Saiva Last Rites - tamilnation.org · Aum Muruga Society Distribution irt ,Wjpr; rlq;F eilKiwAk; tpsf;fKk;: eh. kNfrd; 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTHOR, NAGALINGAM MAHESAN Saiva Last

Aum Muruga Society Distribution

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(Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy; thOk; jkpoUf;F Vw;wit)

SAIVA FUNERAL RITES WITH EXPLANATION (Suitable for expatriate Saiva Tamils)

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N. Mahesan 56, Alamein Avenue, Carlingford,

NSW 2118, Australia [email protected]

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Web Edition September 2006

Aum Muruga Society, Sydney, Australia Xk; KUfh fofk;> rpl;dp> mT];jpNuypah



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Introducing the Author by Dr. R. Sri Ravindrarajah 3

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A Brief Discription of a Saiva Funeral Service 69

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INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTHOR, NAGALINGAM MAHESAN

Saiva Last Rites with Explanation is authored by a multi-talented Mr. N. Mahesan. The author was born as the last (fifth) child to the Nagalingam and Chinnamah of Pandaitharippu, Jaffna, Sri Lanka in 1933. He received his education from the St. Henry’s College, Illavalai and worked as an accountant with the Ceylon Government Service.

In 1959, he married to Selvaratnam of Uduvil. In 1981, Mahesan went to Western Samoa with his wife, son and daughter and worked as an accountant in the Department of Post and Telecommunication and then as the Chief accountant in the Treasury. In 1987, he migrated to Australia and worked for 10 years in the Police Service of NSW until retirement.

Mahesan had developed his deep interest in the Tamil language through his involvement in drama. In 1960s, he played main roles in stage and radio dramas. In Sydney, he staged a number of dramas with the Tamil youths through the Tamil Schools and Saiva Schools in Sydney.

From 1965 to 1981, Mahesan conducted weekly 45 minutes children program for 8 to 15 years age group for a ten year period and his popularity earned him the unofficial title, Vaanoli Mama (or Radio Uncle). In Sydney, he continued his radio productions with the radio stations, Tamil Mulkkam and Australian Tamil Broadcasting Corporation.

Mahesan served as the Director for Cultural activities with the Vivekananda Sabai in Sri Lanka for a number of years. In 1988, he joined the Saiva Manram Inc. in Sydney and served in the management committee for a number of years and served as its President in 1993/94. He teaches at the Sunday Saiva School. Since 1973, Mahesan authored several books containing dramas, short-stories and novels. His interest to educate religious and moral values led to the publication of several articles and books in Tamil and English. Mahesan is now voluntarily conducting the Saiva last rites service for the departed Tamil Saivites. In recognizing the community service by Mahesan, he was awarded “THE ACHIEVER” by the NSW Government in 2006.

In 1998, Mahesan had written this book entitled, Saiva Last Rites with Explanation, in Tamil in order to guide any Saivites who wish to conduct similar last rites services in the absence of Saiva Kurukkals. This web edition includes a brief description of the Saiva funeral service in English for the benefit of non-Tamil speaking Tamil Saivites.

Dr. R .Sri Ravindrarajah



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eh. kNfrd ;

56, Alamein Avenue, Carlingford,

NSW 2118, Australia

December 1998.



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nra;jtu;fs; Mthu;fs;.

f. fjpu;fhkehjd; No. 50, Dean Street, South Strathfield,

N.S.W. 2136, Australia.



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Gupal;Lk;.

fyhepjp nghd;. G+Nyhfrpq;fk;

11/3, Burlington Road, Homebush,

NSW 2140, Australia



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,j; jpUj;njhz;L.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

mUr;Rdkzp khzpf;fk;

Lidcome, NSW, Australia



11

fzpdpg; gjpg;Giu

irt rkaj;jhH jkJ nrhe;j ehLfspy; tsKld; tho;e;J te;j NghJ

filg;gpbj;J te;j rkar; rlq;Ffis Gyk; ngaHe;j ehLfspy; thOk;

NghJk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; kpfTk; MHtk; fhl;Lfpd;whHfs;.

ekJ guhk;ghpa irt rkar;rlq;Fspy; nghjpe;jpUf;Fk; Mo;e;j cz;ikj;

jj;Jtq;fspd; fhuzkhfNt ,r;rlq;Ffs; ,d;Wk; mopahJ ekJ

tho;f;if Kiwfspy; xd;wpg; NghAs;sd. caphpdq;fSf;F gpwg;G

,Ug;gpd; ,wg;G epr;rak;. mhpa khdplg;gpwg;igg; ngw;w ehk; ekJ

tho;it tskhf mikj;J kuzpf;Fk; NghJ ekJ rtkhd cliy

rptkhf;fp G+uz topghL nra;jNy irt rka <kf;fphpiafspd;

cs;Nehf;fspy; xd;whFk;. cliy tpl;lfd;w Md;khf;fs;> ,g;G+Tyfpy;

cs;s ge;j ghrq;fspypUe;J tpLgl;L> kz;> ngz; (Mz;)> nghd; Mfpa

%d;W Mirfisf; fise;J> kWgpwg;ig va;ahJ rptdbapidr; NrUjy;

(my;yJ Kj;jpiag; ngWjy;) Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidNa cz;ikr;

irtHfs; tpUk;GfpwhHfs;. ,Wjpr; rlq;F .cliy tpl;Lg; gphpe;j

Md;khit ey;y Kiwapy; topaDg;gj; Njitahd xU Kf;fpakhd

rlq;fhf irtHfs; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

irt ,Wjpr; rlq;F eilKiwAk; tpsf;fKk; vd;w Ehy;

irtHfSf;Fj; Njitahd Ehy;fspy; xd;W. ,jd; MrphpaH jpU. eh.

kNfrd; mtHfs; rpl;dpapy; gy tUlq;fshf irtHfspd; ,Wjpr;

rlq;Ffis r%fNritahff; nfhz;L elhj;jp tUfpd;whH. ,tuJ

mDgtj;jpd thapyhf mike;j ,e;Ehy; ,yF jkpopy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpU. kNfrd; mtHfspd; r%fNritia mq;fPfhpj;J “rhjidahsH” vd;W 2006Mk; Mz;L mT];jpNuypahtpd; epA rTj; Nty;];

murhq;fj;jhy; nfsutk; ngw;Ws;shH. ,e;jg; Gj;jfj;ijf; ifNalhff;

nfhz;L cyfpy; gue;J thOk; irtHfs; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffis irt

rka Kiwg;gb elhj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghJey Nehf;fk; nfhz;L

Ehyhrphpahpd; mDkjpAld; Xk; KUfh fofk; ,e;Ehiy fzpdpg;

gjpg;ghf ntspapLtjpy; kpf;f kfpo;r;rp milfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gjpg;gpdhy;

cyfr; irtHfs; kpfTk; gadilthHfs; vd;gjpy; ehd; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;Ls;Nsd;. tho;f kNfrd; tsHf mtHjk; njhz;L.

fyhepjp ,. = ,utPe;jpuuh[h

Aum Muruga Society, 15 Valda Place, Baulkham Hills,

NSW 2153, Australia.



