Numérisation et robotisation du champ de bataille (2) : Le combat aérospatial d’aujourd’hui

8/2/2019 Numrisation et robotisation du champ de bataille (2) : Le combat arospatial daujourdhui

1/7

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?11;) d,n qn{ w rbk`dghw gnd{ ib kn{ gb inlbrrb gb Ihoxb>$

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Kebrkebr n{{`kh in J`dgnwh`d q`r

in _bkebrkeb [wrnwlh~b

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gr kenfq gb onwnhiib

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2/7

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k`fqwbr gnd{ ib mb hdwbrdnwh`dni 0 [nlh{{ndwgb{ `qrnwh`d{ bd Ihoxb) hi k`dzhbdw gb d`wbr ib{q`hdw{ {hzndw{ =

Ib wewrb g`qrnwh`d{ db {b {hwb ~ > 111cf g wbrrhw`hrb dnwh`dni) gnd{ kb{ k`dghwh`d{i`qrnwh`d n qrh{ qrnwh~bfbdw gb{ niirb{g@QHDW %`qrnwh`d hdwrhbrb( kbrwb{ f{kib bd kb ~h k`dkbrdb ib {`whbd i`&lh{wh~b fnh{ dndf`hd{ {nd{ nii`dlb {hldhjh&knwhzb$

In kendb gb rbd{bhldbfbdw liònib %rbd{bh&

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_hzbw M`hdw nfrhknhd) k`d{nkr n khoinlbgòmbkwhj{ wbrrb{wrb{ fòhib{$

Ib qn{{nlb gb wf`hd bdwrb in k`dghwb hdhwhn&ib nfrhknhdb gbqh{ iNhr @qbrnwh`d{ Kbdwbr

%N@K() ib MJNKK %M`hdw J`rkb Nhr K`fq`dbdwK`ffndgbr( gb _nf{wbhd bw ib wrnd{jbrw gk`ffndgbfbdw n KN@K 2 gb Q`llh` _bdnwh&k` %KN@K Hwnihbd() iNKK %Nhr K`fq`dbdwK`ffndgbr( gH}fhr bd Wr~hb bw ib MJNKKgb Dnqib{ {b{w grì gnd{ in k`dj{h`d$ Hik`dzhbdw kbqbdgndw gb d`wbr ~b kb wrnd{jbrw

gb rb{q`d{nohihw {b{w bjjbkw bd f`hd{ gbghu m`r{ {nd{ hdwbrrqwh`d gb{ fh{{h`d{? nudhzbnu wnkwh~b bw `qrnwhj$ Ib q`hdw gnke`q&qbfbdw wnhw b{{bdwhbiibfbdw gb dnwrb ghqi`&fnwh~b = ~h g Lr`qb gb k`dwnkw ` g K`&fhw gb iNwindwh~b D`rg niinhw g`ddbr ib{ghrbkwhzb{ qìhwhk`&{wrnwlh~b{ 0 Kbwwb knqnkh&w gb{ ghjjrbdw{ q`{wb{ gb k`ffndgbfbdw {ngnqwbr rbinwhzbfbdw zhwb db g`ddb qìhwh&k`&{wrnwlh~b d`zbiib k`d{whwb d q`hdwj`rw gb{ {wrkwrb{ buh{wndwb{$ Nu dhzbnuwnkwh~b bw qrnwhj) ib{ qr`kgrb{ hgbdwh~b{)

ib{ bdwrndbfbdw{ bw ib{ bubrkhkb{ k`dm`hdw{ x`dw k`dwrho 3 n dhzbn qìhwhk`&{wrnwlh~b`d db {nrnhw injjhrfbr) ib{ qrjrbdkb{ dnwh`&dnib{ `dw k`fqih~ ib qr`kb{{{ gb wrnd{jbrw$Hi b{w d`wbr ~b ib KN@K gb Ix`d F`dw&Zbrgd nrnhw q w`w jnhw qrbdgrb ib k`f&fndgbfbdw gb in k`dghwb bw g k`dwrib gbibd{bfoib gb i`qrnwh`d nrhbddb$ Hi wnhw bdk`r{ gb rbkbrwhjhknwh`d Dnw` _b{q`d{bJ`rkb %D_J( >< q`r qrbdgrb ib k`ffndgb&fbdw gb in k`fq`{ndwb nrhbddb fiwhdnwh`&dnib nzbk db nkwhzhw ~hznibdwb kbiib

gRdhjhbg Qr`wbkw`r$

Rd nrfbfbdw ~h rq`dg nu d`zbnu ob&{`hd{ `qrnwh`ddbi{ bw ~h g`ddb w`w jnhw{nwh{jnkwh`d bd fnwhrb gb qrkh{h`d bw gbjjh&knkhw = dnkbiib rbk`&DL) fh{{hib [KNIQ) nr&fbfbdw nhr&{ì f`ginhrb %N?[F() chw{ gblhgnlb qrkh{$$$ Ib{_njnib `dw whr ghu fh{{h&ib{ gb kr`h{hrb [kniq) >5? o`fob{ N?[F bw>>: o`fob{ LOR) {nd{ k`fqwbr ib{ ;11 {`r&whb{ gb rbk`ddnh{{ndkb;$ Gb{ qròifb{ gbjhnohihw {r gb{ qxidb{ gnrfbfbdw {`dw nq&

