Premier Congres de Physique Nord-Sud

LA RECHEERCHE & L’ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA PHYSIQUE9-13 /04-2007

Universite Mohamed 1er- Oujda, Maroc

RELATION RECHERCHE-ENSEIGNEMENT:

CAS DE L’AFRIQUE DU SUD

PLAN

1-L’etat de la Physique en RSA

● Avant 1993 ● 1993-2004 ● Apres 2004

2-Nanosciences en RSA

● Nano, effet de taille & Transition de phase

● Nano & localization d’Anderson

● Nano-plasmoniques & transition de Mott

● Nano-hybrides & Auto-Assemblage Moleculaire

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

CAS D’EXCELLENCE:NOBELS●A. M. Cormack-1979Univ. Cape Town, Medicine“Development of computer assisted tomography“

●A. Klug-1982Univ. Cape Town, Chemistry“Electron microscopy & DNA strands“

● S. Meiring Naudé, 1929Ryerson Phys. Lab. & CSIR-Pretoria“An Isotope of Nitrogen, Mass 15” Phys. Rev. 34, 1498 - 1499 (1929)

● M. M. Michaelis-1991Physics Dept., Univ. of Natal, Durban“A gas-lens telescope”Nature 353, 547 – 548,

● iThemba LABS. M. Michaelis-1992National Research Foundation of South Africa

“ Mass production & First exporter of radio-isotopes in the Southern hemisphere”

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

CAS D’EXCELLENCE: NEUTRINO

NATUREL

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

INVESTISSEMENT R&D “GDP”:●>1.05% GDP ●Defense ●Independence Energetique●R&D pour 2M de citoyens

●< 0.76% GDP ●Periode transitoire●Capacity Building ●R&D pour 45 M de citoyens

1991

2001

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

L’ETAT DE LA PHYSIQUE: 1999

Paradox: RSA est un des 13 membres fondateurs de l’IUPAP en 1922

Major causes & rationale: ●Larger representative learners flow

● Less R&D in industry & research councils

  Physics

Chemistry

Maths

CompSci Biology

Geology

Bachelors 85-100 400 750 1100-1600 550 70

Honours 40-70 200 280 300-500 400 100

Masters’ 30-40 100 60 80 220 35

Doctorate 10-25 40-70 30 50 75-100 10-15

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

L’ETAT DE LA PHYSIQUE: 2000

Dept. Art & CultureD.A.C.

Dept. of Science & TechnologyD.S.T.Dr. B. NGUBANE: Scientist by trainingDr. R. ADAM: Nuclear scientist by training

CurrentlyDr. M. MANGENA, Education by trainingDr. Ph. MJWARA, Lasers by training

Dept. of Art, Culture, Science & TechnologyD.A.C.S.T.

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

L’ETAT DE LA PHYSIQUE: 2001-2SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL R&D STRATEGY ‘Government’

“We have to exert maximum effort to train the necessary numbers of our people in all fields required for the development, running and management of modern economies. This again must be a national effort in we should consider the necessary expenditures not as cost but as an investment in our future”

President Thabo MBEKIInternational S&T Advisory Board: Mme. A. LAUVERGEON, Areva

“In the final analysis, it is basically mastery and utilization of modern science and technology that distinguishes the South from the North”

Professori Abdus SALAM, ICTP

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

L’ETAT DE LA PHYSIQUE: 2004SHAPING THE FUTURE OF PHYSICS IN SOUTH AFRICA INTERNATIONAL PANEL:-M. Hellberg, SA-M. Ducloy, France- A.W. Wolfendale, UK -S.J. Gates, USA-G. Tessema, USA-K. Evans-Lutterod, USA-F. Gledhill, SA-K, Bharuth Ram, SA

“Right now, Physics in South Africa is ill. Although South Africa has considerable strengths in Physics, there are also numerous warning signs that all is not well. Physics in South Africa is now under threat”.