12

,Wjpr; rlq;F eilKiw tpsf;fk;

1. capu; gpupfpd;w Ntisapy; nra;ag;gLtd

capu; cliy tpl;Lg; gpupfpd;w Ntis cldpUf;Fk; FLk;gj;jtu;

my;yJ cwtpdu;> mOJ FowhJ> mikjpahf ,Ue;J Njthu

jpUthrfk; XJjy;> njhz;il twshky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfg; ghy; gUf;Fjy;>

jpUePW g+Rjy;.

cliy capu; tpl;Lg; gpupfpd;w Ntisapy;> capUf;Fr; rw;Wf;

fyf;fk; Vw;gLk;. Ik;nghwpfisAk; tpl;L (nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F>

ehf;F) Gyd; Ie;Jk; mlq;Fk; NghJ jdpg;gl;l xU mDgtKk;>

jLkhw;wKk;> jhq;nfhzh tUj;jKk; capUf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j

Ntisapy; mUfpy; ,Ug;Nghu; $r;ry; ,l;L mOJ Fowpdhy;> capUf;F

NkYk; jLkhw;wKk;> Fog;gKk; Vw;gLk;. ,jdhNyNa mikjpahf

,Ue;J> ,iw rpe;jidf;F cupa nray;fisr; nra;Ak; tof;fk;

Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Njthu> jpUthrfq;fis XJk;NghJ> gpupfpd;w

capUf;Fk;> cld; ,Ug;NghUf;Fk; mikjpAk;> ,iw rpe;jidAk;

cz;lhfpwJ.

2. cliyj; njw;F Nehf;fp jiy ,Uf;Fk;gb fplj;Jjy;

tlf;Fj; jpirapy; jiyitj;Jg; gLj;jhy; clYf;Ff; nfLjy; Vw;gLk;

vd;w ek;gpf;if cz;L> ,we;jtupd;; jiy tlf;Nf ,Uf;Fkhapd;

clYf;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;gl;L cly; tpiuthfg; gOjile;J tpLk;

vd;gjw;fhfj; njw;Nf jiy ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tof;fk;

Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

3. cly; tpiwg;gjw;F Kd; nra;ag;gLtd

clypd; thAk;> fz;Zk; %lg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wdth vd;Wk;> fhy;

ngUtpuy;fs; ,uz;Lk; xd;NwhL xd;W gpizf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdth

vd;Wk; (fhy;fs; ,le;J gpbj;j epiyapy; ,y;yhjpUg;gjw;fhf) cWjpg;

gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy;: fl;Lg; gw;fs; cilNahupd; gy; tupir thapy;

Nghlg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wjh vd;Wk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;. ,it capu; ePq;fpa

clNd nra;ag;gl Ntz;bad.

cly; #lhwp> tpiwj;J tpl;lhy;> gpd;du; ,tw;iw ,yFthfr; nra;a

KbahJ. mjdhNyNa clNd nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w tof;fk;

Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;. jw;fhyj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidfSk;> ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffis

elj;j cjTfpd;w epiyaq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mit ,tw;iwf;

ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mg;gb cld; trjp ,y;yhj ,lj;J>

FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s vtUk; ,tw;iwr; nra;ayhk;.



13

4. cliy nts;isr; rPiyahy; %b itj;jy;

cliy <> vWk;G Kjypad mZfhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf cr;rpapUe;J

cs;sq;fhy; tiu %bitf;Fk; tof;fk; Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

5. clypd; jiykhl;by; Fj;Jtpsf;F Vw;Wjy;

jw;fhyj;ijg; Nghy;> Kw;fhyj;jpy; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Fj;J

tpsf;FfNs xsp je;jd. clypd; Kfj;ijf; njspthfg; ghu;g;gjw;fhf

Kw;fhyj;jpy; jiykhl;by; Fj;Jtpsf;F Vw;wp itf;Fk; tof;fk;

Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; irtHfs; fyhrhu Kiwapy; ,e;j

tof;fj;ijj; njhlu;e;J nra;J tUfpwhu;fs;. NkYk; ,iwtd; xsp

tbthdtd;. me;j xspia Vw;wp itf;Fk;NghJ ,iwtd; mq;Nf $l

,Uf;fpwhd; vd;w ek;gpf;ifahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

6. Njthu> jpUthrfq;fis XJjy;

capu; gpupfpd;w Neuj;Jk;> gpd;du; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffs; epiwT ngWk;

tiuAk;> mjd; gpd;dUk; FLk;gj;jtNuh> ez;gu;fNsh ahuhapUg;gpDk;

jpUKiwfs; Xjyhk;. xypehlhf;fis cgNahfpg;gjpy; jtwpy;iy.