qnr{ bw `dw zhwb wr`z ibr {ìwh`d lrkb in rnkwhzhw gb{ kbdwrb{ gb{{nh{ gb inrfb gbiNhr bw gb in GLN$ Gb ffb ~b ib k`dkbqw gbo`fob hdbrwb q`r ghfhdbr ib{ g`ffnlb{kìinwrnu n w buqrhfbdw$ G kw gb{Orhwnddh~b{) hi jnw {ìhldbr ~b ib W`rdng`L_7 ~hq gb fh{{hib{ ilbr{Orhf{w`db n wqnrwhkihrbfbdw bjjhknkb k`dwrb ib{ kenr{) gbffb ~b ib fh{{hib Ebiijhrb gb{ eihk`qwrb{Nqnkeb bfqi`x{ gbqh{ ib q`rwb&eihk`qwrb@kbnd$

Q`r in qrbfhrb j`h{) gb{Fhrnlb ?111 ^nwn&

rh `dw bjjbkw gb{ fh{{h`d{ gb {qrh`rhw n&rhbddb nzbk gb{ Fhrnlb ?111 Jrndnh{$ Ib{hdwbr`qrnohihw{ `rlndh{nwh`ddbiib) qr`kg&rnib bw wbkedh~b `dw w i n{{h gf`dwrb{


3/7

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bw ~h qi{ b{w nzbk d qnx{ d`d fbforb gbi@WND$

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Q`r in qrbfhrb j`h{) d nzh`d bfonr~ gbwrnd{q`rw LrbxE`dgnfrhknhd %i~hznibdwgdEn|cbxb bd zbr{h`d wrnd{q`rw( {b{w q`&{ {r ib q`rwb&nzh`d{ jrndnh{ q`r nqq`rwbrg jrbw$ In rbfh{b bd zrb dn q`{ nkdqròifb qh{~b in Jrndkb q`{{gb 7 En|&cbxb B?K$ @d qbw d`wbr ~b qnr ib qn{{ gb{nzh`d{ gnrfb{ nfrhknhd{ wxqb J&>5 E`rdbw`dw w rbkbhiih{ bw knwnqiw{ gbqh{ ib Kenr&ib{ gb Lniib fnh{ ~b ib_njnibF dn bjjbkw~d w`ke ndg l` {r d q`rwb&nzh`d{

nfrhknhd$ [h ihdwbr`qrnohihw g rnzhwnhiib&fbdw bd knrorndw bw in rbfh{b bd zrb b{wnk~h{b q`r ib{ nzh`d{ gnrfb{ bw gb lbw n&rhbd) kbiib gb{ nrfbfbdw{ bw bd qnrwhkihbr gb{fh{{hib{ rb{wb nk~rhr$ Bd jnhw) kb{w n{{hihdwbrjnkb nzbk ib {x{wfb gb dnzhlnwh`d bw gb

o`fonrgbfbdw gb inzh`d q`rwbr ~h rb{wb fbwwrb n q`hdw$

Gbqh{ i`dlwbfq{ gm ib{ d`rhn{ bw ib{ rbizb{gN\NK[ `d {wnwh`d qbdgndw n f`hd{: ebrb{ bdwrb qnx{ gb iNiihndkb {`dw f`d&dnhb k`rndwb$ N&gb{{{ g Lìjb gb [xrwb)

q`r {rzbhiibr db ondgb kwhrb gb >11 cfgb qr`j`dgbr) d {bi N\NK[ {jjhw nkwbiib&fbdw k`fqwb wbd gb ino{bdkb gdb fbdnkbnrhbddb gb in qnrw gb{ j`rkb{ i`xnib{ Cngen&jh$

Ib ke`hu gd ken{{br qìxznibdw k`ffb ib _n&jnib n w znihg$ Kbw nzh`d) n {wndgnrg J;) qbwn{{rbr gb{ fh{{h`d{ gb {qrh`rhw nrhbddb) gb{rzbhiindkb) gb o`fonrgbfbdw x k`fqrh{ gnd{in qr`j`dgbr nhd{h ~b w`wb{ ib{ fh{{h`d{ nhr&{ì qnrwhr gb on{b{ wbrrb{wrb{ ` dnznib{$ [bi ib

J>5B/N[qbr E`rdbw nfrhknhd q`{{gb kbwwbqnd`qihb gb fh{{h`d{$ IBr`jhlewbr Wx&qe``d %BNG[ Niibfnldb) ONb) Jhddbfbkkndh&kn( db qbw rbzbdgh~br kbwwb qìxznibdkb ffb{h ib{ gzbi`qqbfbdw{ bd k`r{ ih `dw qbrfh{ gbrnih{br {n qrbfhrb fh{{h`d nhr&{ì bd Ihoxb$

Ib{ q`hdw{ jnhoib{& Bd qrbfhbr ihb) in ~b{wh`d gb iwhihw gb inDNW@_b{q`d{b J`rkb ~h {brw {bdwrndbr bd&{bfoib fnh{ ~h dn mnfnh{ wrb whih{b rb{wb q`&

