA HGKLXBTOA

taktbgk hu dgkdbea = « Lu træs dfar plpa Tbevastra+++ sleut âtar/

kae hlks ea Tab`kaur , Xgus ukbs plr ea ebak dgoouk ha el dfl/

rbtâ% hlks e'ukbtâ ha kgtra oæra e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% kgussgooas vakus bdb% hlks el dbtâ h'Lreas% plr el vgegktâ hu træs

pbaux aoparaur+ H'bdb% ø træs ègrbaux plpa% kgus ta sleugkslvad ea raspadt qub t'ast hó ³ '+ Lussbtøt% ea dgkdbea sa pelbkt hael vbgeakda hasHgkltbstas% ha eaurs hâdeloltbgks varnausas qub

ka dgktaklbakt pls uka lpplrakda ha prauva+ Ak lkkgkàlkt el

dgkhlokltbgk has hbssbhakts% eas âvíquas axprboakt ea ra`rat

qua ea plpa k'lbt pu prakhra plrt lu muàoakt+ H'lbeeaurs%

lmgutakt/bes% bes gkt prgibtâ ha e'gddlsbgk pgur râèar hbvars

pgbkts ha hbsdbpebka = bes dgooukbquakt eaurs hâdbsbgks ê eaur

dgeeæùa ha ^goa% ak ea prblkt ha eas ilbra dgkklëtra+ Tubt ukrâsuoâ has fubt praobars dlkgks+ Lpræs ea fubtbæoa% ea taxta

dgksarvâ ast nrusquaoakt bktarrgopu plr Rat datarl h'ukdgpbsta >

+ El elduka ast ildbea ê dgonear% lvad e'lbha ha e'lutra

râhldtbgk = el ibk hu hgduoakt dgktaklbt ak lnrâ`â eas qultgrzaharkbars dlkgks+ Ea tgk ha datta eattra sykghlea ast ê kgtar = akoíoa taops qu'be lttasta e'â`lebtâ has Âèbsas at el peabka bkhâ/

pakhlkda hu dgkdbea% ea hgduoakt pgrta el olrqua ha el hâiâ/

rakda plrtbduebæra tâogb`kâa ê e'âvíqua ha ^goa plr eas raprâ/

saktlkts has hbvarsas Âèbsas h'Gddbhakt+Qka eattra lklegùa hut ítra lhrassâa plr e'lssaoneâa h'Lreas

ê el dgoouklutâ ha Dlrtflà% pgur eub kgtbibar eas hâdbsbgks

prbsas% surtgut ak da qub dgkdarklbt el eâ`btbobtâ ha Dladbeblkus%

el dgkhlokltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas at el supprassbgk hu sadgkhnlptíoa+ E'axbstakda ha datta pbæda k'ast pls igroaeeaoakt

lttastâa3 olbs aeea ast træs vrlbsaonelnea% ê pau præs dartlbka%h'lpræs eas uslàs hu taops% at% peus akdgra% h'lpræs eas dbr/

dgkstlkdas+ Avbhaooakt% el kâdassbtâ s'bopgslbt h'uka dgoou/kbdltbgk hbradta% giibdbaeea% lussb prgopta qua pgssbnea% pgurdgupar dgurt lux prg`ræs hu sdfbsoa+

\ulkt ê el eattra hu dgkdbea ê e'aoparaur% aeea ast lttastâa plr

eas leeusbgks at el râpgksa ha Dgkstlktbk+ Lussbtøt lpræs lvgbr

rakhu sgk muàoakt% e'lssaoneâa h'Lreas s'aoprassl ha trlks/

oattra lu `guvarkaoakt% slks hguta lvad eas prgdæs/varnlux%eas râsuetlts ha e'akquíta grhgkkâa plr eub+ El râpgksa ha e'ao/

paraur plrlët s'ítra ilbt uk pau lttakhra% at k'ítra plrvakua luxâvíquas qua hlks eas harkbars mgurs ha e'lkkâa+ D'ast qua e'gnstb/

kltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas lvlbt akdgra dgopebquâ eas dfgsas+ Ak

<" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 8% p+ >::/>:0 >" Bnbh+% p+ >:6+

]bwsl+




oíoa taops qua ea rlppgrt hu dgkdbea âtlbt lrrbvâa ê el dgur uka

kguvaeea prgtastltbgk has hbssbhakts+ Zeus qua mlolbs% Dgkstlktbkâtlbt aonlrrlssâ+ Be s'âtgkklbt at s'brrbtlbt ha datta quaraeea tgu/

mgurs raklbsslkta+ Be ea elbssl vgbr hlks el eattra% h'lbeeaurs lssaz

âtrlkà% qu'be lhrassl lu dgkdbea+ Lu hânut% be plrea lvadquaequaaopflsa% at kgk slks gnsdurbtâ% ha sl dgkvarsbgk+ Zubs be iâeb/

dbta eas âvíquas 3 be sguflbta% slks y drgbra% qua eaur muàoaktrâtlnebssa el plbx+ H'uk tgk oâprbslkt% qub trlfbt uka dgeæra oledgktakua% be lkkgkda qua eas hbssbhakts s'gnstbkakt% prgtastakt

hâmê dgktra el saktakda% ak lppaeeakt akdgra lu `guvarkaoakt+Xgut ak s'bkhb`klkt dgktra das aktítâs% be sa râsb`ka ê lddaptareaur lppae+ Ak tarobklkt% be bkvbta eas oaonras hu dgkdbea êra`l`kar eaurs hbgdæsas+ Be hâdelra qu'be prakh has oasuras pgurrâèar eub/oíoa e'liilbra = be l grhgkkâ qu'gk eub loakît eas

hâeâùâs has sdfbsoltbquas% be l â`leaoakt âdrbt lu vbdlbra h'L/

irbqua ha ilbra lrrítar at akvgyar ê ^goa eas trgunea/iíta <+

Ole`râ tgut% datta eattra olusslha at hâdgurl`âa trlfbt e'brrâsg/

eutbgk ha e'aoparaur at e'bopubsslkda hu `guvarkaoakt+

Eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks k'âtlbakt pls ogbks hâdgurl`âs%saonea/t/be+ Ak tgut dls% pakhlkt eas trakta lkkâas qub sub/

vbrakt% kgus ka raeavgks luduka trlda ha eaur ldtbvbtâ sykghlea+Be ast pgssbnea qua eaurs âvíquas sa sgbakt râukbs plrigbs% plraxaopea vars 4>> at ak 44:% dgooa plrlbssakt e'bkhbquar haseattras ha Dgkstlktbk = olbs da iut saueaoakt pgur lhrassar haspelbktas ê e'aoparaur% qub% ak ratgur% eaur prghbùlbt eas dgkhg/eâlkdas at eas sarogks >

+ Be ilut leear musqu'ê el ibk hu ræ`ka haDgkstlkt% pgurvgbr eas âvíquas dltfgebquas hu plys sa dgkdartarhlks has sykghas ak vua h'uka ldtbgk dgoouka dgktra ea sdfbs/

oa =bes prgibtakt legrs has dbrdgkstlkdas pgur râgr`lkbsar eaurs

Aèbsas sunbtaoakt l`rlkhbas at akrbdfbas plr e'âhbt h'ukbgk+

Lu eakhaolbk ha el obssbgk ha Oldlrbus% vars el ibk ha e'lk/

kâa 480 gu ak 486% has sykghas prgvbkdblux iurakt dgkvgquâsak Lirbqua+ E'uka ha das lssaoneâas ast oaktbgkkâa axprassâ/

oakt = daeea ha Nyzldæka% qua plrlët lvgbr prâsbhâa Lnukhlk/tbus h'Flhruoæta 4

+ Be k'ast pls hgutaux qua has râukbgks lkl/

egùas lbakt au ebau ak Kuobhba at ak Dâslrbakka'+ Aktra lutrasrâigroas hbsdbpebklbras% das sykghas râ`bgklux s'gddupærakt harâèaoaktar ea dueta has olrtyrs% hapubs egk`taops dgoprgobsplr el hâvgtbgk lvauèa has Hgkltbstas 1

+

<" Lppakhbda h'Gptlt% k+ 1% p+ >:6/><: 4" Dgtbdbe+ Dlrtebl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ <4+

]bwsl+ 8" Axgrh+% at dlk+ >/4+

>" Lppakhbx h'Gptlt% k+ 2 at <: 3 Dgh+ 1" Dlk+ >+

Xfagh+% VYB% >% 0+



41: EA HGKLXBTOA

El oâog lkkâa gu e'lkkâa subvlkta% prgnlneaoakt ak 486%uk dgkdbea `âkârle sa râukbt ê Dlrtflà sgus el prâsbhakda ha@rltus <

+ H'lkdbaks âvgquas hbssbhakts% rleebâs ha el vabeea at

olbktakus hlks eaur hb`kbtâ% lssbstlbakt ê datta lssaoneâa 1+ Eas

hânlts iurakt hgobkâs plr e'bhâa ibxa h'liiarobr el vbdtgbrarâdaooakt raopgrtâa sur ea sdfbsoa+ Be s'l`bsslbt ha râgr/`lkbsar e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka% vbgeaooakt ukbibâa plr Eahbt haDgkstlkt% ha dgkibroar eas hâdbsbgks has hbvars sykghas prgvbk/dblux% ha igrtbibar el hbsdbpebka+

D'ast da qua olrqul nbak ea prâsbhakt @rltus% hlks sgk

hbsdgurs h'guvartura% lussb flnbea qua iaroa% at raeltbvaoaktoghârâ = « âkhgks `rîdas ê Hbau% hbt/be% ê Hbau tgut/pubsslkt at

ê Mâsus/Dfrbst+ Be l obs uk taroa ê das iukastas sdfbsoas3 be s'ast

tgurkâ vars sgk Âèbsa% pgur rloakar hlks sgk sabk tgus sasoaonras hbsparsâs+ Be l grhgkkâ lu træs raeb`baux aoparaurDgkstlkt ha râtlnebr e'ukbtâ at h'akvgyar eas obkbstras ha slslbkta aktraprbsa% eas sarvbtaurs ha Hbau% Zlueus at Oldlrbus+Hgkd% plr el vgegktâ ha Hbau% kgus sgooas râukbs ak uk sauedgrps+ Kgus lvgks pu dâeânrar has dgkdbeas hlks eas hbvarsas prg/vbkdas 3 at lumgurh'fub ea dgkdbea ha e'Lirbqua aktbæra s'lssaoneaê Dlrtflà plr el `rîda ha Hbau+ Hâebnâraz lvad vgtra fuoneasarvbtaur+ Hbsdutgks eas stltuts kâdasslbras 3 at% ak ea ilbslkt%

sguvakgks/kgus has prâdaptas hbvbks at ha e'aksab`kaoakt hashbvbkas Adrbturas+ ^lppaegks/kgus qua e'ukbtâ ast râtlneba = surdflqua pgbkt% kgs vgtas hgbvakt ogktrar ak oíoa taops quaDlrtflà k'liilbnebt pls el igrda ha el egb% at qua kâlkogbks% akda taops h'ukbtâ% aeea ka prakh pgbkt ha hâdbsbgks trgp

sâværas ³ 4+

Eas haux praobars dlkgks sgkt hbrb`âs kattaoakt dgktra ea

Hgkltbsoa+ E'uk h'aux hâiakhlbt axprassâoakt ha ranlptbsareas fârâtbquas gu sgfbsoltbquas rleebâs% qu'gk havlbt râdgkdbebarplr el sbopea bopgsbtbgk has olbks 8

+ Ea sadgkh dlkgk prgs/

drbvlbt sâværaoakt eas psauhg/olrtyrs hgkltbstas% at râèaoak/tlbt ea dueta has slbkts = « \u'luduk prgilka% hbt @rltus% kapubssa dgoprgoattra el hb`kbtâ has olrtyrs3 qu'be ka pubssa

dgkiârar datta hb`kbtâ ê has dlhlvras quaedgkquas bkfuoâssaueaoakt `rîda ê el dflrbtâ ha e'Aèbsa+ \u'gk ka hgkka pgbktea kgo ha olbe vbs ê has àks qub sa sgkt prâdbpbtâs h'uk rgdfarhlks uk lddæs ha igeba% gu qub sa sgóe tuâs h'uka ilàgk lkl/egùa ak dgooattlkt ea oíoa pâdfâ+ Da k'ast kb ea ogyak% kb

<" Di+ Fbstgbra ebttârlbra ha e'Lirbqua 4" Axgrh+dfrâtbakka% t+ BBB% p+ >><+ 8" Dlk+ <+

>" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ <>+




ea taops ha ilbra has olrtyrs ³ e+ Gk oaklàl ha pabkas sâværas

eas lutaurs ha dlkgkbsltbgks tâoârlbras = elçquas% bes sarlbakt

dgkhlokâs ê ilbra pâkbtakda3 deards% bes sarlbakt râprbolkhâs at

hâpgsâs lpræs akquíta >+

H'lutras hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea plrlbssakt lvgbr vbsâ bkhbradta/oakt eas Hgkltbstas bktrlksbàlkts gu eas rleebâs suspadts =

plr axaopea% eas dlkgks 1 at 0% qub hâiakhlbakt lux deards ha sa

ibxar% slks lutgrbsltbgk prâlelnea% hlks uk lutra hbgdæsa+ Easdlkgks <: at b!% qub bktarhbslbakt lux âvíquas h'aopbâtar surea hgolbka gu eas lttrbnutbgks ha eaurs vgbsbks% s'âdelbrakt ê el

euobæra h'uk durbaux dgooaktlbra fbstgrbqua qua kgus l dgk/sarvâ ea prgdæs/varnle = Lktb`gkus% âvíqua dltfgebqua haOlhlura% s'âtlbt pelbut ê e'lssaoneâa has l`bssaoakts ha sgkdgeeæùa Gptlktbus% uk rleebâ% lvad qub be lvlbt egyleaoakt plr/tl`â eas plrgbssas ha e'lkdbak hbgdæsa% olbs qub k'gnsarvlbt plseas delusas hu dgktrlt% at qub ka dasslbt ha eub akeavar hasibhæeas 4

+ Akibk% ea harkbar dlkgk trlfbt uka dartlbka oâiblkda êe'â`lrh has sdfbsoltbquas dgkvartbs = be âhbdtlbt has dfîtboaktssâværas dgktra eas deards guças ibhæeas qub ka sa dgkigroarlbaktpls strbdtaoakt lux prasdrbptbgks hu dgkdbea% kgtlooakt dgktraqubdgkqua ranlptbsarlbt 8

+ Gk vgbt qua @rltus at sas dgeeæùas kasa ilbslbakt pls dgopeætaoakt beeusbgk sur el sbkdârbtâ hasdgkvarsbgks+

Lpræs ea râvabe h'âkar`ba hgkt tâogb`ka ea dgkdbea ha @rltus%be saonea qua eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks sa sgbakt ha kguvalu% at

pgur egk`taops% lnlkhgkkâs+ Tlks hguta% be ast prgnlnea quaeaurs dfais sa râukbrakt peus tlrh pgur dgonlttra ea sdfbsoa

raklbsslkt% sgbt sgus ea ræ`ka ha Muebak% egrs ha el raktrâatrbgopflkta has Hgkltbstas axbeâs.% sgbt lpræs el ogrt haMuebak% egrs has prgdæs pgur el pgssassbgk has nlsbebquas 9

=

pgurtlkt% da k'ast qu'uka suppgsbtbgk% at ea sbeakda has taxtas

ast uka rlbsgk ha drgbra qua eas lhvarslbras has sdfbsoltbquaska hâpegyærakt pls uka `rlkha ldtbvbtâ+ Zakhlkt qulrlkta lks%

be k'ast peus quastbgk ak Lirbqua ha dgkdbeas dltfgebquas3 oíoahlks e'lssaoneâa ha Dlrtflà qua prâsbhl @akatfebus ak 42:%parsgkka ka plrut sgkàr ê e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% legrs peuspubsslkta qua mlolbs U Gk hbrlbt qua eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks hadatta pârbgha hâsaspârlbakt h'lrrítar ea prg`ræs hu sdfbsoa =

<" Dlk+ >+ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% <>% <23 Daktrl

>" enbh+% >+ btearls Zatbeblkb% <<% 2>% >:4+

4" enbh+% <>+ 9" Gptît% BBB% 4+

8" enbh+% <8+ 0" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`% lkk+ 42: &Olksb%

1" Gptît% BB% <1/<23 Luùstbk% Dgktrl Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 92< at 690"+



41> EA HGKLXBTOA

prasqua ouats pgur eaur dgopta% bes k'lttakhlbakt ea sleut qua hu`guvarkaoakt+ Ilbt sb`kbibdltbi% pakhlkt das qulrlkta lkkâas%

kgus dgkklbssgks saueaoakt haux dgkdbeas qub lbakt raprbs el

eutta dgktra e'Âèbsa ha Hgklt = at tgus haux sgkt has dgkdbeas

rgolbks+Gk sa sguvbakt ha Deluhblkus% datâvíqua hgkltbsta ha ^goa%

qub dlusl tlkt ha trldls lu plpa Hlolsa+ Axbeâ uka praobæraigbs ak Lirbqua% be âtlbt ravaku hlks el dlpbtlea% gò be lvlbt

radgooakdâ sl prgpl`lkha at sas bktrbùas+ Hlks uka eattra

sykghlea lhrassâa lux aoparaurs @rltbak at Yleaktbkbak% ea

dgkdbea rgolbk ha 406 pgrtl pelbkta dgktra Deluhblkus% at dgktrauk lutra Lirbdlbk% uk dartlbk âstbtutus = « Ak Lirbqua% hbslbt

ea dgkdbea% Ygtra Deâoakda l grhgkkâ qu'uk kgooâ âstbtutus

sarlbt trlhubt havlkt uk trbnukle h'âvíquas+ Be lurlbt hó gnâbr3

olbs dat fgooa% plr e'bktarvaktbgk vbgeakta h'uka trgupa h'bk/

sgeakts% l âdflppâ ê el kâdassbtâ ha pelbhar sl dlusa+ Ak Lirbqua%akdgra% vgus lvaz prasdrbt plr el vgegktâ ha Hbau e'axpuesbgk hassldrbeæàs qub ranlptbsakt3 olbs eas axpuesâs gkt grhgkkâ bdb

Deluhblkus% at% pgur trgunear el vbeea ha ^goa% bes ak gkt ilbt

eaur psauhg/âvøqua+ Da Deluhblkus% ak hâpbt has prâdaptas ha

el hbvbka Âdrbtura% ak hâpbt has ræèas âvlk`âebquas% prâtakhqua kgs âvgquas% daux hu taops plssâ at daux hu taops prâ/

sakt% gkt tgus âtâ has prgilkas% gu% pgur aopegyar sgk axpras/sbgk% has plçaks+ Da Deluhblkus% Ygtra Târâkbtâ l prasdrbt ha ea

dflssar ha ^goa% ha ea rakvgyar hlks sl pltrba+ Olbs% lu oâprbshas trbnuklux% at ole`râ sas irâquaktas lrrastltbgks% be k'akrâsbha pls ogbks bdb+ Tguvakt% lvad ha e'lràkt% be takta eas

pluvras àks3 at% qulkh be eâsl ldfatâs% be ka drlbkt pls hg eas

ranlptbsar+ Be eas hâpgubeea lbksb hu sldraoakt qu'bes lvlbaktraàu% peutøt qu'be ka eaur dgkiæra uk sldraoakt qub% ha tguta

âvbhakda% ka slurlbt ítra dgkiârâ haux igbs '+++ ³+ Eas aoparaurs@rltbak at Yleaktbkbak s'âourakt has pelbktas hu dgkdbea = hlksuk âhbt% qub iut prgoueùâ vars el ibk ha 406% at qub raprghub/slbt eas `rbais leeâùâs% bes grhgkkærakt lu vbdlbra Lqubebkush'axbear Deluhblkus% dgooa eas lutras akkaobs hu plpa Hlolsa%

ê dakt obeeas ha el dlpbtlea-+ Qka igbs ha peus% e'gk dflssl ha^goa e'aktrapraklkt Hgkltbsta% qub leel dfardfar quaraeea êsaslobs ha Dlrtflà 4

+

<" Apbstuel dgkdbebb rgolkb &lob+ 406" Apbs t+ <6% 6sqq+ ? Olksb% Dgkdbe+%b+ BBB%

oe @rltblkuo at Yleaktbkblkuo Bopa/ p+ tbb'T+

rlegras &Olksb% Dgkdbe+% B+ BBB% p+ 9>1/ 4" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 2%

9>9"+ < < = Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+

>" Lvaeelkl Dgeeadebg% âh+ @eektfar%




Fubt lks peus tlrh% uk lutra dgkdbea rgolbk s'gddupl akdgrahu Hgkltbsoa at hu sadgkh nlptíoa+ Lnlkhgkkâs plr eaur

âvíqua% naludgup h'lkdbaks ibhæeas ha Deluhblkus% daux qu'gklppaelbt eas Ogktausas% âtlbakt ravakus ê e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua+Zlr sgk fubtbæoa dlkgk% ea dgkdbea ha 469 spâdbibl qua das

rleebâs% kgtlooakt eas deards% havlbakt ítra râdgkdbebâs plre'bopgsbtbgk has olbks+ Ea plpa slbsbt datta gddlsbgk pgurrâvabeear ea zæea has Lirbdlbks ak eaur hgkklkt uka eaàgk = be ea

ibt hlks uka eattra « ê sas iræras at dg/âvíquas h'Lirbqua ³ U Eloíoa lkkâa% uk dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà plrlbt lvgbr lhgptâ eas kauidlkgks mgbkts ê el eattra% y dgoprbs ea dlkgk sur eas sdfbsol/tbquas dgkvartbs >

+ ‘ Ak das taops/eê% eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks

ak âtlbakt râhubts ê lttakhra ha ^goa el kguvaeea h'uka vbd/

tgbra sur ea Hgkltbsoa3 olbs eas dfgsas leelbakt dflkàr nbak/

tøt% lvad el dlopl`ka h'Luùstbk at ha sas lobs+

BBB

Dgkdbeas hu taops h'Luùstbk &42>/84:"+ ‘ Lssaoneâas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Dgkdbea olxb/oblkbsta ha Dlrtflà% ak 42>+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea+ ‘ Dgkdbea olxboblkbsta haDlnlrsussl% hu >8%mubk 424+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea% kgtbiblkt el hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrb/

oblkus+ ‘ Dgkdbea prboblkbsta haNl`lç+hu >8 lvrbe 428+ ‘ Taktakda ha dgkhlo/kltbgk dgktra Olxboblkus at sas plrtbslks+ ‘ Dgkdbeas prboblkbstas ha Dgkstlk/tbka at ha Obeav% vars 429/420+ // Dgkdbea prboblkbsta ha Xflou`lhb ak 420+ ‘Dgkdbea prboblkbsta ha 8:4+ ‘ Dgkdbea hgkltbsta% râukb ê Dlrtflà ak 8<<+ ‘Tykgha hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba% ak 8<6 gu 8<2+ ‘ Lssaoneâas dltfgebquas+ ‘Dgkdbea h'Fbppgka% hu 6 gdtgnra 424+ ‘ Dlkgks raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbeaha Dlrtflà% hu >6 lgót 420+ ‘ Dlkgks sur ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlr/tflà% hu >0 lvrbe 422+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <9 mubk 8:<+ ‘ Hâputltbgk luxâvæquas

ha ^goaat ha Obelk+ ‘ Dgkdbea rgolbk &âtâ ha 8:<"+ ‘ Eattra sykg/

hlea lux âvæquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <4 saptaonra 8:<+ ‘Zrgmats ha dgkiârakdas lvad eas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Eattras sykghleas+ ‘ Dgkdbeaha Obeav% hu >0 lgót 8:>+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu >1 lgót 8:4+ ‘ Kguvaluxprgmats ha kâ`gdbltbgks at ha dgkiârakdas lvad eas âvæquas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘Bkstrudtbgks lux âvæquas dltfgebquas% at oghæea ha prgdâhura+ ‘ Eattras sykg/hleas lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <9 mubk 8:8+ ‘Hâputltbgk ê e'aoparaur at eattras sykghleas+ ‘ Dgódbea ha Dlrtflà% hu >4lgòt8:1+ ‘ Eattras sykghleas+ ‘ Dlkgk raeltbi ê el dgkvarsbgk has Hgkltbstas+ ‘Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <4 mubk 8:0+ ‘ ^âgr`lkbsltbgk has lkdbakkas dgoou/klutâs sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Lonlsslha lux aoparaurs+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflà%hu <9 mubk at hu <4 gdtgnra 8:6+ ‘ Lonlsslhas ê e'aoparaur ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlr/

tflà% hu <8 mubk 8<:+ ‘ Hâputltbgk at raquíta ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Dgkdbea dltfg/ebqua% râukb ê Dlrtflà ak olb 8<<+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% hu <8 mubk 8<>+ ‘Eattra sykghlea lux Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Nyzldæka% hu >8 iâvrbar 8b6+

Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <. olb 8<6+ ‘ Dlkgks raeltbis ê el dgkvarsbgk has

sdfbsoltbquas at ê el râgr`lkbsltbgk has hbgdæsas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu

<" Tbrbda% Apbseuel lh irltras at dga/ >" Iarrluhus% Nravbltbg dlkgkuo% <083

pbsdgpgs par Lirbdlbk% 6 3 Olksb% Dgkdbe+% Olksb% Dgkdbe+/% <+ <<<% S;+ 992 3 t+ BY% p+ 402+

t+ BBB% p+ 90:+

BY • >4






\ulrlkta/trgbs âvíquas% el peuplrt ha Nyzldæka% râpgkhbrakt ê

dat lppae% at lrrbværakt ê Dlrtflà = quaequas ogbs lpræs e'âead/

tbgk ha Zrboblkus% d'ast/ê/hbra vars el ibk ha 42>+ Eas âvíquassa prgpgslbakt ha sbâàr% subvlkt el dgutuoa% hlks uka has nlsb/

ebquas ha Dlrtflà% prgnlneaoakt hlks daeea qua Olxboblkuslhobkbstrlbt ak qulebtâ ha hbldra+ Axpuesâs ha e'âèbsa plr ukaâoauta% at oíoa plr el pgebda hgkt Zrboblkus lvlbt raqubse'bktarvaktbgk% bes sa râiu`bærakt hlks uka olbsgk plrtbduebæra%

quaequa vbeel has ilungur`s+ E'lssaoneâa% qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ

prâsbhâa plr ea prbolt ha Nyzldæka% hâebnârl hlks uk dleoa rael/tbi+ L trgbs raprbsas% aeea akvgyl has hâputâs &ea`ltb" ê Zrbobl/kus% e'bkvbtlkt ê vakbr sa mustbibar% giirlkt oíoa ha sa trlks/pgrtar ak dgrps lupræs ha eub+ Ea prbolt raiusl kat% at oíoaelbssl oleoakar eas lonlsslhaurs+ Ea dgkdbea plssl gutra% at

bkstrubsbt ea prgdæs+ Be aktakhbt ha kgonraux tâogbks% raeavlha kgonraux `rbais+ Zrboblkus iut dgkhlokâ ê e'uklkbobtâ3olbs gk hâdbhl ha eub lddgrhar uk hâelb pgur sa mustbibar% at harâsarvar el sgeutbgk hâibkbtbva ê uk lutra dgkdbea+ Gk lvbsl% plreattras sykghleas% tgutas eas dgoouklutâs hgkltbstas <

+

Ea hgssbar hu dgkdbea olxboblkbsta ha Dlrtflà kgus ast

dgkku bkhbradtaoakt plr eas Ldtas ha Dlnlrsussl at plr ea

tâogb`klà h'Luùstbk+ Be dgopraklbt eas pbædas subvlktas =

el eattra has sakbgras ê Zrboblkus% at eaur raquíta lux âvíquashu plrtb

>3 ea prgdæs/varnle has kâ`gdbltbgks lvad Zrboblkus 4

3

ea dgopta/rakhu has sâlkdas at ha e'akquíta% lvad eas hâpgsb/tbgks has tâogbks% eas vgtas% el saktakda Ssaktaktbl% hadratuo"-'%

akibk% el trldtlbgrbl% gu eattra sykghlea akvgyâa ê tgutas easdgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas pgur eaur kgtbibar eas ilbts% eas

pelbktas dgktra ea prbolt% sgk raius ha dgoplrlëtra% eas `rbais

raeavâs% el dgkhlokltbgk prgvbsgbra {prlahloklebg%

prlamuhb/dbuo"% sgus râsarva h'lppae'+

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 2% >93 Tarog ha beeg &Zrboblkg" obsarukt% dgkquaraktasBe bk Zsleo+ 49% <2/>:3 Dgktrl Drasdg/ qubl kgeubt lh beegs axbra+++ Kgk ast a`ras/kbuo% BY% 9% 03 0% 63 @asel duo Aoa/ sus &Zrboblkus"% sbdut agruo bkhbdlt Xrld/rbtg% 2+ tltgrbl Ldtbs bksarel+++ ³ &Tarog BB bk

>" Tarog << bk Zsleo+ 49% >: &p+ 400/ Zsleo+ 49% <2 ‘ p+ 401"+ ‘ Hlks da pls/406 Ob`ka"+ slà% be s'l`bt âvbhaooakt% kgk ha el eattra

4" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY%0% 63 Tarog sykghlea hu dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl &hgdu/bk Zsleo+ 49% <2 at >: &p+ 401 at oakt qub lvlbt pgur gnmat ha kgtbibar el

402" 3 @astl duo Aoarbtg% 2+ hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrboblkus% at qu'Luùstbk

8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0 3 lppaeea dgkdbebuo Olxboblkbstlruo"Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% >: &p+ 406/402"+ olbs h'uka eattra sykghlea lktârbaura% daeea

1" « Apbsdgpb dgksaktbaktas duo Olxb/ hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà ha 42>% plrtbaeea/

oblkg% lhfud hbldgkg bpsbus &Zrboblkb"% oakt raprghubta hlks el sykghlea ha Dlnlr/vakarukt lh Dlrtfl`bkao% sbdut sa flnat sussl+

Xrldtltgrbl+++ Ar`g prbog Xrldeltgrblo



419 EA HGKLXBTOA

\uaequas ogbs peus elrh% el ruptura iut dgksgooâa plr ea

dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl+ Hlks e'bktarvleea% eas Olxboblkbstaslvlbakt `l`kâ hu tarrlbk% surtgut ak Nyzldæka+ D'ast hlks datta

prgvbkda% havakua eaur daktra h'ldtbgk% qu'bes sa râukbrakt hakguvalu ak mubk 424% ê Dlnlrsussl% sgus el prâsbhakda ha eaur

hgyak% Ybdtgrbkus ha Oukldblkl+ Qka daktlbka h'âvíquas huplrtb âtlbakt prâsakts+ Bes radgooakdærakt dgopeætaoakt e'bks/

trudtbgk hu prgdæs ha Zrboblkus at dgkibroærakt ê e'uklkbobtâel dgkhlokltbgk lktârbaura = ea >8 mubk% dgooa e'bkhbquakt eas

Ldtas% bes prgkgkdærakt sgeakkaeeaoakt el hâpgsbtbgk hu prbolt+Bes râhb`ærakt lussbtøt uka eattra sykghlea% qub plr tguta

e'Lirbqua% ê tgutas eas dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas% leel pgrtar el

saktakda% ak oaklàlkt h'axdgooukbdltbgk qubdgkqua k'lurlbt

pls rgopu lvad Zrboblkus hlks eas hâelbs prâvus '+

Datta eattra sykghlea kgus l âtâ dgksarvâa plr Luùstbk% qube'l dgooaktâa at trlksdrbta pfrlsa plr pfrlsa% hlks uk sarogkprgkgkdâ ê Dlrtflà vars el ibk ha 8:4/ = be suiibt ha oattrangut ê ngut eas irlòakts pgur radgkstbtuar ea hgduoakt tgutaktbar% y dgoprbs e'aktíta at eas sb`klturas+ Xræs prâdbausa akaeea/oíoa% el eattra kgus raksab`ka ak gutra sur eas Ldtas hudgkdbea% hgkt aeea âtlbt dgooa uk râsuoâ+ Ygbdb eas pbædas quadgktaklbt ea hgssbar = eas prgtastltbgks lhrassâas suddassbva/oakt ê Zrboblkus at ê tgus eas lutras âvíquas hgkltbstas plreassakbgras ha el dgoouklutâ sdfbsoltbqua ha Dlrtflà Ssakbgruoebttarlr" 4

3 el eattra hu dgkdbea olxboblkbsta taku ê Dlrtflà ak42> &trldtlegrbl Ldtbs bksartl"- 3 ea prgdæs/varnle has sâlkdas ha

Dlnlrsussl at has akquítas sur Zrboblkus & /+g`kbebg" l 3 el sak/takda hu dgkdbea {saktaktbl% hadratuo" 9

3 el eattra dbrduelbra luxAèbsas {brldtltgrbl" <

+ Eas praobæras pbædas hu hgssbar kgussgkt dgkkuas hâmê3 eas lutras sgkt bksârâas ak `rlkha plrtba

hlks el eattra sykghlea+L hâiluthu prgdæs/varnle hâtlbeeâ has hânlts% kgus pgssâhgks

akdgra% âolklkt hu dgkdbea eub/oíoa% haux râsuoâs giibdbaes

has dflràs prghubtas dgkiba Zrboblkus lu dgurs has hauxakquítas suddassbvas+ Qk praobar hgduoakt dgktbakt râoukâ/rltbgk has ldtas sdlkhleaux hu prbolt {sdlkhlea% Zrboblkb"% qublvlbakt aktrlëkâ sl dgkhlokltbgk prgvbsgbra plr e'lssaoneâa ha

<% Apbst+ <:6% >% 13 <8<3 t+= <61% <%<03 1" Tarog BB u% Zsleo+ 49+ >: {};+ 4<2"+

kg BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <2/>:3 bo% fl 9 « BB.+/ kgseruo hadratuo ³ Sbnbh+%

gkbuo% BY% 9% < = e;5/ flaras+% 92+ p+ 46:"+ ‘ Di+ Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9%

>" Tarog BB bk Zsleo% 49% =;:+ < 3 0% s+

=b" Bnbh+% b'+ 400/406+ 0" F)d ugstrl Xrldtltgrbl ³ STarog BB bk

f" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <2 &p+ 401"+ Zsleo+ 49% >:+ ‘ |;+ 46:"+

B




Dlrtflà+ Ygbdb ea raeavâ ha das `rbais = <º L pabka grhgkkâ%Zrboblkus l vgueu dgktrlbkhra sas prítras ê irlppar slks rlb/

sgk qultra hbldras astboâs ha tgus% Olxboblkus% ^g`ltblkus%Hgkltus% Tle`lobus3 >º Tur ea raius has prítras gu havlkt eaur

sbeakda% be l eub/oíoa axdgooukbâ eas sushbts hbldras% at dael

lu oâprbs has ræèas ha el hbsdbpebka% slks sgudb ha el prgdâhuraak uslà% « lu pgbkt qua ea hbldra Olxboblkus% uk fgooa hgkte'bkkgdakda ast dgkkua ha tgus% l âtâ irlppâ lrnbtrlbraoakt%slks prgdæs% slks lddusltaur% slks tâogbk% ak sgk lnsakda%âtlkt olelha at hlks sgk ebt ³ 3

4º Zrboblkus% dgktrlbraoakt ê

el egb at lux hâdrats has dgkdbeas% l lhobs has dguplneas ê elslbkta dgooukbgk% has sdfbsoltbquas lvârâs dgooa eas

Deluhblkbstas3 8º Ole`râ e'gppgsbtbgk ha prasqua tgus eas

ibhæeas% ole`râ eas prgtastltbgks has sakbgras% be k'l pls vgueurlppgrtar das oasuras beeâ`leas3 1º \ulkh eas âvíquas% sur el

haolkha has safbgras% sa sgkt râukbs ê Dlrtflà pgur guvrbreaurakquíta% be l raiusâ gnstbkâoakt h'aktrar ak dgooukbdltbgklvad aux3 9º Be l elkdâ sur aux uka nlkha h'âkarùoækas% pubs

be l obs ak oguvaoakt el pgebda pgur eaur bktarhbra e'lddæs has

nlsbebquas <+ ‘ Xaeeas sgkt eas rlbsgks qub lvlbakt ogtbvâ el pra/

obæra dgkhlokltbgk ha Zrboblkus% at qua raprghubt h'lngrh el

Brldtltgrbl ha 424% âvbhaooakt h'lpræs eas Ldtas hu prâdâhaktdgkdbea ha Dlrtflà+

Hlks uk sadgkh hgduoakt sgkt dgksb`kâs eas râsuetlts ha el

sadgkha akquíta% daeea ha Dlnlrsussl+ Ea hgssbar s'âtlbt `rgssb

hlks e'bktarvleea = lux `rbais hâmê dgkkus s'lmgutakt legrs

naludgup h'lutras dflràs+ Ak vgbdb ea raeavâ dgopeat at giibdbae%

h'lpræs eas dgksbhârlkts ha el dgkhlokltbgk hâibkbtbva = l Daoíoa Zrboblkus% praobæraoakt% l ilbt âebra has âvíquas akraopeldaoakt h'âvíquas akdgra vbvlkts+ Be l lhobs has sldrb/

eæàs ê el dgooukbgk has slbkts+ Be l taktâ ha dgktrlbkhra has

prítras ê igroar uk dgopegt+ Be l ilbt matar ea prítra Igrtukltushlks uk deglqua% pgur lvgbr nlptbsâ has olelhas+ Be l raiusâ el

dgooukbgk lu prítra Haoatrbus% pgur ea igrdar ê hâsfârbtar sgkibes+ Be l gutrl`â ea oíoa prítra pgur lvgbr hgkkâ e'fgspbtlebtâ

ê has âvíquas+ Ea sushbt Zrboblkus l akdgra akvgyâ uka iguea

ha sdâeârlts rakvarsar has olbsgks ha dfrâtbaks+ Has âvíquas at

has deards gkt âtâ lssbâ`âs aksaonea% pubs elpbhâs plr sas sltae/

ebtas+ Hlks uka nlsbebqua gkt âtâ irlppâs has sakbgras% qubs'bkhb`klbakt ha vgbr eas Deluhblkbstas lhobs ê el dgooukbgk+Zrboblkus l dru havgbr dgkhlokar has deards bkkgdakts+ Be

<" Tarog << bk Zsl o+ 49% >:+ ‘ Z+ 406/402+



416 EA HGKLXBTOA

k'l pls vgueu sa prâsaktar ê kgus pgur sa mustbibar3 be kgus l

aopídfâs h'aktrar hlks eas nlsbebquas% hgkt be kgus l ilbt iaroareas pgrtas plr el iguea at plr el pgebda+ Be l rapgussâ lvad hasgutrlàs eas hâputâs akvgyâs plr kgus+ Be l usurpâ nalu/dgup h'booauneas% h'lngrh plr el igrda% pubs ak vartu hahâdbsbgks muhbdblbras+ Akibk% be s'ast rakhu dguplnea h'lutras ldtasbeebdbtas% qua% plr nbaksâlkda ha styea% kgus lvgks plssâs sgussbeakda ³'+ ‘ Ole`râ sgk sgudb has nbaksâlkdas% gk vgbt qua ea

dgkdbea lvlbt taku ê ogtbvar lopeaoakt sgk axdgooukbdltbgk%at qua sgk prgdæs/varnle has drboas hu prbolt ka olkqulbt kb

ha prâdbsbgk kb ha pbttgrasqua+El saktakda hu dgkdbea haDlnlrsussl &sakiaktbl% hadratuo" ast

raprghubta tgut lu egk` hlks el eattra sykghlea+ Gk y hbstbkùatrgbs lrtbdeas% gò sgkt vbsâas trgbs dltâ`grbas ha dguplneas at hasuspadts = h'lngrh Zrboblkus saue% pubs eas âvíquas gu deards hasgk plrtb% akibk eas elçquas+ Ygbdb% ak elbsslkt ha døtâ eas dgksbhâ/rlkts% eas taroas ha el dgkhlokltbgk hu prbolt = « Kgus lvgkshâdrâtâ% kgus tgus% âvíquas ha Hbau% ak prâsakda ha e'Asprbt/

Tlbkt% qua da oíoa Zrboblkus+++ âtlbt dgkhlokâ ê parpâtubtâ plrea dfŔur has âvíquas = be ka ilut pls qua sgk dgktldt pubssasgubeear e'Âèbsa ha Hbau plr el dgktl`bgk ha quaequa drboa+++ ³+

Tubt uka dbtltbgk ha slbkt Zlue% hastbkâa ê mustbibar e'grhra hargopra lvad ea dgkhlokâ+ Ea sadgkh lrtbdea dgkdarka eas

oaonras hu dear`â% qub% sgus pabka ha hâpgsbtbgk at h'axdgo/oukbdltbgk% havlbakt sa sâplrar ha Zrboblkus hlks uk hâelb hasbx ogbs = « Kgus lvgks hâdbhâ% kgus at e'Asprbt/Tlbkt% h'lddgrharlux ratlrhltlbras uk hâelb pgur eaur dgkvarsbgk% lux dgkhbtbgks

subvlktas = qubdgkqua% plrob eas âvíquas gu eas deards% lurlkâèb`â sgk sleut% at hapubs ea mgur ha el dgkhlokltbgk hu sus/hbt Zrboblkus% d'ast/ê/hbra hapubs ea 6 has dleakhas ha mubeeat%

musqu'lu 6 has dleakhas ha mlkvbar% k'lurl pls lnlkhgkkâ el

dgooukbgk hu dgkhlokâ Zrboblkus% tgonarl sgus ea dgup hael oíoa saktakda ³+ Zgur eas sbopeas ibhæeas% slks hguta mu`âspeus eakts hlks eaurs dgkvarsbgks% at sur easquaes gk pguvlbth'lbeeaurs asdgoptar e'ldtbgk has âvíquas rleebâs% ea hâelb âtlbt

prgegk`â musqu'ê el iíta ha Zîquas% akvbrgk kaui ogbs= «

Easelçquas lussb% spâdbiblbt ea harkbar lrtbdea% eas elçquas havrgkt sa

sâplrar ha Zrboblkus aktra ea mgur sushbt ha sl dgkhlokltbgkat ea mgur haeê prgdflbka Zîquas = sbkgk% qu'gk ea sldfa% kueka pgurrl raprakhra sl pelda hlks e'Aèbsa qua plrea ogyakhg el pâkbtakda ³ s

+

<" Ttrog BB bk e'sleo+ 49% >:+ / > Takkg BB bk e'sleo+ 49% >:+ ‘<³+ 402+ Z+ 4<2/46:+




El eattra sykghlea &trldeltgrbl"% râsuoâ has Ldtas hu dgkdbea%

ast uk hgduoakt lssaz dgopeaxa+Aeea ast

lhrassâa«

Luxtræs

slbkts iræras at dgeeæùas âtlnebs hlks e'Lirbqua aktbæra% d'ast/ê/

hbra hlks el Zrgvbkda Zrgdgksuelbra% ak Kuobhba% ak Olurâtl/kba% ak Nyzldæka at ak Xrbpgebtlbka% olbs lussb lux prítras% luxhbldras% at ê tgus eas ibhæeas qub dgonlttakt lvad kgus hlks el

vârbtâ ha e'Avlk`bea+++ ³ '+ Ybakt aksubta uka ebsta ha trakta/kaui

kgos h'âvíquas% qub sa tarobka plr el igrouea = « at tgus eas

lutras% kgus tgus qub âtbgks lu dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl% sleut

âtarkae hlks ea Tab`kaur 4 ³+ E'axgrha ka olkqua pls h'flnbeatâ+

D'ast Hbau eub/oíoa% liibroakt eas âvíquas% qub eaur l bopgsâeas tarrbneas igkdtbgks ha muà = « Be k'ast parsgkka qub ka ea

sldfa% kgs træs dfars iræras = eas âvíquas hu Tab`kaur% kgk plreaur prgpra vgegktâ% olbs sur eas bkmgkdtbgks ha el egb hbvbka%

hgbvakt rakhra eaur saktakda dgktra eas dguplneas% dgooa bes

hgbvakt subvlkt e'âqubtâ âdlrtar has bkkgdakts uka dgkhlokl/tbgk bkmusta+ Be s'axpgsarlbt ê uk hlkàr tarrbnea% daeub qub âplr/

`karlbt uk dguplnea gu taktarlbt h'lddlnear uk bkkgdakt+++ ³'+

Hgkd% ea havgbr has âvíquas âtlbt trldâ h'lvlkda = qulkh bes gktraàu el raquíta has sakbgras ha Dlrtflà% bes gkt hó bkstrubra ea

prgdæs ha Zrboblkus+ Bes aspârlbakt% bes sguflbtlbakt dgkstltar

at prgdeloar sgk bkkgdakda+ Olefaurausaoakt% « eas sdlkhleas

ha Zrboblkus% sgk axtrlgrhbklbra sdâeârltassa% gkt lttbrâ sur eub

ea muàoakt hu dbae = gk l hó ratrlkdfar hu dgrps ha e'Aèbsa

e'lutaur ha das igrilbts ³-+ Ea dgkdbea âkuoæra lvad dgopelb/slkda eas drboas hu prbolt% h'lngrh daux qub lvlbakt âtâ râvâeâs

plr el praobæra akquíta% at qub e'lvlbakt ilbt dgkhlokar ukapraobæra igbs ê Dlrtflà+ Zubs% hlks uka egkùa subta ha dgksb/

hârlkts% be râsuoa tgutas eas dflràs prghubtas dgktra e'lddusâ

hlks ea prgdæs ha Dlnlrsussl 1+ Akibk% be kgtbiba sl saktakda =

axdgooukbdltbgk at hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrboblkus% pabkas lklegùasdgktra tgus sas dgopebdas gu plrtbslks qub k'lurlbakt pls rgopulvad ea dguplnea hlks uk hâelb ibxâ ê sbx ogbs pgur eas âvíquasgu deards% ê kaui ogbs pgur eas elçquas 9

+ E'gnmat prbkdbple ha el

eattra sykghlea âtlbt prâdbsâoakt h'bkvbtar tgus eas ibhæeas ê sa

sâplrar lussbtøt hu prbolt bkhb`ka = « Zgur lssurar el puratâha e'Aèbsa% kgus lvgks mu`â utbea h'lvartbr plr el prâsakta trld/

eltgrbl tgus eas slbkts âvíquas at tgus eas deards at tgus eas

paupeas qub sa sguvbakkakt h'ítra dfrâtbaks = tgus hgbvakt âvbtar

lvad sgbk at prakhra ak fgrraur el dgooukbgk ha Zrboblkus%

<" Tarog ee%oZsleo+ 49%>:+ ‘ Z+ 409+ 8" Tarogee bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+ / Z+ 4<6+

>" Bnbh+% p+ 409/400+ 1" Bnbh+% p+ 406/402+

4" Bnbh+% p+ id400+ 9" Bnbh+% p+ 402/46:+



49: EA HGKLXBTOA

hâsgrolbs dgkhlokâ+ << havrl eub/oíoa rakhra dgopta ha sl

ogrtaeea hâdfâlkda% daeub qub sarl rastâ sgurh ê kgtra hâdrat at

lurl taktâ ha ea vbgear ' ³+

Ea hgduoakt sa tarobka plr uka egkùa sârba ha sb`klturas =

h'lutlkt peus prâdbausa% qua ea kgo ha dflqua âvíqua ast

lddgopl`kâ hu kgo ha sgk âvídfâ+ Ak títa ibùra ea prâsbhakthu dgkdbea% hgyak/prbolt ha Nyzldæka% Ybdtgrbkus ha Oukl/dblkl+ Zubs sa suddæhakt% paut/ítra lu flslrh% paut/ítra hlkse'grhra h'lkdbakkatâ% eas âvíquas has hbiiâraktas prgvbkdas = el

peuplrt ha Nyzldæka% peusbaurs ha Xrbpgebtlbka gu ha Zrgdgksu/

elbra% quaequas/uks ha Kuobhba gu ha Olurâtlkba+ Zlrob eassb`kltlbras% gk raolrqua kgtlooakt Iegraktbus h'Flhruoæta%uk dartlbk Ob``bk sb`klkt pgur Tlevbus ha Oaonrassl% Hgkltusha Tlnrltl% Zrlataxtltus h'Lssurls% Ybdtgrbkus ha Eaptbs Ol`kl%&Mubktlsbus ha Dlpsl% Iaebdblkus ha Oustb% Faepbhbus ha Xfys/hrus% Zarsavarlktbus ha Xfavasta >

+ Ak tgut% dbkqulkta/trgbssb`klturas% « gokas kuoârg qubkqul`bktl træs ³% dgooa e'bk/

hbquakt eas harkbars ogts hu hgduoakt 4+ Be y l dapakhlkt eê

uka arraur = das qultra ogts ka pauvakt ítra qu'uka lhhbtbgkha dgpbsta% prgvaklkt h'uk axaopelbra outbeâ% at el ebsta dgk/sarvâa has sb`klturas ast sóraoakt bkdgopeæta+ H'lngrh% peu/

sbaurs âvíquas oaktbgkkâs hlks Xak/títa ha el eattra% dgooalylkt râhb`â gu lpprguvâ el pbæda% ka ibùrakt peus lumgur/h'fub plrob eas sb`kltlbras+ H'lutra plrt% kgus slvgks qua e'ls/

saoneâa lvlbt râukb uka daktlbka h'âvíquas = Luùstbk e'l hbt

vbk`t igbs8

% at be ea râpæta hlks ea sarogk oíoa gò be raprghubth'uk ngut ê e'lutra ea taxta hu hgduoakt + Ole`râ el patbta

elduka ha el ibk% el eattra ha Dlnlrsussl ast e'uka has pbædas eas

peus dgopeætas ak da àkra+ Aeea prâsakta uk træs `rlkh bktârít

pgur e'fbstgbra hu Olxboblkbsoa at has quaraeeas raeb`bausas akLirbqua+ Gk hgbt ak kgtar ea tgk raeltbvaoakt oghârâ% lvadeaquae dgktrlstakt sbkùebæraoakt eas hâdeloltbgks flbkausasat lpgdleyptbquas hu dgkdbea prboblkbsta ha Nl`lç+

Gk l sguvakt râpâtâ% at dael hæs ea taops h'Luùstbk% quae'lssaoneâa ha Dlnlrsussl lvlbt âeu Olxboblkus f el pelda ha

Zrboblkus+ Da sarlbt uka arraur% sb da k'âtlbt sbopeaoakt ukailàgk lnrâ`âa ha plrear 3 ak tgut dls% d'ast dgkigkhra e'bktak/

tbgk lvad ea ilbt+ Olxboblkus% akdgra sbopea hbldra% k'lvlbt pumguar uk røea giibdbae hlks eas râukbgks âpbsdgpleashasas lobs3

<" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ +',9+ >:+ ‘ Z+ 46:+ Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% <% 8% 6 3 Dgkerl>" Bnbh+% p+ 46:/46<+ Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <4% <93 BY% 9% 0 3 Ha4" Bnbh+% p+ 46>+ flaras+% 92+

8" Apbst+ <:6% >% 13 <8<% 93 Dgktrl Tarog BB bk Zslerr"+ 49% >4 &p+ 464"+




at ea dgkdbea has hbssbhakts k'lvlbt pls ê âebra e'âvíqua ha Dlr/

tbelà+ Dapakhlkt% Olxboblkus k'ak âtlbt pls ogbks ea dfai huplrtb% qub hâmê pgrtlbt sgk kgo3 at ea dgkdbea ha Dlnlrsussl%

ak hâpgslkt Zrboblkus% sgkàlbt âvbhaooakt ê ea raopeldarplr sgk hbldra+ ^bak pgurtlkt ka e'bkhbqua hlks el eattra sykg/hlea+ D'ast qua eas Hgkltbstas liiadtlbakt ea raspadt has trlhb/

tbgks = bes taklbakt ê gnsarvar el prgdâhura ak uslà pgur eas

âeadtbgks âpbsdgpleas+ L Dlnlrsussl% eas Olxboblkbstas ka sgu/eaværakt oíoa pls el quastbgk hu raopeldaoakt ha Zrboblkus 3

olbs% lussbtøt lpræs eaur saktakda% bes sa rakhbrakt ê Dlrtflà%

gò bes ibrakt âebra Olxboblkus plr eaur dgoouklutâ egdlea+

Hguza h'aktra aux% subvlkt el dgutuoa% grhgkkærakt booâhbl/taoakt ea kguvalu prbolt <

+ Zlr eê% bes sa hâsb`klbakt peus spâ/dbleaoakt lux dgups ha sas lhvarslbras = bes havlbakt s'ak lpar/davgbr nbaktøt% ê eaurs hâpaks% ak sa hânlttlkt lu obebau hasprgdæs at has parsâdutbgks+

Ole`râ eaurs `rbais sb eâ`btboas dgktra Zrboblkus% el olmg/rbtâ has Hgkltbstas lvlbakt ibkb plr sa rleebar lutgur ha eub+ Bes

râpgkhbrakt ak iguea ê sgk= lppae% qulkh be eas dgkvgqul e'lk/kâa subvlkta% hlks ea plys ha sas peus kgonraux at ha sas peusiguùaux plrtbslks% ak Kuobhba% ê Nl`lç% pgur uk dgkdbea`âkârle ha tguta e'Lirbqua &dgkdbebuo peaklrbuo % ukbvarsaeea"+

Xrgbs dakt hbx âvíquas prboblkbstas% vakus ha tgutas eas prg/vbkdas% sa trguværakt lu rakhaz/vgus+ Eê% sgus el prâsbhakdaha Zrboblkus eub/oøoa% bes ibrakt ê eaur tgur ea prgdæs has Olxb/oblkbstas+ Ea >8 lvrbe 428% bes prgoueùærakt eaur saktakda =

axdgooukbdltbgk booâhblta ha Olxboblkus% ha sas hguzadgksâdrltaurs at has deards ranaeeas ha Dlrtflà% oaklda h'ax/dgooukbdltbgk dgktra tgus eas lutras Olxboblkbstas qub k'lu/rlbakt pls ilbt eaur sguobssbgk hlks uk hâelb ha fubt ogbs+ Hakguvalu% has eattras sykghleas dgururakt e'Lirbqua% matlkt sureas dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas el tarraur has lkltfæoas prbobl/kbstas 4

+

Hlks e'akquíta ha Nl`lç plrlbssakt lvgbr âtâ prghubtas hbiiâ/

raktas pbædas raeltbvas lux quaraeeas lktârbauras = el sak/

takda h'axdgooukbdltbgk elkdâa ak 42> plr Zrboblkus dgktraOlxboblkus at eas lutras hbldras% eas hâdbsbgks has lssaoneâas

<" Dgktrl Drasdgkbko% BBB% 1>% 16 at bT3 BB% 4% 0 3 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% <%

subv+ 3 BY% 9% 03 4<% 46 at subv+ 3 Apbst+ <:% <<3 <2% >< 3 BB% 0% <93 Dgktrl Drasdg/<:6% >% 1 3 <61% 8% <0 3 @asel duo Aoa/ kbuo% BBB% <4% <9 at subv+ 3 1>% 16 at subv+ 3

rbtg% 2+ BY% >% > at subv+3 4<% 46 at subv+ 3 @astl>" Apbst+ 1<% >3 <:6% >% 1/93 <:6% 8% <4 duo Aoarbtg% 2/<< 3 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%

at subv+ 3 Tarog BB bk Zslerk+ 49% ></>>3 B% 42% 183 BB% 0% 03 Ha flaras+% 92+Dgktrl Apbstuelo Zlroakblkb% B% <<%



49> EA HGKLXBTOA

olxboblkbstas ha Dlrtbelà at ha Dlnlrsussl% uka kgta sur e'â/

eadtbgk at e'grhbkltbgk ha Olxboblkus+ Ea hgssbar prgpraoakthbt hu dgkdbea ha Nl`lç rakiarolbt% tgut lu ogbks% ea dgopta/rakhu has sâlkdas at ha e'akquíta% el saktakda hu dgkdbea% ukaeattra sykghlea+ Kgus ka slvgks rbak ha prâdbs sur eas dgkhbtbgksha e'akquíta kb sur ea prgdæs/varnle has hânlts3 olbs kgus pgs/sâhgks akdgra has irlòakts ha el eattra sykghlea% at el peus`rlkha plrtba hu taxta grb`bkle ha el saktakda+

Dgooa ea râhldtaur ha el eattra y lvlbt raprghubt el saktakda%eas haux pbædas% dgopgsâas ê pau præs has oíoas âeâoakts% ka

hbiiârlbakt qua hlks dartlbkas plrtbas% at surtgut plr ea dlhra+Dapakhlkt% gk radgkklët akdgra% hlks eas irlòakts hu hgssbarha Nl`lç% has pfrlsas qub prgvbakkakt âvbhaooakt ha el eattra

sykghlea+ Zlr axaopea% e'aktíta = « Legrs qua% plr el vgegktâ huHbau tgut/pubsslkt at ha sgk Dfrbst kgtra Tluvaur% kgus tgus%

vakus ha tgutas eas prgvbkdas ha e'Lirbqua% kgus takbgks ukdgkdbea hlks el slbkta Aèbsa ha Nl`lç% kgus% @lolebus% Zrbobl/kus% Zgktbus% Tadukhblkus% Blkulrbus% Tlturkbkus% Iâebx% Za`l/sbus% ûibkus% Igrtukbus% Drbspbkus% Iegraktbus% Gptltus% Hgkl/tus% Hgkltblkus% at tgus eas lutras% lu kgonra ha trgbs dakt hbx%

kgus lvgks hâdbhâ <++ ³+ Lux qubkza âvíquas bdb kgooâs% be

ilut mgbkhra sóraoakt Aoarbtus ha Dlaslral% qub% kgus ea slvgksh'lutra plrt% lssbstlbt ê e'lssaoneâa gò be mgul oíoa uk røea

træs ldtbi >+ Ea @lolebus qub ibùra ea praobar sur el ebsta% lvlkt

ea prbolt ha Dlrtflà% âtlbt lssurâoakt ea prbolt ha Kuobhba%slks hguta peus lkdbak qua Zrboblkus+ Zlrob eas lutras oaonrashu dgkdbea% gk hgbt radgkklëtra prgnlneaoakt Igrtukbus ha

Xeonursbduo Kuobhlruo% Drbspbkus ha Dlelol% Gptltus haXflou`lhb+ Ygbdb akdgra uk irlòakt ha el eattra sykghlea =

« Zlregks% kgs træs dfars iræras% plregks has dlusas hu sdfbsoa3dlr kgus ka pguvgks peus tlbra eas kgos has parsgkkas 4 ³+ Zeus

egbk% ê prgpgs has axdgooukbdltbgks prgkgkdâas = « Tldfazqua plr el vgegktâ ha Hbau qub kgus prâsbhlbt% plr el saktakdavârbhbqua hu dgkdbea ukbvarsae% eas dguplneas gkt âtâ dgkhlo/kâs ³ -+ Eas sb`klturas sgkt olefaurausaoakt parhuas+ Olbs

eas quaequas irlòakts dgksarvâs paroattakt ha radgkstbtuar êpau præs ea dlhra hg el eattra dbrduelbra gò ea dgkdbea ha Nl`lçkgtbiblbt sas hâdbsbgks ê tgutas eas dgoouklutâs hbssbhaktas+

\ulkt ê el saktakda prgpraoakt hbta &saktaktbl% hadraeuo"%

< Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% .;'b% 1'M 3 BY% 8" Dgtbtrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% >1% >63 14%kb% <>+ 123 BY% =Uç% =t;3 @astl duo Aoarbeg% F3

>" @astl duo Aoarbeg% <:+ Dgktrl 'buuhaktbuo% BB% 0% 0+

4" Bnbh+% <:+








kus ê ildbebtar plr has dgkdassbgks el dlpbtueltbgk has ranaeeas <+

L el subta ha datta vbdtgbra hbpegoltbqua%eas âvgquas Zrbobl/

kbstas sa râukbrakt ak iguea ê Xflou`lhb% pgur y rakhrafgoolà ê e'lrnbtra ak dâeânrlkt e'lkkbvarslbra ha sl dgksâdrl/tbgk âpbsdgplea &Gptltb+ kltlebtbl" 4

+ Bes prgibtærakt ha e'gddlsbgk

pgur râèar hâibkbtbvaoakt el `rgssa liilbra hu mgur+ Guneblkteaurs lkltfæoas ha Nl`lç% bes sa râsb`kærakt ê ldduabeebr eaurs

dgeeæùas rleebâs lvad tgus eas fgkkaurs ha el ùarra = gk eaurelbssl eaur hb`kbtâ lvad eaurs igkdtbgks âpbsdgpleas% at e'gk

hâdelrl vlelnea tgut nlptíoa dgkiârâ plr aux pakhlkt eaur

sdfbsoa 4+ Datta dgkdassbgk% hbdtâa plr el pgebtbqua gu plr el

paur% âqubvlelbt ê uk lnlkhgk has prbkdbpas ha el sadta = e'bk/

hueàkda has Zrboblkbstas pgur eaurs prgpras sdfbsoltbquasigurkbt hâsgrolbs lux Dltfgebquas% hlks eaurs dgktrgvarsas% ea

oabeeaur has lrùoakts% uk lrùoakt ha ilbt UD'ast slks hguta vars da taops/eê qua has dgkdbeas hgkltbstas%

oaktbgkkâs plr Luùstbk% bktarhbrakt ê eaurs ibhæeas ea olrtyravgegktlbra 1

% havaku uk sdlkhlea plrea kgonra has vbdtboas gu

el obsa ak sdæka has subdbhas% at ha peus ak peus ê el oghadfaz eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% eas lvakturbars gu eas ilkltbquas huplrtb+ Be vl slks hbra qua datta prgfbnbtbgk k'lrrítl pls e'âpbhâ/

oba has subdbhas hâvgts = mlolbs ak Lirbqua gk ka s'ast tlktnróeâ vbi% kgyâ gu prâdbpbtâ hlks eas `guiiras% qua pakhlkt eas

vbk`t praobæras lkkâas hu v a sbædea 9+

Qka lssaoneâa peâkbæra hu plrtb prboblkbsta sbâàl vars el

ibk ha 8:4% sgbt ê Dlrtflà% sgbt ak Kuobhba+ E'gnmat ha datta

râukbgk âpbsdgplea âtlbt ha sa dgkdartar ak vua ha el râpgksaê ilbra lux Dltfgebquas% qub vaklbakt ha elkdar ê Dlrtflà ea

prgmat h'uka `rlkha dgkiârakda dgktrlhbdtgbra% at qub ak nalu/dgup ha vbeeas% subvlkt el prgdâhura lhgptâa% kgtbiblbakt eaursprgpgsbtbgks ê eaurs lhvarslbras plr havlkt eas ol`bstrltsoukbdbplux+ Zrboblkus% ak da qub ea dgkdarklbt% lvlbt hâmêhâdebkâ el prgpgsbtbgk% at% plr uka eattra dbrduelbra% lvbsâ sasdgeeæùas ha sl râpgksa 0

+ Ea dgkdbea lpprguvl el hâdbsbgk hu

<" Dgktrl ebetarls Zaebeblkb% B% <:% << 3

<4% <83 eb% 64% <683 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB%

9:% 993 BY% >1% 4>3 80% 103 @as l duoAr+ arbeu% 2 3 Apbs t+ 14% 4% 9+

>" Apbst+ <:6% >% 1 3 Dgktrl tbttarls

Zaebeblkb% <<% >4% 14+

4" Dgktrl Apbseuelo Zlroakblkb% B%

8% 23 BB% 4% 03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<%

<1% <63 BY% >1% 4>3 1<% 9< 3 Dgktrl @lu/haktbuo% B% 42% 183 Apbst+ <:6% >% 1+

8" Apbst+ 1<% 83 14% 4% 93 <:6% >% 1

<61% 8% <03 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% <9%

<2 3 9:% 993 BY% <% < 3 @astl duo Aoarbeg%2 3 Ha flaras+% 92+

1" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 82% 18+

n"Apbst+ <61% >% 63 <61% 4% <=>3 >:8% </

> at 1 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 82% 183Lh Hgklebstls pgst Dgeelb+% <0% >>3 Dgk/trl @luhakebuo% <% >0% 4:3 4<% 403 49% 89+

0" Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49% <6+



499 EA HGKLXBTOA

prbolt% at bkvbtl tgus eas âvíquas hu plrtb ê rapgussar ea prg/mat <

+ Lu hgssbar ha datta lssaoneâa havlbakt ibùrar ea prgdæs/varnle has kgtbibdltbgks ilbtas ê Zrboblkus at ê h'lutras% el

dbrduelbra hu prbolt% ea dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% el eattra

sykghlea bkhbqulkt ê tgus eas dfais ha dgoouklutâ el dgkhubtaê takbr+ Xrgbs lks peus tlrh% lu obebau has parsâdutbgks qubsubvbrakt e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha 8:1% has âvíquas hgkltbstas raprbraktpgur eaur dgopta ea prgmat ha eaurs rbvlux= bes sa rakhbrakt ê^lvakkas ak mlkvbar 8:9% at prbærakt ea prâiat hu prâtgbra hadgkvgquar uka dgkiârakda punebqua aktra eas haux plrtbs-+ Be ast

vrlbsaonelnea qua das Hgkltbstas% at plrob aux Zrboblkus%l`bsslbakt ak vartu h'uka hâeâ`ltbgk ha eaurs dgeeæùas% at qu'bes

lvlbakt âtâ akvgyâs ê ^lvakkas plr uk sykgha prboblkbstadgkvgquâ vars el ibk ha 8:1+

E'Âèbsa ha Hgklt tbkt pgur el harkbæra igbs sas `rlkhaslssbsas hlks uk dgkdbea ha haux dakt sgbxlkta/hbx/kaui âvíquasqub sbâàlbt ê Dlrtflà hu >1 olb lu 0 mubk 8<<% lu ogoakt huhânlt supríoa aktra eas haux plrtbs 4

% at hgkt eas Ldtas% igrt

bopgrtlkts% olbs bktboaoakt ebâs lux pârbpâtbas ha da hânlt%sargkt âtuhbâs peus egbk lvad ea hgssbar ha el Dgkiârakda+ Lpræsdatta hlta% kgus ka dgkklbssgks qu'uka sauea râukbgk h'âvíquashgkltbstas= uk sykgha taku ak Kuobhba% vars 8<6% gò sa rak/dgktrærakt akdgra peus ha trakta âvíquas% hgkt Zatbeblkus haDgkstlktbka+ L da ogoakt% ea Hgkltbsoa lvlbt raàu ea dgupogrtae = trlquâ oâtfghbquaoakt at slks oardb hapubs el Dgk/iârakda ha Dlrtfl a% lnlkhgkkâ plr el peuplrt ha sas ibhæeas at

plr naludgup ha sas deards% be k'âtlbt peus qua e'gonra ha eub/

oíoa+ Dapakhlkt% be s'gnstbklbt ê vbvra akdgra% at ka hâsaspârlbtpls ha vgbr eubra has mgurs oabeeaurs+ Dfgsa axtrlgrhbklbra% at

qub lttasta gu e'bkdrgylnea vbtlebtâ hu sdfbsoa gu uka bkdrgylneabeeusbgk% ea sykgha ha Kuobhba% dgopgsâ ha prgsdrbts% sa prâ/

gddupl h'grhgkkar ha kguvalux âvíquas at ha râèar ea sgrthas deards trlksiuàs qub sgeebdbtarlbakt eaur `rîda+ L das dgk/varsbgks peus gu ogbks fypgtfâtbquas sa rlppgrta uk dlkgk guhâdrat Shadraeuo" ha da sykgha qub kgus l âtâ dgksarvâ plr

flslrh = « Eas deards qub ole`râ aux% sgbt âvíquas% sgbt prítras%gkt âtâ loakâs ha igrda ê el dgooukbgk has trlhbtaurs% dasdeards/eê% s'bes k'y gkt pls giiart ea sldrbibda% gu s'bes k'y gkt plsprídfâ havlkt ea paupea% pgurrgkt gntakbr eaur plrhgk at sargkt

<" Apbst+ 09% 83 66% 03 Dgktrl Drasdg/ 66% <:+

+ o% 81% <23 <9% 1:+ 4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtcl`+% B% eb ae <863 O%

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <8< gt subv+ 3 <>= eeb% >163 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B

Luùstbk% Bbravbd+ Dgeeît+% o% 8% 13 Apbst+ 8 ae <83 BB% >/4= BBB% 6% <:+




raàus plr kgus lvad eaurs fgkkaurs < ³+ Tur datta prgoassa h'bkhue/

àkda ê e'â`lrh has trlksiuàs hgkt ea plrtb vlbkdu asdgoptlbt

ea ratgur% sa deøt pgur kgus e'fbstgbra sykghlea hu Hgkltbsoa+Olbs tgut pgrta ê drgbra qua eas hbssbhakts has `âkârltbgks sub/

vlktas gkt taku hlks e'gonra nbak h'lutras râukbgks+Zlrob eas bkkgonrlneas dgkdbeas dltfgebquas takus ak Lirbqua

lu taops h'Luùstbk% uka vbk`tlbka gkt mguâ uk røea peus guogbks aiibdlda% plrigbs hâdbsbi% hlks el eutta dgktra ea sdfbsoa+Ha daux/db saueaoakt kgus lvgks ê plrear bdb% at akdgra hlks el

oasura gò bes tgudfakt ê e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ Eas Ldtas hadas lssaoneâas kgus sgkt dgkkus træs bkâ`leaoakt% sguvakt plrhasbopbas sgoolbras gu has axtrlbts3 olbs be ak ast nbak paupgur easquaes kgus k'lygks pls quaequa pbæda% gu quaequa irl`/

oakt ha hgssbar% gu% tgut lu ogbks% quaequa dlkgk+Hlks da hgolbka% dgooa hlks tgus eas lutras% d'ast ea dgk/

dbea h'Fbppgka hu 6 gdtgnra 424 qub guvrbt el vgba+ Be vgtl ukdlkgk% paut/ítra haux% hastbkâs ê ildbebtar el dgkvarsbgk hassdfbsoltbquas'+ Ak vartu has ræèaoakts addeâsblstbquas at hae'uslà rgolbk% râdaooakt dgkibroâs ê hbvarsas raprbsas% ukdeard fârâtbqua gu sdfbsoltbqua% ravaku ê e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua%ka pguvlbt y ítra lhobs qua plrob eas elçquas 4

+ Olbs eas hârg/`ltbgks ê datta ræèa lvlbakt âtâ irâquaktas% kgtlooakt akLirbqua% gò% ak 4<4 lpræs ea dgkdbea ha ^goa% ak 4<8 lpræs ea

dgkdbea h'Lreas% ak 480 lpræs e'âhbt h'ukbgk% nbak has âvíquasgu deards hbssbhakts s'âtlbakt rleebâs ak dgksarvlkt eaur hb`kbtâ 8

+

Yars el ibk hu bv a sbædea% el quastbgk âtlbt plrtbduebæraoakt`rlva pgur e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% hgkt ea dear`â sa radrutlbt hbiibdb/

eaoakt+ Ea dgkdbea h'Fbppgkaiut

irlppâ ha datta sbtultbgk drb/tbqua% qu'be dgkstlta ak das taroas = « Ak Lirbqua% eas Âèbsassguiirakt h'uka taeea hbsatta ha deards ê grhgkkar% qua dartlbkasegdlebtâs sgkt lnsgeuoakt lnlkhgkkâas ³

1+ Gk asslyl hgkd ha

tgurkar el hbiibduetâ% plr uka bk`âkbausa lppebdltbgk ha da prbk/

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% U%

40% 80/86+

>" Dgkdbe+ eebppgk+% dlk+ 40 &Olksb%

Dgkdbe+% t+ BBB% p+ 2>8"+

4" « Bk prladahaktbnus dgkdbebbs stltu/tuo ast ka qubs Hgkltbstlruo auo fgkgrasug radbpbltur l kgnbs% sah bk kuoârg elb/

dgruo ³ &bnbh+% dlk+ 40"+

8" « Ax bpsbs Hgkltbstbs qubduoqua dea/

rbdb dgrradtg dgksbebg lh dltfgebdlo ukbtl/

tao trlksbra vgeuarbkt% saaukhuo ukbusdu/musqua apbsdgpb dltfgebdb vgeuktltao ltquadgksbebuo qub bk aghao egdg ùnarklt Ad/deasblo% sb fgd pldb dfrbseblkla prghassa

vbsuo iuarbt% bk subs fgkgrbnus susdbpblk/tur% sbdut prbgrbfus amushao hbvbsbgkbs

taopgrbnus ildtuo assa olkbiastuo ast =

qugh ouetlruo at plaka gokbuo lirbdl/

klrubk Adaeasblruo% bk qubnus tlebs arrgraxgrtus ast% axdopel tastlktur ³ SDghaxdlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 96"+ ‘ Di+

Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% dlk+ <>3 Lu/ùstbk% Apbst+ 84% 1% <93 <61% <:% 80+

g" « Xlktuo lutao bkgpbla dearbdgruogrhbklkhgruo bk Lirbdl pltbuktur Addea/sbla% utqulahlo egdl gokbkg hâsartl sbkt ³

&Dgkdbe+ Fbppgk%% alu+ 40"+



496 EA HGKLXBTOA

dbpa% qua eas axdaptbgks dgkibroakt el ræèa+ Ea dgkdbea hâdbhlqua% dgkigroâoakt ê el trlhbtbgk% « eas Hgkltbstas sarlbakt

raàus hlks e'Âèbsa% kgk pls lvad eaur hb`kbtâ% olbs lu kgonrahas elçquas ³3 tgutaigbs% « ê e'axdaptbgk ha daux qub k'lurlbaktpls ranlptbsâ% gu qub vguhrlbakt plssar lvad tgus eaurs ibhæeas

ê el dgooukbgk dltfgebqua ³ e+ D'ast akdgra ê Fbppgka% sao/

nea/t/be% qua iut prgpgsâa pgur el praobæra igbs uka lutra oasuraprgpra ê ildbebtar ea radrutaoakt hu dear`â = gk pgurrlbt grhgk/kar deards eas dgkvartbs qub lurlbakt âtâ nlptbsâs hlks eaurakilkda plr e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% at qua e'gk ka pguvlbt âqubtl/neaoakt rakhra raspgkslneas h'uka arraur ha eaurs plrakts+Dapakhlkt% ea dgkdbea h'Fbppgka drut havgbr prgdâhar lvadpruhakda% at k'lutgrbsl pls igroaeeaoakt das hârg`ltbgks ê el

ræèa dgoouka = « Gk hâdbhl ha ka pls eas dgkibroar lvlkth'lvgbr dgksuetâ eê/hassus e'Aèbsa trlksolrbka ³-+ Gk havlbts'lhrassar lux âvgquas ha ^goa at ha Obelk 3 olbs el dgksuetl/tbgk k'aut pls ebau legrs% prgnlneaoakt ê dlusa ha el sbtultbgktrguneâa ha e'Lirbqua% has oakâas hu dgota @behgk% at ha el

ùarra oaklàlkta+

\ultra lks peus tlrh% ea >6 lgót 420% uk dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàdgkibrol eas dlkgks h'Fbppgka raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ Ha kgu/valu% be hâdbhl qua e'gk sguoattrlbt el quastbgk lux Âèbsash'gutra/oar% lu plpa Tbrbdbus% ê Tbopebdblkus% âvíqua haObelk 4

+ El oíoa lssaoneâa% sur el prgpgsbtbgk h'Fgkgrltus at

h'Qrnlkus% eâ`lts ha Tbtbibakka% lpprguvl ea stltut hu sykghaha Dlpgua qub% ak 42<% lvlbt bktarhbt ha nlptbsar haux igbs%

h'grhgkkar haux igbs% ha trlksiârar uk âvíqua h'uk sbæà ê uklutra 8

+ Ea >0 lvrbe422%

luogoakt

gò e'gk trlqulbtak

Lirbquaeas plrtbslks ha @behgk% uk lutra dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà prbt ukahâdbsbgk hgkt nâkâibdbærakt slks hguta nbak has sdfbsoltbquasdgoprgobs hlks el râvgeta = be ravakhbqul pgur eas âèbsas ea

hrgbt h'lsbea% at% ê dat aiiat% akvgyl uka hâputltbgk ê e'aopa/raur '+

L vrlb hbra% el prâgddupltbgk hu sdfbsoa taklbt akdgra pauha pelda hlks das praobars dgk`ræs prâsbhâs plr Luraebus = be

saonea qu'legrs e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% tgut ê sl râgr`lkbsltbgk bktâ/

<" Dgktbe+ Nbppgk+% dlk+ 40+ ha 420+ Ak aiiat% be ka saonea pls hgutaux

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ qua daeta beâdbsbgk lbt âtâ sbopeaoakt dgk/

80 ? Dgkdbe+ kbppgk+% dlk+ 40+ ‘ Daeta ibroâa ê Dlrtflà ak 420% at qu'aeea ra/

sadgkha plrtba hu dlkgk 40 h'Fbppgka ka oguea lu dgkdbea h'Fbppgka «ea 424+

sa ebt pls hlks eas peus lkdbakkas âhbtbgks 4" Dghal dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ 80+

has Ldtas hu d =bea+ Aeea l âtâ râtlneba plr 8" enbh+% dlk+ 86+

eas Nleedrbkm hlks ea taxta hu dlkgk 40+ 1" enbh+% l el subta hu dlkgk £9+

bb'u|Q'5 / eb.- U Qs hu Dgkdbea ha Dlreil




rbaura% k'gsa akdgra ak`làr el eutta% gu k'y sgkà ùæra+ Ludgktrlbra% hapubs ea hânut hu v &; sbædea% ea Hgkltbsoa ast dgks/

tlooakt ê e'grhra hu mgur% at lu praobar pelk% hlks eas lssao/neâas lirbdlbkas h'âvíquas dltngebquas+

Haux dgkdbeas sbâ`ærakt ê Dlrtbelà ak 8:< = tgus haux bopgr/tlkts% surtgut ea harkbar+ Hlks el sâlkda hu <9 mubk% gk ravbkt

sur eas haux quastbgks qub% hapubs fubt lks lu ogbks% prâgddu/plbakt eas Lirbdlbks = hrgbt ha dgksarvar eaur hb`kbtâ lux âvgquasgu deards rleebâs qub k'lurlbakt pls ranlptbsâ gu qub rloækarlbaktlvad aux eaurs ibhæeas3 hrgbt ha dgkiârar eas grhras lux dgkvartbs

qub lurlbakt âtâ nlptbsâs akilkts hlks e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua <+