Neubahfg; ghLtJ cj;jkk;. ghlg;gLk; jpUg;ghly;fs; ,wg;Gld;

njhlu;ghd ghly;fshf ,Uj;jy; ey;yJ. gQ;r Guhz itg;G Kiwiag;

gpd;gw;wp Xjpa gpd;du;> jpUg;Gfo;> gl;bdj;jbfs; ghly;fs; Kjypa

ghly;fis Xjyhk;. ,irNahL ghlNtz;Lk; vd;w epajp ,y;iy.

gagf;jpNahL Xjpdhy; NghJkhdJ.

cliy tpl;L capu; ePq;fpaTld;> capuhdJ rhjhuz fz;fSf;Fj;

njupahJ Mtp clNyhL jdJ g+j cliy mz;kpj;J epw;Fk; vd;gJ

ek;gpf;if. thdpNy fye;J> NtW clYld; kPsg; gpwg;gjw;Nfh> my;yJ

,iwtDila jpUtbapw; Nru;e;J gpwthik va;Jtjw;Nfh> Fiwe;jgl;rk;

Kg;gJ ehl;fs; njhlf;fk; xU tUl fhyk; vLf;Fk; vd;gJk; ek;gpf;if.

vy;yh capu;fSk; ,we;jTld; ,iwtidr; Nru;e;jila khl;lh. mtutu;

fu;kgydpd; gbjhd; ,iwtid miltJk;> kPsg; gpwg;gJk; elf;Fk;

vd;gJk; ek;gpf;if. ,Ug;gpDk; ,we;jtu;fSila capu;fs; vy;yhk;

,iwtidr; nrd;wila Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj capNuhbUf;fpd;w kw;w

vy;NyhUila tpUg;gKkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jdhNyNa> ,iwgjk;

va;jpdhu;> rptgjk; mile;jhu;> vd;W nghJthfr; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j

ek;gpf;iffspd; tpisthf> ,we;j capiu ,iwtDila czu;NthL

,Uf;fr; nra;aTk;> cyf tho;T tpUk;gj;jf;fjy;y> ,iwtdpd;

jpUtbNa Ntz;lj; jFtJ vd;gij capu; kwthky; ,Uf;fTk;

capUf;F cWJiz Guptjw;fhf ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpNy jpUKiwfs;

(,e;E}ypd; gpw; gFjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd) XJk; tof;fk; Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;.



14

7. xg;ghup itj;jy; - Fowp mOjy;

capu; mlq;fpagpd;> ,we;jtupd; FLk;gj;jtUk;> neUq;fpa cwtpdUk;

gpupthw;whikahy; tha;tpl;Lf; Fowp mOJ muw;Wtijj; jil nra;aw;f.

cstpay; Kiwahf ,J elf;f Ntz;ba nray;. Jf;fk; ePq;Ftjw;Fk;

Rygkhd top.

Jf;fj;ij kdj;jpy; mlf;fp itj;Jg; NgrhjpUg;NghUf;F kdNeha;

Vw;glTk; ,lk; cz;L. ,jdhNyNa> xg;ghup itj;J mOk; tof;fk;

Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jJ. jw;fhyj;jpy; ,ij ehfuPfk; mw;w nray;

vd;W fUJfpwhu;fs;. ,lk; nghUs; fhyk; mwpe;J tha; tpl;L mOJ

Gyk;Gtjpy; ed;ikNa md;wpj; jPik ,y;iy. jpUKiwfis XJk;

NghJk;> rtf;fpupia elf;Fk;NghJk; mOtJ jtpu;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

8. <kf;fpupia

,wg;Gf; fhyq;fspNy nra;ag;gLk; rlq;Ffs; ,uz;L tifahd

ek;gpf;iffspd; ngaupy; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. xd;W> ,we;jtupd;

FLk;gj;jpdUk; cwtpdUk; Jf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L> toikahd

epiyf;Fj; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr; nra;Ak; rlq;Ffs;. kw;iwaJ>

,we;jtupd; capu; ,iwtidr; nrd;wile;J kPz;Lk; gpwthik va;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapw; nra;ag;gLk; rlq;Ffs;. vdNt

<kf;fpupiaapNy kNdhjj;JtKk;> rkaek;gpf;ifAk; fye;j rlq;Ffs;

,lk; ngWfpd;wd vd;gij ehk; kdjpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

irtu;fs; ghuk;guPakhf tho;e;J tUk; ehLfspNy ,e;jf;

fpupiafisr; irtf; FUf;fs;khu; nra;J tUfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fSk;

,lj;Jf;fplk; fpupia Kiwfis khw;wpr; nra;fpwhu;fs;. vg;gbj;jhd;

NtWgl;lhYk;> mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffs; khWgl;ljhfj; njupatpy;iy.

capuhdJ mikjpAk;> ew;fjpAk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;if

apNyNa fpupiafs; eilngWfpd;wd. Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy; irtf;

FUf;fs;khu; fpilg;gJ mupJ. vdNt> Gyk; ngau;e;J tho;Nthupy; irt

xOf;f newpapy; epw;gtu; vtuhapUe;jhYk; ,e;jf; fpupiafisr; nra;aj;

jahuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. MjpapNy rhjhuzkhd kf;fNs ,tw;iw

elj;jpdhu;fs;. Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy; irtrPyu;fs; ,e;jr; rlq;Ffis

elj;j Ntz;ba flikg;ghLk;> r%fNritj; NjitAk; Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

,e;j E}ypNy Fwpg;gplg;gLk; fpupia Kiwfs;> ehd; gpwe;J tsu;e;j

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; vq;fs; FLk;gq;fspy; ele;j Kiwfis kdjpy;

itj;Jk;> Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy; eilngWfpd;w irtj; njhz;lu;fs;

elj;Jk; fpupiafisf; ftdpj;Jk; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd. rpy ,lq;fspNy fhy

Njr eilKiwfSf;F mika rpW khw;wq;fisr; nra;jpUf;fpNwd;.



15

Kiwapy; tpj;jpahrk; ,Ug;gpDk; mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffs; tpLgltpy;iy

vd;gJ vdJ njspT.

9. RUq;fr; nra;J tpsq;f itj;jy;

fpupiafisr; RUf;fkhfr; nra;J> gq;Fgw;WNthUk;> ghu;g;NghUk;

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,we;jtupd;

cly; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; midtUk; mikjpahfTk;>

tPz;thu;j;ijfs; NgrhkYk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghfj; jpUKiwfs;

Xjg;gLk; NghJk;> <kf;fpupiafs; elf;Fk; NghJk; ,iwrpe;jidapy;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nghJthfr; irtu;fs; midtUf;Fk; rptGuhzk;

njupe;j rpt tzf;fk;. mjid vy;NyhUk; Nru;e;J Xjpdhy;

,iwrpe;jidAk;> mikjpAk; cz;lhFk;. ,J ,we;jtUf;Fr; nra;Ak;

ngUkjpg;ghFk;.