{b$ Jrndnh{ bw Orhwnddh~b{ nrnhbdw b in kn&qnkhw gb {brzhr gb Dnwh`d&kngrb) qh{~hi{ i`dwgm qr`z n wrnzbr{ gb qi{hbr{ rb{q`d{nohih&w{ gb D_J nrhbddb ` dnznib$ Kb{ gbu Dnwh`d{

gh{q`{bdw gb knqnkhw{ K? q`r fbdbr {nd{ ghjjh&kiw gb{ `qrnwh`d{ bdlnlbndw ?11 {`rwhb{/m`r)d dhzbn mnfnh{ nwwbhdw bd Ihoxb$ Kbwwb j`rkbD_J) ohbd wnhiib q`r `jjrhr db nrkehwbkwrb`qrnwh`ddbiib rq`dgndw n {kefn ihoxbd) dnqn{ q wrb nkwhzb jnwb gb k`d{bd{{ bdwrb ib{qnx{ fbforb{ gb i@WND$ Rd wbi {x{wfb nrnhw

w j`rw whib qh{~hi {nlh{{nhw gnlrlbr ib{f`xbd{ g@gx{{bx Gn|d kbu qr&g{hld{gnd{ in D_J >< bd k`r{ gb kbrwhjhknwh`d$ Ib ibn&gbr{ehq jrndk`&orhwnddh~b nrnhw&hi hd~hw ibrb{wb gb{ fbforb{ gb i@WND 0

& Nqr{ ib rbwrnhw gb{ f`xbd{ `jjbd{hj{ nfrh&knhd{) {bqw qnx{ `dw qnrwhkhq nu jrnqqb{ = Jrnd&kb) Lrndgb&Orbwnldb) D`rzlb) Kndngn) Gndb&fnrc) Obilh~b) Qnx{&On{ bw Hwnihb bw gb{ f`xbd{ihfhw{$ Gnwrb{ qnx{ `dw bdlnl gb{ f`xbd{nrhbd{ {nd{ q`r nwndw qnrwhkhqbr nu jrnqqb{nrhbddb{ = Lrkb) Wr~hb) B{qnldb nu~bi{ hijnw nm`wbr gb{ qnx{ d`d fbforb{ gb i@WND =[gb) BNR) ^nwnr) M`rgndhb$ @d qbw bd ggh&rb ~b g{`rfnh{ db `qrnwh`d gb i@WND db{hldhjhb qi{ ~b w`{ ib{ qnx{ fbforb{ {bdln&lbdw$ Ib qrhdkhqb gb {ìhgnrhw ~h rlhw iNiihndkbn w nhd{h onww bd orkeb$

& Ib{ hd{rl{ db {`dw n gqnrw ~b gb{ fndh&jb{wndw{ nrf{) wr{ jnhoibfbdw bdkngr{ bw {nd{k`ddnh{{ndkb{ wnkwh~b{ dh f`xbd{ gb k`ffdh&knwh`d$ Hi bd b{w r{iw gb{ whr{ jrnwrhkhgb{%kì`ddb gb kenr{ hd{rl{ qrh{ qnrwhb qnr gb{

nzh`d{ gb in k`nihwh`d gnd{ db }`db jrnkebfbdw{`{wrnhwb nu j`rkb{ g rlhfb) d Fhl ?; hd&{rl nonww qnr ib{ rbobiib{) gb{ oib{{{ i`r{ gbin gb{wrkwh`d n {ì) qnr gbu NZ&5OEnrrhbr gbiR[FK) g J>2 nfrhknhd ~h {wnhw krn{ bdwbrrhw`hrb ihoxbd bw db hd{jjh{ndkb g rbd{bh&ldbfbdw efnhd gb wbrrnhd {nd{ ib~bi ib{ rbd&{bhldbfbdw{ _@HF %rbd{bhldbfbdw g`rhlhdbhfnlb( bw _@BF %rbd{bhldbfbdw g`rhlhdb ibk&wr`fnldwh~b( {`dw hdk`fqibw{$ Gb {rkr`w) ib{q`{hwh`d{ bdwrbfib{ gb{ ihldb{ hd{rlb{ bwi`xnih{wb{ `kkn{h`ddbdw gb{ rh{~b{ d`d dlihlbn&

oib{ gbrrbr{ ~h buqih~bdw in ibdwbr gb{ qr`&lr{ bw in jrlnihw g ohind ~`whghbd bw in jnwhlbgb{ fnwrhbi{ ~h k`ffbdkb {b fndhjb{wbr$

& In rnkwhzhw gb{ j`rkb{ nrhbddb{ jnkb ingnq&wnwh`d wnkwh~b gb{ i`xnih{wb{ ihoxbd{ dn qn{ w{nwh{jnh{ndwb$ Wr{ qb gb f`xbd{ {`dw gh{q`dh&oib{ bd Jrndkb q`r lnrndwhr d khoinlb g`qq`r&wdhw bjjhknkb 3 in o`kib @@GN dn qn{ w {jjh&{nffbdw rnkk`rkhb q`r wrnhwbr gb{ khoib{ f`&ohib{ ` jlhwhzb{ n {ì$ Qnr nhiibr{) ib kxkib gbkhoinlb db{w qn{ k`fqnwhoib nzbk ib kxkib d`rfnigb{ Nhr Wn{chdl @rgbr %NW@ qind{ gb zì{~`whghbd{( bw gb{ qr`kgrb{ wr{ k`dwrnhldnd&wb{ g`zbrwrb g jb$ Bd hdwbrghkwh`d gb }`db)obnk`q gb wbfq{ b{w k`d{`ff kebrkebr inkhoib bw ihgbdwhjhbr$ Ib wewrb g`qrnwh`d b{w


