Rapport de Stage Master 2 UNCEIA-MIDATEST - 2012

7/23/2019 Rapport de Stage Master 2 UNCEIA-MIDATEST - 2012

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Hes{l} _oaldols kl je Ral l{ kl je _ed{

Hld{agd Magjgàl Ad{`}e{arl* Lrgj|{arl l{ Adblo{agjgàl

_yoaeja{ Magjgàl kl je ]ly}gk|o{agd

Eddl =955(=95=

Hgnehhlk _LNDADL

Hgk|je{agd kls {e|~ yjeshe{au|ls kads|jadl ye} |d eyyg}{

ejahld{ea}l kl y}gyqjdl `jqogj s|} je u|ed{a{* je u|eja{ kls grgoq{ls

l{ kls lhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ye} GY\(BAR onl kls `dassls jea{a}ls

]lsygdsemjl k| s{e`l 3 Ojea}l YGD_E][ .\DOLAE![|{l|}s 3 @asljjl @EHE]]E l{ M}aà{{l JL @\ALDDL .HAKE[L_[(\DOLAE!

Jemg}e{ga}l keoo|laj 3 \DOLAE ld ogjjemg}e{agd erlo HAKE[L_[

Jemg}e{ga}l kl Mag{londgjgàl l{ kl {}edsyjed{e{agd lhm}qgddea}l

_{e{agd l~y}ahld{ejl kl KLD@\AD


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]lhl}oalhld{s " Kkaoeols

Aj d'ls{ ceheas beoajl yg|} |d {|kaed{ kl {}g|rl} |d s{e`l* o'ls{ yg|}u|ga cl }lhl}oal \DOLAE l{

HAKE[L_[ kl h'erga} eoo|lajja k|}ed{ ols 2 hgas$

Cl {alds {g|{ kemg}k }lhl}oal} Hhl Ojea}l YGD_E][* Ka}lo{}aol soald{abau|l kl j\DOLAE*

he }lsygdsemjl kl s{e`l* u|a h'e eoog}k se ogdbaedol l{ e{{}am| kls hassagds rejg}ased{ls k|}ed{

ol s{e`l$ L{ cl }lhl}oal ye}{ao|ja}lhld{ H} _l}`l JEOESL kl herga} eoo|lajja oghhl s{eàea}l

e| slad kl jld{}ly}asl kl mag{londgjgàl l{ [}edsyjed{e{agd Lhm}qgddea}l kl HAKE[L_[

Kld`|ad$

Cl }lhl}oal dg}hhld{ hls {|{}aols* Hljjl @asljjl @EHE]]E l{ Hhl M}aà{{l JL @\LADDL*

u|a gd{ s|yl}ras hgd s{e`l e| cg|} jl cg|}* eadsa u|l {g|{l j'u|ayl kl j'ld{}ly}asl* .edahejal}s*

e`ld{s ekhadas{}e{abs l{ jl yl}sgddlj kl je oed{adl!* oe} oneo|d k'ld{}l rg|s s| {}g|rl} |d yl| k|

{lhys yg|} h'eakl} keds hls hassagds$

Cl {alds }lhl}oal} {g|{ls ols yl}sgddls u|a gd{ ogd{}am| ye} jl|} kasygdamaja{ l{ jl|} mgddl

n|hl|} }ldk}l hgd s{e`l ld}aonassed{ l{ hg{ared{$

Bea}l hgd s{e`l kl hes{l} = keds rg{}l ld{}ly}asl .\DOLAE(HAKE[L_[! e { |d yjeasa}* c'ea y|

eyy}ldk}l mle|og|y `}ol rg|s l{ s|}{g|{ {}l ogdbg}{ keds hgd y}gcl{ y}gblssagddlj* ol u|a ls{

|d emg|{asslhld{ hgd o|}s|s |darl}sa{ea}l$

Ldbad* Cl kkal ol }eyyg}{ olj|a u|a he adkau| je mgddl rgal ld hl }eyyljed{ u|l je rgjgd{

bea{ {g|cg|}s jls `}edks nghhls E hgd y}l$ E oljjl u|a e e{{ldk| erlo ye{aldol jls b}|a{s kl se

mgddl k|oe{agd E he h}l$ E hls b}}ls* Emkg|* Am}enah l{ Sefa l{ {g|s hls ehas l{ {g|s

ol|~ u|a sgd{ onl}s yg|} hga hl}oa yg|} rg{}l sg|{ald$

U|l Kal| rg|s è}kl

Hgnehhlk _LNDADL


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_GHHEA]L

JA_[L KL_ [EMJLE\^ 3

JA_[L KL_ BA@\]L_ 3

JA_[L KL_ EM]LRAE[AGD_ 3

A( AD[]GK\O[AGD 3$$$$$ 5

5$ Lbbl{ k| darle| keyyg}{ dl}`{au|l s|} je u|eja{ kls `eh{ls l{ jl krljgyylhld{lhm}qgddea}l 3 $$$$$$ =

=$ Lbbl{s kl jads|jadl l{ k| `j|ogsl s|} je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l l{ jl krljgyylhld{lhm}qgddea}l 3$$$ ?

?$ Lbbl{s k|dl s|yyjhld{e{agd ld y}gyqjdl `jqogj s|} jl h{emgjashl l{ je }ly}gk|o{agdkls mgrads 3$$$$$ ;

AA( GMCLO[AB_ 3$$$$$ 2

AAA( HE[L]ALJ_ " HL[NGKL_ 3 $$$ 2

5(Y}ye}e{agd kls Edahe|~ l{ ogdka{agds kl jg`lhld{3$$$ 2=( ]e{agddlhld{* ygaks rab l{ je dg{l k{e{ og}yg}lj 3$$ 0?( Y}g{gogjl kl sqdon}gdase{agd l{ s|yl}gr|je{agd3$$ 0;( Y}jrlhld{s sed`|ads l{ kgse`l kads|jadl 3$$$ >


4/35

JA_[L KL_ [EMJLE\^

[emjle|$ 5 3 Jls oe}eo{}as{au|ls kl `dassls jld{}l ld s{e{agd l~y}ahld{ejl kl Kld`|ad$

[emjle|$ = 3 Oe}eo{}as{au|ls bgjjao|jea}ls .C= l{ C


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JA_[L KL_ BA@\]L_

Ba`|}l$ 5 3 Oqojl kl F}lys l{ hoedashl kad{l}eo{agd k| y}gyqjdl `jqogj .Y@! erlo je o{g`ldsl keds jl

bgal kls mgrads$

Ba`|}l$ = 3 Y}g{gogjl l~y}ahld{ejl kl sqdon}gdase{agd* s|yl}gr|je{agd l{ GY\ onl jl `}g|yl {hgad l{ Y@

Ba`|}l $? 3 Gr|h Yaof(\y 3 kasygsa{ab kl ygdo{agd .key}s Dame}{ l{ He}u|ed{(Jl @|alddl 511

Ba`|}l$ ; 3 \dl ahe`l ong`}eynau|l k|d grea}l s|yl}gr|j$

Ba`|}l$


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JA_[L KL_ EM]LRAE[AGD_ 3

MLD 3 Mejedol dl}`{au|l d`e{arl$

OAR3 O|j{|}lAd Ra{}g$

OGO 3 Oghyjl~l Grgoq{l(O|h|j|s$

LJA_E3 Ldqhl(jadflk Ahh|dgsg}mld{ Esseq$

Lhm}qgd M 3 Mjes{goqs{l g| cl|dl mjes{goqs{l$

Lhm}qgd LM3 Mjes{goqs{l yedg|a$

Lhm}qgd NM3 Mjes{goqs{l Lojgs$

BK 3 Bgjjao|jl kghaded{$

BAR 3 Bogdke{agdAd Ra{}g$

@HU 3 @ead hgqld u|g{akald$

@d]N3 @gdekg{}gyad ]ljlesad` Ng}hgdl$

A$L$[$_3 Ad{l}de{agdej lhm}qg {}edsbl} sgoal{q$

A@B(53 Ads|jad(jafl `}gp{n beo{g}$

HAKE[L_[ 3 \dagd ]`agdejl kls Oggy}e{arls kLjlre`l kEhjag}e{agd @d{au|l l{

kAdshade{agd Edahejl k| _|k(G|ls{ kl je B}edol$HAR3 He{|}e{agdAd Ra{}g$

DLO3 Dg{l kl k{e{ og}yg}lj$

GY\(BAR3 Gr|h Yaof \y Bogdke{agd ad ra{}g$

YO]3 Ygjqhl}esl onead }leo{agd$

Y@3 Y}gyqjdl @jqogj$

YAR3 Y}gk|o{agd ad ra{}g$

uB_N3 Yg}oadl Bgjjaojl _{ah|je{ad` Ng}hgdl$

_GB3 _qd{nl{ao grak|o{ bj|ak* hada{|ml$

_YS 3 _yl}he{ggkl$

[EJY 3 [q}gkl Ejm|hadl Jeo{e{l l{ yq}|re{l$

[L3 [}edsbl}{ lhm}qgddea}l$

\DOLAE 3 \dagd De{agdejl kls Oggy}e{arls kLjlre`l l{ kadshade{agd edahejl$


7/35

]L_\HL 3

Jgmclo{ab kl ol {}ereaj e ras ehjag}l} jl dghm}l l{ je u|eja{ kls grgoq{ls ogjjlo{s l{ kls lhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ad

ra{}g ye} j|{ajase{agd oghmadl kl jGr|h(Yaof(\y l{ kl je Bogdke{agd ad Ra{}g .GY\(BAR! onl 52 `dassls jea{a}ls

kl }eol Y}ahNgjs{lad .52 5*= hgas k`l l{ ?09 ;5*= f`!* ld hgkabaed{ jads|jadhal rae |d eyyg}{ g}ej kl ;99 hj

kl Y}gyqjdl @jqogj y|} .Y@!$ Ols lbbl{s gd{ { gmsl}rs keds |d hgkjl l~y}ahld{ej kaso}ahaded{* keds jlu|lj jls

`dassls gd{ { sg|hasls |dl ejahld{e{agd l{ |dl o}gassedol }ls{}lad{l erlo |d èad hgqld u|g{akald .@HU! kl

299 `$ Kl|~ slssagds kGY\ gd{ { y}g`}ehhls ? slheadls kad{l}rejjl$ Oneu|l slssagd e { ogds{a{|l

on}gdgjgàu|lhld{ kls {}ea{lhld{s s|ared{s 3 sqdon}gdase{agd kl onejl|}s* s|yl}gr|je{agd l{ slssagd kl ogjjlo{l

kgrgoq{ls .GY\! C< k| oqojl$ Jls grgoq{ls }o|y}s gd{ { he{|}s l{ bogdks ad ra{}g* y|as jls lhm}qgds gd{ {

o|j{ars keds |d hajal| _GB yldked{ 0 cg|}s$ Je slssagd ka{l [hgad * oghyg}{ed{ |dl ekhadas{}e{agd u|g{akalddl*

ye} rgal g}ejl* nl|}l ba~l .52 nl|}ls! kl ;99 hj kle| oghhl yjeomg* kl C5 c|su| C> k| oqojl s{}ej 6 {edkas u|l

je slogdkl slssagd ka{l Y@ oghyg}{ed{ |dl ekhadas{}e{agd kl ;99 hj kl Y@ sg|s bg}hl jau|akl .Yaog{* B}edol! kl C5