10. gps;isahu; tzf;fk;

ve;jf; fUkj;ijj; njhlq;F Kd;Gk; gps;isahUf;F Kjy; tzf;fk;

nra;Ak; tof;fk; irtu;fspilNa cz;L. nra;ag;gLfpd;w fUkj;Jf;Fj;

jilfs; Vw;glhky; fhf;fty;y flTs; gps;isahu; vd;gJ ek;gpf;if.

gps;isahiu kz;zpdhNyh> kQ;rs; khtpdhNyh my;yJ khl;Lr;

rhzj;jpdhNyh gpbf;fyhk;. gpbj;j gps;isahHpd; cr;rpapNy mWfk;

Gy;iyr; #l;LtJ tof;fkhFk;. mWfk;Gy; capu;j; jd;ikAilaJ>

kq;fyfukhdJ vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. ,iwtd; vg;nghUspYk;

,Uf;fpwhd; vd;w nfhs;ifapy; gps;isahupd; vspikahd cUtk;

mikfpwJ vdTk; nfhs;syhk;.

11. rpt Fk;gk; itj;jy;

gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;> kiwj;jy;> mUsy; vDk; Ie;njhopy;

fisAk; GupAk; xNu ,iwtd; rptngUkhNd vd;W irtu;fs;

ek;Gfpwhu;fs;. mg;ngUkhd; rptKk; rf;jpAkha; ,ize;J ,Ug;gjhy; xNu

Fk;gj;jpy; rptKk; rf;jpAk; vOe;jUSk;gb xU Fk;gk; itg;gJ

NghJkhdJ. ,we;jtupd; cliyr; rptkhf;Fk; nghUl;L ,f;Fk;gk;

itf;fg;gLfpwJ. Fk;gj;jpNy rptngUkhid vOj;jUSk;gb Ntz;Ljy;

nra;J> mg;ngUkhd; Fk;gj;jpy; vOe;jUsp ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w ek;gpf;if

NahL fpupiafisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; cliyr; Rj;jp nra;Ak;

fpupiafisr; nra;jgpd; rptngUkhidg; g+rpj;J clilyr;

rptkakhf;Fk;gb Ntz;bf; Fk;gj;J ePiu clypNy njspj;JtpLk ;NghJ

cly; rptkhfptpl;lJ vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ.



16

12. nfhs;spf;Flk; itj;jy;

,J kz;zpdhy; Md rpW ghidapy; itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; Fk;gj;jpy;

,we;jtupd; capiuj; jq;Fk;gbAk;> mg;gbj; jq;fpa capiu

rptngUkhDila Ntz;Ljypdhy; kyePf;fk; nra;jw; nghUl;L ,f;Fk;gk;

cjTfpwJ. jLkhw;wk; mile;jpUf;Fk; capiu MWjy;gLj;jp> ,iwtd;

jhd; epj;jpakhd nghUs;> mtdplj;jpNy Nru Ntz;baNj cdJ flik.

fu;kgyd;fisg; nghbahf;fp me;jg; ngUkhid ehl Maj;jkha;

Fk;gj;jpy; te;J epy; vd;W Ntz;Ljy; nra;tjw;fhd mikg;G.

,we;jtupd; capiur; RLfhLtiu> rptkhfpa clNyhL ,l;Lr; nrd;W>

mq;Nf %d;W Kiwfs; ,f;Fk;gj;jpy; Xl;il nra;J mjpy; ,Ue;J XLk;

Fk;g ePu; clypNy njspf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,we;jtupd; capupy; cs;s kz;

Mir> nghd; Mir> ngz; (my;yJ Mz;) Mir Kjypa Mirfs;

vy;yhk; ePf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld> J}a;ikahd capu; rptkhfpa clypy;

fyf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ,r;rlq;F nra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;W

nfhs;syhk;.

13. jP tsu;j;jy;

,iwtd; xsp tbtpdd;. ,aw;ifapy; ,e;j xsp tbitg; gpujpgypg;gJ jP.

jPia tsu;j;J> mjidr; rpthf;fpdp vd;W topgl;L> mjdplj;Nj rfy

nghUs;fSk; mlq;fp xLq;Fk; vd;Wk;> mJ Rj;jpfupg;gpd; rhjdk; vd;Wk;

topgLk; tof;fk; irt rkaj;jtuplk; cz;L. MfNt> ,Wjpr;rlq;fpd;

NghJ mjid tsu;j;J> rptkhf;fpa clYld; ,jidr; Rliyf;F

vLj;Jr; nrd;W cliy vupg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;JtJ tof;fk;.

jPf;nfhs;spia fpupia nra;Ak; cupikahsu; Rliyapy;> cliyj; jP

%l;Lk; nghUl;L vLj;Jr; nry;tu;. mq;Nf nfhs;spf;Flk; cilf;fg;gl;l

gpd; clypd; jiykhl;by; nfhs;spia itj;J tpl;L jpUk;gpg; ghuhky;

mg;Gwkhtu;.

Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy; ,j;jP tsu;g;Gr; rlq;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ

fbdk;. cly; itf;fg;gLfpd;w kz;lgq;fs; ,jw;fhd trjpfSld;

mikf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. nghJ ,lq;fspNy neUg;G %l;LtJ gw;wpa rl;l

jpl;lq;fSk; kpFe;j fLikahf cs;sd. vdNt ,e;j tof;fj;ijAk;

xU khw;wg;gl;l KiwahfNt nra;a Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdNt nfhs;spf;Flk; itf;Fk;NghJ> mjd; mUNf xU jl;by; xU

fl;L CJgj;jpiaAk;> xU neUg;Gg; ngl;biaAk; itj;J>

nfhs;spFlj;Jld; Rliyf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpwJ.

cliyj; jPf;fpiuahf;fhj irt tof;fKk; cz;L. mt;tifg;gl;l

re;ju;g;gq;fspNy> ,j;jPia vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk; rlq;if tpl;L tplyhk;:

my;yJ> ,r;rlq;ifr; nra;j gpd;du; cliy g+jhdk; nra;ayhk;.