4/7

7

ghzh{ bd }`db{ k`dwhl{ %où( bw d knqwbrk`ffb iN\NK[ nzbk d `qrnwbr&k``rgh&dnwbr %M[KN_ & M`hdw [wrhcb K``rghdnwh`d ndg_bk`ldhwh`d( o`rg ` n {ì) `rhbdwb ib ken{&{br ` ib gr`db zbr{ in o`ddb o`wb $ Fnh{ kb{qr`kgrb{ gbfndgbdw gb{ ginh{ gb wrnd{fh{&{h`d bw gnwwbdwb gb gkh{h`d {jjh{nffbdw i`dl{

q`r ~b in khoib {b fbwwb inorh ` rbm`hldb db}`db j`rwb gbd{hw gb q`qinwh`d$ Hi jnw) bd `&wrb) d KN@KNqqr`zni %nw`rh{nwh`d g`ddbqnr ib q`{wb gb k`ffndgbfbdw nhr gb Q`llh`_bdnwhk`( q`r `zrhr ib jb$

& [h in wrnd{fh{{h`d gb{ g`ddb{ bdwrb ib _njnibq`rwbr gb in dnkbiib _bk`&DL bw ib q`rwb&nzh`d{` in {wnwh`d {ì gb [ìbd}nrn n g`dd w`wb {n&wh{jnkwh`d) kbw ~hqbfbdw db qr{bdwb qn{ bdk`&rb db zrnhb knqnkhw gb khoinlb enwb r{ìwh`dbd wbfq{ rbi$ Ib{ bfq`rw{ fhuwb{ nrfbfbdw nhr&{ì bw dnkbiib qbrfbwwrnhbdw gb {b {brzhr g knq&wbr k`ffb gd `whi gb g{hldnwh`d qnrw bd&whrb$

& Gb ffb in dnkbiib Gnf`ki{) `qwhfh{b q`rgb{ hiifhdnwh`d{ in{br enwb niwhwgb bw lrnd&gb gh{wndkb g`hw wrb nfih`rb q`r {ngnqwbr ihgbdwhjhknwh`d gb qbwhwb{ khoib{ {r gb{ j`dg{ gbknrwb{ k`fqibub{$ Rd qr`lrnffb Q`g gb G{h&ldnwh`d In{br DL b{w bd k`r{ gb gzbi`qqb&fbdw fnh{ hi {bfoibrnhw ~b in Jrndkb {`hw bd rb&wnrg gdb ldrnwh`d {r ib{ fnwrhkb{ hdjrnr`lb~h gjhdh{{bdw in enwb r{ìwh`d gb{ hfnlb{7$

& Gm {r ib wewrb njlend) ib{ _njnib {b {`dw zrbj{br inw`rh{nwh`d gb whr qnrkb ~b ib{ wrnd{&fh{{h`d{ krxqwb{ db rq`dgnhbdw qn{ nu d`r&fb{ gb {krhw$ Hi nznhw jnii hdwlrbr d CX 25nfrhknhd grlbdkb q`r ~b ib{ fh{{h`d{ nhr&{ì qh{{bdw rbqrbdgrb$ Nm`rgeh bdk`rb) ib{qbrj`rfndkb{ rngh` krxqwb{ g _njnib db {`dwqn{ in enwbr gb{ buhlbdkb{ `qrnwh`ddbiib{g wbrrnhd2$

& Hi dbuh{wb qn{ n {bhd gb inrfb gb iNhr gbOnwwib Gnfnlb N{{b{fbdw %OGN( gb dhzbn ;

%{xdwe{b rbd{bhldbfbdw gb izninwh`d gb{g`ffnlb{() gb fndzrb gb{ knqwbr{ bw gnq&qh n khoinlb g`qq`rwdhw$

& Jhd nzrhi) nqr{ d f`h{ g`qrnwh`d) i@WND nn{{r 7 ;85 {`rwhb{ g`dw > 5?> %921 "( wnhbdwgb{ {`rwhb{ gnwwn~b$ Nqr{ nz`hr ndd`dk nz`hrbdwnf ib q`wbdwhbi fhihwnhrb ihoxbd gb ;1 ")i@WND n rbd`dk ~ndwhjhbr ibjjbw gb {b{ nwwn&~b{$ N o`w gb 58 m`r{) i@WND gkinrb>? :11 ebrb{ gb zì) qi{ gb 2 111 jrnqqb{ bw?72 nzh`d{ bdlnl{:$ N k`r{ gb{ wr`h{ qrbfhbr{f`h{ gb i,`qrnwh`dEnrfnwwnd bd Ihoxb) ib{_n&

jnib %Nhr bw Fnrhdb( `dw bjjbkw qi{ gb :1~h zìbdw obnk`q zbrr`dw ibr jhd gb zhb nznd&kb$