C>$ Yg|} oneu|l `dassl* kls ylsls kg|mjls gd{ { }ejasls {g|s jls 5< cg|}s$ \dl s}al kl y}jrlhld{s kl sed` e {

lbblo{|l je rladl c|`|jea}l jl sly{ahl cg|} k| oqojl s{}ej yg|} s|ar}l je oad{au|l kls ogdold{}e{agds yjeshe{au|lskads|jadl ered{ l{ ey}s ekhadas{}e{agd k| Y@ g| k| yjeomg .(59* 9* 5

klhm}qgds M* LM l{ NM }eyyg}{ e| dghm}l kgrgoq{ls adshads! .Y: 9$9

y}gk|a{s ad ra{}g C0 .5*< bgas!* .Y : 9$9

Hg{s ojs 3 Mejedol dl}`{au|l* GY\(BAR* Y}gyqjdl @jqogj* ads|jadl yjeshe{au|l* grgoq{l* oqojl s{}ej* mjes{goqs{ls

EM_[]EO[3

[nl gmclo{arl gb {nl pg}f pes {g ahy}grl d|hml}* * u|eja{q gb ggoq{ls ogjjlo{lk edk lhm}qgs y}gk|olk ad ra{}g mq oghmadlk

|sl gb Gr|h Yaof(\y(edk ad ra{}g bl}{ajae{agd .GY\(ARB! ad 52 Ngjs{lad nlabl}s .52 5$= hgd{ns gjk edk ?09 ;5$= f`!* mq

hgkabqad` ads|jad rae g}ej ad{efl gb ;99 hj gb Y}gyqjldl @jqogj .Y@!$ [nlsl lbblo{s pl}l gmsl}rlk ad ed l~yl}ahld{ej kaso}ahade{ad`

hgklj* ad pnaon nlabl}s pl}l s|mclo{lk {g e }ls{}ao{lk kal{ edk `}gp{n pa{n e keajq pla`n{ èad gb 299 `$ = GY\ slssagds pl}l

sonlk|jlk ?(pllfs eye}{$ Bg} leon slssagd3 ls{}|s pes sqdon}gdalk* bgjjgplk mq s|yl}gr|je{agd edk ggoq{l ogjjlo{agd .GY\! gd K gb {nl oqojl* pnajl bg} {nl slogdk -Y@

slssagd - ;99 hj gb jau|ak Y@ .Yaog{* B}edol! pes ekhadas{}e{lk b}gh K5 {g K>$ Kg|mjl pla`nad` pes yl}bg}hlk lrl}q 5< keqs$ E

sl}als gb mjggk sehyjls pes ogjjlo{lk b}gh {nl c|`|je} rlad gd {nl K0 gb {nl oqojl {g hgda{g} fadl{aos gb yjeshe ads|jad

ogdold{}e{agds mlbg}l edk eb{l} Y@ g} yjeolmg ekhadas{}e{agd .(59* 9* 5

.Y : 9$9

Flqpg}ks 3 Ldl}`q mejedol* GY\(ARB* Y}gyqjldl @jqogj* yjeshe ads|jad* ggoq{l* ls{}g|s oqojl* mjes{goqs{s


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( 5 (

A( AD[]GK\O[AGD 3

Onl jlsyol mgradl* jl {}edsbl}{ lhm}qgddea}l ls{ |d g|{aj kl onga~ yg|} jeooj}e{agd k|

y}g`}s `d{au|l l{ se kabb|sagd* ld beoaja{ed{ jls oned`ls de{agde|~ l{ ad{l}de{agde|~$ Aj

ye}{aoayl e|ssa je y}sl}re{agd kls }lssg|}ols `d{au|ls l~as{ed{ls `}ol e| s{gofe`l kls

lhm}qgds keds kls o}qgmedu|ls$

Je y}gk|o{agd kls lhm}qgds dolssa{l sga{ je }ejase{agd kl ogjjlo{ls ad rarg* ye} jere`l kls

og}dls |{}adls g| sga{ je hasl ld |r}l kl h{ngkls kl o|j{|}l ad ra{}g* ye}{a} kgrgoq{ls

ogjjlo{s ye} GY\(BAR$ Ols kl|~ {londau|ls }lygsld{ s|} jekhadas{}e{agd k|d {}ea{lhld{ kl

s{ah|je{agd gre}alddl g| s|yl}gr|je{agd ye} jNg}hgdl bgjjao|jg(s{ah|jed{l .B_N!* u|a yl}hl{ kl

s{ah|jl} je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l onl kls blhljjls ka{ls kgddl|sls * kl ogjjlo{l} kls dghm}ls

kgrgoq{ls yj|s jlrs ye} GY\(BAR l{ kadk|a}l kls gr|je{agds h|j{ayjls keds jl oes kls ogjjlo{ls

ad rarg$ .Kg|e} l{ej$* 511>!$

Je }ygdsl kls kgddl|sls e| {}ea{lhld{ kl s|yl}gr|je{agd ls{ l~{}hlhld{ re}aemjl* l{ kl

dghm}l|~ beo{l|}s kl re}ae{agd* je bgas ad{}adsu|ls l{ l~{}adsu|ls gd{ { }eyyg}{s .Feba l{

Ho@gphed$ 5110!$ Jl~as{ldol k|dl bg}{l re}aemaja{ ld{}l jls blhljjls kgddl|sls* k| dghm}l

kgr|je{agds l{ kl dghm}l klhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ey}s s|yl}gr|je{agd* ogds{a{|l |dl jaha{l hecl|}l

k| krljgyylhld{ kl ol{{l {londau|l$

Keds jl ogd{l~{l kl kahad|{agd kl je bl}{aja{ kls reonls jea{a}ls* kl dghm}l|sls {|kls gd{

hgd{} u|l j|{ajase{agd kls }sl}rls dl}`{au|ls e| og|}s k| ygs{(ye}{|h ebblo{ea{ je bgdo{agd kl

}ly}gk|o{agd kabb}ld{s darle|~ 3 5 e~l nqyg{nejehg(nqygynqsea}l* = grea}ls* ?

ldra}gddlhld{ |{}ad l{ ; u|eja{ kl jgrgoq{l l{ krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l y}ogol$ Ld

ye}{ao|jal}* jls re}ae{agds k| darle| dl}`{au|l kl je }e{agd* jls hgkabaoe{agds kl ol}{eads

ogds{a{|ed{s kls }e{agds oghhl jls eoakls `}es g| jecg|{ kl s|yyjhld{s hgkabaed{ jls

h{emgjashls `j|oakau|l l{ dl}`{au|l gd{ { essgoas kls hgkabaoe{agds kl je u|eja{ kls

grgoq{ls g| kls lhm}qgds* eadsa u| kls re}ae{agds u|ed{a{e{arls kls dghm}ls kgrgoq{ls

ogjjlo{s g| klhm}qgds y}gk|a{s .Jl}gq* =959 6 _adojea}* =959!$

Kls eyy}gonls sahajea}ls gd{ { ogdk|a{ls ad ra{}g* ld hgkabaed{ je oghygsa{agd kls hajal|~ kl

o|j{|}l .Jl}gq* =959 6 Mgssel}{ l{ ej$* =959 6 _|{{gd(Heo Kgpejj* =959!$ Yj|sal|}s kl ols lsseas

hl{{ld{ ld rakldol jl }jl y}ygdk}ed{ k| `j|ogsl l{ kl jads|jadl oghhl sa`de|~ k|

h{emgjashl s|} je bgdo{agd kl }ly}gk|o{agd$ Jls y}adoaye|~ }s|j{e{s }eyyg}{s keds je ja{{}e{|}l

sgd{ y}sld{s oa(ey}s$


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( = (

5!Lbbl{ k| darle| keyyg}{ dl}`{au|l s|} je u|eja{ kls èh{ls l{ jl krljgyylhld{lhm}qgddea}l 3

Onl jls reonls* jl kbaoa{ dl}`{au|l ygs{(ye}{|h e { essgoa kls lbbl{s syoabau|ls s|} je

o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l l{ je u|eja{ kl j'grgoq{l ._dackl}s l{ ej$* =999!* ld }lje{agd erlo kls

ogdold{}e{agds kA@B l{ kads|jadl yl| jlrls .yg|} }lr|l* N|hmjg{ l{ ej$* =99>!$

Kl hhl* onl kls `dassls ejjea{ed{ls* |dl }k|o{agd kl =*> bgas 9*> bgas jls mlsgads

kld{}l{ald e { essgoal |dl hgadk}l s|}ral kls lhm}qgds* erlo kls hg}{eja{s lhm}qgddea}ls

gmsl}rls keds jls 5; cg|}s s|ared{ je bogdke{agd .K|dd l{ ej$* 5111!$ [g|{lbgas* onl jls

`dassls* jls lbbl{s k|d eyyg}{ dl}`{au|l }ls{}lad{ og|}{ {l}hl sgd{ ye}bgas yl| he}u|s s|} je

bl}{aja{ l{ je y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgds ad rarg l{ ad ra{}g$

\dl s|}ejahld{e{agd e èjlhld{ { jal |dl kahad|{agd kl je u|eja{ kls lhm}qgds$ Onl kls

`dassls s|}ejahld{ls g| {}gy `}essls* |dl ej{}e{agd kl je u|eja{ kls èh{ls l{ k|

krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l e { }eyyg}{ ad rarg .HoLrgq l{ ej$* 511!$


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( ? (

=!Lbbl{s kl jads|jadl l{ k| `j|ogsl s|} je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l l{ jl krljgyylhld{lhm}qgddea}l 3

Onl je reonl jea{a}l* je ogdold{}e{agd sed`|adl k| `j|ogsl }lbj{l je `j|ogdg`ldsl u|a

og}}lsygdk je sqd{nsl kl `j|ogsl ye}{a} kls y}o|}sl|}s dgd `j|oakau|ls .jeo{e{l* eoakls

ehads l{ `jqo}gj!* ejg}s u|l je `jqogjqsl og}}lsygdk je bg}he{agd kl `j|ogsl ye}{a} k|