17

14. vz;nza; itj;jy; - ePuhl;ly;

,we;jtupd; cliyr; Rj;jk; nra;Ak; KfkhfTk;> FLk;gj;jtu;fs;

cwtpdu;fs; Jf;fk; ePq;Fk; nghUl;Lk; ,r;rlq;F nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fpuhkg;

Gwq;fspy; ,r;rlq;F cz;ikahfNt elj;jg;gLfpwJ. tPl;L tstpy;

gpuj;jpNafg; ge;jy; mikj;J> mg;ge;jypy; cliy itj;J> clYf;Fj;

jiyapy; vz;nza; itj;J> mug;G> vYkpr;rk;gok; itj;J> ePuhl;bg;

Gj;jhil mzptpj;Jg; ngl;bapy; itj;Jf; fpupia elf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;F

vLj;J tUtu;. ,e;jr; rlq;if mg;gbNa gl;bdq;fspy; nra;a KbahJ.

vdNt clypd; Rj;jpfupg;Gk; myq;fhuKk; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffis elj;j

cjTk; tu;j;jf jhgdq;fsplk; tpl;L tplg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,r;rlq;if

xg;gid Kiwapy; gl;bdq;fspy; nra;fpwhu;fs;.

15. Rz;zk; ,bj;jy;

,e;jr; rlq;F rptngUkhDf;Fr; nra;ag;gLk; ek;gpf;ifr; rlq;F. cly;

Rj;jp nra;ag;gl;L> rptFk;gj;jpd; ePu; mjd; Nkw; njspf;fg;gl;Lg; gpNujk;

rptkakhf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; mJ rptngUkhidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w xU

xg;gidg; nghUshff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> capupd; kyePf;fj;ij

Kd;dpl;Lr; rptngUkhid Ntz;br; Rz;zk; ,bf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J

capupd; ghtq;fisg; nghWj;J> mijj; J}a;ik nra;J ckjz;il

Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;lUSk; vd;W Ntz;Ljy; nra;fpd;w Xu; cgrhuf;

fpupiaNa. clypd; fhy;khl;bNy rpW cuiy epWj;jp> mjDs; mWF>

kQ;rs;> rpwpJ gr;ir muprp vd;gdtw;iw ,l;L> fpupia nra;Ak;

cupikahsupd; tyf;ifapy; cyf;ifiaf; nfhLj;J Rz;zj;ij

,bf;Fk;gb nra;tu;.

Rz;zk; ,bf;fg;gLk; NghJ kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; mUspr; nra;j

jpUg;nghw;Rz;zg; ghly;fs; ,UgijAk; ghLtu;. ghb Kbe;j gpd;

,bf;fg;gl;l Rz;zj;ij ms;spr; rptkha rtj;jpy; fz;fspy; rhj;Jtu;.

,J> ,we;j capupd; ghtq;fs; nghbahf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld> ,dp

mt;TapUf;F ckJ Qhdxspia <a;e;jUSk; vd;W rptngUkhid

Ntz;Ljy; nra;fpd;w nghUspy; mikAk;.

jpUg;nghw;Rz;zg; ghl;bd; tuyhW> jiytDf;Fj; jiytpAk;>

NjhopaUk; KOf;fhl;Lk; nghUl;Lg; ghbg;ghb thridg; nghUl;fisg;

nghb nra;a cuypy; ,l;L ,bj;j xU tof;fk;. ,e;j tof;fj;ij

kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; rptngUkhid epide;J nra;Ak; nrayhfg;

ghtid nra;J> jpUg;nghw;Rz;zg; ghly;fs; ,UgijAk; ghbaUspdhu;.

mjd; gpd;du; irt kf;fs; ,j;jpUg;ghly;fis Nfhapy;fspy;

jpUKOf;fpd; NghJ ghb topghLfs; nra;ayhdhu;;. jpUKOf;Fr;

Rj;jpfupg;igf; Fwpg;gNjhu; topghL. me;j tifapNy jhd; ,Wjpr;



18

rlq;fpYk;> ,we;jtupd; capupd; ght ePf;fKk;> ky ePf;fKk; Ntz;br;

nra;ag;gLk; xU Rj;jpfupg;Gr; rlq;fhfg; ghtid nra;J elj;jg;gLfpwJ

vd;W nfhs;syhk;.

,Wjpr; rlq;fpd; NghJ Rz;zk; ,bg;gjw;F ,we;jtupd; Mz;

kf;fisNa epakpg;gJ tof;fk;. jhahapd; filrp kfDk;> je;ijahapd;

%j;jkfDk; ,bg;gJ tof;fk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; Mz; kf;fs; vy;NyhUNk

Nru;e;J ,bf;fpwhu;fs;. ngz;gps;isfs; ,bf;ff; $lhjh vd;w Nfs;tp

vOfpwJ. MjpapNy ngz;fs;jhd; Rz;zk; ,bj;j tof;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

jpUg;nghw;Rz;zg; ghly;fSk; ngz;fs; ghLtjhfTk;> ,bg;gjhfTk; jhd;

ghlg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;> kuG topahf ,Wjpr; rlq;fpy; Mz;fs;

jhd; Rz;zk; ,bg;gJ tof;fk;.

16. ge;jk; gpbj;jy;

ght ePf;fKk; ky ePf;fKk; Ntz;Ljy; nra;ag;gl;l gpd;du;> jpUtUs;

$l Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfg; ge;jk; Vw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tplj;Jk; xsp

jpUtUspd; xg;gidahf mikfpwJ vdf;nfhs;syhk;. ,we;jtupd;

Ngug;gps;isfs;> G+l;lg;gps;isfs; Mz;> ngz; ,UrhuhUk; cliyr;

Rw;wp epd;W nea;g;ge;jk; gpbg;gJ tof;fk;. Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy;

nkOFjpupfisg; ge;jq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;. ,jpy;

jtwpy;iy. mbg;gilf; nfhs;if xsp Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj. nray;

Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F nkOFjpupfs; ,yFthdit. ,yFthfg; ngwf;

$baitAk; MFk;.

17. kdnkhj;j kyu; mQ;ryp

,Wjpr; rlq;F itgtj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;fpd;w md;gu;fs; midtUk;

,we;jtupd; Mj;kh rhe;jp mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W kdjhu Ntz;bf;

nfhz;ljd; epiwthfg; g+tpdhy; mQ;ryp nra;tJ tof;fk;. ,e;j

epfo;r;rpapy; vy;NyhUk; fye;J nfhs;syhk;. mtutu; ,iwtid kdjpy;

epidj;J> ,we;jtupd; capuhdJ ,iwtDila mUisg; ngwNtz;Lk;

vd;W kdjhu Ntz;Ljy; nra;tNj ,jd; Nehf;fk;.

g+ ,jo;fisNah my;yJ g+f;fisNah xU jl;by; itj;J>

te;jpUg;Nghu; midtiuAk; md;Gld; mioj;J> ,e;j kyu; mQ;rypapy;

fye;J nfhs;sr; nra;tu;. ,J ,we;jtUf;Fk;> mtUila FLk;gj;

jtUf;Fk; nra;Ak; ngupa kupahijahFk;. ,jdhy; mQ;ryp nra;Nthupd;

kdjpy; MWjYk;> mikjpAk; Vw;gLk;. ,Wjpahf ,we;jtupd; cliyg;

ghu;j;j kdepiwT Vw;gLk;. vy;NyhUila ey;nyz;zq;fSk; xUkpj;j

xU md;G miyia cz;Lgz;zp> ,we;jtupd; Mj;khTf;F mikjpiaf;;

nfhLf;Fk;. FLk;gj;jtUf;F MWjiyj; jUk;.