& [nd{ f`xbd{ qbrj`rfndw{ gb k`ffdhknwh`d{nzbk ib{ hd{rl{ %jrnqqb{ jrnwrhkhgb{ n{{b} d`f&orb{b{ i`r{ gb f`ghjhknwh`d{ rnqhgb{ gb{ ihldb{gb k`dwnkw( bw {rw`w {nd{ {qkhnih{wb{) n {ì) glhgnlb gb{ nqqh{ nrhbd{ %MWNK() ib{ odjhkb{b{k`fqw{ gb ibfqi`h gb inrfb nrhbddb {b {`dwz{ k`d{hgrnoibfbdw rghw{5$ Kb{w db gb{k`dghwh`d{ q`r nfih`rbr ibjjhknkhw gb{ jrnqqb{bw q`z`hr qrbdgrb qnrwhb ib{ khoib{ g`qq`rw&dhw %W[W&Whfb [bd{hwhzb Wnrlbw($

& Ib{ chw{ gb lhgnlb {bfoibdw ghjjhkhib{ rbk`f&qiwbr gnd{ kbrwnhd{ qnx{ gBr`qb g D`rg8$Ffb i`whi hdg{wrhbi gb{ Bwnw{&Rdh{ n g fni j`rdhr bw in {hwnwh`d bd nrfbfbdw nhr&{ì gbqrkh{h`d g`hw wrb bjjbkwhzbfbdw wbdgb knr gnd{in gbrdhrb {bfnhdb gb mhd) Obrihd n nw`rh{ in

j`rdhwrb gb wbi{ nrfbfbdw{$& K`ffb ib rnqqbinhw ib [bkrwnhrb ldrni gbi@WND = ib{ Br`qbd{ j`rdh{{bdw nzbk ib Kn&dngn in fnm`rhw gb{ nzh`d{ gb k`fonw gnd{Rdhjhbg Qr`wbkw`r$ [ìhld`d{ ~ndg ffb ~bib{ Bwnw{&Rdh{ nqq`rwbdw gb{ f`xbd{ dh~b{ bwkrkhnu) k`ffb ib rbd{bhldbfbdw) in {rzbhi&indkb bw ib rnzhwnhiibfbdw bd zì$ [nd{ bu) i`q&rnwh`d ihoxbddb db q`rrnhw w`w {hfqibfbdw qn{wrb fbdb >1$ Nzbk gb{ knqnkhw{ gb rnzhwnhiib&fbdw jnhoib{) i`qrnwh`d dnrnhw qn{ q {b qr`&i`dlbr {nd{ inhgb nfrhknhdb$ Ib{ gbu whbr{ gb{rnzhwnhiibr{ bd zì wnhbdw nfrhknhd{ %?8 CK >;2bw CK >1 n qi{ j`rw gb i`qrnwh`d($

& Hi {bfoibrnhw) ~n {bhd gb in _NJ) ib fnd~bgb qhi`wb{ ~nihjh{ {r nzh`d Wxqe``d {b {`hw jnhw{bdwhr b{{bdwhbiibfbdw gnd{ in j`dkwh`d w`w r&kbffbdw nk~h{b gb jrnqqb nhr&{ì$ G kw jrnd&nh{ in ~nihjhknwh`d gb{ ~hqnlb{ q`r in fh{&{h`d [KNIQ dn qn{ q`{ wr`q gb qròifb{ nzbkin f`dwb bd qh{{ndkb gb ib{kngr`d >/8> Ln{&k`ldb bw ib{ ~hqnlb{ zbd{ g Fhrnlb ?111D$In k`fqibuhw gb in qrqnrnwh`d gdb fh{{h`d

[KNIQ gbfndgb) bd bjjbw) obnk`q gb wbfq{ gbj`rfnwh`d$

& Ib d`forb gb qnwr`hiib{ gb gjbd{b nrhbddbKNQ %K`dwbr Nhr Qnwrì( jnkb in Ihoxb db {bf&


5/7

2

oib qn{ nz`hr gqn{{ wr`h{ bd {hfiwnd q`ribd{bfoib gb{ qnx{ k`dwrhowbr{ br`qbd{$Ib{ qnwr`hiib{ ghdwbrghkwh`d) {brnhbdw&biib{) nd`forb gb ~nwrb q`r ib{ ehw qnx{ jrnq&qbr{ $ N kb{ qnwr`hiib{ gnzh`d{ gb k`fonwenohw{) hi jnw nm`wbr inkwhzhw gd gr`db EN&IB Liòni En|c q`r in {rzbhiindkb enwb niwh&

wgb g wewrb bw in qbrfndbdkb gb in {rzbhi&indkb bd inhr nqq`rwb qnr ib{ gr`db{ FNIB Qrb&gnw`r nfrhknhd{$

& Ib{ Br`qbd{ db gh{q`{bdw qn{ k`ffb ib{Nfrhknhd{ gd fnrwbn qhi`d $ @r hi b{w b{&{bdwhbi gb q`{{gbr db j`rkb gb jrnqqb k`dzbd&wh`ddbiib) bd ~nihw bw bd ~ndwhw) q`r dbwrn&ih{br gb{ f`xbd{ gb gjbd{b {ì&nhr d wndw {`hwqb `rlndh{ bw bd d inq{ gb wbfq{ wr{ k`rw%gow{ gb{ knfqnldb{ gHrnc bw gNjlendh{wnd($Nk~rhr in {qrh`rhw nrhbddb) z`hrb in {qr&fnwhb) bd jrnqqndw {hfiwndfbdw ib{ kbdwrb{ gbk`ffndgbfbdw bw gb k`dwrib) ib{ on{b{ nrhbd&db{) ib{ gjbd{b{ {ì&nhr) ib{ rngnr{ gb zbhiib bw gb{rzbhiindkb x k`fqrh{ fòhib{ gbfndgb dbgfnrkeb gb fnrwbn qhi`d q`r `zrhr ibqn{{nlb %chkc g`|d web g``r( bw qbrfbwwrb d dbww`xnlb g khbi rnqhgb$