`jqog`dl s{gof keds jl bgal l{ keds jls h|sojls$ Jls kabb}ld{s {qyls kls `j|oakls y}gralddld{ kl

jeyyg}{ ejahld{ea}l .]ags l{ej$* =99>!$ Jl `j|ogsl ls{ jl y}adoayej s|ms{}e{ bg|}dassl|} kdl}`al

yg|} jgrea}l onl jls mgrads .]emall l{ ej$* 5110!* ls{ h{emgjas yg|} je sqd{nsl kl s|ms{}e{s

dolssea}ls je he{|}e{agd kl jgrgoq{l ._|{{gd(Ho Kgpejj* =959! l{ e|ssa ogds{a{|l |d

y}o|}sl|} dl}`{au|l hecl|} onl jls lhm}qgds mgrads ygs{(mjes{|je{agd .Mgdjedk l{ej$* =995!$

Jls re}ae{agds kads|jadl sgd{ `ejlhld{ kls sa`de|~ h{emgjau|ls u|a }`|jld{ je bgdo{agd kl}ly}gk|o{agd$ Je meassl kl je bl}{aja{ onl je reonl u|a ls{ jal |d }l{e}k kgr|je{agd yldked{ je

y}lha}l re`|l bgjjao|jea}l e { essgoal |dl meassl kl ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl

.Mleh l{ M|{jl} 5110 6 M|{jl}* =999!$ @d}ejlhld{* je meassl kl ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l ld

ads|jadl ls{ essgoal |dl MLD e| km|{ kl je y}agkl ygs{ye}{|h .HoOedd l{ ej$* 51>2!$ Ld

g|{}l* Haqgsna l{ ej$ .=995! gd{ has ld rakldol u|l je meassl kls ogdold{}e{agds yjeshe{au|ls

kads|jadl* ogdogha{ed{l |dl MLD ebblo{l jl krljgyylhld{ bgjjao|jea}l kly|as jl s{ekl kl

bgjjao|jl y}ahg}kaej c|su|e| s{ekl ed{}ej$ Aj ld }s|j{l |d bgdo{agddlhld{ edg}hej kl bgjjao|jl

{l}{aea}l l{ kl og}ys ce|dl$ Jads|jadl s{ah|jl jgoejlhld{ je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l* je

s{}gkg`dsl$ Ad ra{}g* jads|jadl s{ah|jl jl bgdo{agddlhld{ kls oljj|jls bgjjao|jea}ls onl

yj|sal|}s lsyols q oghy}as je reonl ._yaol} l{ej$* 511?!$

@gd` .=99=! gd{ hgd{} u|l ols lbbl{s mdbau|ls kl jads|jadl {eald{ adkyldked{s kl je~l

nqyg{nejehg(nqygynqsea}l$ Keajjl|}s* jls {}edsyg}{l|}s k| `j|ogsl y}sld{s e| darle| gre}ald

oghhl @J\[5 l{ @J\[? sgd{ adkyldked{s kls hgkabaoe{agds kls darle|~ kads|jadl$

E| darle| old{}ej* kls beamjls ogdold{}e{agds kads|jadl l{ kl `j|ogsl e| og|}s k| ygs{( ye}{|h

adnamld{ je so}{agd nqyg{nejehau|l kl @d]N l{ ye} ogdsu|ld{ je so}{agd y|jse{ajl kl JN ye}

jnqygynqsl$ E| darle| gre}ald* je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l ls{ ej{}l ka}lo{lhld{ ld oes kl beamjls

darle|~ kads|jadl* A@B5* jly{adl l{ kls ogdold{}e{agds jlrls kE@DL .Jl}gq l{ ej$* =99>!$


11/35

( ; (

?!Lbbl{s k|dl s|yyjhld{e{agd ld y}gyqjdl `jqogj s|} jl h{emgjashl l{ je}ly}gk|o{agd kls mgrads 3

Jl Y}gyqjdl `jqogj .Y@! onahau|lhld{ dghh ye} 5*=(y}gyedlkagj6 O?N>G= ls{ |d

y}o|}sl|} `j|ogdg`dau|ls je}`lhld{ |{ajas* kly|as jls eddls 51


12/35

( < (

Ld g|{}l* .On}as{ldsld l{ ej$* 5110! gd{ hgd{} u|l je h{ngkl kekhadas{}e{agd k| Y@ l{ se

bg}hl jau|akl g| sgjakl sgd{ ahyg}{ed{s yg|} gy{ahasl} je|`hld{e{agd kl je ogdold{}e{agd

kads|jadl keds jl yjeshe$

Haqgsna l{ej$ .=995! gd{ khgd{} u|l jekhadas{}e{agd g}ejl kl Y@ jau|akl ld{}eadl |d lbbl{

yj|s he}u| s|} je ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl u|l jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ ld yg|k}l

adog}yg} keds je }e{agd g| kas{}am| sg|s bg}hl kl ogdold{}$ Je }easgd yg|} jeu|ljjl jlbbl{ s|}

jads|jadl }ls{l yl| he}u| erlo jl Y@ ha~ erlo jejahld{e{agd ls{ ja e| {lhys kl

ogdsghhe{agd* mle|og|y yj|s jgd` u|l je bg}hl jau|akl* ekhadas{}l ka}lo{lhld{ keds jl }|hld$

.Daljsld l{ Ad`re}{sld =99;!$

Yj|sal|}s {|kls gd{ kgdo gmsl}r |dl e|`hld{e{agd kl {e|~ yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl jal e

je|`hld{e{agd }eyakl k| j|ogsl sed`|ad ey}s |d eyyg}{ kl Y@ onl jls reonls ._{|kl}

511? 6M|{jl} l{ej$* =992 6 On}as{ldsld l{ej$* 5110 6 Haqgsna l{ej$* =995! l{ jls `dassls .@}|hhl}

l{ej$* 511;* Najke`g l{ej$* =99;!$ _{|kl} l{ej.511?! gd{ s|``} u|l jl y}gyagde{l g| |d e|{}l

h{emgja{l }s|j{ed{ k| oe{emgjashl k| Y@ s{ah|jld{ je so}{agd kads|jadl ye} jl yedo}es .Plmm

l{ ej$* 5111!$ Jls hoedashls l~eo{s u|a l~yjau|ld{ ol{{l e|`hld{e{agd dl sgd{ yes ldog}l

khgd{}s$

Ld g|{}l* jekhadas{}e{agd cg|}deja}l k|d eyyg}{ kl Y@ onl kls reonls e| km|{ kl jeo{e{agd

ehjag}l je bl}{aja{ kl ols reonls ey}s jl ygs{ye}{|h .Haqgsna l{ej$* =995!$ Je s|yyjhld{e{agd

dl}`{au|l rae jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ e|`hld{l jls ogdold{}e{agds kads|jadl* u|a s{ah|jld{ jl

bgdo{agddlhld{ gre}ald* e| darle| kls oljj|jls kl `}ed|jgse l{ je y}gjab}e{agd kls oljj|jls

{noejls .Ejre}l l{ej$* =999!$ Ld }lredonl* je s{ah|je{agd ogd{ad|ljjl kl jads|jadhal adk|a{

|dl }k|o{agd kl }ygdsl s|} je y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgd ad rarg onl jls kgddl|sls .Daljsld l{

Ad`re}{sld =99;!$

Jls lbbl{s {g~au|ls kl jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ onl je reonl dgd{ yes { ko}a{s keds jeja{{}e{|}l$ \dl ldu|{l y}jahadea}l kedgasl s|} jls lbbl{s k|dl s|yyjhld{e{agd ld Y@ s|} je

yl}bg}hedol kl ?99 reonls jea{a}ls e hgd{} onl ol}{eadls reonls |d yndghdl

knqyl}rld{aje{agd l{ kl sghdgjldol ey}s jekhadas{}e{agd kl ;9` c kl Y@$ Ols sqhy{hls gd{

dedhgads kasye}| ey}s ? ; cg|}s .Nadknlkl 5102!$ Kl yj|s* aj e { gmsl}r u|l jl {}ea{lhld{

kl je o{gsl ye} |dl kgsl }lje{arlhld{ jlrl kl Y@ .>99 5>99 ` ye} cg|}! y}grgu|l kls

sqhy{hls kl sejare{agd l{ ke{e~al .Cgndsgd 51


13/35

( 2 (

AA(GMCLO[AB_ 3

Jgmclo{ab k| {}ereaj ls{ kehjag}l} je }ygdsl gre}alddl e| {}ea{lhld{ kl s|yl}gr|je{agd eadsa

u|l je u|ed{a{ l{ je u|eja{ kls grgoq{ls ogjjlo{s ye} GY\ l{ kls lhm}qgds y}gk|a{ ad ra{}g ye}

bogdke{agd ad ra{}g* ld hgk|jed{ jads|jadhal keds |d hgkjl l~y}ahld{ej kaso}ahaded{ onl

kls `dassls jea{a}ls 3 sg|s ejahld{e{agd }ls{}lad{l l{ }lolred{ |d eyyg}{ dl}`{au|l g}ej kl

y}gyqjdl `jqogj .Y@!$

AAA( HE[L]ALJ_ " HL[NGKL_3

5(Y}ye}e{agd kls Edahe|~ l{ ogdka{agds kl jg`lhld{3Jl {}ereaj e { }ejas keds je s{e{agd l~y}ahld{ejl kl HAKE[L_[ Kld`|ad keds jl _|k

G|ls{ kl je B}edol ld ogjjemg}e{agd erlo j\DOLAE l{ j|da{ MK] kl jAD]E s|} 52 `dassls kl}eol Y}ahNgjs{lad y}sld{ed{ jls oe}eo{}as{au|ls s|ared{ls jld{}l ld s{e{agd .[emjle|$5! 3

[emjle| 5$ Oe}eo{}as{au|ls kl `dassls jld{}l keds je s{e{agd l~y}ahld{ejl kl Kld`|ad$

Ye}eh{}l .d852! Hled _$L$H

E`l .hgas! 52 5*=

Ygaks .F`! ?09 ;5*=

Dg{l k{e{ og}yg}lj.onljjl kl 9

=*? 9*?