19

,j;jUzj;jpy;> xUtNuh> my;yJ gyu; Nru;e;Njh Njthuq;fisAk;>

jpUthrfg; ghly;fisAk;> gl;ldj;jbahH ghly;fisAk; ghLtJ

tof;fk;. ,jdhy; gq;F gw;WNthu; ahf;if epiyahikia czuTk;>

kdk; ,sfp ,iwtidj; jpahdpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ngUfTk;

xU tha;g;G Vw;gLfpwJ. kyu; J}Tk; NghJ fhypy; ,Ue;J njhlq;fpj;

jiy tiu J}Tthu;fs;. gpupe;j capuhdJ Nky; Nehf;fpr; nrd;W

flTis mila Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

18. tha;f;fuprp ,Ljy;

,e;jr; rlq;ifg; gyu; gpioahd tpsf;fj;Jld; nra;fpwhu;fs;;. mjhtJ>

,we;jtUf;Fj; jhk; czT Cl;LfpNwhk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld;

nra;fpwhu;fs;. rtkhdJ rptkhf;fg;gl;L> ky ePf;fk; nra;ag;gLk;

Ntz;Ljy; nra;ag;gl;L> capiu cyfg; gpzpg;Gfis ehlhNj vd;W

Nfhug;gl;l gpd;dH> ehk; ekJ cwtpdUf;F czT Cl;LfpNwhk; vd;w

epidg;NghL ,r;rlq;ifr; nra;tJ nghUj;jkhfhJ. mg;gb vd;why; Vd;

tha;f;fuprp ,Lk; tof;fk; te;jJ vd;w Nfs;tp voyhk;.

Mjpfhyj;jpYk;> fpuhkq;fspy; ,d;Wk;> tha;f;fuprp ,Ltjw;F

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUs; muprpay;y. new;nghupNa MFk;. ,jpNy xU

ngupa jj;Jtk; mlq;fp cs;sJ. mjhtJ> ney;yhdJ tpij nghUs;.

mjid tpijj;jhy; Kistpl;L kPz;Lk; tsu;e;J gapuhFk;.

mj;jd;ikahd ney;iy tWj;Jg; (nghupj;J) nghupahf;fptpl;lhy; me;j

new;nghup kPz;Lk; Kisf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. ,e;j cz;ikiag;

ghtidahf itj;Jj;jhd;> ,we;J gl;l capu; kPz;Lk; gpwthJ ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; new;nghupia thapy; ,l;lhu;fs;.

cwtpdu;fs;; ,g;gbg; nghupia ,Lk;NghJ> vk;ik tpl;Lg; gpupe;j ,e;j

capuhdJ kPz;Lk; G+kpapy; gpwthjpUf;f mUs;Guptha; ,iwth vd;w

Ntz;LjNyhLjhd; ,r;rlq;fpidr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;F ,d;Dk; xU nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. capiu xspngw tplhJ

kiwg;gd> Mztk;> fd;kk;> khia vd;fpd;w Kk;kyq;fs;. ney;ypNy

NkNy %bapUf;fpd;w ckpia Mztj;Jf;Fk;> cs;Ns muprpia

%bapUf;fpw jtpl;il fd;kj;Jf;Fk;> muprpaha; ,Uf;Fk; khg;nghUis

khiaf;Fk; xg;gplyhk;. ney;iyr; rptdUs; vd;fpd;w neUg;gpNy

tWf;fpd;w NghJ> tpisit cz;Lgz;Zfpw ckpAk;> jtpLk;> muprpAk;

nte;J> J}a;ikahd ntz;zpwkhd nghupahfpa kPz;Lk; gpwthik

va;jpa capuhf khWfpd;wJ> vdNt ,we;jtu; gpwthik va;jNtz;Lk;

vd;gNj ,r;rlq;fpd; cl;fUj;njdf; nfhs;syhk;.

ney;itg; nghupahf;FtJk;> gl;bdq;fspy; ney;iyg; ngWtJk;

rpukkhd Ntiy. MfNt ,yFtpy; ngwf;$ba muprpia new;nghupf;Fg;

gjpyhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;. muprpAk; kPz;Lk; Kisf;f Kbahj



20

nghUs; vd;gij kdj;jpy; nfhz;lhy; muprpia cgNahfk; nra;tjpy;

jtwpy;iy. ,e;jr; rlq;fpy; ,we;jtupd; kpf neUq;fpa cwtpdu;fNs

fye;J nfhs;tu;. tha;fuprp ,l;ltu;fs; 31 ehs;tiu filg;gpbf;f

Ntz;ba Jf;f eilKiwf; flikfs; rpy cz;L. me;jf; flikfis

epiwNtw;w trjpapy;yhjtu;fs; ,r;rlq;fpy; fye;J nfhs;tJ tof;fk;

my;y.