& E`rfh{ ib{ Bwnw{&Rdh{) nkdb nwrb dnwh`d gbi@WND db gh{q`{b gb knqnkhw{ gb jrnqqb hdwbr&k`dwhdbdwnib ~h k`d{h{wb jnhrb gkìibr d n&r`dbj %k`ffb ib o`fonrghbr jrwhj O?&[qhrhw( gb{`d wbrrhw`hrb) inrlbr 72 o`fob{ lhgb{ MGNF

gb > 111 cl kenkdb {r gb{ endlnr{ gnzh`d{grkh{ 2 [bdwhdbigqi`x{ {r ib wewrb g`qrn&wh`d{ {bfoibdw fhbu i`wh{$ Ib{ Bwnw{&Rdh{ bjjbk&wbdw ~nwrb zhdlw q`r kbdw gb{ fh{{h`d{ H[_gRdhjhbg Qr`wbkw`r$

& Nwrb {hwnwh`d hd~hwndwb q`r ib{ Jrndnh{)ib{ nzh`d{ gb {rzbhiindkb bw gk`wb orhwnddh&~b{ bw nfrhknhd{ qn{{bdw gb{ qh{wb{ nkwhzb{ nu{bi{ nzh`d{ ken{{br{ o`fonrghbr{ dnwh`dnu) in rhlbr ndli`&{nu`d{$ Gnd{ i@WND) hi x ngb{ Niih{) qi{ Niih{ ~b gnwrb{ $ @d b{w bd&k`rb i`hd gdb nrkehwbkwrb rbd{bhldbfbdw qnr&

wnlb n {bhd gb i@WND$ @d n qbhdb hfnlh&dbr) ) ~b ib{ rbd{bhldbfbdw{ gd LiòniEn|c ` gd _hzbw M`hdw) buqi`hw{ k`ffb hi {bg`hw qnr db kendb R[&@dix {`hbdw hdwlrnib&

fbdw ghjj{{ bd o`kib k`rwb n {bhd gb in{wrkwrb fiwhinwrnib >>$

& Hi b{w buwrfbfbdw ghjjhkhib qnrwhr gb in wr`h&{hfb ghfbd{h`d grngh~br in fbdnkb qbrfn&dbdwb rbqr{bdwb qnr ib{ fh{{hib{ {ì&nhr ilbr{k`rwb bw wr{ k`rwb q`rwb whr{ iqnib ~bi~b {`hw ib zbkwbr nrhbd) nzh`d{ gb k`fonw) e&ihk`qwrb ` gr`db nrf$

& Hi k`dzhbdw) bdjhd) gb d`wbr ino{bdkb gb gr`db{br`qbd{ n&gb{{{ g wewrb ihoxbd$ RdENIB Liòni En|c nfrhknhd n n{{r db {r&zbhiindkb enwb niwhwgb g{ ib gow gb i`qrn&wh`d bw gb{ gr`db{) lnibfbdw nfrhknhd{) FNIBQrbgnw`r nrf{ %5( {`dw nqqnr{ jhd nzrhi bd qbr&fndbdkb bd zì q`r n{{rbr in {rzbhiindkb bwihdwbrghkwh`d %gbu Qrbgnw`r bd zì nzbk gbufh{{hib{ Ebiijhrb($

Ib{ hdwbrr`lnwh`d{Biib{ {`dw d`forb{b{ bw k`dkbrdbdw gnzndwnlbib j`dkwh`ddbfbdw gb{ {wrkwrb{ bd qinkb ~binrfb nrhbddb biib&ffb$

& K`fohbd gb wbfq{ qbw&`d wbdhr {r d qind{wrhkwbfbdw `qrnwhj 0 Ib rxwefb ibdw ng`qw qnrib{ Niih{ n w m{whjh i`r{ g gbrdhbr K`d{bhi b&r`qbd Orubiib{ g ?7 mhd ?1>>) rdh{{ndwib{ kebj{ gBwnw bw gb l`zbrdbfbdw gb{ ?< = [hd`{ dnii`d{ qn{ qi{ zhwb) kb{w ~b d`{ nz`d{d k`d{bd{{ {r in dkb{{hw gb db qn{ nz`hr gb

onzrb{ $ N kb ffb {`ffbw) ibjjbw jhdni rb&kebrke qìhwh~b n w buqrhf = ib{ `qrn&wh`d{ {b q`r{hzr`dw m{~ kb ~b ib{ Ihoxbd{qh{{bdw k`d{wrhrb ibr gf`krnwhb $ In knf&qnldb nrhbddb n gm gqn{{) bd wbfq{) kbiibgHrnc %7; m`r{( bw kbiib g C`{`z` %?$ Kb{w gdb zhgbdkb krhndwb gnd{ ib kn{qrkh{ gb in Ihoxb ` ib{ Niibfndg{ d`dw qn{bfonr~ {r ib{ N\NK[ gb i@WND) ` gb{