Jls `dassls gd{ { sg|hasls |dl ogds|j{e{agd kl sl}raol r{}adea}l jg}s kl jeone{ yg|}

r}abal} jl|} {e{ kl sed{ `d}ej$ Kls y}asls kl sed` lbblo{|ls s|} oneu|l `dassl gd{ {

ldrgqls lds|a{l rl}s jl jemg}e{ga}l kedejqsl magjg`au|l kls Yq}dls* jl jemg}e{ga}l

kye}{lhld{ejl l{Erlq}gd Jemg yg|} ogdba}hl} jl|} s{e{|{ ras((ras kl je {|ml}o|jgsl* m}|oljjgsl*

jl|ogsl* AM]* MRK* dgsyg}gsl* ye}e{|ml}o|jgsl* l{ bar}l oe{e}}nejl gradl .BOG! ye} kls {ls{s

LJA_E g| YO]$

Ey}s jl|} e}}arl* jls edahe|~ gd{ { }ye}{as ld = jg{s kl > `dassls* eyye}as sljgd jl|}s ygaks

l{ ey}s r}abaoe{agd ye} rgal }lo{ejl l{ sg|s ong`}eynal kl jl|} eo{ara{ gre}alddl$ \dl adclo{agd

kArl}hlo{adl .Arghlo 5 hj


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( 0 (

=(]e{agddlhld{* ygaks rab l{ dg{l k{e{ og}yg}lj 3Je `ls{agd ejahld{ea}l kls `dassls e { sye}l ld kl|~ y}agkls 3

( Je y}agkl kekey{e{agd kl ; slheadls u|a e km|{ ks jld{}l kls edahe|~ ld s{e{agd*

e| og|}s kl jeu|ljjl |d }`ahl ek(jama{|h mesl kl bgad rgjgd{ l{ kl ? f` kl ogdold{}

oghhl}oaej e { kas{}am| > nl|}ls oneu|l he{ad* erlo |d `ead hgqld u|g{akald .@HU!

kl 1


15/35

rgal g}ejl ye}{a} kl C5 kl oq

y}lha}l slssagd ka{l [hg

.d852! e oghyg}{ jekhadas{}

jg{ 1?91! y|} .Ba`|}l$ =!

Yg|} kls }easgds kg}èdase{a

{ sqdon}gdasls ld = jg{s .jg{

Ba`|}l$= 3 Y}g{gogjl l~y}ahld{e

;99 hj kle| .d852! l{ jl `}g|yl Y@

C0 kl oqojl s{}ej$

;(Y}jrlhld{s sed`|aJl sed` e { y}jlr je

yjeshe{au|l yg|} jls `}g|yl

ekhadas{}e{agd g}ejl kl Y@$ Ey

{ y}jlr keds kls {|mls Reo

Ols y}jrlhld{s gd{ { }

jekhadas{}e{agd kl jle| g|

jekhadas{}e{agd 3 9* 5 cg|}s* nl|}l ba

d .d852!* {edkas u|l je kl|~ahl slssa

{agd kl ;99 hj kl y}gyqjdl `jqogj .Hgdgy

gd y}e{au|l l{ kl beasemaja{* jls 52 `dassls

l > `dassls! ogdk|a{s |dl slheadl kad{l}

j kl sqdon}gdase{agd* s|yl}gr|je{agd l{ GY\ onl jl `

}ea{ ye} ;99 hj kl Y}gyqjdl @jqogj .d852! erlo jls

s l{ kgse`l kads|jadl 3

rladl c|`|jea}l* C0 k| oqojl s{}ej* eba

{hgad l{ Y@ l{ kl s|ar}l je oad{au

}s je ksadblo{agd jejoggj kl je }àgd k|

{eadl} sg|s rakl .1 hj!* ogd{lded{ k| Oa{

ejass onl jls 52 `dassls* ld oghhl

k| Y@* l{ e|~ {lhys s|oolssabs s|a

9 O c|su|

kng}hgdgjgàl kl j\DOLAE Heasgds

|dl {londau|l }ekag(ahh|dgjgàu|l .]A

l .52 nl|}ls! yg|} je

d kdghhl Y@

gyqjldl @jqogj \_Y 3

kl oneu|l `}g|yl gd{

rejjl$

}g|yl {hgad {}ea{ ye}

y}jrlhld{s sed`|ad

d kl kgsl} jads|jadl

l yjeshe{au|l ey}s

y}jrlhld{* jl sed` e

}e{l kl _gka|h ?$> ,$

ded{ 59 had ered{

red{s ye} }eyyg}{

ahhkae{lhld{ ey}s

jedejqsl magonahau|l

(Ejbg}{$ Jl kgse`l kl

!* u|a }lygsl s|} je


16/35

oghy{a{agd ld{}l jads|jadl

hls|}l}* ras((ras k|d dghm}l

6 HY Maghlkaoejs* Dlp Qg}f 591

| y}adl erlo jle|

.Rl{lkadl_gj|{agd kl

jlsyeol ad{l}rl}{m}ej


17/35

ld{}l jl seo}|h l{ jl y}lhal}

r{}adea}l* ; hj! e { }ejasl y

Je ras|ejase{agd kls grea

jong`}eynl .Yal Hkaoej YE

|{ajased{ |d `|akl j|m}aba yg}{e

Ba`|}l$ ; 3 \dl ahe`l ong`}eynau|

Jls bgjjao|jls gd{ { ygdo

s{}ajls jas je yghyl rak

{|qe|{l}al ld sajaogdl .[q`gd!

{|mls s{}ajls kl hh`n! }

.Ba`|}l$

ye} edahej! ogd{lded{ k| hajal| kl ogjjlo{

ye}adl sgkau|l .Nye}adl Ongeq kl _ed

s keds |d }one|bbl|} .OGGF R(B[N(=

e|~ grgoq{ls$

d{ |{ajas |d fa{ kesya}e{agd l{ |d s|yyg}{ k

kl jea`|ajjl kl ygdo{agd e { lbblo{| {}s

o{agdds$

g|}s kls kl|~ slssagds kGY\ C< yg|} je

s o}a{}ls hg}yngjg`au|ls ojessau|ls .oq{

d{( Jl`|alddl keds jE{jes kl jgrgo

.Eddl~l$ =!$

l kl _onl}ad`(Yjg|`n

}alds s|} jo}ed kl

`}eynal {}edsre`adejl*

!$.Ba`|}l$ ;!$

|l kl ygdo{agd bgjjao|jea}l

Y\$

d{ls s|} kls s|yyg}{s

jal |d sqs{hl kl

{ }lo|lajja keds kls

.L|}gBj|sn kl ahr(

ba erl}{as!$ Jls {|mls

999! oejam} ?>*! kl


18/35

( 55 (

2(Y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgds ad ra{}g 3Jl ogd{ld| bgjjao|jea}l }o|y} jg}s kl jGY\ C< e lds|a{l { {}edsyg}{ rl}s jl

jemg}e{ga}l yg|} je }lonl}onl kls grgoq{ls$ Jl hajal| e { baj{} `}ol |d {ehas y|as }ado ye} jl

hajal| kl ogjjlo{l L|}gBj|sn nye}ad* ebad kl }o|y}l} jls grgoq{ls ahhe{|}ls$ Jgy}e{agd e {

hasl ld yjeol keds |dl ng{{l bj|~ jehadea}l erlo kl he{}aljs s{}ajls$ Jl hgkl gy}e{ga}l kl je

y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgds ad ra{}g sljgd jls ads{}|o{agds {londau|ls kl j\DOLAE e { s|ara$

E(Je he{|}e{agd ad ra{}g .HAR!3

Jls grgoq{ls gd{ { lds|a{l asgjs keds kls mga{ls kl y{}a kl ?9hj l{ s|massld{ kl|~ jere`ls

s|oolssabs keds |d hajal| kl ogjjlo{l L|}gBj|sn dgd nye}ad* |d {}gasahl jere`l keds jl hajal|

kl he{|}e{agd oghygs kl Hlka|h 511 ._a`he! ekka{agdd kl s}|h kl rle| b{ej ._RB!*

ed{amag{au|l mesl kl `ld{ehaoadl * ng}hgdls nqygynqsea}ls JN ' B_N* Ng}hgdl s{}gkald

s{}ekagj 50* l{ beo{l|} kl o}gassedol L@B$ _l|js jls grgoq{ls rej|s kl mgddl u|eja{ .U5*

U= l{ U?! kl oneu|l `dassl gd{ { hasl keds |dl yjeu|l ; y|a{s s{}ajl ogd{lded{ *< O* sg|s < , kl OG= keds

jea}$

M(Je Bogdke{agd ad ra{}g.BAR! 3

Jls grgoq{ls he{|}ls kl oneu|l `dassl* sgd{ adshads erlo kls syl}he{ggkls .sy! k|d

{e|}le| e`}l je hgd{l y|mjau|l LDSG .0>00?(?2*< O* sg|s < , kl OG= keds jea}$


19/35

( 5= (

O(O|j{|}l kls lhm}qgds ad ra{}g .OAR! 3

Jls ygssamjls q`g{ls gd{ { sg|has |dl kogjgdase{agd yg|} jahadl} jl~os kl

syl}he{ggkls l{ kl oljj|jls k| o|h|j|s klhl|}ed{ ey}s BAR l{ ado|ms yldked{ 2 cg|}s keds

|dl yjeu|l y|a{s ogd{lded{ ;=9j kl hajal| kl o|j{|}l kl mesl _GB .sqd{nl{ao grak|o{ bj|ak*

hada{|ml! erlo kl M_E* yq}|re{l kl De* kls eoakls ehads l{ `ld{ehqoadl sg|s ;99j kn|ajl

had}ej ._a`he(H;>59! ?>*< O* keds |dl {|rl sg|s < , kl OG= keds jea} l{ 599,

kn|haka{$

Jls lhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ad ra{}g sgd{ rej|s ey}s 0 l{ > cg|}s kl je o|j{|}l ad ra{}g ye} jl|}

s{ekl kl krljgyylhld{ l{ jl|} u|eja{ sljgd je _goa{ Ad{l}de{agdejl kl [}edsbl}{ Lhm}qgddea}l

jAL[_ .Eddl~l$ ?!$

0(Edejqsls s{e{as{au|ls 3Jl hgklj s{e{as{au|l Y]GHA ._E_! e yl}has kl oghye}l} jls oe}eo{}as{au|ls kl o}gassedol

bgjjao|jea}l .dghm}l l{ {eajjl kls bgjjao|jls!* y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgds .dghm}ls l{ u|eja{ kls

grgoq{ls l{ kls lhm}qgds!* l{ jls darle|~ kads|jadl ld{}l jls `}g|yls {hgad l{ s|yyjhld{s e|

Y@$


20/35

( 5? (

AR(]L_\J[E[_ 3

5(Ygaks rab l{ dg{l k{e{ og}yg}lj .DLO! 3Je o}gassedol og}yg}ljjl e s|ara |dl e|`hld{e{agd jadea}l kly|as jl km|{ kl je y}agkl kl

}ls{}ao{agd ejahld{ea}l kl .?05$92 ==$0? f`! .;=;$0< ==$0< f`!$ .Ba`|}l$ 2!$ L{ oghhlogdrld| ld d{}ls gmclo{ab jl `ead hgqld u|g{akald oejo|j keds je y}agkl kl }ls{}ao{agd

ejahld{ea}l {ea{

Y@ yg|} e{{ladk}l jl darle| sa`dabaoe{ab ld{}l jl [hgad l{ jl Y@ .Y :9$95!$ .Ba`|}l$ 0!$

?;9

?9

?19

;99;59

;=9

;?9

=9(br} 91(he}s


21/35

( 5; (

Ba`|}l$ 0 3 Ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl .y`J! k{l}hadl ye} }ekag(ahh|dgjgàl* jls y}jrlhld{s

c|`|jea}ls sgd{ y}as 52399 n kl jey}s haka kl cg|}s 0 kl oqojl s{}ej . (59 had* 9* 5