19. ngl;b %lg;gLjy;

fpuhkq;fspYk; Kw;fhyj;jpYk; tPl;bNy %lg;gl;l ngl;b RLfhl;bNy

jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. mq;Nfjhd; Mz;fs; tha;f;fuprp ,Lthu;fs;. clypy;

cs;s Mguzq;fs; mq;Nfjhd; mfw;wg;gl;ld. ,it ele;jgpd; jhd;

nfhs;spf;Flk; cilf;fg;gl;Lj; jP ,lg;gl;lJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; Mz;fs;

kl;Lk; jhd; Rliyf;Fg; Nghdhu;fs;. ngz;fs; Rliyf;Fg; NghtJ

tof;fk; my;y. jw;fhyj;jpy; ,e;j tof;fk; khwptpl;lJ. gl;bdq;fspYk;>

Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspYk; Rliyfs; fhLfs; my;y. etPd

rhjdq;fSk;> kz;lgq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. MfNt> Mz;> ngz;

,Ujug;gpdUk; RliyfSf;Fr; nry;fpwhu;fs;. vdNt> jPapLtijj;

jtpu;e;j> clNyhL njhlu;ghd rfy rlq;FfisAk; tPl;bNyNa itj;J

tpLtJ trjpAk;> rpwg;Gk; MFk;. MfNt ngl;b %Ltjw;F Kd;du;>

clypy; cs;s eif> el;Lfisf; fow;wp tpLtJ ey;yJ. ,jid

FLk;gj;NjhL neUq;fpa njhlu;G cs;s xUtu; nra;ayhk;. fow;wg;gLk;

nghUl;fis mjw;F cupatu;fsplk; xg;gilg;gJ fow;Wfpwtupd;

nghWg;G.

,t;tplj;jpy; xU Fwpg;Gf; $wNtz;b cs;sJ. mjhtJ>

jpUkzkhd jk;gjpaupy; fztd; ,we;jhy;> kidtp jdJ fOj;jpy;

cs;s jhypiaf; fow;wpf; fztdpd; clypd; neQ;rpd; Nky; itf;Fk;

xU tof;fk; cz;L. ,J clw;Rj;jp nra;j gpd;dH epfo;tJ. ngz;fs;

jhypia mzptJ jpUkzkhdtu;fs; vd;gij ntspg;gLj;Jtw;Nf.

Kw;fhyj;jpy; jpUkzj;jd;W fztdhy; fl;lg;gl;l jhypia vf;fhuzk;

nfhz;Lk; fOj;ij tpl;Lf; fow;Wtjpy;iy. fztd; ,we;jgpd; mtdhw;

fl;lg;gl;l jhypia mzptjw;Fj; jFjpaw;wts; vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ.

vdNt> fztd; ,we;jTld; ngz; jd; fOj;jpy; cs;s jhypiaf;

fow;wp tpLfpwhs;. jhyp mzpAk; epiy mw;Wg;Ngha; tpl;lNj vd;w

Jf;fj;jpy; mtd; mzptpj;j jhypiaf; fow;wp mtd; clypy;

itf;fpwhs;. ,e;jr; rlq;if> gpd;du; ngz; jpUkzk; nra;J

nfhs;thNsh my;yJ jdpj;Nj tho;f;if elj;JthNsh vd;gijf;

fhl;Lfpd;w mwpFwpahf vLf;ff;$lhJ. jhypapd; ngUikiaf;

fhl;Lfpd;w xU rlq;fhf vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;du; jpUkzk;



21

nra;Jnfhs;tjh tpLtjh vd;w jPu;khdj;ij ,jpNy Nghl;Lf; Fog;GtJk;

cz;L. mJ Njitaw;wJ.

jhyp fztd; kidtpaupd; gpzpg;Gf;F ePf;fkw epiwe;j Xu;

mj;jhl;rp> milahsk;. me;j milahsj;jpd; rpwg;G> vd;tho;tpy;

,f;fztDld; mtd; ,wf;Fk; tiu epiyj;jpUe;jJ vd;gij

ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU epfo;thf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ cj;jkk;.

20. jPapLk;NghJ> eiffs; ,Uj;jy; MfhJ

clYf;Fj; jPapLk; NghJ clypNy ve;jtpj eiffSk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ

vd;w xU ek;gpf;if cz;L. rpyu; rpy eiffisf; fow;whky;

tpl;Ltpfpwhu;fs;> mJ ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffspd; cl;fUj;Jf;F khwhd

nrayhFk;. Mirfis tpl;Ltply;> midj;ijAk; Jwe;j epiy>

vd;gdtw;iw xg;gidahff; nfhz;l rlq;Ffisr; nra;Jtpl;Lg; gpd;du;

eiffisf; fow;whky; tpl;LtpLtJ rupay;y. mjdhw;jhd; ,e;j

ek;gpf;if Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;. vdNt ,e;j ek;gpf;ifiaf; filg;gpbg;gJ

cj;jkk;.

21. ,we;jtupd; Mtpf;Fg; gag;gLjy;

,we;jtupd; Mtp ekf;Fj; Jd;gk; nra;ANkh> NfL tpistpf;FNkh vd;W

rpyu; gag;gLtJz;L. ,J mu;j;jk; mw;wJ. Mtp clypy; ,Uf;Fk;

capUf;F Ik;nghwpfspd; Jiz ,y;iy. Ik;Gyd;fSk; mjpy;

mkpo;e;jpUe;jhYk;> mJ Mtpepiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ g+TyFf;F cupa

jd;ik mjdplk; ,y;iy. mJ Mtp cyifNa ehb epw;Fk;.

ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ekJ kdg;gaj;jhy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fis

ehk; Mtp Jd;GWj;JfpwJ vd;W vz;ZfpNwhk;. Mtp epiyapy; cs;s

capu;fis ehk; kz;Zyfr; #oYf;F ,Oj;J <LgLj;jhky;

tpl;Ltpl;lhy; mit ekf;Fj; Jd;gk; jug;Nghtjpy;iy. tpz;Zyfk;

nrd;W ,iwgjk; va;Jf vd;W mwpTWj;jptpbd; ehk; MtpfSf;Fg;

gag;gl Ntz;bajpy;iy.



22

,Wjpr; rlq;F nra;Ak; eilKiwfs;

1. gps;isahu; gpbj;jy; - rptFk;gk; itj;jy;

<kf;fpupiaia elj;Jgtu; clYf;F mz;ikapy; mku;e;J> xU jiy

thio ,iyapl;L> kQ;rs; khtpdhNyh> my;yJ muprp khtpdhNyh

gps;isahu; gpbj;J> mWfk;Gy; cr;rpapw; #l;bitj;jy;.

,iyapNy gr;ir muprp rpwpjsT ,l;L mjd;Nky; nrk;gpNyh>

my;yJ rpW Flj;jpNyh epiwa ePu;tpl;L> KbAs;s Njq;fha; epWj;jp>

khtpiy %d;W gf;fKk; nrhUfpf; Fk;gj;ij epWj;jpf;nfhs;sTk;.

nrhUfg;gLk; khtpiyfspd; vz;zpf;if %d;whf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

Fk;gj;Jf;Fg; g+> g+khiy> jpUePW> re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk; rhj;Jf.