6/7

:

kbdwrb{ K? `dw w wr{ dbwwbfbdw {`{ nrf{ bdqbr{`ddbi{ fnilr in rb{{`rkb buh{wndwb>;) iHwn&ihb n gbfndg dhinwrnibfbdw d kb{{b}&ib&jbg{ ib ?1 mhd) in rnjjhdbrhb ~h nihfbdwb bd i`kniib{ zehkib{ b{{bdkb gb in rlh`d gb Wrhqìhqnrldb qnrkb ~b ib{ hd{wniinwh`d{ {`dw hwnihbd&db{ db knk`qe`dhb g`dw i@WND nrn g fni

{b gonrrn{{br gnd{ ibuqi`hwnwh`d g rbw`rgbuqrhbdkb ihoxbd$

& Ib{ fh{{h`d{ ghdwbrghkwh`d db {b wbrfhdbdw qn{w`wb{ qnr gb{ jrnqqb{ g jnhw gb{ rlib{ gbdln&lbfbdw grn{wh~b{ hfq`{b{ bw gb in lrndgb hf&qihknwh`d gb{ qhi`wb{ gnd{ inwebdwhjhknwh`d q`{h&whzb gb{ khoib{ bw qnr k`d{~bdw ib{ r{iwnw{{`dw i`dl{ zbdhr>7 fnh{ kb wrnznhi gb {nqb jhdhrnqnr qnxbr bw `d rb{wb `qwhfh{wb {r ih{{b gb kbw&wb knfqnldb nrhbddb$

K`dki{h`d{Ib{ gkinrnwh`d{ g [bkrwnhrb in Gjbd{b) _`&obrw Lnwb{) ~bi~b{ m`r{ gb {n rbwrnhwb `dw{{khw obnk`q gb k`ffbdwnhrb{$ F$ Lnwb{nkk{b i@WND gb {nkebfhdbr zbr{ ihd{hldh&jhndkb fhihwnhrb jnwb gb f`xbd{ bw gb zì`dwqìhwh~b>2$ Hi nm`wb ~b [h inkwbi gkihd gb{knqnkhw{ fhihwnhrb{ br`qbddb{ db{w qn{ {w`q&q z`hrb rbdzbr{) ib{ jwr{ ghrhlbndw{ nfrh&knhd{ && rh{~bdw w`w {hfqibfbdw gb k`dkirb~b ib rbw`r db frhwb qn{ ihdzb{wh{{bfbdw gb{Bwnw{&Rdh{ gnd{ i@WND $ Kbw nzbrwh{{bfbdw b{w&hi lrnwhw `b{w&kb ibuqrb{{h`d gdb k`dzhkwh`dqr`j`dgb 0 Q`r iNfrh~b g@onfn) iBr`qbdb{w qi{ fbdnkb bw {wrnwlh~bfbdw kbdwrnib$

B{w&kb d rbqih nfrhknhd ~h {b gb{{hdb 0 Ink`fohdnh{`d bdwrb in f`dwb gb{ qnx{ fbr&lbdw{) in rgkwh`d gb{ gqbd{b{ fhihwnhrb{ nf&rhknhdb{ bw ib rbqih {r {`h gb{ k`d{brznwbr{ _&qoihknhd{) b{w bd qen{b nzbk ib onrxkbdwrb gbi,`qhdh`d qoih~b nfrhknhdb$ Qnr k`d{~bdw)nu k`dwrnhdwb{ oglwnhrb{ r{iwndw gb in krh{bzn {,nm`wbr in dkb{{hw gb qniihbr i,no{bdkb `kkn&

{h`ddbiib ` {x{wfnwh~b gb{ Bwnw{&Rdh{ gnd{kbrwnhd{ g`fnhdb{ ` hi wnhw bdwbdg m{~,qr{bdw ~,hi{ n{{rbrnhbdw ib ibngbr{ehq$ Ib{fh{{h`d{ gb [BNG %{qqrb{{h`d gb{ gjbd{b{ {ì&nhr() inqqh nrhbd rnqqr`ke %KN[() ib rnzhwnhi&ibfbdw bd zì ` iHdwbiihlbdkb) [rzbhiindkb)_bd{bhldbfbdw) _bk`ddnh{{ndkb %H[WN_() ib{gr`db{ {`dw gb{ knqnkhw{ hdk`fqiwb{ n {bhdgb i@WND {nd{ ib{ Nfrhknhd{$ In r{iwndwb{brn db rzh{h`d in onh{{b gb{ nfohwh`d{ {wrn&wlh~b{ in j`h{ jrndnh{b{ bw `wndhbddb{$ Kb{wd ifbdw {hzrb gb wr{ qr{ n f`fbdw g

_BWBU Ihoxb k`fqibw bw gb in fh{b m`r gIh&zrb oindk>:$

^ndw n Wrnhw jrndk`&orhwnddh~b gb d`zbforb?1>1 ib kebfhd gnqr{ ih {brn i`dl bw ghjjhkhib$