Jl yao kl ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl { ld}làs{} ld{}l 5< l{ ;< had|{ls ey}s

jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ .;5;$0; rs =;;$1? y`J! l{ .;5;$0; rs =;;$1? y`J!* }lsylo{arlhld{* erlo

|dl jre{agd sa`dabaoe{arl .Y : 9$95! yg|} jl Y@$ .Ba`|}l$ 0!$

E ye}{a} kl ;< c|su| 5=9 had|{ls* jl darle| kl ogdold{}e{agd sqs{hau|l kads|jadl kl `}g|yl

Y@ oghhldol }k|a}l heas ld è}ked{ {g|cg|}s kls kabb}ldols sa`dabaoe{arls .Y : 9$95! e| mg|{

kl oneu|l y}jrlhld{ .29* 19 l{ 5=9 had! oghye} erlo olj|a k| [hgad$

?(Jls oe}eo{}as{au|ls bgjjao|jea}ls 3Jl dghm}l hgqld l{ joe}{ {qyl .JsHleds _$L$H! kls bgjjao|jls .=(? hh* ;(> hh* 4 > hh

l{ : > hh! ras|ejass ye} ong`}eynal cg|}s = kl oqojl .= cg|}s ered{ jl {}ea{lhld{ kl

s|yl}gr|je{agd! l{ e| hghld{ kl jGY\ cg|} < kl oqojl s{}ej yg|} jl `}g|yl [hgad oghye}

e oljjl kl Y@* sgd{ y}sld{s keds jl .[emjle|$ =!$

m

o o o

oo

o

e

ee e

e e

e

9


22/35

( 5< (

[emjle| =$Oe}eo{}as{au|ls bgjjao|jea}ls ras|ejass ye} ong`}eynal ld C= l{ C< kl oqojl* jl oghy{e`l kl dghm}l

bgjjao|jea}l sljgd je {eajjl kl bgjjao|jl .yl{a{ 3 =(? hh* hgqld 3 ;(> hh* l{ `}edk 3 4 > hh! yg|} `}g|yls [hgad l{ Y@

.JsHleds _$L$H$!$

@}g|yl [hgad.d852!

@}g|yl Y@

.d852!JsHleds _$L$H JsHleds _$L$H

Oe}eo{}as{au|ls Bgjjao|jea}ls 3Cg|}s = 3.= cg|}s ered{ B_N!

Bgjjao|jls .= ?! hh 0$?5e ( ~ =$29 1$21 ( ~

=$1>

Bgjjao|jls .; >! hh 5$>>~ 5$ ~ 9$>1 9$5? 9$?;

Bgjjao|jls : > hh 1$51~ =$

Cg|}s < 3.E| hghld{ kl jGY\!

Bgjjao|jls .= ?! hh 9$92q 9$=

E| cg|} = kl oqojl gls{}ej* jl dghm}l hgqld kl bgjjao|jl .=(? hh! {ea{ ehjag} erlo |dl

kabb}ldol s{e{as{au|lhld{ sa`dabaoe{arl .1$21 rs 0$?5!* .Y : 9$9

`}g|yl [hgad$ Ol dghm}l hgqld kl bgjjao|jl .=(? hh! kl oneu|l `}g|yl C= kl oqojl {ea{ {}s

jlr .Y : 9$9

yg} jl s|yl}gr|je{agd$ Kl yj|s* |dl kabbl}ldol sa`dabaoe{arl ld{}l jls kl|~ `}g|yls e { gmsl}rl

keds je ygy|je{agd bgjjao|jea}l kl ;(> hh .5?$2? rs 51$kl oqojl gls{}ej! yg|} jl `}g|yl Y@ ye} }eyyg}{ e| [hgad$ [edkas u|l jl dghm}l hgqld kls

bgjjao|jls .;(> hh! {ea{ yj|s jlr ld kl C< ye} }eyyg}{ C= kl oqojl s{}ej$

Jl dghm}l hgqld kl bgjjaoj|jl kl =(> hh .: > hh! e { ehjag} sa`dabaoe{arlhld{ C< kl

oqojl ye} jl {}ea{lhld{ kl Y@ .5?$21 rs 51$21!* .Y : 9$9

erea{ h|j{ayja jl dghm}l hgqld kl je ygy|je{agd bgjjao|jea}l ld{}l = l{ > hh .: > hh!* ye} 5$gd e gmsl}r e|ssa u|l jl dghm}l hgqld kl bgjjao|jl .4 > hh! ld{}l C= l{ C< onl jl `}g|yl

[hgad e { ehjag} sa`dabaoe{arlhld{ .5$>> rs hasl ld rakldol ld{}l jl `}g|yl [hgad l{ Y@ u|l sl sga{ C= g| C< kl oqojl$


23/35

( 52 (

;(Je ogjjlo{l kls grgoq{ls l{ je y}gk|o{agd kls lhm}qgds 3Jl dghm}l hgqld l{ joe}{ {qyl .JsHleds _$L$H! kls grgoq{ls ogjjlo{s ye} ygdo{agd

bgjjao|jea}l l{ je y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgd ad ra{}g C0 l{ C> kl o|j{|}l ad ra{}g yg|} jl `}g|yl Y@

oghye} e oljjl kl [hgad* sgd{ y}sld{s keds jl .[emjle|$ ?!$

[emjle| ?$ Dghm}l hgqld kls grgoq{ls ogjjlo{s l{ jls lhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ad ra{}g ye} GY\ C< yg|} `}g|yls

[hgad l{ Y@ .JsHleds _$L$H$!$ Jls yg|}old{e`ls sgd{ oejo|js s|} jls grgoq{ls }lo|lajjas .{g{e|~! l{ lhm}qgds

sl`hld{s }lsylo{arlhld{ yg|} jls grgoq{ls kl ogjjlo{l l{ kls kgddls kl y}gk|o{agd k'lhm}qgds C0 l{ C> kl o|j{|}l ld

_GB$

@}g|yl [hgad.d852!

@}g|yl Y@

.d852!JsHleds _$L$H JsHleds _$L$H

Grgoq{ls Ogjjlo{s 3Grgoq{l [g{ej .U5*=*? l{ ;! 5>$99 >$>> =9$51 5=$;5 >$1=$? ( >2$; (

Grgoq{l U|eja{ 5 .U5! ?$0; $>? 5$; (

, klhm}qgd {g{ej C0 sl`hld{s ;=$0e

(


24/35

( 50 (

Keds dg{}l {|kl* 129 bgjjao|jls gd{ { ygdo{agdds ye} GY\ C< .[hgad&Y@!* |d {g{ej kl

255 grgoq{ls e { ogjjlo{* sl|js u|eja{ hg}yngjg`au|l kls grgoq{ls gd{ { gmsl}r$

\d {g{ej kl cg|}s kl

o|j{|}l ad ra{}g keds jl hajal| _GB$ Jl {e|~ kl sl`hld{e{agd e { kl 12$= , yg|} jl }g|yl

[hgad l{ 15 , yg|} jl `}g|yl Y@ erlo |dl kabb}ldol dgd sa`dabaoe{arl .Y 4 9$9

Ol {e|~ kl sl`hld{e{agd u|a dls{ yes sa`dabaoe{ab yl|{ hgd{l} |dl s{emaja{ {londau|l jal je

heday|je{agd kls grgoq{ls yldked{ je he{|}e{agd ad ra{}g eadsa jl mgd onga~ kl je slhldol jg}s kl

je bogdke{agd ad ra{}g$

Dg|s ergds gmsl}r* ey}s 0 cg|}s kl o|j{|}l* |dl ehjag}e{agd sa`dabaoe{arl .Y : 9$9

kl krljgyylhld{ klhm}qgds ye} }eyyg}{ e| dghm}l klhm}qgd sl`hld{ l{ grgoq{ls

adshadls e { hasl ld rakldol onl jl `}g|yl Y@ ld oghye}easgd erlo jl `}g|yl [hgad

.


25/35

Ba`|}l$ >3 Dghm}l hgqldo|j{|}l ld _GB keds jls kl|~ `}

Jl dghm}l klhm}qgd {g{

kbba}ldol sa`dabaoe{arl ld{}l jl

Ke|{}l* Aj ls{ ad{}lssed{ k

krljgyys e| s{ekl kl M* LM*

s|y}al|}l kls lhm}qgds re eon

Ld }lje{agd erlo jl s{ekl klsl~yeds { h|j{ayja ye} 5$0

Ba`|}l$ 1 3 Dghm}l hgqld l{ jlsGY\(BAR C0 kl o|j{|}l ld _GB ked

9

=

;2

>

59

Dghm}lhgql

dk'lhm}qgd

9$99

5$99

=$99

?$99

;$99


26/35

( 51 (

R( KA_O\__AGD 3

5(Ygaks rab l{ dg{l k{e{ og}yg}lj .DLO! 3@}ol e|~ kg|mjls ylsls }`|ja}ls* aj e { ygssamjl kl r}abal} u|l jl @HU gmsl}r ls{

ogdog}ked{ erlo jgmclo{ab sg|nea{$ Aj ls{ ahyg}{ed{ kl sa`dejl} u|l jls `dassls dgd{ yes { sg|s

ejahld{ls kl begd k}es{au|l* heas sl|jlhld{ sg|hasls |dl }ls{}ao{agd kahad|ed{ jl|}

o}gassedol >0 hj kl Y@ keds |d }àhl ejahld{ea}l }ls{}lad{$ Keds dg{}l {|kl*

jeyyg}{ dl}`{au|l g}ej kl ;99 hj kl Y}gyqjdl @jqogj sg|s bg}hl jau|akl* e adk|a{ |dl

e|`hld{e{agd ahhkae{l kl je ogdold{}e{agd sqs{hau|l kads|jadl ey}s 5< had|{ls kl

jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@* onl kls `dassls sg|hasls |dl ejahld{e{agd }ls{}lad{l yldked{ = hgas$

Oloa ogdbg}{l jl hgkjl l~y}ahld{ej* u|a sl rg|jea{ kaso}ahaded{* ld sg|hl{{ed{ jls `dassls |d

}àhl nqyg(ads|jadhau|l$ Je }ygdsl jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ e `d} |d yao kads|jadl ld{}l

5< l{ ;< had|{ls ey}s sgd ekhadas{}e{agd$ Keds jl hhl oek}l* _{|kl} l{ej$ .511?! l{ @}|hhl}

l{ ej$ .511;! ereald{ }eyyg}{ u|l je|`hld{e{agd ygs{y}edkaejl kls ogdold{}e{agds yjeshe{au|ls

kads|jadl e{{la`dea{ |d yao kl ?9 had|{ls kl jeyyg}{ g}ej kl Y@ sg|s bg}hl jau|akl$