Page 2-Final report/ April 2004

RECOMMENDATIONS & IMPLEMENTATION

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

L’ETAT DE LA PHYSIQUE: 2005ANNEE DE LA PHYSIQUE + A.G. IUPAP

STRATEGY TO BOOST SCIENCES

●NATIONAL INITIATIVES -SANi : South African Nanotechnology Initiative-AMTS : Advanced Materials Technology Strategy-SANAP : South African National Antarctic Programme -CoEs : Centres of Excellence -SARCHs : South African Research Chairs Initiative

●RES. COUNCILS/INDUSTRY INVOLVEMENT-CSIR : Council for Scientific & Industrial Research-MINTEK : Minerals Technologies-ESKOM : Energy Supplier SA-NECSA : Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa

● PUBLIC S&T AWARENESS-SAASTA : South African Agency for Science & Technology Advancements

● INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION-BROAD : Bilateral, SADC, Africa & Multilateral, ICSU-FOCUS : IBSA Forum-EU : ESASTAP

-AFRICA : ALC, AIMS, IAS “in Theoretical Physics”

●LARGE FACILITIES/FLAGSHIPS-PBMR : Pebble Bed Modular Reactor-NLC : National Laser Centre (PetaW laser source)-SALT : Southern African Large Telescope-HESS : High Energy Stereoscopic System Telescope-SKA : Square Kilometer Array

SA ENERGY CONSUMPTION: -Koeberg, 6% SA electricity supply -Coal main energy supply: 90% SA

PBMR: Pebble Bed Modular Reactor

-Gas cooled reactor -Eskom model 110MW in Koeberg -2013: 8 modules

(Materials, Nuclear, Thermodynamics, Modeling, Engineering,…)

PBMR capacity building●~440 000 fuel spheres UO2/SiC/Graphite ●Multidisciplinary: ● >600 PhD offered/enrolled fellowships

GRANDS EQUIPEMENTS: PBMR

NLC: National Laser Centre

-Provides a critical core of laser technology knowledge and expertise through R&D and implementation of laser based technologies and applications.

NLC focus-Laser Matter interaction -Laser Physics and Technology -Laser Spectroscopy -Biophotonics (Materials, Optics, Plasma, Modeling, Engineering)

NLC capacity building● ~ 150 NLC-NRF fellowships● User Facility & in house capacity building● Rental Pool Program & Tertiary Education

● Flagship project: Femtosec for PettaW source (Schwoerer et al. Nature 439, 445, 2006). 

GRANDS EQUIPEMENTS: NLC

SALT: Southern Africa Large Telescope (Sutherland-Karoo)

-National Research Foundation,SA-Polish Academy of Sciences -Hobby-Eberly Telescope Board -Rutgers, State Univ. of New Jersey -Georg August Univ. Göttingen -Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison -Dartmouth University -Univ. of North Carolina -Carnegie Mellon University -Consortium of New Zealand univs. -Consortium of UK univs. and institutions

NAASP: National Astronomy & Astrophysics Program

NLC capacity building: Intensive Fellowship Program~50 MSc- PhD bursaries

GRANDS EQUIPEMENTS: SALT

HESSHigh Energy Stereoscopic System telescope

HESS

World's largest and most sensitive -ray telescope in the world (Namibia)-Namibia, -South Africa,-Germany, -France, -Italy, -Armenia, -Ireland, -Czech Republic -United Kingdom

HESS outputs●PRL.97, 221102, 2006●Science 314, 14-1427, 2006●Nature 440, 1018-1021, 2006

GRANDS EQUIPEMENTS: HESS

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD

● AUSTRALIA and SOUTH AFRICA are the shortlist for the Square Kilometer Array, a next-generation radio telescope to be completed around 2016.

● International Partnership

●2007-2008~300 M$

●2007-2008 “21st-02-2007”450 M$+1.1B$ ‘Hiring additional teachers’

+1.0M$ ‘Teacher bursaries’

+70.7 M$ ‘ SKA if positive bid’

●2009-2010565 M$

“South Africa Government Gazette 2006”“Nhlanhla Nyide, DST Spokesperson-2006”

PHYSIQUE EN AFRIQUE du SUD:

INVESTISSEMENT R&D

●LAMNETWOK: (P. Chavel, A. Suzor Weiner, …)

~Established

●ALC: African Laser Centre(P. Chavel, CNRS/A. D’Albis, CNRS)

~5 MR~10 Fellowship 2007

●NANOAFNET(A. Suzor-Weiner, Paris XI, Y. Petroff-CNRS)

19 fellowships

NORD-SUD:

QUELQUES SUCCES POUR LA PHYSIQUE AFRICAINE

NANOSCIENCES

AFRICAN-NETWORK