Tur das haux pgbkts% gk dgkibrol eas dlkgks ha 424 at 420+

Dapakhlkt% el hbiibduetâ k'âtlbt tgumgurs pls râsgeua+ Hlks e'bk/

tarvleea% eas âvíquas ha ^goa at ha Obelk s'âtlbakt prgkgkdâsdgktra eas prgpgsbtbgks lirbdlbkas+ Luraebus at sas dgeeæùas

taklbakt ê âvbtar eas rbsquas h'uka nrgubeea lvad eas Âèbsas

h'gutra/oar 3 h'lutra plrt% bes ka pguvlbakt sldrbibar eaurs hauxdlkgks% qu'bes muàlbakt kâdasslbras pgur ea radrutaoakt haeaur dear`â+ Tur e'bkbtbltbva h' Luraebus% gk hâdbhl h'akvgyar ak

lonlsslha e'uk has oaonras hu dgkdbea% dflr`â h'axpgsar elsbtultbgk lux Btlebaks% lu kguvalu plpa Lklstlsa at ê e'âvíqua

ha Obelk Yakarbus /+

Qka plrtba bopgrtlkta hu hgssbar kgus ast plrvakua = ea

prâlonuea% lvad uk `rlkh hbsdgurs h'Luraebus qub sa rlppgrta ê

e'lonlsslha at lux dlkgks sur ea Hgkltbsoa+ Ea hbsdgurs ast

bktârasslkt% plr uk oâelkà sb`kbibdltbi ha iaroatâ% ha pruhakdaat ha saks prltbqua+ Hæs sas praobars ogts% Luraebus bksbsta sur

e'uràkda h'uka sgeutbgk = « Ygtra Dflrbtâ% oas træs slbkts

iræras% dgkklët plrilbtaoakt dgooa ogb eas nasgbks has Âèbsas

ha Hbau âtlnebas ak Lirbqua+++ ³+ << sguoat legrs ê e'lssaoneâa ea

prgmat h'lonlsslha ê ^goa at ê Obelk+ Be prâdbsa eas bkstrudtbgks

ê hgkkar lu hâeâùâ% qub havrl prbkdbpleaoakt s'lttldfar ê

âdelbrar eas âvgquas ha ^goa at ha Obelk sur eas bkqubâtuhas at

eas nasgbks bopârbaux ha e'Aèbsa lirbdlbka = « \ua e'gk dgkklbssanbak eê/nls% lmguta e'grltaur% el kâdassbtâ ha plrar bdb ê ukhlkàr dgoouk+ \ua e'gk dgoprakka nbak surtgut qua kgus

olkqugks lnsgeuoakt ha deards+ Naludgup h'Âèbsas sgkt dgo/peætaoakt lnlkhgkkâas% lu pgbkt qu'aeeas k'gkt pls uk saue

deard% pls oíoa uk hbldra beeattrâ+ \ulkt lux ha`râs supâ/

rbaurs ha el fbârlrdfba% bkutbea h'ak plrear = sb% dgooa ma e'lb

hbt% e'gk trguva hbiibdbeaoakt has sumats pgur ea obkbstæra hu

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd% dlk+ge+

>" Dghax% dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% aktra eas dlkgks 19 at '';,+

BY ¼'b



40: EA hgkltbToa

hbldgklt% ê peus igrta rlbsgk ast/be âvbhakt qu'gk k'ak pauttrguvar pgur eas igkdtbgks supârbauras+ Dflqua mgur% kgus

aktakhgkseas

pelbktas% havakuas pgur kgus bktgeârlneas% hahbvarsas dgoouklutâs prasqua ogrtas = sb e'gk ka sa fîta haeaur vakbr ak lbha% kgus lurgks sur el dgksdbakda el parta%

eloaktlnea at slks axdusa% h'îoas bkkgonrlneas hgkt kguslurgks ê râpgkhra havlkt Hbau ³'+ Zubs% Luraebus rlppaeea at

mustbiba eas râsgeutbgks lhgptâas lktârbauraoakt pgur ildbebtar%

lvad el dgkvarsbgk has Hgkltbstas% ea radrutaoakt hu dear`â+

Tur el quastbgk has fgkkaurs ê dgksarvar lux âvíquas gu deards

rleebâs% be ast taktâ h'lddaptar h'lvlkda eas hâdbsbgks h'gutra/

oar+ Olbs sur e'lutra quastbgk% ea hrgbt h'grhgkkar deards eas

dgkvartbs nlptbsâs akilkts plr eas sdfbsoltbquas% be elbssa

aktakhra qua eas Lirbdlbks ka pauvakt dâhar+ Ak tarobklkt% be

bkvbta e'lssaoneâa ê vgtar sas prgpgsbtbgks U Da qub iut ilbt+

Gk ka dgoprbt pls ak Btleba+ Dapakhlkt% ea plpa s'âout hae'bksbstlkda has Lirbdlbks at ha eaur lonlsslha = be dgkvgqullussbtøt uk sykgha rgolbk+ Olbs da sykgha ka vgueut rbak

aktakhra = be sa dgktaktl ha rapgussar% dgooa dgktrlbras ê el

hbsdbpebka% eas prgpgsbtbgks ha Dlrtfl`/a4

+ Hlks uka eattradgurtgbsa at peabka ha ngks dgksabes% qub pgurtlkt hutsaonearuk pau brgkbqua ha e'lutra dgtâ has oars% Lklstlsa s'aoprasslha trlksoattra ê Luraebus el râpgksa bktrlksbàlkta hu sykghargolbk = be axfgrtlbt eas Lirbdlbks% « lvad el sgeebdbtuha de el

sbkdârbtâ h'uka dflrbtâ pltarkaeea at irltarkaeea% ê sa takbr ak`lrha dgktra eas aonódfas at eas paribhbas has Hgkltbstas%

fârâtbquas at sdfbsoltbquas% parsâdutaurs ha e'Aèbsa dltfgebqualirbdlbka ³U

Hâàus ha da døtâ% eas Lirbdlbks râsgeurakt ha râèar aktraaux eaurs liilbras+ Bes ea tbrakt lvad lutlkt ha oghârltbgkhlks el igroa qua ha iaroatâ+ Xgut ak prghbùlkt eas fgo/olàs lu plpa at eas prgtastltbgks ha hâiârakda akvars eas

Aèbsas h'gutra/oar% bes subvbrakt eaur bhâa% dgkigroa ê eaur trl/

hbtbgk egdlea% at oíoa trldærakt tgut uk prg`rlooa ha râdgk/dbebltbgk lvad eas Hgkltbstas+ Ea B+', saptaonra bGb% ogbks hatrgbs ogbs lpræs eaur harkbæra lssaoneâa% bes sa râukbrakt ha

kguvalu ê Dlrtflà+ Xgut h'lngrh% bes hâdbhærakt ha raoardbarea plpa ha sas dgksabes% ak eub axpebqulkt pgurqugb bes havlbaktplssar gutra 1

+ Bes dgkibroærakt hâibkbtbvaoakt eas dlkgks neî/

oâs ê ^goa% das haux dlkgks vgtâs ê Fbppgka ak 424% pubs ê

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% lvlkt 4" Dghax dlkgk+ At eas+ l irbd% dlk :6+

ea dlb Bnbh+% aktra eas dlkgks 91 at B

tnbh+% dlk% 10+ e9" eòbh+% dlk+ 96+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT ,0 ,

Dlrtflà ea >6 lgót 420% akibk ea <9 mubk <:<% at mu`âs bkhbs/

pakslneas pgur ea radrutaoakt hu dear`â lirbdlbk+ Gk olbkta/

klbt ea prbkdbpa% h'lpræs eaquae tgut deard rleebâ rahavaklbt elçqua%olbs lvad eas haux axdaptbgks prâvuas% qub% ak ilbt% lkkuelbaktda prbkdbpa = hâsgrolbs% tgut âvíqua lirbdlbk lurlbt ea hrgbt% kgksaueaoakt h'grhgkkar eas dgkvartbs nlptbsâs hlks eaur akilkdaplr eas sdfbsoltbquas% olbs akdgra ha dgksarvar eaur rlk` luxlkdbaks deards hbssbhakts% qulkh datta dgkdassbgk plrlëtrlbt utbea

lux bktâríts ha e'Aèbsa '+ Zgur âvbtar tgut oleaktakhu% uk dlkgk

spâdbibl qua eas prítras at hbldras dguplneas sarlbakt râdgk/dbebâs slks ítra sguobs ê e'bopgsbtbgk has olbks/ = dârâogkbaqub eaur aót bktarhbt ê mlolbs e'axardbda husldarhgda+ Ea dgkdbealeel peus egbk% hlks e'aspgbr ha rloakar eas Hgkltbstas+ Be hâdbhlh'ak`làr lvad aux has kâ`gdbltbgks at has hbsdussbgks 4

3 h'ak/vgyar pgur dael% ha vbeea ak vbeea% uka hâputltbgk h'âvæquas Ubkbobs h'bkstrudtbgks prâdbsas Solkhltuo" 6

% dflr`âs ha « prí/dfar el plbx at e'ukbtâ ³ 9

+ Gk bkvbtl eas `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks ê

ilbra hrassar plrtgut eas prgdæs/varnlux giibdbaes &@astl punebl"has quaraeeas aktra Zrboblkbstas at Olxboblkbstas% hgduoakts

prâdbaux pgur guvrbr eas yaux has àks sbkdæras '+ Akibk% e'gklhrassl uka dbrduelbra ê tgus eas dfais ha dgoouklutâ% pgur eas

lvbsar has oasuras prbsas 4+ E'âvæqua ha Dlrtflà iut prbâ ha

râhbàr at ha sb`kar eas hbiiâraktas eattras lu kgo hu dgkdbea'+Kgus pgssâhgks akdgra uka ngkka plrtba has Ldtas ha datta

lssaoneâa hu <4 saptaonra 8:< = ea prâlonuea at has dlkgkshâvaegppâs+ Lvad das pbædas% gk paut radgkstbtuar ea hgssbarraeltbi lu sdfbsoa = prgdæs/varnle ha el sâlkda% lvad sb`kl/turas %:

3 sârba hasdlkgks% hgkt

sbx vbslkt eaHgkltbsoa.3

eattra

hu plpa Lklstlsa '/% at râpgksa hu dgkdbea <>3

eattras lux `guvar/kaurs lirbdlbks u

3 bkstrudtbgks &olkhltuo" raobsas lux âvíquasakvgyâs ak obssbgk {ea`ltb" lupræs has dgoouklutâs sdfbsol/tbquas %1

3 eattra dbrduelbra lux âvíquas dltfgebquas lirbdlbks e9+ Be

ilut y mgbkhra slks hguta uk `rgupa ha @astî punebdl gu oukb/dbplebl% prgdæs/varnlux giibdbaes râhb`âs ê el haolkha hu dgkdbea%plr grhra has `guvarkaurs% sur eas hâoíeâs has Zrboblkbstas

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ 96+ kgk+ Addeas+ l irbd+ t alu+ 61+

>" Bnbh+% dlk+ >0+ <:" Bnbh+% aktra eas dlkgks 91 ae 99+ ‘4" Bnbh+% dlk+ 99+ Di+ dlk+ 61+

8" Bnbh+% dlk+ 92+ <<3 Bnbh+% dlk+ >0 3 99/921" Bnbh+% dlk+ 61+ <>" Bnbh+% lvlkt ea dlkgk 99+

9 « Ea`ltb atblbk prlahbdlkhla pldbs <4" Bfbh+% dlk+ 96+

lequd ukbtlebs ³ &Bnbh+% dlk+ 92"+ <8" Bnbh+% dlk+ 90+

0" Bnbh+% alu+ 90+ <1" Bnbh+% dlk+ 92 ae 61+

6" Bnbh+% dlk+ 96+ <9" Bnbh+% dlk+ 96+



40> EA HGKLXBTOA

lvad eas Olxboblkbseas '+ L e'axdaptbgk has dlkgks at hu prâlo/nuea% das hbvars hgduoakts sgkt parhus+ Olbs tgus% slui eas

@astl punebdl% kgus sgkt dgkkus lu ogbks plr quaequa irlòaktgu uka lkleysa = kgus ak lvgks bkhbquâ prâdâhaooakt% ea dgk/taku+

E'lkkâa subvlkta% ea >0 lgót 8:>% ea dgkdbea `âkârle sa râukbtê Obeâv% ak Kuobhba% hlks uka râ`bgk gò eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt

kgonraux at aktrapraklkts+ Dapakhlkt% plrob eas dlkgks dgk/sarvâs% uk saue tgudfa lux hbiibduetâs kâas hu sdfbsoa3 at d'ast

ogbks uk dlkgk prgpraoakt hbt% qu'uka hâdbsbgk h'aspæda+

Ygbdb da taxta = « Lu sumat ha Olxboblkus ha Yl`l% be l âtâ

hâdbhâ qua has eattras% lu kgo hu dgkdbea% sarlbakt lhrassâas at

ê eub at ê sas ibhæeas = pgur eas bkvbtar% eub% ê hgkkar sl hâobs/sbgk h'âvíqua% aux% ê dfardfar uk lutra âvæqua ³ >

+ Da dlkgkrastarlbt quaequa pau âkbòltbqud% sb e'gk k'ak trguvlbt e'axpeb/

dltbgk hlks el dgrraspgkhlkda h'Luùstbk+ Olxboblkus% âvgquahgkltbsta% prgnlneaoakt ha Yl`l ak Kuobhba Zrgdgksuelbra%vaklbt ha raktrar hlks e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% ak oíoa taops quasgk iræra Dlstgrbus% uk grltaur âegquakt% kgus hbt/gk% slks

hguta uk lvgdlt+ Ak vartu has prbkdbpas ha elrà tgeârlkda qubtrbgopfærakt lu harkbar dgkdbea ha 8:<% Olxboblkus lvlbt

dgksarvâ sgk tbtra at sas igkdtbgks h'âvíqua+ Olefaurausaoakt%be ka put s'aktakhra lvad sas ibhæeas% has dgkvartbs dgooa eub3

at e'gk rahgutlbt uk kguvalu sdfbsoa hlks el dgoouklutâ% ilquastbgk iut pgrtâa havlkt e'lssaoneâa ha Obeav+ Lu raàu ha el

eattra hu dgkdbea% Olxboblkus hgkkl sl hâobssbgk 3 at eas ibhæeas

vgueurakt ea raopeldar plr sgk iræra Dlstgrbus% qub fâsbtlbt ê

lddaptar+ D'ast legrs% varsel &bk

ha 8:>% qu'bktarvbkrakt Luùstbkh'Bebppgka at Leypa ha Xfl`lsta = hlks uka eattra gò bes egulbaktflutaoakt e'lnkâ`ltbgk ha Olxboblkus% bes prassærakt Dlstgrbusha ka pls sa hârgnar lu ilrhalu ha e'âpbsdgplt 4

+

E'uk has peus nalux spadtldeas qu'giira e'fbstgbra ha e'Lirbquadfrâtbakka ast el sâlkda hu `rlkh dgkdbea sbâàlkt ê Dlrtflà%hlks el nlsbebqua ha el sadgkha râ`bgk% ea >1 lgót <:4+ Eê% olbspgur el harkbæra igbs pakhlkt datta pârbgha% eas Dltfgebquaslirbdlbks liibroærakt sgeakkaeeaoakt eaur dgkiblkda hl us el tguta/

pubsslkda ha el rlbsgk at haeê vârbtâ% hlks ea suddæs h'uka dlo/pl`ka tguta pldbibqua% qub% plr el ebnra hbsdussbgk% plr ukasârbah'aktravuas prâebobklbras hastbkâas ê prâplrar e'aktakta% at plr

uk hânlt hâdbsbi aktra eas raprâsaktlkts ëeas haux Âèbsas% havlbe

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ >" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l rw+% dlk+ 66+90 at 92+ 4" Luùstbk+ Apbst+ 92% </>+




akibk râtlnebr ak Lirbqua e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa <

+ Oâpraklkt lvad

peus h'lopeaur ea prgmat ha 8:<%ea dgkdbea ha 8:4 âelngrl ea

pelk h'uka `rlkha dgkiârakda dgktrlhbdtgbra lvad eas Hgkltbstas+

Be hâdbhl qua% hlks tgus eas hbgdæsas gò eas haux plrtbs âtlbakt

ak prâsakda% e'âvíqua dltfgebqua havrlbt kgtbibar giibdbaeeaoakt

ê sgk dgeeæùa sdfbsoltbqua% plr havlkt eas ol`bstrlts oukb/dbplux% uka dgkvgdltbgk ha prbkdbpa ê el dgkiârakda âvaktuaeea+

Hlks dflqua dbtâ havlbt ítra hrassâ uk prgdæs/varnle punebd

has kâ`gdbltbgks at ha el râpgksa hu Hgkltbsta 3 gk prbarlbt eas

`guvarkaurs ha hgkkar has bkstrudtbgks ak dgksâquakda luxlutgrbtâs oukbdbpleas./+ Zgur ka rbak elbssar lu flslrh kb ludlprbda% gk râhbàl uk oghæea ha prgdâhura% dgktaklkt ea taxta

ha el dgkvgdltbgk 4+

Da dgkdbea ha 8:4 ast e'uk ha daux hgkt eas/ Ldtas sgkt ea

obaux dgksarvâs+ Ea hgssbar ak âtlbt vgeuobkaux = dgopta/rak/hu hâtlbeeâ ha el sâlkda at has hbsdgurs prgkgkdâs% lvad sb`kl/

turas'3 dlkgks at hâdbsbgks prbsas &hadratuo" 9% lvad axpgsâ has

ogtbis at dgpba has pbædas euas ak sâlkda3 oghæea ha prgdâ/

hura &Igrol dgkvaktbgkbs Hgkltbstlruo" akvgyâ ê tgus easâvíquas dltfgebquas hu plys% lvad ea taxta ha el dgkvgdltbgk ê

kgtbibar &olkhltuo"- 3 eattras sykghleas lu prgdgksue at luxlutras `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks 0

+ Xae âtlbt ea hgssbar prgpraoakthbt+ Gk y pgurrlbt mgbkhra akdgra uka sârba ha pbædas qub sa rlp/

pgrtakt ê e'axâdutbgk has oasuras vgtâas = eas âhbts rakhus% sur

el haolkha hu dgkdbea% plr ea prgdgksue Taptbobkus at ea

vbdlbra h'Lirbqua 63 eas @astl prgdgkskelrbl at eas @astl vbdlrbla

prlaiadturla% raeltbis lux hâolrdfas has Dltfgebquas 23 uka

iguea ha @astl oukbdbplebl% râhb`âs hlks eas hbiiâraktas dbtâs%

kgtlooakt ê Dlrtflà% ê Fbppgka% ê Dlelol% egrs ha el dgo/plrutbgk has âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas% at dgktaklkt eahbt hu `gu/varkaur ha el prgvbkda% ea taxta hu olkhltlb³% el râpgksa huHgkltbsta <:

+ Xakgks/kgus ak lu hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt% qub

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd% dlk+

2</2>3 Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <083 Lu/

ùstbk% Apbse+ 6 T % 0 3 Tarog <<< bk Zsleo+4>% >23 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 823Nravbd/ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1% 9 3 Zrgspar Xbrg%

Apbtgol Dfrgkbdgk% d+ <>>1% lh lkk+ 8:4&hlks eas Dfrgkbdl obkgrl% âh+ Ogoosak%t+ <% p+ 891"+

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% dlk+ 2<

+

4" Bnbh+% dlk+ 2>+

8" Bnbh+% lvlkt ea dlkgk 2<+

1" Bnbh+% dlk+ 2<+

9" Bnbh+% dlk+ 2>+

0" Bnbh+% dlk+ 2< 3 Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+%BBB% <083 Luùstbk% Nrtvbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1%9+

6" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <08+ ‘ Di+Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% dlk+ 2>+

2" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <08 3 Luùs/tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1% 9+

<:" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% dlk+

2>/24 3 Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <<93 Luùs/tbk% Apbse+ 66% 0 3 Tarog BB bk Zsleo+ 49%

<63 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 89% 1:3 BY%

80% 10 3 Nravbd Dgeeît+% BBB% 8% 83 1% 936% be 3 Lh Hgklebsels pgse Dgeelb+% <% < 3

<9% >: 3 4<% 14+



==0'e EA HGKLXBTOA

igroa lumgurh'fub akdgra uk aksaonea bopgslkt = uk egk`prâlonuea% lvad peusbaurs hbsdgurs h'âvíquas'3 ea prgdæs/varnleha el hbsdussbgk ae hu vgta sur ea prgmat ha kâ`gdbltbgks lvadeas sdfbsoltbquas >

3 el Igrol dgkvaktbgkbs Hgkltbstlruo% guoghæea ha prgdâhura 1

3 ea 7klkhltuo b3 akibk% el raquíta lu prg

dgksue Taptbobkus-+ Ygbdb uka nræva lkleysa ha das durbauxhgduoakts+

Lpræs eas hbsdussbgks prâebobklbras sur ea prgmat ha kâ`g/dbltbgks lvad eas sdfbsoltbquas% ea prâsbhakt ha e'lssaoneâaobt lux vgbx uk taxta prâdbs+ E'âvíqua Luraebus hbt = « El quas/

tbgk trlbtâa plr Ygtra Dflrbtâ hgbt% ma drgbs% ilbra e'gnmat h'ukvgta dgksb`kâ hlks eas Ldtas ha e'Aèbsa+ Ha vgs hâdelrltbgksê vgus tgus be râsueta% qua dflduk ha kgus% hlks sl vbeea% havrldgkvgquar eas dfais has Hgkltbseas% sgbt saue% sgbt ak s'lhmgb/

`klkt uk dgeeæùa vgbsbk3 hlks da harkbar dls% tgus hauxaksaonea havrgkt dgkvgquar eas Hgkltbstas hlks dflduka hasvbeeas gu has egdlebtâs% plr e'bktaroâhblbra has ol`bstrlts gu haslkdbaks ha el egdlebtâ &sakbgras egdgruo" + Tb vgus ítas tgus ha dat

lvbs% ilbtas/ea slvgbr ³+ Legrs% tgus eas âvíquas s'âdrbærakt =

' Kgus sgooas tgus ha dat lvbs% at tgus% plr kgtra sb`kltura%kgus lvgks lpprguvâ datta prgpgsbtbgk+ Kgus haolkhgks lussb

qua Xl Tlbktatâ sb`ka pgur kgus eas eattras qub% lu kgo hu dgk/dbea% sargkt akvgyâas lux `guvarkaurs k

³+

Zubs% lvad e'lssaktboakt ha e'lssaoneâa% Luraebus dgooukb/qul at prgpgsl h'lhgptar ea oghæea ha prgdâhura% el Igroldgkvaktbgkbs Hgkltbstlruo+ Ea kgtlbra Elatus hgkkl eadtura hada hgduoakt = « Qk tae% âvíqua ha e'Âèbsa% hbt = « Ha e'lutgrbtâ

ha el peus fluta ol`bstrltura &hu `guvarkaur" kgus lvgksgntaku uk âhbt+ Kgus haolkhgks ê Ygtra @rlvbtâ &lux ol`bstrlbs oukbdbplux' h'ak grhgkkar el eadtura% at e'bksartbgk hlkseas @astl% pubs ha prakhra eas oasuras kâdasslbras ak vua hae'axâdutbgk ³+ Qka igbs qua Eahbt lurl âtâ eu at bksârâ hlks eas

Udtas% uk tae% âvíqua ha e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% hbrl = l Hlb`kazâdgutar ea olkhltuo qub hgbt ítra pgrtâ plr Ygtra @rlvbtâ ê el

dgkklbsslkda has Hgkltbstas3 hlb`kaz ilbra bksârar da olkhl/

tuo hlks eas Ldtas% at ea kgtbibar lux Hgkltbstas+ at ilbra dgksb/`kar â`leaoakt eaur râpgksa hlks vgs Lbhas% ae kgus trlks/

oattra datta râpgksa ³+ Tubt ea taxta Lu olkhltuo% el igroueaha dgkvgdltbgk qub% hlks dflqua vbeea% havlbt ítra lhrassâa ê

U" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% lvlke 8" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd+% dlk+ogu 2<+ / Di+ dlk 2</2>+ '/'>+

>" enbh+% dlk+ 2<+ e geelt+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <08+

nbh+% dlk+ 2>+ 9" Dghax dlkgk+ Adrbas% lirbd % dlk+ 2<+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 40+."

e'âvíqua sgfbsoltbqua plr e'aktraobsa has lutgrbtâs oukbdb/pleas = « Kgus vgus dgkvgqugks

ak vartuha e'lutgrbtâ ha kgtra

dgkdbea dltfgebqua% hgkt kgus sgooas eas obssbgkklbras+ Kgushâsbrgks pguvgbr kgus râmgubr ha vgtra dgkvarsbgk+ Kgus dgk/sbhârgks el dflrbtâ hu Tab`kaur% qub l hbt = Fauraux eas pldb/ibquas% dlr bes sargkt lppaeâs eas ibes ha Hbau, Ea Tab`kaur kgusak l akdgra lvartbs plr sgk prgpfæta = oíoa ê daux qub hâdel/rakt k'ítra pls kgs iræras% kgus havgks hbra = Ygus ítas kgsiræras+ Hgkd% vgus ka havaz pls oâprbsar dat lvartbssaoakt tgutpldbibqua qua kgus vgus lhrassgks at qub vbakt ha el dflrbtâ+

Kgus vgus giirgks ea ogyak ha prguvar tgutas eas vârbtâs quavgus drgyaz takbr+ Ygbdb dgooakt+ ^âukbssaz vgtra dgkdbea 3

dfgbsbssaz plrob vgus has olkhltlbras dflr`âs ha hâiakhra vgslssartbgks+ Kgus iargks ha oíoa3 kgus lussb% kgus dfgbsbrgkshlks kgtra dgkdbea has olkhltlbras dflr`âs ha hbsdutar pldbib/

quaoakt lvad eas vøtras% hlks ea ebau at ea taops ibxâs% tgutaseas quastbgks qub sâplrakt vgtra dgooukbgk ha el køtra+Lbksb% lvad e'lbha hu Tab`kaur Kgtra Hbau% prakhrl ibk uka

vbabeea ategkùa arraur% qub% plr subta ha e'lkbogsbtâ has fgooas%dlusa el parta h'îoas ilbfeas at ha paupeas b`kgrlkts% â`lrâshlks uk sdfbsoa sldrbeæà+ Tb vgus lddaptaz irltarkaeeaoaktkgtra prgpgsbtbgk% el vârbtâ nrbeearl h'aeea/oíoa3 olbs% sb vguska vgueaz pls ea ilbra% legrs sa râvâearl h'aeea/oíoa ê tgus el

hâiblkda qua vgus bkspbra vgtra dlusa ³+ Hæs qua iut tarobkâael eadtura has hgduoakts% e'lhgptbgk ak iut vgtâa plr lddelol/tbgk+ « Xræs nbak , Lpprguvâ , D'ast dael, ³ drblbt/gk+ At tgus eas

âvíquas sb`kærakt% ê el subta hu prâsbhakt qub âdrbvbt ha sl

olbk = « Ogb% Luraebus% âvíqua ha e'Âèbsa ha Dlrtflà% m'lb

lpprguvâ da hâdrat% ma e'lb eu at sb`kâ ³'+

Ybk`t mgurs peus tlrh% ea <4 saptaonra% Luraebus raobt gu ibt

raoattra lu prgdgksue Taptbobkus el raquíta subvlkta% râhb`âaat sb`kâa plr eub% dgooa gk e'ak lvlbt prbâ% lu kgo hu dgkdbea -

« Vgus ilbsgks lppae ê tgk âqubtâ% Taptbobkus% parsgkklàdelrbssboa+ flut at suneboa prgdgksue+ Naludgup h'lttaktlts%

ak hâpbt has egbs hbvbkas at fuolbkas% sgkt dgoobs plr eas

fârâtbquas hu plrtb ha Hgklt dgktra e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Tbkgus vguebgks bkvgquar eas âhbts bopârblux% lkdbaks gurâdakts% pgur haolkhar prgfbnbtbgk gu dfîtboakt% eas Hgkl/tbstaska pgurrlbakt gsar sa pelbkhra ha kgs ldtbgks muhbdblbras =

bes slvakt nbak qu'aux/oíoas% k'lylkt kue tbtra ê bkvgquar ukaegb ha da àkra% bes gkt dapakhlkt pgursubvb eaurs prgpras

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd+% dlk+ 2>+



409 EA H:KLX<TOA

sdfbsoltbquas% eas Olxboblkbstas% at qua% plr has lrríts ha`guvarkaurs% bes eas gkt ilbt dflssar gu axpuesar has ebaux at

booauneas gddupâs+ Olbs kgus% kgus sgkàgks ak plbx ê eaur

sleut at ê kgtra fgkkaur% ê dlusa ha kgtra dflrbtâ ha dfrâtbaks+

D'ast pgurqugb kgus vguegks eas lvartbr lvad hgudaur% pgur eas

loakar ê râieâdfbr at ê radgkklëtra eaur arraur+ T'bes drgbakt

takbr quaequa vârbtâ% qu'bes el hâiakhakt% kgk pgbkt plr eas

igebas iurbausas at eas vbgeakdas ha eaurs Dbrdgkdaeebgks% luxhâpaks ha e'grhra punebd% olbs plr eas rlbsgkkaoakts h'ukahbsdussbgk trlkqubeea+ Ygbdb hgkd da qua kgus haolkhgks ê Xl

Tunebobtâ = plrtgut gò kgus vguhrgks kgtbibar lux Hgkltbstasdatta prgpgsbtbgk% plr e'bktaroâhblbra has ol`bstrlts% sgbt hlkseas dbtâs% sgbt hlks eas tarrbtgbras qub ak hâpakhakt% grhgkkaqu'gk kgus lutgrbsa ê ilbra hrassar has @astl% at qu'ê kgtraraquíta gk ilssa dgoplrlëtra fgkgrlneaoakt eas Hgkltbstas+

Zgur datta ilvaur% kgus rakhrgks `rîdas havlkt Hbau ê XgkAxdaeeakda+ ‘ Hgkkâ plr tgus eas âvíquas dltfgebquas hudgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% sgus ea dgksuelt ha kgtra sab`kaur Xfâg/

hgsa Z+Z+

Luùstaat ha ûogrbhus Y+

D%ea mgur has bhas

hasaptaonra% ê Dlrtflà ³'+ Datta eattra lu prgdgksue% at ukaraquíta lklegùa lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% olrquakt ea hânut haeldlopl`kaha dgkiârakdas gr`lkbsâaplr da oâogrlnea dgkdbea

hu >1 lgót 8:4% hgkt ea hgssbar lttasta e'ldtbvbtâ oâtfghbquahlks ea dlhra h'uk hânlt pbttgrasqua+

\ulkh ha eê% slks sgrtbr ha Dlrtflà% at hlks el oíoa nlsb/

ebqua'% gk plssa lu dgkdbea hu <9 mubk 8:8% gk drgbt plssar huríva ê el râlebtâ-+ Hbx ogbs saueaoakt s'âtlbakt âdgueâs% olbspeabks h'âvâkaoakts sb`kbibdltbis% qub lvlbakt hâdgurl`â eas

peus gptbobstas% atqub hâdbhærakt eas âvíquas eas peus oghârâs%Luùstbk eub/oíoa% ê tgurkar eas yaux hu døtâ hu pguvgbrsâduebar+ Zlrtgut% eas Hgkltbstas lvlbakt râpgkhu plr ea hâhlbk gue'bkmura lux prgpgsbtbgks ha dgkiârakda at ha plbx '

3 eaur dgkdbea

lvlbt nrutleaoakt rapgussâ tgut prgmat h'aktakta.3 at eas vbg/

eakdas rahgunelbakt% eas Dbrdgkdaeebgksrbvlebslbaktha prguassas%

surtgut hlks ea hbgdæsa ha Dlelol% gò e'lttaktlt dgktra Zgssbhbus

at ea dykbsoa ha sgk dgeeæùa Drbspbkus lvlbakt suraxdbtâe'gpbkbgk punebqua 9

+ Egrsqua eas âvíquas dltfgebquas sa râukbrakt

<" Dgeelb+ D5u «b5 +% BBB% <08+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 03 Dgktrl Drasdg/

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% lvlkt kbuo% BBB% 89% 1:3 BY% 80% 103 Nravbd+ea dlkgk Dgeelb+++ BBB% 8% 8 3 6+ Be3 Lh Hgklebsels

=b" Bnbh+% alu+ 24 = Dgeelb+ Dlreflq+%UQ% pgst Dgeelb+% B% < 3 <9% >: 3 4<% 14+

<8<3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 6:%<3 66%03 eiT1% 0% b Luùstbk% Apbst+ 09% b3 66%03 Dgk/e;=%/>@+ fl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 823 89%1:+

3 Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd % dlk+ 243 9" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+




ê Dlrtflà ea <9 mubk 8:8% bes âtlbakt h'lddgrh sur el kâdassbtâ

ha s'lhrassar ê e'aoparaur% pgur ea suppebar ha prgtâàr e'Âèbsadltfgebqua+ Olbs eas lvbs âtlbakt træs plrtl`âs sur el kltura

at el pgrtâa ha datta bktarvaktbgk ê sgeebdbtar hu `guvarkaoakt+Eas âvíquas eas peus î`âs% qub lvlbakt pu dgkstltar plr aux/oíoas e'aiiat has oasuras lktârbauras ha râprassbgk% hâdelrlbakt

qua e'gk havlbt râdeloar uk âhbt supprbolkt e'Âèbsa hgkltbsta

at râtlnebsslkt e'ukbtâ+ Xaeea k'âtlbt pls e'gpbkbgk h'Luùstbkat ha peusbaurs lutras+ Tubvlkt aux% gk havlbt haolkhar% kgkpls uk âhbt h'ukbgk% olbs sbopeaoakt e'lssbobeltbgk has sdfbs/

oltbquas lirbdlbks lux fârâtbquas% at spâdbleaoakt% plrtgut gòsa prghubrlbakt has vbgeakdas% e'lppebdltbgk haeê egb ha Xfâghgsabopgslkt lux âvíquas at deards fârâtbquas uka loakha ha hbx

ebvras h'gr <+ D'ast da harkbar lvbs qub prâvleut+ Gk hâdbhl h'ak/

vgyar ê e'aoparaur uka hâputltbgk dflr`âa h'l`br ak da saks%

at râùebæraoakt lddrâhbtâa lupræs hu `guvarkaoakt% dgooalupræs hu plpa gu h'lutras âvíquas btlebaks% plr has eattras

sykghleas qua sb`karlbt Luraebus' >+ Gk raobt lux lonlsslhaurs

has bkstrudtbgks ak ræèa 4+ Gk dfgbsbt pgur datta obssbgk hâebdlta

haux oaonras hu dgkdbea% Xfalsbus ha Oaonrgka% Avghbush'Qzleb <

% ê qub el dgkiblkda ha eaurs dgeeæùas vleut klturaeea/

oakt el flbka has sdfbsoltbquas+ Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbkahbslbt h'aux = « Xfalsbus at Avghbus% das âdelbraurs at das klvb/`ltaurs ak tbtra has Dltfgebquas% das eâ`lts ha eaur iurba% tgu/

mgurs príts ê râdeloar hu slk`% ê râdeloar has prgsdrbptbgks% ê

râplkhra el tarraur% ê hâdflëkar eas pârbes% ê olssldrar hlks eas

hbvarsas prgvbkdas³4

+

Kgus ka dgkklbssgks ùæra Xfalsbus3olbs Avghbus% ea hgux at klçi Avghbus ha el dgrraspgkhlkda at

has hblegùas h'Luùstbk% k'lvlbt rbak ha sb tarrbnea% at slpraobæra vbsbta ak Btleba iut pgur Zluebk ha Kgba 9

+ Ak tgut dls%

e'gk hgutlbt uk pau ê Dlrtbelà% sbkgk hu zæea has hâeâùâs guha el ngkka vgegktâ hu `guvarkaoakt% hu ogbks ha el prgoptb/tuha has hâdbsbgks bopârbleas = ak lttakhlkt% dgooa gk drlb/

`klbt uk rahguneaoakt ha vbgeakdas ha el plrt has Hgkltbstas%gk râsgeut h'âdrbra lux `guvarkaurs has hbiiâraktas prgvbkdas

pgur eas oattra ak haoaura ha râtlnebr e'grhra at ha prgtâàrplrtgut eas Dltfgebquas 0

+

243 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 9/< 3 <:1% >% 8 3 0% >1+

<64% 8% <6 3 Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 4" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 24+

82 at subv+ 3 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbk7% 8" Bnbh+% 24 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 6:% <+

<4/<8+ 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <8<+

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 0% >1+ 9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 6:% <+

>" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% lvlkt 0" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 24+

ea dlkgk 24 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 0 3 <61%



406 EA HGKÊXBTOA

Gutra ea dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% ea hgssbar rakiarolbt hgkdhas eattras sykghleas ê e'aoparaur% lu plpa gu lutras âvíquasbtlebaks% lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks% at has bkstrudtbgks luxeâ`lts &Dgoogkbt\rbuo <

"+ Hu prgdæs/varnle ha el sâlkda% kguspgssâhgks ea prâlonuea% uka kgta sur e'lonlsslha h'Avghbus at

Xfalsbus-% uk dlkgk træs hâvaegppâ qub raprghubt ea taxta hashbvarsas hâdbsbgks at has bkstrudtbgks lux lonlsslhaurs 4

+ Qkadurbausa kgtbda h'Luùstbk kgus raksab`ka sur eas bkdbhakts hael hbsdussbgk qub prâdâhl eas vgtas U Has eattras sykghleas% kgusdgkklbssgks saueaoakt ak `rgs ea dgktaku% tae qua kgus e'lvgks

bkhbquâ peus flut+ Eas bkstrudtbgks lux lonlsslhaurs kgus sgktplrvakuas bktâ`rleaoakt+ El pbæda ast bktbtueâa = « Dgoogkb/tgrblo raobs ê kgs iræras Xfalsbus at Avghbus% eâ`lts hu dgkdbeaha Dlrtflà% akvgyâs lupræs has træs ègrbaux at træs raeb`bauxaoparaurs ³ '+ Hlks da prâdbaux hgduoakt% eas âvíquas dltfg/ebquas radgoolkhakt h'lngrh ê eaurs hâeâùâs ha rlppaear lu`guvarkaoakt eaur `âkârausa bkbtbltbva ha e'lkkâa prâdâhakta%eaurs prgpgsbtbgks ha dgkiârakda% ea raius nrutle has Hgkltbstas+

Zubs eas eâ`lts havrgkt hâkgkdar eas vbgeakdas at lttaktlts ha tgutàkra dgoobs plr eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks gu lutras hbssbhakts+ Bes sup/pebargkt e'aoparaur ha prakhra eas oasuras prgpras ê lssurarplrtgut el sâdurbtâ has Dltfgebquas3 h'lppebquar lux sdfbsol/tbquas lirbdlbks eas egbs pgrtâas dgktra e'fârâsba% kgtlooaktdaeea qub bktarhbt lux fârâtbquas ha ilbra gu radavgbr has hgkl/tbgks gu has ea`s3 surtgut% ha hâdbhar qQa eas âvgquas gu deardshgkltbstas% hlks tguta egdlebtâ gò e'gk sb`klearlbt has vbgeakdas%sarlbakt hâdelrâs raspgkslneas at lstrabkts ê e'loakha ha hbxebvras h'gr ibxâa plr el dâeænra egb ha Xfâghgsa3 akibk% h'akvgyarhas grhras lux `guvarkaurs+ Zgur lrrbvar ê das ibks% at hlks eas

ebobtas ha das bkstrudtbgks% eas eâ`lts lurlbakt tguta ebnartâ 1+

H'lbeeaurs% eas âvâkaoakts leeærakt peus vbta qua eas lonls/slhaurs+ D'ast lu obebau h'uka vârbtlnea parsâdutbgk dgktra eas

Hgkltbstas% qua eas âvgquas dltfgebquas sa râukbrakt e'lkkâasubvlkta% ea >4 lgót b:1% tgumgurs ê Dlrtflà at hlks el nlsb/ebqua ha el sadgkha râ`bgk 0

+ @rîda lux igebas ha eaurs lhvar/

slbras% bes lvlbakt gntaku naludgup peus qu'bes ka haolkhlbakt+Eas lttaktlts ha peus ak peus kgonraux dgktra ea dear`â% eas

e| Dghax dlkgk+ Adrbas% l irbd% dlk+ at Avghbg% ed`lebs ax Dlrtfl`bkaksb dgudbebg

24+ lh ègrbgsbssbbbos raeb`bgsbssbogsqua prbkdb/Bnbh+% lvlkt ea rlkgk 24+ pas obssbs ³ SDghaxdlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd%

4" Bnbh++ dlbe+ 24+ alu+ 24"+

8" Yuùsebk% Apbse+ <61% 0% >1+ 9 Bnbh+% dlk+ 24+

1m . Dgoogkbtgrbuo irltrbnus Xfalsbg <" Bnbh+% dlk+ 28+




pelbktas pgrtâas ê ^goa plr eas vbdtboas% surtgut e'lvaktura

eloaktlnea ha Olxboblkus% âvíquâ ha Nl`lç% lvlbakt pgussâ ea`guvarkaoakt lux oasuras axtríoas '

= ea <> iâvrbar 8:1% lvlbt

âtâ elkdâ Xâhbt h'ukbgk >+ L Dlrtflà% dat âhbt lvlbt âtâ axâdutâ

ea >9 mubk 4= e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa y âtlbt râtlneba% hu ogbks ak

lpplrakda% lu ogoakt gò s'guvrbt el kguvaeea lssaoneâa dltfg/

ebqua+ Ak akra`bstrlkt el vbdtgbra% ea dgkdbea s'aiigràl h'ldfavarel hârguta ha e'akkaob+ Be hâdbhl e'akvgb ê e'aoparaur h'ukaeattra ha raoardbaoakts% qub sarlbt pgrtâa ak Btleba plr hauxdeards ha Dlrtflà% lvad eas ldtbgks ha `rîdas plrtbduebæras haeaur Aèbsa+ Olbs% hlks e'bktârbaur hu plys% e'axâdutbgk ha e'âhbt

rastlbt ak suspaks+ Gk râsgeut hgkd h'âdrbra lux `guvarkaurshas hbiiâraktas prgvbkdas% pgur eas pbquar h'âoueltbgk at eas

prassar ha râtlnebr plrtgut e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Gk eut akdgra aksâlkda uka eattra hu plpa Bkkgdakt% qub muàlbt trgp irâquaktseas vgylàs ê ^goa has âvíquas lirbdlbks = be s'l`bsslbt slkshguta ha tgutas das vbdtboas has Hgkltbstas% qub plsslbakt el

oar pgur sa pelbkhra ak flut ebau+ E'lssaoneâa ha Dlrtflà

hgkkl rlbsgk lu plpa% at bktarhbt lux deards ha qubttar ea plysslks lutgrbsltbgk '+ D'ast prgnlneaoakt ea oíoa dgkdbea qubvgtl ea dlkgk subvlkt% raeltbi ê el dgkvarsbgk ha dartlbks sdfbs/

oltbquas = « Be lpplrtbakhrl ê e'âvíqua% pgur tgut Hgkltbsta qubsa dgkvartbt lpræs lvgbr ilbt pâkbtakda hlks sgk Aèbsa% ha ibxar

ea taops ha el pâkbtakda gu ha el râdgkdbebltbgk ³n

+

Tb kgus k'lvgks peus lu dgopeat eas Ldtas ha datta lssaoneâa%d'ast el iluta hu dgopbeltaur h'uk raduabe ha dlkgks% qub h'lbe/

eaurs s'axdusaak

dastaroas

= « Ma k'lb pls trlksdrbt bktâ`rlea/

oakt eas @astl ha da dgkdbea% plrda qua eas oasuras vgtâas sa

rlppgrtakt ê has râsgeutbgks ha dbrdgkstlkda% kgk ê has ræèa/

oakts h'uka pgrtâa `âkârlea+ Dapakhlkt% pgur e'bkstrudtbgk hasdurbaux% m'lb hgkkâ uk lnrâ`â ha da dgkdbea ³

9+ Ole`râ sl sâdfa/

rassa% dat Lnrâ`â &Nravbs dluslruo" kgus raksab`ka lssaz nbaksur el dgopgsbtbgk hu hgssbar = dgopta/rakhu has hânlts% lvadrâsuoâ has dlkgks gu lutras hâdbsbgks3 eattra hu plpa Bkkgdaktlux Lirbdlbks 3 eattra sykghlea ê e'aoparaur Fgkgrbus% lvad ukaLhrassa ha raoardbaoakts lu kgo ha e'Aèbsa ha Dlrtflà 3

eattras lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks 0+

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% <<<% Dfrgkbdl obkgrl% âh+ Ogoosak% t+ I% p+

84% 80 3 84% 82 3 Apbst+ <64% 0% >9/>0+ <29"+

>" Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 46 3 9% 4/13

8" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+ 28< , % >+ ‘ \i+ Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% 1" Iarrlkhus% Nravbltbg dlkgk+% dlk+ 1:+

dlk+ 28 at 22 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 1% <:3

9" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% lvlkt

<61% 0% >9+ ea dlkgk 28 &Olksb% Dgkdbe+% t+ <<<% p+ 026"+

4" Ebnar àkal gyus% d+ 9>0 &hlks eas 0" eekh+% dlk+ 28+



46: EA HGKLXBTOA

Ak olbkt akhrgbt% eas dgkvarsbgks sa ouetbpeblkt% eas âvíquasdltfgebquas aurakt ê râèar el sbtultbgk has sdfbsoltbquas rleebâs+

Nbak has hbiibduetâs sa prâsaktlbakt% qu'gk k'lvlbt pls prâvuas%surtgut ak da qub dgkdarklbt eas deards+ Be havbkt kâdasslbrah'lrrítar eas prbkdbpas ê subvra plrtgut+ El quastbgk iut pgrtâa%

lvad nbak h'lutras% havlkt ea dgkdbea `âkârle sbâàlkt ê Dlrtflàea <4 mubk 8:0 '+ E'lssaoneâa s'aiigràl ha prâvgbr tgus eas dlsraeltbis lux « dgoouklutâs gu hbgdæsas ha Hgkltbstas dgkvar/tbs ³ U Aeea prgoueùl ea dlkgk subvlkt% qub hâsgrolbs ibt egb =

« Eas dgoouklutâs ha Hgkltbstas dgkvartbs% qub lvlbakt ukâvíqua% havrgkt slks luduk deguta dgksarvar eaur âvíqua% at daelslks qu'be sgbt nasgbk ha dgksuetar ea dgkdbea+ Tb uka dgoou/klutâ qub lvlbt uk âvíqua% at hgkt e'âvæqua ast ogrt% ka hâsbra

peus lvgbr uk âvíqua plrtbduebar% olbs prâiæra sa rlttldfar luhbgdæsa ha quaequa âvíqua% gk hgbt eub lddgrhar da qu'aeea

haolkha+ ‘ Gk l vgtâ akdgra da qub subt+ Xgut âvíqua qub%

lvlkt e'âhbt h'ukbgk has aoparaurs &âhbt ha 8:1"% l rloakâ hasplrgbssas lu Dltfgebdbsoa% hgbt `lrhar das plrgbssas+ Olbs% sb el

dgkvarsbgk ast pgstârbaura ê e'âhbt h'ukbgk% e'âvæqua dltfgebquaha el dbtâ hgkt hâpakhlbakt eas egdlebtâs sgus ea ræ`ka has fârâ/tbquas% havrl ravakhbquar tgutas eas âèbsas has fârâtbquas%dgkvartbs gu kgk lu Dltfgebdbsoa% lbksb qua eas plrgbssas% at

tgut ea ognbebar ha e'âèbsa% at tgut da qub eub lpplrtaklbt+ \ub/dgkqua l usurpâ quaequa dfgsa% havrl ítra dbtâ ak mustbda at

sgooâ ha rastbtuar da qu'be lurl usurpâ lpræs e'âhbt h'ukbgk ³ '+

Dapakhlkt% eas dgkvartbs ka igrolbakt legrs ak Lirbqua qu'ukapatbta obkgrbtâ3 hlks nbak has râ`bgks% eas sdfbsoltbquas rapra/klbakt oíoa e'giiaksbva% at eas plçaks sa oattlbakt ha el plrtba+

E'lssaoneâa ha 8:0 ak lppael akdgra lu pguvgbr sâduebar =

« Lutra vgta% hbrb`â dgktra eas Hgkltbstas at eas plçaks gu eaurs

suparstbtbgks= has lonlsslhaurs% akvgyâs ha da ègrbaux dgkdbea%

âtlbakt dflr`âs h'gntakbr has træs ègrbaux prbkdas tgut da qubeaur plrlëtrlbt utbea ³-+ Akibk% e'gk sa prâgddupl has lnus qu'ak/trlëklbakt eas vgylàs trgp irâquakts has Lirbdlbks ak Btleba% eas

hâolrdfas parsgkkaeeas at eas pelbktas bkdasslktas ha dartlbks

âvíquas lupræs ha e'aoparaur = hâsgrolbs easdeards ka pgurrlbaktsa rakhra ê el dgur slks uka lutgrbsltbgk râùebæra% bes sarlbaktpgrtaurs h'uka eattra h'bktrghudtbgu &igroltl" pgur e'Aèbsa ha

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ lltbsebs agkvarsbs ³ Senbh+% dlk³ 22"+<:9+ 4 enbh+% dlk+ 22+ ‘ Di+ alu+ <<0+

>" « e;b3 peanbnus vae hbŔdasbnus ax Hg/ 8" enbh+% dlk+ <:9+




^goa% qub plr uka eattra lklegùa eas lddrâhbtarlbt lupræs hu`guvarkaoakt '+

Gk sb`klea ak 8:6 haux dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflà « dgktra eas plçaksat eas fârâtbquas ³% d'ast ê hbra eas Hgkltbstas+ Ha das lssao/neâas% qub sbâ`ærakt hlks ea sadratlrbuo ha el Nlsbebdl âstbtutl

gu dltfâhrlea% eas Ldtas sgkt prasqua aktbæraoakt parhus = be

ak rasta saueaoakt eas prâlonueas% lvad haux kgtas raeltbvas êe'akvgb h'lonlsslhas >

+ El sbtultbgk s'âtlbt l``rlvâa ak Lirbqua+El hbs`rîda at el ogrt ha Ttbebdfgk% ê qub e'gk lttrbnulbt e'bkbtbl/

tbva has egbs ha râprassbgk% lvlbakt rakhu e'aspgbr ê tgks eas

parsâdutâs3 eas sdfbsoltbquas s'l`btlbakt% dgooa eas plçaks% at

ldduabeelbakt lvad uk aktfgusblsoa oaklàlkt uk ilux âhbt

bopârble ha tgeârlkda% ilnrbquâ plr uk sadtlbra 4+ Zgur dgupar

dgurt ê das rldgktlrs% ea dgkdbea hu <9 mubk râsgeut ha sgeebdbtar

uka dgkibroltbgk giibdbaeea has egbs ha prgsdrbptbgk = ê dat aiiat%

be akvgyl ak lonlsslha% lupræs ha e'aoparaur% e'âvaqua Igrtu/kltblkus U prgnlneaoakt da Igrtukltblkus ha Tbddl qub iut ukhas olkhltlbras hu plrtb ê el Dgkiârakda ha 8<< '+

Dgooa gk lttakhlbt el râpgksa bopârblea% eas hbssbhakts ka

olkquærakt pls e'gddlsbgk h'ak hâogktrar e'uràkda% plr ukasârba h'lttaktlts = lbksb% hlks ea dgurlkt ha e'âtâ% « Tavarus at

Oldlrbus iurakt tuâs% at% pgur eaur dlusa% eas âvgquas Avghbus%çfalsbus at Ybdtgr iurakt oletrlbtâs ";''+ Ea dgkdbea hu <4 gdtgnra8:6 ravbkt ê el dflrà « dgktra eas plçaks at eas fârâtbquas ³ 3 be

dgkibl uka kguvaeea lonlsslha lux âvgquas âstbtutus at Ieg/raktbks 0

+ Lux hâputâs ak tbtra sa mgb`kbrakt peusbaurs ha eaurs

dgeeæùas% qub plrtbrakt lvad aux pgur leear axpgsar ak Btleba

eaurs `rbais parsgkkaes6

+ Easlonlsslhaurs

âtlbaktpgrtaursh'uka raquíta% gò e'gk suppeblbt ea `guvarkaoakt h'bktarvakbr

lu peus tøt4

+ Luùstbk% qub dgkklbsslbt Geyopbus% ea suddas/saur ha Ttbebdfgk% at qub râdaooakt lvlbt raàu ha eub has giiras

ha sarvbda% âdrbvbt ha sgk døtâ lu kguvalu obkbstra pgur eub

axpebquar el sbtultbgk at ea prassar h'l`br %:+ Ea `guvarkaoakt

s'âout ha e'âogtbgk has Lirbdlbks = hæs ea ogbs ha kgvaonra% be

râpgkhbt plr uka sârba ha rasdrbts træs sâværas.% qua subvbrakthas âhbts hu prgdgksue <>

% at qub h'lbeeaurs ka obrakt pls ebk lux

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% alu+ <:9+ 9" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% aktra

>" Bnbh+% aktra eas dlkgks <:9 at <:0+ eas dlrbgks <:9 at <:0+

4" Luùstbk% ApbæE 20% >/43 <::% >3 0" Bnbh+% aktra <:9 at <:0+

<:1% >% 8 3 <:6% 1% <8+ 6" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 20% >+

8" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% aktra 2" Bnbh+% 20% >/8+

eas dlkgks <:9 at <:0+ <:" Apbst% 20+

1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% > at 11 3 BB% > = <<" Dgh+ Xfagh+% BV%8:% <23 VYB%1% 88/81+

BBB% > at 8+ <>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <::% </>+



46> EA HGKLXBTOA

vbgeakdas+ Ea hgssbar ha e'lssaoneâa hu <4 gdtgnra dgopraklbt%lvad ea prgdæs/varnle ha el sâlkda% el raquíta ê e'aoparaur at

eas bkstrudtbgks lux lonlsslhaurs <

+ Gky

paut mgbkhra peusbaurspbædas% qub k'lvlbakt pls uk dlrldtæra giibdbae% olbs qub k'akmguærakt pls ogbks uk røea hlks datta liilbra = uka eattra h'G/eyopbus ê Luùstbk% gò ea obkbstra giirlbt ê e'âvíqua h'Fbppgkasgk lppub dgktra eas akkaobs ha e'Âèbsa s

3 el râpgksa h'Luùs/tbk% qub prgibtlbt ha e'gddlsbgk pgur fîtar el sgeutbgk 4

3 uk Dgo/ogkbtgrbuo gu oâogbra akvgyâ plr Luùstbk% ak sgk kgoparsgkkae% lux hâputâs hu dgkdbea'3 akibk% has eattras qua das

lonlsslhaurs at h'lutras âvgquas lirbdlbks lhrassærakt ha Fgoaê Geyopbus 1

+

Zlrob tgus das dgk`ræs âpbsdgplux% e'uk has peus bopgrtlkts%sbkgk has obaux dgkkus% ast ea dgkdbea hu <8 mubk b <:% sbâàlktê Dlrtnlà hlks el nlsbebqua ha el sadgkha râ`bgk 9

+ Zlr uka hadas nrusquas vgeta/ilda qu'asdgoptlbakt eas akkaobs ha e'Aèbsa%

at qub trlfbssakt uka pgebtbqua bkdgfârakta% ea `guvarkaoaktvaklbt ha tgut raoattra ak quastbgk plr uk âhbt ha tgeârlkda%

rakhu paut/ítra sgus e'bkieuakda hu plçak Mgvbus% suddassaur

h':<U ëkpbus% at lussbtøt kgtbibâ lu dgoolkhlkt/ ak dfai ha e'lr/oâa h'Lirbqua% ea dgota Farldeblkus 0

+ El kguvaeea egb spâdb/

iblbt qua « dflduk pgurrlbt prltbquar ea dueta dfrâtbak sub/

vlktsl ebnra vgegktâ 6³+ El dgksâquakda ka sa ibt pls lttakhra =

plrtgut ak Lirbqua% eas Hgkltbstas raeaværakt el tæta 4+ E'lssao/

neâa hu <8 mubk râsgeut h'ak ibkbr% ak sgeebdbtlkt uk kguvae âhbt

h'ukbgk% olbs lddgopl`kâ datta igbs h'uk `rlkh hânlt punebd

qub ak sarlbt el mustbibdltbgk% at hgkt el dgkdeusbgk ak`làrlbthavlkt ea pguvgbr sâduebar eas dfais ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta+ Nrai%

gk raprbt ea prgmat h'uka dgkiârakda dgktrlhbdtgbra aktra eas

beaux plrtbs% olbs h'uka dgkiârakda giibdbaeea% subvba h'uka sak/

takda% qub plr eê sarlbt ha kltura ê dgkvlbkdra ak oíoa taopse'gpbkbgk at ea `guvarkaoakt+ Gk vgel hgkd e'akvgb h'ukaraquíta ê e'aoparaur% at h'uka lonlsslha dflr`âa ha haolk/har% lvad e'lnrg`ltbgk booâhblta hu râdakt âhbt ha tgeârlkda%

ghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd% aktra Dgeelb+% BBB% >/8+

eas dlugus eGtb at QF 3 Luùstbk% Apbs t+ 20% <" Dlh+ Xfagh+% V+YB% 1% 1<+ / &V Dge/>/8+ elt+ Dlrefl`+% B% 83 BBB% >2= Luùstbk%

>" Eattra oaktbgkkâa plr Luùstbk &Apbst+ Apbst+ <:6% :%<63 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo%20%<"+ <%>8%>0+

4" Apbst+ 20% 6" « B+ax 5e=hl ast ut ebnârl vgeuktlta qubs

8" enbh+% 20% 8+ duetura anrbstblkbeltbs axdbparae ³ &Dghax1" enbh+% 20% >+ ' lkgk+ Addt s% lirbd% dlk+ <:0"+

9" Dghar dlkgk+ Addeas+ l rbd% dlk+ 2" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:1% <3 <:1% >% 83<:0'= Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 8/13 SBB% >23 <:6% 1% <83 EQ% <+

40/42 = 84= bbb = 82 = 1>3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+





468 EA HGKLXBTOA

gu e'lutra ha das haux patbtas vbeeas gnsduras = h'lutlkt obauxqua% h'lpræs eas prgdæs/varnlux% ha 8<<% eas Hgkltbstas saues ylvlbakt has âvídfâs <

+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qua el eaàgk ]artaksb hasolkusdrbts ast uka letârltbgk ha Dbrtaksb% at qua ea dgkdbea lsbâ`â hlks el dlpbtlea ha el prgvbkda% ê Dbrtl gu Dgkstlktbka+Luùstbk iut e'uk has oaonras eas peus ldtbis ha datta lssaoneâa =

gr kgus slvgks qua mustaoakt% lu obebau ha e'lkkâa 8<>% be ibt

uk lssaz egk` sâmgur ê Dbrtl% qu'be y prídfl at y dgkvartbt hashbssbhakts >

+ Ha peus% hlks uka eattra qu'be âdrbvbt legrs ê Olr/daeebkus% be radgoolkhlbt ak oíoa taops lu dgoobsslbra bopâ/rble ea hâputâ qua eub akvgylbt ea dgkdbea% at e'uk has prbkdbplux/

dbtgyaks ha Dbrtl% uk dartlbk ûibkus 4+ Ha das ilbts% Xgk hgbt

dgkdeura lpplraooakt qu'Luùstbk sa trguvlbt ê Dbrtl luogoakt ha el râukbgk âpbsdgplea% at% plr subta% qua datta râu/kbgk aut ebau ê Dbrtl+

Hlks el peuplrt has dgoouklutâs h'Lirbqua sa pgursubvlbtlegrs% sgus el fluta hbradtbgk hu dgoobsslbra bopârble% el dlo/pl`ka giibdbaeea pgur ea râtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Elrâsbstlkda âtlbt vbva ak Kuobhba% gò eassafbsoltbquas lvlbakt el

olmgrbtâ% at gò easDbrdgkdaeebgks sa sb`klelbakt plr ha kguvaluxlttaktlts 8

+ Xlkhbs qu'Luùstbk l`bsslbt parsgkkaeeaoakt lupræsha Olrdaeebkus at hu prgdgksue% ea dgkdbea hu <8 mubk 8<> dflr/àl e'âvíqua Haepfbkus h'uka obssbgk giibdbaeea lupræs hu dgo/obsslbra bopârble 1

+ Ak oíoa taops% e'lssaoneâa râsgeut h'lhras/

sar uka prgdeloltbgk lux Hgkltbstas% spâdbleaoakt lux elçquas+

Da hgduoakt l âtâ râhb`â plr Luùstbk% hgkt be pgrta el

olrqua-+ << k'ak l pls ogbks eas lpplrakdas h'uka eattra sykg/hlea+ E'lutaur s'ast aiildâ oghastaoakt% lu obebau ha sas dge/

eæùas% hlks e'ak tæta ha el pbæda% qub ast lbksb dgkàu = « Eaprbolt Tbevlkus% Rleaktbkus% Bkkgdaktbus% Olxbobkus% Gptltus%Ubbbkbstbkus% Hgkleus% at tgus eas lutras âvæquas hu dgkdbea ha

Dbrtl% lux Hgkltbstas ³0

+ El eattra dgeeadtbva% hgkt eas sb`klturassgkt parhuas% sa tarobka plr el hlta dgksuelbra at uk sguflbtha elrà punebdbtâ = « Ygbeê da qua kgus vgus lvgks âdrbt ea <6

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <6< at >:<+

>" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <88% </4+4" Apblb+ <4'+"% 8+

8" Apbst+ <44+ </>= <48% >/83 <42% </>+

B % ,+ <4 ³% 8+

9" âtrldt+% Be% 99+

0" « Tbd qubppa bkdbpbt = « Tbevlkus sakax%

Yleakebkus% eukgddkeubs% Olxbobkus% Gptl

tus+ Luùsebkus% Hgkltus% at datarb apbs/

dgpb ha dgkdbebg ]artaksb% lh Hgkltbstls ³

&âtrldt+% Be% 99"+ ‘ Xae ast ea taxta lu/

tfaktbqua ha e'ak/tâta% h'lpræs ea tâogb/

`klà igroae h'Luùstbk+ Olks eas olku/sdrbts ëea el eattra sykghlea SApbtt+ <8<m%

ea kgo b'Luraebus ast bktardleâ aktra daux

ha Yleakebkus ae h'Bkkgdakebus+ D'dse +prg/

nlneaoakt uka bktarpgeltbgk+ Ak tgut dls%

e'gk ka pgurrlbt bhaktbibar da parsgkklàlvad Luraebus ha Dlrtflà = be vl /lks hbra

qua e'âvæqua 5,5• Dlrtflà ka pguvlbt ibù/

rar hlks uk dgkdbea prgvbkdble ha Kuobhba+




has dleakhas ha mubeeat% sgus ea kauvbæoa dgksuelt hu træs pbauxFgkgrbus Luùsta+ \ua datta eattra plrvbakka ê dflduk ha vgus%

qulkh aeea ea pgurrl , ³ '+

E'gnmat ha el prgdeloltbgk âtlbt h'âdelbrar e'gpbkbgk punebquasur el râlebtâ at eas dlusas ha el hâilbta hu Hgkltbsoa ê el Dgk/iârakda ha Dlrtflà+ Eas âvgquas hbssbhakts râpâtlbakt ê eaursibhæeas qua ea muà âtlbt vakhu lux Dltfgebquas% qua el prgdâ/hura lvlbt âtâ brrâùebæra% qua eas olkhltlbras k'lvlbakt pus'axpebquar ebnraoakt >

+ L das dlegokbas% ea dgkdbea râpgkhbt plruk axpgsâ rlpbha at prâdbs has `rlkhs hânlts ha e'lkkâa prâdâ/

hakta= «

Tguvakt% hbslbakt h'lngrh eas sb`kltlbras% sguvakt lrataktb ê kgs grabeeas uk nrubt qu'gk ilbt dgurbr+ Ygs âvíquasvgus hbrlbakt qua ea muà lvlbt âtâ dgrrgopu ê prbx h'lràktpgur prgkgkdar dgktra aux sl saktakda3 at vgus% vgus lmguta/rbaz igb ê datta ilnea% at d'ast pgur dael qua naludgup h'aktravgus raiusarlbakt akdgra ha s'bkdebkar havlkt el vârbtâ+ Ak dgk/sâquakda% kgus lvgks hâdbhâ% sgus e'bopuesbgk ha el dflrbtâ huTab`kaur% qua ha kgtra dgkdbea vgus sarlbt lhrassâ ea prâsaktâdrbt+ Ygus y saraz lvartbs% tgut h'lngrh% qua das oaksgkàssgkt obs ak dbrdueltbgk plr has àks vlbkdus at dgkvlbkdus+++Hgkd% tgutas eas dfgsas qua kgus lvgks dru eas peus kâdasslbras%kgus eas lvgks râukbas at bksârâas hlks el prâsakta eattra = d'ast

dgooa uk Lnrâ`â has @asel[ ê e'uslà ha daux h'aktra vgus qubpgurrlbakt hbiibdbeaoakt sa prgdurar eas `rgs vgeuoas has@astl%gu qub trguvarlbakt elngrbaux ha eas ebra ³ 4

+ Tubt uk râsuoâhas prgdæs/varnlux haeê Dgkiârakda = âeadtbgk has olkhltlbras3oasuras prbsas pgur `lrlktbr el ebnartâ has hânlts% el râùelrbtâ

ha el prgdâhura at e'axldtbtuha has dgoptas/rakhus 3 gnstrudtbgksbkdasslktas has Hgkltbstas% olelhrassas ha eaurs grltaurs% râ/

suetlts has hbsdussbgks% hârguta dgopeæta hu plrtb ha Hgklt.+T'be rasta has bkdrâhueas% ea dgkdbea eas rakvgba lu taxta oíoahas prgdæs/varnlux% qub dgkvlbkdrgkt eas peus sdaptbquas =

« Olbs% ê qugb ngk leegkàr akdgra datta eattra.7 Tb vgus vgueazkgus drgbra% drgyaz/kgus3 râtlnebssgks aksaonea datta ukbtâqu'grhgkka at lboa Hbau+ Tb vgus ka vgueaz pls kgus drgbra%

ebsaz eas @astl aux/oíoas% gu dgksaktaz ê da qu'gk vgus eas

ebsa% at vgyaz plr vgus/oíoas sb kgus vgus lvgks âdrbt el

vârbtâ+ Olbs% sb vgus ka vgueaz ilbra kb e'uk kb e'lutra% sb vgus

<" « Flad lh vgs sdrbpsbous VYBBB Cle+ ùstbk% âerldt+% Be% 993 Lh Hgkleblebsbuebls% pbbssbog Fgkgbbg Luùstg BV dgs+% pgst Dgeeît+% <% < 3 <>% <9 at subv+

ut% qulkhg pgssukt% lh qugsqua vastrlo 4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% <+

bstla ebttarla parvakbrakt ;5 &Apbse+ <8<%<4"+ 8" Bnbh+% <8<% >/<<+

>" e'gssbhbus% Ybtl Luqustbkb% <93 Lu/

BY >T



469 EA HGKLXBTOA

takaz ê subvra akdgra ea plrtb ha Hgklt dgkvlbkdu ha ilussatâplr e'âvbhakda ha el vârbtâ% af nbak , kgus kgus elvgks eas olbksha vgtra dfîtboakt = vgus vgus rapaktbraz uk mgur% olbs trgptlrh ³ e

+ El prgdeloltbgk sa tarobka klturaeeaoakt plr ukaaxfgrtltbgk ê raktrar hlks e'Aèbsa •+

Eas igueas ravaklkt ha tgutas plrts lu Dltfgebdbsoa% gk hutdgkibroar gu ravbsar eas ræèaoakts raeltbis ê el râdgkdbebltbgkhas sdfbsoltbquas+ Ea >8 iâvrbar 8<6% hlks uk dgkdbea prgvbk/dble ha Nyzldæka% ê çfaeapta gu ê ]aeel% gk hgkkl eadtura hael eattra plr elquaeea ea plpa Tbrbda lvlbt kgtbibâ mlhbs lux Lirb/

dlbks eas hâdbsbgks hu sykgha rgolbk hu 9 mlkvbar 469 = e'ls/saoneâa ha Nyzldæka lhgptl ha kguvalu das dlkgks% hgkt e'uk%

ea fubtbæoa% prasdrbvlbt ha râdgkdbebar eas dgkvartbs% kgtlooakteas deards% plr e'bopgsbtbgk has olbks 4

+

H'uka tgut lutra bopgrtlkda ast ea dgkdbea `âkârle taku ê

Dlrtflà haux ogbs peus tlrh% ea <. olb 8<6+ Ak oíoa taopsqu'be elkàlbt uka sârba h'lkltfæoas dgktra ea Zâel`blkbsoa at

râigrolbt sur hbvars pgbkts el hbsdbpebka% be prgoueùl ukvârbtlnea dgha has dgkvarsbgks% prbkdbpleaoakt ak da qubdgkdarklbt el hâebobtltbgk has hbgdæsas at e'lttrbnutbgk haslkdbakkas plrgbssas hbssbhaktas <

+ H'lpræs ea stltut ha 8:0% ukaplrgbssa lpplrtaklbt ê e'âvíqua qub e'lvlbt dgkvartba% gu ê

e'âvíqua hu hbgdæsa dltfgebqua gò aeea sa trguvlbt% subvlkt quael dgkvarsbgk âtlbt lktârbaura gu pgstârbaura ê e'âhbt h'ukbgk ha8:1 1

+ El hbstbkdtbgk âtlbt mustbibâa slks hguta plr eas dbrdgks/tlkdas% plr ea hâsbr ha oâklàr has sbtultbgks ldqubsas 3 olbsaeea âtlbt âvbhaooakt lkgrolea% ha kltura ê susdbtar has ole/

aktakhus at has dgkiebts+ Ak naludgup ha râ`bgks% eas hbgdæsashgkltbstas ka dgçkdbhlbakt pls lvad eas hbgdæsas dltfgebquas3 at

el hlta ha el dgkvarsbgk hâibkbtbva k'âtlbt pls tgumgurs ildbea ê

hâtarobkar+ H'gò uka iguea ha dgktastltbgks aktra3 vgbsbks%

« naludgup ha dgktrgvarsas aktra âvíquas lu sumat hasplrgbssas ³U Ea dgkdbea ha 8<6 raopelàl ea stltut lktârbaur plrdat lutra ræèaoakt% naludgup peus eg`bqua = « Hlks tgutaegdlebtâ gò be y lvlbt uka plrgbssa dltfgebqua at uka plrgbssa

hgkltbsta%hâpakhlkt ha haux sbæàs

âpbsdgplux hbiiârakts% akquaequa taops qu'lbt âtâ ilbta gu hgbva sa ilbra e'ukbtâ% subt

lvlkt eas egbs h'ukbgk% sgbt lpræs das egbs% eas haux plrgbssas

<" Apbst+ <8<% <4+ 1" Dghl dlkgk+ Addeas lirbd+ alk+

>" enbh+% <8<% <4+ 22+

4" Iarrlkhus% Nravblebg dlkgkuo% <<8+ 9 Ombetla dgktrgvarsbla pgseal bgtar‘ Di+ Olusb% Dgkdbe+% B+ BY% p+ 47+"+ apbsdgpgs ha hbgadasbnus grela sukt de grbuk/

8" Dgha+r dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% alu+ eur% qubnus euka obkus vbhatur assa |;kb/;/

<<0/<<2 3 <>4/<>8+ padtuo / {enbh+% dló+ <<0"+




hâpakhrgkt â`leaoakt hu sbæà âpbsdgple hgkt hâpakhlbtlktârbauraoakt el plrgbssa dltfgebqua ³'+ Qk lutra dlkgkhâtarobklbt% lvad uka prâdbsbgk obkutbausa% eas dgkhbtbgks huplrtlà â`le has plrgbssas h'uk oíoa hbgdæsa aktra e'âvíquadltfgebqua at e'âvíqua hgkltbsta dgkvartb+ Ea peus lkdbak hashaux prâelts iarlbt eas haux plrts% at ea peus mauka dfgbsbrlbt3 pgurea rlttldfaoakt ha dartlbkas plrgbssas% hgkt e'lttrbnutbgk âtlbt

plrtbduebæraoakt hâebdlta% gk havrlbt takbr dgopta has rlbsgks havgbsbklà% gu ha e'lkdbakkatâ h'âpbsdgplt% gu has prâiârakdas at

hu vgta has ibhæeas 1+ H'lbeeaurs% pgur eas plrtlàs ê e'bktârbaur

h'uk oøoa hbgdæsa gu aktra haux hbgdæsas ebobtrgpfas% be ylurlbt prasdrbptbgk lu ngut h'uk taops ibxâ = tguta plrgbssarlttldfâa ê uk hbgdæsa quaedgkqua% hapubs trgbs lks% eub sarlbt

hâibkbtbvaoakt ldqubsa% sb hlks e'bktarvleea k'lvlbt sur`b ludukaprgtastltbgk 4

+

H'lutras dlkgks lvlbakt pgur gnmat ha dgktrlbkhra dartlbksâvíquas dltfgebquas% mu`âs kgkdflelkts gu trgp dgkdbeblkts% ê

supprboar ea sdfbsoa hlks eaur hbgdæsa+ Das prâelts pau zâeâs

âtlbakt oakldâs ha raogktrlkdas% pubs h'axdgooukbdltbgkprgvbsgbra% oíoa ha hâpgsbtbgk+ Ygbdb e'lrrít hu dgkdbea = l Tb

hlks eas Âèbsas oæras% ê dflbra âpbsdgplea% e'âvíqua sa ogktrakâèbàkt ak ilda has fârâtbquas% eas âvíquas vgbsbks havrgkteub lhrassar uka lssb`kltbgk prâdbsa% at eub prguvar sl kâèb/àkda% pgur qu'be k'lbt pls h'axdusa ê bkvgquar+ Tb% hlks eas sbx

ogbs qub subvrgkt e'lssb`kltbgk% be k'l pls ilbt lppae lux làktsbopârblux qub sa trguvarlbakt hlks sl prgvbkda% at k'l plsrloakâ eas fârâtbquas ê e'ukbtâ dltfgebqua% be sarl axdgooukbâmusqu'ê da qu'be sa sgbt axâdutâ+ Tb pgurtlkt luduk làktbopârble k'ast vaku hlks sgk hbgdæsa% gk ka havrl pls s'ak

prakhra ê e'âvíqua ³'+ Ea dgkdbea% qub slks hguta lvlbt sasrlbsgks h'ítra ak hâiblkda% prâvgylbt uk dls nbak axtrlgrhbklbra =

« T'be l âtâ âtlneb qua e'âvíqua l oaktb lu sumat ha el dgooukbgkhas fârâtbquas% ak prâtakhlkt dgkvartbs has fârâtbquas qu'be

slvlbt k'ítra pls dgkvartbs% legrs be havrl ítra hâpgsâ ³4

+ Ygbeêqub matta uk mgur sbkùebar sur el oaktlebtâ ha dartlbks prâelts

hutaops+

E'Ŕuvra hu dgkdbea `âkârle ha 8<6% at has dgoobsslbrasbopârblux% hut ítra aiibdlda3 dlr% hâsgrolbs% be ka sarl peusùæra quastbgk hu sdfbsoa hlks eas râukbgks âpbsdgpleas+

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd+ % do+ eee+ 4" Dghax dlkgk+ Add as+ lirbd% dlk+

>" Bnbh+% alu+ <<6+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% <<2+

Tarog lh Dlaslraaksbs Addeasbla pba/ 8" Bnbh+% dlk+ <>4+

nao% <+ 1M Bnbh+% dlk+ <>8+



466 EA HGKLXBTOÃ

E'lkkâa subvlkta% ê Dlrtflà% e'lssaoneâa hu >1 olb 8<2% hlkssgk âkgroa hgssbar kâ ha el dgktrgvarsa sur eas lppaes ê

^goa% sa dgktaktl ha râukbr% slks y rbak lmgutar ha kguvalu%eas dlkgks sur ea Hgkltbsoa vgtâs plr eas dgkdbeas lktârbaurs <

+

Ak 8>>% uk sykgha prgvbkdble ha Kuobhba aut ê muàr Lktgkbus%âvæqua ha Iusslel% qu'ldduslbakt sas ibhæeas% has sdfbsoltbquasdgkvartbs >

+ Lu hgssbar ibùrlbakt eas pbædas ha e'akquíta% lvadel saktakda ha e'lssaoneâa% qub akeavlbt lu prâvaku e'lhobkbs/trltbgk ha sgk hbgdæsa at ea dgkhloklbt ê rastbtuar tgut da qu'be

lvlbt usurpâ'+ Gk slbt qu' Lktgkbus ak lppael lu plpa% at dlusl

naludgup h'akkubs ê sgk lkdbak olëtra Luùstbk8

+ Olbs e'liilbraka tgudfa qu'bkhbradtaoakt ê e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa+ Musqu'êe'lrrbvâa has Ylkhleas% at nbak lu/haeê% ea Hgkltbsoa vlbkdupgursubt hlks e'gonra sas gnsduras hastbkâas% slks gntakbre'fgkkaur ha kguvaeeas dgktrgvarsas lu `rlkh mgur has dgkdbeas+

BY

Eahgssbar ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtbelà ak 8<<+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbis lux prâebob/

klbras+ ‘ âquítas has haux plrtbs+ ‘ Ahbt h'Fgkgrbus% hu <8 gdtgnra 8<:+ /

Bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas ha Xaoparaur ê Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Eattras h'Fgkgrbus lu prg/dgksue ha Dlrtflà at lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua+ ‘ Ahbt ha Olrdaeebkus% hu <2 mlkvbar8<<+ ‘ âquíta has Olxboblkbseas+ ‘ &}asel punebdl gò âtlbt dgksb`kâa el

râpgksa ha Zrboblkus ê e'âhbt ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Eattra dbrduelbra ha Zrboblkuslux âvæquas hgkltbstas+ ‘ ^âpgksa ha Iâebx Zbsbtaksbs+ ‘ @astl oukbdbpl bl at

rlppgrts lhrassâs ê Olrdaeebkus plr eas oukbdbplebtâs lirbdlbkas+ ‘ Tadgk B âhbe

ha Olrdaeebkus% vars ea >: olb+ ‘ Kgelrbl hu dgkdbea hgkltbsta ha Dlrtflà+ rurâpgksa lu sadgkh âhbt+ ‘ Olkhleuo itgklebstlruo% bkstrudtbgks lux olkhltlbrashu plrtb+ ‘ ^âpgksa hu dgkdbea dltfgebqua lu sadgk B â hbt ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘Olkhleuo dlefgebdb dgkdb bb% bkstrudtbgks lux olkhltlbras hu plrtb+‘ Eattra hudgkdbea dltfgebqua l Olrdaeebkus% ak râpgksa ê el Ygelrbl has Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Z g/dæs/varnle haeê praobæra sâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda &< ar mubk"+ ‘ Kguvaeea VgtlklHgklbbselruo% at râpgksa ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Zrgdæs varnle ha el hauxbæoasâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda &4 mubk"+ ‘ âàus hâebvrâs lux `raiibars% ea @%mubk+ ‘LUbs lu punebd% râhb`â plr Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Eattra hu dgkdbea hgkltbsta% ak râpgksalu Olkhleuo has Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnle ha el trgbsbæoa sâlkda ha el

Dgkiârakda &T mubk + ‘ Taktakda ha Olrdaeebkus &T mubk"+ ‘ ^lppgrt ê e'aopa/raur+ ‘ Ahbt ha Olrdaeebkus dgktra eas Hgk / >9 mubk"+ ‘ Lppae has Hgkl/tbstas ê e aoparaur+ ‘ Ahbt h Fgkgrbus% grhgkklkt ha râtlnebr ak Lirbqua e'ukbtâ

raeb`bausa+ ‘ Atu ea has @as el Dgeeutbgkbs+ ‘ Zunebdltbgk hu raduabe+ ‘ E'â ebtbgk

h'Fbppgka+ ‘ E'âhbtbgk ha Olrdaeeus Oaogrblebs at eas Dlpbtuel @astgruo+ ‘Eldukas hu raduabe ldtuae+ ‘ Zfysbgkgk / oa / / Ea nuralu at YGiib/dbuo+ ‘ Gnstrudtbgks has Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Lttbtuha has Dltfgebquas+ ‘ ^øea huprâsbhakt+ ‘ Dlrldtæra h;/ s hânlts+ ‘ Yleaur fbstgrbqua has @asel Dgeelebgkbs

%

Lu/hassus ha tgus das hgssbars ha dgkdbeas s'âeæva e'bopgslkthgssbar has hânlts ha U B < = el kblssa âkgroa has @astl Dgeel/

<" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% dlk+ > b+uùsebk% Apbst+ >:2% 8/0+

>03 80/863 10= 99/92= 61= 2</283 223 4" Apbst+ >:2% 9/0+

<:9/<:03 <<0/<<2= <>4/<>8 8" Bnbh+% >:2% <:+




tbgkbs Dlrtfl`ëkaksbs ast dgooa ea syongea hu røea prâpgkhâ/rlkt mguâ plr datta `rlkha Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% vars elquaeea

`rlvbta% lu hânut hu v a sbædea% tguta e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa lirb/

dlbk+ Ea prgmat hltlbt ha egbk = oghasta ê e'grb`bka% be k'lvlbtdassâ ha s'âtakhra ak sa prâdbslkt+ Mlhbs% Gptît ha Obeav raprg/dflbt lux sdfbsoltbquas ha sa hârgnar ê tguta hbsdussbgk-+Luùstbk aktraprbt ha ilbra plrear das ouats% at% plr eaursprgpras hbsdgurs% ha eas dgoprgoattra havlkt e'gpbkbgk+ Tbopeaprítra akdgra% ê Fbppgka% be prgpgsl uk hânlt punebd ê uk âvíquahbssbhakt hu vgbsbklà 6

+ Havaku âvíqua% be ouetbpebl lutgur ha

eub% plrigbs lvad suddæs% eas giiras ha dgkiârakdas dgktrlhbd/tgbras 4

+ Zau ê pau% e'bhâa rlygkkl h'Fbppgka ak Kuobhba% haKuobhba ê Dlrtflà% gò aeea prbt uka igroa kguvaeea+ Ea dgkdbeahu <4 saptaonra 8:< akvgyl lux dgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas%ha hbgdæsa ak hbgdæsa% uka obssbgk h'âvíquas/grltaurs U E'lssao/neâa hu >1 lgót 8:4 elkàl ea prgmat h'uk dgeegqua hâdbsbi aktraolkhltlbras has haux plrtbs'+ Eas Hgkltbstas aux/oíoas% s'bes

raiusærakt ak 8:4 º% sa rlvbsærakt ak 8:9% lpræs e'âhbt h'ukbgk =

sgus ea dgup has parsâdutbgks% bes leeærakt akdgra peus egbk quaeaurs lhvarslbras% at% hlks eaur raquíta ha ^lvakkas% bes bkvb/tærakt ea `guvarkaoakt ê dgkvgquar eub/oíoa uka dgkiârakda 0

+

E'aoparaur eas prbt lu ogt% qultra lks peus tlrh% legrs qu'bes

ra`rattlbakt eaur bopruhakda = be eaur hgkkl sltbsildtbgk% kgkslks brgkba% sur uka raquíta has Dltfgebquas '% plr sgk âhbt hu<8 gdtgnra 8<:º+ Akibk% ea < ar mubk 8<<% s'guvrbt ê Dlrtflà el

Dgkiârakda sgeakkaeea e:% lttakhua gu rahgutâa% olbs râdeloâa

tgur ê tgur plr eas haux plrtbs+ Kgus ak lvgks rldgktâ e'fbstgbra3

be kgus rasta ê ak lkleysar ea hgssbar+Eas pbædas bkkgonrlneas qub sgkt bksârâas tgut lu egk`% gu

râsuoâas% gu oaktbgkkâas hlks eas @astl Dgeeltbgkbs% lpplr/tbakkakt ê haux dltâ`grbas hbstbkdtas% hgkt e'uka saueaoaktdgkstbtua ea hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt+ E'lutra `rgupa% hgkt eas

âeâoakts kgus sgkt hâmê dgkkus at ka hgbvakt peus kgus lrrí/tar% sa dgopgsa has hgduoakts hâmê lkdbaks lebâùâs lu dgurshas hânlts% at raeltbis lux quaraeeas lktârbauras% lux grb`bkas

<" Gptît% B% 8+ 0" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% Be % <8< at skbv+3

>" Luùstbk% Apbse+ >4% 9+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 8% 13

4" Apbst+ 44/483 84/883 1<3 993 663 Apbse+ 66% <:+

Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Luùstbkb% <:+ 6" Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% l irbd% dlk+

8" Dghax% dlkgk+ Addeas+lirbd% dlk+ 993 <:0 3 Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% 8/13 <<<%>23923 61+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >/8+

1" enbh+% dlk+ 2</2>3 Luùstbk% Dgktrl 2" Dgde+ Xfagh+% VYB% <<% 43 Dgeelb+Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 82+ Dlrefl`+ % B% 83 BBB% >23 Luùstbk% Nravbd+

9" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 09% 83 66% 0 3 Dgk/ Dgeelb+% B% < 3 BBB% >+

Brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 81% 823 89% 1:+ <:" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <%<+



42: EA HGKLXBTOA

gu ê e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa = pgur das hgduoakts/eê% be suiibrl

h'bkhbquar ê e'gddlsbgk% ak plsslkt% qu'bes gkt âtâ prghubts gubkvgquâs ak sâlkda+ Kgus k'lvgks ê âtuhbar bdb qua ea hgssbar

prgpraoakt hbt ha el Dgkiârakda+ Gutra eas prgdæs/varflux has

hânlts% be dgoprakh kgonra ha pbædas bopgrtlktas% qub sgktraeltbvas sgbt ê el dgkvgdltbgk at lux prâebobklbras% sgbt ê

e'bktarvaktbgk has haux dgkdbeas rbvlux sbâàlkt legrs ê Dlr/t eblà pgur âebra at hbrbàr eaurs olkhltlbras% sgbt ê el saktakdahu muà at lux âhbts dgksâdutbis ha prgsdrbptbgk+ Hlks da hâhleaha prgdâhuras% h'gnstrudtbgks at ha dgktrgvarsas% gk ka paut

s'grbaktar qu'ê el euobæra ha el dfrgkgeg`ba 3 faurausaoakt% el

peuplrt has pbædas sgkt hltâas% gu pauvakt e'ítra+ D'ast hgkdhlks e'grhra has taops qua kgus plssargks ak ravua eas hbvars

âeâoakts hu hgssbar = h'lngrh% eas hgduoakts raeltbis l el dgk/vgdltbgk at lux prâebobklbras3 pubs% eas prgdæs/varnlux hassâlkdas% lvad eas lkkaxas3 akibk% el saktakda at eas âhbts+ Kgustarobkargks plr quaequas raolrquas sur el punebdltbgk at el

vleaur fbstgrbqua has @astl+

Ygbdb el ebsta has hgduoakts qub sa rlppgrtakt ê el dgkvgdl/tbgk at lux prâebobklbras = eas raquítas has haux plrtbs% tak/

hlkt ê el râukbgk h'uka dgkiârakda giibdbaeea '3 e'âhbt h'Fgkgrbus{boparblebs slkdtbg"% hu <8 gdtgnra 8<: ,

3 has bkstrudtbgks spâ/

dbleas {olkhltl"% prgnlneaoakt sadrætas% raobsas lktârbaura/

oakt lu dgoobsslbra Olrdaeebkus 43 h'lutras bkstrudtbgks lu

prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà at lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua 83 uk praobar

âhbt &a hba tu o" ha Olrdaeebkus% hu <2 mlkvbar <<< '3 uka raquítaSebnaeeus" has Olxboblkbstas d

3 has &eastl pun bdl ha Dlrtflà%

gò âtlbe dgksb`kâa el râpgksa ha Zrboblkus &Zbboblkbprgirssbg"ê e'âhbt hu dgoobsslbra <

3 uka eattra dbrduelbra &trldegrbl" haZrboblkus ê tgus eas âvíquas hgkltbstas i

3 eas râpgksas ha das

âvíquas% kgtlooakt uka eattra h'axdusa &ebt tarla axdusltbgkbs"

h'uk dartlbk Iâebx ha B

" bsbtl'M

3h'bkkgonrlneas @astl oukbdb/

plebl% at eas rlppgrts &grhbkuo raeltbk" lhrassâs ê Olrdaeebkusplr eas oukbdbplebtâs lirbdlbkas .