Keds |dl e|{}l {|kl hldl ye} On}as{ldsld l{ ej$.5110!* aj e { adkau| u|l jl yao kls

ogdold{}e{agds yjeshe{au|ls kads|jadl ls{ ld}làs{} keds jls 19 had s|ared{ jeyyg}{ g}ej kl ?90

hj cg|} kl Y@ jau|akl onl jls `dassls$ Ol yao kads|jadl adkau|l u|l je yj|ye}{ k| Y@ ekhadas{}

e { emsg}m }eyaklhld{ ye} jl }|hld l{ h{emgjas kl se bg}hl Y@ ld `j|ogsl keds jl bgal yg|}

je `jqogdg`ldsl$ Kabb}ld{ls {|kls gd{ oghye} jlbbaoeoa{ kls kabb}ld{ls h{ngkls


27/35

( =9 (

kekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ 3 jekhadas{}e{agd g}ejl kl Y@ sg|s bg}hl jau|akl g| adog}yg} keds jl

ogdold{} ls{ yj|s lbbaoeol yg|} e|`hld{l} je ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl ye} }eyyg}{ e|

Y@ ha~ erlo je }e{agd .On}as{ldsld l{ ej$*5112!$

Kl yj|s* jl }lsylo{ k| {lhys kl y}jrlhld{s sed`|ads ye} }eyyg}{ e| {lhys kl jekhadas{}e{agd

kl Y@ e |dl `}edkl ahyg}{edol yg|} hls|}l} je }ygdsl kads|jadl l{ `j|ogsl$ Ye} ogdsu|ldol*

|d jgd` ad{l}rejjl ld{}l je y}asl kl sed` l{ jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ yl|rld{ l~yjau|l} jlbbl{ hadl|}

kl Y@ s|} jads|jadl gmsl}r keds j{|kl kl @}|hhl} l{ej$.511;!$ Keds dg{}l l~y}ahld{e{agd*

je on}gdgjg`al kls y}jrlhld{s sed`|ads u|a e { hasl ld yjeol yg|} jl kgse`l kads|jadl ered{*

e| hghld{ l{ ey}s jekhadas{}e{agd kle| g| k| Y@ {ea{ lbbaoeol yg|} ld}l`as{}l} jl yao

yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl yg|} jl `}g|yl Y@$

Je hgadk}l ogdrl}sagd kl Y@ ld y}gyagde{l keds jl }|hld yl|{ e|ssa l~yjau|l} jeyye}a{agd k|

yao kl ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl ey}s |d eyyg}{ g}ej kl Y@* y|asu|l jl y}gyagde{l

s{ah|jl je so}{agd yedo}e{au|l kads|jadl$ Kl yj|s* jl Y@ j|a(hhl g| jls ad{l}hkaea}ls k|

h{emgjashl kl Y}gyqjdl @jqogj {ljs u|l jl jeo{e{l l{ yq}|re{l* yl|rld{ e|ssa s{ah|jl} je

so}{agd kads|jadl u|a e |d lbbl{ ka}lo{ s|} je bgdo{agd gre}alddl .M}gofhed* 51>2!$

?(Jls oe}eo{}as{au|ls bgjjao|jea}ls 3Kl dghm}l|~ lbbg}{s gd{ { has ld |r}l yg|} ehjag}l} je }ygdsl kl s|yl}gr|je{agd l{

e|`hld{l} jl dghm}l kl je ygy|je{agd bgjjao|jea}l sldsamjls je `gdekg{}gynadl keds jls grea}ls

e| km|{ kl je s{ah|je{agd onl jls mgrads .E}hs{}gd` 6 511?!$ Ye} ogdsu|ld{* {g|{ls jls

eyy}gonls u|a yl|rld{ e|`hld{l} je ygy|je{agd bgjjao|jea}l keds jgrea}l sgd{ s|soly{amjls kerga}

|dl ahyjaoe{agd ygsa{arl yg|} jehjag}e{agd kl je }ygdsl kl je s|yl}gr|je{agd$

Haqasna l{ ej$ .=995! gd{ hgd{} u|l je|`hld{e{agd kl ogdold{}e{agd yjeshe{au|l kads|jadl

onl jls reonls {}ea{ls g}ejlhld{ ye} jl Y@ jau|akl yl|{ erga} |d lbbl{ ka}lo{ s|} jl krljgyylhld{

bgjjao|jea}l ye}{a} kl s{ekl bgjjao|jl y}ahg}kaej e| s{ekl ed{}ej keds je y}agkl ygs{ye}{|h$ Keds

dg{}l {|kl* =*< cg|}s ered{ jGY\ .C= kl oqojl!* jekhadas{}e{agd g}ejl kl ;99 hj Y@ erea{

ehjag} jl dghm}l hgqld kl yl{a{s bgjjao|jls .=(? hh!* u|a yg|}}gd{ {}l s{ah|js jg}s kl je

s|yl}gr|je{agd$ Kl yj|s* ey}s je s|yl}gr|je{agd* gd e gmsl}r |dl e|`hld{e{agd kls

bgjjao|jls kl ;(> hh keds jl `}g|yl Y@ oghye} erlo jl [hgad$ Olje s|``}l u|l jl

Y}gyqjdl `jqogj e yl}has kl s{ah|jl} je o}gassedol bgjjao|jea}l mesejl kls yl{a{s bgjjao|jls kl

{eajjl .=(? hh! C= u|a sl krljgyyld{ ld bgjjao|jls .;(> hh! C< kl oqojl kl je hhl

begd* @|{al}}l l{ ej .5110! e khgd{} u|l je|`hld{e{agd k| darle| ejahld{ea}l kl og|}{

{l}hl* yg|rea{ s{ah|jl} je|`hld{e{agd kl jads|jadl onl jls `dassls 3 olje ls{ essgoal erlo


28/35

( =5 (

|dl e|`hld{e{agd kl dghm}l kls yl{a{s bgjjao|jls e| og|}s kls ? y}lhal}s cg|}s kl oqojl

s{}ej$ Kl yj|s* je|`hld{e{agd kads|jadl yl|{ s{ah|jl} je sldsamaja{ bgjjao|jea}l B_N

oghhl aj e khgd{} Hel}mg|}` l{ ej .=99?!$ Ol{{l o}gassedol e { lbblo{|l rae

je|`hld{e{agd kl jads|jadl yjeshe{au|l e| og|}s kl je y}lha}l re`|l bgjjao|jea}l e| km|{

kl oqojl s{}ej$

Ye} eajjl|}s* keds dg{}l {|kl* jl dghm}l hgqld kls bgjjao|jls ld{}l = l{ > hh .: > hh!

C< ey}s s|yl}gr|je{agd e { h|j{ayja ye} 5$ ; yg|} jl `}g|yl Y@ ye} }eyyg}{ e| [hgad$

Ols }s|j{e{s gd{ hgd{} u|l jeyyg}{ dl}`a{au|l kl Y@* adk|ased{ |dl nqyl}ads|jadhal*

ad{l}rald{ keds jl }ldbg}olhld{ kl je }ygdsl gre}alddl je s|yl}gr|je{agd ld s{ah|jed{ jl

}lo}|{lhld{ kls yl{a{s bgjjao|jls onl jls `dassls sg|hasls |d }`ahl ejahld{ea}l }ls{}lad{l$ \dl

{|kl hldl ye} B}l}l{ l{ej$ .=992! u|a erea{ hgd{} u|l jl dghm}l hgqld kls bgjjao|jls ld{}l =

l{ > hh.: > hh! e { ehjag} sa`dabaoe{arlhld{ onl kls `dassls s|}ejahld{ls .5?99 `c!

l~y}ahed{ |d darle| sa`dabaoe{ab kads|jadl sqs{hau|l ye} }eyyg}{ e oljjls u|a sg|hasls ld

}ls{}ao{agd ejahld{ea}l.0!* u|a gd{ ogdoj| u|l

jl {}ea{lhld{ g}ej kl ! de }eyyg}{ e|o|d lbbl{ k|d eyyg}{ dl}`{au|l s|} je u|eja{ grgoq{ea}l$

Ld g|{}l* jlbbl{ kl Y@ s|} je u|eja{ grgoq{ea}l }ls{l y}g|rl} ye} kls he}u|l|}s hgjo|jea}ls

essgoas je oghy{ldol e| krljgyylhld{$

Ekehaef l{ ej$ .=99

oq{gyjeshau|l l{ je he{|}e{agd kls oljj|jls kl o|h|j|s$ Ye} ogdsu|ld{* kls ej{}e{agds keds jl


29/35

( == (

h{emgjashl k| `j|ogsl sgd{ s|soly{amjls k'{}l |dl oe|sl kl je kahad|{agd kl je oghy{ldol

grgoq{ea}l l{ |dl }k|o{agd kl je bogdka{$

Je s|yyjhld{e{agd dl}`{au|l rae jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ e|`hld{l jl darle| kl je

ogdold{}e{agd kl jads|jadl u|a ls{ essgoal erlo jl bgdo{agddlhld{ gre}ald l{ jl krljgyylhld{

ada{aej kl jlhm}qgd ye} je s{ah|je{agd kls oljj|jls kl `}ed|jgse l{ je y}gjab}e{agd kls oljj|jls

{noejls .Ejre}l l{ej$ =999!$

Ey}s je bogdke{agd ad ra{}g* gd e has ld rakldol u|l jl Y@ e ehjag}l sa`dabaoe{arlhld{

jl {e|~ kl krljgyylhld{ kls mjes{goqs{ls .M* LM l{ NM! ey}s 0 cg|}s kl o|j{|}l ad ra{}g$ Kl yj|s*

jl {}ea{lhld{ kl Y@ e eadsa ehjag} jl dghm}l hgqld kls mjes{goqs{ls .M* LM l{ NM! kl u|eja{ 5

.U5! C0 eadsa u|l jl {e|~ kl krljgyylhld{ kls mejs{goqs{ls kl U5 C>$ Ols }s|j{e{s hgd{}ld{

u|l jls grgoq{ls ogjjlo{s gd{ |dl hlajjl|}l oeyeoa{ sl krljgyyl} ad ra{}g erlo jl Y@ mald

u|e|o|dl kabb}ldol hg}yngjg`au|l dea{ { hasl ld rakldol$

Jehjag}e{agd kl je y}gk|o{agd kl mjes{goqs{l e { kc khgd{}l ye} j{|kl kEkehaef

l{ ej$ .=992! 3 keds ol{{l {|kl* |d eyyg}{ yj|s jlr ld ejahld{e{agd essgoa |dl ads|jadhal e

adk|a{ |d lbbl{ ygsa{ab s|} je y}gk|o{agd kls mjes{goqs{ls ad ra{}g onl jls `dassls y}sld{ed{ |d

beamjl {e{ og}yg}lj$ Kl yj|s* |dl {|kl hldl ye} _g|e l{ ej$ .=99>! s|} kls onr}ls

s|yl}gr|jls }lolred{ |dl ekhadas{}e{agd ogd{ad|ljjl kl Y@ g| kads|jadl adclo{ ld sg|s o|{edl