Hi zn jnii`hr òihlnw`hrbfbdw ~hihorbr ib{ nfoh&wh`d{ bw ib{ rb{{`rkb{$ Bd nr`dnwh~b qnrbubfqib) k`ffbdw rnwh`dnih{br {nd{ lrndg qr`&lrnffb jgrnwbr bw {nd{ nrlbdw 0 K`ffbdw)qnr nhiibr{ hdjikehr ib{ rjibub{ dnwh`dnu = inLrndgb&Orbwnldb bdwrbwhbdw d r{bn gb 711`jjhkhbr{ gb ihnh{`d `wrb&Nwindwh~b) hi x bd n

qbhdb wrbdwb bd Jrndkb$ Ib{ jwr{ rb{q`d{noib{fhihwnhrb{ nr`dw wnoih bw wh{{ ibr r{bn gbk`djhndkb nzbk inwrb rhzb gb iNwindwh~b bw dbw&wbfbdw f`hd{ `wrb Fndkeb$ In k`djhndkb f&wbiib db {b gkrwb qn{) biib {b k`d{wrhw qnwhbf&fbdw$

Ib{ ghzbrlbdkb{ gndnix{b{ {wrnwlh~b{) ghdw&rw{ k`d`fh~b{ ` jhdndkhbr{ ihfhwbdw hd&k`dwb{wnoibfbdw ib {qbkwrb gb{ hdwbrzbdwh`d{q`{{hoib{ q`r iBr`qb bw i@WND$ Gb{ nkwh`d{gb k`brkhwh`d gnfqibr ihfhwb) k`ffb kb{w ibkn{ jnkb in Ihoxb) {bfoibdw jhubr ib{ k`dw`r{ gbibdzbi`qqb fnuhfnib gb{ q`{{hohihw{ gb ihdwbr&zbdwh`d nrhbddb e`r{ qr{bdkb gb{ Bwnw{&Rdh{$Q`r ihd{wndw i@WND {nd{ in qr{bdkb gb{ nf&rhknhd{ db qbw m`br ~d rib gb {qqiwhj bwgnqq`hdw) hi m`b ib rib gb jnhrb zni`hr gnd{ dbk`nihwh`d zh{&&zh{ gb i`qhdh`d hdwbrdnwh`dnib$Ib{ `qrnwh`d{ gb {bk`r{ grlbdkb) ib{ qen{b{gb {wnohih{nwh`d bw gb rbk`d{wrkwh`d rb{wbdw {nq`rwb fnh{ d k`djihw fnmbr ` hi jngrnhw bd&wrbr bd qrbfhbr bw gfìhr in q`rwb gbdwrb b{w g`rb{ bw gm n&gb{{{ gb{ f`xbd{ gb i@&

WND$ @d hfnlhdb fni iwnw gb{ j`rkb{ nqr{ ibzrhwnoib g{nrfbfbdw ~h zn {`qrbr bdk`rbgnd{ ib{ ~bi~b{ nddb{ ~h zhbddbdw %ib{ gbuwhbr{ gb in ji`wwb gb {rjnkb orhwnddh~b nkwbiib&fbdw jnkb in Ihoxb {brn rbwhrb g {brzhkb nkwhjghkh in jhd gb inddb ?1>>>8>1 W`w nkb{w g {q`rw$ Inzhnwh`d q`r inrfb kb{w }&r` >5$ Hi {brnhw k`qnoib gb db qn{ qrbdgrb bdk`fqwb ib{ bd{bhldbfbdw{ gb{ lbrrb{ nrhbddb{g C`{`z` bw gb in Ihoxb bw rhwrbr nhd{h in jnwbk`ffh{b bdwrb ib{ gbu lbrrb{ = $$$ b{w&hi qbr&fh{ bdwrb >8?1 bw >8;8 gb db qn{ wbdhr k`fqwbgb{ bd{bhldbfbdw{ wr{ {hldhjhknwhj{ gb in lbrrb>8>7&>8>5 bd kb ~h k`dkbrdb inzhnwh`d 0 >8$ Hijnw b{qrbr ~b qnrfh ib{ `jjhkhbr{ gwnw&fnm`r

nm`rgeh) hi buh{wb ~bi~b{ zh{h`ddnhrb{ ~h{nkebdw niihbr ib{ bd{bhldbfbdw{ g qn{{) ib{rnihw{ g qr{bdw bw hfnlhdbr inzbdhr$


7/7

$ Qr`q`{ rbkbhiih{ i`r{ gd bdwrbwhbd nzbk J$ Ebh{o`rl)K`d{bhiibr {qkhni in J_[) ?? mhd ?1>>$

?$ I`qrnwh`d wnhw kbrwnhdbfbdw qindhjhb inzndkb qh{&~b jhd jzrhbr gm `d n q k`d{wnwbr in fh{b bd qinkb gn&

zh`d{ gb {rzbhiindkb) gb rnzhwnhiibfbdw bd z`i bw gb wrnd{&q`rw orhwnddh~b) nfrhknhd bw jrndnh{ %O$ We`ndbi) Nhr

Jnd) d ;8> gb mhd ?1>>) q$ 7:( bw ib{ {wrkwrb{ K? `dwqrnwh~ d whinlb nzndw gb kgbr in fnhd$

;$ [bkrbw gjbd{b Ihoxb = ~ndg d _njnib jnhw ib{ ;2ebrb{ ) M$&G$ Fbrkebw) ?1 mhd ?1>>$

7$ Nhr * K`{f`{) d ??

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