3 ea sadgkh âhbt &ahbdtuo"% prg/oueùâ plr ea dgoobsslbra vars ea +>: olb.3 el Kgtl k'l Hgkl/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% ' .= BBB+ >2 at Dgktrl Mueblkuo% BBB% <% 1+

<8< 3 Luùsebg% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >/83 0" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% Be% 1:3 <<<%>:9=

Apbs t+ o% <:+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BB% 43 Zgssb/

> Dgh+ Xfagh+% VYB% <<% 4= Dgeelb+ hbus% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <9+

Dlrefl`+% B+ 8= BBB% >'+ 6" Luùstbk% Lh Hgklebstls ose Dge/

4 Dgeelb% i'lrefl`+% B% , at 4:+ elt+% >8% <<%

8" enbh+% b+ b+ 2 Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% <44+

1" enbh+% B% 13 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% E:" enbh + B% ;+

|%+>+ Be" 5. +% B+ <:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/

9" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% <:3 Luùstbk% elt+% B% 43 Tarog 416% 9+




tbstlruo% hu >1 olb% râpgksa hu dgkdbea sdfbsoltbqua lu sadgkhâhbt <

3 ea Olkhltuo Hgkltbselruo % hu oíoa mgur% bkstrudtbgks

lux olkhltlbras hu plrtb>

% lvad eas sb`klturas ha tgus easâvgquas &sunsdrbptbgkas" 4

3 el râpgksa &apbstuel" hu dgkdbea

dltfgebqua lu sadgkh âhbt 8

3 ea olkhltuo has Dltfgebquas% hu4: olb% bkstrudtbgks ê eaurs olkhltlbras 1

% lvad sb`klturas âpbs/

dgpleas &sunsdrbptbgkas" 93 uka sadgkha eattra hu dgkdbea dltfg/

ebqua lu dgoobsslbra% ak râpgksa ê el Kgtlrbl has Hgkltbstas0

+

Eas raquítas has haux plrtbs% qub hâdbhærakt e'aoparaur ê

dgkvgquar el Dgkiârakda% gkt âtâ sguvakt leeâùâas lu dgurshas hânlts+ Dapakhlkt% aeeas ka sgkt dgkkuas qu'ak `rgs gu plrhas irlòakts3 kgus lvgks bkhbquâ peus flut da qu'gk ak slbt+

Be s'l`bt% pgur eas Hgkltbstas% ha el raquíta bksârâa hlks eas @astlprlaiadtgrbl ha ^lvakkas% hu 4: mlkvbar 8:9 6

3 pgur eas Dltfg/ebquas% ha el raquíta lhrassâa ê e'aoparaur plr ea dgkdbea haDlrtflà hu <8 mubk beG &patbtbg% pradas"% lvad bkstrudtbgks luxhâputâs hu dgkdbea &olkhltuo" 2

+ Be ast ê raolrquar qua e'ao/

paraur% hlks sl dgkstbtutbgk% oaktbgkka saueaoakt el haolkhaat e'lonlsslha has Dltfgebquas º3 olbs ea dgoobsslbra% hlks sgk

praobar âhbt% l sgbk ha spâdbibar qua eas sdfbsoltbquas gkt ilbt

klùæra uka hâolrdfa lklegùa lupræs hu `guvarkaoakt <<+

E'âhbt bopârble &boparblebs slkdtbg 3 rasdrbptuo boparltgrbs" eb

ast aktbæraoakt dgksarvâ+ Be ast prâdâhâ ha el sleutltbgk h'u/

slà = « Eas aoparaurs Dâslrs% Ielvbus at Xfaghgsbus% pbaux%

fauraux% vlbkquaurs at trbgopfltaurs% tgumgurs Luùstas% ê

eaur dfar Ielvbus Olrdaeebkus% sleut ³+ L el ibk% lutra sleutltbgk%

lmgutâa sur el pbæda ha dflkdaeearba plr el « olbk hbvbka ³ h'Fg/

kgrbus= « Lhbau% træs dfar Olrdaeebkus ³+ Lu/hassgus% el hlta%

qub dgrraspgkh lu <8 gdtgnra 8<: = « Hgkkâ el vabeea has bhas

h'gdtgnra% ê ^lvakkas% sgus ea dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas/³ <4+

D'âtlbt ea taops gò eas &bgtfs hâvlstlbakt e'Btleba3 haux ogbsluplrlvlkt% Lelrbd lvlbt gddupâ ^goa+ Dapakhlkt% e'âhbt dgo/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% U%U'b3 Luùstbk% 6" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 13 <<<%<8< at

Nradbd+ Dgeeît+% <% 8+ subv+ 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 8%

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <863 Luùstbk% 13 Apbst+ 6T% <:+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <% <83 <<% 4+ 2" Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% dlk+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <82/><:+ <:03 Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 8/13 BBB% >23

8" enbh+% <% <93 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>63 40/423 843 893 823 1>3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% g = &eastl duo Aoa/ Dgeeît+% BBB% >/8+

keg% bb/0+ <:" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 83 <<<% >2+

1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 11= Luùstbk% <<" enbh+% B% 1+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <:+ <>" enbh+% <% 43 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/

9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 22/<84+ elt % <% <+

0" enbh+% B% <63 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2= <4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 83 BBB% >8 ibt

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <% 0+ >2= Dgh+ Xfaòh+% VYB% <<% 4+



42> EA HGKLXBTOA

oakda plr das ogts% qub lttastakt ea slk`/irgbh boparturnlneagu e'bkdgksdbakda gu el rgutbka ha el dflkdaeearba bopârblea =

« Zlrob eas peus `rlkhs sgudbs ha kgtra aopbra% ea raspadt hael egb dltfgebqua ast tgumgurs gu ea praobar gu ea saue ³+ Datta

prgiassbgk ha igb ast subvba ha plrgeas træs huras pgur eas Hgkl/tbstas% qua hapubs egk`taops e'gk lurlbt hó rloakar « plr el

tarraur gu eas lvartbssaoakts ³% das Hgkltbstasqub « plr e'arraur

oaksgk`æra ha eaur iukasta sdfbsoa% sgubeeakt e'Lirbqua% d'ast/

ê/hbra el plrtba el peus bopgrtlkta ha kgtra aopbra% uk plys sb

ibhæeaoakt lttldfâ ê sas havgbrs sâduebars ³+ Fgkgrbus ilbt aksubta

leeusbgk lux kgonrausas egbs pgrtâas dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquaslirbdlbks% oíoa lu râdakt âhbt ha tgeârlkda hgkt be rlppaeea at

dgkibroa e'lnrg`ltbgk+ Be hâdelra qua el vârbtâ ha el egb dltfgeb/

qua âdelta lux yaux ha tgus+ Lpræs da egk` axgrha% lussb peabk

ha oakldas qua ha tfâgeg`ba% be lrrbva ê el quastbgk+ Be l ldduabeeb

vgegktbars% hbt/be% el hâputltbgk has âvgquas dltfgebquas% ha/

olkhlkt el râukbgk h'uka dgkiârakda% aktra olkhltlbras has

haux plrtbs% d gò el euobæra ha el rlbsgk hgbt dgkigkhra el su/

parstbtbgk ³+ Ak dgksâquakda% be grhgkka ha dgkvgquar el hbta

dgkiârakda hlks uk hâelb ha qultra ogbs+ Tb eas Hgkltbstas raiu/

sakt ha dgoplrlëtra% lpræs trgbs dbtltbgks at eas hâelbs ha dgutuolda% bes sargkt dgkhlokâs plr hâilut3 bes havrgkt rakhralegrs tgutas eaurs nlsbebquas% at e'ukbtâ sarl râtlneba plrtgut luprgibt ha eaurs lhvarslbras+ Olrdaeebkus ast dflr`â ha râukbr eas

âvíquas% ha prâsbhar eas hânlts% ha prgkgkdar el saktakda lrnb/

trlea% lu nasgbk% h'lssb`kar at ha dgkhlokar eas dgktuoldas = ea

tgut% ak sa dgkigrolkt lux prasdrbptbgks hu prâsakt âhbt at lux

bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas qu'be l raàuas prâdâhaooakt+ Ak lttak/hlkt% be havrl ilbra lppebquar tgutas eas egbs lkdbakkas gurâdaktas ak ilvaur ha e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua% slks takbr ludukdgopta ha e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda qub ast at rasta lnrg`â+ Zgur dgks/tbtuar sgk nuralu at lddgopebr sl obssbgk% be s'lhrassarl luprgdgksue at lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua% qub gkt raàu has grhras% de

qub havrgkt eub igurkbr ea parsgkkae kâdasslbra% eub prítar olbkigrta% ea sadgkhar ak tguta ilàgk+ T'be rakdgktra quaequa plrtha el oluvlbsa vgegktâ% ea dgoobsslbra ast bkvbtâ ê « akvgyarhas rlppgrts ³ pgur hâkgkdar eas dguplneas% qub sargkt pukbsak dgksâquakda+ Hæs qua sl obssbgk sarl tarobkâa% qu'be lbt

mu`â lpræs hânlts gu plr dgktuolda% be lvbsarl e'aoparaur qub

lttakh ea râsuetlb lvad bopltbakda <

+

Da râsuetlt âtlbt âvbhaooakt asdgoptâ h'lvlkda plr el dflk/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrbfl`+% B% 83 BBB% >2+




daeearba bopârblea3 at datta plrtblebtâ klçva gu dykbqua% kgkogbks qua ea tgk ha e'axgrha at el dgkibroltbgk bktaopastbvahas egbs ha prgsdrbptbgk% ka elbssa pls qua ha surprakhra ukpau hlks uk hgduoakt giibdbae% hastbkâ ê prâplrar uk muàoaktlrnbtrle+ Ak gutra% sb rahbt havlbt ítra booâhbltaoakt liibdfâ

gu kgtbibâ lux bktârassâs% gk ka pguvlbt bol`bkar olelhrassapeus bksb`ka = tgut y saonelbt dledueâ pgur hâtgurkar eas âvg/quas hgkltbstas ha sa rakhra ê uka dgkiârakda gò bes sa slvlbakth'lvlkda dgkhlokâs+ Lussb ast/gk loakâ ê suppgsar qua Olr/daeebkus k'l pls punebâ h'lngrh el dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea+ Taegk

tguta vrlbsaonelkda% be el tbkt sadræta musqu'lu <ar

mubk be <% êe'guvartura ha el Dgkiârakda+ Da mgur/eê% qulkh tgus eas Hgkl/tbstas âtlbakt ê Dlrtflà% be ka put sa hbspaksar h'ak ilbra ebra%

subvlkt e'uslà% ea taxta dgopeat '+ Olbs% musqu'ê datta hlta% be

saonea lvgbr pruhaooakt `lrhâ hlks sas lrdfbvas ea rasdrbt hae'aoparaur+ Hlks sgk âhbtha mlkvbar% gò be dgkvgqulbt el dgk/iârakda% be sa dgktaktl ha oaktbgkkar el dgkstbtutbgk h'Fgkg/rbus% at ha el râsuoar% olbs ak elbsslkt ha døtâ tgut da qub

trlfbsslbt ea plrtb/prbs4

+ Be ast prgnlnea% h'lbeeaurs% qua ea dgo/obsslbra prgdâhlbt lbksb lvad e'lutgrbsltbgk hu `guvarkaoaktdaktrle+

Ak aiiat% lvlkt h'ítra bkvastb giibdbaeeaoakt ha sas igkdtbgksh'lrnbtra plr ea rasdrbt hu <8 gdtgnra 8<:% Olrdaeebkus lvlbt

raàu has bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas Solkhltl"+ Kgus k'ak dgkklbs/sgks pls ea dgktaku3 olbs ea rasdrbt eub/oíoa% ê haux raprbsas%

y ilbt leeusbgk+ E'aoparaur hbt ê sgk dgoobsslbra% ê prgpgs hasgk røea iutur ha prâsbhakt at ha muà = « Xu ta sguvbaks axldta/

oakt ha tgutas eas bkstrudtbgks qua tuls raàuas lktârbauraoakthlks tas olkhltl+++ Lbksb% tu pgurrls t'ldqubttar% lvad tgkzæea âprguvâ% ha tgut da qub ast spâdbibâ sgbt hlks eas olkhltllktârbaurs% sgbt hlks eas prâsakts stltuts ³

4+ Da sgkt prgnlnea/

oakt das bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas% bkdgkkuas ha kgus% qub axpeb/

quakt ea hâslddgrh lpplrakt aktra el dgkstbtutbgk bopârbleaat e'âhbt hu dgoobsslbra+

H'lutras bkstrudtbgks% â`leaoakt lktârbauras lu <8 gdtgnra%lvlbakt âtâ akvgyâas ha ^lvakkas lu prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà at

lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua+ D'ast e'aoparaur eub/oíoa qub kguse'lpprakh = « Zgur qua tu ka olkquas pls has ogyaks h'ldtbgk

kâdasslbras% hbt/be ê Olrdaeebkus% Kgtra Târâkbtâ l prâvaku

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% 4/83 Luùstbk% lddaparbs% peakbssboa oaobkbstb+++ 3 ut at

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <+ dl qula lkta olkhltl sukt% at quld kukd>" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 1+ stltutl dg`kgsdbs% prgnltl pgssbs bopeara

4" « \ubdqubh atblo ukba bk olkhltbs sgeartbl ³ &Bnbh+% B% 8"+



428 EA HGKLXBTOA

e'fgkgrlnea prgdgksue at e'fgkgrlnea vbdlbra ha da qu'bes lurgktê ilbra+ T'bes hâsbrakt dgksarvar eaurs prgpras hb`kbtâs% s'bes

vaueakt qua eaurs sungrhgkkâs ka s'axpgsakt pls lux harkbarssuppebdas% bes havrgkt ta igurkbr elràoakt ea parsgkkae kâdas/slbra% tbrâ lussb nbak ha eaurs prgpras nuralux qua has sarvbdasha tgus eas `guvarkaurs •; '+ Lutraoakt hbt% ea prgdgksue hlks slprgvbkda% at ea vbdlbra h'Lirbqua hlks tgutas eas prgvbkdas qubhâpakhlbakt ha eub% plr e'bktaroâhblbra has `guvarkaurs plrtb/

duebars% havlbakt ildbebtar lu dgoobsslbra e'lddgopebssaoakt hasl obssbgk% sgbt pgur el dgkvgdltbgk has âvíquas hlks eas

hbbçâraktas vbeeas% sgbtpgur el dgkstbtutbgk hu nuralu ha el

Dgkiârakda% sgbt pgur e'lssb`kltbgk has râdledbtrlkts% sgbt pgure'axâdutbgk has muàoakts ha dgktuolda gu ha el saktakdalrnbtrlea+ Gk vgbt qua eas prâplrltbis hu dgeegqua ha Dlrtflàleelbakt oattra ak oguvaoakt prasqua tguta e'lhobkbstrltbgklirbdlbka+

Aktra e'âhbt ha xOlrdaeebkus at el dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% ea

hâslddgrh âdelta musqua hlks el dfrgkgeg`ba+ H'lpræs ea rasdrbt

hu <8 gdtgnra 8<:% bl Dgkiârakda havlbt sa râukbr hlks ukhâelb ha qultra ogbs >

= hgkd% saonea/t/be% lvlkt ea <8 iâvrbar8< < + Kâlkogbks% d'astsaueaoakt ea <2 mlkvbar qua ea dgoobsslbraelkàl sgk âhbt ha dgkvgdltbgk 4

= d'âtlbt âvbhaooakt trgp tlrh

pgur lngutbr ê taops+ Lutra hbiibduetâ = Olrdaeebkus% ê sgk tgur%

plrelbt h'uk hâelb ha qultra ogbs-% hgkd musqu'lu <2 olb% at

pgurtlkt be hâdelrlbt axprassâoakt qua ea hâelb axpbrarlbt sauea/oakt ea < ar mubk I

%mgur gò dgooakdærakt ak aiiat eas hânlts <

'+ Lpraobæra vua% datta dfrgkgeg`ba lirbdlbka ast «ea kltura ê hârgu/

tar% at saonea trlfbr uk sbkùebar oâprbs ha e'lrbtfoâtbqua+Dapakhlkt% das hgkkâas dgktrlhbdtgbras pauvakt sadgkdbebar+luogbks hlks uka dartlbka oasura+

Dgooakàgks plr mustbibar el hlta qua kgus lvgks lssb`kâa lupraobar &''&ebt ha Olrdaeebkus+ Ea taxta dgksarvâ hu hgduoakt kaigurkbt eê/hassus luduka bkhbdltbgk prâdbsa3 olbs uk bkdbhaktha sâlkda paroat ha râtlnebr el hlta+ Eas Hgkltbstas bkvgqulktel prasdrbptbgk% ea prâsbhakt grhgkkl lux `raiibars ha dgktrøeareaurs hbras sur el

pbæda grb`bklea+Yârbibdltbgk ilbta% ea sdrbna

Klopbus râpgkhbt = « Hapubs ea mgur ha eahbt ha Xl Kgneassa%

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <= BBB% >2+ b bktrl qultugr oarbsas 5; &Dgeeît+ Dlr/>" / \ulo rao bktrl qultugr okbsas Bcl`+% B% 1"+

prladbpbous axpebdlrb / Senbh+% B+ b + \ub &ebas bktrl hbao Cleakhlruo4" Dgeeît+ • % B% be = Luùstbk% eukblruo sbka hunbg dgkdeuhatur •; Un h

d+ Dgeelb +<+ B% 1"+ / Di+ B+ >43 BB+

8" / Bktrl Eaopus f drbptuo% b'e 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`%% B% B+




ea qultrbæoa ogbs s'ast tarobkâ ea <8 has dleakhas ha mubk h

& / <2 olb b '+ Hgkd e'âhbt ast nbak hu <2 mlkvbar 8<<+

Zgurqugb hgkd Olrdaeebkus lvlbt/be tlkt tlrhâ7 Tlks hguta%

be k'lvlbt pu plrtbr booâhbltaoakt pgur e'Lirbqua% ê dlusa hael sbtultbgk trguneâa ha e'Btleba qua sbeegkklbakt akdgra hasnlkhas ha @gtfs+ Olbs âtlbt/be eâ`le ha dgkvgquar pgur ea

<ar mubk uka lssaoneâa qub lurlbt hó sa râukbrlb, peus tlrh ea

B U iâvrbar7 Tur da pgbkt% be k'ast ùæra pgssbnea h'lhoattra ukaarraur gu uka kâèbàkda ha el plrt hu dgoobsslbra+ Gu nbak% be

gntbkt ha e'aoparaur uk kguvalu hâelb+ Gu peutøt% be bktarprâ/

tlbt lutraoakt qua kgus ea rasdrbth'Fgkgrbus = be havlbt dgoptareas qultra ogbs ê plrtbr ha el kgtbibdltbgk lux bktârassâs ha el

hâdbsbgk bopârblea% qub musqua/eê âtlbt bkdgkkua h'aux+ Easbkstrudtbgks hu dgoobsslbra havlbakt eub elbssar uka dartlbkaeltbtuha pgur ea dgooakdaoakt has gpârltbgks% tgut ak ibxlkt

uka ebobta axtríoa pgur el hurâa ha e'axâdutbgk+

âsta e'lutra hbiibduetâ+ Tb ea hâelb has qultra ogbs plrtlbt hu<2 mlkvbar 8<<% be havlbt axpbrar ea <2 olb+ Lbksb rlbsgkkærakteas Hgkltbstas% qub âtlbakt aktrâs sgeakkaeeaoakt ê Dlrtnlà ea

<6 olb/% at qub ka dassærakt ha prgtastar aksubta dgktra el hltahu <

ar mubk% ak bkvgqulkt el prasdrbptbgk.+ Tur da pgbkt% ê dgupsór% be y lvlbt au oleaktakhu aktra eas sdnbsoltbquas at ea dgo/obsslbra+ Taegk tguta lpplrakda% Olrdaeebkus lvlbt dledueâ ea

hâelb eâ`le has qultra ogbs% kgk pls ê plrtbr hu <2 mlkvbar% mgurgò be sb`kl sgk âhbt% olbs ê plrtbr hu <

r iâvrbar% mgur ibxâ pgurel kgtbibdltbgk giibdbaeea lux âvíquas at pgur e'liibdflà+ Zrgpg/kltur% grhra h'liibdfar = tae ast ea harkbar ogt hu hgduoakt%

ogt qub sur e'grb`bkle âtlbt ha el olbk hu dgoobsslbra'+ B/Mb

lmgutlkt das hguza mgurs% Olrdaeebkus drgylbt l`br hlks el ebobtaha sas pguvgbrs = bb hâdelrl eub/oíoa ak sâlkda qu'be âtlbt lutg/rbsâ plr e'aoparaur% ak dls ha nasgbk% ê prgegkàr ha haux ogbsea hâelb prbobtbi.+

D'ast hgkd ea <2 mlkvbar 8<< qua ea dgoobsslbra bopârbleelkàl e'âhbt ha dgkvgdltbgk {ahbdtuo"+ El pbæda kgus ast plrva/kua bktldta% slui e'ak/tæta at el hlta+ Hæs sas praobars ogts%Olrdaeebkus lkkgkda qu'be l raàu uka dgkstbtutbgk ha e'aopa/

<" « Klopbus sdrbe+l hbxbt = Tadukhuo BB% 4= BBB% 1%9+bebao ahbdtb Kgnbebtltbs Xula% qulreus oak/ 8 Dgeeît+ Dlrbfl`+% B+ '+

sbs dgkdeusus ast hba VBY Cle+ eukblruo ³ 1" « Qt% sb egk`bkqubtltd bebkarbs qulrtg&Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >0"+ // Di+ Luùs/ oaksa plrtas lbe dgkstbeutuo egauo vakbratbk% eeraubd+ Dgeeît+ % B T+ obkboa pgtubssakt% hugruo oaksbuo bkhu/

bDgeelt+ Dlrbfl`+ %<% < b at >2 3 EQ% >:8+ dbld prlastlraktur ³ {Bnbh+% B% 4:"+ ‘ Di+

4" Bnbh+% B% >>/4<"3 <<% 86/1:3 BBB% >:4/ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dg elE% B% 6+>:bb = Luùstbk+% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% 6 at < < =



429 EA HGKLXBTOA

raur Fgkgrbus « pgur el dgkibroltbgk ha el igb dltfgebqua ³+ Be

râsuoa lvad prâdbsbgk% ak raprghubslkt oíoa eas axprassbgks

ha e'grb`bkle% eas prbkdbplux dgksbhârlkts at eas delusas hu ras/drbt = lonlsslha has âvíquas dltfgebquas% râsgeutbgk iaroa harâtlnebr e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa% dgkvgdltbgk h'uka dgkiârakda aktraolkhltlbras has haux plrtbs% hâelb ha qultra ogbs% prâsbhakdaha Olrdaeebkus+ Dgkigroâoakt lux grhras ha e'aoparaur% ea

dgoobsslbra hâdbha qua tgus eas âvgquas lirbdlbks% dltfgebquasgu hgkltbstas% havrgkt ítra rakhus ê Dlrtflà lvlkt ea < ar mubk+Tb e'uk has haux plrtbs olkqulbt lu rakhaz/vgus% be sarlbt dgk/hlokâ plr hâilut+ Zgur qua kue ka pubssa prâtakhra lvgbrb`kgrâ el dgkvgdltbgk% eas lutgrbtâs oukbdbpleas% hlks dflquadbtâ gu dflqua ngur`% havrgkt kgtbibar e'âhbt lux âvíquas hashaux plrtbs% hrassar prgdæs/varnle ha el kgtbibdltbgk at hasrâpgksas% pubs lhrassar eaur rlppgrt lu dgoobsslbra <

+

Musqua/eê% Olrdaeebkus ka ilbt qua trlhubra ak igroueas lhob/kbstrltbvas eas grhras ha e'aoparaur+ Tl pgebtbqua parsgkkaeeas'liibroa hlks h'lutras plrtbas ha e'âhbt% hgkt e'asprbt at ea tgkdgktrlstakt sbkùebæraoakt lvad daux hu rasdrbt bopârble+ Ea

dgoobsslbra% qub sa slvlbt raspgkslnea hu suddæs% s'ast aiigrdâha oattra eas dfgsas lu pgbkt% ak uslkt ha el ebnartâ qua eub

elbsslbakt lpplraooakt sas bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas+ Tas gobs/sbgks at sas lhhbtbgks sgkt â`leaoakt sb`kbibdltbvas+ H'lngrh%hlks sgk râsuoâ hu rasdrbt% be l au sgbk ha plssar sgus sbeakda

tgut da qub lurlbt pu aiilrgudfar eas sdfbsoltbquas = el tfâgeg/`ba ha e'aoparaur% sas râdrbobkltbgks% sas oakldas+ Lu dgk/trlbra% Olrdaeebkus dfardfa ê lolhguar eas Hgkltbstas+ << oue/

tbpeba eas axpebdltbgks% eas prgoassas% eas dgkdassbgks at eas`lrlktbas+ Be mustbiba el dgkvgdltbgk ha el Dgkiârakda% ak ilbslkt

gnsarvar qu'aeea l âtâ râdeloâa tgur ê tgur plr eas haux plrtbs+

Be bol`bka ha sâhubra eas hbssbhakts plr e'aspgbr ha radguvrareaurs âèbsas+ Xgut âvíqua hgkltbsta qub prgoattrl h'leear ê Dlr/tbelà raktrarl booâhbltaoakt ak pgssassbgk ha sl nlsbebqua%

qub l hó ítra dgkibsquâa ak vartu ha e'âhbt h'ukbgk+ Tb tgus eas

âvíquas hu plrtb lddaptakt ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda% gk eaur rak/hrl% lvad eaurs slkdtulbras% tgus eas lutras booauneas qu'gktpgssâhâs mlhbs eaurs dgoouklutâs = lbksb% el quastbgk sarl raha/vakua aktbæra ê e'guvartura has hânlts+ Ak gutra% ea dgoobs/slbra s'ak`là% sgus el igb hu saroakt% ê muàr lvad boplrtbl/ebtâ% ukbquaoakt h'lpræs eas pbædas ae eas rlbsgks prghubtas+ Tb

e'gk sa oâiba ha eub ê dlusa ha sl qulebtâ ha dltfgebqua% be dgk/

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% 1+




sakt ê da qua eas Hgkltbstas eub lhmgb`kakt uk lssassaur% dfgbsb

plr aux hlks eaur Âèbsa% sgus el sauea râsarva qua dat lssas/

saur sgbt h'uk rlk` â`le lu sbak gu supârbaur+ L tgut âvíquaqub sa rakhrl ê Dlrtflà% Olrdaeebkus giira uk slui/dgkhubt%

vlelnea pgur ea ratgur dgooa pgur e'leear% at quaeea qua sgbt el

saktakda lrnbtrlea+ Musqu'lu muàoakt hâibkbtbi% be bktarhbt ê

tgus eas làkts ha e'aoparaur% sgus eas pabkas eas peus sâværas%

ha pgursubvra e'lppebdltbgk ha e'lkdbak âhbt h'ukbgk 3 hlks ea

dls gò das làkts dgooattrlbakt has lnus ha pguvgbr% be lutg/

rbsa tgut Hgkltbsta ê pgrtar pelbkta% at s'ak`là ê dfîtbar eas

dguplneas<

+

Das `lrlktbas at da elk`là âtlbakt lssurâoakt ha kltura ê

rlssurar e'gpbkbgk hlks ea dlop has sdfbsoltbquas+ Tlks hguta%

tgutas das oasuras ka plrlbssakt pls lvgbr âtâ lppebquâas ê el

eattra+ Olrdaeebkus lvlbt au nalu prakhra sur eub ha prgoattra el

rastbtutbgk has âèbsas3 eas hbssbhakts sa pelb`kbrakt peus tlrh

qua% sur da pgbkt% sas grhras k'aussakt pls âtâ plrtgut axâdutâs >+

\ulkt ê e'giçra ha sbâàr lvad uk lssassaur hgkltbsta% d'âtlbt

paut/ítra ha el pguhra lux yaux = be k'âtlbt pls ildbea ha hâdgu/vrbr uk Hgkltbsta hu rlk` ha Olrdaeebkus% sâkltaur% trbnuk at

kgtlbra bopârble+ Ole`râ tgut% e'aiiat âtlbt prghubt+ E'âhbt ilbt fgk/kaur lu dgoobsslbra% hgkt be lttasta el delbrvgylkda% el egylutâ%

el oghârltbgk at e'asprbt pgebtbqua+

Lu eakhaolbk ha el punebdltbgk ha dat âhbt% sa prghubsbt ukbkdbhakt bklttakhu+ Eas Olxboblkbstas% luxquaes parsgkka k'lvlbt

sgk`â% vgueurakt hgkkar sb`ka ha vba+ Bes lhrassærakt ê Olrdae/ebkus uka raquíta &ebnabeus"% gò bes sgeebdbtlbakt eaur lhobssbgk

ê el Dgkiârakda4

+ Lu raàu ha datta râdeloltbgk% ea dgoobsslbraplrlët lvgbr prbs e'lvbs has Dltfgebquas% lu ogbks h'Luraebus at

ha quaequas lutras âvgquas prâsakts ê Dlrb eblà3 dlr Luùstbkâdrbt ê da prgpgs = « Eas Olxboblkbstas hâsbrlbakt sa dgksgearha eaur patbt kgonra ak ibùrlkt lu ogbks hlks eas hânlts 3 bes

aspârlbakt lvgbr e'lbr h'ítra quaequa dfgsa lux yaux ha daux qubeas oâprbslbakt% s'bes âtlbakt lhobs ê dgktrgvarsar lvad kgus+Olbs kgus lvgks oâprbsâ eaur sgooltbgk ab Sauv tbnaeeus at eaur

lppae+ Ak aee'at% bes vguelbakt ítra kgooâs hlks eas hânlts% peusqu'bes ka drlb`klbakt h'y ítra vlbkdus+ Bes k'aspârlbakt pls e'fgk/

kaur ha el vbdtgbra= bes lonbtbgkklbakt e'lvlktlà h'lvgbr plrtb/

dbpâa el Dgkiârakda% k'lylkt pls e'lvlktlà hu kgonra+++ LuxOlxboblkbstas% e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua k'l hlb`kâ lddgrhar luduka

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% 13 Luùstbk% >" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% Be% '+6+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <%>+' 4" Bnbh+% B% <:+



426 EA HGKLXBTOA

hbsdussbgk% plrda qu bes s'âtlbakt sâplrâs% kgk pls ha kgus% olbshas Hgkltbstas ³U Olrdaeebkus l`bt ak dgksâquakda% h'lutlkt

obaux qua sas bkstrudtbgks oaktbgkklbakt saueaoakt eas Hgkl/tbstas prgpraoakt hbts% hgkd eas Zrboblkbstas+ Be ramatl el raquítahas Olxboblkbstas plr datta delusa ha sgk sadgkh âhbt = « LuxOlxboblkbstas lussb sarl kgtbibâ ea prâsakt âhbt+ Bes dgoprak/hrgkt qu'bes ka hgbvakt pls ítra lhobs ê da dgkdbea% gò tgut ea

hânlt hgbt ítra ak`l`â at trlkdfâ aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas%

ak vartu has raeb`bausas prasdrbptbgks has deâoakts aoparaurs+L e'lppub ha eaur haolkha% bes ka pauvakt bkvgquar eaur prâ/taktbgk «e'ítra has Hgkltbstas% pubsqua e'gk âtlnebt qu'bes gkt âtâ

dgkhlokâs plr eas Hgkltbstas ³ UQka rbdfa sârba ha hgduoakts% hgkt be rasta pau ha dfgsa% sa

rlppgrtlbt lux kgtbibdltbgks ha eahbt hu dgoobsslbra hlks eas

dbtâs gu ngur`s has hbiçâraktas prgvbkdas% at lux kâ`gdbltbgksaktra âvgquas hgkltbstas+ Hlks da `rgupa ibùrlbakt h'lngrhhas @astl punebdl ha Dlrtflà% gò âtlbt raprghubta el râpgksagiibdbaeea ha Zrboblkus {Zrboblkb p giassbg" lux ol`bstrlts qub

eub lvlbakt sb`kbibâ e'âhbt+ Ea prbolt hgkltbstd hâdelrl qu'be

lddaptlbt el Dgkiârakda% at prgobt ha sa prâsaktar ea B ar mubk 4 +

Dgooa be ak`làlbt plr eê sgk plrtb% be s'aoprassl h'ak lvbsar

sas dgeeæùas plr uka eattra dbrduelbra &brldbgkl"% gò be eas bkvb/

tlbt tgus ê e'bobtar = « Elbssaz eê tgut ea rasta% hbslbt/be% fêtaz/

vgus ha vakbr tgus ê Dlrtflà+ Tldfaz qua% raiusar ha vakbr% da

sarlbt dgoprgoattra kgtra oabeeaura dflkda ha suddæs hlksdatta liilbra b ³+ Zrboblkus aktakhlbt plr elqua ea kgonra oíoahas âvíquas hu plrtb âtlbt ea oabeeaur lrùoakt ak ilvaur ha

eaur Aèbsa+ Ak râpgksa ê sldbrduelbra% ea

prbolt hut radavgbrakvbrgk qultra dakts eattras+ E'uka h'aeeas ast oaktbgkkâaaxprassâoakt = el eattra h'axdusa {ebtearla 5 usltbg7bbs" h'uk dar/

tlbk Iâebx% âvíqua ha Zbsbtl ak Zrgdgksuelbra% qub hâdelrlbt kapguvgbr vakbr ê dlusa ha sgk `rlkh îà 1

+ Dapakhlkt% plr tgutae'Lirbqua% eas lutgrbtâs oukbdbpleas kgtbiblbakt e'âhbt lux âvíquashas haux plrtbs% akra`bstrlbakt eas râpgksas hlks has prgdæs/varnlux% râhbàlbakt Ld; rlppgrts+ Gk paut sa ilbra uka bhâa

lssaz katta ha das hgduoakts h'lpræs eas bkstrudtbgks akvgyâasplr Olrdaeebkus = « Ma raqubars &'`lbaoakt tgutas eas lutgrbtâs

ha tgutas eas prgvbkdas% durltaurs% ol`bstrlts has dbtâs at

oaonras ha e'grhu% bktakhlkts% prgdurltaurs% saubgras has

b% Luùstbk% b gktrl Mueblkuo% BBB% <%1+ Luùstob% ea+

W'= Dgeelb+ Dlrecl`+% B% o+ 8" Luùstbk% L;b Hgklebsels ;u%se 5ge/+ Bnbh+% Be% 1: 3

BBB / ustbk% elb+% >8% 8<+

ebrabbd+ Dgeeît+% Be% 43 e'gssbhbks% Ybtl 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <44%




hbvarsas egdle beâs = sgus eaur raspgkslnbebtâ parsgkkaeea% sgus

pabka ha parhra eaur rlk` at el vba% qua tgus sa fîtakt ha dgk/

vgquar eas âvíquas has haux plrtbs hlks eas dbtâs at eas egdlebtâsgò bes haoaurakt+ Ha datta dgoplrutbgk% bes havrgkt hrassar

ea prgdæs varnle% sgbt hlks has @asbl% sgbt hlks has hgduoaktsquaedgkquas+ Tb% lu mgur hbt% gk ka trguva pls eas âvgquas hlkseas dbtâs% gk havrl eas ilbra dfardfar musqua hlks eas dlopl`kas%pgur eaur kgtbibar eas delusas ha e'grhgkklkda bopârblea at el

takaur hu prâsakt âhbt+ Hlks eas qultra ogbs havrgkt oa plrva/

kbr eas rlppgrts has oukbdbplebtâs% qub oa iargkt dgkklëtra eas

bktaktbgks ha dflduk has haux plrtbs' ³+ D'ast plr daktlbkas qua

sa dgoptlbakt das prgdæs/varnlux S@astl ouk dbp'bfê" at das rlp/

pgrts &grhbkuo raelQgka+s" akvgyâs lu dgoobsslbra+

Ha tgus das rlppgrts% be râsuetlbt qua ea dgoobsslbra lvlbt

peabkaoakt râussb+ Tlui eas bkvlebhas at eas olelhas% tgus eas

âvíquas has haux Âèbsas rbvleas% eas Dltfgebquas lvad aopras/

saoakt% eas Hgkltbsias lvad râsb`kltbgk+% tgus s'âtlbakt ak`l`âsê lssbstar lu `rlkh dgeegqua+ Qka igbs hâdbhâs% eas sdfbsol/

tbquas sa fîtærakt h'lutlkt peus ha sa rakhra ê Dlrtflà%

qu'bes lvlbakt eaur bhâa ha harrbæra el títa = ê el ilvaur h'ukaâqubvgqua sur ea taroa hu hâelb eâ`le% bes asdgoptlbakt ukaprasdrbptbgk pgssbnea >

+ Tur uk ogt h'grhra% bes sa rakdgk/

trærakt lux pgrtas ha Dlrtflà% ea <6 olb = bes aktrærakt ak/

dgrps% at plrdgururakt eas prbkdbpleas ruas ha el dlpbtlea%

« lvad tguta el pgopa h'uk dgrtæà sgeakkae% prgpra ê lttbrar

sur aux eas ra`lrhs at e'lttaktbgk h'uka sb `rlkha vbeea ³ 3b

+ Eas

Dltfgebquas lrrbvlbakt lussb% olbs bsgeâoakt% slks irldls 8+ Yars

ea >: olb% tgut ea ogkha âtlbt eê = præs ha sbx dakts âvíquas%hgkt el ogbtbâ akvbrgk pgur dflqua Aèbsa.'+ Eas haux plrtbs

s'gr`lkbslbakt pgur el eutta = eas Dltfgebquas taklbakt dgkdbea

hlks el Nlsbebdl Castbtutl gu dltfâhrlea % eas Hgkltbstas hlkse'âèbsa ha el Xfagprapbl <

+

Hæs qu'be vbt Dlrtflà peabka h'âvíquas% Olrdaeebkus prgoue/ùl uk kguvae âhbt% qub iut aksubta liibdfâ hlks el vbeea U Dgooaea praobar% da sadgkh âhbt ast aktbæraoakt dgksarvâ% slui el

hlta at e' ak/títa+ El hlta ka paut ítra hâtarobkâa qu'lpprgxbkbl/

tbvaoakt+ Aeea sa pelda aktra ea <6 olb% mgur ha e'aktrâa has Hg/

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% <% 1+ b Luùstbk% Nrat b + Dgeelb % <% BB+

>" Bnbh+% <% >>/4:3 BB% 86/1:3 EQ% >:4/ 1} Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% ><4/><:3 Lu/

>:93 Luùstbk% Hravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% T at be3

ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <8+

Be% 43 BBB% 1% 9+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 8+

4" Luùstbk% Lh Hgklebsels pgst Dge/ 0" Bnbh+% BBB% T+

elb+% >1% 84+ ‘ Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 6" Bnbh+% B% <: de <03 Luùstbk% Nravbd+

<8 at >23 <<<% >:8+ Dgeelb+% B% :3 Tarrkg 416% 9+



8:: EA HGKLXBTOA

kltbstas'% at ea >1 olb% mgur ha eaur râpgksa lu dgoobsslbra >

3

prgnlneaoakt% vars ea >: olb+ Ea hgduoakt% qub ast egk`% nbak

grhgkkâ at igrt durbaux% dgoprakh qultra plrtbas=

prâlonuea%ræèaoakt ha el Dgkiârakda% râhldtbgk at axpâhbtbgk has prg/dæs/ varnlux% dgkdeusbgk+

Hlks uk prâlonuea lssaz sgeakkae% olbs ha dbrdgkstlkda% ea

iutur prâsbhakt ogktra e'bopgrtlkda has hânlts qub vgkt s'gu/

vrbr% at qub hgbvakt râtlnebr el plbx ha e'Aèbsa+ Be s'axdusa og/hastaoakt h'ítra gneb`â ha mguar% aktra has âvgquas% da røeah'lrnbtra qua eub bopgsa el vgegktâ ha e'aoparaur 1

+

Zubs be âhbdtâ ea ræèaoakt ha el Dgkiârakda = ræèaoakt ra/

olrqulnea% qub lssurlbt el râùelrbtâ has hânlts ak prâvaklkttgut hâsgrhra% at qub% ak taklkt ea punebd ê e'âdlrt% eub giirlbt%

pgurtlkt eas peus dgopeætas `lrlktbas+ Dflduk has haux plrtbs

havrl âebra sapt lvgdlts/olkhltlbras &ldtgras"% qub saues pgur/rgkt bktarvakbr hlks eas hbsdussbgks% at sapt lutras âvgquas%dgksabeears &dgksbeblrbb" +giibdbaeeaoakt ouats% qub lssbstargkt luxsâlkdas slks y prakhra punebquaoakt el plrgea% olbs lvad qubeas olkhltlbras pgurrgkt leear sa dgkdartar hlks has dgkvar/

sltbgks prbvâas+ Eas hânlts lurgkt ebau hlks eas Xfaroas ha@lr`bebus+ Bes dgooakdargkt lu mgur prâdâhaooakt bkhbquâ%ea mgur has dleakhas ha mubk+ Taues% havrgkt sa prâsaktar eas

qultgrza hâeâùâs ha dflqua plrtb% lvad eaurs `raiibars at eas

âvíquas/lrdfbvbstas hgkt be sarl quastbgk peus egbk+ Kueea lutraparsgkka ka sarl lhobsa = kb elçqua% kb deard+ Ea punebd ast

bkvbtâ ê s'lnstakbr ha tguta olkbiastltbgk% oíoa ê ka plss'lpprgdfar hu ebau has sâlkdas3 eas âvgquas iargkt nbak ha

prídfarea

dleoa luxibhæeas has haux Aèbsas+

Xguseas

âvíquaskgk olkhltlbras ha dflqua plrtb havrgkt sb`kar uka hâdelrl/

tbgk dgeeadtbva% qub sarl lhrassâa lu dgoobsslbra lvlkt e'gu/

vartura ha el Dgkiârakda% at plr elquaeea bes prgoattrgkt harltbibar tgus eas ldtas ha eaurs olkhltlbras+ Be vl slks hbra quadas ldtas ak`làrgkt% lvad eas âvíquas% tgus eaurs ibhæeas+ Akravlkdfa% pgur âvbtar tgus sgupàgks% râdrbobkltbgks gu oleak/takhus% e'lrnbtra punebarl at iarl liibdfar% ê Dlrtflà at hlkstgutas eas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% eas prgdæs/vareblux dgopeats has

sâlkdas% qub sargkt el mustbebdltbgk ha el saktakda U

Ybakt aksubta e'axpgsâ obkutbaux ha tgutas eas prâdlutbgksprbsas pgur el râhldtbgk at e'axpâhbtbgk ha das prgdæs/varnlux+H'lngrh% ê e'axaopea hu prâsbhakt% tgus eas grltaurs havrgkt

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <% <8 de >2+ 8" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% B% <:+ ‘ Di+ B%

>; Bnbh+% <% <8+ ><6= Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% 4+

4" Mnbh+% B% <:+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8:<

sb`kar% sur el obkuta has dgoptas/rakhus% tgus eaurs hbsdgursat eas ogbkhras plrgeas qu'bes lurgkt prgkgkdâas+ Xgut da qubsarl hbt lu dgurs has hânlts sarl raduabeeb plr peusbaurs stâkg/`rlpfas = h'lngrh% has `raiibars punebds &axdaptgras"3 pubs% haskgtlbras addeâsblstbquas &kgtlrbb addeasblstbdb"% lu kgonra haqultra pgur dflqua plrtb% at hâsb`kâs plr eub+ Ea trlvlbe ha daskgtlbras sarl survabeeâ at dgktrøeâ plr has âvíquas/lrdfbvbstas&lh dflr tls3 dustghas dflrtlruo" = qultra pgur dflqua Aèbsa%

âeus plr aeea+ Da parsgkkae ha `raiibars at ha kgtlbras igroarlhaux `rgupas% qub gpârargkt ê tgur ha røea+ \ulkh eas stâkg/

`rlpfas h'uk has `rgupas lurgkt tarobkâ eaur tîdfa% bes dâha/rgkt el pelda ê daux ha e'lutra `rgupa% at sgrtbrgkt ha el sleea hassâlkdas% pgur leear oattra lu kat eaur prgdæs/varnle% tgumgurssgus el survabeelkda ha el ogbtbâ has âvgquas/lrdfbvbstas hashaux plrtbs+ Lpræs dflqua luhbakda% gk râsarvarl uk mgurh'bktarvleea pgur eas dgpbas at e'axpâhbtbgk has dgoptas/rakhus%qub sargkt liibdfâs ê oasura+ Dflqua vgeuoa ha el obkuta%ravítu has sb`klturas ha tgus eas olkhltlbras% sarl sdaeeâ luxsdalux hu prâsbhakt at has fubt âvíquas/lrdfbvbstas e

+

Tór ha k'lvgbr rbak kâèb`â% Olrdaeebkus k'l pu s'aopídfar%ak tarobklkt% ha eguar sgk âhbt+ Lpræs uka delusa bkdbhakta% gòbe ramatta el haolkha has Olxboblkbstas% be ilbt raolrquar qu'be

l tgut prâvu% tgut râèâ+ Dgktastar el eâ`btbobtâ gu e'utbebtâ hasoasuras prbsas% da sarlbt trlfbr% hbt/be% has lrrbæra/paksâas+ << aklppaeea lu paupea ha Dlrtflà% qub nbaktøt muàrl ea muà% at

qu'be prakh ê tâogbk ha sgk boplrtblebtâ+ Akibk% be hâdelra qu'be

lttakh eas râpgksas has haux plrtbs+ Dflduk has dgkdbeas rbvlux%

plr uka eattra raobsa lu dgoobsslbra% lvlkt el Dgkiârakda atea peus tøt pgssbnea% havrl lhfârar ê tgutas eas dgkhbtbgks ibxâas

plr e'âhbt+ Zgur das eattras h'lhfâsbgk% be suiibrl has sb`klturashas prbolts+ Olbs eas hâdelrltbgks oaktbgkkâas peus flut% rael/

tbvas lu oêkhltuo at ê e'ak`làoakt ha rltbibar eas ldtas hasolkhltlbras% havrgkt pgrtar eas sb`klturas ha tgus eas âvíquashu plrtb prâsakts ê Dlrtflà >

+

Dgkigroâoakt lux prasdrbptbgks ha e'âhbt% eas haux dgkdbeasrâhb`ærakt dflduk uka eattra lu dgoobsslbra at uk olkhltuo+Eas haux `rgupas ha pbædas% qub kgus sgkt plrvakus bktâ`rlea/

oakt% hbiiærakt naludgup at plr eas hboaksbgks% at plr ea saks%

at plr ea tgk% at plr e'asprbt+

Eas haux hâdelrltbgks has Hgkltbstas% ilnrbquâas ê el fîtahlks eaur sâlkda hu >1 olb% trlfbssakt el oluvlbsa fuoaur%

<" DgQlt+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <:+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ >" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <:+

ùstbk% Apbse+ <8<% >+

BY £9



Ç:> EA HGKLXBTOA

e'bktaktbgk ha sa hârgnar plr has ilux/iuylkts at has dfbdlkas+

El praobæra pbæda% hâsb`kâa sgus ea kgo ha Kgtlrbl Hgklttstl/

ruo% l el igroa h'uka eattra ê Olrdaeebkus = « E'lkkâa h'lpræs

ea dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas% delrbssboa% ea 6 has dleakhas ha mubk&?z >1 olb 8<<"+ L Ielvbus Olrdaeebkus% delrbssboa% fgkgrlneatrbnuk at kgtlbra% Blkulrblkus% Zrboblkus% at tgus eas lutrasâvíquas hu vrlb dfrbstblkbsoa at ha el vârbtâ dltfgebqua+++ ³+

Hlks datta eattra ê eaur iutur prâsbhakt% eas sdfbsoltbquas kaplreakt ha sgk âhbt qua pgur ea drbtbquar+ Bes dgooakdakt plreub kgtbibar eaur aktrâa sgeakkaeea ê Dlrtbelà% ea <6 olb+ Qs

lmgutakt qu'bes sgkt lrrbvâs ak kgonra = slui eas bkvlebhas% tgussgkt vakus% oíoa eas vbabeelrhs+ Bes lvlbakt au dgkiblkda hlksea saroakt hu dgoobsslbra% hlks sl prgoassa h'ítra boplrtble+

Olbs ea kguvae âhbt% qub dgktrahbt ea praobar% eaur dlusa ukavârbtlnea bkqubâtuha+ Bes s'âtgkkakt qu'gk râdeloa eaur lhfâ/sbgk lux delusas ha dat âhbt = da qub ast dgktrlbra ê e'uslà+ Bes

prgtastakt dgktra eas lrtbdeas hu ræèaoakt qub bktarhbsakt ê el

peuplrt h'aktra aux e'lddæs haeê sleea has sâlkdas+ Qs prâtakhakt

yaktrar tgus = d'ast eê saueaoakt qu'bes pgurrgkt râpgkhra at

prakhra eas hbvars ak`làoakts axb`âs h'aux+ Gk l sb sguvaktdgktastâ e'bopgrtlkda ha eaur Âèbsa% qu'bes tbakkakt ê ogktrareaur kgonra+ At% pubsqu'gk eas l tgus lppaeâs ê Dlrtflà% tgushgbvakt lssbstar lux hânlts% slui ê dflràr quaequas/uks h'aktra

aux ha pelbhar el dlusa dgoouka+ El eattra ast sb`kâa plr Blkul/rblkus% prbolt ha Kuobhba% at Zrboblkus% prbolt ha Dlrtflà <

+

Datta râpgksa has sdfbsoltbquas âtlbt egbk ha hgkkar sltbsild/

tbgk lu dgoobsslbra+ Musqu'lu mgur ha el Dgkiârakda% gk put sa

haolkhar s'bes sa hâdbharlbakt ê lddaptar ea ræèaoakt% ê âebra

has raprâsaktlkts% ê prghubra ea olkhlt uo axb`â+ Dapakhlkt%ea dgkdbea hgkltbsta k'gsl pls pgussar eas dfgsas ê e'axtríoa%prgnlneaoakt hlks el drlbkta ha s'axpgsar ê uka dgkhlokltbgkplr hâilut+ Ea >1 olb% ea mgur oíoa gò be râhbàlbt sgk bopar/tbkakta Kgtlrbl% be hâsb`klbt sas olkhltlbras at prâplrlbt sgkolkhltuo+ Dgooa grltaurs hu plrtb% be dfgbsbt Zrboblkus haDlrtflà% Zatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% Lhaghltus ha Obeav% Aoa/

rbeus ha Dlaslral% @luhaktbus ha çflou`lhb% Ogk tlk us ha]lol% Zrgtlsbus ha Xfunukla3 ê das sapt lhgras% be lhmgb`kbtsapt dgksbeblrbb at qultra dustghas dflrtlruo+ Ea olkhltuo%hgkt ea taxta prgpraoakt hbt ast træs dgurt% ast lhrassâ lux olk/hltlbras aux/oíoas = « E'lkkâa h'lpræs ea dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas%delrbssboa% ea 6 has dleakhas ha mubk ‘ >1 olb 8<<"% ê Dlr/

b Dgeeît+ Dlrefdti +% <% <8= Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% 8+



Ldtas has dgkdbeas 8:4

tflà+ ‘ Blkulrblkus% Zrboblkus% Iâebx% Hgkltus% Dlkhgrbus%Gptltus% Hgkltblkus% Lktgkblkus% Ybdtgrblkus% Igrtbs at tguseas lutras% ê Zrboblkus% ê Zatbeblkus% ê Aoarbtus% ê Zrgtlsbus%ê Ogktlkus% ê @luhaktbus% ê Lhaghltus% kgs dg/âvíquas% kgusprâsakts ê aux prâsakts% sleut+ Kgus vgus dgkibgks plr da ogk/hltuo el dlusa ha e'Aèbsa ha Hbau+ Kgus ilbsgks ha vgus kgshâiaksaurs dgktra eas trlhbtaurs qub kgus parsâdutakt+++ Kgusrltbibargks tgut da qua vgus luraz ilbt hlks e'bktârít ha el slbktaÂèbsa = kgus kgus y ak`làgks plr kgtra sb`kltura+ Kgus sgu/flbtgks qua ea Tab`kaur vgus sgbt ak lbha3 sguvakaz/vgus ha

kgus ³'+ Tubvakt haux dakt sgbxlkta/hbx/kaui sb`klturas &sun/sdrbptbgkas" = ak títa% Blkulrblkus ha Dlsla Kb`rla% prbolt haKuobhba% Zrboblkus ha Dlrtflà% Iâebx ha ^goa >

+ Eas Hgkl/tbstas tbkrakt h'lngrh sadrat da olkhltuo% qu'bes sa râsarvlbaktha prâsaktar lu dgurs has hânlts% at qu'bes prghubsbrakt ak aiiat

lu obebau ha el praobæra sâlkda 4+

Xlkhbs qua eas sdfbsoltbquas râdrbobklbakt at dfardflbakt ê

sa hârgnar% eas Dltfgebquas lhfârlbakt lvad aoprassaoakt ê

tgutas eas delusas ha e'âhbt% at akvgylbakt eaur olkhltuo+ Hâmê%hlks das pbædas giibdbaeeas% bes asqubsslbakt eaur systæoa hahâiaksa+ Luùstbk kgus hbt pgurqugb+ Ea nrubt dgurlbt qua eas

Hgkltbstas sgkàlbakt ê bkvgquar has prasdrbptbgks% paut/ítra ê

sa ratbrar hâibkbtbvaoakt = lu dls gò el Dgkiârakda k'lurlbt plsebau% eas Dltfgebquas vguelbakt lttabkhra hu ogbks da râsuetlt%

qua ea punebd trguvît hlks uk hgssbar giibdbae uk râsuoâ ha eaur

lrùoaktltbgk% at qua eaurs lhvarslbras plrussakt s'ítra hârgnâsplr drlbkta '+

Hlks uka praobæra râukbgk% eas Dltfgebquas ibxærakt ea taxta

ha eaur râpgksa lu dgoobsslbra 1+ \ugbqua el eattra ka sgbt peus

hltâa% gk ka paut hgutar qu'aeea lbt âtâ âdrbta vars ea >1 olb+ Akaiiat% quaequas mgurs peus tlrh% aktra ea >9 at ea 4< olb% eas Dltfg/ebquas lhrassærakt ê Olrdaeebkus uka sadgkha eattra% gò bes râiu/

tlbakt el Kgtlrbl hgkltbsta hu >1 olb% liibdfâa hlks e'bktarvleea 9+

Gk ak paut dgkdeura qua eas râpgksas has haux plrtbs gkt âtâ

raobsas lu dgoobsslbra vars ea oíoa taops = daeea has sdfbs/

oltbquas âtlkt hu >1 olb% daeea ha eaurs lhvarslbras hgbt ítrahu oíoa mgur% gu ê pau præs+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <86+ ‘ Di+ B% 8" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <+ <:+

>:63 BB% 1:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ DgteuE% 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <93 Luùstbk%

<% <8+ Apbst+ <>6 3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît++ B% 13 @astl>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <82/><: 3 Lu/ duo Aoarbtg% 1/0+

ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <% <8 3 Lh Hgkl/ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <63 Luùstbk%

ebs tls pgst Dgeeît+% >8% 8<+ Apbst+ <>2+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <80+



8:8 EA HGKLXBTOA

Kgus lvgks quaequas raksab`kaoakts sur datta sâlkda gò ea

dgkdbea dltfgebqua lrrítl ea taxta ha sl râpgksa ê e'âhbt+ Easoaonras ha datta lssaoneâa hgkkærakt uk nae axaopea h'lnkâ/`ltbgk at uka prauva hâdbsbva ha eaur sbkdârbtâ% ak praklkt h'aux/

oíoas e'ak`làoakt sgeakkae ha sldrbibar musqu'ê eaur hb`kbtâ

h'âvíqua lu râtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ Ylbkdus ê el

Dgkiârakda% bes hâobssbgkkarlbakt tgus3 vlbkquaurs% bes trlbta/

rlbakt ak dgeeæùas tgus eas Hgkltbstas rleebâs <+ Luùstbk dgkta

uka patbta sdæka qub prâdâhl el sâlkda hu dgkdbea+ Gk plrelbt hael prgpgsbtbgk kguvaeea% el hâobssbgk ak dls ha hâilbta+ 3U+utgur

h'Luùstbk% hlks uk `rgupa h'âvíquas% gk sa haolkhlbt dgo/oakt e'bhâa sarlbt ldduabeeba hlks el râukbgk peâkbæra+ Gk dbtlbt

has kgos = uk tae vgtarl pgur% uk tae vgtarl dgktra+ Ak sâlkda%el surprbsa iut `âkârlea+ El prgpgsbtbgk iut lhgptâa ê e'uklkb/

obtâ% ogbks haux vgbx = at akdgra% e'uk has gppgslkts lylktdflk`â h'gpbkbgk% ea vbabe âvíqua qub saue lvlbt dgonlttu e'bhâa

ha el hâobssbgk rastl saue ha sgk lvbs U Gk râhbàl ak dgksâ/quakda el eattra ê Olrdaeebkus+

Hæs eas praobars ogts ha datta eattra sykghlea% sb`kâa lu kgoha tgus eaurs dgeeæùas plr Luraebus ha Dlrtflà at plr Tbevl/

kus% prbolt ha Kuobhba% eas âvíquas dltfgebquas hâdelrakt lddap/

tar slks luduka râsarva tgus eas lrtbdeas hu ræèaoakt+ Bes vgkthâsb`kar eaurs raprâsaktlkts at prâplrar eaur olkhltuo3 bes

prbakt Olrdaeebkus h'lssbstar ê eaur prgdflbka sâlkda% gò tguseas oaonras hu dgkdbea sb`kargkt datta pbæda 4

+ Zubs bes kgtbibakt

lu dgoobsslbra e'ak`làoakt qu'bes vbakkakt ha prakhra+ Tb

el saktakda ast ilvgrlnea lu plrtb ha Hgklt% tgus hgkkargkteaur hâobssbgk pgur ildbebtar e'Ŕuvra h'ukbgk% at% h'aux/oíoas%brgkt sa rlkàr sgus eas egbs ha eaurs lhvarslbras h'lumgurh'fub+T'bes gkt `lbk ha dlusa% bes rastlurargkt e'ukbtâ ak s'lssgdblkt

eas âvíquas hgkltbstas rleebâs% qub tgus dgksarvargkt lvad eaur

rlk` eaurs igkdtbgks âpbsdgpleasU Gk lurl ea dfgbx aktra hbvarsasdgonbklbsgks = gu nbak eas haux âvíquas `guvarkargkt aksaoneaea hbgdæsa de sbâàrgkt hlks el oíoa nlsbebqua ak axaràlkt tgurê tgur el prâsâlkda% gu nbak bes sa plrtlàrgkt eas plrgbssas% ak

lttakhlkt qua el ogrt ha e'uk h'aktra aux paroatta ha râtlnebr

e'ukbtâ ha ilbt+ Hlks ea dls gò eas &bhæeas ka vguhrlbakt plslddaptar dat âpbsdgplt ê haux% eas haux âvíquas sa hâoattrlbaktsbouetlkâoakt ha eaurs igkdtbgks% at gk eaur hgkkarlbt uk sud/dassaur ukbqua'+ Eas Hgkltbstas ka pauvakt e'lbra oluvlbs

U" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <>6% >3 ebravbd+ 4" Apbst+ <>T% <+

Dgeeît+% B% 1+ 8" Bnbh+% <>6% >+

<" hâkbl duo Aoabbeg% @+ ; Bnbh+% <>6% +'"3 Qbavbd+ Dgeelb+% B% 1+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8:1

ldduabe ê das prgpgsbtbgks% qub râsarvakt tgus eaurs hrgbts3

h'lbeeaurs% d'ast lbksb qu'aux/oíoas gkt prgdâhâ egrs ha eaurrâdgkdbebltbgk lvad eas Olxboblkbstas <

+ Xgut ak axpebqulkt eaur

`âkâraux prgmat% eas Dltfgebquas pelbhakt flnbeaoakt el dlusaha eaur Âèbsa = bes bkhbquakt hâmê eas prbkdbplux lrùoakts qubsargkt raprbs at hâvaegppâs hlks eaur olkhltuo+

Ea 4: olb% kguvaeea sâlkda hu dgkdbea% pgur e'âeadtbgk hasolkhltlbras at el râhldtbgk hu olkhltuo + Tubvlkt eas taroasha e'âhbt% gk âeut sapt lhgras% sapt dgksbeblrbb% qultra dustghasdflrtlruo+ Iurakt hâsb`kâs dgooa grltaurs hu plrtb = Lura/ebus ha Dlrtflà% Luùstbk h'Fbppgka% Leypa ha Xfl`lsta%Rbkdaktbus ha Dueusb% Igrtukltus ha Dgkstlktbka% Igrtukltbl/kus ha Tbddl% Zgssbhbus ha Dlelol >

+ Ea olkhltuo ast ukhgduoakt dgksbhârlnea% træs hbiiârakt ha daeub has Hgkltbstasqub s'âtlbakt dgktaktâs ha quaequas ogts pgur dgkiârar ê eaursraprâsaktlkts eas pguvgbrs kâdasslbras+ L das pguvgbrs% eas

Dltfgebquas drurakt havgbr lmgutar has bkstrudtbgks hâtlbeeâas%

bkhbqulkt lux olkhltlbras el olrdfa ê subvra% eas rlbsgks ê

bkvgquar%eas pbædas ê prghubra+ Ak

oíoataops

qu'ukldta

haprgdâhura% eaur olkhltuo ast uk patbt trlbtâ ha dgktrgvarsalktb/hgkltbsta% uk raduabe h'lrùoakts at ha taxtas nbnebquas%

uk dltlegùa ha hgduoakts+« E'lkkâa h'lpræs ea dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas% delrbssboa% ea 4 has

dleakhas ha mubk &‘ 4: olb 8<<"+ ‘ Olkhltuo ilbt hlkse'Âèbsa ha Dlrtflà plr ea dgkdbea ukbvarsae has âvgquas dltfg/ebquas% sgus el prâsbhakda h'Luraebus% âvíqua ha e'Âèbsa haDlrtflà% at ha Tbevlkus% prbolt ha Kuobhba ³+ Da hânut% qub

sakt el prgdâhura% ast booâhbltaoakt subvb h'uka patbta lpg/eg`ba hu Dltfgebdbsoa+ Zubs% ea dgkdbea lkkgkda qu'be s'ast

râukb pgur hâsb`kar sas hâeâùâs at pgur eaur raoattra hasbkstrudtbgks+ Lussbtøt% be prâdbsa eas pgbkts qua havrgkt hâva/egppar eas olkhltlbras+ Gk dgooakdarl plr hbstbkùar lvadsgbk el dlusa ha e'Âèbsa {Dlusl Addeasbla" ha daeea has prâtak/hus trlhbtaurs+ E'Aèbsa ukbvarsaeea k'l pu ítra dgoprgobsaplr eas ilutas ha quaequas/uks 3 aeea s'ast tgumgurs dgopgsâa ha

ngks at ha oâdflkts+ D'ast da qua prguvakt h'bkkgonrlneastaxtas nbnebquas3 at eas Hgkltbstas e'gkt radgkku bopebdbtaoaktplr el ilàgk hgkt bes gkt ldduabeeb eas Olxboblkbstas lpræs eas

lvgbr axdgooukbâs+ Dapakhlkt% e'gk ka havrl pls kâèbàr hahâiakhra lussb eas prâtakhus trlhbtaurs &Dlusl DladQ +lo" = gk

<" Apbst+ <>6% 8+

>" Dgeelb+ Dlrteblq+% B% 11+ ‘ Di+ B% 893 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <:+



8:9 EA HGKLXBTOA

ogktrarl qua el quastbgk ast trlkdfâa hæs egk`taops plr ukasârba ha hgduoakts lutfaktbquas% qua Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàat Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb gkt âtâ prgdeloâs bkkgdakts plr hasdgkdbeas% plr has ol`bstrlts% plr e'aoparaur Dgkstlktbk+ Akgutra% e'gk mustbibarl el dgkdaptbgk dltfgebqua hu nlptíoa%e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar+ Zgur tgut dael% gk leeâ/

ùarl el dgkhubta has Zrboblkbstas akvars eas Olxboblkbstas+Akibk% sb eas Hgkltbstas hbrbàkt has lttlquas parsgkkaeeasdgktra eas âvgquas dltfgebquas% gk eaur râpgkhrl qua das lddu/sltbgks k'gkt rbak ê vgbr lvad e'gnmat ha el Dgkiârakda at

havrgkt ítra pgrtâas peus tlrh havlkt eas murbhbdtbgks dgopâ/taktas'+

Lpræs das bkstrudtbgks% ea dgkdbea igrouea eas pguvgbrs hasas hâeâùâs at sas prgpras ak`làoakts = « Xaeeas sgkt kgsbkstrudtbgks% hlks eas taroas oíoas hu prâsakt âdrbt% at lvadtgut da qua ea Tab`kaur pgurrl su``ârar ha peus lngkhlkt guha peus sgebha ê kgs grltaurs+ Xaeeas sgkt eas bkstrudtbgks quakgus raoattgks plr da olkhlt ukb ê kgs iræras at dg/âvíquas%Luraebus% Leypbus% Luùstbkus% Rbkdaktbus% Igrtukltus% Igrtu/

kltblkus% Zgssbhbus+ Da olkhltuo% eaurs sb`klturas lttastakt

qu'bes e'gkt lddaptâ% dgooa kgs sb`klturas lttastakt quakgus ea eaur lvgks raobs+ Kgus rltbibargks tgut da qu'bes

lurgkt ilbt pgur kgus hâiakhra% lvad e'lbha hu Tab`kaur+ Kguseaur lhmgb`kgks% dgooa dgksabeears% Kgvltus% Iegraktbks%Oluraktbus% Zrbsdus% Tarakblkus% Ngkbildbus% Tdbeeltbus 3 at%

pgur survabeear el râhldtbgk has @astl% Hautarbus% Eâg+ Lsta/rbus% âstbtutus ³-+ El pbæda ast sb`kâa plr Luraebus ha Dlr/

tflà% plr Tbevlkus% prbolt ha Kuobhba% at plr tgus eas

âvgquas 4+ Das sb`klturas Sofsdrbptbgkas"% dgooa ak tâogb`ka

el igrouea% gkt âtâ lppgsâas ê Dlrtflà ak prâsakda ha Olr/daeebkus eub/oíoa+ Gk ak dgoptlbt h'lngrh haux dakt sgbxlkta/sbx+ Olbs vbk`t lutras âvíquas% lnsakts da mgur/eê% lhfâræraktpeus tlrh lu olkhltuo = h'gò uk tgtle ha haux dakt qultravbk`t/sbx sb`klturas 8

+

Ea dgkdbea dltfgebqua akvgyl akdgra lu dgoobsslbra uka

sadgkha eattra% pgur prgtastar dgktra el Kgelrbl hgkltbsta qubvaklbt h'ítra liibdfâa 9

+ El Kgtlrbl âtlkt hltâa hu >1 olb% at el

Dgkiârakda s'âtlkt guvarta ea <ar mubk% el sadgkha eattra has

Dltfgebquas l âtâ râhb`âa aktra ea >9 at ea +4< olb = prgnlnea/

<" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 113 Luùstbk% 8" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% ><8/><93 Lu/

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <:+ ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <% <8+

>" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 1" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <63 Luùstbk%

4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl` % B% 26/<84+ Apbst+ <><"3 Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% 0+




oakt ea 4:% ak oíoa taops qua ea olkhl tuo+ Dgooa el prâ/dâhakta% aeea ast lhrassâa ê Olrdaeebkus plr « Luraebus% Tbevl/

kks% at tgus eas âvíquas dltfgebquas ³% at ka pgrta qua eas sb`kl/turas has haux prbolts+ Eas Dltfgebquas aktrakt nrusquaoaktak oltbæra+ Bes sgkt vbvaoakt âous% hbsakt/bes% ha el Tlelrblhas hbssbhakts% qub prgtastakt dgktra e'âhbt at prâtakhakt lssbs/

tar tgus ê el Dgkiârakda <+ Datta prâtaktbgk ka trlfbt/aeea pls

uka lrrbæra/paksâa% e'bktaktbgk ha trgunear eas hânlts7 Dapak/hlkt% e'gk paut drgbra lussb% at e'gk hgbt sguflbtar% qua eas

Hgkltbstas hâsbrakt aktrar tgus pgur lnmurar eaur arraur% at

râtlnebr e'ukbtâ+ Eas Dltfgebquas lppaeeakt ha tgus eaurs vŔuxdatta râdgkdbebltbgk+ Qka taeea aspârlkda% oíoa dfboârbqua%eaur ilbt uk havgbr ha s'axpebquar akdgra sur eas pgbkts dgktas/tâs = dlrldtæras ha e'Aèbsa ukbvarsaeea% bkkgdakda has prâtakhustrlhbtaurs% nlptíoa% røea hu pguvgbr sâduebar% liilbra hu Olxb/oblkbsoa'/+ Tb eas Hgkltbstas gkt râieâdfb surtgut dael ak prâ/plrlkt eaur pelbhgyar% bes gkt hó dgoprakhra eaur arraur = paut/ítra vaueakt/bes pâkâtrar hlks ea egdle ha el Dgkiârakda% pgur yprgdeloar eaur ratgur ê el plbx at ê e'ukbgk+ Ak tgut dls% e'gk

ka paut prakhra lu sârbaux eas ogtbis bkvgquâs hlks eaur Kgtl/rbl+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas gkt/bes râaeeaoakt ea hâsbr ha prguvarqu'bes sgkt kgonraux7 Olbs bes k'gkt el olmgrbtâ qua hlks el

Kuobhba dgksuelbra+ H'lbeeaurs% pgur ogktrar dgonbak bes sgkt%bes gkt uk ogyak nbak sbopea = d'ast ha sb`kar tgus ea olkhl/tuo qu'gk eaur râdeloa 4

+ Zrâtakhakt/bes aktrar tgus% plrdaqu'bes gkt tgus âtâ dgkvgquâs ê Dlrtflà7 Olbs be ileelbt nbak eas

lppaear tgus% pgur eaur ilbra âebra eaurs olkhltlbras+ Nrai% eas

sdfbsoltbquas vaueakt ea hâsgrhra gu el plbx+ Tb d'ast ea hâsgr/hra% eas Dltfgebquas tbakkakt ê hâ`làr eaur prgpra ras/

pgkslnbebtâ = bes ka s'gppgsakt pls ê da qua eaurs lhvarslbras saprâsaktakt ak olssa% olbs aux/oíoas k'akvarrgkt qua eaurshâeâùâs% at e'gk slurl h'gò vbakt ea tuoueta+ T'be s'l`bt haplbx% qua eas Hgkltbstas ea hbsakt = eas Dltfgebquas sgkt príts êlddgurbr tgus 8

+

Be ka s'l`bsslbt pgbkt ha plbx+ Gk s'ak lparàut ê el Dgkiârakda% gò eas stâkg`rlpfas aurakt ê kgtar

surtguteas

hbsdus/sbgks at bkdbhakts sgueavâs plr eas gnstrudtbgks has sdfbsol/tbquas+ El praobæra sâlkda aut ebau% dgooa be âtlbt dgkvaku%ea < ar mubk% hlks ea sadratlrblo has Xfaroas ha @lr`bebus'+ Aeea

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2% <+ 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtflq+% <% < at <:+ Di+ BB%

>" Bnbh+% <>2% >/13 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% 0+ < 3 BBB% < 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% <83