{}gas cg|}s yldked{ =; nl|}ls kad{l}rejjl* adk|a{ |dl e|`hld{e{agd kl je y}gk|o{agd kls

mjes{goqs{ls ad rarg ogdsak}s oghhl l~oljjld{s .U5!$

Ye} ogd{}l* Je }lje{agd adrl}sl ld{}l je s|}ejahld{e{agd l{ je y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgd onl kls

`dassls s|yl}gr|jls erlo yj|s kl ?$=< kl ogdka{agd og}yg}ljjls* e { e|ssa gmsl}r yldked{ je

y}gk|o{agd klhm}qgd ad rarg .Fekgfepe l{ej$ =99>!$ Mgjedk l{ ej* .=995! gd{ hgd{}s u|aj q

e |dl ehjag}e{agd kl je }ygdsl k| {}ea{lhld{ kl s|yl}gr|je{agd rae je heday|je{agd kl

jads|jadhal ered{ jadshade{agd l{ ehjag}l sa`dabaoe{arlhld{ jl dghm}l l{ je u|eja{klhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ad rarg$

Aj ad{}lssed{ sa`dejl}* je yj|s ye}{ kls lhm}qgds Mjes{goqs{l* mjes{goqs{l yedg|a l{

mjes{goqs{l ojgs kl {g|{ls jls u|eja{s .M* LM l{ NM! kl `}g|yl Y@ gd{ { krljgyys C0$ Ld

}lredonl |d yg|}old{e`l yj|s jlr kls lhm}qgds kl `}g|yl [hgad eonrld{ jl|}

krljgyylhld{ C>$ Olje s|``}ed{ u|l jeyyg}{ nqyl}(ads|jadhau|l rae jl Y@ e {ldkedol

kerga} |d lbbl{ y}ogol s|} jl krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l$ Ol{ lbbl{ y}ogol kl krljgyylhld{

lhm}qgddea}l rae jekhadas{}e{agd kl Y@ onl jls `dassls s|yl}gr|jls yldked{ |dl y}agkl

kejahld{e{agd }ls{}lad{l e { mald eyye}| e|ssa onl jls lhm}qgds klhm}qgds .M* LM l{ NM! kl


30/35

( =? (

u|eja{ 5 .U5!$ Ye}lajjlhld{* Kls {|kls gd{ kc hgd{}ls u|l je|`hld{e{agd e}{abaoaljjl kl

jads|jadl ye} |d }`ahl ejahld{ea}l heday|j ls{ essgoal |d eredolhld{ kl jada{ae{agd kl oqojl

s{}ejl keds je y}agkl ygs{ye}{|h .@gd` l{ej$ =99=! l{ s{ah|j jl krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l

y}ogol onl jls `dassls kl raedkl .Hedd l{ej$ =99?!$

Keds ol{{l y}sld{l {|kl* gd y| hgd{}l} jlbbl{ ygsa{arl k|d eyyg}{ dl}`{au|l nqyl}(

ads|jadhau|l mesl kl Y}gyqjdl @jqogj s|} jl dghm}l hgqld kl mjes{goqs{ls l~yedss kl

u|eja{ 5 .U5! y}gk|a{ C0 onl kls `dassls s|yl}gr|jls l{ sg|hasls ld ejahld{e{agd }ls{}lad{l$

RA(OGDOJ\_AGD 3

Jls }s|j{e{s kl ol {}ereaj hgd{}ld{ u||d eyyg}{ g}ej kl ;99 hj kl Y@ ye} 0 cg|}s onl kls

`dassls Ngjs{lad s|yl}gr|jls sg|hasls |dl ejahld{e{agd }ls{}lad{l .@HU 8

hh ey}s |d {}ea{lhld{ kl s|yl}gr|je{agd* jl dghm}l l{ jl {e|~ kl krljgyylhld{ klsmjes{goqs{ls .M* LM l{ NM! kl u|eja{ 5 ey}s 0 cg|}s kl o|j{|}l ad ra{}g l{ jl dghm}l hgqld

klhm}qgds kl u|eja{ 5 ye} `dassl* u|a e { h|j{ayjal ye} 5*< ye} }eyyg}{ e| `}g|yl [hgad$ Aj

ls{ ad{}lssed{ kl sa`dejl} u|l jl dghm}l klhm}qgds yedg|as e { ehjag} sa`dabaoe{arlhld{ .Y

: 9$9

lhm}qgds yl|rld{ {}l |{ajass yg|} je ogd`je{agd kls{adl e| y}g`}ehhl kl {}edsyjed{e{agd

lhm}qgddea}l$ Jls }s|j{e{s gm{ld|s ereald{ }loghhedk kekhadas{}l} ;99 hj Y@ jau|akl kl|~

cg|}s ered{ jl {}ea{lhld{ kl s|yl}gr|je{agd yg|} erga} |dl hlajjl|}l u|ed{a{ l{ u|eja{ kls

lhm}qgds y}gk|a{s ad ra{}g ye} je {londau|l GY\(BAR onl jl `dassl jea{a}l$


31/35

( =; (

RAA(]LBL]LDOL_ 3

Ekehaef _$C$* F$ Heofal* ]$@ Pe{{* ]$plmm* edk F$K_adojea} 3 Ahyeo{ gb d|{}a{agd gd ggoq{l u|eja{q3O|h|je{arl lbblo{s gb mgkq oghygsa{agd edk kal{ jlekad`

{g nqyl}ads|jadlhae ad oe{{jl $=99< Mag ]ly}gk 0?6 15>(

1=2Ejre}l Y* _yaol} JC* Onesl OO C}* Yeq{gd HL* Nehaj{gd

[K* _{lpe}{ ]L$ =999 6 Gre}aed edk ldkgo}adlOne}eo{l}as{aos k|}ad` ed ls{}g|s oqojl ad Ed`|s*

M}enhed* edk sldlygj ogps ad s|m{}gyaoej ldra}gdhld{$ C

Edah _oa 0>* 5=15(5?9=

E}hs{}gd` K@* HoLrgq [@* Me~{l} @* ]gmadsgd CC* Ng``@G* Pgek FC* Pllm ]* _adojea} FK* =995 3 Lbblo{ gb

kal{e}q{nl gre}aed ldl}`q edk y}g{lad gd mgradl bgjjao|je}

kqdehaos edk lhm}qg y}gk|o{agd ad ra{}g 6 essgoae{agds

pa{n {nl gre}aed ads|jad(jafl `}gp{n beo{g} sqs{lh$ Magj

]ly}gk 2;* 52=;(52?=

E}hs{}gd` K@$ ]lold{ ekredols ad s|yl}gr|je{agd gb oe{{jl$

[nl}ag`ldgjg`q 511?6?132(=;

Mle} _P* M|j{l} P]$ Ldl}`q mejedol edk gre}aed bgjjaojlklrljgyhld{ y}ag} {g {nl ba}s{ gr|je{agd ygs{ye}{|h adkea}q ogps }lolarad` {n}ll jlrljs gb kal{e}q be{$ Mag

]ly}gk 51106

M|j{l} P]$ D|{}a{agdej ad{l}eo{agds pa{n }ly}gk|o{arlyl}bg}hedol ad kea}q oe{{jl $ Edah ]ly}gk _oa =999 6 293

;;1(;0$

M|{jl} _[* Ylj{gd _N* M|j{jl} P]$ Ldl}`q mejedol* hl{emgjaos{e{|s* edk {nl ba}s{ ygs{ye}{|h gre}aed bgjjao|jl perl ad

ogps ekhadas{l}lk y}gyqjldl `jqogj $ C Kea}q _oa =992 3

>13 =1?>(93

Ol}fepsfa* C$P$* M}lofld}ak`l* @ 510?$ Kassahaje{agd gb

y}gyedl(5*= y}gyedlkagj mq }|hld hao}gg}`edashs$

Kg|e} O$. A ! $ Y$ JEA@]L .=!* B$ A! LDAEa .=!$ _$

ONE_[ED[ . A ! $ C${C$]LDE]K .?!$ Q$AALj'HED.?

Bg}ha`gda K* Og}daj HO* Y}edka E* Hg}kld{a E* ]gssa E*yg}{l{ljjl K l{ ej$ Lbblo{ gb y}gyqjldl `jqogj

s|yyjlhld{e{agd e}g|dk ye}{a}a{agd gd hajf qaljk*}ly}gk|o{arl yl}bg}hedol edk sghl ng}hgdej edk

hl{emgjao one}eo{l}as{aos ad kea}q ogp$ C Kea}q ]ls 51126

2?3 55(=;

B}l}l{ _ 6@]AHE]K M 6YGD[L] EE 6CGJQ O6YGD_E][ O6 " N\HMJG[ Y$ =992$ ]lk|o{agd gbmgkq(pa`n{ `ead ldnedols ad ra{}g lhm}qg y}gk|o{agd ad

grl}blk s|yl}gr|je{lk ke}q nlabl}s$ ]ly}gk|o{agd 5?5 .;! *

0>?(01;

@e}sdpgd}{nq YO* Bg|jeka Desn{e EE* Hedd @L* _adojea}FK edk Plmm ]$ =991$ Lbblo{ gb kal{e}q(adk|olkoned`ls ad yjeshe ads|jad ogdold{}e{agds k|}ad` {nl le}jq

ygs{ ye}{|h yl}agk gd y}l`dedoq }e{l ad kea}q ogps$

]ly}gk|o{agd 5?0 0@gd` C@* adbj|ldol gb hl{emgjao ng}hgdls edk d|{}a{agd gd

gre}aed bgjjaojl klrljgyhld{ ad oe{{jl3 y}eo{aoej

ahyjaoe{agd$ Kghls{ao edahej ldkgo}adgjg`q =? .=99=!

