7/28/2019 Nb 9 Les Modaux

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7/28/2019 Nb 9 Les Modaux

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II.2. PROBABILITE

QUASI CERTITUDE on en est sr AU PASSE : NEGATIONon est sr que non

AU PASSE :on est sr que cela ne stait pas

pass

MUST

MUST HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE

CANT

CANT HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE

Look at all this snow! It must be cold outside.

They worked all day and all night. They must have

been tired.

I dont believe it. Its impossible! It cant be that

expensive.

I dont believe it. Its impossible! They cant have left

yesterday.

DEDUCTION

LOGIQUE

normalement, en principe celadevrait

ASPECT FINI par rapport auprsent ou au pass.

Normalement, en principe, cela

devrait tre fini maintenant, ou

avant une date

future

AU PASSE : normalement, enprincipe, cela aurait d, mais

ce ntait pas le cas

SHOULD ou OUGHT

TO

SHOULD HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE ou

OUGHT TO HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE

SHOULD HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE ou

OUGHT TO HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE

Its 8.20. The news should be on TV.

The train should have arrived by now.

It was 8.20. The news should have been on TV.

INCERTITUDE on ne sait pas, peut-tre AU PASSE :

MAY

MAY HAVE +

PARTICIPE PASSE

It may rain tomorrow.

We dont know what happened. The driver may have

fallen asleep.

FAIBLE

PROBABILITE

il y a peu de chances, on nycroit pas trop

AU PASSE :MIGHT ou COULD

MIGHT HAVE+

PARTICIPE PASSE ou

COULD HAVE+

PARTICIPE PASSE

We might win the jackpot, you never know.

I suppose everything is possible. He might have been

asleep at the time.

CARACTERISTIQUE

POTENTIELLE

susceptible de CAN Smoking can cause cancer.Lions can be dangerous.

II.3. WILL, WOULD ET SHALL : PRESENTATION SIMPLIFIEE

WILL Auxiliaire du futur (cf NB 5)

Vrit permanente ou scientifique

Bon vouloir, acceptation

Invitation (forme interrogative)

Ordre attnu (forme interrogative)

We will have the results tomorrow.

Oil will float on water. (ne se traduit pas en franais)

Will you take Mary as your lawful wedded wife? Yes, I will.

Will you have lunch with us?

Will you open that window?

WOULD Auxiliaire du conditionnel (cf NB 5)

Forme frquentative (actions passes habituelles)

Invitation polie, ordre attnu (forme interrogative)

Volont attnue, politesse accrue

If I were you, I would buy a new car.

She would wait for him every evening.

Would you open that window?

I would like to meet her.

SHALL Obligation (langue lgale ou biblique) Forme interrogative la 1ere personne du singulier ou du

pluriel. On propose de faire quelque chose

You shall obey!Shall we go out tonight?

Lets go out tonight, shall we?

II.4. EXPRESSIONS EQUIVALENTES

Pour exprimer une modalit un temps ou une forme que ne possde pas lauxiliaire modal correspondant, on a recours une expression

quivalente dont le verbe peut se conjuguer tous les temps. Ces expressions ne sont pas des auxiliaires modaux!

OBLIGATION HAVE TO I had to do as he said.

INTERDICTION BE FORBIDDEN (TO) It was forbidden for visitors to feed the animals.

ABSENCE DOBLIGATION NOT / HAVE TO Dont worry! You wouldnt have to pay for it.

PERMISSION BE ALLOWED (TO) The students were allowed to use a dictionary.

CAPACITE BE ABLE TO Fortunately, they were able to fix my microscope.