4" Apbst+ <>2% 9+ Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeeît % >1% 843 41%b" Bnbh+% <>2% 0+ 16+ ‘ Gk l prgpgsâ h'bhaktbibar eas Xfar/



8:6 EA HGKLXBTOA

iut dgksldrâa tgut aktbæra ê el eadtura has pbædas qua kgus lvgkslkleysâas db/hassus% at ê el vârbibdltbgk has pguvgbrs+ Be suiibrl

hgkd h'bkhbquar nrbævaoakt ea dgktaku hu vgeuobkaux prgdæs/varnle+ H'lngrh% e'ak/títa= ebau at hlta ha el sâlkda% bkstleeltbgk

at dgopgsbtbgk hu nuralu% lvad ea sarvbda h'grhra% ea parsgkkaeha `raiibars at ha kgtlrbâ+ Qk has dnais ha RGi bdbuo% uk dar/

tlbk Qrsus% prakh el plrgea pgur prgdeloar qua ea mgur ha el

Dgkiârakda ast lrrbvâ% at pgur lkkgkdar lu dgoobsslbra quaeas âvíquas has haux plrtbs% vakus ha tgutas eas prgvbkdas lirb/

dlbkas% lttakhakt e'guvartura has pgrtas >+ Tur e'grhra hu prâsb/

hakt &dg`wtgr"% eas hbx/fubt hâeâùâs dltfgebquas igkt eauraktrâa% at% lvad aux% sa prâdbpbtakt ak iguea tgus eas âvgquashgkltbstas 4

+ Hlks uk hbsdgurs bkluùrle% Olrdaeebkus rlppaeeae'gnmat ha el Dgkiârakda at eas egurhas igkdtbgks ha muà hgkt be

ast bkvastb3 be grhgkka lu `raiibar ha ebra ea rasdrbt bopârble hu<8 gdtgnra% praobæra pbæda hu hgssbar raeltbi ê el dgkvgdltbgkgu lu ræèaoakt 8

+ Gk hgkka eadtura hu rasdrbt% pubs has lutraspbædas = eas haux âhbts hu dgoobsslbra% el Kgtlrbl Hgkltbstlruohu >1 olb% eas haux eattras hu dgkdbea dltfgebqua''+ Lpræsquaequas asslbs h'gnstrudtbgk ha el plrt has sdfbsoltbquasU ea

prâsbhakt ilbt ebra ea olkhltuo dltfgebqua hu 4: olb 0+ Tur el

raquíta has Hgkltbstas qub axbàkt el prâsakda ha tgus eas sb`kl/tlbras% gk akvgba dfardfar tgus eas âvíquas% qub nbaktøtlrrbvakt 6

+ Legrs dgooakda uka bktarobklnea vârbibdltbgk hgssb`klturas% lvad dgkirgktltbgk% sguvakt grlàusa% ha dflquasb`kltlbra lvad e'âvíqua rbvle hu oíoa hbgdæsa gu h'uk hbgdæsavgbsbk 2

+ Has quaraeeas rgopakt uk pau el ogkgtgkba ha das

prgdâhuras% qua subt uk bktaroæha fârgç/dgobqua = ole`râ e'bk/

vbtltbgk hu prâsbhakt% eas sdfbsoltbquas raiusakt ha s'lssagbr%

ê dlusa hu psluoa qub bktarhbt ha sbâàr lvad has bopbas eu+

Dapakhlkt% ê eaur tgur% eas Hgkltbstas dgksaktakt ê prghubraeaur olkhltuo <<

+ Gk ea ebt<>

% at da sgkt olbktaklkt eaurs sb`kî/

oas ha @lr`bebus lvad has rubkas bopgr/tlktas ha tfaroas qub dguvrakt &gu peutøt%

qub dguvrlbakt klùæra" el dgeebka hu Zatbt/Tâobklbra% lu Kgrh/Ast 5ed

Tlbkt/Egubs+E'fypgtfæsa k'ast pls bkvrlbsaonelnea =

olbs da k'ast qu'uka fypgtfæsa+ Ygbr Lu/høeeakt% Dlre bl`d rgolnba &Zlrbs% <2:<"%

p+ >91+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <+

>" Bnbh+% <%<+4" Bnbh+% <% >+

8" Bnbh+% B% 4+

1" Bnbh+% B% 8/13 <: 3 <8/<63 Luùstbk%Nravbd+ Dgeeît%% B% </0+

9" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl` % B% >:/143 Luùs/tbk% Nræoa+ Dgeeît+% <% 6/2+

0" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% 113 Luùstbk%Nravbd+

Dgeelb+% <% <:+6" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% <% 12 /,;T= Luùs/

tbk% eeravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% < <

+

2" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B+ 22/<84 3 Luùs/tbk% eeravbd+ Dgeelb+% <% <>+

<:" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B+ e b b /t <13 Luùs/tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <4+

<<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% b %0+

<>" Bnbh+% <% <863 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/el ++ B% <8+




turas qu'be ilut dgktrøear = eas dgkirgktltbgks radgooakdakt%lvad eas bkdbhakts at eas hbsputas <

+ Qka igbs eas vârbibdltbgkstarobkâas% ea `raiibar prgdeloa ea kgonra has âvíquas hadflqua plrtb% at ea prâsbhakt ilbt sgrtbr tgus eas kgk/olkhl/tlbras'+ Eas dgktrgvarsas sârbausas pgurrlbakt s'ak`làr3 olbshâmê ibkbt el gkzbæoa faura hu mgur% at el kubt lpprgdfa 4

+ H'ukdgoouk lddgrh% gk rakvgba eas hânlts lu sureakhaolbk-+ Lvlktha eavar el sâlkda% ea prâsbhakt s'lssura qua tgutas eas oasurassgkt prbsas pgur dgktrøear ha plrt at h'lutra el obsa lu kat at

e'axpâhbtbgk hu prgdæs/varnle =3

+

Hæs ea eakhaolbk% > mubk% eas Hgkltbstas bol`bkærakt ukkguvalu ogyak h'gnstrudtbgk% prgpra ê dlusar ha egk`s ratlrhs+Bes râdeloærakt uka dgpba hu olkhl tuo has Dltfgebquas% qu'gklvlbt eu el vabeea = pubsqua el plrtba lhvarsa k'lvlbt pls drlbktha hâvaegppar sas dgkdeusbgks hlks uka sbopea prgdurltbgk% bes

lvlbakt ea hrgbt% ê eaur tgur% h'gntakbr dgooukbdltbgk ha el

pbæda pgur e'âtuhbar at el hbsdutar ak hâtlbe+ Bes lhrassærakt hgkdê Olrdaeebkus uka kguvaeea Kgtlrbl% sb`kâa plr Zrboblkus lukgo has olkhltlbras% at lbksb dgkàua = « E'lkkâa h'lpræs ea

dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas% delrbssboa% ea 8 has kgkas ha mubk

&? > mubk 8<<"+ ‘ L Ielvbus Olrdaeebkus% delrbssboa% fgkg/rlnea trbnuk at kgtlbra% Zrboblkus% Zatbeblkus% Aoarbtus% Zrg/tlsbus% Ogktlkus% @luhaktbus% Lhaghltus% âvíquas at hâiaksaursha e'Âèbsa ha vârbtâ% hbsakt plr el prâsakta Kgtlrbl = Fbar% mgurhas dleakhas ha mubk% Xgk Axdaeeakda l hlb`kâ âdgutar ea hânltaktra kgus at kgs lhvarslbras3 pakhlkt prasqua tguta el mgurkâa%tu ls nbak vgueu aktakhra pltbaooakt eas plrtbas at el eadtura

ha peusbaurs pbædas raeltbvas lux prâebobklbras+ Be ast kâdasslbrapgur kgtra dlusa% qua ea olkhltwk prghubt plr kgs lhvar/slbras sgbt pgrtâ ê kgtra dgkklbsslkda+ Tb ea prgdæs/varnle dgo/peat ka paut ítra akdgra tarobkâ% ak rlbsgk ha sl egkùaur% be

bopgrta hu ogbks qua kgus k'lrrbvbgks pls lux hânlts slksítra príts+ Grhgkka hgkd qu'gk kgus raoatta lumgurh'fub oíoa%8 has kgkas ha mubk% has dgpbas ha da olkhltuo eu sur el

haolkha ha kgs lhvarslbras+ Kgus pgurrgks lbksb kgus prâpl/rar pgur el dgktrgvarsa qub kgus ast

bopgsâa+ ‘ Ogb% Zrbobl/kus% âvíqua% m'lb sb`kâ el prâsakta Kgtlrbl% ea 8 has kgkas ha mubk%ê Dlrtflà 9

³+ Kgus lvgks el râpgksa ha Olrdaeebkus% qub ast

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <82/><:3 Lu/ 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >></>>>3 Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <8+ ùsebk% Nravbd+ Dge le+% B% <1+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <%><</><03 Lu«us/ ' 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >>>/>>4+tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% <8+ 9" Bnbh+% Be% <>3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge/

4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% ><2/>>:+ elb+% BB% >+





LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8<<

lrdfbvbstas% lvad el sb`kltura has `raiibars raspgkslneas =

« Zunebâ at dgrrb`â plr kgus% Fbelrus at Olrtblebs% axdaptgras ³ '+

Lu kgo has Hgkltbstas% Ogktlkus ha ]lol sb`kl ea raàu Sdlu/

tbg" subvlkt = « E'lkkâa h'lpræs ea dgksuelt ha Ylrlkas% delrbs/

sboa% ea 6 has bhas ha mubk &? 9 mubk 8<<"+ ‘ Ogb% Ogktlkus%âvíqua ha el dbtâ ha ]lol â`bl% ma vgus âdrbs ê vgus% `raiibars%

Fbelrus at Zrlataxtltus% qua m'lb raàu ha vgus eas @astl has hauxluhbakdas gò kgus lvgks euttâ dgktra eas trlhbtaurs kgs parsâ/dutaurs = e'luhbakda has dleakhas ha mubk% at e'luhbakda hu 4 haskgkas ha mubk+ Ygus% `raiibars hu sbæà prgdgksuelbra% vgus

kgus lvaz raobs eas @astl ak prâsakda has Zæras kgsdg/âvíquas%ea 6 has bhas ha mubk% ê el trgbsbæoa faura hu mgur% hlks e'âèbsa

Xnagprapbl+ Eas @astl kgus lylkt âtâ ebvrâs lux ebaux at taopssushbts% kgus hâdelrgks qua kgus vbakhrgks axldtaoakt pgurpelbhar e'liilbra lu mgur ibxâ plr eas Ldtas ³ >

+ Qk raàu lklegùa%â`leaoakt dgksarvâ% iut sb`kâ lu kgo has Dltfgebquas plrIgrtukltblkus% âvíqua haTbddl 4

+

Olrdaeebkus lvlbt prgobs sgeakkaeeaoakt% hlks sgk âhbt% hatakbr ea punebd lu dgurlkt ha el olrdfa has hânlts 8

+ L el ibk

hu dgopta/rakhu ha el praobæra sâlkda% be âdrbvbt ha sl olbk =

« Grhra ha punebar ³ U Lu ogoakt ha degra el hauxbæoa lu/

hbakda% be tbkt ê prâdbsar% at sas harkbars ogts iurakt = « Dgooae'l spâdbibâ ogk âhbt% eas @astl sargkt liibdfâs ³

9+ Ea 9 mubk% ea

mgur oíoa gò eas `raiibars ldfaværakt el obsa lu kat 0% eas haux

prgdæs/varnlux iurakt peldâs ê Dlrtflà sgus eas yaux hu punebd+

Ea dgoobsslbra y mgb`kbt el kgta subvlkta% qua eas dgpbstas at

eas âhbtbgks gkt olelhrgbtaoakt trlkspgrtâa lu hânut ha el

sadgkha luhbakda% olbs qub ast dartlbkaoakt uk « Lvbs lu pu/nebd³% liibdfâ lvad eas @astl has haux praobæras sâlkdas = « Xgutea ogkha slbt da qua m'lb prgobs hapubs egk`taops hlks e'âhbt

liibdfâ = tgut da qub lurlbt âtâ ilbt aktra eas âvíquas has haux/

plrtbs% havlbt ítra pgrtâ lussbtøt ê el dgkklbsslkda hu punebd+

D'ast pgurqugb m'lb sgbk ha dgooukbquar ê vgtra pbâtâ ea prg/dæs/varnle ha da qub s'ast ilbt musqu'bdb = vgus pgurraz lbksb muàr%ha vgs prgpras yaux% el plrtba hu hânlt qub l au ebau+ ‘ Grhra

h'liibdfar ³6

+ Hæs ea 9 mubk% gk put ebra dat Lvbs sur eas oursha Dlrtflà% lu/hassus has @astl has haux praobæras mgurkâas 2+

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >>43 BB% 04+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BB% 04+

>" Bnbh+% BBB% 13 Luùstbk% Hravbd+ Dge/ <" Bnbh+% BBB% 4/1+

elt+% BBB% <+ 6" Bnbh+% BB% prgŔo+4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 8+ 2" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% Be% prgŔo+ ‘8" Bnbh+% B% <:+ Di+ Be% 98/9T 3 0< 3 043 BBB% 4/1+

1" Bnbh+% B% >>4+



8<> EA HGKLXBTOA

Dapakhlkt% eas Hgkltbstas ka sa elbsslbakt pls hâslroar plre'aoprassaoakt qu'gk oattlbt ê eas sltbsilbra+ Hlks eas pbædas

qu'gk eaur dgooukbqulbt% bes ka dfardflbakt qua hasprâtaxtas

ê gnstrudtbgks kguvaeeas+ Qs prâplrærakt kgtlooakt ukarâiutltbgk systâoltbqua hu olkhltuo ha eaurs lhvarslbras%

hgkt bes lvlbakt raàu uka praobæra dgpba ea > mubk '% uka sadgkhaea 9 lvad eas prgdæs/varnlux dgopeats 4

+ Eaur râpgksa% qub iut

eua ea 6 ê el Dgkiârakda 4

%plrlët lvgbr âtâ hâibkbtbvaoakt lrrítâa

at vgtâa ea 0% hlks uka râukbgk peâkbæra hu plrtb+ Aeea l el

igroa h'uka eattra lhrassâa ê Olrdaeebkus plr tgus eas âvgquassdfbsoltbquas = « L Ielvbus Olrdaeebkus% delrbssboa% fgkgrlneatrbnuk at kgtlbra% Blkulrblkus at tgus eas lutras âvíquas ha el

vârbtâ dltfgebqua% daeea qub sguiira el parsâdutbgk% kgk daeea

qub parsâduta ³+ Hlks uk axgrha bksbkulkt% ea dgkdbea asslba hamustbibar sgk bktarvaktbgk% qub paut saonear uk aopbâtaoaktsur eas lttrbnutbgks ha sas olkhltlbras+ Olbs uk muà âqubtlnea

ka paut raiusar ê e'uka has plrtbas da qu'be l parobs ê e'lutra+

Gr eas Dltfgebquas% hlks eaur olkhltuo% gkt hâvaegppâ egkùa/oakt tguta eaur tfæsa+ Gk hgbt lutgrbsar eaurs lhvarslbras ê

prgdâhar ha oíoa = lutraoakt% eas dgkhbtbgks hu hânlt kasarlbakt pls â`leas aktra eas olkhltlbras has haux Aèbsas+

Lpræs da prâlonuea% eas Hgkltbstas aktraprakkakt ha râiutar el

tfæsa dltfgebqua at h'axpgsar el eaur = dlrldtæras ha el vârbtlnea

Aèbsa% qub hgbt ítra pura% hâdfâlkda has trlhbtaurs at ha tgus

eaurs dgopebdas% tfâgrba hu nlptíoa% axpebdltbgks sur el dgkhubtahas Zrboblkbstas akvars eas Olxboblkbstas% prgtastltbgks dgktra

e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar+ L e'lppub ha eaurs drbtbquas

at ha eaurs liibroltbgks% eas Hgkltbstas ldduoueakteas taxtas

nbnebquas gu bkvgquakt e'lutgrbtâ ha eaurs olrtyrs+ Hlks ukaâegquakta pârgrlbsgk% bes hâdrbvakt eaurs olefaurs sâduelbras%

eaur hastbk eloaktlnea h'âtarkaes parsâdutâs = at ha tgutas eas

drulutâs% ha tgutas eas bkmustbdas% ha tgut ea slk` varsâ% bes

rakhakt raspgkslneas eas Dltfgebquas 8+ ‘ Datta eattra sykghlea

lu dgoobsslbra% hbrb`âa dgktra ea olkhltuo hu dgkdbea rbvle%

âtlbe dgooa uk sadgkh olkhltuo hgkltbsta+ Zlr da hgduoakt%hgkt bes axb`ærakt el eadtura ê el Dgkiârakda 1

% eas sdfbsoltbquas

drgylbakt râhubra lu sbeakda eas grltaurs ha e'lutra plrtb+ Akrâlebtâ% bes dgooattlbakt uka `rgssa bopruhakda% at s'axpgslbakt

<< Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% Be% <> = Luùstbk% 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >16 3 Luùstbk%

/ bd+ Dgeeît+% Be% >3 BBB% 6% <:+ Nravbd Dgeelb+% <<<% 6% <:/<8 3 Lh Hgkl/

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% 1 3 Luùstbk% ebstls pgse Dgeelb+% >2% 82+

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <+ 1" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+ % BBB% >82/>10+

4 Ygbelb% Dlrefl`+% BBB% >1</>12+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8<4

ê parhra ea nâkâibda ha eaurs gnstrudtbgks lktârbauras+ Akvguelkt râiutar eaurs lhvarslbras% bes s'âtlbakt elbssâ aktrlëkar ê

hbsdutar aux/oíoas eas quastbgks igkhloaktleas qu'bes lvlbaktmusqua/eê râussb ê asqubvar+ El eadtura ha daeta pbæda parobt luxDltfgebquas h'ak`làr el dgktrgvarsa sur eas pgbkts assaktbaes%

at lu muà ha prgkgkdar sl saktakda'+ Eas Hgkltbstas hurakts'lpardavgbr ha eaur olelhrassa ê el ibk ha el harkbæra luhbakda+

Ea 6 mubk% dgooa be âtlbt dgkvaku% aut ebau datta trgbsbæoasâlkda% qub havlbt ítra hâdbsbva >

+ Ea prgdæs/varnle ak âtlbt

axtrlgrhbklbraoakt vgeuobkaux+ Kgus ak pgssâhgks saueaoakt

el praobæra ogbtbâ4

3 olbs kgus dgkklbssgks plr has lnrâ`âs eadgktaku ha e'lutra plrtba '+E'ak/títa hu hgduoakt ast el raprghud/tbgk ha daeub has lutras sâlkdas% sb da k'ast qua ea parsgkkaelhmgbkt lu nuralu ast uk pau peus kgonraux U Qrsus% qub lvlbthâmê mguâ da røea ea praobar mgur% prgkgkda eas igroueash'uslà% pgur lkkgkdar qua eas haux plrtbas lttakhakt « havlkteas pgrtas ³ tt

+ Olrdaeebkus grhgkka ha eas bktrghubra = eas hbx/

fubt hâeâùâs dltfgebquas igkt eaur aktrâa% at% h'lutra plrt% eas

olkhltlbras hgkltbstas lvad qultra ha eaurs dgksabeears 0

+ Turuka quastbgk hu prâsbhakt% e'uk has `raiibars hâdelra qua eas

@astl has luhbakdas lktârbauras gkt âtâ dgooukbquâs luxbktârassâs lvlkt ea mgur dgkvaku = ak igb ha qugb% be hgkkaeadtura has haux raàus &dlutbgkas" s

+ Lpræs das prâebobklbras% ea

Dg`kbtgr at eas Dltfgebquas dfardfakt vlbkaoakt ê guvrbr ea

hânlt sur ea igkh 4+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas sgueævakt uka quastbgk

prâmuhbdbaeea = has haux plrtbs% quae ast ea haolkhaur7 <:+ Eê/

hassus s'ak`là uka dgktrgvarsa bktarobklnea at træs dgkiusa%

dgupâa plr h'lutras dfbdlkas = hrgbt has Hgkltbstas ê sa hbra easvrlbs Dltfgebquas.% prgdâhura ê subvra% kâdassbtâ ha dfgbsbr

aktra eas taxtas nbnebquas at eas pbædas h'lrdfbvas <>% axpbrltbgk

hu hâelb eâ`le at prasdrbptbgk %=,

+ Zgur trlkdfar el quastbgk prâ/muhbdbaeea% eas haux plrtbs leeæùakt at ea prâsbhakt ilbt ebra% gu

<" Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 2% <1 2" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+ %UUU% 9/<83 <9 3 >:3

at subv+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<% <3 Luùstbk% <:" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% <1 at subv+3

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<% <+ Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% > at subv+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl` % <<<% </>6<+ F" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B EB % >>3 el at

8" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% >6>/16< 3 subv+ 3 2< at subv+ 3 <>4 3 <89 at subv+ 3 Lu/Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 2% <9 at ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+[ BBB% 4+

subv+3 Apbse+ <8<% 8 at subv+ <>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% 623 <82 at

1" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% <+ subv+ 3 <6< at subv+ 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge'

9" Bnbh+% BBB% <+ eut+% Qe% 1% 93 9% 0+

0" enbh+% BBB% >+ <4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >:4/>:9= Lu/6" enbh+% BBB% 4/93 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ ùstbk% Nbavbd Dgeeît+% BBB% 1%9+

Dgeelb+% BBB% <+



8<8 EA HGKLËBTOA

asslba ha ilbra ebra% has hgduoakts ha tguta sgrta = âhbt bopârblehu <8 gdtgnra 8<: <

% raquíta at olkhltuo hu dgkdbea ha Dlr/tbelà

hu<8 mubk 8<: l

% @astl prlaiadtgrblha 8:9

4

% @astlpun ebau ha 8:4! raquíta has hbssbhakts at rlppgrt h'Lkuebkusak 4<4 1

+ El eadtura ha das harkbars hgduoakts% vbaux h'uk sbædea%

axlspæra eas sdfbsoltbquas% qub rakguvaeeakt eaurs lttlquasdgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà k

% at hgkt el dgeæra sa tgurkaoíoa dgktra Luùstbk 0

+

D'ast lu obebau ha datta dgkiusbgk at ha das quaraeeas% qua eas

Hgkltbstas dgooattakt eaur peus bksb`ka olelhrassa = bes axb/àkt el eadtura ha eaur eattra sykghlea% râhb`âa el vabeea ak râ/

pgksa lu olkhltuo ha eaurs lhvarslbras U Datta eadtura tarob/kâa% bes râdeloakt el hbsdussbgk booâhblta ha el pbæda 3

'+ EasDltfgebquas% hbrb`âs plr Luùstbk% sa `lrhakt nbak ha s'y gppgsar %:

+ Hæs egrs% el sbtultbgk havbakt katta+ Be suiibt ha plssar akravua eas leeâ`ltbgks at eas taxtas has Hgkltbstas% pgur prâdbsareas haux quastbgks assaktbaeeas+ H'lngrh% el Dlusl Addeasbla =

dlrldtæras ha e'Âèbsa ukbvarsaeea% sdfbsoa% parsâdutbgk% Olxb/oblkbsoa.+ Zubs% el Dlusl Dladhblkb% d'ast/ê/hbra el quastbgk ha

ilbt<>

+ E'bkkgdakda ha Dladbeblkus at ha sas plrtbslks ast prguvâaplr tgus eas hgduoakts prghubts% oíoa plr daux qu'lppgrtakteas Hgkltbstas = rlppgrts h'Lkuebkus <4

% eattras ha Dgkstlktbk '-%

dgkdbeas ha Dlrtfl a% ha ^goa at h'Lreas e1% prgtgdgea ha Dbrtl %d

%

eattras ha Oaksurbus at ha Tadukhus.% @astl ha olrtyrs <6% @astl

lpuhprlaiadtuo raeltbis lu plpa Oaedfblha <:% saktakda ha Dgks/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >8 at >2= Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+ % BBB% >+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrt fl`+% BBB% 40 at subv+ 3 82

at subv+3 Luùstbk% Nb'avbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >

at subv+

4" Dgeeît Dlrefl`+% <<<% <>8 at subv+3

<8< at subv+ 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dge ut+% BBB%

8% 1+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <<<% <8<3 <893 <08=

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 1% 9+

1" Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% ><1/>>: 3 Lu/ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% 1% 9 3 0% 6+

9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <<<%>:: at subv+3

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<% 0% 6+

0" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <<<% >>< at subv+ 3

>46/>80 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+ %<<<% 0%2+

6" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >82/>163 Lu/

ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <<<% 6% eu+

2" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >9:+

<:" Bnbh+% BBB% >9< 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+

Dgeelb+% <<<% 2% <1+

<< < Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl` % BBB% >9</>6< 3 Dl/pbtuel @altgruo% BBB% >6>/4<83 Luùstbk%

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 2% <1 at subv+

<>" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% 4<9/1063Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >8 at

subv+

<4" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% ><1/>>: 3

Dlpbtuel @asegruo% BBB% 4<9/4<63 Luùs/tbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <>% >8+

<8" Dlpbtuel @asegruo% BBB% 4<23 1<2/

11: 3 116/116 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+%BBB% <>% >83 <2% 403 >>% 8: at subv+

<1" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% <<<% 4>:/4>93480 at subv+= 8&<43 1<93 Luùstbk% Nravbd+Dgeelb+% BBB% BM+ >b3 <8% >93 <9% >6/4:3

<0% 4<3 <2% 40+<9" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% 41< at subv+ 3

466 at subv+3 8:6 at subv+3 Luùstbk% Nra/vbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <1% >0 3 <0% 4</44+

<0" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% 440/48> =

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <4% >1+

<6" Dlpbtuel @asegruo% BBB% 848 3 <81

882 3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <0% 4>+

<2" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% 82:/1<83

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% BBB% BK% 48/49+





8<9 EA HGKLXBTOA

eas lddusltbgks pgrtâas dgktra eas prâtakhus trlhbtaurs k'âtlbaktpls igkhâas+ Lux sdfbsoltbquas qub raiusarlbakt h'gnâbr% gk

hgbt lppebquar el rbùaur has egbs+ Tubt râkuoârltbgk hasoasuras prbsas = grhra ê tgus eas deards hgkltbstas ha sa sgu/oattra booâhbltaoakt gu h'lnlkhgkkar eaurs âèbsas lux dgo/ouklutâs dltfgebquas3 hâiaksa ê tgutas eas lutgrbtâs oukbdb/pleas% lux prgprbâtlbras ha `rlkhs hgolbkas% ê tgus eas làktsha e'aoparaur gu has plrtbduebars% ha tgeârar sur ea tarrbtgbra

h'luduka dbtâ% h'luduk ngur`% eas râukbgks ha hbssbhakts &dgk/vaktbgk el"3 dgkibsdltbgk has hgolbkas gò e'gk k'lurlbt pls ilbt

el dflssa lux Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ Be ast nbak aktakhu% h'lbeeaurs% quarbak k'ast dflk`â ê da qub l âtâ prgobs lktârbauraoakt = eas

âvíquas hgkltbstas ka sargkt pls bkqubâtâs musqu'ê eaur ratgurhlks eaur hbgdæsa% at% s'bes igkt eaur plbx lvad e'Âèbsa% bes dgk/sarvargkt eaurs nlsbebquas lvad eaurs igkdtbgks âpbsdgpleas+ Aktarobklkt% ea dgoobsslbra ak`là eas bkhâdbs ê ebra eas prgdæs/varnlux ha el Dgkiârakda% liibdfâs lu/hassgus ha sgk âhbt = gk yvarrl qua eas Hgkltbstas sgkt eas saues lutaurs hu sdfbsoa% at

qua eaurs pæras k'gkt au luduka rlbsgk ha rgopra lvad e'Âèbsa+

Olrdaeebkus lmgutl ha sl olbk% sur el pbæda grb`bklea = « Grhrah'liibdfar+ Hgkkâ ê Dlrtflà% e'lkkâa h'lpræs ea dgksuelt haYlrlkas% delrbssboa% ea 9 has dleakhas ha mubeeat ³ &? >9 mubk

8<<"'+

Zls peus qua havlkt el saktakda ha e'lrnbtra% el peuplrt hbsHgkltbstas ka s'bkdebkærakthavlkte'âhbt hu dgoobsslbra+ Dgooaea ilbslbe'prâvgbr el igrouea bktrlksbàlkta « sgus râsarvah'lppae ³ qua eaurs olkhltlbras lvlbakt plrtgut mgbkta ê eaurs

sb`klturas% bes ak lppaeærakt ê e'aoparaur-+ Ea taxta ha datta

raquíta &lppaeeltbg" ast parhu3 olbs kgus ak dgkklbssgks ê paupræs ea dgktaku+ Eas hbssbhakts leeâùlbakt has brrâùelrbtâs haprgdâhura% el plrtblebtâ at el vâklebtâ ha e'lrnbtra3 bes sa pelb/

`klbakt qu'gk eas aót takus akiaroâs dgooa hlks uka prbsgk%

qu'gk ka eas aót pls elbssâs plrear% qua el saktakda aót âtâ rak/hua ha kubt 4

%

Das prgtastltbgks at dat lppae k'aurakt h'lutra abçat qua haprgvgquar has oasuras akdgra peus rb`gurausas+ Zlr sgk rasdrbt

&raspgksuo" hu 4: mlkvbar 8<>% e'aoparaur Fgkgrbus olrqul slrâsgeutbgk h'ak ibkbr lvad ea sdfbsoa+ Be lnrgàl eas dgkdassbgkslktârbauras% at dgkibrol tgutas eas egbs râprassbvas+ Be spâdbibl

<" Takbaktbl Dg`kbtgrbs% ê el subta has 4" Luùstbk% Apbît+ <8<% < be <>3 eba/

el Dgeelebgëbbs+ trldt+% Be% @g 3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <6% 4rb3

>" Luùstbk% Lh Hgkuebstls pgse Dge/ Lh Hgkltbsels pgst Dgeeît+% <%< 3 <>%<9elb+% <>%<93 e'gsnbhbus/% Ybtl Luùsebkb% <1+ at subv+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8<0

qua tgus eas Hgkltbstas havlbakt lussbtøt raktrar hlks e'Âèbsa

dltfgebqua+ Tbkgk% bes sarlbakt irlppâs ha `rgssas loakhas% qubvlrblbakt lvad ea rlk`/3 ak dls h'gnstbkltbgk% gk dgkibsquarlbt

eaurs nbaks+ Eas dgegks at eas asdelvas liibebâs ê el sadta prgs/drbta sarlbakt rloakâs hlks ea ngk dfaobk plr has dfîtboaktsdgrpgraes+ Eas nlsbebquas at lutras booauneas has lkdbakkasdgoouklutâs sdfbsoltbquas havaklbakt el prgprbâtâ has dgo/ouklutâs dltfgebquas+ Eas âvíquas gu deards qub raiusarlbakt

ha dâhar sarlbakt hâpgrtâs fgrs h'Lirbqua <

+ Datta egb sb sâværa%

qub iut sâværaoakt lppebquâa plr eas `guvarkaurs% eas ol`bs/trlts has dbtâs at eas dgoobsslbras spâdblux% ast el dgksâquakdahbradta ha el saktakda rakhua plr Olrdae ebkus% ea 6 mubk% ê el

deøtura ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà+ D'ast lussb el harkbærapbæda qub sa rlppgrta lu hgssbar has @astl Dgeeltbgkbs+

Tur el punebdltbgk ha das @asel% kgus pgssâhgks has raksab/

`kaoakts lssaz prâdbs+ Hu mgur gò be iut dflr`â ha e'akquíta%

Olrdaeebkus aut pgur prbkdbpa ha takbr ea punebd lu dgurlkt hatgut+ Ea <2 mlkvbar 8<<% be grhgkkl h'liibdfar sgk praobar âhbt%

gò âtlbakt raprghubtas eas delusas assaktbaeeas hu rasdrbt bopâ/rble

>+ Yars el ibk ha olb% gk eut sur eas ours ha Dlrtflà sgk

sadgkh âhbt lvad eas râpgksas has haux plrtbs 4+ Ea @ mubk% lvlkt

el trgbsbæoa luhbakda% ea dgoobsslbra ibt oattra sgus eas yauxha tgus% lvad uk Lvbs lu punebd% eas dgoptas/rakhus stâkg`rl/pfbâs has haux praobæras sâlkdas 8

+ E'aksaonea has @astl iut

aksubta liibdfâ ê Dlrtflà% at prgnlneaoakt hlks naludguph'lutras vbeeas% lvad e'âhbt hu >9 mubk 4

+ Da iut e'âhbtbgk giibdbaeea

has @asel Dgeeltbgkbs Dlrtfê`bkaksbs% lppaeâs lussb plrigbs Olr/dae Qkb @astl 1

=

Datta âhbtbgk giibdbaeea% hgkt tgutas eas lutras iurakt klturae/

eaoakt has dgpbas% lvlbt dapakhlkt uk hâilut lssaz `rlva = akhafgrs ha el hbvbsbgk ak trgbs sâlkdas% aeea ka dgopgrtlbt kb

sadtbgks kb dflpbtras+ Be âtlbt træs hbiibdbea ha s'grbaktar hlks das

âkgroas hgssbars% qub aiirlylbakt ea eadtaur plr eas hboaksbgks%gu ea ranutlbakt plr el prgebxbtâ% gu e'â`lrlbakt hlks ea hâhlea

has dgktrgvarsas 0+ Gr% eas âvíquas dltfgebquas aktakhlbakt sa

sarvbr has @astl pgur eaur prgpl`lkha3 bes vguelbakt eas ilbra

<" Dgde+ Xfagh+% VYB% 1% 1>+ ‘ Di+ Lu/ 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% Be% prgŔo+ /ùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 2% 493 Zgssbhbus% Ybtl Di+ BB% 9</963 0< 3 043 BBB% 4/1+

Luùstbkb% <1+ 1" Taktakebl Dg`kbegrbs% ê el subta ha-

>" Dgeeît+ @lrtfl`+% B% 1+ @astl Dgeeltbgkbs+

4" eòbh+% B% <: at <0+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbu% 9" Dgktrl Iueàkíbuo% >>+

Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% 93 Tarog 416% 9 = 0" Luùstbk% âtrldâ++/% Be% 913 Hravbd+« Ahbdtuo vbrb beeustrbs punebâa prgpgsbtuo Dgeelb+% <% Zrlailt+" Apbst+ <8<% < at 03ea`bstbs ³+ <61% >% 9+

BY >0



8<6 EA HGKLXBTOA

dgkklëtra ê tgus eas bktârassâs% oíoa lux sbopeas ibhæeas+ Eas

lkkâas subvlktas% hlks nbak has hbgdæsas% dgooa daux ha Dlr/tflà% ha Dgkstlktbka% h'Fbppgka% ha Xfl`lsta% gk ebslbt eas

@astl h'uk ngut ê e'lutra ê e'âèbsa pakhlkt ea Dlríoa'+ Gk sa

prâgddupl hgkd ha rakhra da `rgs hgssbar peus lddassbnea lupunebd+ Gk ak ibt has lnrâ`âs% hgkt haux kgus sgkt plrvakus%ha el olbk h'Luùstbk = ea Nravbdueus Dgeeltbgkbs% at el prgdel/

oltbgk lux Hgkltbstas hu <8 mubk 8<> >+ Olbs da k'âtlbt pls

akdgra lssaz = d'ast lu taxta oíoa has @astl qu'gk vguelbt rak/vgyar eas bkdrâhueas+ Das rakvgbs k'âtlbakt pgssbneas qu'lvadhas pgbkts ha rapæra = gk hâdgupl hgkd ea hgssbar giibdbae aksadtbgks gu ak dflpbtras+ Kgus dgkklbssgks haux ha das âhb/

tbgks% bkhâpakhlktas e'uka ha e'lutra% at punebâas tgutas hauxvars el ibk ha 8<< = daeea h'Luùstbk% at daeea ha Olrdaeeus+

D'ast prbkdbpleaoakt pgur eas nasgbks hu hbgdæsa h'Fbppgka%qu'Luùstbk âelngrl sgk âhbtbgk has @astl Dgeeltbgkbs+ Nbakqu'aeea sgbt parhua% gk paut s'ak ilbra uka bhâa katta h'lpræs eas

râiârakdas hu Nravbdueus Dgeeltbgkbs+ Dat Lnrâ`â k'âtlbt pls has/

tbkâ saueaoakt lux eadtaurs qub ka ebrlbakt pls eas @as l3 be lvlbtâ`leaoakt pgur gnmat ha ildbebtar eas radfardfas hlks ea hgs/

sbar% `rîda ê el dgkdgrhlkda has kuoârgs+ E'lutaur ea hâdelrahlks sl Zrâilda = « Ak sa rapgrtlkt lux kuoârgs% qub sa dgrras/

pgkhakt at hlks dat Lnrâ`â at hlks eas @astl aux/oíoas% dfl/duk pgurrl trguvar slks hbiibduetâ da qu'be vguhrl ³ U At lbeeaurs%

plrelkt hu Nravbdueus = « Dflduk paut slvgbr slks pabka da qubs'ast plssâ = ak dgksuetlkt eas kuoârgs hgkt m'lb olrquâ dflqua

dfgsa% gk ebrl hlks eas@astl tgut

da qu'gk vguhrl% ê e'akhrgbtdgrraspgkhlkt ³ U H'lpræs eas râiârakdas ha e'Lnrâ`â% e'âhbtbgk

h'Luùstbk dgopraklbt uk kgonra lssaz rastrabkt ha dflpbtras =

qubkza pgur el praobæra sâlkda% trgbs pgur el sadgkha% lu ogbksdbkq pgur el trgbsbæoa+ Datta âhbtbgk h'Fbppgka% træs hbiiârakta

ha daeea qub kgus ast plrvakua% âtlbt naludgup peus katta at peus

rltbgkkaeea = dflduk has dflpbtras y olrqulbt uka pflsa ha el

dgktrgvarsa+Xgut lutra ast ea systæoa lhgptâ hlks e'âhbtbgk qua kgus

pgssâhgks% at qub kgus l âtâ dgksarvâa plr uk olkusdrbt ukbqua+Datta âhbtbgk ast e'Ŕuvra h'uk dartlbk Olrdaeeus% qub ast qulebibâ

<" @astl duo Aoarbtg% b+ vgeuarbt ³ &Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% B% Zrlailt+"+

>" Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% Zrlailt+'% Apbst+ B \ubsqua dgoogkbtus vae sdblb sbka

<8<% <+ ‘ Di+ âtrldt+% Be% 91+ elngra qubh ldtuo sbt% vae dgksuetbs kuoa/4" « Lh sb`kl kuodokbo% qula at bk rbs% qugs rânus sbkùebs lkkgtlvb% eâ`le bk

Nravbdueg de bk bpOs @astbs lkkgelk/ abshao @asebs lh egdubkqughruoqua vgeug/

eur% sbka hbiibduetlta qubsqub batqugh rbt ³ &Faerlde+% Be% 91"+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT <e &+"

ha oaogrblebs &? l oaogrbl"% at qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ sadrâtlbragu lvgdlt/dgksabe hu prâsbhakt ha el Dgkiârakda+ Olrdaeeus kgushbt qu'be l lssbstâ lux hânlts% qu'be l âtâ lssgdbâ lu trlvlbe haOlrdaeebkus% qu'be e'l lbhâ ê prâplrar sl saktakda% qu'be « lhgkkâsgk lvbs lu Dg`kbtgr ³ '+ Be ka ibùra pls hlks eas @astl plrobeas oaonras hu nuralu = ê ogbks qu'be k'y sgbt hâsb`kâ sgus uklutra ha sas kgos% dgooa dael sa vgbt ê datta âpgqua+ Ak tgutdls% d'âtlbt uk parsgkklà bopgrtlkt+ Be aktraprbt sgk trlvlbesur el prbæra ha haux âvíquas dltfgebquas% Tavarblkus at Muebl/

kus = slks hguta% haux âvíquas qub lvlbakt ibùrâ ê el Dgkiâ/rakda% Tavarblkus haDarloussl præs Obeav% at Mueblkus ha Xls/nletl ak Nyzldæka >

+

Da qu'gk lvlbt haolkhâ% saonea/t/be% ê Olrdaeeus% d'âtlbt hadgopgsar% sgus uka igroa quaedgkqua% uk lnrâ`â gu uk sgo/olbra has @astl% Be l hgkkâ ê dat lnrâ`â el igroa h'uka tlneatræs hâtlbeeâa% gò ea kuoârg ha dflqua tbtra dgrraspgkh ê ukkuoârg has @astl+ Kgus pgssâhgks sl prâilda% sl tlnea% at el

peus `rlkha plrtbaha sgk

âhbtbgk+Hlks sl Zrâilda% qub l eligroa h'uka hâhbdlda &Zrlailtbg lh Tavarblkuo at Mueblkuo"% be

rlppaeea lvad uk klçi grùabe sgk røea ê el Dgkiârakda% bkhbquadgooakt be l dgoprbs sgk trlvlbe% axprboa e'aspgbr h'lvgbr ilbt

Ŕuvra utbea% at ouetbpeba eas prgtastltbgks h'lobtbâ = ea tgut%

hlks uk styea varnaux at dgktgurkâ'+ El tlnea% bktbtueâa Dlpb/tuel @astgruo% l ha træs vlstas prgpgrtbgks = haux dakt vbk`t/qultra kuoârgs pgur el praobæra mgurkâa% sgbxlkta/trabza pgurel sadgkha% dbkq dakt qultra/vbk`t/sapt pgur el trgbsbæoa 8

+ Da

sgoolbra ast klturaeeaoakt igrt utbea% surtgut pgur el plrtbahas prgdæs/varnlux qub ast parhua+ E'âhbtbgk dgksarvâa has@astl% hgkt eas kuoârgs dgrraspgkhakt axldtaoakt ê daux hael tlnea% ast âvbhaooakt e'Ŕuvra ha Olrdaeeus U At e'gk hgbtlvguar qu'aeea eub ilbt pau h'fgkkaur = eas sadtbgks y sgkt oue/tbpebâas ê e'axdæs% slks oâtfgha lpplrakta% dgooa lu flslrh+E'âhbtbgk hgbt hltar has harkbars ogbs ha 8<<.= aeea ast dgopeæ/taoakt bkhâpakhlkta ha daeea h'Luùstbk% at hu oíoa taops+

Olefaurausaoakt% has haux âhbtbgks hgkkâas legrs% d'ast elogbks ngkka qua kgus lvgks+ Akdgra ast/aeea bkdgopeæta+ Be kaolkqua rbak lux prgdæs/varnlux has haux praobæras sâlkdas%

U" Olrdaeeus Oaogrblebs% Zrlailtbg lh 1" Daeta âhbtbgk has @astl DgeeltbgkbsTavarblkuo at eueblbubo+ plr Olrdaeeus Oaogrblebs kgus ast plr/

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <>6 at <44+ vakua hlks uk olkusdrbt ukbqua% hu4" Olrdaeeus Oaogrblebs% Zrlailt+ bx a sbædea% qub l egk`taops lpplrtaku ê el

8" Das Dlpbtuel @astgruo ibùrakt ak Dltfâhrlea ha Eygk% at qub ast lumgurh'fubtíta ha tgutas eas âhbtbgks ogharkas has ê Zlrbs SDgh+ Zlrbs+% k+ <189"+@astl Dgeeltbgkbs+



8>: Ea hgkêtbsoã

qua `îtakt pgurtlkt nbak has ilutas ha dgpbstas+ Zgur el trgb/

sbæoa mgurkâa% be rasta saueaoakt el praobæra ogbtbâ hu dgopta/rakhu = haux dakt qultra/vbk`t/uka sadtbgks% sur dbkq daktqultra/vbk`t/sapt+ Gk vgbt akdgra lumgurh'fub h'gò vbakt el

elduka+ El dlusa ak ast hlks el egkùaur oíoa has hânlts% hgktea dgopta/rakhu raopebsslbt peusbaurs vgeuoas+ D'ast da quaogktrakt ha oakus bkdbhakts h'luhbakda+ Yars ea obebau ha el

praobæra sâlkda% eas `raiibars hâdelrakt qua eaurs ra`bstras sgktpeabks% at haolkhakt qu'gk eas raopelda plr has dgeeæùas <

+

Oíoa bkdbhaktlu obebau ha el trgbsbæoa sâlkda% lvlkt el eldukaldtuaeea hu prgdæs/varnle+ Ea `raiibar Fbelrus hbt lu prâsbhakt =

« Dgooa eas plrtbas gkt dgooakdâ hæs ea pgbkt hu mgur ê pelb/

har% kgus lvgks hâmê raopeb haux ra`bstras &dghbdas"+ Tb XgkAxdaeeakda y dgksakt% qu'gk kgus raopelda plr h'lutras `rai/

ibars &axdaptgras" + \u'gk kgus hgkka lussb has survabeelkts &dus/

tghas"% at kgus pgurrgks sgrtbr pgur kgtra trlvlbe ha dgeeltbgk ³+

Lussbtøt Ybtlebs% e'uk has kgtlrbb ha e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua% lmguta=« Ogb lussb% m'lhrassa ê Xl Kgneassa el oíoa haolkha quaRaxdaptgr ³+ Olrdaeebkus hgkka has grhras ak dgksâquakda =

« Dgooa dael s'ast ilbt ê e'luhbakda lktârbaura% eas `raiibars%

qub hâdelrakt lvgbr raopeb eaurs ra`bstras &tlnbhla"% vgkt sgrtbr

lvad has dustghas% at gk eas raopeldarl plr h'lutras ³ >+ Lpræs

dat âpbsgha% gk ka trguva qu'uk patbt hbsdgurs h'Luùstbk%lmgutâ plr quaequa dgpbsta 4

% at Eahbt hu >9 mubk% pbæda âtrlk`æralu prgdæs/varnle+ Gk vgbt da qub s'ast plssâ+ Ea dgopta/rakhuhas sâlkdas gdduplbt peusbaurs ra`bstras &dghbdas"% obs lu kat

plr has `raiibars hbiiârakts% at datta hbvbsbgk ak vgeuoas lvlbtâtâ dgksarvâa hlks eas âhbtbgks has @as l = ea harkbar ra`bstra

gu eas haux harkbars sa sgkt parhus% h'gò el nrusqua bktarrup/

tbgk hu prgdæs/varnle+ Zgur dgonear hlks uka dartlbka oasurael elduka% be ilut radgurbr lux plrtbas dgrraspgkhlktas has Dlpb/tuel @astgrwkgu hu Nravbdueus h'Luùstbk-+

Eas @astl Dge ltbgkbs Dlrtfl`bkaksbs% hgkt eas hboaksbgksâpguvlktakt ê praobæra vua% k'ak sgkt pls ogbks uk hgduoakt

træs durbaux ê nbak has tbtras% at bkibkboakt prâdbaux pgur e'fbs/tgbra hu taops+ Kgus lvgks eê% kgtâ sur ea vbi lvad ukabkdrgylnea obkutba% ea spadtldea h'uka `rlkha akquíta giibdbaeea%

qub ast ak oíoa taops uk `rlkh hânlt raeb`baux+

Da qub irlppa tgut h'lngrh% d'ast e'âtakhua at e'axldtbtuha âvb/

B_ Dgeelb+ Dlrefl`+%_% B4e 8" Dlpbtuel @astgrwk% BBB% e³k> 160 3

>" Bnbh+% <<<%>02/>6:+ Lu ustbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% 2% <9 ae

4" Bnbh+% BBB+ >6<+ subv+= Apbst+ <8<% 8 de subv+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT 8><

hakta has prgdæs/varnlux+ Be k'y l paut/ítra pls hlks tgutae'lktbqubtâ uk saue hgduoakt gò sa ogktrakt obaux el haxtârbtâhas `raiibars at el pariadtbgk hæs egrs lttabkta plr eas sarvbdasha stâkg`rlpfba+ Xgut ast slbsb% ibxâ% pubs trlksdrbt ak delbr% plrdas ouats tâogbks has hânlts = kgk saueaoakt eas hbsdgurs%olbs eas ogbkhras ogts% eas bktarruptbgks% eas quaraeeas% eas

aktrâas at eas sgrtbas% eas lttbtuhas% eas oguvaoakts h'gpbkbgk%eas ourouras% eas rbras+ Be ilut raolrquar lussb tgutas eas prâ/dlutbgks prbsas pgur lssurar e'axldtbtuha has dgoptas/rakhus at

ea dgktrøea outuae+ Ea sarvbda stâkg`rlpfbqua dgoprakh hguza`raiibars% qub letarkakt plr `rgupas ha sbx = haux `raiibars

punebds &axdaptgras"% at qultra `raiibars addeâsblstbquas &kgtlrbb"%

haux pgur dflqua plrtb <

+ Dflduk has `rgupas% pgur el obsa lukat at eas axpâhbtbgks% ast survabeeâ ha præs = h'lngrh% plr eas

nuralux ha RGiibdbuo% aksubta plr qultra âvgquas/lrdfbvbstas&dustghas dflrtlruo"% haux Dltfgebquas at haux Hgkltbstas >

+

Lpræs dflqua sâlkda% dflduk has grltaurs vl sb`kar sur el

obkuta tgutas eas plrgeas qu'be l prgkgkdâas 4+ Dflqua vgeuoa

has prgdæs/varnlux ast sdaeeâ lux sdalux hu prâsbhakt at has

dustghas dflrtlruo-+ E'liibdflà sa ilbt sur e'grhra at sgus elsurvabeelkda hu dgoobsslbra U D'ast ê tgutas das prâdlutbgksqua kgus havgks das prgdæs/varnlux sb ibhæeas+

Lu hânut hu dgopta/rakhu ha dflqua sâlkda ast bkhbquâa akhâtlbe el dgopgsbtbgk hu nuralu% ha RGiibdbuo at has sarvbdasluxbeblbras + Da parsgkkae ast ea oíoa hlks eas trgbs luhbakdas%sb da k'ast qua% pgur ea trgbsbæoa mgur% be l âtâ uk pau luòaktâ+Ygbdb eas kgos at eas tbtras has parsgkkas ha tgut rlk` qubaktgurlbakt ea prâsbhakt &dg`kbtgr"% ea 6 mubk% ê e'guvartura hael sâlkda% hlks ea sadratlrbuo has Xfarola @lr`beblkla = <º Xrgbsprgtadtgras hgoastbdb% Tanlstblkus% Olxboblkus at Zatrus 3

>º Haux làktas bk ranu5% Ybkdaktbus at Xlurbeeus 3 4º Xrgbs huda/klrbb% Qrsus% Zatrgkbus at Ebngsus 3 8º Haux lpplrbtgras beeus/

trbuo ltqua aobkaktbuo pgtastltuo% Ngkbildbus at Avlsbus3

1º Haux lpplrbtgras beeustrbs dgobtbvla sdhbs% Ibeatus at Gdtlvbl/kus 3

9º Haux lhmutgras dgrkbduelrbb% âstbtutus at Axbtbgsus 3

0º Xrgbs lhmutgras dgooaktlrbgruo Giib+dbb prgdgksuebs% Zgssb/

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <%<3 <:3 <4>3 ><63 >>>/>>4 3 BB% >3 BBB% > 3 >02/>6:3 Lu/>>43 BB% <3 9<3 983 963 043 BBB% < 3 ><2/ ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <%8 3 Apbst+ <8<% >+

>6:+ ‘ Di+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8"% > = 4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <:3 BB% 983« Hltb sukt atblo l kgnbs &Dltfgebdbs" at ln Luùstbk% Apbst+ <8<% >+

bpsbs &Hgkltbstbs" kgtlrbb% qultugr fbkd% at 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+ % B% <: at >>4 3 <<%14+qultugr bkha% ut nbkb duo axdaptgrbnus mu/ 1" Bnbh+% B% <: at >>43 BB% prgŔo+3 Be%

hbdbs letarklrakt ³+ 98/96 3 0< 3 04 % BBB% <% 4/1+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% >3 <:3 <4>3 9" enbh+% B% <3 BB% < 3 BBB% <+



8>> EA HGKLXBTOA

hbus% \ughvuethausatDgegkbdus3 6º Qk lhmltgr kuoargruo % Kl/vb`bus 3

2º Qk lhmutgr sunlhmuvlruo Giibdbb Ybdlrbb% Zara`rbkus3<:º Qk sdrbnl Giibdbb ea`ltb Dlrtfl`bkbs% Klopbus3 <<º Qk sdrbnl

durltgrbs Dlrtfl`bkbs% ûibkblkus 3 <>º Haux axdaptgras Zrgdgk/sues% Fbelrus at Zrlataxtltus &Olrtblebs <

"3 <4º Qk axdaptgrYbdlrbb% Ilnbus3 <8º Qk axdaptgr ea`ltb Dlrtfl`bkbs% ^goueus

3

<1º Haux kgtlrbb Addeasbla dltfgebdla% Blkulrbus at Rbtlebs 3

<9º Haux kgtlrbb Addeasbla Hgkltbstlrbkk% Ybdtgr at Drasdgkbus >+

Ak tgut% vbk`t/kaui parsgkkas3 trakta% lvad ea prâsbhakt+ ^lp/paegks qua dflduk has haux plrtbs âtlbt raprâsaktâ plr hbx/fubt

hâeâùâs = sapt lhgras% sapt dgksbeblrbb% qultra dustghas dflrtl/

ruo-+ Lmgutgks e'lutra `rgupa has Kgtlrbb% qub letarklbakt lvaddaux hu hânut haeê sâlkda+ At kgus lurgks ea tlnealu dgopeathu parsgkkae ha el Dgkiârakda+

Gk subt â`leaoakt% hlks ea hgssbar% tguta el prgdâhura lhgp/tâa plr ea dgoobsslbra hlks sgk akquíta% hapubs sgk âhbt hu<2 mlkvbar musqu'ê sgk âhbt hu >9 mubk+ Kgus ka pguvgks aktrarbdb hlks ea hâtlbe% qub raeæva surtgut has murbsdgksuetas+ H'lbe/

eaurs% ê prgpgs has hbiiâraktas pbædas% kgus lvgks bkhbquâ

db/hassuseas trlbts

prbkdbplux hadatta

prgdâhura+Be ast bktârasslkt ha kgtar e'lttbtuha has haux plrtbas at hu

prâsbhakt+ Ea systæoa ha hâiaksa has Hgkltbstas% hgkt eas olk/hltlbras âtlbakt has lvgdlts ratgrs% sa rloæka ê uka parpâ/tuaeea gnstrudtbgk+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas dgooakdærakt eaurs dfb/

dlkas hæs ea >1 olb% hlks eaur râpgksa lu sadgkh âhbt-+ Bes trl/

fbrakt eaur pelk lu hânut ha el praobæra sâlkda% qulkh Zatbebl/

kus ha+Dgkstlktbka hbt ak eaur kgo = « Kgus râsarvgks tgus kgshrgbts at sur el parsgkka at sur el dlusa 9

³+ Lu dgurs has hâeblbs%

bes ka dassærakt ha sgueavar has hbiibduetâs ha tgut àkra = vârb/

ibdltbgk has sb`klturas% dgooukbdltbgk ha pbædas% prasdrbptbgk%lrùtbas% prgtastltbgks 9

+ Zakhlkt tguta el trgbsbæoa luhbakda%ê el subta h'uk ogt h'grhra% bes k'lppgsærakt eaurs sb`klturas

<" Hlks eas ak/títa has prgdæs/varnluxhas trgbs sâlkdas% <rs haux `raiibars prbk/

dbplux sgkt Fbelrus at Zrlataxtltus% axdap/tgras hu Zrgdgksue &Dgeeît+ Dlre bl`+% B%

<3 BB% < = BBB% <"+ H'lutra plrt% eas prgdæs/varnlux sgkt sb`kâs plr eas axdaptgrasFbelrus at Olrtblebs SBnbh+% B+ >>4 3 BB% 04"%

at d'ast Olrtblebs qub ebt el peuplrt has

pbædas+ Âvbhaooakt% e'gk hgbt bhaktbibar

Zrlataxtltus at Olrtblebs = ea parsgkklàs'lppaelbt Zrlataxtltus Olrtblebs gu Olr/tblebs Zrlataxtltus

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% B+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >3 <:3 11 3 <863><63 BB% >3 BBB% > 3 Luùstbk% Hravbd+ Dge/eît+% B% 8= Apbst+ <8<% >+

8" Dgeelb+ Dlre bl`+% B% <8= Luùstbk%

Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% <% 8+

1" « Tlevbs gokbnus quld ddopatukekgnbs at ha parsgkl at bk dlusl ³ &Dgeelb+

Dlrtfl`+% <% 2"+

9" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+%e% >:/143 12/2@3<88/<893 BB% 4/03 <> at subv+ 3 <<<%<1/>163

U ùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% B% 6/<43 BB+ </>3eee+ /e rb subv+3 @astl duo Aoarbeg% 83

Apbst+ <8<% 4+




qua « sgus râsarva h'lppae < ³+ Lvad datta tldtbqua has Hgkl/tbstas% tguta h'gnstrudtbgks at ha dfbdlkas% dgktrlsta sbkùebæra/oakt e'lttbtuha has Dltfgebquas% qub% aux% vgkt hrgbt eaur dfa/obk% ak s'aiigràlkt h'âdlrtar eas prâtaxtas% ha pgsar at ha trlbtareas quastbgks assaktbaeeas+ Aktra eas haux plrtbs% ea prâsbhaktogktra uka boplrtblebtâ træs oârbtgbra% uka pltbakda ê tgutaâprauva+ Be hbrbà eas hânlts lvad lutgrbtâ% slks ruhassa dgooaslks ilbneassa% lvad uk raspadt ha murbsdgksueta pgur el eâ`lebtâat pgur eas hrgbts ha tgus+ Tlks hguta% be s'aonrgubeea plrigbslu obebau has hgduoakts leeâùâs 3 be dgkigkh ea olkhltuo hudgkdbea ha 8<: lvad ea olkhltuo hu 4: olb 8<< >

3 be ast gneb`â

h'bkvbtar RGiibdbuo ê dgoplrar eas hltas has pbædas prghubtas%pgur s'grbaktar hlks datta dfrgkgeg`ba ha dfbdlkas U Dapakhlkt%be ka olkqua pls ha delbrvgylkda% be slbt rloakar eas hbsdus/sbgks hlks el ngkka vgba+ At plrtgut% be olkbiasta el vgegktâh'lngutbr% h'âdelbrar sl dgksdbakda pgur sa prgkgkdar ak tgutasâdurbtâ h'êoa+

Da k'ast pls el iluta hu prâsbhakt% sb el dgktrgvarsa saonealeear lu flslrh% tgumgurs hâvbâa plr eas gnstrudtbgks hgkltbstas+

Gk sa nlt tlktøt ê dgups h'lrùoakts gu ha hgssbars h'lrdfbvas%tlktøt ê dgups ha taxtas nbnebquas gu h'bkmuras+ Eapeus sguvakt%gk ast sb egbk ha el quastbgk ê râsguhra% qua eas lssbstlktsplrlbssakt gunebar pgurqugb bes sgkt eê+ D'ast saueaoakt hlks el

sadgkha ogbtbâ ha el trgbsbæoa mgurkâa% lutgur ha el eattra hasHgkltbstas% qua s'ak`là el vrlba hbsdussbgk-+

Has bkdbhakts ha tguta sgrta oattakt uk pau ha vlrbâtâ% guoíoa ha `lbatâ% hlks el ogkgtgkba has hânlts+ Da sgkt eas sdru/

pueas nguiigks has Hgkltbstas% qub raiusakt ha s'lssagbr.+ Da sgkteas sdækas louslktas gu vbgeaktas% luxquaeeas hgkka ebau el vârb/

ibdltbgk has sb`klturas = dgkirgktltbgk has âvíquas h'uka oíoaegdlebtâ% qub sa ra`lrhakt ha trlvars at s'bkmurbakt gu s'lddusaktoutuaeeaoakt 9

3 quaraeeas has âvíquas rbvlux ha Dgkstlktbka 0%

gu h'Fbppg Hblrrfytus 6% gu hu hbgdæsa ha Obeav M

% gu h'lbeeaurs3

lttbtuha pbtausa ha pluvras prâelts qub k'gkt pu sb`kar aux/oíoas% ka sldflkt pls âdrbra <:

3irâquaktas bktarvaktbgks at

nlvlrhlà h'Luraebus ha Oldgolhas% qub dgkklët at radgkklët

<" « Tlevl lppaeeltbgka radgùgvb ³ 1" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% <88/<81 3 BB% 4/&Dgeele+ Dlrt tl`+% BBB% 63 <43 >>3 atd+"+ 03 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <% <43 BB% <+

>" Bnbh+% BBB% <16/<12+ 9" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% B% 22/<843 <82/><:+

4" enbh+% <<<% <803 <1:3 <183 <903 <0<+ 0" Bnbh+% B% <46/<42+

8" enbh+% BBB% >9:/>6<3 Dlpbtuel @aseg/ 6" enbh+% B% <42 at <8>+

ruo% BBB% >6>/1063 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ 23 enbh+% f% <44/<48 3 >:<+Dgeelb+% BBB% 2% <1 at subv+ <:" enbh+% B% <44 = « ebetarls kasdbakta ³+



8>8 EA HGKLXBTOA

tgut ea ogkha ak Kuobhba'% gu h'Flnathaus at Rleaktbkblkus%

haux hbldras hgkltbstas ha Dlrtbelà% qub sa trguvakt eê gk kaslbt dgooakt% kb ê quae tbtra% pgur igurkbr has raksab`kaoaktssur eas dgoouklutâs ha eaur plrtb'+ Zlrigbs% ea tgk s'âeæva% at

el sbtultbgk havbakt hrloltbqua = plr axaopea% qulkh Aoarbtusat Zatbeblkus hbrbàkt has lttlquas parsgkkaeeas dgktra Luùs/tbk 4

% gu qulkh Luùstbk hbsduta el eattra has Hgkltbstas luobebau has bktarruptbgks at hu tuoueta U << y l musqu'ê has bkdb/

hakts dgobquas% gu oldlnras+ Eas sdfbsoltbquas prghubsaktuk plsslà h'Gptlt% pgur hâogktrar qua Dladbeblkus haDlrtflà l âtâ dgkhlokâ plr Dgkstlktbk = gr ea taxta prguvlbtea dgktrlbra% h'gò eas âdelts ha rbra hlks eas rlk`s hasDltfgebquas 4

+ Ak vârbiblkt eas sb`klturas has Hgkltbstas% gkraeæva daeea h'uk ogrt = lpræs akquíta% gk âtlnebt qua ea sb`kl/tlbra âtlbt hâdâhâ ak sa rakhlkt ê Dlrtflà% at qua plr subta be

lvlbt sb`kâ lpræs sl ogrt 9+

Dgkiârakda ê plrt% ea hgssbar ha 8<< dgksarva uka vleaurfbstgrbqua ha tgut praobar grhra+ Be kgus ilbt dgkklëtra præs hasbxdaktsâvídfâs lirbdlbks% el ogbtbâ pgur dflqua plrtb% lvad eas

kgos has tbtuelbras% at sguvakt h'lutras hgkkâas.+ Be kgusparoat h'âtuhbar el râplrtbtbgk has sbæàs âpbsdgplux hlks eas

hbiiâraktas prgvbkdas% at hlks dflduk has haux plrtbs+ Be kgusraksab`ka sur e'gr`lkbsltbgk has dgoouklutâs% sur eas âpbsghasha el parsâdutbgk aktra 8:1 at 8<:% sur eas dgkvarsbgks% eas

vbgeakdas% eas prgdæs% eas dgkibsdltbgks h'booauneas% eas axbes

gu eas oaurtras ha deards+ Be rakiaroa uka iguea ha hgduoaktssur eas grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa% sur el eutta has haux Âèbsas aktra42>at8<:%sureas quaraeeas aktra Zrboblkbstas at Olxboblkbstas+L nbak has â`lrhs% eas @astl Dgeeltbgkbs sgkt uk tlnealu prâdbsat vbvlkt ha e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+

Kgk saueaoakt ha sgk fbstgbra at ha sgk gr`lkbsltbgk% olbsakdgra ha sgk âtlt ogrle+ L da pgbkt ha vua% at râsarva ilbta

pgur quaequas âvgquas âobkakts% dgooa pgur el iguea hasnrlvas àks bkdgkkus% deards gu elçquas% gk hgbt radgkklëtraqua ea tlnealu k'ast pls ielttaur+ Gk dgkstlta prasqua plrtgute'guneb has vartus âvlk[âebquds% surtgut ha el dflrbtâ dfrâtbakka3

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <6> 3 <60 at subv+ Luùstbk% Nravbr+ Dgeeît+% BBB% >:% 463 Lh>" Bnbh+% B% <>@/<84+ ‘ Eas Dltfgebquas Hgkltbsels pgst Dgeeît+% 4<% 18= Apbse+

prgtastakt dgktra datta bktarvaktbgk ha <8<% 2+

hëldras hgkltbstas SBnbh+% <% <>0"+ 9" Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% B% >:0/>:63 L u/4" Bnbh+% BBB% >>< at subv+3 >46/>80= ùstbk% Bfavbd+ Dgeelb+% <% <8= Apbst+

Luùstbk% Nravbd+ Dgeelb+% <<<+0%2+ <<,% <+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% BBB% >9</>0>+ 0" Dgeeît+ Dlrefl`+% <+ <-2/<84 3 <82/><0+1" Dlpbtuel @astgruo% BBB% 14</1403



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT b>1

ea hâdflëkaoakt has plssbgks% eas vbgeakdas at eas lttaktlts3 el

ùarra raeb`bausa% h'lutlkt peus vbva at peus nrutlea qua plrtguteas haux Âèbsas sgkt ak prâsakda3 el hbsplrbtbgk ha tgutsdrupuea% dfaz el peuplrt has Hgkltbstas at dfaz naludgup haDltfgebquas3 e'lklrdfba has îoas% lu obebau ha e'lklrdfba

oltârbaeea3 uka sbkùebæra hâigroltbgk hu saks ogrle% dgooahu saktboakt raeb`baux+ Hlks dflqua plrtb% gk k'ast ùæra hbs/

dbpebkâ qua pgur el eutta+ El pbâtâ dgksbsta surtgut hlks ukhâvguaoakt ilkltbqua ê el sadta3 ea havgbr% hlks el râsgeutbgkha vbsar at ha irlppar e'akkaob% d'ast/ê/hbra eas ibhæeas ha e'lutra

Âèbsa+

El eadtura has @astl Dgeeltbgkbs giira oíoa uk dartlbk bktârítebttârlbra+ Tlks hguta% be ilut s'lroar ha pltbakda% ka plss'abirlyar ha el egkùaur at ha el dgkiusbgk lpplrakta huhgssbar+ \ulkh gk l hgobkâ datta praobæra boprassbgk% gkprakh pelbsbrê gnsarvar eas pârbpâtbas ha dat bopgslkt spadtldea%dgooa el tldtbqua has haux plrtbs% e'ldtbgk oâtfghbqua at

rlbsgkkâa has Dltfgebquas gu e'bk`âkbgsbtâ has gnstrudtbgkshgkltbstas+ Turtgut% e'gk vgbt sa hassbkar ha vbvlktas pfysbgkg/obas h'grltaurs+ Hlks ea dlop has sdfbsoltbquas% ea iguùauxZatbeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka% iartbea ak bkvaktbgks% îpra% títu%

ratgrs% prasqua tgumgurs âegquakt3 gu akdgra% Aoarbtus haDlaslral% títu eub lussb% olbs nae asprbt% sguvakt prgebxa at

varnaux% plrigbs nrbeelkt at spbrbtuae+ Hu dgtâ has Dltfgebquas%hlks uk `rgupa h'grltaurs hbstbkùâs qub sgkt tgus sas lobs%ea vrlb trbgopfltaur ha el Dgkiârakda% ea `rlkh olëtra ha el

plrgea ak das taops/eê% e'lrhakt% lvbsâ% suntbe at olebdbauxLuùstbk+

Dgkdbeas pgstârbaurs lu taops h'Luùstbk+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Olurbtlkba Dâslrbakka%ak 8<9+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa Eâgk B lux âvæquas ha Dâslrbakka+ ‘ Dlkgks raeltbis

lu Hgkltbsoa hlks eas raduabes ha Iarrlkhus at ha Drasdgkbus+ ‘ Dgkdbea haKuobhba% ak 12:+ ‘ âquíta lu plpa Zaelà BE ‘ Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ea

@rlkh lux âvæquas kuobhas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% ak12<+ ‘ Akquíta sur Lràktbus ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha +Kuobhba% ak <2>+ ‘Zrgdæs ha Olxboblkus ha Zuhaktblkl+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% ak 124+ ‘ Dgkdbeaha

Dlrtflà% ak 128+ ‘ Oasuras dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhbadgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% ak 428+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% ak 129+ ‘ Axdgooukbdl/tbgk ha Iâvíqua Zlueus% vbdtboa has bktrbùas hgkltbstas+

Eas Hgkltbstas% qua kgus lvgks vus sb nlvlrhs hlks eas dgk/trgvarsas ha 8<<% ea havbkrakt ha ogbks ak ogbks lpræs eaurhâilbta+ L ak muàr sur eas lpplrakdas% h'lpræs e'lnsakda hahgduoakts% bes lurlbakt oíoa âtâ h'uka hbsdrâtbgk surpra/



8>9 EA HGKLXBTOA

klkta% lu ogbks gk plrgeas% pakhlkt eas haux harkbars sbædeas ha

eaur fbstgbra+ L vrlb hbra% hurlkt e'gddupltbgk vlkhlea% pubs

sgus el hgobkltbgk nyzlktbka% sb plr bktarvleeas kgus aktak/

hgks akdgra plrear has Hgkltbstas% peus mlolbs kgus k'aktak/hgks eaur vgbx+ Gk rakdgktra legrs has dgkdbeas lirbdlbks qub

sa rlppgrtakt lu sdfbsoa3 olbs tgus das dgkdbeas sgkt has

lssaoneâas h'âvíquas dltfgebquas% mlolbs ha sdfbsoltbquas+

Gk ka hgbt pls sa fîtar h'ak dgkdeura qua e'bkstbtutbgk sykg/hlea lbt hæs egrs hbsplru ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta+ H'lngrh% eas

hgduoakts havbakkakt rlras pgur datta pârbgha% at sguvakt eas

ilbts aux/oíoas kgus sgkt bkdgkkus gu ole dgkkus+ Ak da qub

dgkdarka ea Hgkltbsoa% eas âdrbvlbks dltfgebquas hu taops at

ha el râ`bgk kgus raksab`kakt h'lutlkt ogbks% qua eaur paksâa

âtlbt lbeeaurs% lnsgrnâa plr el eutta dgktra e'lrblkbsoa vlkhlea

gu eas fârâsbas nyzlktbkas+ Zubs% gk hgbt takbr dgopta has dgk/

hbtbgks kguvaeeas h'axbstakda qub s'bopgslbakt lux `rgupa/

oakts ha sdfbsoltbquas+ Be k'ast peus quastbgk legrs h'uka

`rlkha Aèbsa hgkltbsta% âtakhlkt sas rlobibdltbgks sur tgut ea

kgrh ha e'Lirbqua% at igrtaoakt daktrlebsâa3 hapubs ea dgupraàu ak 8<<% e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua ka sa survbt ê aeea/oíoa

qua hlks has dgoouklutâs âplrsas% prasqua dgopeætaoaktbsgeâas eas ukas has lutras% slui ak dartlbks hbstrbdts ha Kuob/hba gu ha Olurâtlkba+

Atlkt hgkkâ das dgkhbtbgks kguvaeeas% eas Hgkltbstas hurakt

rakgkdar slks hguta lux râukbgks peâkbæras hu `rlkh dgkdbea

`âkârle gò sa rakdgktrlbakt mlhbs tgus eas âvæquas ha el sadta+

Olbs bes gkt pu takbr akdgra nbak has sykghas râ`bgklux = plr

axaopea% ak Kuobhbd% ê el ibk hu vr sbædea% qulkh ea ratgur

gib'aksbi ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua dlusl tlkt ha trguneas hlks elrâ`bgk at bkqubâtl musqu'lu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh'+ Tauea/

oakt% bkstrubts plr eas hguegurausas axpârbakdas hu plssâ%

eas harkbars ibhæeas ha Hgklt plrlbssakt lvgbr taku sadrætas eas

râukbgks gò sa dgkdartlbakt eaurs âvíquas+ Hapubs eaur

hâilbta% bes lvlbakt lhgptâ el ræèa ha dgkhubta qub s'bopgsa ê

tgus eas vlbkdus = l`br ak sbeakda+ \u'gk sa rlppaeea el sbkù/

ebæra lttbtuha h'Aoarbtus ê Dlaslral ak 8<6 = rakdgktrlkt lu

ngut ha sapt lkkâas sgk `rlkh lhvarslbra ha el Dgkiârakda%

qub ea flrdaelbt ha prgpgsbtbgks at h'axfgrtltbgks% Aoarbtus%

e'grltaur bktlrbsslnea ha 8<<% mgul ak pariadtbgk% havlkt e'âeg/

quakda h'Luùstbk% uk røea ha ouat³+ Ea outbsoa h'Aoa/

b @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% <%0>3013 >" Luùstbk% @asel oo Aoabbtg% e/b3

6>3 BB+ +ib3 BY% 0 3 4>3 41 3 Y% 43 YB% 48 3 6/<>3 e çluhaktbuo% B% <8% <13 â/

1239<= YBB% >3 Yeee% <4 db e, irld-+% <<%<03 Zgssbhbus% YbelLuùstbkb%P+



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT Oe

rbtus ê Dlaslral ast dgooa ea syongea hu outbsoa qub havbkt

el ræèa hu Hgkltbsoa vlbkdu+ D'ast ak sa tlbslkt qka e'Aèbsa

sdfbsoltbqua l pu hurar haux sbædeas akdgra% ak ilda has Ylk/

hleas lrbaks gu has Nyzlktbks dltfgebquas+ Gk s'axpebqua lbksb

qua kgus ka sldfbgks rbak sur eas sykghas sdfbsoltbquas ha

datta pârbgha% tlkhbs qu'uka sârba ha dgkdbeas dltfgebquas% hâeb/

nârlkt at eâ`biârlkt dgktra ea sdfbsoa% lttastakt el râsbstlkda

taklda at eas aktraprbsas akdgra oaklàlktas has Hgkltbstas+

H'uka eattra hu plpa Eâgk ea @rlkh% gk hgbt prgnlneaoaktdgkdeura qua% vars ea obebau ha e'lkkâa 889% uk sykgha prgvbk/

dble ha Olurâtlkba Dâslrbakka s'bkqubâtl ha el parsbstlkda hu

sdfbsoa hlks dartlbks hbgdæsas<

+ Be y lvlbt akdgra% hlks dattaprgvbkda% nbak has `rgupas ha Hgkltbstas3 gk dgktbkulbt h'ak/

savaebr has âvíquas at lutras deards hbssbhakts lutgur ha el nlsb/

ebqua h'Lel Obeblrbl >

3quaequas lkkâas peus tlrh% has nlkhas ha

sdfbsoltbquas leelbakt qubttar eas rbvlàs oluras pgur sa râiu/

`bar ak @luea1

+ Ak 889% el Olurâtlkba% lnlkhgkkâa plr eas

Ylkhleas% âtlbt ha kguvalu rlttldfâa ê e'Aopbra <+ Eas âvíquas

ha el prgvbkda dfardflbakt ê râgr`lkbsar eaurs Aèbsas+ Hlks uk

rlppgrt lhrassâ lu plpa%bes sb`kleærakt ea dls h'uk ha eaurs dge/

eæùas% uk dartlbk Olxbobkus% Hgkltbsta dgkvartb% qub nrusqua/oakt% âtlkt akdgra elçqua% vaklbt h'ítra âeu âvíqua dltfgebqua+

Ea plpa% klturaeeaoakt% s'âtgkkl hu dfgbx% at sgupàgkkl ukabktarvaktbgk ha sdfbsoltbquas peus gu ogbks hâùbsâs+ Dapak/hlkt% tgut ak neîolkt e'âeadtbgk% be k'gsl pls e'lkkuear3 be axbàlsaueaoakt qua e'âvíqua suspadt eub lhrassît uka prgiassbgk haigb kattaoakt dltfgebqua+ Ea <: lgót 889% be âdrbvbt lux âvíquasha Dâslrbakka = « \ulkt ê Olxbobkus% d'ast ê tgrt qua% ole`râsl qulebtâ ha elçqua% be l âtâ grhgkkâ âvíqua+ Dapakhlkt% s'be

k'ast peus hgkltbsta% s'be ast hâsgrolbs âtrlkàr ê tgut asprbt ha

parvarsbgk sdfbsoltbqua% kgus ka kgus gppgsgks pls ê da qu'be

dgksarva sl hb`kbtâ âpbsdgplea% ole`râ el ilàgk hgkt be e'l

gntakua+ Kgus y oattgks pgurtlkt uka dgkhbtbgk = d'ast qu'be

kgus lhrassa eub/oíoa uka hâdelrltbgk gò be+ liibroa delbraoaktsl igb dltfgebqua ³U Tb e'âvíqua suspadt sa obt ak ræèa% ea hgs/

sbar ha datta liilbra dgktaklbt lu ogbks trgbs pbædas =%ea rlppgrt hu

dgkdbea lu plpa3 el râpgksa hu plpa3 el prgiassbgk ha igb haOlxboblkus {ebnaeebts"+

Lpræs dat bkdbhakt% at pakhlkt peus h'uk sbædea% e'fbstgbra has

<" Eâgk ea @rlkh% Apbst+ <>% 9+ 8" Zrgspar Xbrg% Apbegol Dfrgkbdgk%

>" D+ B+ E++ Y<<B% ><1<</><1<83 @sdee% d <480% lh lkk+ 88>3 Dlssbghgra% Dfrgk+%Igubeeas ha Nakblk% p+ >>/>0 at 8>+ D+ <>8:% lh lkk+ 88>= Ybdtgr ha Ybtl% B% <4+

4" Eâgk ea @rlkh% Apbst+ <90% <6+ 1" Ebgk ea @rlkh% Apbst+ <>% 9+



8>5T EA HGKLXBTOA

dgkdbeas ast prasqua dgopeætaoakt ouatta sur eas hastbkâas huHgkltbsoa+ Kgtgks saueaoakt% vars el ibk hu v it sbædea% el dgk/hlokltbgk râtrgspadtbva has guvrlàs ha Hgklt at ha Xydgkbus

hlks el hâdrâtlea Ha+ radbpbakhbs at kgk radbpbakhbs ebnrbs% qubplrlët âolkar h'uk sykgha rgolbk <

+ Qk pau peus tlrh% lpræs el

dgkquíta nyzlktbka% haux deards lirbdlbks hlks has raduabes dlkg/kbquas% Iarrlkhus hlks sl Nravbltbg dlkgkuo% Drasdgkbus hlkssl Dgkdgrhbl dlkgkuo% bksærakt tguta uka sârba ha dlkgks hbrb/

`âs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% at aopruktâs ê h'lkdbaks dgkdbeas >+

El peuplrt ha das ræèaoakts vbsakt eas dgkvarsbgks ha sdfbsol/tbquas% at eas oasuras ê prakhra akvars eas dgkvartbs = da qub par/

oat ha suppgsar qua eas lutaurs lirbdlbks ha das raduabes sgk/àlbakt lux Hgkltbstas ha eaur taops+ E'Aèbsa hbssbhakta vbvlbt

tgumgurs% dgooa e'bkhbquakt pgur dflqua `âkârltbgk hbvarstâogb`klàs% olefaurausaoakt trgp nrais gu pau axpebdbtas 4