==1(=;5

@gd` C@* Jll PC* @e}dspg}{nq YO* Plmm ]$ [nl lbblo{ gb

kal{e}q adk|olk ado}lesls ad oa}o|je{ad` ads|jad

ogdold{}e{agds k|}ad` {nl le}jq ygs{ye}{|h yl}agk gd

}ly}gk|o{arl b|do{agd ad kea}q ogps* ]ly}gk|o{agd =99=6

5=?3;51(=0$@}|hhl} ]@* Padfjl} CO* Ml}{aos _C* _{|kl} RE$ Lbblo{ gb

y}gyqjldl @jqogj kgse`l k|}ad` bllk }ls{}ao{agd gd

hl{emgja{ls ad mjggk gb yl}ye}{|h Ngjs{lad nlabl}s$ C

Kea}q _oa 511; 6 003 ?25>(=?$

@|{al}}l O @* C Gjkneh* [$E M}ehjlq* C @ @gd`* M fOehymljj edk ] Pllm$ [nl }lo}|a{lhld{ gb gre}aedbgjjaojls as ldnedolk mq ado}leslk kal{e}q ad{efl ad nlabl}s$

C Edah _oa 5110* 0< 3 5>02(5>>;$

Najke`g OG* @ghl L* Y}al{g J* K|u|l Y* @gqeonl B*Bl}dedkl J* l{ ej$ Y}l`deoq }e{ls edk hl{emgjao y}gbajlsad oe{{jl {}le{lk pa{n y}gyqjldl `jqogj y}ag} {g lhm}qg

{}edsbl}$ [nl}agbldgjg`q =99;6 2=3 22;(02$

Nadknlkl* C*$ 5102$ Y}gyqjld`jqfgj {aj hejflfgl} ghfa}ad`

feljrad`$ Hlkkljljsl d} $5;2* s{ed{lds n|skq}m}|`sbg}sg`*; yy$N|hmjg{* Y$6 @}ahe}k* M$6 B}l}l{* _$6 One}ya`dq6 Ygd{l}*

E$E$6 _ll`l}s* N$6 Ygdse}{* O$ Ahyeo{ gb Ldl}`q Mejedol gd

Hl{emgjao Oned`ls edk ]ly}gk|o{arl [ass|ls6

Ogdslu|ldols bg} Gre}aed Eo{ara{q edk Bl}{aja{q ad Kea}q

edk Mllb Oe{{jl =99> ]lold{ Ekredols ad EdahejD|{}a{agd* Rgj|hl =99>* D|hml} 5* Ced|e}q =991 * yy$ 5(

5;.5;!

A__D 5;0952=2 .yeyl}! 50;50>11 .gdjadl!

Cgndsgd* ]$M* 51


32/35

=* =1(;?$

Dl`}eg _* Dame}{ H* N|hmjg{ Y$ (5110( Dl`e{arl lbblo{s gb

grl}bllkad` gd s|yl}gr|je{g}q }lsygdsl edk lhm}qg

y}gk|o{agd ad kea}q nlabl}s Ad 3 Y}gollkad`s 5? EL[L

hll{ad`* Jqgd 5=(5? sly{lhm}l 51103 5>2$

Daljsld DA* AD@RE][_LD FJ* =99; 3 y}gyqjldl `jqogj bg}kea}q ogps e }lralp gb {nl hl{emgjash gb y}gyqjldl `jqogj

edk a{s lbblo{s gd ynqsagjg`aoej ye}ehl{l}s * bllk ad{efl*

hajf y}gk|o{agd edk }asf gb fl{gsas Edah Bllk _oa [lon

556 ;13;9=$Yeyekgy|jgs _* JGDL]@ED Y* @E[N R 6 U\ADD FH*

LRED_ EO* GOEJJE@NED K " MGJED HY =995Lbblo{l gb kal{ u|ed{a{q edk |}le s|yyjlhld{e{agd gd

ggoq{l edk lhm}qgd u|eja{q ad snlly$ [nl}ag`ldgjg`q

{nl}ag`ldgjg`q 21* 2>>(211

_nad`baljk* F$C$ 6 Ceeffgje* _$ * N|n{edld y =99=e $ lbblo{ gb

bg}e`l ogdsl}re{agd hl{ngk* ogdold{}e{l jlrlj edky}gyqjldl `jqogj gd kal{ ka`ls{amaja{q* }|hld bl}hld{e{agd*

mjggk hl{emgja{l ogdold{}e{agd edk d|{}ald{ |{ajae{agd gb

kea}q ogps$ Edah $ Bllk _oa [londgj 106 5(=5

_g|e* @ @ejle{a* EY Ejhlake* AC E}}|ke* D @grgda * RCBB}la{es edk K ]gdkade 3 Lhm}qg Y}gk|o{agd ads|yl}gr|je{lk @ge{s [}le{lk pa{n ads|jad Mlbg}l g} eb{l}

He{ad` g} Mq ogd{adg|s Y}gyqjldl @jqogj

s|yyjlhld{e{agd $ =99>

_yaol} JC* Ejyae} L* Lo{l}dfehy _L* Lbblo{s gb ads|jad*Ads|jad jafl `}gp{n beo{g} 5 edk `gdekg{}gyadls gd mgradl

`}ed|jgse oljj y}gjabl}e{agd* y}g`ls{l}gdl y}gk|o{agd*

ls{}ekagj y}gk|o{agd edk .g}! ads|jad jafl `}gp{n beo{g} 5

y}gk|o{agd ad ra{}g$ CEdah _oa 511?6 05 3 5=?(&;5$

_{|kl} RE* @}|hhl} ]@* Ml}{aos _C* ]lqdgjks OF$ Lbblo{

y}lye}{|h y}gyqjldl `jqogj ekhadas{}e{agd gdyl}aye}{|}ald{ be{{q jarl} ad kea}q ogps$ C Kea}q _oa 511?6

02 3 =1?5(1$

_|{{gd(Heo Kgpejj Hljedal J* ]gml}{ M @ajon}as{ edkCl}lhq @ [nghysgd =959 [nl yarg{ej }gjl gb `j|ogsl

hl{emgjash ad kl{l}hadad` ggoq{l klrljgyhld{ejoghyl{ldol$ ]ly}g edk bl}{aja{q A__D 5;0952=2 .yeyl}!

50;50>11 .gdjadl!

Plmm ]* Oehymljj MF* @e}rl}aof NE* @gd` C@* @|{al}}lO@* E}hs{}gd` K@$ Hgjao|j|je} hlonedash }l`|je{ad`bgjjao|je} }lo}|a{hld{ edk sljlo{agd$ C ]ly}gk Bl}{aj s|yyj

5111 6 $

Plmm*]$ 6 @e}dspg{nq*Y$O$ 6 @gd` C$@ edk E}hs{}gd`*K$@ =99; 3 Ogd{}gj gb bgjjao|je} `}gp{n 3 jgoej ad{l}eo{agd

edk d|{a{agdej adbj|ldols $ C Edah _oa* >=* L2?(L0;$


33/35

(=2(

U|eja{ 5 3 .OGO(5! og}}lsygdk |d grgoq{l ad{eo{ l{ ahhe{|}l

erlo {}gas g| yj|sal|}s og|onls kl oljj|jls kl o|h|j|s l{ |d oq{gyjeshl

kldsls l{ nghg`dls

U|eja{ = 3 .OGO(=! 3 jls og|onls kl o|h|j|s .he~ah|h ?! sgd{ hgadsoghyeo{ls g| ye}{aljjlhld{ kd|k erlo |d oq{gyjeshl nghg`dl$

U|eja{ ? 3 .OGO(?! 3 |dl ye}{al kl jgrgoq{l ahhe{|}l yl}k| ols

oljj|jls kl o|h|j|s g je gdl yljj|oakl ye}{aljjlhld{ kd|k* heas

erlo |d oq{gyjeshl nghg`dl g| erlo u|lju|ls a}}`|je}a{s hadl|}ls

keds jl oq{gyjeshl

U|eja{ ;e 3 .OGO(;e! 3 Jl o|h|j|s yl|{ {}l ld `}edkl ye}{al g|

{g{ejlhld{ yl}k| erlo |d oq{gyjeshl u|a yl|{ y}sld{l} kls gdls kl

ya`hld{e{agd bg}{lhld{ kabb}ld{l$

U|eja{ ;m 3 .OGO(;m! 3 Jl o|h|j|s ls{ l~yeds l{ y}sld{l kls

og|onls oljj|jea}ls }l`}g|yls ld `}gs ehes slhm}ls* erlo |d

oq{gyjeshl n{}g`dl$

Oghyjl~l

grgoq{l o|h|j|s

kl u|eja{ 5

Oghyjl~l

grgoq{l o|h|j|s

kl u|eja{ =

Oghyjl~l

grgoq{l o|h|j|s

kl u|eja{ ?

Oghyjl~l

grgoq{l o|h|j|s

kl u|eja{ ; .e!

Oghyjl~l

grgoq{l o|h|j|s

kl u|eja{ ; .m!

RAAA( EDDL^L_3Eddl~l .5!3 Je oghygsa{agd k| ogdold{} |{ajas keds dg{}l l~y}ahld{e{agd 3

Eddl~l .=! 3 Ojessabaoe{agd kl u|eja{ grgoq{ea}l sljgd jE{jes kl jgrgoq{l Mgrad(\DOLAE(.511>!3


34/35

(=0(

Eddl~l .?! 3

_{ekl kl krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l 3

s{ekl kl krljgyylhld{ lhm}qgddea}l onl jls mgrads sljgd jAL[_ 511>


35/35

U|eja{ hg}yngjgàu|l kls lhm}qgds 3

U|eja{ O}a{}ls AL[_

5119

O}a{}l EH

9>'91'>2 [L

.B}edol!

O}a{}l kl u|eja{ kl jlhm}qgd

5LÔLJJLD

g| Mgd

LÔLJJLD[

L~oljjld{ 3Lhm}qgd akej yg|} sgd cg|} kl ogjjlo{l*

sqh{}au|l* erlo kls oljj|jls kl og|jl|} l{ kl {l~{|}l

oghye}emjl* esylo{ oghyeo{

Mgd 3 Lhm}qgd |d yl| ld }l{e}k kl krljgyylhld{

ye} }eyyg}{ sgd cg|} kl ogjjlo{l g| lhm}qgd slhmjl

jlhm}qgd l~oljjld{ heas esqh{}au|l* g| l~oj|sagd

u|lju|ls mjes{gh}ls keds jlsyeol y}ara{ljjad$

=HGQLD HGQLD

Lhm}qgd ld }l{e}k kl krljgyylhld{ kl 5 = cg|}s

.mjes{gh}ls syn}au|ls e| s{ekl hg}|je! g| kls

kbe|{s mald y}oas oghhl 3

( Dghm}l|sls oljj|jls oneyyls keds jlsyeol

y}ara{ajjad* kls rsao|jls* kls oljj|jls k`d}ls*

mjes{gh}ls kl {eajjl re}aemjl

( Esylo{ yj|s ojea}l g| yj|s sghm}l u|l dg}hej$

?HLKAGO]L HLKAGO]L

( Dghm}l|~ kbe|{s* oghhl dghm}l|sls oljj|jls

oneyyls* oljj|jls k`d}ls* oljj|jls kl {eajjl

kabb}ld{l* rsao|jls `}gssls l{ dghm}l|sls$

( Heas* y}sldol k|dl hessl oljj|jea}l nghg`dl

u|a eyye}e{ raemjl$

; HG][ g|

KL@LDL]L

HG][ g|

KL@LDL]L

E}}{ kl krljgyylhld{ |d s{ekl y}ogol* oljj|jls

k`d}ls

[emjle| kl Ojessabaoe{agd kls lhm}qgds ogjjlo{s ad rarg

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Rapport de Stage Master 2 UNCEIA-MIDATEST - 2012