3

at slks hguta kgus varrbgks ea Hgkltbsoa obs ak dlusa hlksnbak has dgkdbeas% sb kgus âtbgks obaux raksab`kâs sur e'fbs/

tgbra bktârbaura ha e'Aèbsa lirbdlbka ak das taops/eê+Nrusquaoakt% hlks eas harkbæras lkkâas hu vb a sbædea% el dgr/

raspgkhlkda hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh prgmatta uka vbvaeuobæra sur el sbtultbgk vrlba hu Hgkltbsoa ak Kuobhba+ Hakguvalu% kgus vgygks eas âvíquas lirbdlbks lux prbsas lvad ea

sdfbsoa+ Ak sapt lks% ha 12: ê 129% bes ka tbkrakt pls ogbks hasapt dgkdbeas gò ea Hgkltbsoa iut ê e'grhra hu mgur+

Ak 12:% e'lssaoneâa has âvgquas kuobhas lvlbt lhrassâ luplpa Zaelà BB uk rlppgrt &raeltbg"% gò aeea prgtastlbt dgktrahas prgmats ha râigroa at râdelolbt ea olbktbak has vbabeeas dgu/

tuoas ha el prgvbkda+ Da rlppgrt% hgkt kgus k'lvgks pls ea

taxta% havlbt dgktakbr has pelbktas dgktra eas hbssbhakts ha eldgktrâa3 dlr be dlusl quaequa bkqubâtuha ê ^goa% at e'ut ea pgbktha hâplrt h'uka dlopl`ka dgktra ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% e'âelà

âtlkt ogrt hlks e'bktarvleea% d'ast sgk suddassaur qub sa dflràlha râpgkhra= Ak lgót 12<% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh lvbsl eas Kuobhasqu'be dgksaktlbt ê+ eaur elbssar eaurs prbvbeæàs trlhbtbgkkaes%

kgtlooakt pgur el hâsb`kltbgk ha eaur prbolt% olbs sgus el

B Zsauhg/@âelsd% Ha radbpbakhbs ae kgk E29 Ogoosak"3 Zatrus Dfrysgegàus% Tarognrbs% T+ <43 Xfâghgrat% tblarat+ eln+% BY% 93 Ybdtgb

>" Iarrlkhus% =• dlkgkuo% dlk+ ha Ybtl% BBB% <: at <<3 @akklhbus% HaçmG = <08 at subv+ = <6: at subv+ 3 Drasdgkbus% sdrbptgr+ addeas+%'e'b3 Lvbtus% Apbst+ >93Dgkdgrhbl dltbgk = >013 >06 Iueàkda ha ûspla% Dgktrl Tarogkaoae subv+3 >68+ bstbhbgsb% <: = Lh Iaebdao kgelrbuoha

4" Ebnar ha prgobssbgkbnus ae prlahbd/ Xrbkbelea% < = Mustbkbak% Kgvaee+ 40% 1 at

tbgkbno Hab% BB% 9% <:3 BY% <4% >> 3 Ebnar s= Dlssbghgra% ; Zsleo+ 9: F 9ib

r akalegrmtts% d+ 8>6% 822% 9>6 &p+ <6<% <66%



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT <>:

râsarva qua da prbolt ka sarlbt mlolbs uk Hgkltbsta dgkvartb =

« Dgkigroâoakt lux dgkdeusbgks ha vgtra ^lppgrt Sraeltbg"%

hbslbt ea plpa% rbak ka sarl dflk`â ê vgs uslàs% hlks el oasuragò bes ka pgrtakt pls lttabkta ê el igb dltfgebqua+ Kgus vguslutgrbsgks ê dgksarvar vgs dgutuoas% sgbt pgur ea dfgbx ha vgsprbolts% sgbt% sur tgus eas lutras lrtbdeas3 olbs kgus ilbsgks

axdaptbgk pgur eas lkdbaks Hgkltbstas plrvakus ê e'âpbsdgplt%

qua kgus vgus bktarhbsgks igroaeeaoakt h'âeavar ê el hb`kbtâ

ha prbolt% oøoa qulkh Xgrhra h'lkdbakkatâ &grhg" eas hâsb`ka/

rlbt pgur das igkdtbgks+ \u'be eaur suiibsa% ê daux/eê% ha `guvar/kar eas ibhæeas ha eaur hbgdæsa 3 olbs bes ka slurlbakt plssar lvlkteas âvgquas qua el igb dltfgebqua l akilktâs at bkstrubts hlks ea

sabk ha e'Âèbsa% pgur lrrbvar lu pgbkt dueobklkt ha el fbârlr/

dfba at havakbr prbolts ³-+ At ea plpa bkvbtlbt eas âvgquas ê

s'ukbr pgur dgonlttra eas akkaobs ha e'Âèbsa+

Ak oíoa taops% dgooa s'be hgutlbt uk pau hu zæea has

Kuobhas% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh drut havgbr oattra ak oguvaoaktea pguvgbr sâduebar+ Be âdrbvbt hbradtaoakt ê e'axlrqua @akkl/hbus% dgoolkhlkt ak dfai ha e'lroâa h'Lirbqua% pgur eub axpg/sar el sbtultbgk at eub haolkhar sgk lppub dgktra eas sdfbsol/tbquas = « Gk slbt plr axpârbakda% hbslbt/be% qua eas àks ha el

raeb`bgk fârâtbqua% sb gk eaur elbssa &da qu'ê Hbau ka pelbsa,"

tguta ebdakda ha kubra% s'bksuràkt lvad vbgeakda dgktra el igb

dltfgebqua% at dfardfakt ê râplkhra plrtgut ea vakbk ha eaur

fârâsba% pgur dgrrgopra% s'bes ea pauvakt% eas oaonras hu dgrpsdfrâtbak+ Kgus lvgks lpprbs qu'bes oaklàlbakt e'Aèbsa dltfg/

ebqua% das lhvarslbras hu Tab`kaur% qu'bes raeavlbakt el títa at

vguelbakt lnlbssar el igb hu kgo dfrâtbak+ \ua Ygtra Aobkakdarâprboa eaurs aiigrts% at rloæka eaurs títas grùabeeausas sgusea mgu` hu havgbr ³+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh prblbt oíoa e'axlrquah'l`br lupræs hu dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% at h'lvbsar lux ogyaksh'luòaktar e'lutgrbtâ hu prbolt pgur rakhra peus aiibdlda sgkldtbgk dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa = « Ilbtas plrvakbr lussb vgs raogk/trlkdas lu dgkdbea has âvíquas dltfgebquas% pgur qu'be rakgkda

ê hâsb`kar sgk prbolt h'lpræs e'grhra h'lkdbakkatâ% slks takbrdgopta hu oârbta = lupræs ha Hbau% da qub trguva `rîda% da k'ast

pls e'lvlktlà has rlk`s% olbs el supârbgrbtâ hu oârbta delks

uka vba obaux raopeba+++ \ulkt lu prbolt eub/oíoa% qu'be

râsbha hâsgrolbs% kgk peus lu flslrh% hlks has ngur`lhas quae/dgkquas% dgooa d'ast el dgutuoa eê/nls% olbs hlks uka oíoadbtâ dfgbsba plr ea dgkdbea = plr datta râigroa has dgkhbtbgks ha

<" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% 04+



84: EA HGKLXBTOA

sl dflrà% be sarl obaux ak sbtultbgk ha râsbstar lux Hgkl/

tbstas<

³+ E'bksbstlkda hu plpa ast dlrldtârbstbqua = âvbhaooakt%e'gk dgksbhârlbt ê ^goa qua ea sdfbsoa lirbdlbk rahavaklbtoaklàlkt+

\uaequas ogbs peus tlrh% vars el ibk ha 12<% uk kguvalu dgk/dbea ha Vuobhba aut ê muàr uk prgdæs gò has sdfbsoltbquasâtlbakt dgoprgobs% slks ítra hbradtaoakt ak dlusa% at gò iuraktrâvâeâas eaurs bktrbùas+ Be s'l`bt hu prgdæs ha dat Lràktbus%âvíqua ha Elob``b`l% qu'gk ldduslbt h'lvgbr vakhu has dflràsha prítra ê has Hgkltbstas% at qua haux ha sas hbldras lvlbakthâkgkdâ lu plpa+ Yars ea taops gò be râèlbt el quastbgk huprbolt% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh lvlbt âdrbt ê e'uk ha sas raprâsak/tlkts ak Lirbqua% uk dartlbk Fbelrus% lhobkbstrltaur hu hgolbkapgktbibdle ak das râ`bgks3 be e'lvlbt dflr`â h'guvrbr uka akquíta%ha ilbra muàr plr uk dgkdbea e'âvíqua prâvlrbdltaur% at ha vabe/

ear aksubta ê e'axâdutbgk ha el saktakda+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh hgk/klbt ê Fbelrus has bkstrudtbgks prâdbsas = « Ka kâèbà pls hailbra trlhubra ea sushbt âvíqua havlkt ea trbnukle hgkt be raeæva%

bksbsta pgur qua hlks ea plys% subvlkt el dgutuoa% sa râukbssauk dgkdbea+ \ua eas âvíquas axlobkakt% pgbkt plr pgbkt% tgutaseas leeâ`ltbgks dgktakuas hlks ea taxta ha el pelbkta ak quas/tbgk+ \u'bes oækakt eaur akquíta h'lpræs eas ræèas dlkgkbquas%ak prâsakda has plrtbas% lvad uk obkutbaux sdrupuea+ \uaeea quasgbt el hâdbsbgk has muàs% tu vabeearls ê da qua ea muàoakt sgbt

axâdutâ sur tgus eas pgbkts 7³+ Gk ka slbt rbak ha peus sur da dgk/

dbea ha 3.;2B+ Ea hgssbar havlbt dgoprakhra tguta uka sârba ha

pbædas = el râpgksa hu plpa lu sumat has prbvbeæàs ha el prg/vbkda3 el raquíta Spatbtbg" has hbldras ha Elob``b`l3 eas bks/

trudtbgks &prladaptuo" hu plpa ê Fbelrus3 prgnlneaoakt% ukaeattra h'Fbelrus lu prbolt ha Vuobhba 3 akibk% eas pbædas hae'akquíta prgpraoakt hbta &dg`kbtbg"% at el saktakda+

Qka liilbra lklegùa iut pgrtâa e'lkkâa subvlkta% hlks eas

harkbars ogbs ha 12>% havlkt uka lutra lssaoneâa has âvíquaskuobhas = Olxboblkus% âvíqua ha B'uhaktblkl% âtlbt lddusâ plrhaux hbldras h'lvgbr vakhu lux Hgkltbstas ha sgk hbgdæsa e'lutg/

rbsltbgk h'âebra uk âvíqua ê aux+ Ea plpa% slbsb ha el pelbkta%

âdrbvbt ea >4 mubeeat 12> ê Dgeuonus% uk âvíqua ha Vuobhba akqub be lvlbt tguta dgkiblkda = be e'bkvbtlbt ê ilbra uka akquíta% hadgkdart lvad Fbelrus% pubs ê haolkhar lu Strboît el dgkvgdl/tbgk h'uk dgkdbea qub bkstrubrlbt ea prgdæs+ Gk havlbt hâpgsarOlxboblkus% s'be âtlbt radgkku dguplnea3 sbkgk% pukbr eas

b" Apbst+% <% Xe+ >" Apbst+b B% [M



LDXAT HAT DGKDBEAT <48

dlegokbltaurs = « Lpræs e'lrrbvâa h'Fbelrus% kgtra dflrtuelrbus%

hbslbt ea plpa% haolkhaz el râukbgk hu dgkdbea ukbvarsae+ \uaeas âvíquas% lylkt tgumgurs havlkt eas yaux eas spadtldeas tar/

rbiblkts hu muàoakt ê vakbr% ilssakt uka obkutbausa at sdrupu/eausa akquíta+ Tb eas pgrtaurs ha el prâsakta igurkbssakt hasprauvas hâdbsbvas ê e'lppub ha eaur lddusltbgk dgktra ea sushbt

âvíqua% ea dguplnea havrl ítra hâpgubeeâ ha sl hb`kbtâ at ha sasigkdtbgks plr uka hâ`rlhltbgk dgopeæta% qub ea prâplrarl luxnbakilbts ha el pâkbtakda ak eub ilbslkt radgkklëtra sl iluta% at

qub sarl pgur tgus eas lutras uk lvartbssaoakt dgktra el taktl/tbgk ha dgooattra uk saonelnea drboa+ Dfîtboakt eâ`btboa =

daeub qub pgur ha e'lràkt% hbt/gk% ê uk fârâtbqua% l vakhuKgtra Tab`kaur Mâsus/Dfrbst% hgbt lssurâoakt ítra âdlrtâ hasoystæras sldrg/slbkes ha sgk dgrps at ha sgk slk` ³+ Lux bks/

trudtbgks sa oæekbakt has eloaktltbgks sur e'luhldbausa prg/pl`lkha has sdfbsoltbquas% qub ranlptbslbakt guvartaoakt%dgooa lu taops ha eaur tguta/pubsslkda = «5 Kgus lvgks lpprbsqua e'fârâsba has Hgkltbstas s'âtakh dflqua mgur% at qu'uka iguea

ha àks% prgibtlkt h'uka ebdakda hua ê el vâklebtâ% lpræs lvgbr raàuea nlptíoa dltfgebqua% sa igkt ranlptbsar plr eas Hgkltbstas <

³+

Gk ka slbt dgooakt tgurkl e'liilbra3 olbs be k'ast pls hgutauxqua Olxboblkus lbt âtâ mu`â plr sas plbrs+ Lu hgssbar hu dgk/dbea ibùrlbakt el raquíta &patbtbg" has hbldras ha Zuhaktblkl%eas bkstrudtbgks hu plpa ê Dgeuonus% at% slks hguta% has bkstrud/

tbgks saonelneas ê Fbelrus% has eattras h'Fbelrus at ha Dgeuo/nus lu prbolt Lhaghltus3 pubs% eas pbædas ha e'akquíta {dg`kb/

tbg"+ Be k'ast pls bopgssbnea qua el oíoa lssaoneâa% dgkigroâ/oakt lu hâsbr hu plpa% lbt vgtâ quaequa dlkgk vbslkt ea sdfbsoa+

Eas âvíquas kuobhas sa râukbrakt akdgra vars ea obebau hae'lkkâa 124+ Eas hâdbsbgks ha da sykgha% hgkt kgus ka dgkklbs/sgks pls el takaur% iurakt sâværaoakt neîoâas plr @râ`gbra ea

@rlkh+ Aeeas havlbakt sa rlppgrtar lu Hgkltbsoa% at bopebquarhas dgkdassbgks lux hbssbhakts% ha peus ak peus âdgutâs at

rahgutâs hlks el râ`bgk+ Da qub ea ilbt suppgsar% d'ast qua ea

plpa aklppael lu pguvgbr sâduebar%

oíoaê e'lutgrbtâ

obebtlbra% ak râdelolkt uka bktarvaktbgk âkar`bqua= hâolrdfaqub ka sa dgoprakhrlbt ùæra% sb ea sdfbsoa k'lvlbt pls âtâ akdlusa+ @râ`gbra ea @rlkh âdrbvbt hgkd ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus%lu ogbs ha saptaonra 124% ak ea prblkt h'lppuyar plr tgus eas

ogyaks% oíoa plr el igrda% e'âvíqua Dgeuonus% dflr`â h'ukaakquíta = « Kgus havgks bkigroar Ygtra Axdaeeakda ha da qua

<" Apbst+% Be% 89+



84> EA HGKLXBTOA

dartlbkas parsgkkas% vaklkt has prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas% gkt

pgrtâ ê kgtra dgkklbsslkda = ê slvgbr% qua peusbaurs hâdbsbgksprbsas hlks ea dgkdbea ha Kuobhba sgkt dgktrlbras ê el trlhbtbgkat lux stltuts dlkgkbquas+ Eê/hassus% kgus lvgks raàu hakgonrausas pelbktas% qua kgus k'lvgks pu kâèbàr peus egk`/taops+ Kgus lvgks hgkd dflr`â h'uka akquíta kgtra iræra at

dg/âvíqua Dgeuonus% hgkt el râputltbgk ast sb nbak âtlneba quakgus ka pguvgks hgutar ha sl sbkdârbtâ+ D'ast pgurqugb% ak vgussleulkt lvad uka liiadtbgk pltarkaeea% m'axfgrta Ygtra Axdaeeakdaê eub prítar olbk/igrta ak tgut da qub tgudfa ê el hâiaksa hae'Aèbsa+ Ea ole qub sa ilbt ldtuaeeaoakt% s'be k'âtlbt hâvgbeâ plruka akquíta at pukb% `rlkhbrlbt lvad ea taops% at sa râplkhrlbtê e'lvakbr lvad peus ha ebdakda% ak hgkklkt ebau ê peus h'lnus ³'+

Ea tgk ha datta eattra bkhbqua lssaz qua el sbtultbgk âtlbt

havakua `rlva+ Ha datta hâdelrltbgk hu plpa sb e'gk rlpprgdfaeas ilbts dgkkus at eas raksab`kaoakts sur eas prgdæs ha datta

pârbgha% gk ast loakâ ê drgbra qua ea dgkdbea ha 124% bktbobhâgu `l`kâ plr eas sdfbsoltbquas% at sgus el prassbgk h'uka plrtba

ha e'gpbkbgk punebqua% lvlbt lddaptâ uk oghus vbvakhb% lutgrb/slkt eas Hgkltbstas ha dartlbks hbstrbdts% hlks dartlbkasdgkhbtbgks% ê âebra has prítras gu has âvíquas+ << ast pgssbnea%

h'lbeeaurs% qua das hâdbsbgks lbakt âtâ ak rlppgrt lvad ea

prgdæs ha Olxboblkus+ Ak tgut dls% be ast raolrqulnea qua%hlks uka lssaoneâa ha prâelts dltfgebquas% be sa sgbt trguvâ ukaolmgrbtâ h'âvíquas hâdbhâs gu râsb`kâs ê oâklàr ea sdfbsoa =

rbak ka ogktra obaux el igrda hu Hgkltbsoa ak Kuobhba% at ka

mustbiba obaux e'âogb hu plpa+Haux dgkdbeas lirbdlbks sbâ`ærakt ak 128% hlks haux prgvbkdas

hbiiâraktas = e'uk ê Dlrtflà% e'lutra ak Kuobhba'+ Xgus hauxiurakt dgkvgquâs sur e'bkvbtltbgk ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh+ Eaprg`rlooa has haux lssaoneâas âtlbt bhaktbqua = ha plrt at

h'lutra% be s'l`bsslbt h'gr`lkbsar el eutta dgktra eas hbssbhakts+

Eas dbrdgkstlkdas saonelbakt peus ilvgrlneas qua eas lkkâasprâdâhaktas+ Yars ea obebau ha 128% e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæralvlbt prgoueùâ ha kguvaeeas egbs dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% egbs qub

dgkibrolbakt gu raoattlbake ak vbùaur eas vbaux âhbtsh'Fgkg/b/bbbs athaMustbkbdk >

+ Ea plpa lvlbb slbsb e'gddlsbgk+ Lu ogbs hamubeeat% be âdrbvbt sbouetlkâoakt lux haux prbkdbplux raprâ/

saktlkts ha e'aoparaur hlks el dgktrâa% ê Zlktleâgk% prâiat huprâtgbra h'Lirbqua% at ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus = be axfgrtlbt das

<" ApbsE% BY% 0+ 4" Apbst+% Y% 63 YB% 9<+ / Di+ BY% 4>+

pbst+% BY% 41 3 Y% 4+




fluts igkdtbgkklbras ê ilbra lppebquar booâhbltaoakt eas egbs

ha râprassbgk at ê dgonlttra âkar`bquaoakt eas sdfbsoltbquas%qub saonelbakt olbktaklkt hgobkar ea plys% ranlptbslkt hasibhæeas at dflsslkt has âvgquas <

+ Ak oíoa taops% ea plpafîtlbt el râukbgk has haux dgkdbeas = e'uk ak Kuobhba% e'lutra akZrgdgksuelbra+

Tubvlkt e'uslà% ea dgkdbea ha Zrgdgksuelbra iut dgkvgquâ at

prâsbhâ plr Hgobkbdus% âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+ Be sbâàl hlks datta

vbeea% lu dgurs ha e'âtâ+ Be prbt sl tîdfa igrt lu sârbaux% prasquatrgp% râèl e'axâdutbgk has egbs râdaktas% at vgtl hbvars dlkgksdgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ Ea harkbar ha das dlkgks grhgkklbt ê tguseas âvíquas ha radfardfar eas sdfbsoltbquas ha eaur hbg/

dæsa3 be oaklàlbt oíoa ha hâpgsbtbgk at ha dgkibsdltbgk hasnbaks tgut âvíqua qub kâèbàrlbt ha dgkvartbr gu ha pgursub/vra eas hbssbhakts+ Zlr uka eattra sykghlea% qua sb`kl sgk prâ/

sbhakt% e'lssaoneâa ha Dlrtflà s'aoprassl ha kgtbibar lu plpatgutas das hâdbsbgks3 ê el eattra âtlbt mgbkt ea taxta has dlkgks%at% lussb% has egbs ha râprassbgk râdaooakt prgoueùâas ak

Lirbqua>

+

Dfgsa durbausa% el dflkdaeearba rgolbka% qub hapubs has lk/kâas prídflbt el ùarra dgktra ea sdfbsoa% trguvl datta igbs

qu'gk âtlbt leeâ trgp egbk+ Hlks sl râpgksa ê Hgobkbdus ha Dlr/tflà% ak saptaonra 128% @râ`gbra ea @rlkh iâebdbtl slks hgutaeas Lirbdlbks pgur ea zæea qu'bes oattlbakt olbktaklkt ê dgo/nlttra e'fârâsba3 olbs be neîol el rbùaur axl`ârâa ha eaurs

hâdbsbgks% kgtlooakt ea dlkgk qub prasdrbvlbt ha hâpgsar eas

âvíquas trgp dgkdbeblkts+ Be radgoolkhlbt el oghârltbgk% bksbs/

tlbt sur eas oâklàoakts kâdasslbras aktra dgeeæùas+ H'lbeeaurs%

ak pgebtbqua delbrvgylkt% be bkvgqulbt hbsdrætaoakt uka rlbsgkha dbrdgkstlkda% qub prgnlneaoakt axpebqua sas râsarvas = be

drlb`klbt qua el sâvârbtâ hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà ka iót bktar/

prâtâa dgooa uka drbtbqua bkhbradta ha e'bkhueàkda ogktrâaê tgrt gu ê rlbsgk plr eas dgkdbeas at eas prbolts h'lutras prg/

vbkdas 4+ Be sgkàlbt surtgut ê el Kuobhba% gò e'gk oâklàlbt

plr kâdassbtâ eas sdfbsoltbquas% naludgup peus kgonraux ak

datta dgktrâa at peus pubsslkts+ Ygylkt eas dfgsas ha peus flut%at sa rakhlkt dgopta ha el hbiiârakda has sbtultbgks% ea plpavguelbt loakar eas âvíquas has hbvarsas prgvbkdas lirbdlbkas ê

lhgptar el oíoa tldtbqua pgur el ùarra lu sdfbsoa = vgbeê

pgurqugb be haolkhlbt peus ha sâvârbtâ ak Kuobhba% gò e'gk

<" Apbst+% BY% 4>3 YB% 12+ 4" Apbst+% Y% 4+

>" Apbst+% Y% 4+

BY >n



848 EA HGKLXBTOA

fâsbtlbt ê pgursubvra eas hbssbhakts% peus h'bkhueàkda ak Zrg/dgksuelbra% gò Xgk lvlbt ogbks ha oârbta ê sa ogktrarrb`guraux+

\ugb qu'be ak sgbt% ea hgssbar ha da dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà kgusast lssaz nbak dgkku+ Gk y hbstbkùa haux `rgupas ha pbædas =

<º ea hgssbar prgpraoakt hbt &dlr tu el"% rakiarolkt ea taxta haskguvaeeas egbs bopârbleas &leed`ltbg prbkdbplebuo mussbgkuo" % ea

dgopta/rakhu has sâlkdas &@asel"% eas dlkgks &saktaktbld" 3>º el

eattra sykghlea lu plpa% at el râpgksa ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh+Ak Kuobhba% gk obt ogbks h'aoprassaoakt ê ak`làr el

eutta dgktra ea sdfbsoa+ Ea dgkdbea sa râukbt saueaoakt vars elibk ha 128% sur eas bkstlkdas hu plpa '+ Lu ogbs ha mubeeat% @râ/`gbra ea @rlkh lvlbt lhrassâ uka eattra prasslkta lux âvíquasYbdtgr at Dgeuonus+ Be eaur raprgdflbt lvad quaequa vbvldbtâ

ha tgeârar hlks eaur plys eas oâilbts has Hgkltbstas% hgkt e'bo/

pukbtâ akdgurlàlbt e'luhlda = « Kgus lvgks lpprbs% hbslbt/be%

qua hlks vgs râ`bgks eas Hgkltbstas gkt hbsparsâ ê dgups haiguats ea trgupalu hu Tab`kaur% dgooa sb da trgupalu k'lvlbt

au pgur ea hâiakhra luduk plstaur+ Gk kgus l akdgra lkkgkdâhas dfgsas qua kgus ka pguvgks râpâtar slks uka hgueaur prg/

igkha+ Qk træs `rlkh kgonra ha ibhæeas gkt âtâ hâdfbrâs hâmêplr eas hakts vakboausas has fârâtbquas+ Eas Hgkltbstas gktpgussâ eaur luhlda drbobkaeea musqu'ê dflssar ha eaurs âèbsas eas

âvíquas dltfgebquas+ Ak gutra% nbak has àks% qub lvlbakt âtâ

râ`âkârâs plr e'alu sleutlbra hu nlptíoa% gkt âtâ ranlptbsâs plrdas sdâeârlts% vrlbs oaurtrbars has îoas+ @a qub rahgunea kgtraliiebdtbgk% d'ast el paksâa qua vgus ítas eê% hlks ea plys% at qua

sgus vgs yaux das dgqubks fgrs el egb gkt pu dgooattra uk sb

`rlkh drboa ³+ Ak dgksâquakda% ea plpa bkvbtlbt sas dgrraspgk/hlkts ê râdeloar lussbtøt el dgkvgdltbgk hu dgkdbea qub gr`l/kbsarlbt el ùarra dgktra ea sdfbsoa = « D'ast pgurqugb% plr el

prâsakta eattra% kgus vgus axfgrtgks% vgus kgs iræras% ê vgusdgkdartar% ê râukbr ea dgkdbea+ Ea ole ak ast akdgra ê sas hânuts =

fîtaz/vgus% at% ha tgutas vgs igrdas% dgonlttaz/ea+ Lutraoakt%sb vgus ea kâèbàz% be `rlkhbrl% be pgrtarl el dgktl`bgk pastbeak/

tbaeea hlks ea trgupalu qub vgus ast dgkibâ³'+

Olefaurausaoakt% kgk/ ka slvgks rbak ha prâdbs sur e'Ŕuvraha da dgkdbea qub havlbt oattra ê el rlbsgk eas Hgkltbstas+ Xgutpgrta ê drgbra qua eas hâdbsbgks has Kuobhas iurakt naludgupogbks sâværas at ogbks kattas qua ddeeasha Dlrtflà+ H'lbeeaurs%tguta datta dlopl`ka ha 128% bkluùrâa plr eas egbs bopârbleas%

U" Apbs t+% BY% 41+ > Apbst+% BY% 41+




pgursubvba lvad tlkt h'lrhaur plr @râ`gbra ea @rlkh at Hgobkb/gks% k'aut pls ha râsuetlts lpprâdblneas+ Haux lks peus tlrh% aklgót 129% kgus vgygks ea plpa lhrassar uka raquíta sgeakkaeeaê e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra pgur haolkhar akdgra el strbdta

gnsarvltbgk has egbs dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ Haspelbktas dgktakuas hlks datta raquíta% be râsuetlbt delbraoaktqua eas egbs k'lvlbakt pls akdgra âtâ lppebquâas ak Lirbqua% quaeas hbssbhakts rahgunelbakt h'luhlda% dflsslbakt has âvíquas%ranlptbslbakt% at trguvlbakt has dgopebdas musqua hlks eas il/

obeeas has deards dltfgebquas <+

Lu ogoakt gò ea plpa akvgylbt dat lppae ê e'aoparaur% easHgkltbstas hgobklbakt ak Kuobhba% plr e'bktbobhltbgk gu e'bk/

trbùa% musqu'lux lssaoneâas h'âvíquas sgb/hbslkt dltfgebquas+Hlks e'âtâ ha 129% bes râussbrakt ê ilbra axdgooukbar e'uk ha eaurs

prbkdbplux lhvarslbras plr ea dgkdbea ha Kuobhba.+ Be s'l`bt hadat âvíqua Zlueus% hgkt eas oâslvakturas at eas bktarobklneasprgdæs dlusærakt lu plpa tlkt ha trldls+ Hapubs peusbaurs lk/kâas% Zlueus âtlbt pgursubvb plr el flbka has sdfbsoltbquas%qub e'lvlbakt dflssâ ha sgk hbgdæsa+ Hlks sl hâtrassa% be dfar/dflbt vlbkaoakt ê sa rakhra ak Btleba% pgur y pgrtar pelbkta par/sgkkaeeaoakt+ Ole`râ e'lppub hu plpa qub ea radgoolkhlbt ê tgutea ogkha% oíoa ê e'axlrqua at lu prâiat hu prâtgbra h'Lirbqua% ea

olefauraux lvlbt âtâ rataku ak Lirbqua sgus hbvars prâtaxtas% at

k'lvlbt mlolbs pu s'aonlrquar 4+ Tas akkaobs lvlbakt sb nbak

olkŔuvrâ% qu'bes lvlbakt ibkb plr ea rakhra suspadt lux lutgrb/tâs dbvbeas at obebtlbras% oíoa ê sas dgeeæùas+ Ea dfai/h'Ŕuvrahas Hgkltbstas iut ha ilbra dgkhlokar Zlueus plr daux qub lu/

rlbakt hó ea hâiakhra dgktra aux+ Nrusquaoakt% plr uka eattraha e'axlrqua @akklhbus% ea plpa lpprbt qua sgk prgtâ`â vaklbth'ítra axdgooukbâ plr ea dgkdbea ha Kuobhba 8

+ El kguvaeea iut

nbaktøt dgkibroâa plr Zlueus eub/oíoa% qub lvlbt akibk râussb ê

s'aonlrquar U Gkslbt dgooakt ea prgdæs s'ak`làl ha kguvaluê Fgoa havlkt ea plpa% pubs ê Dgkstlktbkgpea havlkt e'aopa/raur 9

= ea suspadt iut radgkku bkkgdakt 0

% at sgk saue drboa âtlbt

h'lvgbr gsâ dgonlttra eas sdfbsoltbquas ha sgk hbgdæsa+

Zlueus k'ak lvlbt pls ogbks âtâ dgkhlokâ ak Kuobhba plre'lssaoneâa has âvíquas dltfgebquas 6+ Kgus ka dgkklbssgks pls

<" Apbst+% YB% 9<+ ‘ Di+ YB% 48+

>" Apbs t+% YB% 123 YBB% >+

4" Apbst+% BY% 4> at 41 3 YB% 12+

8" Apbs t+% YB% 12+

1" Apbst+% YB% 12+

9" Apbst+% YB% 12 at 9<3 YQ% >3 YBBB%

<4 at <1+

<" Apbst+% YBBB% <4 at <1+

6" Apbst+% YB% 123 YBB% >+





DFLZBXÂ BY

E'ÂZB@^LZFBA HGKLXBTXA

B

Bktârít at hbiibduetâs ha e'âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta+ ‘ Zraobar `rgupa ha hgduoakts+‘ Bksdrbptbgks qub raprghubsakt ea drb ha ùarra has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘Hbvarsbtâ has ogkuoakts gò sa ebt ea Hag eluhas+ ‘ Zbelstras sdueptâs% pbebars%

ebktalux% at lutras irlòakts h'lrdfbtadtura+ ‘ Nlùas+ ‘ El havbsa has sdfbs/

oltbquas at ea dfrbsoa+ ‘ Hgduoakts peus dgopeaxas gò ibùra el oíoalddeloltbgk+ ‘ Ea Hag eluhas prâdâhâ h'uka bkvgdltbgk lu Dfrbst+ ‘ El igr/

ouea Hag eluhas hbdlous sur has ebktalux ha pgrta+ ‘ El igrouea Hag eluhasl`lous+ ‘ Ylrblktas ha das igroueas+ ‘ Ea Hag eluhas hlks el hâhbdlda h'uknlptbstæra hgkltbsta+ ‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfgebquas lu drb ha ùarra has sdfbsol/tbquas+ ‘ El igrouea Hag `rlebls sur uk dflpbtalu ha Nl`lç+ ‘ El igroueaHag `rlebls l`lous sur el deai h'lrd h'uka lnsbha ha nlsbebqua+

Lux Ldtas has dgkdbeas% lux hgduoakts fbstgrbquas gu ebttâ/

rlbras ha tgut àkra% qub kgus paroattakt ha radgkstbtuar ak`rlkha plrtba e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa% gk hgbt mgbkhra lumgur/h'fub uka durbausa sârba ha hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas+ Eas pbarras

aeeas/oíoas kgus dgktakt ê eaur ilàgk% sbkgk e'fbstgbra hae'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua lirbdlbka% hu ogbks sas lspbrltbgks% sas

flbkas% sas klçvas prâtaktbgks+ Tguvakt e'âpb`rlpfba kgus rak/vgba ea hgunea âdfg has hbsdussbgks at has quaraeeas qub% luxtaops h'Gptlt gu h'Luùstbk% plssbgkkærakt eas haux Aèbsasrbvleas = lux pbarras hgkltbstas râpgkhakt akdgra lumgurh'fubhas pbarras dltfgebquas+

Hgkd% gk l hâdguvart hlks e'Lirbqua hu Kgrh% surtgut hlksel râ`bgk qub dgrraspgkh ê e'lkdbakka Kuobhba% uk lssaz `rlkhkgonra ha irlòakts h'lrdfbtadtura at h'lutras ogkuoaktslrdfâgeg`bquas% gò sa ebsakt has bksdrbptbgks qub bktârassakt

hbradtaoakt e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ Eas trguvlbeeas ha daàkra sa sgkt ouetbpebâas hapubs quaequas lkkâas3 peusbaurs

sgkt tgutas râdaktas+ Hâsgrolbs% hlks e'âpb`rlpfba dfrâtbakkahu plys% sb rbdfa at sb vlrbâa% gk hgbt hbstbkùar uk hgolbka ê

plrt% prasqua bkdgkku musqu'bdb = e'âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta gu lktb/

hgkltbsta+

Be ast bkutbea h'bksbstar sur e'bktârít fbstgrbqua tgut plrtbdu/

ebar ha datta delssa ha hgduoakts grb`bklux% dgktaopgrlbks has



846 EA HGKLXBTOA

ilbts% tâogbks brrâduslneas has plssbgks at has quaraeeas raeb/

`bausas% ha el psydfgeg`ba has dfrâtbaks h'Lirbqua lu bv a gulu v a sbædea+ @rîda ê das oghastas bksdrbptbgks% el vgbx

h'fuoneas ibhæeas has haux Âèbsas rbvleas lrrbva musqu'ê kgusslks letârltbgk kb bktaroâhblbra = kgus aktakhgks% râpardutâs

sur el pbarra% eas prgpgs pgpuelbras at qugtbhbaks% gò sa

râsuoakt eas lspbrltbgks at eas `rbais has sdfbsoltbquas% dgooaeas râpebquas ha eaurs lhvarslbras+ D'ast eê vrlboakt ha E'fbs/

tgbra% at ha el peus lutfaktbqua% ha el peus vbvlkta = uka fbs/

tgbra âdrbta lu mgur ea mgur% bkdgksdbaooakt% plr daux/eê oíoasqub el igkt+

Olbs e'âtuha ha datta âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta prâsakta lutlkt hahbiibduetâ qua h'bktârít+ Eê% dgooa lbeeaurs% gk k'lrrbva ê has

râsuetlts sgebhas% qua sb e'gk sa râsb`ka ê naludgup b`kgrar+

Tlks hguta% h'lssaz kgonrausas bksdrbptbgks dfrâtbakkas% trgu/

vâas ak Lirbqua% sgkt sóraoakt hgkltbstas = daeeas gò e'gk raeæva

has igroueas plrtbduebæras lux sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ H'lutras

sgkt træs prgnlneaoakt hgkltbstas = daeeas qub trlhubsakt eas

prâtaktbgks at eas aspârlkdas dfæras lux hbssbhakts+ Olbs nalu/

dgup h'lutras% qub pauvakt ítra hgkltbstas% ka kgus ebvrakt plseaur sadrat+ Gk ka slurlbt lumgurh'fub hâebobtar axldtaoakt da

hgolbka âpb`rlpfbqua% ak rlbsgk has dlrldtæras prgpras lusdfbsoa lirbdlbk% qub ast tgumgurs rastâ uk sdfbsoa slks hava/

kbr uka fârâsba% at qub l dgksarvâ sur nbak has pgbkts eas trlhb/

tbgks dltfgebquas+ L peusbaurs raprbsas% lu dgurs hu bv a sbædea%

at musqu'lu hânut hu v a% e'Aèbsa hgkltbsta prbt uka axtaksbgk

axtrlgrhbklbra = hlks ea plys kuobha% ha e'lvau oíoa ha sas

lhvarslbras% aeea e'aopgrtlbt sur e'Aèbsa dltfgebqua plr ea kgo/nra has ibhæeas

<

+ Hgkd% saegk tguta lpplrakda% el ogbtbâ has

bksdrbptbgks dfrâtbakkas ha datta pârbgha% qub gkt âtâ hâdgu/

vartas ak Kuobhba gu hlks eas hbstrbdts vgbsbks% gkt âtâ `rlvâasplr eas hbssbhakts gu pgur aux+ Olbs das hbssbhakts lvlbakt

`lrhâ tguta e'gr`lkbsltbgk trlhbtbgkkaeea ha e'Aèbsa egdlea% e'lk/

dbakka ebtur`ba% at musqu'lux igroueas h'âpbtlpfas+ Lussb% hlksel peuplrt has dls% kgus k'lvgks luduk ogyak ha hbstbkùar

eas hâhbdldas gu eas tgonas has haux plrtbs% pls peus qua kgus

ka pguvgks hbstbkùar eaurs nlsbebquas+ D'ast saueaoakt plraxdaptbgk qua eas hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas hu Hgkltbsoatrlfbssakt eaur grb`bka sadtlbra+

Faurausaoakt% eas axdaptbgks ka sgkt pls rlras+ Kgus pguvgks hgkd radgkstbtuar% hlks uka dartlbka oasura% ea hgolbka

<" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <91 3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2% 9+



HGDQOAKXTÂZB@^LZFB\QAT 842

ha e'âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta+ Kgus y hbstbkùargks qultra `rgupasha hgduoakts% hgkt dflduk hgbt ítra âtuhbâ ê plrt = <º eas bks/

drbptbgks% sóraoakt hgkltbstas% gò ibùra el havbsa has hbssb/hakts 3

>º uka rbdfa sârba h'bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas gò s'ax/

prboakt eas lspbrltbgks at eas rlkdukas hgkltbstas% lvad ukasârba plrleeæea ha hgduoakts dltfgebquas qub dgktbakkakt lu/

tlkt ha râpgksas lux prâtaktbgks has sadtlbras3 4º eas bksdrbp/

tbgks raeltbvas lux olrtyrs ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta3 8º eas âpbtl

pfas ha Hgkltbstas+

Ea praobar `rgupa% træs kattaoakt dlrldtârbsâ% dgoprakh eas

bksdrbptbgks qub raprghubsakt% bsgeâoakt gu hlks uka igroueapeus dgopeaxa% el havbsa has Hgkltbstas = Hag eluhas+ Ha datta

havbsa% eas vbgeakts hu plrtb% surtgut eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks% lvlbaktilbt uk drb ha ùarra% qub tarrgrbslbt eas dlopl`kas+ Luùstbkplrea sguvakt ha e'âpguvlkta qua râplkhlbt ak Lirbqua datta

ilrgudfa deloaur+ Be hbt% plr axaopea% lux sdfbsoltbquas =

« Zgur dgonbak ha àks ea Hag eluhas ha vgs nlkhas lroâas l

âtâ uka dlusa ha haube,+++ Ygtra Hag eluhas ast peus rahgutâ quael trgopatta ha ùarra ³'+ \ulkh Oldrgnbus% sgk dgeeæùa

hbssbhakt% ibt sgk aktrâa trbgopflea ê Fbppgka vars 8:2%Luùstbk kgus ogktra eas dfais at eas nltlbeegks has Dbrdgkdae/ebgks asdgrtlkt e'âvíqua% at « furelkt lu obebau has dlktbquaseaur rairlbk Hag eluhas% rairlbk qub hlks tgus eaurs nrb`lkhlàslvlbt âtâ eaur delbrgk ha nltlbeea ³ l

+ E'lutra plrtb lvlbt lussb sl

havbsa = lu Hag eluhas has Hgkltbstas râpgkhlbt ea Hag `rlttls

has Dltfgebquas+ Luùstbk gppgsa kattaoakt eas haux igroueas =

« Zeót ê Hbau% hbt/be% qua eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks iussakt râaeeaoakt

eas « sgehlts hu Dfrbst ³% at kgk eas sgehlts hu Hblnea ,

Gkrahguta peus eaur Hag eluhas qua ea ru`bssaoakt hu ebgk+ At

pgurtlkt% bes gsakt kgus bksuetar% plrda qua kgs iræras% pgursleuar quaequ'uk% hbsakt Hag `rlttls+++ Ygus rbaz ha kgtra Hag`rlttls 3 olbs vgtra Hag eluhas ilbt `âobr eas fgooas ";U Gk kaslurlbt ítra peus axpebdbta = be ast dartlbk qua% hlks e'âpb`rlpfbalirbdlbka hu bv a sbædea gu hu v a

% el igrouea Hag `rlttls bkhbquauk hgduoakt dltfgebqua% at el igrouea Hag. eluhas uk hgduoakthgkltbsta+

Gr ea Hag eluhas has sdfbsoltbquas sa ebt sur uka vbk`tlbkaha ogkuoakts% qub gkt âtâ trguvâs surtgut ak Kuobhba% plrigbs

ak Tbtbieakka% at hgkt peusbaurs hltakt sóraoakt hu ëv. sbædea+

El peuplrt ha das ogkuoakts sgkt has irlòakts h'lrdfbtadtura%

<" Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebtearls Zaebeblo% >" Apbst% <:6% 1% <8+

BB% 91% <89= 68% <69+ 4" Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>% 9+



88: EA HGKLXBTOA

qub prgvbakkakt âvbhaooakt h'âhbibdas hgk+btbstas = pbelstras

sdueptâs% pbebars ha nlsbebqua% ebktalux ha pgrta% delvalux gu

deais ha vgóta% pbarras quaedgkquashgkt

gkka paut

hâtarobkarlumgurh'fub el hastbkltbgk+ El havbsa hgkltbsta sa ebt lussb sur

has gnmats h'uk dlrldtæra træs hbeearakt% dgooa has dfltgks hanlùa+ Be ast âvbhakt qua datta havbsa iut træs pgpuelbra hlkse'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ Aeea âtlbt ea sb`ka ha rleebaoakt huplrtb = aeea mgulbt uk røea hlks el hâdgrltbgk has nlsbebquas guhas dflpaeeas% musqua hlks el vba prbvâa at el tgbeatta has hâvgts+

Tur quaequas ogkuoakts% el igrouea Hag eluhas sa prâsaktasauea% slks lutra bksdrbptbgk kb syongea = plr axaopea% sur ukpbebar h'Fakdfbr @gssat &lu Tuh/Guast ha Xanassl" <

% at sur ukapbarra h'Lçk Otbrsdfu &râ`bgk ha Cfakdfael"% gò sgkt sbopea/

oakt sdueptâas haux rgsldas lu/hassgus ha e'lddeloltbgkhgkltbsta >

+ El havbsa sa ogktra akdgra bsgeâa sur has nlùasha nrgkza% dgksarvâas ê Dgkstlktbka% qub gkt paut/ítra sarvb

h'lkkalux at ha dldfats ê has âvíquas hbssbhakts+ Qka ha das

nlùas% trguvâa hlks ea Iarhmbgul% aktra Obeav at Dubdue% pgrtaak haux eb`kas% sur uk dfltgk dlrrâ% e'bksdrbptbgk dgopeæta

Hag eluhas4

+ Qka lutra nlùa% ha prgvaklkda bkdartlbka%prâsakta ak lnrâ`â el oíoa igrouea = H&a"g ellh&a"s c

+ Das hauxogts âtlbakt sb âegquakts pgur eas hâvgts ha el sadta% qua tgutalhhbtbgk at tgut dgooaktlbra eaur saonelbakt suparieus+

Lbeeaurs% el havbsa hgkltbsta ast lddgopl`kâa h'uk ogkg/`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak% hgkt el prâsakda paroat h'lttrbnuar

e'bksdrbptbgk lu bv a sbædea+ D'ast ea dls pgur ha nalux pbelstras quae'gk dgksarva lumgurh'fub ê Cfakdfael &e'lkdbakka Olsduel"%at qub prgvbakkakt slks hguta has rubkas ha Dahbls gu haNl`lç+ Das pbelstras% fluts ha haux oætras akvbrgk% sgkt rbdfa/

oakt sdueptâs sur eas trgbs ildas+ El hâdgrltbgk dgopgrta hasdlhras radtlkùelbras% has rgsldas% has dardeas dgkdaktrbquas%has lrdlhas% has rloalux% has ieaurgks at has dgurgkkas% has

lopgueas% has qulhrupæhas% has pgbssgks at has dgegonas3akibk% uk `rlkh ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak lu/hassus ha e'bks/

drbptbgk Hag eluhas-+ Da sgkt eas rastas h'uk sgoptuauxogkuoakt hgkltbsta+ prgnlneaoakt uka nlsbebqua% qub havlbt

ítra lktârbaura lu taops h'Luùstbk+H'lutras hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas ha Kuobhba kgus ogktrakt

ea Hag eluhas lssgdbâ ê h'lutras igroueas+ Xaeea ast e'bksdrbptbgk%

<" D+ + ++% YBBB% >:8:+ < Ylrs% âduabe ha Dgkstlktbka% t+

>" Bnbh+% YBBB% <<096+ PUee &<626"% p+ 41>% k+ >:0+

4" Bnbh+% YBBB% >>914% <:3 Naskbar Sat 1" D+ + E+% YBBB%>>>4 3 <00<6 3 <004>+Felgdfat% Dgeeadtbgk Ilràs% p+ 91% k+ 49+



HGDQOAKXTÂZB@^LZFB\QAT 88<

hu bv a sbædea dgooa eas prâdâhaktas% qub ast `rlvâa sur el deai

h'uk lrd% hlks eas rubkas h'uka nlsbebqua% ê Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh&aktra Xanassl at Cfakdfael"+ Bdb% dgooa sur eas pbelstras haOlsduel% ha Dahbls guhaNl`lç% uk ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbaksa hassbka lu/hassus hu Hag eluhas3 olbs ea dfrbsoa ast ielkquâ%

ê hrgbta at ê `ludfa% ha haux N% lnrâ`â ha el igrouea N&gkbs"

n&aka" <+ \uaequaigbs% ea ogkg`rlooa dfrâtbak ast raopeldâ

plr uka bkvgdltbgk lu Dfrbst% axprboâa at `rlvâa ak tgutaseattras = sur uka pbarra hâdguvarta ê Hmaool Xbtlyl &aktra LbkNaçhl at Cfakdfael"% ea Hag eluhas ast prâdâhâ ha e'bkvgdltbgk

« Bk kgobka SDf_rbstb IbSe_b &Ha7"4

³++ Zlrigbs% lu ebau ha s'lssgdbar ê h'lutras igroueas% el havbsahgkltbsta sa hâvaegppa aeea/oíoa% plr e'lhmgkdtbgk h'uk varna%dgooahbdlobts gu l`lous% qub ak dgopeæta atak prâdbsaea saks+Tur uk ebktalu ha pgrta trguvâ ê Nbr/as/Tah &luT+/G+ha Xanassl"%gk vgbt lu obebau ha el ilda uk `rlkh ogkg`rlooa dgkstlk/tbkbak% qub gddupa tguta el flutaur ha el pbarra3 lux haux nguts%uka rgslda 3 lhrgbta at ê `ludfa hu dfrbsoa% sur haux eb`kas gòel peuplrt has eattras sgkt ratgurkâas at gò e'âdrbtura dflkà hasaks% e'bksdrbptbgk « Hag eluhas hbdlous ³ 4

+ Oíoa igrouea suruka `rgssa pbarra ha Oahiguk &rguta h'Lbk Naçhl ê Dgkstlk/tbka" U Qk ogkuoakt ha Hlell &aktra Olsduel at Xfavasta" prâ/

sakta el vlrblkta « Hag eluhas l`lous ³1

+ E'uka gu e'lutra ha dasigroueas ibùrlbt slks hguta hlks uk hgduoakt peus dgopeaxaqua e'gk vbakt ha hâdguvrbr ê Fakdfbr Ae/Ltrgus &lu T+/G+ haXanassl% præs ha Xaeebhmak"% hlks eas rubkas h'uk patbt nîtboaktê pbebars dlrrâs at pbelstras sdueptâs+ Tur e'uk has pbebars% hlks

uk dlhra% ê el subta h'uk ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak akiaroâhlks uk dardea% ast `rgssbæraoakt `rlvâa uka bksdrbptbgk hubv a sbædea% ak sapt eb`kas% træs hbiibdbea ê hâdfbiirar at ha eadturabkdartlbka% olbs qub dgktbakt sóraoakt ea Hag eluhas.+

Zeusbaurs hgduoakts lirbdlbks% slks raprghubra taxtuaeeaoaktel havbsa hgkltbsta% plrlbssakt y ilbra leeusbgk gu el plrlpfrl/sar+ Gk gnsarva kgtlooakt el sunstbtutbgk ha Hgobkus ê Haus+L Yleebs ^guoba% ak Xrbpgebtlbka% hlks has rubkas h'âhbibdasdfrâtbaks%

gkl eu sur

uka pbarra«

SH_gSob_kb Sel_uhasdlS0b_l/

Sous'e_ ³3 at% sur uk pbebar% « Hab Hgobkb mustb Seluhas dlkl/ous7_ y;U Qk delvalu râdaooakt hâdguvart hlks uka patbta

<" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% 8" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% <6992+<2:2% p+ ><:+ 1" Bnbh+% YBBB% >4:6 at p+ 21:+

>" Xgutlbk% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has 9" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkdatrlvlux fbstgrbquas% <628% p+ 61% k+ 8+ <2:2% p+ 4<+4+

4" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% <:928+ <" D+ B+ E% YBBB% <:292+



88> EA HGKLXBTOA

dflpaeea% ê Fakdfbr Naccgudfa &lu suh ha Xanassl"% pgrta el

hâhbdlda subvlkta% lu/hassgus h'uk ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak

lddgstâ ha e'l at ha e'w = « Olxbobkus duo subs vgtuo sgevarukt+Eluha{s" H&g"o&b"k&g" ³'+ Das hgduoakts/eê% slks ítra irlkdfa/oakt hgkltbstas% saoneakt trlfbr uka bkieuakda sadtlbra+

Ha tgus eas ogkuoakts gò ibùra ea Hag eluhas% ea peusdurbaux ast slks hguta uk ebktalu ha pgrta trguvâ ê Tbeeæùa{Kgdlr+++" ak Tbebibakka+ Gk ebt sur da ebktalu e'bksdrbptbgk sub/

vlkta% olefaurausaoakt bkdgopeæta = « Hag eluhas supar lu ulsl KgSvlraksbnus7+++y + El igrouea supar lquls kgus raksab`kasur el hastbkltbgk hu ogkuoakt+ Aeea ast aopruktâa ê el Nbnea%

sgbt ê uk varsat ha el @akæsa = « Tpbrbtus Hab iaranltur suparlquls 4

³% sgbt ê uk varsat has Zsluoas = « Ygx Hgobkb suparlquls% Hgobkus supar lquls ouetls ³U Da harkbar varsat l âtâ

irâquaooakt dbtâ hlks eas pgeâobquas lirbdlbkas raeltbvas lunlptíoa% at sguvakt `rlvâ sur has nâkbtbars '+ Gk ka paut hgutarqua e'bksdrbptbgk hu ebktalu ha Tbeeæùa lbt âtâ peldâa lu/hassusha el pgrta h'uk nlptbstæra hgkltbsta+

Lbksb% el havbsa has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks sa ebt akdgra

lumgurh'fub surkgonra ha ogkuoakts lrdfâgeg`bquas% sur hasirlòakts h'lrdfbtadtura prgvaklkt ha nlsbebquas gu lutras

âhbibdas hu dueta hbssbhakt+ Aeea s'âtlelbt sguvakt musqua sur hasilàlhas% sur has ebktalux ha pgrta% lu/hassus ha e'aktrâa has

slkdtulbras+ Hlks nbak has egdlebtâs% aeea liibrolbt lux yaux huplsslkt e'axbstakda h'uka dgoouklutâ hu plrtb ha Hgklt% prgu/vlbt qua da plrtb rastlbt pubsslkt ole`râ eas egbs ha prgsdrbp/tbgk% at saonelbt uk hâib lux ebhæeas ha e'Âèbsa giibdbaeea+ Ea

dear`â dltfgebqua l plrigbs raeavâ ea hâib% ak gppgslkt havbsa êhavbsa = kgus ak lvgks el prauvasur h'lutras ogkuoakts+ Hlkseas rubkas oíoas ha Nl`lç% e'uka has vbeeas slbktas hu HgklQsbka <

'% gò e'âvæqua Hgkltus at sas Dbrdgkdaeebgks gsærakt takbr

títa lux trgupas h'uk dgota h'Lirbqua <% gò peus tlrh eas sdfbs

oltbquas sa ruærakt sb sguvakt sur eaurs lhvarslbras hgkt ukmgur bes lssgooærakt e'âvæqua 6

% gk l hâdguvart uk dflpbtalu gòsa ebt el havbsa has Dltfgebquas Hag `rltbls-+ L Fakdfbr/Ngu/[eçh &ê e'Guast ha Xanassl"% gò kgus lvgks sb`kleâ peus flut ukadeai h'lrd prâsaktlkt e'lddeloltbgk hgkltbsta lvad ea ogkg/

<" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% 9" Luùstbk% Akurr+ Be bk Zsleo+ >< ;

p+ >96+ >9+

>" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% >:86>+ 0" Gptît% BBB% 8+

4 Fakas+% B% >+ 6" Luùstbk% A[se+ <61% 0% >03 Dgktrl8" Zsl o+ >6% 4+ Drasdgkburk% BBB% 84% 80+

+r

+" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% 2" D+ + E+% YBBB% >>2>+

<2:>% p+ >2< />'+u+




`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak at el igrouea Ngkbs naka% gk vbakt hatrguvar uka lutra deai h'lrd% prgvaklkt daeea/eê ha e'lnsbha h'ukaâèbsa giibdbaeea% at pgrtlkt uka hâhbdlda gò ibùra el havbsadltfgebqua+ Ygbdb datta bksdrbptbgk% qub ast `rlvâa sur fubteb`kas% ak dlrldtæras râùebars% at qub plrlbt hltar â`leaoakthu bv a sbædea = « Ygtuo dgopeaeuo+ Hag `rltbls l`lous+ Axgiibdbkê Igrtukb at Ybdtgrbs ibebk-+ Hlks datta patbta vbeea haKuobhba% dgooa ak nbak h'lutras slks hguta% dflduk has hauxplrtbs pgssâhlbt sl nlsbebqua at y lvlbt `rlvâ sl havbsa+ Kgtgksakdgra qua ea Hag `rltbls l`lous has Dltfgebquas h'Fakdfbr

Ngu/Tlçh dgrraspgkh axldtaoakt lu Hag eluhas l`lous hasHgkltbstas ha Hlell >

+ Kgus lvgks eê uk axaopea irlpplkt ha dadurbaux plrleeâebsoa has igroueas rbvleas% qua kgus lurgksnbak sguvakt ê dgkstltar = uk ogt dflk`â hlks uka havbsa%eluhas lu ebau ha `rltbls% at d'âtlbt uka rlbsgk suiibslkta pgur sa

flçr outuaeeaoakt% quaequaigbs pgur s'aktr'â`gràr+

Gk vgbt qua das fuoneas bksdrbptbgks% pbausaoakt raduabeebas

plr eas lrdfâgegùas% dgktrbnuakt ê âdelbrar e'fbstgbra ha

e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka lux taops h'Gptlt gu h'Luùstbk+ Xgutasplrlbssakt hltar ha el pârbgha gò ea Hgkltbsoa hgobklbt akKuobhba at hlks eas râ`bgks vgbsbkas% d'ast/hbra hu bv a sbædea guhas praobæras lkkâas hu v a

3 ea ilbt ast dartlbk pgur tgus dauxhas hgduoakts gò sa hassbka ea ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak+Das ogkuoakts gò sa ebt tlktøt el hâvbsa has hbssbhakts% tlktøtdaeea has Dltfgebquas% ka raeævakt pls saueaoakt ha el durbgsbtâlrdfâgeg`bqua3 bes sgkt eas tâogbks eas peus ibhæeas% eas peusbrrâduslneas% has quaraeeas raeb`bausas ha das taops/eê% eas bktar/

prætas eas peus sórs ha el psydfgeg`ba has igueas+ Bes kgus trlks/oattakt% tguta vbva% e'boprassbgk ha el râlebtâ fbstgrbqua+ Bes

kgus lbhakt ê dgoprakhra eas îoas% ak kgus ogktrlkt dgo/oakt el ùarra aktra eas haux Aèbsas lirbdlbkas sa pgursubvlbtmusqua hlks eas lsbeas ha el prbæra at ha el igb% musqua sur eas

ours% eas pbebars at eas dflpbtalux% eas pgrtas at eas ilàlhas hasnlsbebquas+

BB

Lutras bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas% raeltbvas lux pgeâobquas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrgtas/tltbgks has sdfbsolstbquas dgktra eas parsâdutbgks+ ‘ Yarsats has Zsluoas% ‘rYarsats ha slbkt Zlue+ ‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfgebquas = âegà ha el plbx raeb`bausaat ha e'ukbtâ ha e'Aèbsa+ ‘ Grùabe has Hgkltbstas = eas « Zurs •;% eas « Tlbkts ³%

eas « Mustas ³+ ‘ Yarsat has Zsluoas = lhhbtbgk qub trlfbt el olbk h'uk sdfbs/oltbqua+ ‘Kgo ha « Tlbkts ³ hgkkâ lux ibhæeas hlks has hâhbdldas+ ‘ @egrb/

<" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% >" D+ <+ E+ tYBH% >4:6 at p+ 21:+

<2:2% p+ ><1+



888 EA HGKLXBTOA

ibdltbgk hu « Musta ³ hlks has bksdrbptbgks ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Bktarprâtltbgk sadtlbrah'uk varsat ha slbkt Zlue+ ‘ Lhlptltbgks hgkltbstas ha el igrouea Ngkbs naka+‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfgebquas lux « Tlbkts ³ at lux « Mustas ³ ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsol/tbqua+ ‘ Eas « pâdfaurs ha @ahbls ³+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbis ê el ebtur`ba hgkl/tbsta+ ‘ El Kgãe+ ‘ Ea nlptíoa+ ‘ ^âpgksa has Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Hgduoaktsraeltbis lux quaraeeas has haux plrtbs+ ‘ El dgkibsdltbgk has nlsbebquas hgkl/tbstas at el hâhbdlda h'uk slkdtulbra has Lpøtras ê Lbk @fgrln+ ‘ Oaktbgk haRAddeasbl Dltfgebdl hlks has bksdrbptbgks ha Xfl`lsta% ha Cslr Ae/Caen% ha Xbplsl+

Hgkltbstas at Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks ka sa dgktaktlbakt pls harâpâtar ê sltbâtâ eaurs havbsas% at ha eas `rlvar sur eas ourlbeeasha eaurs âhbibdas gu sur eas dfltgks ha eaurs nlùas+ Bes lbolbakt

tlkt ê axpgsar eaurs prbkdbpas at eaurs `rbais râdbprgquas% qu'besgkt ilbt sguvakt ê el pbarra gu lu olrnra el dgkibhakda ha eaurs

bhâas hbradtrbdas% ha eaurs prâtaktbgks% ha eaurs aspârlkdas at

ha eaurs rlkdukas+ Qk sadgkh `rgupa ha hgduoakts âpb`rl/pfbquas% qub k'ast kb ea ogbks rbdfa kb ea ogbks durbaux% dgo/prakh eas bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas% hgkltbstas gu lktbhgkl/tbstas% qub kgus gkttrlksobs e'âdfg ha das hânlts bktarobklneas%tgumgurs rakguvaeâs at tgumgurs plssbgkkâs% aktra eas deards gueas ibhæeas has haux Âèbsas rbvleas+

Hlks das pgeâobquas sur pbarra% qub sa sgkt pgursubvbas akLirbqua pakhlkt peusbaurs `âkârltbgks% haux oâtfghas gkt âtâ

sbouetlkâoakt ak uslà = el dgktrgvarsa hbradta% ê dgups haigroueas gu h'lddeloltbgks3 el dgktrgvarsa bkhbradta% ê dgupsha taxtas nbnebquas+ Hlks ea praobar dls% ea râhldtaur ha e'bks/

drbptbgk raprghubslbt uka has olxboas trlhbtbgkkaeeas ha sgkAèbsa% gu s'bk`âkblbt ê trguvar uka igrouea axprassbva at dgurtaqub pót trlhubra eas saktboakts ha sgk plrtb+ Hlks ea sadgkhdls% be dfardflbt uk varsat ha e'Adrbtura% qub iót e'axprassbgkaxldta ha sl paksâa% ha sl prâtaktbgk gu ha sl flbka3 plrigbs%

has vlrblktas gu has bktarpgeltbgks dlrldtârbstbquas trlfbssakte'bktaktbgk hu sadtlbra+ Eas Dltfgebquas% ratakus slks hguta plruk sdrupuea% vgylkt paut/ítra uka sgrta ha prgilkltbgk hlks dasbktarprâtltbgks trgp vbsbneaoakt bktârassâas has ebvras sldrâs%

gkt aopegyâ ha prâiârakda el oâtfgha hbradta+ Eas hbssbhakts%lu dgktrlbra% lbolbakt ê lddlnear eaurs lhvarslbras sgus ea

pgbhs has taxtas nbnebquas+ Da trlbt ha e'âpb`rlpfba has Hgkl/tbseassa ratrguva% kattaoakt lddusâ% hlks tgus eas guvrlàs haeaurs pgeâobstas% hlks eas Ldtas ha eaurs dgkdbeas% hlks tgut daqub kgus rasta ha eaur ebttârltura+ Adrlsar e'akkaob sgus uk tâogb/`klà be b vbk% ea pardar lvad uka lroa aopruktâa ê Hlvbh gu ê

slbkt Zlue% d'âtlbt ilbra h'uka pbarra haux dgups= d'âtlbt lttastar

sgk raspadt ha e'Adrbtura ak e'gppgslkt lux oâdrâlkts% d'âtlbt

oârbtar ea Zlrlhbs ak irlpplkt bdb/nls eas dgopebdas hu Hblnea+



HGDQOAKXTÂZB@^LZFB\QÂT 881

Das dbtltbgks nbnebquas has pbarras lirbdlbkas pauvakt elbssar

bkhbiiârakt ea tgurbsta kgk lvartb% gu oíoa e'lrdfâgegùa qubeas dgpba slks ak pâkâtrar ea saks at e'bktaktbgk 3 pgur e'fbstg/

rbak qub dfardfa e'îoa has dfgsas% aeeas sgkt el trlhudtbgkvbvlkta at vbnrlkta ha saktboakts prgigkhs% hu ilkltbsoa guha e'asprbt ha plbx% ha el rlkduka gu ha el dflrbtâ% h'uka plssbgkiârgda gu h'uka olksuâtuha âvlk`âebqua+ Aeeas gkt mguâ hlkse'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka hu bv a gu hu v a sbædea ea oíoa røea qua eas

varsats hu Dgrlk trlksdrbts hlks eas ogsquâas lux mgurs hasdgkquítas ha e'Bselo+

Eas tfæoas ha datta âpb`rlpfba pgeâobqua ka sgkt pls træsvlrbâs+ At dael k'l rbak ha surpraklkt+ Ha plr eaur hastbkltbgkoíoa% das bksdrbptbgks âtlbakt h'bkspbrltbgk pgpuelbra at vbslbaktel iguea% qub tgumgurs lboa ê sbopebibar eas dfgsas = aeeas sa rlp/pgrtakt hgkd lux trgbs gu qultra bhâas igkhloaktleas qubsâplrlbakt eas haux Aèbsas+ Eas Hgkltbstas parsâdutâs prgtastaktklturaeeaoakt dgktra el parsâdutbgk% oluhbssakt eaurs akkaobs%liibroakt eaur dgkiblkda hlks el prgtadtbgk hbvbka 3 eas Dltfg/ebquas mustbibakt e'lppae lu pguvgbr sâduebar ak ilbslkt e'âegà hael plbx raeb`bausa at ha e'ukbtâ+ Eas Hgkltbstas% qub sa drgylbakteas saues « mustas ³%qub prâtakhlbakt lu ogkgpgea ha el puratâat ha el slbktatâ% ègrbibakt ea « Musta ³% vlktakt el puratâ% s'lt/

trbnuakt ea tbtra ha « Tlbkts ³ 3 eas Dltfgebquas% peus oghastashlks eaurs prgiassbgks ha igb% ak vartu ha eaurs prbkdbpasoíoas% sa qulebibakt ha « pâdfaurs ³% radgkklbssakt el ilbneassa

ha e'fgooa% at radgoolkhakt el pâkbtakda+ Tur eas pbarras%

dgooa hlks eaurs hânlts qugtbhbaks% eas haux plrtbs sa raprg/

dfakt outuaeeaoakt eaurs vbgeakdas% at liibroakt â`leaoakteaur prâtaktbgk h'ítra el vârbtlnea Aèbsa « dltfgebqua ³+ Akibk%

quaequas bksdrbptbgks sa rlppgrtakt ê el ebtur`ba hgkltbsta at

lux dgktrgvarsas sur ea nlptíoa+Hashgduoakts lssaz kgonraux dgktbakkakt has prgtastltbgks

hbradtas gu bkhbradtas dgktra el parsâdutbgk% has oleâhbdtbgksdgktra eas akkaobs ha e'Aèbsa+ Bdb sa pgsa uka quastbgk prâmu/

hbdbaeea = ak e'lnsakda h'uk bkhbda dartlbk% quaeea rlbsgk l/t/gk

ha suppgsar uka grb`bka hgkltbsta 7 Dgksbhârâas ak aeeas/oíoas%lnstrldtbgk ilbta ha e'lspadt lrdfbtadturle% pleâg`rlpfbqua gupfbegeg`bqua hu ogkuoakt% naludgup ha das prgtastltbgkspgurrlbakt dgkvakbr sgbt lux dfrâtbaks hu o sbædea parsâdutâsplreas plçaks% sgbt lux Dltfgebquas ha el pârbgha vlkhlea trl/

quâs plr eas Lrbaks% sgbt ê has fârâtbquas ha el pârbgha nyzlk/tbka+ Olbs% hlks el peuplrt has dls% e'axloak drbtbqua hu ogku/oakt dgktrahbt lussbtøt das fypgtfæsas+ H'lngrh% peusbaurs hgdu/



889 EA HGKLXITOA

oakts sgkt sóraoakt dgktaopgrlbks has parsâdutbgks dgktra ea

Hgkltbsoa% dgooa daux qub dgktbakkakt uk ogkg`rlooadgkstlktbkbak at qub lpplrtbakkakt plr dgksâquakt lu bv a sbædea3

h'lutras trlfbssakt uka olbk hgkltbsta% dgooa daux qub raprg/hubsakt has eaàgks ha vbaux taxtas nbnebquas lirbdlbks% taxtasdgksarvâs saueaoakt plr eas sdfbsoltbquas hapubs ea taopsh'Luùstbk+ Ak gutra% h'lpræs el pleâg`rlpfba has bksdrbptbgks%h'lpræs eas dlrldtæras lrdfbtadturlux has nlsbebquas gò aeeas gktâtâ trguvâas% gk ka paut hgutar qua el peuplrt has hgduoaktsha da `rgupa hltakt hu bv a gu hu v a sbædea+ Gk l hgkd tgut ebau

ha drgbra qu'bes sgkt eas tâogbks ha el eutta sâduelbra aktra Hgkl/tbstas at Dltfgebquas+

Da k'ast pls ê hbra qua tgutas eas prgtastltbgks raeavâas sureas pbarras lirbdlbkas pubssakt ítra lttrbnuâas lux Hgkltbstas+<< y l has axdaptbgks+ Tlks hguta% gk paut âdlrtar slks fâsbtl/tbgk el praobæra has fypgtfæsas bkhbquâas peus flut% daeea haprgtastltbgks dgktra eas parsâdutbgks plçakkas = luduka ha das

bksdrbptbgks ka paut ítra lktârbaura ê el plbx ha e'Âèbsa+ H'lbe/

eaurs% das hgduoakts prgvbakkakt h'âhbibdas dfrâtbaks% at d'ast

saueaoakt vars el ibk hu o a sbædea qu'lpplrlbssakt ak Lirbquaeas praobæras nlsbebquas+ Olbs eas lutras fypgtfæsas sgkt ogbksbkvrlbsaonelneas = be ast pgssbnea% at oíoa prgnlnea% qua peu/

sbaurs has hgduoakts ak quastbgk âolkakt sgbt ha Dltfgebquasparsâdutâs plr eas Ylkhleas lrbaks% sgbt h'fârâtbquas trlquâssgus el hgobkltbgk nyzlktbka+ Ak vgbdb uk axaopea+ Gk l

trguvâ ê Dlrtflà% hlks el râ`bgk ha Hgulr/adf/Dfgtt% uk ebk/

talu ha pgrta gò ast `rlvâa datta plrlpfrlsa h'uk varsat has

Zsluoas = « SI_ld kgnfdu&o"% H&gob"ka% sb`kuo H&d"b% utvbhSa_lkt qubSo_a gharuke% at dgkiukhlktw ³'+ Ea saktboaktqub l hbdtâ ea dfgbx ha da varsat dgkvbakhrlbt plrilbtaoakt ê

has Hgkltbstas hu taops h'Luùstbk3 olbs% lu daktra hu ebk/

talu% hlks uk dardea% sa hassbka uka drgbx plttâa% at sur eas nrlsha datta drgbx sgkt hbspgsâs has sbèas qu'gk bktarpræta = « Lv&a"%

s&lkdtl" D&rux"% k&g(trl" e&ux" ! ³+ L ak muàr plr el igroa ha el

drgbx% ea ogkuoakt ka saonea pls lktârbaur ê el ebk hu

Ya

sbædea=

be l pu ítra axâdutâ sgbt plr has Dltfgebquas sgus elhgobkltbgk vlkhlea% sgbt plr has fârâtbquas gu has sdfbsol/tbquas lu taops has Nyzlktbks+ Tur haux gu trgbs lutras hgdu/oakts ha datta dltâ`grba% gk raeæva lussb quaequa bkhbda h'ukagrb`bka pgstârbaura% surtgut has drgbx `radquas+

Olbs da sgkt eê has axdaptbgks+ Zrasqua tgumgurs% eas dlrld/

<" Zslbo+ 61% <0+

>"Haelttra%D+ ^+hae' Ldlh+ has eksdrbpt+% <628% |;+ <:<+




tæras pleâg`rlpfbquas kgus rapgrtakt lu bv a sbædea gu lu hânuthu v a

+ Zlrigbs% el prâsakda h'uk dfrbsoa ha igroa lkdbakkadgkibroa peabkaoakt datta bkhbdltbgk+ Zlr axaopea% sur ukdbppa qulhrlkùelbra qu'gk l hâdguvart hlks eas rubkas h'ukanlsbebqua ê Fakdfbr Ae/Floolo &lu Tuh ha @uaeol"% at qubâtlbt peldâ slks hguta præs ha e'lutae% gk ebt = « Bk Drbstg parsâ/væras+ Zltar hlt plkao < ³+ Datta bkvbtltbgk ê « parsâvârar hlks ea

Dfrbst ³ s'lddgrha tgut ê ilbt lvad el hgdtrbka hgkltbsta3 gr aeea

hlta hu bv a sbædea% dgooa ak tâogb`ka ea ogkg`rlooa dgkstlk/tbkbak qub el tarobka+ H'lutras bksdrbptbgks hu oíoa `rgupa%

h'lpræs el igroa hu dfrbsoa qub eas lddgopl`ka% lpplrtbakkaktê el oíoa pârbgha gu ka sgkt ùæra pgstârbauras+ H'lutras%akibk% pauvakt ítra rlppgrtâas ê el oíoa âpgqua h'lpræs eas

âeâoakts hâdgrltbis hâ e'âhbibda hgkt aeeas ilbslbakt plrtba+ Nrai%e'âtuha drbtbqua has hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas gò e'gk raeævauka prgtastltbgk dgktra el parsâdutbgk% dgkhubt ê datta dgkdeu/sbgk qua das hgduoakts% slui ha rlras axdaptbgks% gkt âtâ `rl/vâs pakhlkt el pârbgha ha `rlkha axtaksbgk hu Hgkltbsoa%hgkt bes pgrtakt el

olrqua+Ak peusbaurs akhrgbts% d'ast plr has varsats has Zsluoas quas'axprboa el prgtastltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas+ Tur haux negds hapbarra ha Tbtbib% has parsâdutâs ha el vabeea rakhakt `rîdas êHbau qub eas l hâebvrâs ha eaurs akkaobs = « Axletl ta% Hg&ob"ka%qubl susdapbstb 77ba% at kgk mudukhlstb bkbobdgs oags supar oa'/ ³+

Lbeeaurs% has hâvgts prgdeloakt qu'bes gkt igb hlks ea sadgursha Hbau at ka rahgutakt pls eas fgooas+ Gk vgbt lu Ousâa huEguvra uk patbt plkkalu ak pbarra% qub prgvbakt h'Lçk

Ilcrguk &râ`bgk h'Lçk Naçhl" <

+ Da plkkalu% grkâ h'uka drgbx%pardâ ha haux nlbas ak igroa h'lrdlhas qua sâplra uka dgegk/katta% âtlbt slks hguta uka iakastaeel dgkiassbgkf% peldâa hlksea sgunlssaoakt h'uk lutae% ak lvlkt hu raebqulbra+ Gk y ebt =

« Bk Hag sparlng3 kgk tboang qubh ob&d"fb ildblt fgog- ³+ Eaoíoa varsat% olbs peus dgopeat% ast `rlvâ sur uk dflpbtaluhâdguvart tgut râdaooakt hlks eas rubkas h'uka dflpaeea dfrâ/tbakka ê Xgdquavbeea &Xfloleeuel"+ Haux has ildas hu tlbeegbr

prâsaktakt has bksdrbptbgks+ H'uk døtâ% el hâhbdlda = « Ngkgprasnbtarg Ilustg sug% Sdu_mus &bk"stlktbl ad&d"basbl ilnrbdltlaSstU ³+ H'lutra plrt% ea varsat = « SBk H_ag Eluhlng varnu&o"%bk Hag eluShUlng sarogka&o"3 bk Hag sparlvb% kgk tboavg qubt

{" @saee% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has 4" Olrnras lktbquas hu Eguvra% u+4:<9+trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <629% p+ <28% k+ <<:+ 8" D+ + £+% YBBB% <608>+ Di+ Zsleo+ 11%

>" D+ + E+% YBBB% 69>4/69>8+ Di+ Zsleo+ <<+

>2% >+



886 EA HGKLXBTOA

obfb ildble &f"g77bg b³+ Ea dfgbx ha das dbtltbgks nbnebquas ast

sb`kbibdltbi = das hâvgts qub hâdelrakt ka pgbkt rahgutar

e'fgooa% drgylbakt âvbhaooakt lvgbr ê sa pelbkhra hasfgooas+ D'ast ea elk`là qu'gkt tgumgurs taku eas Hgkltbstas+

Zeus sguvakt akdgra% d'ast ê slbkt Zlue qua e'gk aopruktlbte'axprassbgk hu oíoa saktboakt+ Qk varsat ha RÂpëtra lux^golbks% qub râsuolbt hlks uka igrouea âkar`bqua el dgk/iblkda ak Hbau at ea oâprbs has akkaobs h'bdb/nls% l âtâ plrtbdu/

ebæraoakt pgpuelbra dfaz eas oâdgktakts h'Lirbqua+ D'ast ea

ogt dâeænra = « Tb Haus prg ëbgnbs% ùbs dgktrl kgs-7-' ³+ Gk l

raeavâ da varsat sur tguta uka sârba ha ogkuoakts hâdguvartsak Zrgdgksuelbra% ak Nyzldæka% ak Kuobhba+ Xlktøt el igroueaha slbkt Zlue sa prâsakta sauea = plr axaopea% sur uk hbsqua haolrnra `rbs qub l âtâ trguvâ hlks ea qulrtbar ha Hguçoæs ê Dlr/

tflà 4% gu sur uka pbarra râdaooakt sb`kleâa lu ngrh hu eld

ha Xukbs 8+ Qk ogkuoakt h'Lbk Xaeebhmak &lu T+/G+ ha Xanassl"

giira el vlrblkta = « Tb Haus prg kgnbs% kbeobfb hâdrbt- ³+ Xlktøtel ibæra havbsa ha slbkt Zlue sa èbssa hlks uk hgduoakt peus

dgopeaxa+ Gk ebt sur uk ogkuoakt hu Cai &Tbddl Yakarbl"%

sur eas døtâs h'uka drgbx = « STb Haus prg kgnb_s% qubs dgktrl

kgse+++ iukhltl elngra- ³3 sur uka dgrkbdfa h'Fakdfbr Cflk/ùat/âùbnl &lu T+/G+ ha Xanassl" = « STb Haus prg kgnbs% 5 u_bs

dgktrl kgs-7 H{gob"k&u"s plsdbt oa at kSbfbe obfb hâdrbt_ <³ 3 sur

uka ogslçqua has akvbrgks ha Elotl &Eaptbobkus"% gò sgkt

raprâsaktâs lvad eaurs kgos &@agk% Ibsgk% Xb`rbs% Auirltas"

eas qultra ieauvas hu Zlrlhbs = « &F"bd gi{i"bdbkl Elurb+ Zeurlildbls% at oabbgrl &l"ahb Sbda_s+ Tb Haus prSg_ kgnbs% qubs dgktrl

kgs'7 SDum"us kgoak Haus sdbt % ngStuUo Ssg"evbt au o subs 9 ³+

Xlktøt% akibk% ea varsat ha RApëtra lux ^golbks sa dgonbkalvad uk lutra sguvakbr ha slbkt Zlue% dgooa sur uk ebktalu hapgrta h'Lbk @uanar &lu T+/G+ ha Xanassl" = « Ybha bk Hau at

lonuel+ Tb Haus prg kgnbs% qubs lhvarsus "bgsb7' M

³+ Ea Ybha bk

Hau at lonuel h'Lçk @uanar ast uka plrlpfrlsa h'uk plsslàha el sadgkha Apëtra lux Dgrbktfbaks = « Zar ibhao lonuel/kubs <:

³+ Gk vbakt ha raeavar uk sguvakbr hu oøoa taxta sur uk

<" Gsaee% Nuee+ lraf+ hu Dgobtâ has Brl/ trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <62<% p+ 8<1% k+ <19+

vlux/ fbstgrbquas% <2:6% |;+ ddxvb+ 0" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%>" Tlbkt Zlue% ebgolu+% YBBB% 4<+ <2:<³% p+ 414+ ‘ Bdb ea varsae ha slbkt

4" Haelttra% Ousâa Elvbàrba% BBB% p% <[/ Zlue {^golk+% YBBB% 4<" dse subvb h'uk var/

<43 pb+ BBB% >+ sae has Zsluoas SZsleo+ >>% <"+

8" Hgeletra% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has 6" D+ + %+% YBBB% <<<44+trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:6% p+ exxbx+ 2" Bnbh+% YBBB% >><6+

D+ + %+% YBBB% <09<:+ <:" Tlbue Zlue% Dgr+% Y% 0+

9" @ludcear% Nuee% lrdf hu Dgobtâ has




lutra ebktalu% grkâ h'uka drgbx ogkg`rlooltbqua hlks uk

dardea% ê Fakdfbr Ogflooah Ae/Ngrhmb &præs h'Lbk Xl`l at hael irgktbæra tukbsbakka"+ Gk y ebt das ogts = « Ibhabk Hau%dtvleas+++ ³'+ Das hbvars ogkuoakts ka hltakt pls ha el oíoapârbgha fbstgrbqua+ Haux h'aktra aux% qub prâsaktakt has drgbx%gkt hó ítra axâdutâs sgus el hgobkltbgk has Ylkhleas gu hasNyzlktbks+ Olbs el peuplrt lpplrtbakkakt dartlbkaoakt lubv a sbædea gu lu hânut hu v a

% at hgbvakt ítra e'Ŕuvra has Hgkl/tbstas% pgur qub el havbsa ha slbkt Zlue âtlbt uka sgrta ha hâib

lux Dltfgebquas parsâdutaurs+D'ast tgumgurs uk røea bk`rlt qua daeub ha parsâdutaur% gu

h'leebâ has parsâdutaurs+ Eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks ea dgopra/klbakt% at ka olkqulbakt pls uka gddlsbgk ha mustbibar eaurslppaes lu pguvgbr sâduebar gu e'bktarvaktbgk spgktlkâa hasaoparaurs at has `guvarkaurs rgolbks% eas egbs at eas oasurasha dgardbtbgk dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas+ D'ast e'uk has tfæoas eas

peus ilobebars lux pgeâobstas dltfgebquas ha datta pârbgha+ Gkleeâùlbt el kâdassbtâ ha râtlnebr gu ha olbktakbr e'ukbtâ ha

e'Âèbsa lirbdlbka% gk ilbslbt e'âegà ha el plbx raeb`bausa+ Dasogts ha plbx at h'ukbtâ ravbakkakt slks dassa hlks eas guvrlàsh'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk+ L e'uk has ebvras ha e'âvæqua h'Fbppgka%gk l oíoa hgkkâ da tbtra% h'lbeeaurs dgkvaktbgkkae = Ha ukbtltaCddeasbla''+ Ak 8<0% plrelkt ha el dgkvarsbgk ha kgonraux Hgkl/tbstas at hu râtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ% Luùstbk aopegba datta

igrouea axprassbva at pbttgrasqua = « Zlx dltfgebdl dudurrbt at

durrbt ³ U Zeus egbk% be lmguta = « Zlrbs ltqua ukbeltbs Dfrbstb plu/eltbo hgdtrbkl drasdanlt ³ U Hlks e'Lirbqua hu bv a sbædea% gklvlbt sb sguvakt râpâtâ das igroueas% qua ea ogt plx lvlbt ibkb

plr prakhra uk saks plrtbduebar% træs hbiiârakt hu saks qu'be lhlks eas âpbtlpfas = be âtlbt havaku e'âqubvleakt ê'lkbtls+ Be hâsb/

`klbt e'ukbtâ hu dfrbstblkbsoa egdle% raprâsaktâ axdeusbvaoaktplr e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua = hlks ea elk`là has pgeâobstas lirbdlbkshu taops% el « plbx ³% el l plbx hu Dfrbst ³% el « plbx dltfg/ebqua ³% dgooa hbt Luùstbk% d'âtlbt e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa% e'ukbtâ

dltfgebqua% olbktakua gu râtlneba plr el prgsdrbptbgk hu

sdfbsoa+ Gr% das axprassbgks sa rakdgktrakt hlks uka sârbah'bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas ha datta pârbgha% gò ea ogt plx lâvbhaooakt ea oíoa saks qua hlks eas guvrlàs at eas eattras

pgeâobquas h'Luùstbk+E'âegà ha el plbx raeb`bausa lbksb aktakhua lpplrlët hlks

<" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% 4" Luùstbó% Apbst+ <61% 4% <8+

<2:2% p+ >48+ 8" Apbst+ <61% 8% <1+

>" Zltrge+ eut+ ha Ob`kd% t+ 84% p+ 42<+

BY>2



81: EA HGKLXBTOA

e'âpb`rlpfba dltfgebqua ha el dgktrâa hæs eas praobæras lkkâasha e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ Xâogbk eas bksdrbptbgks sur og/slçqua ha el nlsbebqua h'Greâlksvbeea &Dlstaeeuo Xbk`btlkuo"%nlsbebqua qub% h'lpræs el hâhbdlda% l âtâ dgkstrubta ak 4>8 U Turea sge hu nls/døtâ ha `ludfa% gk ebt = «Taoparplx ³'+ Kgk egbk

ha eê% ak ilda ha e'aktrâa% uk dlrrâ akiaroâ hlks uk elnyrbktfaast dguvart ha eattras dgonbkâas ha taeea sgrta qu'aeeas râpætakt

ak tgut saks eas ogts = « Tlkdtl Add asbl 4 ³+ Be suiibt ha rlpprg/dfar eas haux bksdrbptbgks pgur slbsbr e'bktaktbgk ha e'âvíqua

qub l bkspbrâ e'lrdfbtadta gu ea ogslçsta = datta « plbx ³ qua ea

hleelà radgoolkha lux ibhæeas% da k'ast pls saueaoakt el plbxdfrâtbakka% el plbx âvlk`âebqua% d'ast akdgra at surtgut el

« plbx ha e'Aèbsa ³% `rlvaoakt dgoprgobsa plr eas sdfbsol/tbquas hu plys+

Hlks uka lutra egdlebtâ ha Dâslrbakka% ê Cfarnl &Xb`lvl"%

vgbdb uka bksdrbptbgk lklegùa% prasqua dgktaopgrlbka hasprâdâhaktas = « Fbd plx &Dfrbstb" &l"atarkl ogratur- ³+ Datta

bksdrbptbgk ast `rlvâa sur uk ebktalu ha pgrta% qub havlbt sur/

ogktar e'aktrâa h'uka âèbsa+ Aeea lpplrtbakt lu bUX%M

sbædea3 dlraeea akdlhra uk ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak+ Gk hgbt slkshguta ak ibxar el hlta vars 401+ Ak aiiat% aeea saonea ha paupgstârbaura ê el râvgeta ha Ibrous+ Qka bksdrbptbgk oâtrbquasur ogslçqua% trguvâa ak oíoa taops at ê døtâ% sa rlppgrta ê

el râplrltbgk h'uk nlptbstæra lpræs el hâilbta h'uk ranaeea

Shgobtg vbrtuta ranaeeby + << s'l`bt prgnlneaoakt has hâvlstl/tbgks dgoobsas hlks datta râ`bgk plr Ibrous% leebâ has Hgkl/tbstas+ Tb e'bktarprâtltbgk ast musta% e'bksdrbptbgk `rlvâa sur ea

ebktalu ha Xb`lvl sarlbt uka prgtastltbgk hbradta dgktra eas

vbgeakdas has sdfbsoltbquas% dgopebdas hu ranaeea+

Ak Zrgdgksuelbra% at surtgut ak Kuobhba% gk l raeavâ haslddeloltbgks hu oíoa àkra sur has irlòakts h'lrdfbtadtura+

Qka pbarra ha Oltaur% lrdfbtrlva gu ebktalu% prâsakta e'bksdrbp/

tbgk subvlkta lu/hassgus h'uka pleoa = « Zlx Hab Zl rbs- ³+

Hlks el râ`bgk ha Xfavasta% qub iut egk`taops uk has daktrasha râsbstlkda hu Hgkltbsoa% gk vbakt ha sb`klear uka sârba ha

ogkuoakts gò raplrlët% dgooa uk rairlbk% e'âegà ha el plbx =

« Fbd plx bk Hag ³% ê Fakdfbr Xgutl% hlks eas rubkas h'ukanlsbebqua% sur uk ogktlkt ha pgrta qub ast grkâ h'uk ogkg/`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak lddgstâ ha e'l at ha e'w 0

3 « Zlx Hab

<" D+ B+ ++% YBBB% 20:6+

>" Bnbh+% YBBB% 20<>+4" Bnbh+% YBBB% 20<:+8" Bnbh+% YBBB% <:2803 ><8'F+

1" D+ + +++ Obe% <:2893 ><820+

9" Bnbh+% YBBB% <><8+

0" âduabe ha Dgks lkebka% t+

&<2:6"% p+ ><9+

VEBB





81> EA HGKLXBTOA

ibk% hlks eaurs dgkdbeas gu eaurs dgkiârakdas% hlks eaurs

guvrlàs pgeâobquas+ Eas pbarras ka igkt qua kgus râpâtar da

qua dflqua mgur aeeas aktakhlbakt hbra lux fgooas+ D'astpgurtlkt uka surprbsa âtrlkà ha rakdgktrar lumgurh'fub hlkshas dflops ha rubkas% plrigbs hlks has râ`bgks dgopeætaoakthâsartas% sur has ebktalux ha pgrta gu lutras hânrbs ha nlsbebquas%

eas lrùoakts% eas igroueas at eas dbtltbgks nbnebquas% qua sa

elkàlbakt outuaeeaoakt ê el títa Luùstbk at eas Hgkltbstas+

Tur eas pbarras ha eaurs âèbsas% dgooa hlks eas trlbtâs haZatbeblkus gu eas eattras ha @luhaktbus% eas sdfbsoltbquas prg/

tastakt dgktra el parsâdutbgk at bkvgquakt dgktra eaurs akkaobsea sadgurs ha Hbau+ Tur h'lutras pbarras% dgooa hlks eas

guvrlàs pgeâobquas gu eas eattras h'Luùstbk% eas Dltfgebquasmustbibakt eas egbs ha râprassbgk at e'aopegb ha el igrda plr el

kâdassbtâ ha râtlnebr el plbx raeb`bausa at e'ukbtâ+ Mlolbs gk k'l

tlkt plreâ ha plbx at h'ukbtâ qu'ak das taops ha ùarra at haeuttas bktastbkas+

H'lutras hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas vbsakt eas prbkdbpasoíoas ha el hgdtrbka at ha el hbsdbpebka hgkltbstas+ Gk slbt quaeas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks dgksbhârlbakt eaurs lhvarslbrasdgooa has bkhb`kas+ Bes prâtakhlbakt qua eas Dltfgebquass'âtlbakt sgubeeâs ê mlolbs ak ebvrlkt eas Adrbturas pakhlkt el

parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% gu ak sa sgebhlrbslkt lvad eas

trlëtras% gu ak lddaptlkt eaur fârbtlà = sauea% e'Âèbsa haHgklt âtlbt rastâa pura+ Eas hbssbhakts drgylbakt hgkd hâtakbrea ogkgpgea ha el puratâ3 datta bhâa ast e'uk has tfæoas ilvgrbs

ha eaurs pgeâobstas% uk tfæoa qub eaur l vleu nbak has rlbeea/

rbas ha el plrt h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk'+ Bdb akdgra% e'âpb`rlpfbalirbdlbka kgus paroat ha slbsbr sur ea vbi datta âtrlkà prâtak/

tbgk+ Gk l trguvâ ê Fakdfbr Ae/@ubs &lu T+/A+ ha Xanassl"% hlkseas rubkas h'uka dflpaeea% uka pbarra egkùa ha haux oætras%pbebar gu ogktlkt ha pgrta+ Ak flut% hlks uk dlhra dlrrâ qub

gddupa tguta el elràur ha el pbarra% ast sdueptâ uk `rlkhogkg`rlooa dgkstlkebkbak lddgstâ ha e'l at ha e'l"+ Lu/hassgus%ak sbx eb`kas% e'bksdrbptbgk subvlkta = « Lhiartd Hgo&bkg" ouk/huo sldrbibdbuo% lhiarta H&g"o&bkg" plerbla àktbuo- ³ H'lpræsel igroa hu dfrbsoa% datta bksdrbptbgk hlta haeê ibk hu bv sbædea

gu hu dgooakdaoakt hu v % hgkd hu taops h'Luùstbk ae hasas pgeâobquas dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ L praobæra vua% aeea k'ast

qu'uka raprghudtbgk lssaz ebnra ha haux varsats h'uk Zsluoa-+

<" Gptît% BB% >:3 BBB+ <:3Y% 8/03 Luùs/ > D+ B+ ++% YBBB% <:9tbk% Dgktrl ebetarls Zaebeblkb% B% <% >3 >% 4" Zsleo+ 21% 0/T+

3t3 8% 13 BB% >% 13 4% 03 8+ 23 1%<<3 atd+



HGDQOAKXTÂZB@^LZBF\QAT 814

Olbs aeea dgktbakt uk ogt qub lddusa kattaoakt uka bktaktbgksadtlbra = uk ogt hgkt e'âqubvleakt ka sa trguva kb hlks ea

`rad kb hlks el Yue`lta+ Da ogt ka ibùrlbt pls kgk peus hlkseas taxtas nbnebquas lirbdlbks3 be ast bkdgkku ha Xartueebak% qubdbta das varsats <

+ D'ast ea ogt obohuo% qub sb`kbiba « pur ³+ Grda ogt% dgooa e'bhâa% ast hgkltbsta 3 hlks e'Lirbqua ha da

taops% be ast axdeusbvaoakt hgkltbsta+ D'ast prâdbsâoakt e'uk

has pgbkts sur easquaes pgrtlbakt eas dgktrgvarsas aktra eas hauxplrtbs+ Tubvlkt eas Dltfgebquas% tgut sldraoakt âtlbt vlelnea%

s'be âtlbt dgkiârâ râùebæraoakt% oíoa plr uk prítra bkhb`ka+

Tubvlkt eas Hgkltbstas% lu dgktrlbra% el vlebhbtâ hu sldraoakthâpakhlbt ha el « puratâ ³ ha e'giibdblkt+ Zgur axprboar datta

bhâa% bes aopegylbakt mustaoakt eas ogts oukhus% oukhbtbl%qub âtlbakt pgur aux has taroas tadfkbquas >

+ Be y l hgkd% hlksel dbtltbgk nbnebqua hu ogkuoakt h'Fakdfbr Ae/Dubs% uka bktar/

pgeltbgk sadtlbra+ Datta bktarpgeltbgk% dgktaopgrlbka has pgeâ/

obquas h'Luùstbk dgktra ea sdfbsoa% ast e'Ŕuvra h'uk Hgkl/tbsta

% prasqua sóraoakt h'uk deard% nbak lu dgurlkt hasdgktrgvarsas ha sgk plrtb+

Gk dgkklët lussb e'grùabe has hbssbhakts lirbdlbks% qub

s'lppaelbakt aux/oíoas Tlkdtb% eas « Tlbkts ³+ Datta prâtaktbgksurpraklkta eaur l lttbrâ eas slrdlsoas h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk 4

+

Gr% da tbtra ha Tlkdtb sa ratrguva akdgra sur has ogkuoaktshu plys+ Kgus ka plregks pls% nbak aktakhu% has bkkgonrlneasbksdrbptbgks gò ea ogt slkdtbts ast sbopeaoakt ea qulebibdltbi

h'uk slbkt% h'uk olrtyr gu h'uk âvíqua3 olbs ha dartlbks hgdu/oakts% h'bkspbrltbgk sadtlbra% gò ea tbtra ha Tlkdtb ast uk tbtra

dgeeadtbi at axdeusbi% hâsb`klkt tgus eas ibhæeas h'uka Âèbsaqub ast sóraoakt e'Âèbsa hgkltbsta+ L Fakdfbr Ae/Gèl &uk paulu Tuh h'Fakdfbr Ae/Lhmahm at lu Tuh/Guast ha Xanassl"% gkvbakt ha sb`klear eas rastas h'uka nlsbebqua+ E'lrd trbgopfleha e'lnsbha âtlbt hâdgrâ h'uka ùbrelkha ha vb`ka sdueptâa+

Tur el deai ha dat lrd% lu/hassus at lu/hassgus h'uk dardea

gò sa hassbka uka drgbx ogkg`rlbkoltbqua lddgstâa ha e'l at

ha e'w% gk ebt e'bksdrbptbgk subvlkta = « Tlkdtgvuo sahas+

Hkou&s" Hgobkb% qub pura patbtl &ld"dbpbt'³+

Hlks el igrouea<" Xartueebak% Lhvarsus Muhlags% 1+ kad vastrl oukhlour+++ ekdartl arbt

>" Zlr axaopea% Zatbeblkus ha Dgkselktbka lddbpbakebs oukhlebg ³ &bnbh+% BB% >% 1 3

hbslbt has Dltfgebquas% lu hânut hu `rlkh 4% 0"+

plopfeat hbrb`â dgktra aux = « \ubnus aqub/ 4" Gptît% BB% < 3 BB% <8 at >: 3 Luùstbk%

hao gnsdakbs sgrhas aukdtla oukhbgras Dgktrl ebtearls e'aebeblkb% BB% >:%883 86%

sukt% qugs parvarsl oukhbtbl lqul sul <<</<<>3 atd+ ‘ Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB%

dgktb`bt bkqubklrb ³ &Luùstbk % Dgktrl >16+

ebtearls Zatbeblkb% F% >% 8"+ Luùstbk 8" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%râpgkh = « Kad lqul kgserl bkqubklour% <2:2% p+ ><<+



818 EA HGKLXBTOA

bkbtblea% eas ogts Tlkdtgruo sahas% aopegyâs saues% slks

kgos ha olrtyrs% ka pauvakt hâsb`kar eas « slbkts ³ lu saks

grhbklbra at dltfgebqua hu taroa+Be

s'l`bt dartlbkaoakt has« Tlbkts ³ saegk el hgdtrbka sadtlbra% d'ast/ê/hbra has ibhæeas

ha e'Âèbsa hgkltbsta+ El ibk ha e'bksdrbptbgk dgkibroa peabka/

oakt datta bktarprâtltbgk = ea pura patbtl% âqubvleakt hu ouk/huo h'Fakdfbr Ae/Dubs% ast akdgra e'axprassbgk sadtlbra ha da

prbkdbpa axdeusbi ha puratâ hgkt eas sdfbsoltbquas s'lttrb/

nulbakt ea prbvbeæà+

Da k'ast pls% h'lbeeaurs% ea saue ogkuoakt gò eas Hgkltbstas

sgbakt lppaeâs Tlkdtb+ L Fakdfbr Guo/Cbi &Dahbls% lu T+/A+ haOlsduel"% gk l trguvâ râdaooakt uka pbarra% qub l âtâ utbebsâa

peus tlrh dgooa dguvardea ha slrdgpflà% olbs qub prbobtbva/

oakt havlbt ítra peldâa præs ha el pgrta h'uk slkdtulbra+ Gk yebt datta durbausa bksdrbptbgk = « SF_lad ildbebs pleat lbhl Tlkdtbs+

SBk_`rahbaks ilnra ildtbgk plrvbs Sg_pbnus vbd anbs gpus+ Mlopltar STa_dukhus gparlo klvlvbt+ Tb qubSs il_dtu ildbea putlrbt%

Ssb_ pgebs ast% oaebSus_ ilxbt <³+ D'ast el hâhbdlda h'uk slkdtulbra

dfrâtbak plr uk âvíqua kgooâ Tadukhus+ Ea ogt lbhl hâsb`ka

e'ltrbuo% el dgur loâkl`âa havlkt el nlsbebqua% gu e'âhbibda

tgut aktbar+ Ea hânut ha e'bksdrbptbgk sb`kbiba hgkd = « Datta

âèbsa ast guvarta lux Tlbkts ³% at% plr subta% iaroâa lux prg/ilkas+ Das « Tlbkts ³ ka pauvakt ítra eas Dltfgebquas% qub k'gktmlolbs prâtakhu ê da tbtra grùabeeaux% at qub lu dgktrlbra% suruk lutra ogkuoakt ha el oíoa dbtâ% s'bktbtueakt fuoneaoakteas « pâdfaurs ha Dahbls ³ &Dahbaksas paddlegras"U Das « Tlbkts ³

h'Fakdfbr Guo/Cbi% dgooa eas « Tlbkts ³ h'Fakdfbr Ae/Gèl%

da sgkt eas ibhæeas hae'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% eas

Hgkltbstas+ ^lppa/egks qu'gk l hâdguvart hlks eas rubkas ha Dahbls uk pbebar

sdueptâ lvad e'lddeloltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas Hag eluhas-+

Kgtgks akdgra qu'lu hânut hu v. sbædea% h'lpræs uk prgdæs/varnle giibdbae% be y lvlbt ê Dahbls uk âvíqua hgkltbsta% kgooâIgrtbs% olbs pls h'âvíqua dltfgebqua 8

+ Eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt

hgkd olëtras hlks datta vbeea3 da qub axpebqua e'lrrg`lkda ha el

hâhbdlda peldâa sur el ilàlha ha eaur nlsbebqua+

Das « Tlbkts ³% das « Zurs ³ ha e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta% prâtak/hlbakt klturaeeaoakt ítra eas saues « Mustas ³ &Museb"% lu saksnbnebqua hu ogt'+ Lussb lbolbakt/bes ê raprghubra hlks eaursslkdtulbras eas varsats ha e'Adrbtura qub axletakt eas « Mustas ³+

<" @saee% Nuee% lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has 8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <94+

trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:0% p+ dexxxvb+ 1" Luùstbk% Apbse+ <61% 2% 40/46=>" D+ B+ E/% Obe% >4:23 <0012+ Dgktrl ebetarls Zatbeblkb% BB% 9:% <8034" enbh+% Obe% >>>4+ 90% <82/<1:= atd+




Zlrigbs% bes k'fâsbtlbakt pls ê oghbibar ea saks h'uk taxta sldrâ

pgur ea rloakar ê eaur hgdtrbka+ Ak vgbdb uk durbaux axaopea+

Gk l hâdguvart ê Dgkstlktbka uka naeea ogslçqua% prgnlneaoakthu bv a sbædea% qub plrlët lvgbr âtâ akdlstrâa hlks ea plvaoakth'uka dflpaeea+ Aeea l el igroa h'uk `rlkh dlhra dlrrâ% hgkt el

ngrhura ast grkâa h'uka tgrslha+ Bktârbauraoakt s'âplkgubt ukarbdfa hâdgrltbgk ha iaubeelàs% hgkt eas tbàs sgrtakt ha qultra

vlsas hbspgsâs lux qultra lkèas+ Lu obebau hu `rlkh dlhra%

uka elrà dgurgkka ouetbdgegra+ Lu daktra ha el dgurgkka%aktra haux gbsalux at haux rloalux% uk patbt dlhra radtlkù/elbra qub akvaegppa datta bksdrbptbgk = « Mustus sbnb eax ast ³'+

D'ast uka leeusbgk âvbhakta ê uk plsslà ha slbkt Zlue = « Bpsb

sbnb sukt eax ³>

+ Olbs el igrouea ka paut lvgbr bdb ea oíoa saks

qua hlks RApëera lux ^golbks+ Ak aiiat% hlks ea plsslà akquastbgk% slbkt Zlue axpebqua qua eas plçaks fgkkítas ka pauvaktítra sluvâs% plrda qu'bes sgkt « ê aux/oíoas eaur egb ³+ Be ast

bklhobssbnea qua% hlks uka âèbsa dfrâtbakka% gk lbt vgueu prg/

tastar dgktra el hgdtrbka ha slbkt Zlue% at prgoattra ea sleut

lux plçaks fgkkítas+ Hgkd% el igrouea l bdb uka lutra sb`kbib/

dltbgk+ Gk l lmgutâ ea ogt mustus% qub ka ibùra kb hlks el Yue`îta kb hlks eas vbaux taxtas lirbdlbks% at e'gk l mguâ sur ea saks

hu ogt = ê e'bhâa hu plçak musta% gk l sunstbtuâ e'bhâa hu musta

havlkt Hbau% qub ast ê eub/oíoa sl egb+ Gr d'ast eê uka bhâa

dgktrlbra ê el hgdtrbka dltfgebqua% at plrtbduebæra lux Hgkltbstas =

datta bktarprâtltbgk sadtlbra hu ogt ha slbkt Zlue âqubvlut ê el

ègrbibdltbgk hu Musta saegk Hgklt+Ygbdb akdgra has bksdrbptbgks gò s'âtlea datta klçva prâtak/

tbgk has sdfbsoltbquas+ L Fakdfbr Ae/@uassarbl &lu K+/G+ ha

Nltkl"% gk ebslbt sur uk ogktlkt ha pgrta% ê el ilàlha ha e'âèbsa =

« F&l"ad pgrtl HgobSk_b+ Mustb bktrlnukt ³ 4+ Da varsat k'l pu ítra

`rlvâ plr eas Dltfgebquas% qub ka prâtakhlbakt pls ka dgoptarplrob aux qua has Mustas+ Lu dgktrlbra% be trlhubt axldtaoakte'bhâa hgkltbsta = saues% eas ibhæeas hu plrtb ha Hgklt% d'ast/ê/hbra

eas « Mustas ³% lvlbakt ea hrgbt h'aktrar hlks eas âèbsas sdfbs/

oltbquas+ Ea tlbeegbr h'uk dflpbtalu% hlks uka dflpaeea ha Xgd/

qua vbeea &Xfloleeuel"% prâsakta datta bksdrbptbgk = « E&l"atl/

obkb Hgobkg at axuetSl_ta% mustb% at ègrbaour gokas radtb dgrha

+

Ngkg qub bsdrbnsbt, Y D'ast akdgra uk varsat has Zsluoas U Olbs

ea taxta lutfaktbqua hgkka el eaàgk ègrblobkb+ L el sadgkha

<" D+ + E+% Yebe% 02>>+ 8" @saee% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has

>" Tlbkt Zlue% ^golk+% BB% <8+ trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:6% p+ ddxvb+

4" D+ + E+% YBBB% <:6943 <611>+ Di+ 1" Zsleo+ 4<% F+Zslfk+ <<0% >:+



819 EA HGKLXBTOA

parsgkka &ègrblobkb" % ea `rlvaur lirbdlbk% gu peutøt ea deard

qub ùbhlbt sl olbk% l sunstbtuâ el praobæra parsgkka &ègrba/

our"+ Hgkd% be lppebqulbt ea varsat ê eub oíoa at lux sbaks = akvrlb Hgkltbsta% be sa oattlbt lu kgonra has Mustas+ At be plrlët

akdflktâ ha sl vlrblkta = Ngkg qub sdrbpsbt,

Taegk tguta vrlbsaonelkda% gk hgbt akdgra lttrbnuar lux sdfbs/

oltbquas lirbdlbks el peuplrthas hgduoakts dfrâtbaks ha el dgk/trâa gò ibùra el igrouea Ngkbs naka+ Datta igrouea âtlbt h'grb/

`bka plçakka3 olbs aeea lvlbt âtâ lhgptâa plr eas dfrâtbaks%

surtgut plr eas hbssbhakts% hgkt aeea trlhubslbt nbak eas prâtaktbgksbktrlksbàlktas+ Aeea âtlbt h'uslà dgurlkt lu BY sbædea% dgooaea prguvakt eas kgonraux ogkuoakts gò aeea ast lddgopl`kâahu ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak+ Gk el rakdgktra% plr axaopea% êFakdfbr @uassæs &præs Xbo`lh"% sur uk dflpbtalu dfrâtbak'3 ê

Fakdfbr Daçhrl &lu Tuh/Ast haXanassl% præs ha el irgktbæra tukb/

sbakka' <

% sur uk ebktalu ha pgrta 43 ê Fakdfbr Tbhb Ae/Flhm &Lqula

Farduebs"% sur uka pbarra grkâa h'uka drgbx ogkg`rlooltbquahlks uk dardea 4

+ Tguvakt% ea Ngkbs naka ast lssgdbâ ê h'lutrasigroueas+ Ak vgbdb has axaopeas = « Ybr`bkuo dlkd&aeeb"+ N&gkbs"

n{ak"a ³% sur uka nleustrlha qub olrqulbt el pelda has vbaràssldrâas hlks el nlsbebqua h'Lbk Tilr &aktra Cfakdfael at LbkNaçhl" 8

3 « L&hmuvl" k&gs"+ N&gkbs" n&aka" ³% lvad uka drgbx at ukahâhbdlda% sur uk ebktalu ha pgrta h'Fakdfbr âhbr Ae/Irls &luT+/G+ ha Xanassl" n

3 « N&gkbs" n&aka"+ &F"gd urud&a"u&o" Xb&narbus"

Igrtukltus iadbt ³% lvad haux ogkg`rlooas dgkstlktbkbaks%sur uk nâkbtbar ha Xbo`lh 9

+ Be ast træs prgnlnea qua das hbvarsogkuoakts sgkt hgkltbstas+ Ak tgut dls% kgus lvgks el prauvaqua el igrouea N&gkbs" n&aka" âtlbt ilobebæra lux hbssbhaktslirbdlbks+ Aeea ibùra ak tæta ha e'âpbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr% qubplrlët hgkltbsta% hu taops h'Luùstbk 0

+ At sur el deai h'lrdh'uka nlsbebqua h'Fakdfbr ^gu/Tlçh% gò aeea akdlhra uk ogkg/`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak% aeea prâdæha booâhbltaoakt el havbsahas sdfbsoltbquas = « N&gkbs" n&aka"+ Hag eluhas ³ 6

+ E'aopegb hadaeea nræva igrouea âtlbt% pgur eas hbssbhakts% uka lutra ilàgkh'liibroar qu'bes âtlbakt eas saues Mustas% at qua% saues% bes lvlbakthrgbt ê el prgtadtbgk hbvbka+

Ak ilda ha das prâtaktbgks axtrlvl`lktas ha eaurs lhvarslbra/%

<" D+ <+ E+% OQ% <06<:+ n" Mbleeu% Nuee+ lrdc+ hu Dgobtâ has>" âduabe ha Dgkseukebka% t+ VE<B trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:0% p+ DEVVVYee

&<2:6"% p+ >4:+ at >00++b" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% >82>+ 0" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% <:24>3 >G86:+8" Bnbh+% YBBB% <0T:<+ 6" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irukda%

1" âduabe ha Dgkselktbka% t+ VEBB <2:2% p+ ><:+&<2:6"% p+ >>4+




eas Dltfgebquas lvlbakt el plrtba naeea+ Yguâs gu dgkhlokâs ê

el oghastba plr eaur hgdtrbka oíoa% bes ka sa drgylbakt kb

« mustas ³% kb « slbkts ³% kb « purs ³ '+ Lux grùabeeausas prgdel/

oltbgks has hbssbhakts% bes râpgkhlbakt hlks eaurs nlsbebquas

plr ha tgudflktas prgiassbgks h'fuobebtâ% plr has leeusbgks luxpâdfaurs% ê el ilbneassa ha e'fgooa% ê el kâdassbtâ ha el pâkb/

takda+ Zeusbaurs bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas saoneakt e'âdfg hasplrgeas h'Luùstbk% qub% hlks tgus sasguvrlàs dgktra easdfbsoa%gppgsa brgkbquaoakt el oghastba has Dltfgebquas ê el prâsgop/tbgk has Hgkltbstas+ Kgus lvgks vu qu'ê Dahbls% sur el ilàlha

h'uka nlsbebqua has hbssbhakts% uka hâhbdlda lvartbsslbt eas prg/ilkas qua e'lddæs hu slkdtulbra âtlbt râsarvâ lux « Tlbkts ³' =

hlks uka lutra hâhbdlda% qub l âtâ trguvâa sur ea tarrbtgbra ha el

oíoa dbtâ% at qub havlbt ítra peldâa ê e'aktrâa h'uka âèbsa hae'lutra plrtb % has Dltfgebquas s'bktbtuelbakt fuoneaoakt« pâdfaurs ha Dahbls ³+ Ygbdb da durbaux hgduoakt% qub saoneadgktaopgrlbk ha e'lutra = « e&k" k&gobka" Zltrb&s" Hgobkb Hab%

qub ast Tarogka% Hgkltus at Klvb`bus iadakbke% Dahbaksas padcl/tgras ³ 4

+ Eas hâhbdlkts âtlbakt paut/ítra has Hgkltbstas dgkvartbs%

hâsbraux ha prguvar el sbkdârbtâ ha eaur dgkvarsbgk ak râpuhblkteas prâtaktbgks ha eaurs lkdbaks lobs+ Tur uk irlòakt h'lrdfb/

trlva gu ha ebktalu% qub l âtâ hâdguvart hlks eas rubkas h'LçkTa`lr &lu T+/G+ ha Xanassl"% at qub surogktlbt el pgrta h'ukadflpaeea ha slbkt% gk ebt datta bksdrbptbgk = « &F"bd sahas slkdeb+++

&F"bd radbsbg dlbts&l"a Spaddltgruo_+ SF"bdbk Drbstg iegralt+++"" '+ Eligrouea hu obebau ast uka leeusbgk lu sldraoakt ha el pâkbtakdaat ê e'lnsgeutbgk has pâdfâs3 d'ast slks hguta uka prgtastltbgk

dgktra e'bktrlksbàlkda has Hgkltbstas% qub prâtakhlbakt ka plsdgoptar plrob aux ha pâdfaurs+ Hlks el oíoa râ`bgk% ê CslrGueah/]bh% gk vbakt ha sb`klear uk ebktalu ha pgrta% qub âtlbt

âvbhaooakt peldâ lu/hassus ha e'aktrâa h'uka nlsbebqua% at gòast raprghubt uk varsat nbnebqua 1 lvad uka lhhbtbgk træs sb`kb/

ibdltbva = « SZatbta_% at hlnbtur &v"gnbs3 qu&l"arbta% at bk{v"akbatbs+

SAst lpUartl hgol&s" Dfr&bstb" pubslkta p&g"p&u"eg% axpadelkspgktbibduo s&l"d&a"rh&g"t&u"o p&radas" prg haebdtl pgpueb ³

@+ Eas

harkbars ogts igkt akdgra leeusbgk ê el pâkbtakda% at paut/ítra êel dgkvarsbgk has sdfbsoltbquas+ D'ast uk âdfg has pgeâobquash'Gptlt gu h'Luùstbk+

Dgooa gk ea vgbt plr das bksdrbptbgks raeltbvas lu sldraoakt

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <61% 2% 463 atd+ 8" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% <:0:<3 <09<0+

>" @saee% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has 1" Oltfbau% YBB% 03 Eud% VB% 2+

trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:0% p+ dexxxvb+ 9" Ibuee+ has Lktbqulbras ha Irdktda%

4" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% >4:23 <0012+ <2:2% p+ >::+



816 EA HGKLXBTOA

ha el pâkbtakda% el ebtur`ba dltfgebqua hu bv a at hu Y sbædea l

elbssâ has trldas hlks e'âpb`rlpfba lirbdlbka+ Be ak ast ha oíoapgur el ebtur`ba hgkltbsta+ Gnstbkâoakt dgksarvltaurs% eas sdfbs/

oltbquas dâeânrlbakt eas iítas qub lvlbakt âtâ ak uslà hlkse'Âèbsa egdlea lvlkt el ruptura ha 4<>% olbs ramatlbakt tgutas

eas bkkgvltbgks pgstârbauras = plr axaopea% bes dâeânrlbakt el

Kgãe subvlkt el trlhbtbgk lirbdlbka% olbs rapgusslbakt e'Apbpfl/

kba% iíta h'grb`bka `radqua% qub lvlbt â`leaoakt pgur gnmat hadgooâograr el klbsslkda hu Dfrbst% at qub lvlbt âtâ lhobsa plreas Dltfgebquas hu plys lu dgurs hu bv a sbædea <

+ Gr% e'gk l trguvâê Tâtbi e'bksdrbptbgk subvlkta = « Kltlea Hgobkb Drbstb YBBB Cl/&eakhls" Blkulrbls ³-+ Datta oaktbgk âpb`rlpfbqua sarlbt gbsausa%

at oíoa lnsurha% ha el plrt has Dltfgebquas% qub lurlbakt lbksb

plru rakbar e'Apbpflkba+ Lu dgktrlbra% aeea ast tguta klturaeea%

vaklkt ha Hgkltbstas% at prakh oíoa ak da dls uka vleaur pgeâ/

obqua = d'ast uka prgtastltbgk dgktra uka bkkgvltbgk dltfg/

ebqua+

El quastbgk hu nlptíoa% qub hgkkl ebau ê h'bkdasslktas dgk/trgvarsas aktra eas haux plrtbs% ast vbsâa hlks h'lutras hgdu/

oakts âpb`rlpfbquas+ L Tbeeæùa &Kgvlr+++"% gk ebslbt sur uk ebk/talu ha pgrta% ê e'aktrâa h'uk nlptbstæra hgkltbsta = « Hag eluhas

supar l`btls l KgSvlraksbnuse +++_ ³ 4= ak `rlvlkt lbksb eaur Hag

eluhas sur el ilàlha h'uk nlptbstæra% eas hbssbhakts liibrolbakt

eaur prâtaktbgk lu ogkgpgea axdeusbi hu nlptíoa+ Ha eaur døtâ%

eas Dltfgebquas drbtbqulbakt vbvaoakt el tfæsa hgkltbsta% qub%

hlks el prltbqua% aktrlëklbt ê dgkiârar uka sadgkha igbs ea nlp/tíoa lu ibhæea sâhubt plr e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua 3 bes hâogktrlbakthgkd qua da sldraoakt havlbt ítra hgkkâ uka sauea igbs+ Gr% hlkseas bksdrbptbgks oâtrbquas h uk nlptbstæra ha Dlrtflà gu has

akvbrgks% gk raeæva das vars sb`kbibdltbis =

« Taopar akbo vbvbt% quao saoae ukhl elvît +++

« Bhqua saoae ildtuo sbt tbnb parpatuuo ³-+

Das vars râsuoakt kattaoakt el tfâgrba dltfgebqua% at dgk/hlokakt bopebdbtaoakt el prltbqua hu sadgkh nlptíoa+ Ybsakt/bes eas Hgkltbstas7 D'ast pgssbnea% olbs kgk dartlbk+ Bes pauvakt

ítra hbrb`âs dgktra eas Lrbaks h'Lirbqua% qub ranlptbslbakt â`leaoakt eaurs prgsâeytas+ Bes sgkt e'Ŕuvra hu `rloolbrbak Dlenueus%qub vbvlbt prgnlneaoakt sgus el hgobkltbgk has rgbs vlkhleas+Gu paut suppgsar% h'lbeeaurs% qua datta liibroltbgk ha el tfæsa

U" Luùstbk% Taro+ >:>% > &Bk Apbpflkbl 4" D+ B+ ++% Yeee% >:86>+Hgobkb"+ 8" Ha ^gssb% Bksdrbpt% dfrbst+% t+ Be%

>" D+ + £+% Yeee% 69>6+ p+ >8:% k+ 8 = L% 8 3 D% >+




dltfgebqua vbslbt tgus eas lhaptas hu sadgkh nlptíoa% Lrbaks guHgkltbstas+

Dltfgebquas at hbssbhakts sa raprgdflbakt outuaeeaoakt eaursvbgeakdas+ Qka âpbtlpfa oâtrbqua oat ak dlusa eas Hgkltbstas%qub lvlbakt tuâ uk hbldra kuobha% kgooâ Klngr =

« Hgkltbstlruo druhaeb dlaha paraoptuo+++ ³-+

Qka durbausa dflrta elpbhlbra% qub l âtâ trguvâa ê Clbrgulk%at qub dgkibrolbt eas prbvbeæàs h'uk ogklstæra ha Tlbkt Atbakka%dgktaklbt paut/ítra uka leeusbgk lux oâilbts has Hgkltbstas =

«+++ assa bkbqubtltbnus lebakuo vSae sldrbea`bbs qula ln Lrblkgrbkkvae Hgkltbst_lruo obkbserbs lhsgeakt ibarb+++ ³

>+ L e'lutra ngut

ha e'Lirbqua% præs ha el irgktbæra ha Xbk`btlka% ê Nakblk &LelObeblrbl"% hlks e'âpbtlpfa h'uka ha eaurs olrtyras% ak 848% eas

Hgkltbstas lddusakt kattaoakt eas « trlhbtaurs ³ d'ast/ê/hbra eas

Dltfgebquas% h'ítra eas lutaurs hu oaurtra = « D&h"aha trlhbtSg/

ruo_ vaxltl% oarubt hb`kbtlta&o" ol7Fbrb&b" ³ 4+

Qk lutra `rbai has sdfbsoltbquas% d'âtlbt el dgkibsdltbgkpârbghbqua ha eaurs âèbsas3 at kgus slvgks plr nbak has tâogb/

`klàs qua da `rbai âtlbt igkhâ+ Qk hgduoakt âpb`rlpfbquah'Lbk @fgrln &lu Tuh/Guast ha Xanassl" plrlët oaktbgkkaruka dgkibsdltbgk ha da àkra+ Gk l hâdguvart hlks datta egdlebtâ

el hâhbdlda oâtrbqua h'uk slkdtulbra has Lpøtras slbkt Zbarraat slbkt Zlue+ Datta hâhbdlda% `rlvâa sur haux delvalux qublpplrtaklbakt slks hguta ê e'lrdlha ha e'lnsbha% dgkdarka el

rastlurltbgk ha e'âhbibda plr ea prítra Zrgnlktbus+ D'ast% ak`rlkha plrtba% el raprghudtbgk h'uka hâhbdlda rgolbka ha

Tlbkt/Zbarra/lux/Ebaks8

+ Olbs% sur ea delvalu ha hrgbta h'Lbk@fgrln% dflduk has trgbs vars ast subvb h'uka drgbx at h'ukirlòakt h'bksdrbptbgk.+ Tb e'gk rlttldfa e'uk ê e'lutra das trgbs

irlòakts% gk ebt = « +Adeasbl Hgkltbst+++ ³3 da qub paut s'bktar/

prâtar = « Aadeasbl HgkltbsbSlkbo rastbtutl_ ³% gu quaequadfgsa h'lpprgdflkt+ Be s'l`brlbt hgkd h'uka nlsbebqua raprbsalux Hgkltbstas+

Akibk% eas haux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas% prâtakhlkt e'uka at e'lutraítra el sauea Âèbsa dltfgebqua% k'gkt dassâ ha sgutakbr plrtgus eas ogyaks eaurs prâtaktbgks rbvleas + L Xbplsl ha Olurâ/

<" Ha ^g)sb%Mksdrbpt+ dfrbst+% t+ Be% p+ 89<% Bksdrbpt% dfrbst+% t+ BB% p+ <<: at <48+<+ <+ 1" @+ B+ E+% YBBB% <:0:0/<:0:63 <09<1+

>" Hbafe% @+ ^+ ha e'Ldlh+ has eus/ 9" Ldtl pur`ltbgkbs Ia bdbs% p+ <26drbpt % <628% p+ 468% <+ 1/9+ ]bwsl3 Ldtl Tleurkbkb% <9 at >: Nleuza3

4" @saee% Igubeeas ha Nakblk% Zlrbs% Zltsbg Hgkltb% 4 3 Gptît% BB% < at subv+3

<622% p+ >1+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% >3 24% 6% >83 Nravbd+8" Ha ^gssb% Nuee% drbst+% <606% p+ <83 Dgeeît+% BBB% 4% 43 8% 13 atd+





HGDQOAKXTÂZe@^LZFX\QAT 89<

BBB

Zlrt hu Hgkltbsoa hlks e'âpb`rlpfba olrtyrgeg`bqua lirbdlbka+ ‘ Xfâgrba hassdfbsoltbquas sur el prââobkakda hu olrtyra+ ‘ Xâogb`klàs âpb`rlpfbquas+‘ Zrgtastltbgks has Dltfgebquas dgktra datta tfâgrba axdeusbva+ ‘ Ogkuoaktsâeavâs ê has olrtyrs dgoouks lux haux Aèbsas+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgks ha Kuobhba ake'fgkkaur h'Aoarbtus+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbis lux olrtyrs hgkltbstas prgpraoakthbts+ ‘ Olrtyrs ha 4<0 ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Olrtyrs kuobhas% vars 48:+ ‘ Xgonaluha Olrdueus ê Kgvl Zatrl+ ‘ Apbtlpfa ha ^gnnl% olrtyra hgkltbsta h'LBl Obebl/

rbl ak 848+ ‘ Apbtlpfa hu hbldra Klngr+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbis ê h'lutras vbd/tboas has ùarras raeb`bausas+ ‘ Hâhbdlda hu tgonalu at ha el dflpaeea hasolrtyrs ha âkluet% ak 4>2+ ‘ Olrtyrs has akvbrgks ha Xblrat% ak 8::+ ‘ Apb/tlpfa h'uk olrtyr ha Tbeeæùa+ ‘ âebqulbra ha Iaebdblkus+ ‘ Dlkdae h'Fakdfbr/Ngu/Tlçh+

Hlks ea hgolbka ha e'âpb`rlpfba olrtyrgeg`bqua% qub akLirbqua ast sb rbdfa at sb vlrbâa% at hgkt e'bopgrtlkda s'lddrgët

dflqua lkkâa plr ha kguvaeeas hâdguvartas% be ast hbiibdbea haolrquar axldtaoakt el plrt hu Hgkltbsoa+ Ea peus sguvakt%ak prâsakda h'uka bksdrbptbgk lirbdlbka gò ibùrakt has olrtyrs%kgus ka pguvgks hâtarobkar sb ea hgduoakt âolka ha hbssb/

hakts gu ha Dltfgebquas+ Ak aiiat% eas haux Âèbsas fgkgrlbakt

â`leaoakt eas olrtyrs lktârbaurs ê el ruptura ha 4<>% at% peustlrh% aeeas lddgrhlbakt â`leaoakt% ea tbtra ha olrtyr ê daux haeaurs ibhæeas qub lvlbakt suddgonâ hlks eas euttas raeb`bausas3

ha peus% aeeas lvlbakt oíoa ebtur`ba% oøoa igrouelbra+ D'ast

hgkd saueaoakt plr axdaptbgk% h'lpræs quaequa hâtlbe lddas/sgbra gu axtrbksæqua% qu'gk paut radgkklëtra uk olrtyr hgkl/tbsta gu fgkgrâ plr eas Hgkltbstas+ Be k'ak ast pls ogbks træs

prgnlnea% prasqua dartlbk% qua naludgup h'lutras bksdrbptbgksolrtyrgeg`bquas prgvbakkakt h'âèbsas hu plrtb hbssbhakt% at

qua das prâtakhus olrtyrs ha Kuobhba sgkt sguvakt hasolrtyrs sdfbsoltbquas+

Kgtgks/ea h'lngrh = d'ast ak Kuobhba qua e'gk l trguvâ at

qua e'gk trguva akdgra ea peus `rlkh kgonra h'bksdrbptbgksolrtyrgeg`bquas+ Gr% el Kuobhba âtlbt ea daktra hu Hgkltbsoa+Zakhlkt peusbaurs `âkârltbgks% eas hbssbhakts y iurakt luogbks lussb kgonraux qua eas Dltfgebquas 3 h'lpræs hbvars pls/slàs h'Luùstbk at h'lpræs ea prgdæs/varnle ha el Dgkiârakdaha 8<<% gk ast oíoa igkhâ ê drgbra qua% hlks e'aksaonea hael Kuobhba addeâsblstbqua% eas sdfbsoltbquas e'aopgrtlbakt'+Hlks nbak has vbeeas% be k'y lvlbt qu'uk prítra dltfgebqua akilda h'uk âvíqua hgkltbsta >

3 plrigbs% e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta lvlbt

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ <>2% 93 Dgeeît+ <6:3 <6>3 <683 <60/<663 <20/<263 >:</Dlrtfl`+% B% <91+ >:>3 >:83 >:t; 3 >: 6+

>" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <10 3 <943 <093



89> EA H:KLX<TOA

`l`kâ el pgpueltbgk aktbæra <+ L el ibk hu vb a sbædea% hlks dar/

tlbkas plrtbas hu plys% eas Hgkltbstas âtlbakt akdgra lssaz pubs/

slkts pgur parsâdutar eas Dltfgebquas1

3 ê peus igrta rlbsgk akâtlbt/be lbksb lu taops h'Luùstbk gu h'Gptlt'+ El peuplrt hasbksdrbptbgks olrtyrgeg`bquas hâdguvartas ak Kuobhba hltaktprâdbsâoakt hu bv a sbædea gu ha el praobæra ogbtbâ hu v.%

d'ast/ê/hbra ha el pârbgha gò e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua hgobklbtprasqua tguta datta prgvbkda% at% ha eê% rlygkklbt sur eas prg/vbkdas vgbsbkas+ H'lpræs eas egbs ha el stltbstbqua% dgooah'lpræs eas vrlbsaonelkdas fbstgrbquas% uka ngkka ogbtbâ hashgduoakts olrtyrgeg`bquas trguvâs hlks datta râ`bgk% at

hltlkt ha datta pârbgha% havrlbakt ítra lttrbnuâs lux hbssbhakts+

H'lutlkt obaux qua ea dueta has slbkts âtlbt plrtbduebæraoaktak fgkkaur hlks e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua% qub s'lppaelbt aeea oíoa« e'Aèbsa has olrtyrs ³ -+ Zgur eas Hgkltbstas% da dueta k'âtlbt

pls saueaoakt% dgooa pgur eas Dltfgebquas% uk fgoolàrakhu ê e'fârgçsoa has dgkiassaurs3 d'âtlbt akdgra e'uk hasprbkdbpas ha el sadta% at prasqua sl rlbsgk h'ítra% pubsqua ha eê

âtlbakt sgrtbs eas oleaktakhus at el ruptura+ Lussb eas hauxdear`âs rbvlux lvlbakt/bes lhgptâ uka lttbtuha træs hbiiârakta êe'â`lrh has hâvgtbgks at has suparstbtbgks pgpuelbras+ Xlkhbsqua eas âvíquas dltfgebquas ha el dgktrâa% sgudbaux h'âvbtar eas

axdæs% lvlbakt râèaoaktâ sâværaoakt ea dueta has slbkts% at

oíoa% hlks peusbaurs ha eaurs dgkdbeas% s'âtlbakt aiigrdâs ha ea

rastrabkhra ak e'âpurlkt ! eas âvíquas at eas deards hgkltbstas

akdgurlàlbakt da àkra ha hâvgtbgks% elbsslkt tguta ebnartâ luxpbausas ilktlbsbas ha el iguea+ Lu tâogb`klà h'Gptlt at h'Lu/

ùstbk% dgooa has âdrbvlbks sdfbsoltbquas% ea dueta tbds slbktsâtlbt havaku e'uka has prâgddupltbgks prbkdbpleas has ibhæeas

ha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta 6+ Gk fgkgrlbt kgk saueaoakt eas olrtyrs

dâeænras h'lutraigbs% olbs eas bkkgonrlneas olrtyrs hu plrtb+

Dflqua vbeea% dflqua ngur`lha% prâtakhlbt lvgbr sas slbkts ê

<" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >:2% >3 Dgktrl ebt/

tarls Zaebeblkb% <<% 64% <683 Dgeeît+ Dlr/tfl`+% B% <60+

>" @râ`gbra/ea/@rlkh% Apbst+% <%0>3 BY%

4> at 41 = YB% 48 at 9<+4" Gptît% <<<%83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ >4+

9/0 3 88% 8% 2 3 <:1% >% 4 3 <:6% 1% <8 3 <:6%

9%<63 <61% 8%<1/<93 Taro+ 412% 6 3 Aklrr+bk Zsleo+ eu% +b3 <4>% 93 Dgktrl Apbst+

Zlroakblkb% B% <<% <0/<63 Dgktrl ebtta/

rls Zaebeblkb% B% >8% b9 = BB% <8% 443 64%

<683 68% <693 Dgktrl Drdsdgkbuo% BBB%

8>% 893 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+% BBB% F% ></>>3Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% >>% >1= atd+

8" Ldel Tleurkbkb% <2/>: Nleuza+ ‘Di+ Dgeelb+ Dlrtfl`+% BBB% >16+

1" Gptît% B% <9 3 Luùstbk% Taro+ 4<<% 3;3

Dgkibs-+% YB% >3 Dgktrl Ilustuo% VV%

>< 3 Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% d+ > 3

Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ lirbd% +9: at 64+

9" Gptît% <% <93 BBB% 83 BBB% 9 at 63 'ls/

sbt³ Olrdueb% p+ 09: Ob`ka3 Zlssbg Olxb/oblkb at flld% p+ 090 Ob'[ka= Luùstbk%

Apbst% 1>% >3 6''% 43 <61% >% 6 3 >:8% </>3Do brl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 82% 183 Dgktrl@luhaktbuo% <% >6% 4>3 Nravbd+ Dgeeît+%

<<<%6% <4= <<% >4+ ‘ Di+ Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+%BBB+ >16+




aeea+ Nbak has hâvgts rívlbakt pgur aux/oíoas datta ègbra% at%

pgur e'gntakbr% ka raduelbakt pls havlkt ea olrtyra vgegktlbra+Lux fârgs has parsâdutbgks plçakkas s'âtlbakt mgbkts% plr dak/tlbkas at plr obeebars% eas ilkltbquas gu eas lvakturbars qublvlbakt trguvâ el ogrt hlks quaequa nl`lrra% qub sguvakte'lvlbakt dfardfâa ak prgvgqulkt has lhvarslbras gu has pls/slkts bkgtçaksbis% ak sa kgylkt% ak sa nróelkt% ak sa prâdbpbtlkthu flut h'uk rgd <

+ Ak e'fgkkaur ha das olrtyrs ha rakdgktras'âtlbakt âeavâas hlks tguta el Kuobhba% musqua hlks eas dlo/pl`kas at ea egk` has rgutas% el peuplrt ha das nlsbebquas at hadas dflpaeeas% gò e'gk dâeânrlbt râùebæraoakt e'lkkbvarslbrahas slbkts plr has pæearbklàs% has dârâogkbas% has nlkquatsqub prasqua tgumgurs hâ`âkârlbakt ak gr`bas >

+ Lbksb% ea dueta hasolrtyrs% dgkigroa lu prbkdbpa ha el sadta at akdgurl`â plr eas

deards% âtlbt havaku pgur eas hbssbhakts el peus pgpuelbra hasbkstbtutbgks+ Naludgup peus hâvaegppâ qua dfaz eas Dltfgebquas%at ebvrâ ê eub/oíoa% be l ilbt sgrtbr ha tarra naludgup peus haogkuoakts+ At d'ast uka kguvaeea rlbsgk h'lttrbnuar lux Hgkl/

tbstas uka ngkka plrtba has bksdrbptbgks olrtyrgeg`bquas hâdgu/vartas hlks el dgktrâa+

Akibk% el peuplrt ha das olrtyrs qua kgus igkt dgkklëtra eas

hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas ha Kuobhba% sgkt has olrtyrs egdlux%dgopeætaoakt bkdgkkus fgrs h'uka âtrgbta râ`bgk% aktbæraoaktgunebâs plr eas Dltfgebquas ha e'îà subvlkt+ Naludgup pgrtakthas kgos pukbquas gu ebnyquas3 at e'gk slbt qua ea Hgkltbsoasa radrutlbt surtgut hlks el pgpueltbgk bkhb`æka+ Bes ka sgkt

oaktbgkkâs kb plr Luùstbk% qub l prgkgkdâ tlkt ha sarogkspgur has lkkbvarslbras ha olrtyrs lirbdlbks% kb plr eas Olrty/rgegàs% kb% da qub ast peus `rlva% plr ea dleakhrbar ha Dlrtflà+Gk s'axpebqua h'lutlkt peus hbiibdbeaoakt das gobssbgks qua%hlks sas Tarogks% Luùstbk l plreâ ha el peuplrt has olrtyrsdltfgebquas dgkkus plr eas raeltbgks% at qua ea dleakhrbar haDlrtflà plrlët ítra uka syktfæsa has prbkdbplux dleakhrbarsegdlux ha tguta e'Lirbqua dfrâtbakka+ Ka hbrlbt/gk pls quae'gobssbgk ast systâoltbqua 7 Ilbt bkaxpebdlnea% sb das bkkgo/nrlneas olrtyrs kuobhas sgkt has Dltfgebquas3 ilbt tgut klturae%

sb el peuplrt h'aktra aux sgkt has sdfbsoltbquas+

<" Gptît% BBB% 83 Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 6 3 Dghax dlkgk+ Adgeas% lirbd% 9: at 643

<61% >%63 <61% 4% <>3 >:8% </> at13 Taro+ Luùstbk% Apbst+ >2% be3 84% 6% >83 66% 6/

<46% >% > 3 Lh Hgkltbstls pgst Dgeelb+% 23 Dgktrl Apbst+ Zlroakblkb% BB% 4% 9 3

<0% >13 Dgktrl @luhaktbuo% B% >>% >13 BBB% 9% >23 Lh Dlefgebdgs apbstuel dgk/

>0% 4:/4< 3 >6% 4> 3 atd+ Brl Hgkltbstls% <2% 82/1: 3 Dgktrl ebtta/

>" Dgkdbe+ Dlrtfl`+ lkk+ 486% d+ > 3 rls Zatbeblkb% B% >8% >9 3 atd+



898 EA HGKLXBTOA

Hgkd% eas hgduoakts olrtyrgeg`bquas sgkt plrtbduebæraoaktkgonraux hlks ea plys kuobha3 das hgduoakts ha Kuobhbasgkt prasqua tgus dgktaopgrlbks ha el `rlkha axtaksbgk huHgkltbsoa 3 ea dueta has slbkts âtlbt axtrlgrhbklbraoakt hâva/egppâ dfaz eas hbssbhakts 3 at das olrtyrs egdlux% oaktbgkkâssaueaoakt plr eas bksdrbptbgks ha el dgktrâa% gkt âtâ b`kgrâsgu takus ak suspbdbgk plr eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks hu taopsgu ha e'îà subvlkt+ Ygbeê peusbaurs rlbsgks sârbausas ha sup/pgsar qua kgonra ha das sgb/hbslkt olrtyrs sgkt has sdfbsol/tbquas+ Olbs datta gnsarvltbgk `âkârlea% qub prâsakta uk bktâ/

rít fbstgrbqua% ka paroat pls ha hâtarobkar el plrt raspadtbvahas haux Âèbsas rbvleas ak da hgolbka âpb`rlpfbqua+ El peu/

plrt has hgduoakts `lrhakt eaur sadrat+

Faurausaoakt% be y l has axdaptbgks+ Ole`râ el sbobebtuhagrhbklbra has igroueas% kgus pguvgks radgkklëtra plrigbs e'bks/

pbrltbgk at el olbk has Hgkltbstas+ \uaequas bksdrbptbgks hltâas%

hu BYa sbædea gu ha el praobæra ogbtbâ hu v/% sa rlppgrtakt ê hasolrtyrs ha datta pârbgha% qub gkt suddgonâ hlks eas nltlbeeas

aktra eas haux plrtbs+ Zeusbaurs bksdrbptbgks oaktbgkkakt hasslbkts qua kgus slvgks lvgbr âtâ plrtbduebæraoakt dfars lux hbs/

sbhakts+ H'lutras lddusakt gu trlfbssakt eaur grb`bka sdfbsol/tbqua plr quaequa igrouea% quaequa hâtlbe dlrldtârbstbqua+ Gkpaut hgkd hbstbkùar% hlks e'âpb`rlpfba olrtyrgeg`bqua ha el

dgktrâa% uk `rgupa ha hgduoakts hgkltbstas gu raeltbis luHgkltbsoa+ Hlks da `rgupa% dgooa hlks eas prâdâhakts% gkaktakh tgur ê tgur el vgbx has haux plrtbs+

E'uka has bhâas eas peus dfæras lux Hgkltbstas% e'uk has tfæoas

ilvgrbs ha eaurs dgktrgvarsas% d'âtlbt el prââobkakda hu olrtyra+gu% dgooa gk hbslbt% e'âobkakta « hb`kbtâ hu olrtyra ³+ Easdfbsoa eub/oíoa ast kâ ha datta lspbrltbgk pgpuelbra% ha dat

bhâle+ Hæs ea taops ha el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak% d'ast ukahbvaràkda ha vuas sur datta quastbgk% qub lebâkl lux dfais hae'Âèbsa ha Dlrtflà eas syopltfbas ha el iguea+ D'ast ea olkb/iasta has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl% ak 4:8% qub havbkt ea ogt h'grhrahas gppgslkts <

+ D'ast e'lttbtuha hu dear`â dlrtfl`bkgbs akvarseas dgkiassaurs aoprbsgkkâs% qub

loakleas

`rlvas oleaktakhus aktra Oaksurbus at naludgup ha sas ibhæeas% aktra sgklrdfbhbldra at eas ilkltbquas% aktra e'âvíqua ha Dlrtflà ae eas

Kuobhas-+ D'ase ea dueta has raebquas qub nrgubeel Dladbeblkuslvad Eudbeel-+ E'uk has prbkdbplux `rbais hu dgkdbea hbssbhakt

ha 4<> dgktra sas lhvarslbras% d'âtlbt eaur prâtakhua ilbneassa ak

<" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% </> at <6 ebleu +a+ Dgeeît+% BBB% <4% >=3/M0+

>" Bnbh+% <0 at >:3 Luùstbk% Nravbd+ 4" Gptît% B+ <9+




ilda has parsâdutaurs at eaur sâvârbtâ akvars eas dgkiassaurs'+

Eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks âtlbakt hgkd eg`bquas ak axletlktea olrtyra+ Hæs ea praobar mgur% dgktra e'Aèbsa « has trlhb/

taurs ³% el kguvaeea sadta sa pgsl ak Aèbsa « has olrtyrs ³ >+

Aeea akdgurlàl% lu ogbks plr sl tgeârlkda% ea ilkltbsoa pgpu/elbra+ Dgktrlbraoakt ê el trlhbtbgk at ê el hgdtrbka dltfgebquas%aeea lutgrbsl ea dueta rakhu ê daux ha sas ibhæeas qub lvlbakt âtâ

vbdtboas ha eaurs prgvgdltbgks at ha eaurs vbgeakdas% ê dauxoøoas qub s'âtlbakt tuâs vgegktlbraoakt+ Ak tfâgrba at ak ilbt%

el prââobkakda hu olrtyra iut e'uk has lrtbdeas ha igb hu Hgkl/tbsoa+ Eê/hassus% eas âdrbvlbks sdfbsoltbquas sgkt h'lddgrhlvad eaurs lhvarslbras% eas Ldtas has Dgkdbeas lvad el ebttârl/

tura+ Gr% das tâogb`klàs dgkdgrhlkts sgkt dgkibroâs plr dar/

tlbks hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas+ E'âpbtlpfa h'uka olrtyrahgkltbsta kgus hbt qu'aeea « gntbkt el hb`kbtâ hu olrtyra ³

&oaktbt hb`kbtleao olrtbrbb" 4+ H'lutras bksdrbptbgks% qub trl/

fbssakt el olbk has hbssbhakts% hgkkakt ê uk olrtyr has tbtras

sb`kbibdltbis = « e'lvgdlt ha Hbau ³ &Hab dgksuetls" % ea « ègrbaux/

lvgdlt ha Hbau ³ &ègrbgsus dgksueeus"'3 das axprassbgks aopfl/tbquas% qub dgktrlstakt lvad eas igroueas træs sbopeas has hgdu/oakts dltfgebquas% sgkt el trlhudtbgk axldta ha el hgdtrbkahgkltbsta sur e'âobkakta hb`kbtâ hu olrtyra+

Eas Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks prgtastlbakt klturaeeaoakt dgktradatta tfâgrba axdeusbva+ Tlks hguta% bes ka kblbakt pls el vartuhu olrtyra 3 olbs bes ka vguelbakt pls qu'gk y rloakît tgut ea

dfrbstblkbsoa+ Bes fgkgrlbakt eas fârgs has parsâdutbgks

plçakkas% eas slbkts lutfaktbquas% hóoakt dlkgkbsâs3 olbs bes

prgiasslbakt qua kue ka havlbt dgurbr lu/havlkt has ngurralux%at qu'gk ka havlbt pls vâkârar slks hbsdarkaoakt tgutas eas

vbdtboas+ Bes ilbslbakt raolrquar h'lbeeaurs qua% hapubs e'lvæ/

kaoakt ha Dgkstlktbk at ha el plbx raeb`bausa% el ebsta has olr/tyrs âtlbt ê pau præs degsa% qua el ègrbibdltbgk has fârgsh'lutraigbs ka havlbt pls lnsgrnar tgutas eas igrdas vbvas ha el

pbâtâ% qua eas vartus has taops ha eutta ka havlbakt pls ilbra

gunebar eas vartus hu taops ha plbx% vartus dgkigroas ê e'bhâle

dfrâtbak at lux prasdrbptbgks âvlk`âebquas+ Bes aksab`klbaktqua hâsgrolbs% ê hâilut hu olrtyra% gk pguvlbt `l`kar ea

Zlrlhbs plr el prbæra% e'luoøka at el dflrbtâ+ Das bhâas% ilob/ebæras ê Luùstbk hlks sas sarogks at sas pgeâobquas dgktra ea

sdfbsoa% sgkt râsuoâas ak uka igrouea dgkdbsa sur uka

<" Ldel Tlturkbkb% <</>:= Luùstbk% 4" @saee% Igubeeas ha ebatrblk% p+ >1+

Apbst+ 84% g% <8/<1+ 8" @+ B+ E+% YBBB% >>>:3 <09<83 <0<<8+

>" Ldel Tleurkbkb% <2/>:+

BY 4:



899 EA HGKLXBTOA

ogslçqua ha Xbplsl% qub plrlët hltar ha el ibk hu bv a sbædea+

D'ast uka ogslçqua ha plvaoakt% trguvâa præs ha e'lnsbha hlksel dflpaeea iukârlbra ha e'âvíqua Leaxlkhar% dat âvíqua qub%

h'lpræs sgk âpbtlpfa% âtlbt uk oghæea ha dflrbtâ dfrâtbakka at

uk lrtbslk hâvguâ ha el plbx raeb`bausa {dlrbtltb pldbqua hbdl/

eus"<

+ Ygbdb e'bksdrbptbgk% qub âtlbt tgurkâa vars e'uka has

aktrâas ha el dflpaeea = « Delusbbel musebbblr ast olrtyrbuovgtbs gptlra+ Flnas at êeblo sbobeao% laeaogkklo vbrbgks

ildara- ³+ Datta bksdrbptbgk% qub rlppaelbt lux ibhæeas eas haux`rlkhs prâdaptas ha el egb âvlk`âebqua% saonea ítra uka plrl/

pfrlsa h'uk taxta ha slbkt Olttfbau 1+ Olbs el râhldtbgk ak ast

grb`bklea = e'logur ha Hbau hgbt leear musqu'ê sguflbtar ea

olrtyra% at e'logur hu prgdflbk hgbt sa trlhubra plr e'luoøka+Ea hgduoakt plrlët ítra uka prgtastltbgk bkhbradta dgktra eas

Hgkltbstas at eaur hâsbr axdeusbi hu olrtyra = hlks eaur prâtak/tbgk ê raopebr musqu'lu ngut eaur havgbr akvars Hbau% eas sad/

tlbras gunebakt eaurs havgbrs akvars eas fgooas+Gk slbt qua eas Hgkltbstas fgkgrlbakt haux sgrtas ha olr/

tyrs = h'lngrh% daux h'lvlkt el ruptura ha 4<>% d'ast/ê/hbra easfârgs has parsâdutbgks plçakkas% â`leaoakt dfars lux Dltfg/ebquas3 pubs% eas olrtyrs plrtbduebars ê e'Âèbsa sdfbsoltbqua%d'ast/ê/hbra eas vbdtboas has parsâdutbgks dltfgebquas% hasâoautas gu hu subdbha hâvgt+ Da hgunea dueta l elbssâ hastrldas hlks e'âpb`rlpfba lirbdlbka+

Ak ilda has hgduoakts qub oaktbgkkakt has olrtyrs dgo/ouks lux haux Aèbsas% be ast ea peus sguvakt bopgssbnea hahâtarobkar elquaeea has haux l dgksldrâ ea ogkuoakt at ilbt

`rlvar e'bksdrbptbgk+ Dapakhlkt% ak dartlbks dls% be y l haigrtas prâsgoptbgks ak ilvaur h'uka grb`bka hgkltbsta+

Zlr axaopea% eas sdfbsoltbquas sa sgkt tgumgurs aiigrdâs

ha dgkibsquar ê eaur prgibt el ègbra has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl%aoprbsgkkâs ê Dlrtflà ak 4:8% das prâdursaurs hu sdfbsoa%qub plr eaur olkbiasta lvlbakt axdgooukbâ eas trlhbtaurs at

igurkb uka lroa lux gppgslkts-+ El raeltbgk qub kgus rak/sab`ka sur e'lrrastltbgk% e'bktarrg`ltgbra at eas tgrturas ha das

dgkiassaurs% ast e'Ŕuvra suddassbva ha haux Hgkltbstas 3 aeea satarobka plr uk vbgeakt râqubsbtgbra dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlr/B eblà at eas Dltfgebquas'+ Gr e'gk l hâdguvart% sur hbvars pgbktsëea e'Lirbqua% tguta uka sârba ha hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas gò sa

ebsake has kgos ha olrtyrs% bhaktbquas lux kgos has prbkdb

<" D+ + +%

YBBB% >:2< , e% bk Tlturkbkb% <6 Nleuza+

>" Qrbh % Obe% <>G2:9+ 1" Bnbh+% <9/>:++," Olttfbau% VVBB% 40/8:+



HGDQOAKXTAZB@^LZFBGQAT 890

plux olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl = Hltblkus at Ybdtgrbkus% præs ha Xbx/

tar'3 Aoarbtus% ê Fakdfbr Xl`fil`ft at Lbk @fgrln'3 Iâebx%ak hbx egdlebtâs hbiiâraktas 4

3 Blkulrbus% ê Xfaeapta% ê ^gubs% ê

Fakdfbr Naeirguts at Flhman Ae/Lçguk-3 Olrbl% ê Lbk Ae/Cslrr'3

Olrtbkus% ê Dlelol 93 Oltrgkl% ê Lbk â`lhl 0

3 ^g`ltus% ê

Lunuzzl at âkluet 63 Ybdtgrbl% ê Xbxtar at Oasegu`-3 Ybkdak/

tbus% ê Dlelol% ê Oasegu`% ê ^gubs% ê Xfloleeuel <:+ Âvbhao/

oakt% e'gk ka slurlbt liibroar% kb oíoa suppgsar% qua tgusdas olrtyrs dgkkus plr has bksdrbptbgks sgbakt has dgkiassaursh'Lnbtbkl+ Zgurtlkt% eas rakdgktras ha kgos sgkt sb kgo/nrausas% qu'gk ast igkhâ ê âtlnebr uk rlppgrt aktra eas tâogb/`klàs âpb`rlpfbquas at el raeltbgk fbstgrbqua = naludgup has

bksdrbptbgks hgkt kgus plregks hgbvakt oaktbgkkar has olr/tyrs h'Lnbtbkl+

Ygbdb uk lutra axaopea ha das durbausas dgçkdbhakdas+ Gk l

trguvâ klùæra ê Qppakkl% hlks eas rubkas h'uka nlsbebqua dfrâ/

tbakka% sur e'aopeldaoakt ha e'lutae% haux ogslçquas suparpg/sâas% gò sgkt kgooâs sabza olrtyrs = plrob aux% uk prítra

Tlturkbkus% trgbs lutras Tlturkbkus% at uka Eudbeel.+ Gr% plrobeas dgkiassaurs h'Lnbtbkl% ibùra uk prítra Tlturkbkus at uklutra Tlturkbkus <>

3 qulktl el Eudbeel has ogslçquas% aeeaâvg/

qua ea sguvakbr ha datta dâeænra Eudbeel qub mgbbl uk røea sb dgk/sbhârlnea hlks eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa <4

+ El ogslçqua supâ/rbaura% qub ast ha ildtura nyzlktbka% raprghubt axldtaoakt e'bks/

drbptbgk ha el ogslçqua bkiârbaura% qub hlta hu bvº sbædea+ Bdb

akdgra% gk paut sa haolkhar sb ea hgduoakt ka prgvbakt pls

h'uka âèbsa hu plrtb hbssbhakt+\ugb qu'be ak sgbt ha das bhaktbibdltbgks% be ka saonea pls tâoâ/

rlbra h'lttrbnuar lux Hgkltbstas quaequas/ukas lu ogbks haskgonrausas bksdrbptbgks gò ibùrakt has fgogkyoas ha das olr/

<" D+ E E+% YBBB% >:9::+ 6" D+ + E +% YBBB% <9429 3 ><1<0+>" Bnbh+% YBBB% >>>: 3 <09<8 3 <00<8+ 2" enbh+% YBBB% >:9:: 3 Nuee+ lrdc+ hu4" enbh+% YBBB% <:9693 <94293 <0914 3 Dgobtâ% <622% p+ 818+

<28<8 3 >:104 3 D+ ^+ ha YLdlh+ has <:" DB+ E+% YBBB% 14m>3 D+^+ habLdlh+Bksdrbpt%+% <629% p+ <2>3 Nuee+ lrdc+ hu has Bksdrbpt%% <629% p+ <2>3 <2:9% p+ <8<

3

Dgobtâ has trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <62<% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ% <622% p+ 8183p+ 1>4 3 <622% p+ 818 3 <2:>% p+ 82> 3 Nuee+ <2:6% p+ dxd+has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% <2:>% p+ <<" Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ% <2:8% p+>60+ dxdbx3 <2:1% p+ 4083 Nuee% has Lktb/

8" D+ + E+% YBBB% <<>0:3 Nuee% has Lk/ qulbras ha Irlkda% <2:8% p+ 48> 3 ^lgue%tbqulbras ha Irlkda% <2:6% p+ 4<23 â/ Haelttra at Zlvlrh% Zrgdæs/varnlux h'ukaduabe ha Dgkstlktbka% t+ VEBB &<2:6"% p+ obssbgk lrdfâgeg`bqua lux rubkas haeê>>4 at >>0+ nlsbebqua h'Qppakkl% Xukbs% <2:9% p+ <1+

1" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% >:10>+ <>" Ldtl Tlturkbkb% >3 93 2/<:3 <8 Nl/9" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% euza+

<624% p+ >46+ <4" Gptît% B% <9/<2+

0" D+ <+ E+% YBBB% 1998/1991+



896 EA HGKLXBTOA

tyrs h'Lnbtbkl% qub gkt âtâ sb pgpuelbras hlks e'Aèbsa sdfbsol/

tbqua%at hgkt e'fârgçsoa kgus ast dgkku saueaoakt plr

ukarael/

tbgk hgkltbsta+

Zgur haux ha das hgduoakts âpb`rlpfbquas% e'grb`bka hgkl/tbsta ast prasqua dartlbka+ Da sgkt eas haux hgduoakts gò ast

oaktbgkkâ Aoarbtus+ Be s'l`bt âvbhaooakt hu eadtaur Aoarbtus%e'uk has prbkdbplux dgkiassaurs h'Lnbtbkl% qub mgua uk `rlkh røea

hlks el raeltbgk dgksarvâa <+ Da parsgkklà plrlët lvgbr âtâ

pgpuelbra dfaz eas sdfbsoltbquas 3paut/ítra l/t/be nâkâibdbâ h'uka

dgkiusbgk lvad sgk fgogkyoa Aoarbtus% ea dâeænra âvíqua hbs/

sbhakt ha Dlaslral% e'uk has dfais hu plrtb lu taops h'Luùstbk+Tur uka pbarra hâdguvarta hlks eas rubkas h'uk slkdtulbra dfrâ/

tbak ê Fakdfbr Xl`fil`ft &præs ha Cfakdfael"% gk ebt e'bksdrbp/

tbgk subvlkta = « Fbd aSst hgo_us SHab% fbd_ oaogSrblaU LpgstgeSg/ruoat_ nalu Aoarbtb ègrbgsb dgksueeb ³.+ D'ast el hâhbdlda h'ukadflpaeea qub dgktaklbt has raebquas has Lpøtras at h'Aoarbtus+Tur uk ebktalu h'Lbk @fgrln ast `rlvâa el hâhbdlda h'uk slkd/tulbra gò e'gk dgksarvlbt â`leaoakt has raebquas h'Aoarbtus =

« F&b"d hgous H&a"b kgsStrb Dfrësbb_ + te&b"d lvbtltbg Tp&brbeu"s s&l b"d/&t"b ZSlrldeaeb_ + iM&b"d oaogrbl naltb olrtbrbs Hab dgksueeb SA_oarSb/

tb_+ F&b"d axlkhbatur gokbs q&u"b bkvgdlt kgoak H&gob"kb H{a"b

GokbpgeSaktbsU+ &D"ur% fgog% obrlrbs7 H&a"gmlnlkEa oatbgrl vbha/

vbs+ L Skkg râ`b- K_ VE + + ³ 4+ Be ka saonea pls hgutaux qua das haux

bksdrbptbgks prgvbakkaktha slkdtulbras hgkltbstas+ Hlks ea hgdu/oakt h'Fakdfbr Xl`fil`ft% e'bhâa sauea h'lssgdbar lux Lpøtrasea eadtaur Aoarbtus lurlbt plru ê has Dltfgebquas uka sgrta haprgilkltbgk 3 lu dgktrlbra% aeea ka surprakh pgbkt ha el plrt hassdfbsoltbquas% qub lvlbakt uka sb `rlkha vâkârltbgk pgur Aoarb/tus at eas lutras dgkiassaurs h'Lnbtbkl '+ Hlks e'bksdrbptbgk h'Lçk@fgrln% e'bkvgdltbgk ê e'Asprbt slbkt% lu Zlrldeat% ast akdgratræs sb`kbibdltbva 3 dlr el drgylkda ê e'ldtbgk tgumgurs prâsaktaha e'Asprbt% lux râvâeltbgks hu Zlrldeat% âtlbt rastâa pgpuelbrahlks eas dgoouklutâs fârâtbquas gu sdfbsoltbquas 1

3 eas dfaishu Hgkltbsoa% dgooa Hgklt ha Dlrtflà at Zatbeblkus ha Dgks/tlktbka% plsslbakt pgur ítra has bkdlrkltbgks ha e'Asprbt slbkt.+

Akibk% hlks eas haux hgduoakts% das tbtras sbkùebars ha ègrbg/sus dgksuetus% ha Hab dgksuetbts% lurlbakt sóraoakt dfgquâ has

<" Ldel Tlturkbkb% >= <:/<<+ flld% p+ <92 Ob`ka 3 Luùstbk% Taro+ Be

>" D+ + %+% YBBB% <00<8+ bk Zsleo+ 49% >: + Gptît% BB% 0+

Ub" enbh+% YBBB% >>>:= <0:<t+ 9" Gptlb% BBB% 43 Luùstbk% Taro+ <20%

8" Ldth Tlturkbkb% </> 3 <:/<< 3 <6 ebl/ 8 3 Dgktrl Apblb+ Zlroakblkb% BB% 0% <4 3

euza+ Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% BBB% <9% <2313 enbh+% <0/>: 3 Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Dgktrl Drasdgkblo% BB% <% >+



HGDQOAKXTÂZ<@^LZFB\QAT 892

Dltfgebquas% flnbtuâs ê peus ha râsarva hlks eaurs fgoolàs luxolrtyrs+ Tb Aoarbtus ast lppaeâ bdb « e'lvgdlt ha Hbau ³% d'ast

h'lngrh% slks hguta% ê dlusa has igkdtbgks ha eadtgr qu'be lvlbtraopebas hlks e'Aèbsa h'Lnbtbkl3 d'ast lussb ê dlusa ha e'âeg/

quakda fârgçqua lvad elquaeea be lvlbt mustbibâ sl igb lu obebau hastgrturas 3 d'ast paut/ítra akdgra plr subta ha el dgkiusbgk lvadAoarbtus ha Dlaslral% ea dâeænra lvgdlt has sdfbsoltbquas+ Olbsel trlksdrbptbgk ha da tbtra lonbtbaux sur has ilàlhas ha dflpaeeaska s'axpebqua ùæra qua plr el tfâgrba hgkltbsta sur el hb`kbtâat ea røea has olrtyrs+

El hâvgtbgk has hbssbhakts leelbt surtgut lux olrtyrs ha eaursadta% qub âtlbakt bkkgonrlneas% at hgkt bes dâeânrlbakt el ègbrahlks eas pgopausas gu naeebquausas bksdrbptbgks peldâas sur eas

tgonas has fârgs hu plrtb+ Gk paut sa ilbra uka bhâa ha dasâpbtlpfas% sgbt h'lpræs has tâogb`klàs fbstgrbquas gu ebttâ/

rlbras% sgbt h'lpræs has bksdrbptbgks râdaooakt hâdguvartas+Has âpbtlpfas gu has ebstas ogkuoaktleas ha olrtyrs sdfbs/

oltbquas sgkt oaktbgkkâas hæs eas praobæras lkkâas hu

sdfbsoa% hæs el praobæra parsâdutbgk qub lttab`kbt eas plrtbslksha Hgklt+ Ak 4<0% lpræs el egb ha Dgkstlktbk qub grhgkklbth'akeavar lux hbssbhakts eaurs nlsbebquas% gk sa nlttbt hlkspeusbaurs âèbsas ha Dlrtflà E'lutaur ha el Zlssbg Hgkltb kguslpprakh qua naludgup ha sadtlbras iurakt olssldrâs hlks ukaha das nl`lrras+ Gk eas aksavaebt hlks el nlsbebqua gò bes lvlbaktsuddgonâ% at gò peus tlrh gk ogktrlbt eaurs âpbtlpfas = « Hlkse'akdabkta ha datta nlsbebqua% hbt ea dfrgkbquaur% ha kgonrausasparsgkkas iurakt tuâas% at eaurs dgrps y iurakt aksavaebs+ Gk yvgbt akdgra eas bksdrbptbgks gò ibùrakt eaurs kgos {tbtbhltbgkas

kgobouk"% bksdrbptbgks qub dgksarvakt ê mlolbs ea sguvakbr hael parsâdutbgk ha Dladbeblkus < ³+

Xgut râdaooakt% e'gk l dru ratrguvar ê Dlrtflà datta nlsb/

ebqua hgkt plrea e'âdrbvlbk hgkltbsta% at oíoa% hlks eas rubkasha e'âhbibda% eas hânrbs ha das âpbtlpfas ha olrtyrs+ Be s'l`bt hael nlsbebqua ha Odbhil% gò eas igubeeas gkt obs lu mgur tlkt hahgduoakts dfrâtbaks = kgtlooakt% uka pbarra nrbsâa gò sa ebsakt

eas kgos ha slbkta Zarpâtua at has lutras olrtyrs ha Xfu/nurng 6

% lvad eas irlòakts h'uka sârba ha pelquas ha olrnra gòhas bksdrbptbgks% bkhbqulkt has kgos ha olrtyrs at eas hltas haeaurs lkkbvarslbras% sa hârguelbakt sur eas nrls ha `rlkhas drgbx`radquas gu hlks eas dlrtgudfas qub eas surogktlbakt.+ Kgk

<" Zlssbg Hgkltb% 6+ 4" Haeltera% bnbh+% <2:0% p+ 1>4/1>8+ ‘>" Haelttra% D+ ^+ ha DLdlh+ has Brbs/ Di+ Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda% <2:6%

drbpt+% <2:0% p+ <28+ p+ <26+



80: EA HGKLXBTOA

egbk ha el dgkiassbg s'guvrlbt uk elrà pubts radtlkùelbra% dgks/

trubt ak olàgkkarba% aktbæraoakt raopeb h'gssaoakts fuolbks%at dgktaklkt lussb has âpbtlpfas dfrâtbakkas% hgkt quaequas/ukas igrt lkdbakkas+ Hlks ea vgbsbklà hu pubts gu hlks eas

hânelbs ha el dgkiassbg% gk l raduabeeb ha kgonraux ogrdalux haolrnra pgrtlkt has rastas h'bksdrbptbgks+ Da sgkt eas irlòaktsha haux pelquas% h'uk nalu olrnra nelkd% gò âtlbakt `rlvâashaux ebstas ha kgos bksdrbts hlks uk dardea 3 dflduka haspelquas pguvlbt dgktakbr ha qubkza ê vbk`t kgos+ Das kgosâtlbakt lu `âkbtbi% at prâdâhâs% saonea/t/be% hu ogt slkdtgruo

3

haux saueaoakt gkt pu ítra eus ak aktbar% daux h'uk Lqubebkusat h'uka Ybdtgrbl <

+ Tubvlkt e'lutaur ha el hâdguvarta% el nlsb/

ebqua ha Odbhil sarlbt el Nlsbebdl Olmgruo% qub rakiarolbt eas

tgonalux has slbktas Zarpâtua at Iâebdbtâ ''

3 eas ogrdalux haolrnra qub pgrtlbakt eas haux ebstas ha kgos sarlbakt prgnlnea/oakt eas hânrbs has tbtueltbgkas kgobkuo hgkt plrea e'lutaur hael Zlssbg Hgkltb% d'ast/ê/hbra eas hânrbs has âpbtlpfas gu hasebstas qub dgksarvlbakt ea sguvakbr has Hgkltbstas tuâs ak 4< 4

+

Lssurâoakt% das hâdguvartas sgkt igrt durbausas3 olbs easfypgtfæsas plrlbssakt lssaz irl`beas+ H'lngrh% be k'ast pls dar/

tlbk qua el nlsbebqua ha Odbhil sgbt el Nlsbebdl Olmgruo% kb

qu'aeea lbt dgktaku eas tgonalux has olrtyrs ha Xfunurng+H'lpræs eas drgbx eltbkas gu `radquas qub y ibùrakt% h'lpræs el

pleâg`rlpfba at eas igroueas% el pbarra dgooâogrltbva at eas

pelquas ê dlrtgudfas% gò sgkt oaktbgkkâs das olrtyrs lvadh'lutras% ka pauvakt ítra lktârbauras ê el hgobkltbgk nyzlk/tbka3 aeeas plrlbssakt bkhbquar sbopeaoakt el prâsakda haraebquas+ \ulkt lux haux ebstas ha kgos% be ase vrlbsaonelneaqu'aeeas sa rlppgrtakt â`leaoakt ê has slbkts 3 olbs rbak lnsg/euoakt k'lutgrbsa ê drgbra qua da sgbakt has Hgkltbstas+ Eashgduoakts dfrâtbaks trguvâs hlks el nlsbebqua ha Odbhil lpplr/tbakkakt ê has âpgquas træs hbiiâraktas% el peuplrt ê el pârbghanyzlktbka+ Be ast hgkd pruhakt ha sa dgktaktar h'akra`bstrar eas

ilbts% slks prâtakhra tgut axpebquar+ << k'ast pls bopgssbnea quakgus pgssâhbgks has irlòakts ha das tbtueltbgkas kgobkuo

oaktbgkkâas plr el Zlssbg Hgkltb3 kblbs% musqu'bdb% kgus k'lvgksluduka rlbsgk sârbausa ha ea suppgsar+

<< k'ast pls hgutaux qua has bksdrbptbgks lklegùas lbakt âtâ

`rlvâas plr eas Hgkltbstas sur eas tgonas ha eaurs lutras olr/tyrs de hlks eas slkdtulbras âeavâs ak eaur fgkkaur+ Yars 48:%

<" b ''+ 3+ ha e'Ldlh+ bes- eus/ >" Ybdtgr ha Ybta% e+ +'&% '+'+

drbpt+% <2:6% |;+ 12 B 2 =," e'lssbg Hgkleb% 6+




ak Kuobhba% naludgup ha Dbrdgkdaeebgks trguværakt el ogrthlks uka nltlbeea dgktra eas trgupas hu dgota Xlurbkus+ Qkatraktlbka h'lkkâas peus tlrh% lu ogoakt gò Gptît ha Obeavâdrbvlbt sgk `rlkh guvrlà sur ea sdfbsoa% gk ogktrlbt akdgraeas tgonalux ha das olrtyrs = « Hlks ea Egdus Gdtlvaksbs% hbt

Gptît% uka iguea ha @brdgkdaeebgks iurakt tuâs% naludgup iurakthâdlpbtâs+ Eaurs dlhlvras gkt pu sa dgoptar musqu'ê kgs mgursh'lpræs ea kgonra has lutaes nelkdfbs &halenltla lrlâ" gu hastlneas &oaksld" < ³+ Be s'l`bt has tlneas iukârlbras peldâas sur eas

tgonas% subvlkt el ogha lirbdlbka% at has lutaes âeavâs hlks el

kâdrgpgea+ Gptît lmguta qu'gk lvlbt dgooakdâ h'aksavaebr ukaplrtba has vbdtboas hlks has nlsbebquas% olbs qu'uk âvíqua s'y

gppgsl+ Gk trlksigrol hgkd ea dflop ha nltlbeea ak dboatbæra3lu obebau has tgonalux% gk nîtbt has lutaes pgur ea dueta êrakhra lux olrtyrs+ Taegk e'uslà% gk hut `rlvar has bksdrbp/tbgks sur eas lutaes at sur eas tlneas iukârlbras 3 da sgkt dasâpbtlpfas qub paroattlbakt lux dgktaopgrlbks h'Gptlt haradgkklëtra eas sâpueturas has vbdtboas ha e'âdfluiçgurâa ha 48:+

El parsâdutbgk ha Oldlrbus% ak 480% akrbdfbt ea olrtyrgegàha e'Aèbsa hbssbhakta >

+ Zeusbaurs olrtyrs sdfbsoltbquas kgussgkt dgkkus plr has raeltbgks = Bslld at Olxboblkus% ê Dlr/tbelà 3 Olrdueus% ak Kuobhba+ Kgus ka slvgks rbak sur eas tgo/nalux ha Olxboblkus at h'Bslld% hgkt eas dgrps% matâs ê el oar%lvlbakt âtâ rloakâs lu rbvlà plr ea iegt at raduabeebs plr eas

Hgkltbstas 4+ \ulkt ê Olrdueus% gk vgylbt sl tgona ê Kgvl

Zatrl% gò aeea lttbrlbt ha kgonraux pæearbks<

+ Qka bksdrbptbgkhavlbt rlppaear lux vbsbtaurs e'fbstgbra at eas oârbtas hu olr/tyr+ Zakhlkt peusbaurs `âkârltbgks sa ouetbpebærakt eas vbdtboashas parsâdutbgks dltfgebquas% gu has âoautas raeb`bausas% guhu subdbha ebtur`bqua.+ Gk rakdgktrlbt ê dflqua pls% surtgut akKuobhba% has sâpueturas ha olrtyrs% has dflpaeeas at ha pgo/pausas bksdrbptbgks ak eaur fgkkaur 9

+ D'ast hlks das ebaux slbkts

qua eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks dâeânrlbakt ha prâiârakda eaurs gr`bas 0+

<" Gptît% BBB% 8+

>" « Ha vgnbs% olrtyrbnus bkibkbtbs Ku/obhbla ³ &Zlssbg

Olxboblkbat Bslld%

p+096 Ob`ka"+ Di+ Gptît% BBB% 8+

4" Zlssbg Olxboblkb at Bslld% p+ 004Ob`ka+

8" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% <% <60+ Di+ ZlssbgOlrdueb% p+ 099 Ob`ka+

1" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 66% 6 3 <61% >% 63

<61% 4% <> 3 >:8% </> at 1 3 Dgktrl @lu/hakebuo% B% >>% >1 3 >0% 4:/4< 3 >6% 4> 3 atd+

9" Dgkdbe+ Dlrefl`+ lkk+ 486% d+ >3Dghax dlkgk+ Addeas+ l irbd% 64+ ‘ Za/

ebeblkus ha Dgkstlktbka hbslbt lux Dltfg/ebquas% ak plrelkt has olrtyrs hgkltbstas =

« Nalegs olrtyras ildbtbs% qugruo sdbebdat

lkbolnus dlaeb rapeatb sukt dgrpgruoquaoaogrbl tarrla iegruarukt+ Ygs ar`g kgkdgebtbs% sah ildbtbs qugs dgelous ³ &Luùs/tbk% Dgktrl ebt <ar ls Zatbeblkb% BB% 0<% <12"+

0" Luùstbk% Apbst+ >2% << 3 84% 6% >8 3

Dgktrl Apbst+ Zlroakblkb% BB% 4% 9 3 BBB%

9% >2 3 Dgktrl ebttarls Zatbeblkb% B% >8%

>9 3 Lh Dltfgebdgs apbstuel dgktrl Hg/yblebstls% <2% 82/1: 3 atd+



80> EA HGKLXBTOA

Qka ha das tgonas% lvad e'âpbtlpfa dgrraspgkhlkta% l âtâ

râdaooakt hâdguvarta ak Olurâtlkba% hlks eas rubkas ha

Nakblk &L l Obeblrbl"+ D'ast ea dlvalu ha ^gnnl% uka raeb`bausahgkltbsta% qub pârbt hlks uka nl`lrra ea >1 olrs 848+ Datta

^gnnl âtlbt el sŔur h'Fgkgrltus% âvíqua hbssbhakt ha el vbeea

vgbsbka h'Lqula Tbraksas% qub lvlbt lssbstâ ak 8<< ê el Dgk/iârakda ha Dlrtflà% at qub ast oaktbgkkâ hlks eas prgdæs/var/

nlux ha datta lssaoneâa e+ Ea dlvalu ha el olrtyra gdduplbt ea

obebau h'uka sârba ha sapt dflonras iukârlbras% qub âtlbakt hbs/

pgsâas ak eb`ka hrgbta lu ngrh hu peltalu% at gò e'gk l trguvâ

has âpbtlpfas ha deards â`leaoakt sdfbsoltbquas+ Be dgooukb/qulbt plr uka iakítra lvad el drypta h'uka nlsbebqua qub iut

dgkstrubta aktra 848 at 842% prgnlneaoakt ak e'fgkkaur ha el

olrtyra+ E'bksdrbptbgk ast `rlvâa sur uka tlnea radtlkùelbra

ak `ræs% qub l âtâ trlkspgrtâa lu Ousâa hu Eguvra% at qub plrlët

lvgbr âtâ peldâa ê e'bktârbaur hu dlvalu% akdlstrâa hlks ea ourhu igkh% ak ilda ha el iakastaeel h'gò gk pguvlbt ebra e'âpbtlpfa+

Ygbdb datta bksdrbptbgk = « Oao&grbl" ^gnn&l"a% sldr&l"a Hab%

t irolk&l"a FgkgrSltb L_qu&l"asbrak&sbs" ap&b"s&dgp"b+ D&l"aha trl/

hbtSgruo_ vaxltl% oarubt hb`kbtlea&o" olrtbrb&b"+ Ybxbt lkkbs E%

at rahhbhbt sp{brbtu"o hba YBBB Cle&akhls" lprbeas% prg&vbkdbla

lkkg" DDDVDY³U E'lkkâa 421 ha e'æra olurâtlkbakka dgrras/

pgkh ê e'lkkâa 848 ha e'æra dfrâtbakka+ ^gnnl iut tuâa ea

>1 olrs ha datta lkkâa% ê e'îà ha dbkqulkta lks+ Gk hgbt kgtarsurtgut ea plsslà raeltbi lux dbrdgkstlkdas ha el ogrt at luolrtyra+ ^gnnl ast uka vbdtboa has « trlhbtaurs ³% d'ast/ê/hbra

has Dltfgebquas &Dlahr brlhbtgruo vaxltl"+ Aeea l gntaku el

« hb`kbtâ hu olrtyra ³ &oarubt hb`kbtltao olrtbrbb"+ Das hauxigroueas râsuoakt âkar`bquaoakt el tfâgrba has sdfbsoltbquassur el prââobkakda hu olrtyra% at eaur âtarkae `rbai dgktra eas

Dltfgebquas parsâdutaurs+Ygbdb olbktaklkt el dgktra/plrtba hlks uka lutra âpbtlpfa ha

olrtyr = uka râpgksa has Dltfgebquas% qub âtlbakt peus igkhâsakdgra ê bkdrbobkar el vbgeakda ha eaurs lhvarslbras+ Daeea

râpgksa âpb`rlpfbqua ast e'Ŕuvra h'Luùstbk eub/oíoa% qub%

hlks sas eattras at sas guvrlàs ha dgktrgvarsa% oaktbgkkatlkt h'lttaktlts has hbssbhakts+ Qk hbldra hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba%prgnlneaoakt hu hbgdæsa h'bebppgka% uk dartlbk Klngr% s âtlbt

râdgkdbebâ lvad e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Hæs egrs% be iut ak nutta ê el

flbka has sadtlbras% qub murlbakt ha dfîtbar sl trlfbsgk+ Qk

<" Dgeelb+ Dlre blg+% B% <66+ Ogkuoakts lktbquas ha e'Le`ârba% t+ Be%

>" &Bsaee% D+ {+ ha YLdlh+ has Bksdrbpt+% p+ <06+

<622% p+ >003 Igub eas ha Fakkbk% p+ >13




mgur% ea hbldra Klngr iut surprbs at tuâ+ Luùstbk% qub havlbt ea

dgkklëtra% dgopgsl pgur el tgona hu olrtyr datta âpbtlpfa

ldrgstbdfa =

Hgklebselruo druha+et dlaha paraoptuo%Bkigssuo fbd dgrpus pbl ast duo eluha KlngrbUs"+Lkta lebqugt &aopus duo hgkltbstl iubssat%

Dgkvarsus pldao prg qSul" ograratur lolvbt+Gptbol pur pur ag vasebeus slkùbka dlusl%Kgk arrgra pârbt% kgk sa bpsa iur gr a paraobt =

Yar ukb olrtyrbuo vdrl ast pbatlta prgnlt&uo"+Tuspbda ebttaruels prbols% bnb kgoak fgkgrbs-+

Ea harkbar faxloætra bkvbta ea eadtaur ê dfardfar e'ldrgstbdfa =

d'ast ea ogt hbldgobs% qua hassbka prg`rassbvaoakt el praobæraeattra ha dflqua vars+ E'bksdrbptbgk dgktbakt naludgup ha hâtlbes

prâdbs+ Klngr âtlbt râdaooakt dgkvartb &<+ 4" 3 be l âtâ tuâ plreas Hgkltbstas &<+ <"3 e'âpbtlpfa l âtâ râaeeaoakt `rlvâa sur sl

tgona <+ >"+ Kgtgks akdgra e'aopegb hu ogt pldao lvad ea sakshâmê sb`kleâ ha « plbx raeb`bausa ³% ha « dgooukbgk dltfgebqua ³

&<+8"

3 eas leeusbgks ê el kâdassbtâ h'uka dlkgkbsltbgk ak ræèa

&<+ 0"% lu ilkltbsoa has prâtakhus dgkiassaurs sdfbsoltbquas%ê eaur olrtyra vgegktlbra &<+ 9"+ Be âtlbt hbiibdbea h'akiaroar peus

ha dfgsas ak ogbks ha ogts+ Luùstbk l râsuoâ ak das quaequasvars tguta sl tfâgrba hu olrtyra at eas `rbais has Dltfgebquasdgktra eas vbgeakdas gu ea ilkltbsoa has hbssbhakts+

Qka hâhbdlda ha dflpaeea% qub l âtâ hâdguvarta ê âkluet akDâslrbakka% at qub ast hltâa ha e'lk >2: ha e'æra olurâtlkbakka{?+ 4>: ha kgtra æra"% plrlët sa rlppgrtar lussb ê e'fbstgbra huHgkltbsoa+ Ygbdb datta bksdrbptbgk = « Oaogrbl Nakkl`b at

Taxtb C&l"e&dkh"ls Skgvaonras"+ Oaogrbl naltbssbogruo olrty/ruo% bh ast ^gr ltb% Olbaktb% Klssab% Olxbola% quao Zrbogsus%Dlonks àkbtgras hahbdlvarlkt+ Zlssb VBB Cle&akhls" kgv&a"o/&nras" ! DDVDZrgivbkdbla lkkg" ³U El tlnea ha pbarra dledlbra%

gò ast `rlvâa datta hâhbdlda% havlbt ítra peldâa lu/hassus ha el

pgrta h'uka dflpaeea+ E'bksdrbptbgk kgus ilbt dgkklëtra eas kgosat eas lkkbvarslbras ha sbx olrtyrs= >< gdtgnra% ^g`ltus% Olbak/

tus% Klssaus% Olxbol3 <ar

kgvaonra% Nakkl`bus at Taxtus+ Eldflpaeea% qub havlbt rakiaroar eas tgonalux% l âtâ dgkstrubta

plr eas pæras has vbdtboas% Zrbogsus at Dlonus+ Das olrtyrs ha4>2 gkt hó suddgonar hlks uka ha das nltlbeeas sb irâquaktas

<" Ha Cgssb% Bksdrbpt% dfrbst+% t+ Be% lrdc+ hu Dgobtâ has trlvlux eòstgrb/

p+ 89<+ quas% <622% p+ 8F6% k+ 6+

>" D+ B+E+% UUQ% ><1<03 @saee% Nuee+



808 EA HGKLXBTOA

aktra eas ibhæeas has haux Âèbsas 3 olbs rbak ka paroat ha hbs/

tbkùar sb da sgkt has Dltfgebquas gu has Hgkltbstas+

Oíoa gnsarvltbgk lu sumat h'uka lutra bksdrbptbgk ha Olurâ/tlkba% qu'gk vbakt ha trguvar lu Kgrh/Ast ha Xblrat% at qub ast

hltâa ha e'lk 49< ha e'æra egdlea gu 8:: ha e'æra dfrâtbakka = «Oa/o{grbl s&lk"d&t"gr&uo"_ olrturu o+++_ Iaebqukbs+++ Zl&ssb" su&kt"

hba samd&tg" rbgkls+++_% lkSkg" p&rgvbkdbla" DDDEVat prSbog_ ""'+

D'ast akdgra% prgnlneaoakt% el hâhbdlda h'uka dflpaeea ha olr/tyrs3 aeea ast tgut ê ilbt dgktaopgrlbka has pgeâobquas h'Luùs/tbk dgktra ea sdfbsoa+ Âtlkt hgkkâ el hlta% eas olrtyrs qub ysgkt oaktbgkkâs gkt hó ítra vbdtboas% dgooa daux ha âkluet%h'uka quaraeea slkèlkta aktra eas haux plrtbs+ Olbs kgus kapguvgks hâtarobkar sb d'âtlbakt has lhaptas gu has lhvarslbrasha e'Âèbsa hbssbhakta+

D'ast prgnlneaoakt e'âpbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr hgkltbsta qu'gkebt sur uka pbarra tgonlea trguvâa ê Tbeeæùa% ak Tbtbibakka% at

prgvaklkt slks hguta h'uka nlsbebqua gu h'uka dflpaeea+ Ygbdbda taxta = « SArbt ng_kbs naka+ SFlad ast Zlueb 7ka7bSsl% quç vbxbt

lkS7bbs+++_ qklttugSr_% Shbas+++ Fl nae kltlUea hadbobb_qubktu{Clf; rb/

hls_ gdtgnra&s"+ SZlssus p7'g_ kgobka DrbSstb% obka ast_ luea Huob/Skuo b_k &Dfkstg" ³U E'bksdrbptbgk ast prâdâhâa at subvba hahaux ogkg`rlooas dgkstlktbkbaks lddgstâs ha e'l at ha e'w+

H'lpræs el igroa ha das dfrbsoas% aeea hlta ha el ibk hu bv a sbædea

gu hu dgooakdaoakt hu v a3 aeea ast hgkd dgktaopgrlbka

h'Luùstbk at ha e'bksdrbptbgk ha Xblrat dbtâa peus flut+ D'ast

âvbhaooakt e'âpbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr% at e'gk l tgut ebau ha drgbra

qua da olrtyr âtlbt uk Hgkltbsta+ D'ast da qua plrlbt bkhbquar

el râhldtbgk oíoa hu hgduoakt = lu hânut% el igrouea Ngkbsnaka% qub âtlbt ilobebæra lux sdfbsoltbquas% at qub sur dartlbks

ogkuoakts ast lssgdbâa ê eaur havbsa Hag elkhas >

_ peus egbk%

e'bksbstlkda dlrldtârbstbqua sur ea olrtyra% trlbt plrtbduebar luxhgduoakts at ê el pgeâobqua has hbssbhakts+ ^lppaegks qua e'gk

l hâdguvart prâdbsâoakt% ê Tbeeæùa% el hâhbdlda h'uk nlptbstæra

hgkltbsta 8+

Taegk tguta vrlbsaonelkda% d'ast akdgra h'uk slkdtulbra has

sdfbsoltbquas qua prgvbakt ea raebqulbra hu olrtyr Iaebdblkus%

olbktaklkt lu Ousâa hu Eguvra+ D'ast uk dgiirat radtlkùelbra%

ak pbarra dledlbra% hgkt eas ildas sgkt grkâas h'âeâ`lkts hassbks

`âgoâtrbquas+ Be l âtâ trguvâ ak Kuobhba% ê Hlell &aktra Olsduel at Xfavasta"+ Gk y ebt = « Oaogrbl Iaebdblkb% pl&ssb" BBB

<" iesaee% Nuee% lrd b+ hu Dgobtâ has 4" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <2:6% p+ bdb+ <2:2% p+ ><:+

>" D+ + E+% Obe+ <:24>3 >:86:+ 8" D+ + ;+% YBBB% >:86>+




C&leakhls" buebls Yaà &saela" ³'+ H'lpræs el igroa has dlrldtæras

at el ibkassa ha el hâdgrltbgk% ea dgiirat at e'bksdrbptbgk kasaoneakt pls pgstârbaurs lu bv a sbædea+ Hlks eas rubkas ha Hlell%

gk l raeavâ â`leaoakt e'lddeloltbgk hgkltbsta Hag elkhas l`l/

ous-+ Tb% hlks e'bksdrbptbgk hu raebqulbra% el eadtura Yaà &saela"

ast mustbibâa% be y l nbak has dflkdas pgur qua Iaebdblkus sgbt ukolrtyr sdfbsoltbqua+ Ak aiiat% Yaàsael ast el vbeea gò Olrdueusat eas lutras hâputâs hu dgkdbea hgkltbsta% ak 480% rakdgktrærakt

Oldlrbus3 el vbeea gò bes iurakt lrrítâs at oletrlbtâs% gò dgo/oakdærakt eas vbgeakdas 4

+ Iaebdblkus pgurrlbt ítra e'uk has hbs/

sbhakts qub iurakt vbdtboas has Dltfgebquas ê Yaàsael+ Be iut

tuâ ea >2 mubk3 Olrdueus% qub iut rataku prbsgkkbar lssaz egk`/

taops% suddgonl ea >8 kgvaonra3 eas hltas dgkdgrharlbakt

hgkd+<< kgus rasta ê sb`klear uk ogkuoakt igrt durbaux% qua e'gk

vbakt ha hâdguvrbr hlks uka nlsbebqua ha el oíoa râ`bgk% ê

Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh+ D'ast uka pbarra% egkùa ha o %10% elrà ha%k %>4% oukba ha haux rlbkuras eltârleas qub bkhbquakt uk dlk/

dae% uka nleustrlha h'âèbsa+ Gk y vgbt el raprâsaktltbgk `rgs/sbæra h'uk parsgkklà akdflëkâ% qub tbakt hu nrls `ludfa uknîtgk% at hgkt ea pgb`kat hrgbt ast rataku plr uka dflëka+ Turel pgbtrbka ast hassbkâ uk grkaoakt ak igroa h'V+ Lu/hassgushu parsgkklà% uka pgrta% bkhbqulkt slks hguta e'aktrâa ha el

prbsgk+ Lu/hassus ha el títa% e'bksdrbptbgk subvlkta = « Hgkltlsobea "" 3 at peus nls% V 8

+ Gk ast taktâ h'lngrh ha ebra = « Hukltusobeax &? obeas" ³% at ha vgbr hlks ea nls/raebai el raprâsaktltbgk

h'uk sgehlt+ Olbs pgurqugb lurlbt/gk raprâsaktâ da sgehlt

akdflëkâ% at dael sur el nleustrlha hu dfŔur h'uka nlsbebqua%

præs ha e'lutae7 Gk paut sgkàr ê uka lutra axpebdltbgk% qub

oattrlbt ea ogkuoakt ak rlppgrt hbradt lvad ea Hgkltbsoa+ Kgusslvgks qu'ak Lirbqua% hlks eas hgduoakts raeltbis lux olrtyrs%

gk âvgqulbt plrigbs ea sguvakbr ha eaur prbsgk% ha eaurs dflëkas+

Xâogbk datta bksdrbptbgk hu bvº sbædea% trguvâa klùæra ê Flh/man Ae/Lçguk = « Hgokus Blkklrbus+ Qkha vUb"ldueltus axbvbt at

qrltbls a`bt% Tbopebdb% eb`lStus_3 &n"gkg tug saSrogka_ eb`lStus ³1

+

Kgtar el ilàgk hgkt ea râhldtaur ha da hgduoakt bksbsta sur eas

<" Zlpbar% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobeâ has 8" Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%

trlvlux fbstgrbquas% <621% p+ 093 Fârgk <2:2% p+ ><4+ ‘ Ygyaz ea ild/sbobeâ hu

ha Ybeeaigssa% Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha ogkuoakt plr ea Dgoolkhlkt @uâkbk%

Irlkda% <629% p+ 4413 @saee% Nuee+ lrdf+ Kguvaeeas Lrdfbvas has Obssbg7bs t e+ VYBB%

hu Dgobeâ% <622% p+ 8113 Ltels lrdfâg/ 8 &<2:2"% p+ <0>+

eg`bqua ha e'Le`ârba% iaubeea >6% k+ <0<+ 1" Oarebk% Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha

>" DB+ %+% YËBB% >4:6 at p+ 21:+ Irlkda% <2:6% p+ 4<2+

4" Zlssbg Olrdueb% p+ 09< Ob`ka+



809 EA HGKLXBTOA

dflëkas hu olrtyr {vbkdueltus% eb`ltòs"+ Datta bksdrbptbgk l hóítra peldâa ê e'akhrgbt gò ea olrtyr elkklrbus lvlbt âtâ lrrítâ

at akdflëkâ+ Ea ogkuoakt h'Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh plrlët prâsaktare'âqubvleakt ibùrâ has igroueas h'Flhmaf Ae/Lçguk+ Hlks datta

fypgtfæsa% tgut s'axpebqua lbsâoakt = el dflëka% el pgrta haprbsgk% e'bksdrbptbgk% ea nîtgk+ Ea parsgkklà akdflëkâ sarlbt

uk olrtyr hgkltbsta dgkhubt ak prbsgk+ E'bksdrbptbgk havrlbts'bktarprâtar = « Hgkltus ob ea &s" Df&rbstb" ³+ Gr% obeas Dfrbseb

âtlbt ea kgo qua s'lttrbnulbakt eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks <+ Ea nîtgk

qua ea parsgkklà tbakt ha el olbk `ludfa% d'ast ea iloaux nîtgk

hgkt plrea sb sguvakt Luùstbk% at qub s'lnlttbt sb irâquaooaktsur ea hgs has Dltfgebquas3 d'ast e'lroa ilvgrbta has Dbrdgkdae/ebgks% da nîtgk qua% hlks eaur elk`là pbttgrasqua% bes lppa/elbakt eaur « Bsrlãe ³ >

+ Qka raprâsaktltbgk ha da àkra k'lurlbt

rbak h'lkgrole sur ea dlkdae h'uka âèbsa has sdfbsoltbquas%præs has raebquas ha eaurs olrtyrs+ Kgus slvgks qua eas Hgkl/tbstas âtlbakt kgonraux ê Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh% gò sa ebt eaur Hrgeluhas sur el deai h'lrd h'uka nlsbebqua 4

+ H'lpræs e'bktarprâtl/

tbgk prgpgsâa pgur e'bksdrbptbgk at ea nls raebai hu dlkdae% kguslurbgks eê uk ogkuoakt ukbqua% bkibkboakt durbaux = el raprâ/

saktltbgk h'uk olrtyr hgkltbsta% h'uk Dbrdgkdaeebgk lroâ hasgk nîtgk% akdflëkâ% at dgkhubt ak prbsgk+

BY

Apb`rlpfba iukârlbra has Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgk ha Tbebeb+ ‘ El Zlrs Xrb`lrb+‘ Apbtlpfa h'uka raeb`bausa rba Xfavasta+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgk h'Gò o Ae/Lnar+ ‘Ogslçqua tgonlea ha e'âvíqua Lràktbus ê Elob``b`l+ ‘ El nlsbebqua at eas

dlvalux iukârlbras h'LelObeblrbl+

‘ Apbtlpfashltâas

ha deards at ha raeb`bausashgklebstas+ ‘ Dlvalu ha e'âvíqua Kaoasslkus at ha el raeb`bausa euebl @aebgel+ ‘@rliibtb+ Egs prítras Ybdtgr at Drasdaks+ ‘ Ea hbldra Olurus+ ‘ E'âvíquaHgkltus+ ‘ Ea príera Hgkltus+ ‘ Avæqua lkgkyoa+ ‘ Igrouelbra ha das apb/

tlpfas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Lkleg`bas at hbiiârakdas lvad ea igrouelbra dltfgebqua+

El harkbæra delssa has bksdrbptbgks hgkltbstas dgoprakh eas

apbtlpfas prgpraoakt hbtas+ D'ast surtgut bdb qu'be ast hbiibdbea%

at% ea peus sguvakt% bopgssbnea% ha hâebobtar ea hgolbka hae'âpb`rlpfba sdfbsoltbqua+ Zlrob eas obeebars h'âpbtlpfas dfrâ/

tbakkas trguvâas ak Lirbqua% naludgup gkt hó olrquar hastgonas ha Hgkltbstas3 olbs% `âkârleaoakt% rbak ka eas trlfbt+

<" Luùstbk% b'obrr+ bk Zsleo+ <4>%9 = dgktrl plrear³ Hgkleb% <18"+ ‘ Di+ Àgk~« Obebtas Dfrbseb L`gkbstbdb lppaeelktur+ br+b Apbst+ Zlroakblkb% <%<<% Ue3DgkerlQtbklo ar`g obFb bseb assake% de ebtearls Zaebeblkb% <<%66% <213 29% >>>3kgk obebtas Hblngeb% l qubnus peus tboatur Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BBB% 8>% 89+

Hag eluhas qulo iraobtus eagkbs ³+ 4 Nuee% has Lktbqulbras ha Irlkda%

>" « Iustas Bsrlfaeas vgdlkt% qugh <2:2% p+ >bu+

hbxaruke duo fgkgra ³ &Luùstbk% Zsleous



HGDQOAKtT ÂZB@^LZFB\QAT 800

El ebtur`ba iukârlbra has hbssbhakts âtlbt daeea has Dltfgebquas+Eas igroueas usuaeeas% dgooa eas tgonas% plrlbssakt lvgbr âtâ

bhaktbquas3 gu% s'be k'ak âtlbt pls lbksb% kgus k'lvgks musqu'bdb

luduk drbtârbuo qub kgus paroatta h'lttrbnuar lux sdfbsol/tbquas taeea gu taeea ha das igroueas h'uslà dgurlkt+ D'ast sau/

eaoakt plr has lkgolebas ha râhldtbgk% gu plr eas dbrdgks/

tlkdas ha el hâdguvarta% qua dartlbks hgduoakts trlfbssakt gurâvæeakt eaur grb`bka sadtlbra+

Xaeea ast datta âpbtlpfa `rlvâa sur uk dbppa ha Tâtbi = « Fbdmldakt Qktlkdus at Bkkudaks% plrtbs Xrb`lrb ³'+ L ak muàr plr

el drgbx ogkg`rlooltbqua hgkt aeea ast prâdâhâa% e'bksdrbptbgklpplrtbakt lu dgooakdaoakt hu v a sbædea+ L datta âpgqua% akLirbqua% ea ogt plrs lvlbt uk saks træs prâdbs% træs plrtbduebar+

Hlks eas Ŕuvras h'Luùstbk at hlks eas hgduoakts ha datta

pârbgha% d'ast ea taroa prgpra pgur hâsb`kar eas sadtas sdfbsol/tbquas = sgbt el `rlkha Aèbsa ha Hgklt &Zlrs Hgkltb-"% sgbt eas

sdfbsoas kâs hu Hgkltbsoa prgpraoakt hbt &Zlrs Bbg`ltb 43 Zlrs

Olxboblkb-3 atd+"+ El Zlrs Xrb`lrb% qua oaktbgkka e' âpbtlpfaha Tâtbi% âtlbt prasqua sóraoakt e'uka ha das patbtas sadtas hbs/

sbhaktas% tgutas egdleas% sb kgonrausas qua% subvlkt Luùstbk%gk ka pguvlbt eas dgoptar% at qua eas sdfbsoltbquas aux/oíoask'lurlbakt pu eas âkuoârar tgutas 1

+ Taegk tguta lpplrakda%Xrb`lrbus âtlbt uk ha das Hgkltbstas bktrlksbàlkts gu h'leeura

bkhâpakhlkta% qub k'lvlbakt pu s'aktakhra lvad el `rlkhaAèbsa ha Hgklt gu qub ak lvlbakt âtâ axdeus% at qub lvlbaktigkhâ ê eaur tgur eaurs patbtas Aèbsas+ Lu tâogb`klà h'Lu/ùstbk% eas lhaptas has sadtas obkusdueas âtlbakt h'lutlkt peus

ibars h'aux/oíoas% h'lutlkt peus sórs ha takbr el vârbtâ% qu'bes

âtlbakt ogbks kgonraux 9+ Ygbeê pgurqugb slks hguta% ê Tâtbi%

sur ea dbppa h'Qktlkdus at h'Bkkgdaks% gk l dru havgbr kgtarqua eas hâiukts âtlbakt liibebâs ê el Zlrs Xrb`lrb+

L Xfavasta% hlks e'ltrbuo ha el `rlkha nlsbebqua dfrâtbakka%sur haux hleeas hu plvaoakt% âtlbt `rlvâa datta bksdrbptbgkoâtrbqua =

SFbd mldUas axebkdStl% Zlt_rb `rlebssbSol_ vbr`g%Sòmrnbdl% qugh kgoak saopar Sb_k lstrl vbàe+

Eluhas bk axdaesbs, Xlebnus araptl takanrbs%Duo tbnb parpâtul rahhbtur lbol hbas '+

<" D+ + E+% YBBB% 691: at bb+ 204+ BBB% 8% >83 Ha nlpebsog% BB% BB% <93>" Gptît% B% >> at >93 <<<%43 Luùstbk% Apbse+ 24% 6% >1+

£pçs5+24%6%>8/>+m3 Dgktrl Apbse+ Zlroa/ 9" Apbse+ 24% 6% >13 Ha nlpebsog% B% 9%kblkb%Qe%n% >83 Ha nlpebsog% <% 9%63 atd+ 63 Lh Dlefgebdgs apbseuel dgktrl Hgkl/

4" Luùstbk% Apbst+ 24% 6% >83 <:% 84+ tbstls% <8% 49+

8" Dgktrl Drasdgkbuo% BY% 9% 0+ 0" @saee% Nuee+ lrdf+ hu Dgobtâ has1" Dgktrl Apbst+ Zlroakblkb% B% 8% 23 trlvlbe b= fbstgrbquas% <629% p+ <98% k >8+



806 EA HGKLXBTOA

D'ast e'âpbtlpfa h'uka dfrâtbakka% kgooâa Qrnbal% qub%h'lpræs ea praobar vars% saonea lvgbr âtâ uka raeb`bausa+ El

peuplrt has igroueas sgkt lussb nlkleas qua ea styea astoâhbgdra% at el varsbibdltbgk bkdgrradta+ Dapakhlkt% e'uka hasigroueas ast tgut ê ilbt lkgrolea = ea Eluhas bk axdaesbs hutrgbsbæoa vars+ D'ast âvbhaooakt uka râobkbsdakda hu @egrblbk axdaesbs <

+ El sunstbtutbgk ha Eluhas ê @egrbl ast dartlbkaoaktbktaktbgkkaeea3 ea râhldtaur y taklbt tlkt% qua datta sunstbtu/tbgk l rakhu ea vars akdgra peus ilux+ Gr% eluhas ast uk ogtha sadtlbra = da Eluhas bk axdaesbs ast uk âqubvleakt ha el

iloausa havbsa Hag eluhas+ Gk l hgkd tgut ebau ha dgksbhârar

dgooa hgkltbstas at ea râhldtaur at el hâiukta% at e'bksdrbptbgk+Qka âpbtlpfa h'Guo Ae/Lnar &râ`bgk h'Lbk Naçhl" ast lbksb

dgkàua = « Bk plda at dgkdgrhtl hadassbt Olrdae&e"us+ F&bd"r&aqubasdbt" n&aka" > ³+ El râhldtbgk ast dgopeætaoakt lkgrolea+@âkârleaoakt% ea kgo hu hâiukt prâdæha eas igroueas = bdb% gke'l ramatâ lpræs+ Zgurqugb7 D'ast qu'gk l vgueu oattra ak raebai

el igrouea bkbtblea+ Zrâdbsâoakt% datta igrouea ast sbkùebæra+

E'axprassbgk usuaeea ast o plda hadassbt+ E'lhhbtbgk at dgkdgrhbl

l pgur gnmat ha hâtarobkar at ha dgopeâtar ea saks ha bk plda+Daeta plx% da k'ast pls el plbx ha el tgona gu hu Zlrlhbs% kb

oíoa el plbx lvad e'Âèbsa% lu saks hâvgt hu taroa 3 d'ast el

plbx raeb`bausa% dgooa e'aktakhlbakt ak Lirbqua eas dgktao/pgrlbks h'Luùstbk% d'ast/ê/hbra e'ukbtâ dltfgebqua+ D'ast da quaogktra nbak e'lhhbtbgk hu ogt dgkdgrhbl% qu'Luùstbk aopegbaslks dassa hlks sas axfgrtltbgks lux Hgkltbstas% hlks sas

lppaes ê el râdgkdbebltbgk% ê el « dgkdgrha ³+ Ea hânut hae'âpbtlpfa sb`kbiba hgkd qua ea hâiukt% lvlkt ha ogurbr% s'âtlbt

râdgkdbebâ lvad e'Âèbsa dltfgebqua+ Xgut pgrta ê drgbra qua da

Olrdaeeus âtlbt uk Hgkltbsta dgkvartb+

Gk l trguvâ ê Elob``b`l &lumgurh'fub Zlstaur gu Tarblkl%

lu Kgrh /Guast ha Nltkl"% hlks e'lnsbha h'uka patbta âèbsa%

e'bksdrbptbgk subvlkta% trldâa ak ogslçqua = « Hb`kbs hb`kl+Zltrb Lràktbg dgrgklo Nakakltus tas&s"ae&e"lvbt t

³+ Gk l druradgkklëtra hlks da pltar Lràktbks uk parsgkklà ha el ebk huvr sbædea% Lràktbus% âvíqua ha Elob``b`l% hgkt be ast quas/

<" Eud% BB% <8 = « X+egrbl bk letbssbobs ³ Irlkda% <2:4% p+ >1<3 <2:8% p+ 48>"+

&Yue`lea"+ ‘ El igrouea @egrbl bk axdae/ >" D+ B+ ‛+% Obe% 80283 <60<8+

sbs has taxtas ebtur`bquas plrlët ítra h'grb/ +'Mb Hgoarùa% âduabe ha Dgkstlktbk-+`bka lirbdlbka3 d'ast el eab3gk h5 ba plr VVYBB% <62>% p+ <183 Fgebkbar/Ybgeea%

tgutas eas bksdrbptbgks lirbdlbkas qub raprg/ bnbh+% VVV%<621% p+ 22/% @saee at 5 +rlbeegt%

kb da varsat &D+ + E+% YBBB% 89>3 Oâelkàs ha e'Adgea ha ^goa% VBY%0:93 <:1823 <:98>= <<9883 <90>:3 Dlel/ <628% p+ 1<>3 @saee% Ogkuoakts «;teb5 kas

egybba hu Ousâa Lelgub% B; 169 ae 26< 3 ha e'Ler ârba% t+ Be% p+ >11+@ludcear[ ebu e+ has Lk Qkbtlbras ha



HGDQOAKXTAZB@^LZFBGQAT 802

tbgk hlks el dgrraspgkhlkda hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh <+

E'bhaktbibdltbgk ast egbk h'ítra dartlbka+ Da qu'gk kgus hbt hae'âèbsa at ha el ogslçqua ka dgkvbakt ùæra ê uka sb nlssaâpgqua% qub âtlbt hâmê% pgur datta plrtba ha e'Lirbqua% ukaâpgqua ha haob/nlrnlrba+ Zubs% e'âvíqua Lràktbus hgkt plrea

@râ`gbra ea @rlkh s'âtlbt rakhu dguplnea ha tguta sgrta ha

oâilbts3 gk e'ldduslbt aktra lutras ha s'ítra elbssâ dgrrgopraplr eas Hgkltbstas% ha eas lvgbr lutgrbsâs ê âebra has prítras%

gu h'lvgbr kgooâ has Hgkltbstas ê has igkdtbgks addeâsbls/

tbquas+ Gk s'axpebquarlbt olelbsâoakt qu'be aót gntaku e'fgk/

kaur h'uka sâpuetura hlks e'lnsbha+ Akibk% e'gk l hâdguvarthlks uka dflpaeea tguta vgbsbka uk ogktlkt ha pgrta gò ast

sdueptâ uk ogkg`rlooa dgkstlktbkbak lddgstâ ha e'l at ha e'l³ =

àkra ha ogkg`rlooa qub âtlbt ê pau præs hâelbssâ pakhlkt el

pârbgha nyzlktbka% olbs qub âtlbt h'uk aopegb dgurlkt akLirbqua lu hânut hu v a sbædea+ Gr% be y l au prâdbsâoakt% ê

Elob``b`l% lu dgooakdaoakt hu v a sbædea% uk lutra âvæquaqub s'lppaelbt â`leaoakt Lràktbus >

+ D'âtlbt uk Hgkltbsta+ Be

kgus ast dgkku plr ea prgdæs/varnle ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlr/

tflà ak 8<<+ Ha da hgduoakt% be râsueta qua eas Dltfgebquas

k'lvlbakt pls legrs h'âvíqua ê Elob``b`l% olbs saueaoakt ukprítra% kgooâ Drasdaktblkus% hâpakhlkt h'uk hbgdæsa vgb/

sbk3 at qua eas Hgkltbstas% lu dgktrlbra% y lvlbakt uk âvíqua%kgooâ Lràktbus 4

+ Tb hgkd% dgooa be saonea% da harkbar par/

sgkklà hgbt ítra bhaktbibâ lvad e'Lràktbus ha el ogslçqua% gkhgbt lhoattra qua e'bksdrbptbgk ast hgkltbsta at sa trguvlbt hlksuka âèbsa hgkltbsta+ Eas hbssbhakts âtlbakt kgonraux at pubs/

slkts hlks el râ`bgk = e'Lràktbus ha el ibk hu YBa sbædea âtlbt

eub/oíoa suspadt ha Hgkltbsoa% at iut lddusâ ê ^goa plr hauxha sas hbldras qub eub raprgdflbakt% aktra lutras drboas% sas

dgopelbslkdas bktârassâas pgur eas sdfbsoltbquas-+ H'lpræs

e'bhaktbibdltbgk prgpgsâa% el ogslçqua ha Elob``b`l havbakt

<" @râ`gbra ea @rluh% ApbsE% B% 6>+

>" << y lvlbt ak Kuobhba haux vbeeas% gu%

tgut lu ogbks% haux hbgdæsas hu kgo ha

Elob``b`l &Dghît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <443

<603 <263 Kgtbtbl ha 868% Kuobh+%k+ <:< at <>>"+ Olbs e'bhaktbtâ has kgosh'âvíquas ka paroat pls ha hgutar qua ea

Hgkltbsta Lràktbus lbt âtâ âvíqua hlks el

Elob``b`l sbtuâa sur e'aopeldaoakt ha

Tarblkl/Zlstaur+ D'ast h'lbeeaurs uk kgohu plys = gk dgkklët uk Lràktbus hbldg/kus ê Ae/Olfhar% e'lkdbakka Dlsla &D+ + E+%

Yeee% <6142"+

4" Dgeeît+ Dlrtfl`+% B% <60 = « Btao

radbtlvbt = « âdlràktbus apbsdgpus Elob`/

`bàksbs ³+ ‘ Duoqua lddassbssat% bhaohbxbt = « Olkhlvb at sunsdrbpsb 3 lhvarsl/rbuo kgk flnag ³+ ‘ Luraebus% apbsdgpusOldgolhbaksbs% hbxbt = « Beebd ast Drasdak/

tblkus prasnytar ³+ ‘ BB ast ildbea ha dgr/rbàr el ngurha `rgssbæra hu dgpbsta qub l

râpâtâ% havlkt ea kgo /ha e'âvíqua% eas pra/

obæras eattras ÂD ha âdbtlvbt = be k'ast

pls hgutaux qua dat âvíqua hgkltbsta s'lp/

paelbt Lràktbus+

8" @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% Apbst+% B% 6> =

«+++ ln Lràkebg% amushao dbvbtltbs apbs/

dgpg% +++ lddaptg prlaobg% Hgkltbstls bk

addeasbbs iubssa prlapgsbtgs ³+



86: EA HGKLXITOA

h'lutlkt peus bktârasslkta = kgus lurbgks eê uka âpbtlpfa hgkl/tbsta ha el praobæra ogbtbâ hu v a sbædea+

Dgooa gk ea vgbt% àê at eê% hlks eas dboatbæras dfrâtbaksh'Lirbqua% ole`râ e'bhaktbtâ grhbklbra has igroueas% dartlbkasâpbtlpfas trlfbssakt eaur grb`bka sdfbsoltbqua+ Da `rgupa hahgduoakts s'ast akrbdfb tgut ê dgup% be y l quaequas lkkâas% plreas hâdguvartas ha Nakblk &Lel Obeblrbl"% ak Dâslrbakka+ << kas'l`bt peus bdb ha quaequas tgonas bsgeâas% olbs h'uka patbta

kâdrgpgea axdeusbvaoakt hgkltbsta% gò sa prasslbakt has sâpue/

turas ha deards% ha raeb`bausas% h'ævíquas% tgus sdfbsoltbquas+

Kgus lvgks sb`kleâ hâmê ea dlvalu at e'âpbtlpfa ha el olrtyra^gnnl% datta raeb`bausa hgkltbsta qub iut tuâa plr has Dltfg/ebquas ea >1 olrs 848 e

+ Zræs ha sl sâpuetura at ak sgk fgkkaur%aktra eas lkkâas 848 at 842% gk nîtbt uka nlsbebqua+ Dat âhbibda%

hgkt eas rubkas gkt âtâ igubeeâas dgopeætaoakt% âtlbt sbtuâ hlksel plrtba grbaktlea h'uka akdabkta igrtbibâa3 ea dfavat rapgslbtsur e'lkdbak raoplrt+ E'âèbsa âtlbt egkùa ha >9 oætras% elràha <&" oætras+ Aeea âtlbt prâdâhâa h'uk pgrtbqua% at dgopraklbttrgbs kais sâplrâas plr has rlk`âas ha pbebars qub sgutaklbakthas lrdlhas+ Harrbæra ea dfŔur% qub âtlbt bsgeâ plr hgs `rbeeas

gu has nlrrbæras ha ngbs% ê hrgbta at ê `ludfa h'uka astrlha akolàgkkarba qub pgrtlbt slks hguta uk lutae ha ngbs% haux asdl/

ebars hgkklbakt lddæs ê uka lnsbha surâeavâa% grkâa h'ukadgegkklha at ielkquâa ha haux sldrbstbas+ Tgus e'lnsbha âtlbt

loâkl`âa uka drypta% h'gò% plr uka iakítra% gk lpardavlbte'bktârbaur hu dlvalu ha el olrtyra ^gnnl+ Harrbæra ea dfavatha el nlsbebqua s'leb`klbakt sapt dlvalux radtlkùelbras% daeub

ha el olrtyra lu obebau+ Zeusbaurs ha das dflonras iukârlbrasâtlbakt lktârbauras ê el dgkstrudtbgk ha e'âèbsa+ Gk y l aksa/vaeb ê hbvarsas raprbsas% aktra eas lkkâas <>> at bbb'++ Be y lvlbt

lussb has sâpueturas sgus ea pgrdfa ha el nlsbebqua+ \uaequasuks has parsgkklàs qub rapgslbakt hlks datta kâdrgpgea plrlbs/

sakt lvgbr âtâ has deards ha vbeeas vgbsbkas = Lel Obeblrbl âtlbt

havakua% pgur da dgbk ha Olurâelkba% el igrtarassa hu Hgkl/tbskbd

L kgtra dgkklbsslkda% d'ast ak 8>> qua dgooakdærakt hlksdatta kâdrgpgea eas bkfuoltbgks ha deards hbssbhakts+ Ea 0 gdtgnra Ob ogurlbt% ê e'îà ha dbkqulkta lks% el raeb`bausa euebl

@aebgel% sg'bbrha +Kaoasslkus% dvæqua hgkltbsta h Lel Obeblrbl+

Ea // hâdaonra subvlkt% dat âvíqua suddgonlbt ê sgk tgur% î`âha sgbxlkta lks+ Gk aksavaebt ea iræra at el sbaur hlks ea oíoa

<" @saee% Igubeeas ha Nakblk% p+ >13 p+ ><03 Ogkuoakts lktbquas 5ea e'Le`â/

D+ &+ ha e'Ldlh+ has Bksdrbpe+% <622% rba% e+ Be% |;+ <06%




dlvalu% ea praobar ha el sârba hu døtâ hu Kgrh+ D'ast slks hgutaê datta gddlsbgk qua e'gk dgooakàl e'loâklàoakt hu dboa/tbæra+ Tur el ilàlha ha el dflonra iukârlbra% ê e'Ast% gk akdlstrluka pbarra qub pgrtlbt datta âpbtlpfa% lumgurh'fub lu Ousâa huEguvra = « Oaogrbl slkdeb saoparqua ègrbgsb pltrbs kgstrb Ka/ikasslkb ap&b"s&dgpb"+ Ybxbt lkkbs EV% bktar qubnus VYQe qugssldarhgtbuo H{goç"kg lhobkbstrlvbt% at raqubavbt bk plda VBC{l"e&akhls" el7bulrbl&s"% l&kkg" p&rgvbkdbla" DDDEVVVat Qe+‘ eu ebl @aebg l% sldrl Hab% sldarhgtbs sgrgr% vbxbt lkkbs E% at

raqubavbt bk plda kgkl&s" gdtg&nras" l&kkg" p{rgvbkdbla" DDDEVVVat Qe w <

+ H'lpræs ea tbtra ha pltar kgstar hgkkâ ê Kaoasslkus%gk ka paut hgutar qua da parsgkklà lbt âtâ âvíqua ha el dbtâ

oíoa h'Lel Obeblrbl 3 be y lvlbt axardâ eas igkdtbgks âpbsdg/pleas pakhlkt hbx/fubt lks+ Be plrlët lvgbr âtâ lssaz pgpuelbra+Hlks ea dlvalu gò be rapgslbt% gk l raeavâ has `rliibtb% trldâs êel pgbkta sur el dflux% slks hguta plr has pæearbks = kgtlooakt%ea kgo h'uka ^g`ltl% at uk lepflnat prasqua dgopeat-+

Gkza lks peus tlrh% gk loâklàl gu e'gk utbebsl pgur ea prítraYbdtgr uka lutra dflonra iukârlbra% el sadgkha ha el sârba êplrtbr hu Kgrh+ Da dlvalu dgooukbqulbt plr uka pgrta bktâ/

rbaura lvad daeub ha e'âvíqua Kaoasslkus+ L e'aktrâa% gk pelàldatta âpbtlpfa = « Oaog&rbl" Ybdtgrbs p&ras"n{bmtarb"+ Ybdxbt lkkbsEQ3 hbs&dassbt" VB C{l"eSakhls" gdtgnras"+ Eudblkus irlear iadbt+

&Lkkg" prg&vbkdbla" DDDVDat e ee ³ 4+ Gk vgbt qua ea prítra

Ybdtgr âtlbt ogrt ê dbkqulkta/haux lks% ea >< saptaonra 844% at

qu'be iut aksavaeb plr eas sgbks ha sgk iræra Eudblkus+

Ea prítra Drasdaks ka tlrhl pls ê ramgbkhra sgk dgeeæùa+Be suddgonl ê dbkqulkta/dbkq lks% ea >0 iâvrbar 848% at e'gkhâpgsl sgk dgrps hlks uk has dlvalux hu Tuh+ Ygbdb sgk âpb/tlpfa = « Oao&grbl" Drasdakebs p{ras"n{bm tarb" + Ybxbt lkkbs EY3 hbs/

&dassbt" eee Cl{eakhls" Olrtbls% lkkg prg&vbkdbla" DDDVDY ³-+

Ak da taops eê% eas haux plrtbs ak vbkrakt lux olbks hlks el

râ`bgk h'Lel Obeblrbl+ Ea >1 olrs 848% el raeb`bausa ^gnnl pârbtsgus eas dgups has Dltfgebquas+ Gk ibt h'aeea uka olrtyra+ Gkeub râsarvl el pelda h'fgkkaur% ea dlvalu daktrle% hlks el sârbahas dflonras iukârlbras 3 at% havlkt sgk tgonalu% e'gk dgo/oakàl el dgkstrudtbgk ha el nlsbebqua+

Eas bkfuoltbgks ha deards hbssbhakts dgktbkuærakt% ê has bk/tarvleeas peus gu ogbks rlpprgdfâs% musqua vars ea obebau huv d

sbædea+ Ea hbldra Olurus vbkt ê ogurbr ea 4: kgvaonra 842+

<" D+ + E+% YBBB% ><10: 3 @saee% Igubeeas 4" D+ B+ E+% YBBB% ><108+ha Nakblk% p+ ><+ 8" Bnbh+% YBBB% ><104+

>" @saee% Igub eas ha Nakblk% p+ >:/><+

BY 4<



86> EA HGKLXBTOA

Gk muàl slks hguta qu'uk sbopea hbldra sarlbt hâplysâ luobebau h'âvíquas gu ha prítras3 gk e'aksavaebt sgus ea pgrdfa hae'âèbsa% gò Xgk l trguvâ sgk âpbtlpfa = « O&aogrbl" OlurSb"hSbldgkçU+ Ybdxbt lkSkbs_ EVV3 hbsdassbt prbUhba Cle&akhls"hadaSo_nras% lk&kg" p&rgvbkdbla" DDDD ³ '+Ea 4< hâdaonrah'uka has lkkâas subvlktas% da iut ea tgur h'uk âvíqua kgooâHgkltus+ Gk eub râsarvl ea trgbsbæoa dlvalu ê plrtbr hu Kgrh%dgktbùê daeub ha ^gnnl+ Tur el ilàlha% gk pelàl datta âpbtlpfa%

peus hâvaegppâa qua eas prâdâhaktas = « Oaog&rbl" slkdtb pler&bs"

Hgkltb ap&b"s&dgpb"+++ Ybxbt lkkbs EVVV%bktar qubnus+++ sldar/

hgtbuo H&goç"kg ltobkbstUrlvbt 3 at_ raq&u"bavbt prbhba SC&l"e&dk/hls" e_lk&k"lSr&bls"_+++ sus hbldgkus irltrb iadbt+ SL&kkg" p_r&gvbk/

dblâ" DDDDat +++ ³ U E'bksdrbptbgk ast outbeâa plr akhrgbts 3 gkdgkstlta saueaoakt qua e'âvíqua Hgkltus lvlbt qultra/vbk`tslks% qu'be rakhbt e'îoa uk 4< hâdaonra lpræs e'lkkâa 842% at

qua ea ogkuoakt iut âeavâ plr sgk iræra% uk hbldra+ Yars ea

oíoa taops% hlks ea harkbar has dlvalux hu Tuh% gk hâpgsl ea

dgrps h'uk prítra% qub s'lppaelbt â`leaoakt Hgkltus% at qub

âtlbt ogrt ê sgbxlkta lks ea << olrs 889+ Ygbdb e'âpbtlpfa =

« Oaog&rbl" Hgkltb p&ras"n&ytarb"+ Ybdxbt lkkbs EV3 hbsdassbt Ybhus olrtbls% lkkg pr&gvbkdbla" DDDDat YQ ³'+

Tgus ea pgrdfa ha el nlsbebqua% gk l akdgra hâdguvart ukaâpbtlpfa h'âvíqua% qub l âtâ trlkspgrtâa lu Ousâa hu Eguvra%dgooa eas prâdâhaktas+ Aeea dgktaklbt has hâtlbes bktârasslkts%

olbs ast olefaurausaoakt træs outbeâa+ Gk ebt akdgra =

« +++ bus ap&b"s&dgpus" elkkg+++ SAd_deasbl L el&obbblraksb" % tao+++

UraqubaUvbt bk ibha AvlkàSebb+++U ³8

+ Ea hâiukt saonea lvgbr âtâ

grb`bklbra h'uka dbtâ vgbsbka = be l hó axardar e'âpbsdgplt hlksuka egdlebtâ% h'lbeeaurs bkdgkkua% hgkt ea kgo dgooakàlbt plrelkkg+++ El subta ha e'bksdrbptbgk dgktbakt el oaktbgk ha R Ad/

deasbl Lelobeblraksbs = e'âvíqua s'âtlbt prgnlneaoakt râiu`bâ

hlks el vbeea h'Lel Obeblrbl% gò be ogurut at iut aksavaeb+ El ibk

ha e'bksdrbptbgk prâsakta uka igrouea træs dlrldtârbstbqua =

raqubavbt bk ibha Avlkqaebb+ D'ast uka prgiassbgk træs katta ha igb

hgkltbsta = gk slbt qua eas hbssbhakts lirbdlbks prâtakhlbakt ítra

saues ê râlebsar sur tarra e'bhâle âvlk`âebqua<

+

<" @saeb% Igubeeas ha Nakblk% p+ 8>+ mgurs% 5•5•% dâeænra olrtyr hgkltbsta « flna/

>" D+ + ‛+% Yeee% ><10<+ nle bk sarogka Avlkàebuo% bk dg`btltbgka

4" @saee% Igubeebs ha Nakblk% p+ >0+ rglrtyrbuo ³ Se'lssbg Olrdueb% p+ 0ib>

8" D+ BE+% Yeee% ><10>3 @saee% Igubeeas Ob`ka"+ El igrouea bk ibha Avlkàebbb+ Nakblk% p 8>3 Fârgk ëea Ybeeaigssa% ha e'âpbtlpfa h'Lel Obeblrbl as, prasqua el

Fubt% has Lktbqulbras ëea Irlkda% <2::% trlksdrbptbgk h'uka igrouea qua dgktbake

e³+ bk+ e'dk/tøea 5eb' el eattra sm elba hu dgkdbea

1" Ea nbg`rlpfa ae plkâ`yrbsta ha Olr/ olxboblkbsta ha Dlnlrsussl ak '&'+³•,=

kgus 'ebt qua% pakhlkt sas harkbars «+++ irltrbnus ltqua dgeeâ`bs par ukbvarslo




Gk vgbt e'bopgrtlkda fbstgrbqua hgs hâdguvartas ha Nakblk =

datta âvgdltbgk bklttakhua h'uka patbta dbtâ hgkltbsta ak peabkaOlurâtlkba% da durbaux aksaonea ha rubkas at h'bksdrbptbgks%

datta nlsbebqua% da dlvalu ha olrtyra lvad el drypta dgrraspgk/hlkta% das dflonras iukârlbras at das tgonas ha sdfbsoltbquas%das âpbtlpfas h'âvíquas% ha prítras% ha hbldras% ha raeb`bausas+

Kgus slbsbssgks eê sur ea vbi el vbtlebtâ hu sdfbsoa lirbdlbk% sl

igrda ha râsbstlkda lpræs tgutas eas egbs ha prgsdrbptbgk% e'aktí/

taoakt ha sgk dear`â lpræs el vbdtgbra lpplrakta has Dltfgebquas%e'loâklàoakt h'uka nlsbebqua at h'uka kâdrgpgea hu plrtb hbs/

sbhakt+ Akibk% eas âpbtlpfas kgus igurkbssakt has bkhbdltbgksprâdbausas sur ea igrouelbra has tgonas+

Hlks da igrouelbra% gk gnsarva ê el igbs ha irlpplktas lkl/eg`bas lvad daeub has Dltfgebquas% at has hbiiârakdas sb`kbibdl/

tbvas+ Has igroueas dgooa h sdassbt% gu iadbt% gu oaogrbllvad uk `âkbtbi% gurahhbhbt spbrbtuo% gu raqkbavbt at raqubavbt bk

plda% gu vbxbt lkkbs% sgkt h'uslà dgurlkt dfaz eas Dltfgebquaslirbdlbks+ Olbs h'lutras igroueas lpplrtbakkakt ak prgpra lux

sdfbsoltbquas+ Xaeeas sgkt% hlks e'âpbtlpfa ha ^gnnl% eas axpras/sbgks qub trlhubsakt eaur flbka dgktra eas Dltfgebquas &dlahatrlhbtgruo vaxl tl"% gu eaur tfâgrba sur el hb`kbtâ hu olrtyra&oarubt hb`kbtltao olrtbrbb"+ Musqua hlks el ebtur`ba iukârlbra%gk surprakh uka takhlkda ê sunstbtuar ea ogt at e'bhâa hgkl/tbstas lu ogt trlhbtbgkkae at ê e'bhâa dltfgebqua+ Ak 8>>% hlkse'âpbtlpfa ha e'âvíqua Kaoasslkus at ha @debgel% eas hbssbhaktsdgksarvakt uka axprassbgk ilobebæra ê eaurs lhvarslbras = raquba/

vbt bk plda+ Zeus tlrh% ea bk plda hbsplrlët dgopeætaoakt+ D'ast

qua ea ogt plx% gk s'ak sguvbakt% hâsb`klbt legrs ak Lirbqua el

plbx raeb`bausa% el dgooukbgk dltfgebqua+ Zgur âvbtar ea

oleaktakhu% eas sdfbsoltbquas âdlrtakt hâsgrolbs da taroasuspadt+ Tur uka has tgonas% bes raopeldakt ea raqubavbt bk pldaha 8>> plr uka igrouea dgkigroa ê eaur bhâle sadtlbra = raquba/vbt bk ibha Avlkàebb+

Gk hgbt kgtar surtgut% hlks el kâdrgpgea ha Nakblk% eas axpras/sbgks qub vbsakt eas âvíquas+ Eas Hgkltbstas vâkârlbakt eas dfais

ha eaurs Aèbsas% lu pgbkt qua eaurs lhvarslbras eas ldduslbakth'uka sgrta h'bhgeîtrba

<

+ Gr% sur eas tgonas âpbsdgpleas h'LelObeblrbl% gk raeæva has igroueas aopfltbquas &slkdtb saoparquaègrbgsb pltrbs kg s trb Kaoasslkb apbsdgpb3 slkdtb pltrbs Hgkltb

Lirbdlbk+++% sah at prasnyta rbs at hbldgkbs% <" Gptît% BB% ><3 Luùstbk% Apbst+ <:6%

ukbvarsbs peanbnus bk varbelea Avlkàebb >% 1 3 Dgktrl ebe eavls Zaebeblkb% be% >4%

kgnbsauo obebtlktbnus ³ &Luùstbk% Taro+ gb+

Be bk Zsleo+ =b9% >:"+



868 EA HGKLXBTOA

apbsdgpb"% qub dgktrlstakt lvad el sbopebdbtâ hu igrouelbra akuslà sur eas tgonas has prâelts dltfgebquas hu plys+ Das âvgquashgkltbstas axaràlbakt sur eaur dgoouklutâ uka lutgrbtâ has/

pgtbqua3 bes k'âtlbakt pls saueaoakt lu sgooat ha el fbârlrdfba%

bes hgobklbakt ha træs flut tgus eas lutras deards '+ Da trlbt s'gn/

sarva akdgra hlks râpb`rlpfbah'LelObeblrbl+ Zgur dflqua âvíqua%gk bkhbqua lvad sgbk el hurâa axldta ha e'âpbsdgplt = sldarhg/

tbbto Hgobkg lhobkbstrlvbt lkkgs K+ Nbak obaux% oíoa pguraxprboar e'bhâa ha el ogrt at hu rapgs âtarkae% gk aopegba has

igroueas prbvbeâ`bâas sur eas tgonas âpbsdgpleas+ Zrítras at

hbldras k'gkt hrgbt qu'ê hbsdassbe = lux âvgquas ast râsarvâa el

igrouea peus sgeakkaeea raquçavbt+

Lutgrbtâ sguvarlbka has âvíquas% vâkârltbgk hâvgta pgur eas

dfais ha dgoouklutâ% bhâle âvlk`âebqua% gnstbkltbgk ê ramatar

el dgooukbgk dltfgebqua% prââobkakda hu olrtyra = tgus das

trlbts% sb lddusâs hlks e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa% sa ratrguvakthlks e'âpb`rlpfbahael kâdrgpgea h'Lel Obeblrbl+ H'uka igrouea%h'uk ogt% das âpbtlpfas ha deards hbssbhakts râsuoakt eas prbk/

dbpas% eas saktboakts gu eas prâtaktbgks hu plrtb+

B" Gptît% BBB% 4 3 Luùstbk% Taro+ Be bk Zsleo+ 49% >:+



LZZAKHBDA





LZZAKHBDA

B+BTXF DF^GKGEG@B\QA HAT HGDEFAKXT H:K8XBTXATGQ ÂELXBIT LQ HGKLXBTOA

HLXAT HGDE'OA+KXT ZLibAT

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Ihbts ha Hbgdeâtbak at ha Olxbobak dgktra eas dfrâ/tbaks

Ldtl Oukltb Iaebdbs% prgdæs/varnle has parqubsb/tbgks at

hasslbsbas hlks e'âèbsa ha Dbrtl + + +

@asel lpuh prlaiadtuo% prgdæs/varnlux has slb/

sbas hlks eas âèbsas ha Fgoa@asel punebal% raeltbis ê el trlhbtbg ha Iâebx

h'Lntfu`kb% Kgvaeeus ha Xyzbdl% at Ilustbkus haXfunurng

Zrgdæs/varnle has bktarrg`ltgbras has olrtyrs h'L/nbtbkl% âeâoakt igkhloaktle has Ldtl Tlturkbkb+

Olkbiasta has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbkl + + + + + +

Ldtl olreyruo kgk bhaktbibâs% prghubts ê el Dgk/iârakda ha 8<< + + /

Eattra ha Oaksurbus+ âvâqua ha Dlrtflà% ê Taduk/hus ha Xb`bsb% prbolt ha Kuobhba

^âpgksa ha Tadukhus ê OaksurbusZrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl {Ldtl dgkdbebb Dbreaksbs" + +

@as tl lpuh prlaiadtuo+ Ldta ha rastbtutbgk lu plpaObetblha% plr grhra ha Olxakda% has âèbsas ha^goa

Ldtas hu Dgkdbea has 0: âvíquas hbssbhakts ê Dlr/tflà

Zrgdæs/varnle has kâ`gdbltbgks prâebobklbras lvadDladbeblkus% râdaooakt âeu âvíqua ha Dlrtflà+

Zrgdæs/varnlux has akquítas &dg`kbtbg" at hgs râ/qubsbtgbras dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtfl a% Iâebxh'Lntfu`kb% Kgvaeeus ha Xyzbdl at Ilustbkus haXfunurng

Zrgdæs/varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs {Takeaktbla" ha

dflduk has oaonras hu DgkdbeaTaktaktbl ha e'âvíqua OlrdblkusZrgdæs/varnle has hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea ++++Eattras sykghleas lux Aèbsas lirbdlbkas ++++Eattras ha dgooukbgk lhrassâas ê Dladbeblkus ha

Dlrtflà plr hbvarsas tèbsas h'gutra /oar + +

<:

>:8

>:1

>:8

>:8>:8

>:8

>:8>:84>9

>:1

4>6

4>6

4>2

44:44:44<44<

>:1

<+ Gutra eas hgduoakts fbstgrbquas ha tgut àkra% qub sgkt âtuhbâ/3 hlks ea prâsakt vgeuoa% kgusbkhbqugks bdb% olbs slks rakvgb kb râiârakdas% eas Ŕuvras ebttârlbras% hgklebstas gu lktbhgkltbstas%trlbtâs% plopfeats% raeltbgk7% eattras% sarogks% hbsdgurs% atd++ %

qub sargkt âtuhbâas hlks ea vgeuoasubvlkt+



866 LZZAKHBDA

HLXAT HGDQOAKXT ZLGCT

Ibk ha 4">&gu hânut ha 4<4"

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Aktra 4<> at 4>:Bh+

4<4 &ei% lvrbe"

Bh+

Bh+

4<4 &obebau ha e'lkkâa "

Bh+

Bh

Bh+

4<4 &> gdtgnra"Bh+

4<4 &gdtgnra"

Bh+

O+Bh+

Bh+

4<4 &ebk ha e'lkkâa"

Bh+

4<4/4<8

O <4 &ibk ha e'lkkâb

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus+ ‘âstbtutbgk has âèbsas >::Kguvaeea eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus+‘ Booukbtâs lux deards dltfgebquas ++++Ldel prgdgksuelrbl% dgkstltlkt el kgtbibdltbgk%

ilbta plr ea prgdgksue ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàat lux Dltfgebquas lirbdlbks% has booukbtâs lddgr/hâas plr e'aoparaur >::

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà+ ‘Tadgurs ak lràkt lux dgoouklutâs dltfgebquaslirbdlbkas >::

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Qrsus% rlebkklebs h'Lirbqua+‘ Bkstrudtbgks pgur el hbstrbnutbgk has sadgurs

lux AèbsasZbæda raeltbva ê el râplrtbtbgk has sgooas h'lràkt

aktra eas Âèbsas lirbdlbkas >::Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus+ ‘

Grhra ha sgutakbr Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà dgktraeas hbssbhakts >::

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Zlerbdbus+‘ Bkstrudtbgks lklegùasZraobæra radaksbgk hgkltbsta has Ldtl Tleurkbkb+Tarogk prgkgkdâ ê Dgkstlktbka plr e'âvíqua hgkl/

ebsta Tbevlkus+^lppgrt &raelebg" hu prgdgksue Lkuebkus ê Dgks/

tlktbk% ‘ Akvgb h'uka âquíta has hbssbhakts +

Ebnaeeus Addeasbla dle w bdla drbobkuo Dladb/eblkb% râqubsbtgbra dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlr/tflà lu kgo hu plrtb has hbssbhakts ++++ >:1

e'radas lh Dgksblktbkuo% raquíea has hbssbhakts+ >:9Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu plpa Obeeblha% raeltbva ê el

dgkvgdltbgk hu dgkdbea ha ^goa >:<Eattras ha dgkvgdltbgk% lhrassâas plr Dgkstlktbk

lux âvíquas `luegbs ^fatbdbus h'Lutuk% Oltarkusha Dgeg`ka% 1elrbkus h'Lreas >:<

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue Lkuebkus+ ‘Grhra h'akvgyar ê ^goa Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflàat hbx raprâsaktlkts ha dflqua plrtb ++++ >:<

Tadgkh rlppgrt &raeltbg" hu prgdgksue Lkuebkus êDgkstlktbk+

‘Kgtbibdltbgk hu hâplrt has âvíquas

lirbdlbks >:<Lreas hu Dgkdbea ha ^goa 442Hakboe+bkibgkbs ebnaeeus lhvakus Dladbeblkuo%

râqubsbtgbra has hbssbhakts prâsaktâ lu dgkdbea + 48:Zrgdæs/varflux has trgbs sâlkdas hu dgkdbea ha

^goa 48:Taktaktbla gu hguneas vgtas ogtbvâs has oaonras

hu dgkdbea 48>Takeaktbl hu plpa Obetblha +48>

Taktakda hu Dgkdbea 484^lppgrt hu dgkdbea ê e'aoparaur 484Lppae &lppaeelebg" has hbssbhakts dgktra el sak/

takda hu dgkdbea ha ^goa >:0^lppgrt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua e+elebus% sur eas prg/

tastltbgks has hbssbhakts >:<LdQb pur`ltbgkbs Iaebdbs% hgssbar ha e'akquíta

sur Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb >eib

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua DebksZluebkus+ ‘ Grhra h'guvrbr uka akquíta sur el

d eub ,5 ha Iâebx% âvíqua h'Lntfu`kb ++++ >:<Eattra h' Aebus Zluebkus 3ox huuovbrl h'Lntfu`kb+

Bkstrudtbgks raeltbvas ê e'akquíta >>4



EBTXA DF^GKGEG@B\QA HAT HGDQOAKXT 862

HLXAT HGDQOAKXT ZL@AT

4<4 &tbk ha e'lkkâa"

Bh+

Bdb+

4<4 &gu hânut ha 4<8"

Bh+

4<8 &<2 mlkvbar"

bh+

Bh+

4<8 &<1 iâvrbar"

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+4<8 &ibk ha iâvrbar"

4<8 &prbktaops"

Bh+

4<8 &obebau ha e'lkkâa"

4<8 &<« lgót"Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

Bh+

4<8 &lpræs ea <. lgót

Bh+

4<1 &>6 lvrbe"

Zrgdæs/ varnle h'uka luhbakda ê el durba h'Lntfu/`kb >>4

^lppgrt sur el dgoplrutbgk ha e'ax/huuovbr LeibusDladbeblkus ê el durba h'Lntfu`kb >>4

^lppgrt sur el dgoplrutbgk hu sdrbna Obddbus ê eldurba h'Lntfu`kb >>4

Ilussa eattra ha e'âvíqua Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb lusdrbna Bkàktbus% ilnrbquâa plr Bkàktbus+ + + >>8

Eattra ha e'ax/huuovbr Leibus Dladbeblkus ê Iâebxh'Lntfu`kb% bktarpgeâa plr Bkàktbus ++++ >>4

Zrgdæs/varnle ha e'luhbakda takua ê el durba haDlrtflà plr ea huuovbr Luraebus Hbhvous Tpa/ratbus >>4

^âqubsbtgbra ha e'lvgdlt Olxbous% lu kgo hasHgklebstas >>4

Hâpgsbtbgk h'Leibus Dladbeblkus% ax huuovbr h'Lntfu/`kb >>4

Zrgdæs/varnle ha e'luhbakda prgdgksuelbra ha Dlr/tflà% havlkt ea prgdgksue Aeblkus >>4

Bktarrg`ltgbra hu dakturbgk Tuparbus >>>Bktarrg`ltgbra ha Deluhbus Tlturblkus% lkdbak durl/

egr h'Lntfu`kb >>>Bktarrg`ltgbra ha Dleebhbus @rltblkus% durltgr

h'Lntfu`kb >>>Bktarrg`ltgbra ha Tgeg% sarvus puneblbs gu giib

dblebs h'Lntfu`kb >>>Zrgdæs/varnle ha e'bktarrg`ltgbra h'Leibus Dladbebl/kus% ax/huuovbr h'Lntfu`kb >>4

^âqubsbtgbra ha e'lvgdlt Lprgkblkus dgktra eas bk/trbùas at eas ilux has Hgkltbstas% lu kgo hasDltfgebquas >>8

Zrgdæs/varnlux has bktarrg`ltgbras hu ilusslbra Bk/àktbus >>8

Taktakda hu prgdgksue +/IMblkus >>8^lppgrt hu prgdgksue +IMblkus ê e'aoparaur+ ‘

^âsuetlts ha e'akquíta >:<Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Dfrastus% âvíqua ha Tyrl/

dusa+ ‘ Dgkvgdltbgk lu Dgkdbea h'Lreas + + + >:>Eattras lklegùas ha Dgkstlktbk lux âvgquas btlebaks%

`luegbs% nratgks gu aspl`kges% qub havlbaktprakhra plrt lu dgkdbea h'Lreas >:>

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua +[Ml/ibus+ ‘ Grhra ha ilbra plrtbr pgur Lreas Dladb/eblkus ha Dlrtflà at eas lutras âvíquas lirbdlbkshâsb`kâs plr eas haux plrtbs >:>

Ldtas hu Dgkdbea h'Lreas 481Zrgdæs/ varnlux has sâlkdas% at râqubsbtgbras has

sdfbsoltbquas dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà+ + 489Dlkgks hu dgkdbea 489Eattra sykghlea lu plpa Tbevastra 480Lutra râhldtbgk ha datta eattra sykghlea% lvad eas

sb`klturas h'âvíquas at eas dlkgks 480Eattra hu dgkdbea h'Lreas ê e'Aèbsa ha Dlrtflà+‘ Kgtbibdltbgk ha el saktakda 486^lppgrt hu dgkdbea ê e'aoparaur 486Lppae &lppaeeltbg" has Hgkltbstas ê Dgkstlktbk

dgktra el saktakda hu dgkdbea h'Lreas ++++ >:6^âpgksa ha Dgkstlktbk lux âvíquas hu Dgkdbea

h'Lreas 482Eattra has Zrâiats hu prâtgbra lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua

Hgobtbus Daesus+ ‘ Bkstrudtbgks pgur ea ratgurak Lirbqua has âvíquas hgkltbstas >:>



82: LZZAKHBDA


4<1 &hânut ha e'lkkâa"

4<1 &obebau ha e'lkkâa"

eh+

4<1 &ibk ha e'lkkâa"

eh+

Yars 4<1

4<9

4<9 &âtâ"

4<9&hânut ha kgvaonra"

4<9 &<: kgvaonra"

Ibk ha 4<9gu hânut ha 4<04<2 &>2 olrs"

4>: &>1 iâvrbar"

Yars 4>: &<> olrs"Yars 4>:

4>: &8 hâdaonra"4>: &6 hâdaonra"

eh+

eh+

eh+

eh+

Mh+

Bh+

eh+

eh+

eh+

eh+

eh+

bh+

bh+

eh+

eh+

4>: bbo ha e'lko

4/< &hânut ha e'lkkâa"

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu prgdgksue Zrgnblkus+ ‘Grhra h'akvgyar ê ^goa ea ilusslbra Bkàktbus +

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà+ ‘Bkvbtltbgk ê dgoplrlëtra havlkt e'aoparaur + +

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lux âvíquas hgkltbstas% hâeâ/ùâs ha eaur plrtb% qub s'âtlbakt rakhus lu Dgk/dbea h'Lreas+ ‘ Bkvbtltbgk lklegùa

^lppgrt hu vbdlbra Hgobtbus Daesus sur el parsbs/tlkda ha e'l`btltbgk hgkltbsta ak Lirbqua + + +

^âpgksa ha Dgkstlktbk ê Hgobtbus Daesus+ ‘ Oa/suras ê prakhra dgktra eas Hgkltbstas + + + +

Zbædas hu prgdæs bktaktâ lu plpa Tbevastra% havlkt

e'aoparaur Dgkstlktbk% slks hguta plr has Hgkl/tbstas

Zbædas raeltbvas lu sâmgur ha Dladbeblkus at ha Hg/kltus% eas haux âvíquas rbvlux ha Dlrtflà% hlksel Fluta/Btleba

Hgssbar ha e'akquíta ilbta ê Dlrtflà% sur e'grhra

ha e'aoparaur% plreas âvíquas Aukgobus at Geyo/pbus

Taktakda ha Dgkstlktbk &muhbdbuo Dgkstlkebkb%boparblebs slkdtbg"% rakhua ê Obelk% ak ilvaurha Dladbeblkus at dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ + + +

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Atboaebus+‘ Kgtbibdltbgk ha el saktakda bopârblea + + +

Egb ha Dgkstlktbk dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Ahbth'ukbgk

Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea Ha ilrkgsbs ebnaeebs% lhras/sâa lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus

Dgkstbtutbgk lklegùa Ha ilrkgsbs ebnaeebs% lhrassâalu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua +Ceblkus

Tarog ha Zlssbgka Hg7bltb+Zlopfeat dgktra Dladbeblkus ha Dlrtflà% at sa/

dgkha radaksbgk hgkltbsta has Ldtl Tlturkbkb+Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea Ha ilogsbs ebnaeebs + + +

@asel lpuh ]akgpcbeuo+ hgssbar ha e'akquítailbta ê Xflou`lhb plr ]akgpfbeus% dgksuetlbsha Kuobhba% sur el dgkhubta ha Tbevlkus% âvíqua

hgkltbsta ha DgkstlktbkaEbnaeeus hu hbldra Kukhbklrbus% dgktaklkt saslddusltbgks dgktra sgk âvíqua Tbevlkus+ + + +

Eattra ha e'âvíqud hgkltbsta Zurpurbus ê Tbevlkus+

Eattra «ea Zurpurbks lu dear`â hgkltbsta ha Dgks/tlktbka

Eattra ha e'âvíqua hgkltbsta Igrtbs ê Tbevlkus + +

Eattra ha Igrtbs lu dear`â hgkltbsta ha Dgkstlk/tbka

Eattra ha e'âvíqua hgkltbsta Tlnbkus ê Tbevlkus +

Eattra ha Tlnbkus l sgk dgeeæùa Igrtbs ++++Zrgdæs/varnlux has bktarrg`ltgbras hu `rloolbrbak

Ybdtgr% lkdbak eadtgr ha B Aèbsa ha Dbrtl+ + +

Bktarrg`ltgbras has igssgras Ybdtgr Tuosubçdb at

Tlturkbkus %

Bktarrg`ltgbra hu hbldra TlturkbkusBktarrg`ltgbra hu hbldra i+lstus + + ++++Bktarrg`ltgbra hu sgus/hbldra Drasdaktëlkus+Bktarrg`ltgbra hu sgus/hbldra elkulrfbs ++++Bktarrg`ltgbra hu prítra Hgktbus gu Hgkltus+ + +

Bktarrg`ltgbra hu hbldra EudblkusTaktakda hu dgksuelrbs ]akgpfbeus / Axbe ha

e'âvíqua TbevlkusTuppebqua ebnaeeus has e ltbstas parsâdutâs ê

Dgkstlktbk

>:>

>:>

>:>

>:>

>:4

>:9

>:2

>:2

<20

>:4

<20

<22

<22

<22

>M6

>44>4>

>4>>4>

>4>>4>>4>

>4>

>4>>4>>44

>44>4Ë,

>4>

>40

>:6



EBTXA DF^GKGEG@B\QA HAT HGDQOAKXT 82<


4>< &hânut ha olb"4>< &1 olb"

Yars 4>>

4>8 &hânut ha e'lkkâa"

Yars 4>1

4>9 &e&r

saptaonra"

4>6 &>< gdtgnra"4>2 &ibk ha e'lkkâa"

44: &1 iâvrbar"

Bh+

Bh+

Aktra 44: at 480

449

Bh+

Yars 449449 gu 44<

bh+

446 &<6 mubk"

Yars 446

Yars 48:

Bh+

Bh+

Yars 48<

Yars 484

Yars 481

48<

O+

Âhbt bopârble ha tgeârlkda ak ilvaur has Hgkltbstas+Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Yarbkus+

‘ Kgtbibdltbgk ha e'âhbt ha tgeârlkda + + + +

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk lux âvíquas dltfgebquas lirb/

dlbks+ ‘ Axfgrtltbgk ê suppgrtar eas sdfbsoltb/quas

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê e'âvæqua Leaxlkhra at luprítra Lrbus+ ‘ Zrgmats pgur ea râtlnebssaoaktha el plbx raeb`bausa ak Lirbqua

Ausæna% Fbst+ Adgeas+% V% 1 at subv+ ‘ Hgduoaktssur eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsod+

Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% raeltbva lux prbvbeæàs hudear`â dltfgebqua usurpâs plr eas fârâtbquas gueas sdfbsoltbquas

Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea Ha ilogsbs ebnaeebs + + +

Hâhbdlda ha el dflpaeea has olrtyrs ha âkluet%ogrts ea >< gdtgnra 4>2% prgnlneaoakt hlks ukanltlbeea aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgkltbstas + + +

Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea% grhgkklkt h'lssurar e'boou/kbtâ lux deards ha < Aèbsa dltfgebqua qub âtlbakt

bkhóoakt sguobs plr eas Hgkltbstas lux dflràsha el durba

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê Yleaktbkus% dgksuelrbs haKuobhba+ ‘ Bkstrudtbgks raeltbvas ê el dgkstrud/

tbgk hael kguvaeea nlsbebqua ha Dgkstlktbka% lux

prbvbeæàs has deards dltfgebquas at lux aopbâta/oakts has Hgkltbstas

Eattra ha Dgkstlktbk ê gkza âvgquas dltfgebquas

ha Kuobhba% qub s'âtlbakt pelbkts has Hgkltbstas+‘ Oíoa gnmat + + + +

âduabe has @astl pur`ltbgkbsDladbeblkb at Iaeb/

dbsLdtas h'uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta ha ><: âvíquas ê Dlr/

tflàDlkgk lutgrbslkt eas âvíquas hgkltbstas ê ka pls

ranlptbsar eas Dltfgebquas dgkvartbs

Hgklt ea @rlkh% Apbstuel ha nlptbsog+Eattra ha Hgklt ea @rlkh lu prâiat hu prâtgbra

@ra`grbus^âpgksa hu prâiat @ra`grbus ê Hgklt ea @rlkh+ +

Dgkstbtutbgk ha e'aoparaur Dgkstlkda Ha ilog/sbs ebnaeebs% lhrassâa lux Lirbdlbks {lh Lirgs" +

Ausæna% Ybtl Dgkstlktbkb% B% 813 BB% 99/96+ ‘Zgebtbqua ha Dgkstlkebk ê e'â`lrh hu Hgkltbsoa+

Eattras ha oakldas% lhrassâas ê hbvars prgprbâ/tlbras ha Kuobhba plr Lxbhg at Ilsbr% dfais haDbrdgkdaeebgks

âquíta lhrassâa lu dgota h'Lirbqua Xlurbkus% plrhas âvíquas hgkltbstas% pgur haolkhar sgklppub dgktra eas Dbrdgkdaeebgks

Ldtas h'uk dgkdbea hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba + + + +

Ldtas h'uk lutra dgkdbea ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Dlkgk bk/tarhbslkt h'aksavaebr hlks eas âèbsas eas Dbrdgk/

daeebgks tuâs hlks eas rakdgktras lvad eas trgupashu dgota Xlurbkus

Eattra sykghlea hu dgkdbea saob/ lrbak ha Tlrhbqua%lhrassâa ê Hgklt ea @rlkh% prbolt hgkltbsta haDlrtflà

Hgklt ea @rlkh% Ha Xrbkbelea sbva ha Tpbrbeuslkdtg ebnar+

^âpgksa ha Hgklt ea @rlkh lux dgoobsslbras bo/pârblux Zlueus at Oldlrbus

Eattra dbrduelbra lhrassâa plr Hgklt ea @rlkh ê

<26

>:4

>:4

>:4

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8<4

<22

>:4

>:4

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44>

44>

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441

441

>89



82> LZZAKHBDA

HLXAT





496 &2 kgvaonra"

Yars 40:Aktra 40: at 401

404 &>: iâvrbar"

Yars 401409 &>> lvrbe"

400 &<0 gdtgnra"

Yars 400

406

406 &ibk ha e'lkkâa"

Yars 406402 &4 lgót"

46: &>0 iâvrbar"

Yars 46:

bh+

46< &4: mubeeat"

Yars 46>Yars 461

Bh+

469 &hânut ha mlkvbar"

469 &9 mlkvbar"

469

469 &<2 mlkvbar"469 &>4 mlkvbar"

Aktra 469 at 42>

466 &<9 mubk"

462 &>9 kgvaonra"Yars 42:

42< &<2 olb"42> &<1 mubk"

42> &<6 mubeeat"

42>

eh+

Ibk ha 42>

Bh+

Bh+

Dgkstbtutbgk ha Yleaktbkbak at Yleaks Ha ilogsbsebnaeebs

Xydgkbus% Ha naeeg bktastbka³ ebnrb BBB+

Zbædas has prgdæs bktaktâs ê Cg`ltus at lux ^g`l/tbstas% plr eas Zlroâkblkbstas% pgur el rastbtutbgk

has nlsbebquasAhbt ha Yleaktbkbak at ha Yleaks dgktra eas Hgul/

ebstas% lhrassâ lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Mueblkus+‘ Hâpgsbtbgk ha tgut âvæqua qub lurl ranlptbsâ+Xydgkbus% Axpgsbebgkas hbvar+/lruo dluslruo +

Egb dgktra eas fârâtbquasAhbt ha @rltbak% Yleaks at Yleaktbkbak% dgktra eas

Hgultbstas% lhrassâ lu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Ielvblkus+Zlopfeats at hbsdgurs ha Deluhblkus% âvæqua hgkl/

tbsta ha ^goa% dgktra ea plpa Hlolsa at eas Dl/tfgebquas

Eattra h'uk dgkdbea rgolbk lux aoparaurs @rltbakat Yleauebkbak+ ‘ Zelbktas dgktra e'âvíqua hgkl/tbsta Deluhblkus

âsdrbt ha @rltbak at Yleaktbkbak% lhrassâ lu vb/

dlbra Lqubebkus+ ‘ Grhra h'axbear Deluhblkus +

Zlroagblkus% Apbseuel lh Xydgkbuo+Egb dgktra eas fârâtbquasLutra egb dgktra eas fârâtbquas

Ldtas h'uk dgkdbea hgultbsta+ ‘ Akquíta at sak/takda ha dgkhlokltbgk dgktra Xydgubus + + +

Mârøoa% Dfrgk+ lh lkk+ 4>6 at 411+Egb dgktra eas fârâtbquasXydgkbus% Ha saptao raùebs+Gptît% Ha sdfbsolea Hgkltbselruo ebnrb Ybe

&sadgkha âhbtbgk"+

Xydgkbus% Xrlhudtbgk at Dgooaktlbra ha RLpgdl/eypsa+

Dlkgk h'uk dgkdbea rgolbk% raeltbi lux Ogktausasgu Hgkltbstas ha ^goa

Eattra hu Zlpa Tbrbda lh irltras at dgapbsdgpgspar Lirbdlo+ ‘ Kgtbibdltbgk has dlkgks vgtâs ê

^goaLdtas h'uk dgkdbea ha Dlreflà% qub lhgptl eas hâ/dbsbgks kgtbibâas plr ea plpa Tbrbda

Dgkstbtutbgk bopârblea Ha ilogsbs ebnaeebs + + +

Egb dgktra eas akkaobs ha e'Aèbsa

Dlkgks ha dgkdbeas hgkltbstas% prasdrbvlkt ha ra/nlptbsar tgus eas Dltfgebquas dgkvartbs ++++

Egb dgktra eas fârâtbquasbh

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Eattra h'Luùstbk ê e'âvíqua hgkltbsta Olxbobkus&Apbst+ >4"

Mârøoa% Ha vbr+ bee+% 24+Eattra lhrassâa ê Zrboblkus% prbolt hgkltbsta ha

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dbea ha Dlrtflà ê tgus eas âvíquas hgkltbstas +

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Zrgdurltbgk &p'/gdurlebg" hgkkâa plr Zrboblkus ê

uk lvgdltZrgdæs/varnle ha slbsba ha el olbsgk ha Olxboblkus%

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vartbs 49TDlkgk raeltbi ê e'grhbkltbgk has sdfbsoltbquas dgk/

vartbs qub lvlbakt âtâ nlptbsâs akilkts hlkse'Aèbsa hbssbhakta 496

Luùstbk% Zslnkus dgktrl plrtakt Hgkltb+Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbstuelo Hgkltb flaraebdb

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Eattra sykghlea ê tgutas eas Aèbsas hgkltbstas + + 4&b>

Egb dgktra eas fârâtbquas@astl prgdgksuelrbl% hgssbars has kgonraux prg/

dæs bktaktâs plr eas Zrboblkbstas lux Olxbobl/kbstas% havlkt peusbaurs prgdgksues% pgur el ras/tbtutbgk has nlsbebquas 4::

@astl oukbdbplebl% raeltbis lux oíoas prgdæs +

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Luùstbk% Aklrr+ bk Zsleo+ 18+@astl prgdgksuelrbl% pbædas hu prgdæs bktaktâ plr

e'âvæqua prboblkbsta âstbtutus ê e'âyíqua olxb/oblkbsta Tlevbus% havlkt ea prgdgksue Farghas%pgur el rastbtutbgk ha eu nlsbebqua ha Oabknrassl+

eëaquíta &pgstueuebg" ha âstbtutus% âvíqua prb/

oblkbsta ha Oaonrassl% ak ravakhbdltbgk ha el

nlsbebquaZelbhgyar ha e'lvgdlt Kuoolsbus pgur e'âvíqud

âstbtutusTaktakda hu prgdgksue Farghas% lttrbnulkt el nlsb

ebqua ê âstbtutus

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ebasdrbt has aoparaurs% au râpgksa ê el suppebquaprâdâhakta+ ‘ Grhra h'lppebquar lux Hgkltbstdsel egb `âkârlea sur eas ea`s gu hgkltbgks% at

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Apbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr% prgnlneaoakt hgkltbsta% ê

Zs'gvlr &Tbeeæùa"Luùstbk% Apbtlpfa oâtrbqua hu hbldra Klngr% uk

Hgkltbsta dgkvartb% tuâ plr eas sdfbsoltbquas+ +

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^âpgksa h'Luùstbk ê Tavdrbkus &Apbse+ 1>"+Eattra h'uk prítra hgkltbsta ha Dgkstlktbka ê @aka/

rgsus+Eattra ha Dakargsus ha Dgkstlktbka ê Luùstbk% lvad

dgpba ha el eattra hu prítra hgkltbsta+^âpgksa h'Luùstbk ê Dakargsus ha Dgkstlktbka

{Apbse+ 14"+Eattra h'Luùstbk ê Blkulrbus {Apbst+ 1l% <6% 48"+Eattra

h'Luùstbk lu hgultbsta Daear {Apbst+ 19"+Tadgkha eattra h'Luùstbk ê Daear {Apbst+ 10"+Luùstbk% Dgktrl Apbs eu lo Zlroakblkb ebnrb

o+Zatbeblkus% Apbseuel ha grhbka apbsdgpgruo

&plrtbs Hgkltb"+Xrlbtâ hgkltbsta Ha nlpebsog &lkgkyoa"+Luùstbk% Ha nlpebsog dgktrl Hgkltbstls ebnrb

YQ+Guvrlà hgkltbsta &lkgkyoa" râiutâ plr Luùstbk

hlks ea ebvra subvlkt+Luùstbk% Dgktrl ùgh lhtuebt Dakeurbus l Hgkl/

tbstbs ebnar+Luùstbk% Dgktrl ebetarls Zaebeblkb ebnar B+

Luùstbk% Tarog 9>+Luùstbk% Tarog 66+Kguvaeea eattra h'Luùstbk ê Drbspbkus% âvíqua

hgkltbsta ha Dlelol {Apbse 99"Dlkgks ha dgkdbeas hgkltbstas% qub bktarhbslbakt ea

olrtyra vgegktlbraâdaksbgk hgkltbsta ha el Zlssbg Olxbola%Tadu7b/

hla at Hgkltbeela+Ldtas hu dgkdbea dltfgebqua ha Dlreflà ++++Hbsdgurs h'Luraebus% âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% ê da dgk/

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âquíta &ebnaeeus" hu dgkdbea lu prgdgksue Taptb/obkus

Ahbt hu prgdgksue Taptbobkus% dgkigroa lu ebnae/

eus hu dgkdbeaAhbts lklegùas hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua at h'lutras `gu/

varkaurs lirbdlbks@astl prgdgksuelrbl% raeltbis lu prgmat ha dgkiâ/

rakda aktra eas haux plrtbs

@astl vbdlkla prlaiadturla% raeltbis lu oíoaprgmat

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ha Dlrtflà hu >1 lgót% sur e'grhra has `guvar/kaurs

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râpgksa ê Luraebus sur ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda+@astl oukbdbplebl h'Fbppgka% raeltbis lux kâ`g/

dbltbgks aktra Luùstbk at Zrgduedblkus pgur ea

oíoa gnmat@astl oukbdbplebl ha Dlelol% raeltbis lux kâ/

`gdbltbgks aktra Zgssbhbus at Drbspbkus pgur ea

oíoa gnmatLdtas hu dgkdbea hgkltbsea% qub rapgussl hâibkb/

tbvaoakt ea prgmat ha dgkiârakda lvad eas Dltfg/ebquas = +

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âeltbgk ha e'lttaktlt dgoobs plr has Hgkltbstasdgktra Zgssbhbus% âvíqua dltfgebqua ha Dlelol+

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hâpgsâa plr Zgssbhbus

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Dgkstbtutbgk h'Fgkgrbus dgktra eas Hgkltbstas% lhras/sâa lu prgdgksue h'Lirbqua Zgriyrbus + + + +

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Ldtas hu dgkdbea dltfgebqua ha Dlrtbelà ++++Kgtbda raeltbva ê e'akvgb h'uka hâputltbgk luxaoparaurs

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eub giirbr sgk lppub dgktra eas Hgkltbstas + +

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aoparaursBkstrudtbgks lux lonlsslhaursDgoogkbtgrbuo akvgyâ plr Luùstbk% ak sgk

kgo parsgkkae% lux hâputâs hu dgkdbea ha Dlr/

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plr eas hâputâs hu dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà + + +

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has plrtbslks ha @behgk% lhrassâa lu prgdgksueh'Lirbqua Hgkltus

Egb dgktra eas Hgkltbstas% lhrassâa lu prgdgksueh'Lirbqua Hgkltus

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taktâs lux Hgkltbstas plr has âvíquas dltfgeb/

quas havlkt ea prgdgksue Hgkltus

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rg`ltbsta ha Dlrtakkl+^âpgksa h'Luùstbk ê e'âvgqua rg`ltbsta Ybkdaktbus

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Dlrtflà pgur ea < ar mubk

âquíta &ebnaeeus" has Olxboblkbstas% sgeebdbtlkt

eaur lhobssbgk ê el Dgkiârakda ha Dlreflà + +

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Eattra dbrduelbra &trldtgrbl" ha Zrboblkus ê tguseas âvgquas hgkltbstas% pgur eas ak`làr ê sa

rakhra ê el Dgkiârakda+Eattra h'axdusa% lhrassâa ê Zrboblkus ha Dlrtflà

plr e'âvíqua hgkltbsta Adebx Zbsbtaksbs ++++@asel oukbdbpbt brr% râhbàs hlks el peuplrt has

dbtâs lirbdlbkas% at dgkstltlkt el kgtbibdltbgk%

ilbta lux âvíquas egdlux% ha e'âhbt raeltbi ê el

Dgkiârakda^lppgrts lhrassâs ê Olrdaeebkus plr eas hbvarsas

oukbdbplebtâs lirbdlbkas &grhbkuo raelebgkas"%at kgtbiblkt eas râpgksas has hbvars âvíquas + +

Luùstbk% Tarog 410 ha elkha pldbs+Tadgkh âhbt ha Olrdaeebkus+ ibxlkt ea ebau at el

prgdâhura ha el DgkiârakdaLdtas hu dgkdbea hgkltbsta qub sbâàlbt ê Dlrtflà

lvlkt at pakhlkt el DgkiârakdaTgelrbl Hgklebstlruo% râpgksa hu dgkdbea hgkl/

tbsta lu sadgkh âhbt ha Olrdaeebkus 8:>



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Ahbt hu trbnuk Huedbtbus dgktra eas Hgkltbstas%Tadgkh âhbt ha Huedbtbus dgktra eas Hgkltbstas + +

Eattra hu trbnuk Huedbtbus ê @luhaktbus% âvíquahgkltbsta ha Xflou`lhb

^âpgksa ha @luhaktbus ê HuedbtbusTadgkha eattra ha @luhaktbus 3U Huedbtbus+ + + +

Eattra hu Brbnuk Huedbtbus ê Luùstbk^âpgksa h'Luùstbk ê Huedbtbus &Apbse+ >:83Luùstbk% Dgktrl @luhaktbuo ebnar + +

Eattra ha @luhaktbus ê LuùstbkLuùstbk% Dgktrl @luhtktbuo ebnar BB+ + + +

Guvrlà lkgkvoa Ha obrlduebs slkdeb Teapflkb%B% 0+

Eattra h'Luùstbk lu prbolt ha Kuobhba% pgur ea

prbar ha vakbr grhgkkar ea iutur âvíqua hu kgu/valu hbgdæsa ha Iusslel% hbgdæsa ha Hgkltbstasdgkvartbs

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Luùstbk% Dgktrl Mu blkko% B% 4% 0 3 BBB% <% 13<0% 4<+

Apbelpfa ha Kaoasslkus+ âvíqua hgkltbsta h'LelObeblrbl ak Dâslrbakka

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Zelbktas dgktra eaur+ âvíqua Lktgkbus% lhrassâas êLuùstbk plr eas Hgkltbstas dgkvartbs ha Iusslel+

Hgssbar ha e'akquíta sur el dgkhubta ha e'âvíquaLktgkbus

Hâdrat h'uk dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra e'âvíquaLktgkbus

Lppae lhrassâ lu plpa Ngkbilda plr Lktgkbus%âvíqua ha Iusslel

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Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ê @akklhbus% axlrquah'Lirbqua% pgur e'axfgrtar ê dgonlttra eas Hgkl/tbstas

Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra lux âvíquas ha Kuobhba%pgur eaur bktarhbra ha dfgbsbr dgooa prbolt ukHgkltbsea dgkvartb

Eattra hu plpa ê sgk eâ`lt Fbelrus% sur e'liilbra hgElob``b`l

Ldtas hu dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+

Hgssbar ha e'akquíta &dg`kbtbg" sur el dgkhubta hae'âvíqua Lràktbus

âquíta &patbebg" lhrassâa lu plpa @râ`gbra plrDgkstlktbus at Oustaeus% hbldras ha Zuhakeblukak Kuobhba% qub ldduslbakt eaur âvíqua Olxb/oblkus ha s'ítra elbssâ dgrrgopra plr eas Hgkl/tbseas ha sgk hbgdæsa at ha eas lvgbr lutgrbsâs êâebra uk âvíqua

Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ê e'âvíqua kuobha Dgeuo/nus% sur e'liilbra ha Zuhaktblkl

Hgssbar ha e'akquíta &dg kbtbg" sur Olxboblkus%âvíqua ha Zuhaktblkl% havlkt uk dgkdbea haKuobhba

Dlkgks h'uk dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% slks hguta rael/tbis lu Hgkltbsoa% at mu`âs brrâùebars plr ea

plpaEattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ê @akklhbus% axlrqua

h'Lirbqua% sur eas hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea ha Ku/obhba

Egbs ha e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra dgktra ea Hg/kltbsoa

Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra% ê Zlutleâgk% prâiat huprâtgbra h'Lirbqua% pgur e'axfgrtar ê râprboare'luhlda has Hgkltbstas

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Eattra lklegùa hu plpa lux âvíquas kuobhasYbdtgr at Dgeuonus

Ldtas h'uk dgkdbea ha Dlrtbelà dgktra eas Zgkl/tbstas

Dlkgk ha da dgkdbea% oaklàlkt ha hâpgsbtbgk eas

âvgquas qub kâèbàrlbakt ha dgonlttra eas Hg/kltbstas

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^âpgksa hu plpa @râ`gbra ê Hgobkbdus% âvæqua ha

Dlrtflà% sur eas hâdbsbgks hu dgkdbea dgktraea Hgklebsoa

Ldtas h'uk dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ê e'âvíqua kuobha Dg/

euonus% sur eas oasuras ê prakhra dgktra eas

Dltfgebquas% deards gu elçquas% qub elbsslbakt

ranlptbsar plr eas Hgkltbstas eaurs akilkts gueaurs asdelvas

Taktakda h'axdgooukbdltbgk% elkdâa plr uk dgkdbeaha Kuobhba dgktra e'âvíqua Zlueus% vbdtboa hasbktrbùas has Hgkltbstas

Eattra ha @akklhbus% axlrqua h'Lirbqua% lu plpa@râ`gbra% sur e'liilbra ëea e'âvíqua Zlueus+ + +

^âpgksa hu plpa ê e'axlrqua @akklhbus+ + + +

Hgssbar ha e'bkstrudtbgk &bkqubsbebg" hu prgdæs hae'âvíqua Zlueus havlut ea plpa

âquíta hu plpa ê e'aoparaur Olurbda Xbnæra%pgur el strbdta gnsarvltbgk has egbs dgktra eas

HgkltbstasEattra ha e'âvíqua kuobha Dgeuonus lu plpa @râ/

`gbra% pgur eub lkkgkdar e'axdgooukbdltbgkelkdâa dgktra eâvíqua Zlueus

^âpgksa hu plpa ê e'âvíqua Dgeuonus + + + +

Hgssbar hu prgdæs ha e'âvíqua Zlueus havlkte'aoparaur Olurbda e'bnæra% ê Dgkstlktbkgpea+

Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra lux âvíquas lirbdlbks

Lhaghltus at Oluraktbus% pgur eaur radgoolk/har e'âvíqua Zlueus qub ravaklbt ha Dgkstlktb/kgpea gò be lvlbt prguvâ sgk bkkgdakda + + +

Lutra eattra ha radgoolkhltbgk% lhrassâa plr ea

plpa @râ`gbra ê e'âvíqua kuobha Dgeuonus% akilvaur ha e'âvíqua Zlueus% radgkku bkkgdakt akhâpbt has dlegokbas at has bktrbùas hgkltbstas+

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EA HGKLXBTOA+‘ HGDQOAKXTTE^ EFXTXGBÂHQ TDFBTOADflpbtra b

ar+ ‘ E'Âèbsa hgkltbsta+

B+ ‘ Fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsuba+ ‘ Eas sgurdas ha datta fbstgbra+ ‘ E'gu/vrlà ha slbkt Gptît+ ‘ Eas Ŕuvras ha slbkt Luùstbk+ ‘ Egbs at

eattras h'aoparaurs+ ‘ Ahbts ha `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Ldtas has dgk/dbeas+ ‘ Hgssbars ha prgdæs gu h'akquítas muhbdblbras ‘ Lutras prg/

dæs/varnlux pt hgduoakts hbvars+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgks+ ‘ El ebttârltura

hgkltbsta+ ‘ Eas prbkdbpleas pârbghas ha e'fbstgbra hu Hgulebsod + +

BB+ ‘ Eas grb`bkas hu Hgkltbsoa% musqu'ê el dgkhlokltbgk hu sdfbsoaplr Dgkstlktbk &4F/4<9"+ ‘ Eas dlusas hu sdfbsoa+ ‘ Hlta ha sgklpplrbtbgk+ ‘ @rlkh kgonra has elpsb pakhlkt el parsâdutbgk haHbgdeâtbak+ ‘ Oleaktakhus aktra Oaksurbus% âvíqua ha Dlrtflà% at

Taduuhus% prbolt ha Kuobhba+ ‘ +Olkbiasta has olrtyrs h'Lnbtbul+‘ Zrgtgdgea ha Dbrtl+ ‘ Lttlquas at bktrbùas dgutra Oaksurbus at

sgk lrdfbhbldra Dladbeblkus+ ‘ Ea prâtakhu sdfbsoa ha Hguît hasDlsas/Kgbras+ ‘ Ogrt ha Oaksurbus++‘ Aeadtbgk ha Dladbeblkus ê Dlr/tflà+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgks dgktra datta âeadtbgk+ ‘ Lppae lu prbolt haKuobhba+ ‘ Dgkdbea has hbssbhauts ê Dlrefsà+ ‘ ^øea ha Eudbeel+ ‘Aeadtbgk ha Olmgrbkus% pubs ha Hgulb% ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Gr`lkbsltbgk huplrtb% qub raàgbt ea kgo ha Zlrs Hlkltb+ ‘ âquíta ê Dgkstlktbk+ ‘Dgkdbea ha ^goa+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgks has hbssbhakts+ ‘ Auquíta sur Iâebx

h'Lntnu`kb+ ‘ Dgkdbea h'Lreas+ ‘ Lppae has Hgkltbstas ê e'aoparaur+‘ Fâsbtltbgks ha Dgkstlktbk+ ‘ Zrgdæs hu plpa Tbevdstra+ ‘ Obssbgu

hasâvæquas Aukgobus at Geyopbus ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Tautakda ha Dgks/tlktbk

BBB+ ‘ Eas hastbkâas hu Hgkltbsoa% hapubs el praobæra parsâdutbgkmusqu'ê e'aktrâa ak sdæka h'Luùstbk &4<0/42<"+ ‘ Egb ha Dgkstlktbkdgutra eas Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zarsâdutbgk ê Dlrtbelà+ ‘ Nltlbeeas hlks hasnlsbebquas+ ‘ Eas praobars olrtyrs hgkltbstas+ ‘ Lpplrbtbgk has Dbr/dgudaeebgks+ ‘ @uarra ha plopfeats+ ‘ Akquíta sur Tbevlkus% âvíquasdfbsoltbqua ha Dgkstlktbka+ ‘ Tuppebqua has Hgkltbstas parsâdutâs le'aoparaur+‘ Ahbt ha tgeârlkda+ ‘ Zgebtbqua ha Dgkstlktbk+ ‘ Zrg`ræshu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha >0: âvgquas sdfbsoltbquas ê Dlrtflà+ ‘Aopbâtaoakts has Hgkltbstas au Kuobhba+ ‘ El nlsbebqua ha Dgks/tlktbka+ ‘ Ea prâiat hu prâtgbra @ra`grbus+ ‘ Ybgeakdas has Dbrdgkdae/ebgks+ ‘ Lxbhg at Ilsbr+ ‘ Bktarvaktbgk has trgupas at hu dgota Xlu/

rbkus+ ‘ Dgkdbeas hgkltbstas ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Gr`lkbsltbgk h'ukadgoouklutâ hgkltbsta ê ^goa+ ‘ âeltbgks has Hgkltbstas lvad eas

Lrbaks+ ‘ Asslb ha râukbgk has haux Âèbsas lirbdlbkas+ ‘ Obssbgkha Zlueus at ha Oldlrbus+ ‘ Eas « lrtbslks ha e'ukbtâ ³+ ‘ Ldduabe quaeaur ilbt Hguît ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Ahbt ha e'aoparaur Dgkstlkt+ ‘ Olr/tyra ha Olxboblkus at h'Bslld ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ El obssbgu ak Kuobhba+‘ ^âsbstlkda lroâa ha Hgklt% âvíqua ha Nl`lç+ ‘ Lppae luxDbrdgk/daeebgks+ ‘ Bktarvaktbgk has trgupas at hu dgota Tbevastar+ ‘ Hâilbtaha Hgklt ha Nl`lç+ ‘ Dgkdbea has sdfbsoltbquas ak Kuobhba+ ‘Ogrtha Olrdueus+ ‘ Axbe ha Hgklt ha Dlrtflà at has prbkdbplux âvíquassdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ ^âtlnebssaoakt ha e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ ‘ Ea Hgkl/tbsoa lu dgkdbea dltfgebqua ha Dlrtflà sgus @rltus+ ‘ Zârbgha ha plbx

Zlàs+



1<> XLNEA HAT OLXBÆÂTZls

raeltbva+ ‘ Ogrt ha Hgklt ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Âeadtbgk ha Zlrodkblkusdgooa prbolt hgkltbsta+ ‘ ^âldtbgk sgus ea ræùa ha Muebak+ ‘ âquítashas safbsubltbquas ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Ahbt ha Muebak+ ‘ Ybgeakdas hasHgultbstas ak Kuobhba at ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ Dgkdbea has sdfbsoltbquasê Xfavasta+ ‘ Kguvaeeas parsâdutbgks dgktra eas Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Ea dgota^golkus+ ‘ Zgeâobquas = Zlroakbluus at slbkt Gptît+ ‘ Leeblkda hasHgkltbstas lvad Ibrous+ ‘ Kguvalux âhbts bopârblux+ ‘ Ea vbdlbrah'Lirbqua Kbdgoldfus Ielvblkus+ ‘ Axbe ha Deluhblkus% âvíqua hasOgktausas ha ^goa+ ‘ Tdfbsoas hlks ea plrtb hgkltbsta+ ‘ Kguvaluxâhbts+ ‘ Dgkdbeas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Oghârltbgk ha @akatfebus+ âvíquadltfgebqua ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Zrgspârbtâ hu Hgkltbsoa au 42< ++++ >1

BY+ ‘ El eutta has haux Âèbsas lu taops h'Luùstbk &42>/84:"+ ‘ Grhb/kltbgk h'Luraebus dgooa âvíqua dltfgebqua ha Dlrtflà% at h'Luùstbkdgooa prítra h'Fbppgka+ ‘ Ogrt ha Zlroakbluus+ ‘ Aeadtbgu haZrbobluus dgooa prbolt hgkltbsta ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Ahbts dgktra easfârâtbquas+ ‘ Hâoíeâs ha Zrbobluus lvad sgk hbldra Olxboblkus+ ‘Tdfbsoa has Olxboblkbstas+ ‘ Dgkdbeas olxboblubstas ëea Dlrtflà atha Dlnlrsussl+ ‘ Dgkhlokltbgk ha Zrbobluus+ ‘ Dgkdbea dltfgebquah'Fbppgka = dlugks raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Hânuts ha el dlopl`kadgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgudbea prboblkbsta ha Nl`lb = dgkhlokltbgkhas Olxboblkbstas+ ‘ Zrgdæs bktaktâs lux Olxboblubstas pgur el ras/tbtutbgk has nlsbebquas+ ‘ Ybgeakdas has Hgultbstas+ ‘ Leeblkda lvad@behgk+ ‘ Axpegbts h'Gptltus ha Xflou`lhb+ ‘ Dgkdbeas hgkltbstas haDgkstlktbua at ha Obeav+ ‘ ^âdgkdbebltbgk h'uka plrtba has Olxbobl/kbstas lvad eas Zrboblkbstas+ ‘ Dgudbea dltfgebqua ha Dlrtfl a ak 42< =

dlkgks raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Ldtbvbtâ h'Luùstbk% havauu âvíquah'Fbppgka+ ‘ Dguiârakdas aktra Dltfgebquas at Hgultbstas+ ‘ Zgeâ/obquas h'Luùstbk dgktra eas âdrbvlbks sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Dgkdbeasdltfgebquas ha Dlrtflà ak 8:<+ ‘ Xaktltbva ha râdgkdbebltbgk lvad easHgultbstas+ ‘ Dgudbea dltfgebqua ha Obeav au 8:>+ ‘ Dgudbea ha Dlr/tflà ak 8:4+ ‘ Kâ`gdbltbgks at prgmats ha dgkiârakdas lvad eas âvíquashgkltbstas+ ‘ âius has sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Ybgeakdas has Hgkltbstas+ ‘Lttaktlts dgktra has âvíquas dltfgebquas+ ‘ Lonlsslha akvgyâa êe'aoparaur plr ea dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà ak 8:8+ ‘ Kguvalux lttaktlts+‘ Egbs h'Fgkgrbus% grhgkulkt ha râtlnebr ak Lirbqua e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+‘ Hlks quaeea oasura iurakt lppebquâas das egbs+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlr/tflà ak 8:1+ ‘ âquíta has Hgkltbstas lu prâiat hu prâtgbra+ ‘ Dgu/dbea ha Dlrtflà ak 8:0+ ‘ L`btltbgk ak Lirbqua ê el kguvaeea ha el

ogrt ha Ttbebdfgu+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflà ak 8:6+ ‘ Kguvaeeas egbsh'Fgkgrbus+ ‘ Ahbt ha tgeârlkda% nbaktøt lnrg`â+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflàak 8<:+ ‘Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà% ak 8<<% aktra eas âvíquas has hauxAèbsas+ ‘ Ahbt hu dgoobsslbra Olrdaeebuus dgktra ea Hgultbsoa+ ‘ Egbh'Fgkgrbus% dgkibrolkt el dgkhlokltbgk ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ ‘Oasuras prbsas pgur râtlnebr e'ukbtâ raeb`bausa+ ‘ Eas dgoobsslbrasbopârblux+ ‘ Dgkdbea dltfgebqua ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Kgonrausas dgkvar/sbgks+ ‘ Ybgeakdas at prgdæs has Dbrdgkdaeebgks+ ‘ Zrgdæs at dgkhlo/kltbgk ha Olrdaeebuus+ ‘ Kguvaeeas egbs h'Fgkgrbus+ ‘ Dgkdbeas dltfg/ebquas ha Dlrtflà gu 8<6 at 8,2+ ‘ Harkbæras euttas+ ‘ Dgkdbea hgkl/tbsta ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Tdfbsoltbquas bktrlksbàlkts = Zatbebluus haDgkstlktbka% Aoarbtus ha Dlaslral% @luhaktbus ha Xflou lhb% Kaoas/slkus h'Lel Obeblrbl+ ‘ Ea ^g`lebsta Ybkdaktbus Ybdtgr+ ‘ Hârguta huHgkltbsoa 1>

Y+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsoa hlks e'Lirbqua vlkhlea at nyzlktbka+ ‘ Zarsbstlkdahu sdfbsoa ak Kuobhba at ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ El nlsbebqua at eas âpb/tlpfas hgultbstas h'Lel Obeblrbl% au Dâslrbakka+ ‘ Eattra hu plpaEâgk B lux âvíquas ha Olurâtlkba% ak 889+ ‘ Hgkltbstas ê Klrngkka%ak 816+ ‘ Guvrlàs ha e'âvíqua kuobha Lsdeapbus dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+‘ âdaksbgks hgkltbstas hu Ebnar àkaleg`ks+ ‘ Lutras tâogb`klàssur ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Ea Ebnar ha prgobssbgkbnus at prlahbdtbgkbnus uab+‘ Zatrus Dfrysgegùs+ ‘ Xfâghgrat+ ‘ Ybdtgr ha Ybtl+ ‘ Lvbtus+ ‘Hgkltbstas l Eygk% vars 1:>+ ‘ Iueàkda ha ûspla at e'Lrbak B

tbhbgsus+ ‘ Ahbt ha Musebubag dgktra eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘Xâogb`klàs ha Dlssbghgra% ha Iarrlkhks at ha Drasdgkbus ‘ Ea Hgkl/tbsoa b bb Kuobhba l el &bu hu vbº sbædea+ ‘ Bktarvaktbgk hu Zlpa @râ`gbraer @rlkh+ ‘ Eattra lux âvíquas ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Eattra ê e'axlrqua 5çau/ulhbus+ ‘ Zrgdæs h'Lràktbks% âvgqua ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuob/hba dgktra eas Hgultbstas au 12<+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa ê e'âvíqua Dgeuo/



XLr+EA HAT OLXBÆÂT 1<4Zlàs%

nus+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Olxbbkbluus% âvâqua ha Zuhaktblkl+ ‘ Dgkdbeas haKuobhba al 12> at 124+ ‘ Ybgeaudas has sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Egbs ha

e'aoparaur Xbnæra Olurbda dgutra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Zelbgta lhrassâa plrea plpa lu prâiat hu prâtgbra h-Lirbqua+ ‘ Liilbra ha e'âvíqua Zlueus%vbdtboa has bktrbùas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Kguvaeeas eattras hu plpa le'axlrqua @akulhbus at ê has âvíquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflàat ha bKuobhba dgktra eas Hgkltbstas ak 128+ ‘ âquíta hu plpa êe'aoparaur ak 129% pgur haolkhar e'lppebdltbgk has egbs dgktra eassdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Harkbæras eattras ha @râ`gbra ea @rlkh% raeltbvas luHgkltbsoa 2<

YB+ ‘ Axtaksbgk hu Hgultbsoa at has hbvars sdfbsoas hgkltbstas+ ‘Kâdassbtâ ha hbstbuùar aktra eas taops+ ‘ Hgolbka hu Hgkltbsoapakhlkt el pârbgha has grb`bkas+ ‘ El Kuobhba at Dlrtflà+ ‘ Zrg/`ræs hu Hgkltbsoa lpræs el egb ha tgeârlkda ha 4><+ ‘ Ea dgkdbea has>0: âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Axtaksbgk hu Hgkltbsoa hlks eas prg/

vbkdas ha e'Ast+ ‘ Axtaksbgk ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ El prgpl`lkha hgkl/tbsta+ ‘ @rlkh suddæs hlks tgutas eas delssas sgdbleas+ ‘ Dgkvarsbgkha deards dltfgebquas+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsoa at eas bkhb`ækas+ ‘ ^øea ha el

elkùa pukbqua hlks e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ ‘ Kgonra has âvídfâshgkltbstas ê el ibk hu bv a sbædea+ ‘ Dgegkbas hgkltbstas ê ^goa% akAspl`ka at au @luea+ ‘ Zrbkdbplux daktras ha el sadta+ ‘ Ogr/daeeaoakt hu plrtb ha Hgklt+ ‘ Ea Hgkltbsoa prgpraoakt hbt+ ‘ Zlr/oâkblkbsoa gu Zrboblkbsoa+ ‘ Ea ^g`ltbsoa ak Olurâtlkba+ ‘ Easdfbsoa ha Xydgkbus+ ‘ Eas Deluhblkbstas ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Eas Qrnlkak/sas ak Kuobhba+ ‘ Eas Lrzuàs ak Xrbpgebtlbua+ ‘ Ea Olxboblkbsoa+‘ Hgolbkas raspadtbis hu Zrboblkbsoa at has sdfbsoas hgkltbstas+Bopgrtlkda raeltbva has Aèbsas lirbdlbkas lu ogoakt ha el Dgkiârakdaha 8<< <:2

YBE ‘Gr`lkbsltbgk

hasÂèbsas

hgkltbstas+ ‘ Aeeas dgksarvakteas bks/

tbtutbgks lktârbauras lu sdfbsoa% olbs rapgussakt eas bkkgvltbgks hasDltfgebquas+ ‘ Eas hbgdæsas+ ‘ Bes ka dgçkdbhakt pls plrtgut lvad eashbgdæsas dltfgebquas+ ‘ Eas plrgbssas rurleas at eas plrgbssas urnlbkas+‘ Eas nlsbebquas+ ‘ Eas dboatbæras+ ‘ Eas nbaks h'Aèbsa+ ‘ ^bdfassaha dartlbkas dgoouklutâs+ ‘ Lhobkbstrltbgk+ ‘ Eas sakbgras elbdb+‘ El fbârlrdfba addeâsblstbqua+ ‘ Eas deards+ ‘ Eas vbaràs sldrâas ateas dgktbkakts+ ‘ Dgkhlokltbgk ha el vba ogklstbqua+ ‘ @rlkha lutg/rbtâ has âvíquas+ ‘ El iíta h'Gptltus ha Xnlou`lhb+ ‘ Eas prgvbkdasaddeâsblstbquas+ ‘ Ea Zrbolt ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Ea Zrbolt ha Dlrtflà+Eas dgkdbeas+ ‘ El ebtur`ba+ ‘ âius h'lhoattra dartlbkas iítas kgu/vaeeas% lhgptâas plr eas Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Dueta has ludbaks olrtyrs athas olrtyrs hgkltbstas+ ‘ Hgdtrbka at ebtur`ba hu nlptíoa+ ‘ ^btas hael râdgkdbebltbgk has Dltfgebquas dgkvartbs lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Ibhâebtâlu sguvakbr ha slbkt Dyprbak at ê el trlhbtbgk lirbdlbka+ ‘ El Nbneahgkltbsta+ ‘ El hbsdbpebka+ ‘ E'bhâle âvlu`âebqua+ ‘ ^øea ha e'Asprbtslbkt+ ‘ Obrldeas at vbsbgks hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrâtaktbgk ê e'lustârbtâ at êel puratâ+ ‘ Eas « Tlbkts ³+ ‘ 'Kgonrausas hâilbeelkdas+ ‘ Eas trbnu/klux addeâsblstbquas+ ‘ Axdgooukbdltbgks+ ‘ Hâpgsbtbgk h'âvíquasgu ha deards+ ‘ Tdfbsoa gu fârâsba7 ‘ HgHltbstas saob/lrbaks+ ‘ EasHgkltbstas k'âtlbakt pls dgksbhârâs h'lngrh dgooa has fârâtbquas+ ‘Xâogb`klàs h'Gptlt at h'Luùstbk+ ‘ Egb h'Fgkgrbus qub lssbobeahâibkbtbvaoakt lux fârâtbquas eas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks <44

YBBB+ ‘ Dlrldtæras at røea hu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dlusas lpplraktas at dlusasprgigkhas hu sdfbsoa+ ‘ ^bvlebtâ hu prbolt ha Kuobhba at ha e'âvíquaha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Ibhâebtâ lux trlhbtbgks egdleas+ ‘ Hâvgtbgk at bktrlksb/àlkda has Lirbdlbks+ ‘ Âtlt sgdble hu plys+ ‘ Oâdgktaktaoakt h'ukaplrtba ha el pgpueltbgk+ ‘ Zrbkdbpa hu sdfbsoa+ ‘ Asprbt dgksarvl/taur at bktrlksbàlkt+ ‘ El vârbtlnea Âèbsa+ ‘ Flbka dgktra eas Dltfg/ebquas at dgktra eas plçaks+ ‘ Dlegokbas pgpuelbras+ ‘ Dgktrgvarsas+‘ âius ha hbsdutar lvad eas Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Gnmat at dlrldtæra haspgeâobquas+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgks dgktra e'bktarvaktbgk hu pguvgbr sâduebar+‘ Lppaes ê el vbgeakda at lux plssbgks pgpuelbras+ ‘ Eas Dbrdgtbdae/ebgus+ ‘ @uarra raeb`bausa at ùarra sgdblea+ ‘ Eas Hgkltbstas oghârâsat eas bktrlksbàlkts+ ‘ ^øea has deards hgkltbstas hlks eas âoautas ateas lttaktlts has Dbrdgkdaeebgkl+ ‘ Hlus quaeea oasura gu paut dgksb/hârar ea Hgultbsoa dgooa uk plrtb h'gppgsbtbgk pgebtbqua gu ukoguvaoakt kltbgule+ ‘ ^øea hu Hgultbsoa hlks e'fbstgbra hu dfrbs/tblkbsoa lirbdlbk % <94

BY 44



1<8 XLNEA e"CT OLXBÆÂT

Dflpbtrn BB+ ‘ Eas hgduoakts hgkltbstas gu raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+Zlàs+

B+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbis lux grb`bkas hu sdfbsoa &4:4/44:"+ ‘ Dgooaktbes kgus sgge plrvagus+ ‘ Dfrgkgeg`ba+ ‘ Hbvars `rgupas+ ‘ Egbs haDgkstlktbk sur ea Hgultbsoa+ ‘ Dgrraspgkhlkda giibdbaeea ha e'aoparaurgu ha sas raprâsaktlkts at has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Zbædas rael/tbvas ê el parsâdutbgk ha Hbgdeâtbak ak Lirbqua at lux oleaktakhus kâsha datta parsâdutbgk+ ‘ Hgssbars ha dgkdbeas+ ‘ Zbædas raeltbvas luxlttlquas has Hgkltbstas dgutra eas âvíquas ha Dlm/tflà at eas plpas+‘ âquítas% lppaes at suppebquas has hbssbhakts+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnluxh akquítas <24

BE ‘ Eas @astl pur`ltbgkbs Dladbeblkb at Iaebdbs+ ‘ Ea hgssbar h'Gptlt+‘ Grb`bka at fbstgbra ha da raduabe+ ‘ âdgkstbtutbgk hu hgssbar dgo/peat+ ‘ Eas Apbstuela ha e' Lppakhbx h'Gptlt+ ‘ Eas Ldtl pur`ltbgkbsIaebdbs+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Iâebx h'Lntfu`kb+ ‘ Hlta ha e'akquíta+ ‘Eldukas hu hgssbar+

‘ Hgduoakts bksârâs gu oaktbgkkâs hlkseas

Ldtl+‘ Luhbakda h'Lntfu`kb+ ‘ Luhbakda ê el durba ha Dlrtflà+ ‘Luhbakda prgdgksuelbra hu <1 iâvrbar 4<8+ ‘ Zfysbgkgoba ha dasluhbakdas+ ‘ Eas parsgkklàs at eas hânlts+ ‘ Yleaur fbstgrbqua hadas prgdæs/varnlux+ ‘ Eas @astl lpuh ]akgpfbeuo+ ‘ Akquíta surTbevlkus% âvíqua hgkltbsta ha Dgkstlutbka% ak 4>:+ ‘ Eldukas hu hgs/sbar+ ‘ Hgduoakts dgktakus hlks eas @astl+ ‘ Zbædas euas ê e'luhbakda+‘ Ea ebna eus hu hbldra Kukhbulrbus+ ‘ Eas eattras h'âvíquas kuobhas+‘ Eas bktarrg`ltgbras+ ‘ Zfysbgkgoba ha e'luhbakda ha Xflou`lhb+‘ Bktârít fbstgrbqua at ebttârlbra ha das hgduoakts ><:

BBB+ ‘ Hgduoakts ha el pârbgha 44</42<+ ‘ @rgupas hbvars+ ‘ Ahbtsbopârblux at lutras pbædas giibdbaeeas+ ‘ Eattra ha @ra`grbus% prâiat huprâtgbra% ê Hgklt ha Dlrtbelà+ ‘ Dgkstbtutbgk ha e'aoparaur Dgks/

tlkda% lhrassâa lux Lirbdlbks+ ‘ Ahbt ha eaoparaur Dgkstlkt% grhgk/klkt e'ukbgk has haux Aèbsas rbvleas% ak 480+ ‘ Ahbt prgdgksuelbraliibdfâ ê Dlrtflà ea <1 lgót 480+ ‘ Hbsdgurs ha Oldlrbus% dgoobsslbrabopârble+ ‘ âsdrbt ha e'aoparaur Muebak% ak 49>+ ‘ ^lppgrts has `gu/varkaurs lirbdlbks sur eas vbgeakdas has sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Lutras ahbtsbopârblux+ ‘ Hgduoakts hgkltbstas+ ‘ Eattras ha Hgklt ha Dlrtflà+‘ Eattras h'Lxbhg at ha Ilsbr+ // Zrgdeloltbgk ha Hguît% âvíqua haNl`lç+ ‘ âquítas has âvíquas hgkltbstas axbeâs ê e'aoparaur Muebak%au 49>+ ‘ Olkhaoakt ha Ilustbkus% âvíqua sdfbsoltbqua h'Fbppgka+‘ Xastloakts ha Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Zbædas muhbdblbras >8:

BY+ ‘ Hgduoakts hu taops h'Luùstbu &42>/84:"+ ‘ @rlkh kgonra haspbædas dgksarvâas gu plrtbaeeaoakt dgkuuas+ ‘ Hbiiâraktas dltâ`grbas+‘ Ahbts at egbs has aoparaurs dgktra ea Hgultbsoa+ ‘ Egb ha Xfâg/

hgsa ak 42>+ ‘ Lutras egbs at rasdrbts+ ‘ Ahbt h'ukbtâ ha 8:1+ ‘ Ahbtha tgeârlkda ha 8<:+ ‘ Ahbt h'ukbgk ha 8<>+ ‘ Harkbæras egbs dgktraea Hgkltbsoa lu taops h'Luùstbk+ ‘ Ahbts has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbksat has dgoobsslbras bopârblux+ Ahbts hu prgdgksue Trptbobkus ath'lktras `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks ak 8:4+ ‘ Ahbts hu prgdgksue Hgultusau 8:6+ ‘ Ahbts ha Olrdaeebuus au 8<<+ ‘ Ahbt ha Dbadbebluus ak 8<4+‘ Ahbt hu vbdlbra h'Lirbqua Oldahgkbus ak 8<8+ ‘ Ahbts hu trbnukHuedbtbus vars 8>:+ ‘ Hgduoakts hgkltbstas+ ‘ Ebsta has âvíquas sdfbs/oltbquas ha Dgkstlktbua+ ‘ Ebstas ha sgusdrbptbgks+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgkshgkltbstas+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgk ha Tbubtuo ak 8:2+ ‘ Tgooltbgk ha prítrassdfbsoltbqua7+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgk ha Hgkltus ha +Outuàukl+ ‘ Zrgdel/oltbgks gu Lvartbssaoakts dltfgebquas+ ‘ Zrgdeloltbgk h'Luùstbk luxHgkltbstas elçquas ak 8:4+ ‘ Hgduoakts liibdfâ- l eebppgka vars 8:9+

‘ Lvartbssaoakt- lba+ Btgkltbseas ak 8:2 at ak 8<>+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbislux Dgkiârakdas aktra eas haux plrtbs+ ‘ Dgopta/rakhu has Dgkiâ/rakdas ha Xfunursbduo Kuobhlruo au 420/426+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnle h'ukaaktravua lvad Oldrgnbus% âvíqua hgkltbsta h'Fbppgka% ak 8<:+ ‘ @astlprgdgksutlrbl at @astl vbdlrbla prlaiadturla t

raeltbis lux prgmats haDgkiârakdas ak 8:4+ ‘ @astl oukbdbplebl ha Dlrtflà% h Fbppgua% haDlelol% raeltbi/ lux kâ`gdbltbgks ha <:4+ ‘ @astl prlaiadtgrbl ha^lvakkau ak 'o-3+ Lutras prgdæs varnlux ha Dgkiârakdas ++++ >18

Y+ ‘ Hgssbars muhbdblbras hu Hgkltbsoa lu taops b bk+ ‘ @-punebdl raeltbis l has akquítas ilbtas l eebppgka ak 429 at ak <:4+ ‘Zbædas hbs prgdæs bktaktls plr eas Dltfgebquas l has Hgkltbstas ‘Zrgdæs ha Dbrdgkdaeebgkl ha- akvbrgk/' h'Fbppgka au 421+ ‘ Zrgdæs



XLNEA HAT OLXBÆÂT 1<1Zlà+++

bktaktâ plr has âvíquas dltfgebquas ê e'âvíqua hgkltbsta Qptltus haXflulu`lhb% vars 421+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Drbspbkus ha Dlelol% ak 8:4/8:8+ ‘ Zrgdæs butautâs lux Hgkltbstas au 8:8 plr Olxboblkks haNl`lç at plr Tarvus ha Xfunurs'duo Nura+ ‘ Lutras prgdæs ê el ibk

ha 8:6+ ‘ Zrgdæs has Dbragudaeebgks h'Fbppgka au 8<</8<>+ ‘ Zbædashas prgdæs butautâs plr eas Zrboblkbstas lux Olxboblubstas pgur el

rastbtutbgu has nlsbebquas &42>/420"+ ‘ @astl prgdgksuelrbu at @astloukbdbplebl raeltbis lux ldtbgks muhbdblbras has haux plrtbs+ ‘ Eas prg/dæs ha Olxbkbblkus ha Dlrtflà+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Tlevbus ha Oabk/nrassl+ ‘ Eas prgdæs ha Iaebdblkus ha Oustb at ha Zrlaeaxtltus h'Lssu/rls+ ‘ Lutras prgdæs qub sa rlppgrtakt buhbradtabkaut lu Hgkltbsoa+‘ Zrgdæs ha Olrdaeebkus at h'Lprbk`bus ak 8<4+ ‘ Zbædas ha e'akquítaha Iusslel >69

YB+ ‘ Hgduoakts hu taops ha e'gddupltbgk vlkhlea gu ha el hgobkltbgknyzlktbka+ ‘ H'gò vbakt el rlratâ has pbædas sur ea Hgkltbsoa pakhlkt

tguta dattapârbgha+

‘ Xâogb`klàs hbvarssur el parsbstlkda

husdfbsoa sgus eas rgbs vlkhleas+ ‘ Ahbt h'Fukârbd ak 868+ ‘ Ahbt haMustbkbak ak 141+ ‘ Xaxtas hbvars sur ea Hgkltbsoa lu taops ha Mustb/kbak+ ‘ Harubars hgduoakts sur e'fbstgbra hu sdfbsoa ê el ibk hu vb a

sbædea+ ‘ Dgrraspgkhlkda hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh lvad has âvíquasat has `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Hgssbars muhbdblbras+ ‘ Zrgdæs h'Lràk/tbus% âvíqua ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha Olxbkbblkus% âvíqua haZuhaktblkl+ ‘ Zrgdæs ha e'âvíqua Zlueus+ ‘ Egbs ha e'aoparaur XbnæraOlurbda dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ âquíta hu plpa ê e'aoparaur dgktraeas sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks 4:2

Dflpbtca <<<+ ‘ Eas Ldtas has Dgkdbeas hgkltbstas gu lktbhgkltbstas+

B+ ‘ Yua h'aksaon'ea+ ‘ Ebsta dfrgkgeg`bqua has Dgkdbeas qub sa rlppgr/takt ê e'fbstgbra hu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ E'bkstbtutbgk sykghlea dfaz eas sdfbs/oltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha el prgvbkda ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Dgkdbeas`âkârlux 4><

BB+ ‘ Dgkdbeas lktârbaurs lu taops h'Luùstbk &4:1/42<"+ ‘ Zrgtgdgeaha Dbrtl hu 1 olrs 4:1+ ‘ Dgkdbea has hbssbhakts ê Dlrtflà ak 4<>+ ‘Zrgdæs/varnle has kâ`gdbltbgks lvad Dladbebluus+ ‘ ^âqubsbtgbras+ ‘Zrgdæs/varnle has vgtas ogtbvâs+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea lux Aèbsas lirb/dlbkas+ ‘ Dgkdbea has >0: âvíquas sdfbsoltbquas ê Dlrtflà% vars 449+‘ Tykghas hgkltbstas ha Kuobhba% vars 48:/48<+ ‘ Dgkdbea hgultbstaha Kuobhba% au 480+ ‘ Tykgha hgultbsta ha Xfavasta% vars 49>+ ‘Dgkdbea hgkltbsta% vars 46:+ ‘ Lutras sykghas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Dgk/dbeas dltfgebquas dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha ^goa hu > gdtg/

nra 4<4+ ‘ Eattras qub s'y rlppgrtakt+ ‘ Ldtas hu dgkdbea+ ‘ ^âqub/sbtgbra has sdfbsoltbquas lirbdlbks+ ‘ Taktakda hu plpa Obeeblha+ ‘^lppgrt ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Dgkdbea h'Lreas hu B a< ' lgót 4<8+ ‘ Eattrasqub s'y rlttldfakt+ ‘ DlkgHs at eattra sykghlea lu plpa Tbevastra+ ‘Tykghas lirbdlbks au 480/486+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtfl«a sgus @rltus%vars 486+ ‘ Dlkgus raeltbis lu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea rgolbk ha 406+‘ Zelbkta dgktra e'âvíqua hgultbsta ha ^goa+ ‘ Dgkdbea rgolbk ha469+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea lux âvíquas lirbdlbks 4>1

BBB+ ‘ Dgkdbeas hu taops h'Luùstbk &42>/84:"+ ‘ Lssaoneâas hgkltbstas+‘ Dgkdbea olxboblkbsta ha Dlrtflà% ak 42>+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea+ ‘Dgkdbea olxboblkbsta ha Dlnlrsussl% hu >8 mubk 424+ ‘ Eattra sykg/hlea% kgtbiblkt el hâpgsbtbgk ha Zrboblkus+ ‘ Dgkdbea prboblkbsta haNl`lç% hu >8 lvrbe 428+ ‘ Taktakda ha dgkhlokltbgk dgktra Olxbkbbl/

kus at sas plrtbslks+ ‘ Dgkdbeas prboblkbstas ha Dgkstlutbka at haObeav% vars 429/420+ ‘ Dgkdbea prboblkbsta ha Xflou`lhb ak 420+ WDgkdbea prboblkbsta ha 8:4+ // Dgkdbea hgkltbsta% râukb ê Dlrtflà au8<<+ ‘ Tykgha hgkltbsta ha Kuobhba% ak 8<T gu 8<2+ ‘ Lssaoneâasdltfgebquas+ ‘ Dgkdbea h'Fbppgka% hu 6 gdtgnra 424+ ‘ Dlugks raeltbislu Hgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtfl a% hu >6 lgót 420+ ‘ Dlkgks sur eaHgkltbsoa+ ‘ Dgudbea ha Dlrtflà% hu >0 lvrbe 422+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlr/tflà% hu <9 mubk 8:<+ ‘ Hâputltbgu lux âvíquas ha ^goa at ha Obelk+‘ Dgkdbea rgolbk &âtâ ha 8:<"+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea lux âvíquas lirb/dlbks+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtfl³'a% hu <4 saptaonra 8:<+ ‘ Zrgmats hadgkiârakdas lvad eas sdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ Eattras sykghleas+ ‘ Dgkdbeaha Obeav% hu >0 lgót 8:>+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu >1 lgót 8:4+ ‘



1<9 XLNEA HAT OLXBÆÂTZlàs+

Kguvalux prgmats ha kâ`gdbltbgks at ëea dgkiârakdas lvad eas âvíquasNdfbsklltbquas+ ‘ Bkstrudtbgks lux âvíquas dltfgebquas% at oghæea haprgdâhura+ ‘ Eattras sykghleas lux `guvarkaurs lirbdlbks+ ‘ Dgudbea

haDlrtflà% hu /<9 mubk 8:8+ ‘ Hâputltbgu ê e'aoparaur at eattras

sykghleas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ëea Dlrtflà% hu >4 lgót 8:1+ ‘ Eattras sykghl/eas+ ‘ Dlugg raeltbi l el dguvarsbgu has Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlr/tflà hu <4 mubk 8:0+ ‘ ^âgr`lkbsltbgk has lkdbakkas dgoouklutâssdfçsulltbquas+ ‘ Lonlsslha lux aoparaurs+ ‘ Dgkdbeas ha Dlrtflà%hu <9 mubk at hu <4 gdtgnra 8:6+ ‘ Lonlsslhas ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Dgk/dbea% ha Dlreflà% hu <8 mubk 8<:+ ‘ Hâputltbgu at raquíta ê e'aopa/raur+ ‘ Dgudbea dltfgebqua% râuub ê Dlrtflà au olb 8O+ ‘ Dgkdbea haKuobhba% hu <8 mubu 8<>+ ‘ Eattra sykghlea lux Hgkltbstas+ ‘ Dgkdbeaha Fyzldæua% hu >8 iâvrbar 8<6+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Dlrtflà% hu <. olb 8<6+‘ Dlkgks raeltbis ê el dgkvarsbgk has sdfbsoltbquas at ê el râgr`lkb/sltbgk has hbgdæsas+ ‘ DgHdbea ha Dlbtflà% hu >1 kblb 8<2+ ‘ Dgkibr/oltbgk ha hbvars dlkgus lktârbaurs sur ea Hgulebsoa+ ‘ Dgkdbea haKuobhba% vars 8>> 414

BY+ / Ea hgssbar ha el Dgkiârakda ha Dlrtflà au 8<<+ ‘ Hgduoaktsraeltbis lux prâebobklbras+ ‘ âquítas has haux plrtbs+ ‘ Ahbt h'Fgkg/rbus+ hu <8 gdtgnra 8":+ / Bkstrudtbgks spâdbleas ha e'aoparaur ê Olr/daeebkus+ ‘ Eattras h'Fgkgrbus lu prgdgksue ha Dlrtflà at lu vbdlbrah'Lirbqua+ ‘ Ahbt ha Olrdaeebkus% hu <2 mlkvbar 8<<+ ‘ âquíta hasOlxboblkbstas+ ‘ @asel punebdl gò âtlbt dgksb`kâa el râpgksa ha Zrb/oblkus ê e'âhbt ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Eattra dbrduelbra ha Zrboblkus luxâvgquas hgkltbstas+ ‘ ^âpgksa ha Iâebx Zbsbtaksbs+ ‘ @asel oukbdb/plebl at rlppgrts lhrassâs ê Olrdaeebkus plr eas oukbdbplebtâs lirbdlb/kas+ ‘ Tadgkh âhbe ha Olrdaeebkus% vars ea >: olb+ ‘ Tlelrbl hu dgk/dbea hgkltbsta ha Dlrtflà% au râpgksa lu sadgkh âhbt+ ‘ OlkhltuoHgkltbselruo% bkstrudtbgks lux olkhltlbras hu plrtb+ ‘ ^âpgusa hudgkdbea dltfgebqua lu sadgkh âhbt ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Olkhutuo dltfg/ebdb dgkdbef% bkstrudtbgks lux olkhltlbras hu plrtb+ ‘ Eattra hu dgk/dbea dltfgebqua ê Olrdaeebkus% ak râpgusa ê el Vgtlrbl has Hgkltbstas+‘ Zrgdæs/varnle ha el praobæra sâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda &<

ar mubu"+ ‘Kguvaeea Kgelrbl Hgkltbselruo% at râpgksa ha Olrdaeebkus+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnle ha el hauxbæoa sâlkda ha el Dgkiârakda &4 mubk"+ ‘ âàus hâeb/vrâs lux `raiibars% ea 9mubk+ ‘ Lvbs lu punebd% râhb`â plr Olrdaeebkus+‘ Eattra hu dgudbea hgkltbsta% ak râpgksa lu Olkhltuo has Dltfg/ebquas+ ‘ Zrgdæs/varnle ha el trgbsbæoa sâlk5 a ha el Dgkiârakda &6 mubk"+‘ Taktakda ha Olrdaeebkus &6 mubk"+ ‘ ^lppgrt ê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Ahbtha Olrdaeebkus dgktra eas Hgkltbstas &>9 mubu"+ ‘ Lppae has Hgkltbstasê e'aoparaur+ ‘ Ahbt h'Fgkgrbus% grhgkklkt ha râtlnebr ak Lirbqua e'ukb/

tâ raeb`bausa+ ‘ Atuha has @asel Dgeelebgkbs+ ‘ Zunebdltbgk hu raduabe+‘ E'âhbtbgk h'Fbppgka+ ‘ E'âhbtbgk ha Olrdaeeus Oaogrblebl at eas

Dlpbtuel @astgruo+ ‘ Eldukas hu raduabe ldtuae+ ‘ Zfysbgkgoba hassâlkdas+ ‘ Ea nuralu at YGiibdbuo+ ‘ Gnstrudtbgks has Hgkltbstas+ ‘Lttbtuha has Dltfgebquas+ ‘ ^øea hu prâsbhakt+ ‘ Dlrldtæra has hânlts+‘ Yleaur fbstgrbqua has @astl Dgeelebgkbs 466

Y+ ‘ Dgkdbeas pgstârbaurs lu taops h'Luùstbk+ ‘ Dgudbea ha Olurâtl/kba Dâslrbakka% ak 889+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa Eâgk B lux âvíquas haDâslrbakka+ ‘ Dlkgks raeltbis lu Hgultbsoa hlks eas raduabes ha Iar/rlkhus at ha Drasdgubus+ ‘ Dgudbea ha Kuobhba ak 12:+ ‘ âquíta luplpa Zaelà BB+ ‘ Eattra hu plpa @râ`gbra ea @rlkh lux âvæqo//kuobhas+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa% ak 12<+ ‘Akquíta sur Lràktbks ha Elob``b`l+ ‘ Dgudbea ha Kuobhba% au 12>+ ‘Zrgdæs ha Olxbobluus ha Zuhaktblkl+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% ak 124+‘ Dgudbea ha Dlrtflà% au 128+ ‘ Oasurâa dgktra ea Hgkltbsoa+ ‘Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% ak 128+ ‘ Dgkdbea ha Kuobhba% au 129+ ‘ Axdgo/oukbdltbgk ha e'âvíqua Zlueus% vbdtboa has bktrbùas hgkltbstas+ + + 8>1

Dflpbtcc BY+ ‘ E'âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta+

< ‘ Bktârít ae hbiibduetâs ha e'âpb`rlpfba hgkltbsta+ / Zraobar `rgupaha hgduoakts+ / Bksdrbptbgks qub raprghubsakt ea drb ha ùarra has

Ndfbsolebquds lirbdlbks+ Hbvarsbtâ has ogkuoakts gò sa ebt ea e'ak

Slu has+ ‘ Zbelstras sduepta/% pbebars% ebktalux% at lutras irlòakts+ dfbtadtura+ ‘ Nlùas+ ‘ El havbsa has NDfbsoltbquas at ea dfrbsoa

WHgduoakts peus dgopeaxas gò Nùra el oíoa lddeloltbgk+ ‘ Ea e;a5%



XLNEA HAT OLXBÆÂT 1<0Zlàs+

eluhas prâdâhâ h'uka bkvgdltbgk lu Dfrbst+ ‘ El igrouea Hag eluhashbdlous sur has ebktalux ha pgrta+ ‘ El igrouea Hag eluhas l`lous+ ‘Ylrblktas ha das igroueas+ ‘ Ea Hag eluhas hlks el hâhbdlda h'uk nlp/

tbstæra hgkltbsta+ ‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfgebquas lu drb ha ùarra hassdfbsoltbquas+ ‘ El igrouea Hag `rlttls sur uk dflpbtalu ha Nl`lç+‘ El igrouea Hag `rlebls l`lous sur el deai h'lrd h'uka lnsbha hanlsbebqua 840

BB+ ‘ Lutras bksdrbptbgks ogkuoaktleas% raeltbvas lux pgeâobquas hgkl/tbstas+ ‘ Zrgtastltbgks has sdfbsoltbquas dgktra eas parsâdutbgks+ ‘Yarsats has Zsluoas+ ‘ Yarsats ha slbkt Zlue+ ‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfg/ebquas = âegà ha el plbx raeb`bausa at ha e'ukbtâ ha e'Aèbsa+ ‘ Grùabehas Hgkltbstas = eas « Zurs ³% eas « Tlbkts ³% eas « Mustas ³+ ‘ Yarsathas Zsluoas = lhhbtbgk qub trlfbt el olbk h'uk sdfbsoltbqua+ ‘ Kgo ha« Tlbkts ³ hgkkâ lux ibhæeas hlks has hâhbdldas+ ‘ @egrbibdltbgk hu« Musta ³ hlus has bksdrbptbgks ha Kuobhba+ ‘ Bktarprâtltbgk sadtlbrah'uk varsat ha slbkt Zlue+ ‘ Lhlptltbgks hgkltbstas ha el igrouea

Ngkbs naka+ ‘ ^âpgksas has Dltfgebquas lux « Tlbkts ³ at lux « Mustas ;;

ha e'Aèbsa sdfbsoltbqua+ ‘ Eas « pâdfaurs ha Dahbls ³+ ‘ Hgduoaktsraeltbis l el ebtur`ba hgkltbsta+ ‘ El Kgãe+ ‘ Ea nlptíoa+ ‘ ^âpgksahas Dltfgebquas+ ‘ Hgduoaues raeltbis lux quaraeeas has haux plrtbs+‘ El dgkibsdltbgk has nlsbebquas hgkltbstas at el hâhbdlda h'uk slkd/tulbra has Lpøtras ê Lbk @fgrln+ ‘ Oaktbgk ha YAddeasbl dltfgebdlhlks has bksdrbptbgks ha Xfl`lsta% ha Cslr Ae/Caen% ha Xbplsl +++ 884

Fe+ ‘ Zlrt hu Hgkltbsoa hlks e'âpb`rlpfba olrtyrgeg`bqua lirbdlbka+ ‘Xfâgrba has sdfbsoltbquas sur el prââobkakda hu olrtyra+ ‘ Xâogb/`klàs âpb`rlpfbquas ‘ Zrgtastltbgks has Dltfgebquas dgktra dattatfâgrba axdeusbva ‘ Ogkuoakts âeavâs ê has olrtyrs dgoouks luxhaux Aèbsas ‘ Bksdrbptbgks ha Kuobhba ak e'fgkkaur h'Aoarbtus+Hgduoakes raeltbis lux olreyrs hgkltbstas prgpraoakt hbts+ ‘ Olr/tyrs ha 4<0 ê Dlrtflà+ ‘ Olrtyrs kuobhas% vars 48:+ ‘ Xgonalu haOlrdueus ê Kgvl Zatrl+ ‘ Apbtlpfa ha ^gnnl% olrtyra hgkltbsta h'LelObeblrbl ak 848+ ‘ Apbtlpfa hu hbldra Klngr+ ‘ Hgduoakts raeltbisê h'lutras vbdtboas has ùarras raeb`bausas+ ‘ Hâhbdlda hu tgonalu atha el dflpaeea has olrtyrs ha âkluet% ak 4>2+ ‘ Olrtyrs has akvbrgksha Xblrat% ak 8::+ ‘Apbtlpfa h'uk olrtyr ha Tbeeæùa+ ‘ âebqulbraha Iaebdbluus+ ‘ Dlkdae h'Fakdfbr Ngu/Tlçh 89<

BY+ ‘ Apb`rlpfba iukârlbra has Ggultbstas+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgk ha Tbtbtb+ ‘ ElZlrs Xrb`lrb+ ‘ Apbtlpfa h'uua raeb`bausa ha Xfavasta+ ‘ Bksdrbptbgkh'Guo Ae/Lnar+ ‘ Ogslçqua tgonlea ha e'âvíqua Lràktbus ê Elob`/`b`l+ ‘ El nlsbebqua at eas dlvalux iukârlbras h'Lel Obeblrbl+ ‘ Apb/tlpfas hltâas ha deards at ha raeb`bausas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Dlvalu hae'âvíqua Kaoassluus at ha el raeb`bausa euebl @aebgel+ ‘ @rliibtb+ ‘Eas prítras Ybdtgr at Drasdaks ‘ Ea hbldra Olurus+ ‘ E'âvíqua Hgul/tus+ ‘ Ea prítra Hgkltus+ ‘ Avíqua lkgkyoa+ ‘ Igrouelbra ha dasâpbtlpfas hgkltbstas+ ‘ Lkleg`bas at hbiiârakdas lvad ea igrouelbradltfgebqua • 80`

LZZAKHBDA

Ebsta dfrgkgeg`bqua has hgduoakts hgkltbstas gk raeltbis lu Hgkl/tesoa > 860

L+KQABBT+ ‘ BOZ^BOA^BA G^BAKXLEA HA L+ ND^B+BK AX &'«+









ORA^TBXRGI XG^GKXG

EBN^L^R

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Monceaux - Hist. Litt. Afrique Chretienne 04