Fj;Jtpsf;F xd;W Vw;wp itf;fTk;. rptFk;gj;jpd; Kd;Nd xU

ghj;jpuj;jpy; gd;dPu; fye;j ePu; vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;f. Fk;gg+ir

nra;Ak; NghJ> ,e;j ePUf;Fk; Nru;j;Jg; g+ir nra;f. clYf;Fj;

njspf;Fk; Fk;gePuhf ,e;j ePiuNa gad;gLj;Jf. vy;yhr; rlq;FfSk;>

topghLfSk; epiwT ngWk;tiu rptFk;gj;ijf; fiyj;jyhfhJ.

2. nfhs;spf;Flk; itj;jy;

rptFk;gj;jpd; mUNf ,d;Dk; xU jiythio ,l;L mjd;Nky; rpwpjsT

gr;ir muprp ,l;L> kz;zhyhd rpW ghidapy; epiwa ePu; tpl;L %d;W

khtpiy Njq;fha; itj;Jf; Fk;gj;ij epWtpf; nfhs;sTk;. xU jl;bNy>

xU fl;Lr; rhk;gpuhzpf; Fr;rpfisAk;> xU neUg;Gg; ngl;biaAk;

itj;Jf; nfhs;spf;Flj;Jf;F mUNf itj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.

3. g+ir Muk;gk;

g+ir Muk;gkhfpwJ vd;gij mwptpf;f ifkzpia mbj;J tpl;Lj;

jpUePw;iw vLj;J> rptrpt vd;W nrhy;yp new;wpapy; mzpe;J nfhs;f.

fpupia nra;fpd;w cupikahsiu mioj;J> mUfpy; ,Uj;jp> rptrpt

vd;W nrhy;ypj; jpUePW nfhLj;J mzpar; nra;f. cupikahsuplk;;

gpd;tUk; cWjpg;ghl;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;.

cWjpg;ghL: “vk;ik tpl;Lg; gpupe;j vdJ (cupik Kiw) cila

Mj;kh ew;fjp milAk; gbf;Fk;> rhe;jp ngWjw; nghUl;Lk; ,e;j ,Wjpr;

rlq;Ffisr; nra;a Kd;te;Js;Nsd;. ,e;jr; rlq;Ffs; epiwT ngWk;

tiuf;Fk;> gagf;jpahfTk;> fz;Zk; fUj;jhfTk;> mikjpahfTk;

,Ue;J rlq;Ffis epiwNtw;WNtd; vd;W cWjpaspf;fpNwd;." vd;W

cupikahsu; cWjp $wpagpd; rptFk;gj;Jf;Fj; jPgk; fhl;Lf. gpd;dH>

cupikahsUf;Fj; jpUePW nfhLj;J mzpar; nra;aTk;. (Nkw;fz;l

cWjpg;ghl;bd; ntspg;ghlhf xU nts;is E}iy fpupia nra;Ak;



23

cupikahsupd; ,lJ ghuprj;jpy; mzpar; nra;tJ tof;fk;. jw;fhyj;jpy;

,jidj; jtpu;g;gtu;fSk; cz;L).

4. gps;isahu; g+ir

Kjypy; gps;isahiu kdj;jpy; epidj;J ,e;jf; fpupiaiaf; Fw;wk;>

Fiwapy;yhJ epiwT nra;J jUf vd;W Ntz;Ljy; nra;f. gpd;tUk;

ghly;fisg; ghbg; g+Tk;> ePUk; ,l;L tzq;fTk;.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

gpbajd; cUcik nfhskpF fupaJ

tbnfhL jdjb topgLk; mtuplu;

fbfz gjptu mUspdd; kpFnfhil

tbtpdu; gapy;typ tyKiw ,iwNa!

kz;Zy fj;jpdpw; gpwtp khrw

vz;zpa nghUnsyhk; vspjpy; Kw;Wwf;

fz;Zj YilaNjhu; fspw;W khKfg;

gz;ztd; kyub gzpe;J Nghw;Wthk;.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

,j;Njthuq;fisg; ghb Kbe;jgpd;> g+ ,l;Lf; fw;g+uj; jPgk; fhl;Lf. 5. rptngUkhDf;Fg; g+ir

rptFk;gj;jpNy rptDk; rf;jpAk; vOe;jUSk;gb Ntz;Ljy; nra;jy;.

kdj;jhy; jpahdpj;Jg; g+Tk;> ePUk; ,l;lgpd;> gpd;tUk; Ntz;Ljiy

cuj;Jr; nra;f.

1. vy;yhk; ty;y rptngUkhNd> gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;>

kiwj;jy;> mUsy; vdg;gLk; Ie;njhopy;fisAk; ePNu GupfpwPu; vd;W ehk;

ek;GfpNwhk;. mk;ik mg;guhf> vk;ngUkhd; ,e;jf; Fk;gj;jpy; vOe;jUsp

mUs; Gupa Ntz;Lk; vd;W md;gpdhy; mfk; Fioe;J ,iwQ;RfpNwd;.

2. ,e;j cliy tpl;Lg; gpupe;j capuhdJ ew;fjp mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W

,e;jf; fpupiaia Muk;gpf;fpNwd;. ,we;jtupd; FLk;gj;jpdUk;>

ez;gu;fSk; Jf;fj;jpdpd;Wk; kPz;L> jkJ toikahd epiyf;Fj; jpUk;g

Ntz;Lk; vd;W mfk; Fioe;J ,iwQ;RfpNwd;.

Ntz;Ljypd; gpd;du; rptngUkhDf;F mu;r;ridahfg; gpd;tUk;

Njthuq;fisg; ghbg;ghbg; g+Tk; ePUk; ,Lf.



24

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

kw;Wg; gw;nwdf; fpd;wp epd;wpUg; ghj Nkkdk; ghtpj;Njd;

ngw;w Yk;gpwe; Njd;, dpg;gpw thj jd;ikte; nja;jpNdd;

fw;w tu;njhO Njj;JQ; rPu;f;fiw A+upw; ghz;bf; nfhLKb

ew;w thcid ehd;k wf;fpDQ; nrhy;Yeh ekr;rp thaNt!

Nguhapuk; gutp thNdhu; Vj;Jk; ngk;khidg;

gpuptpyh mbahu;f; nfd;Wk;

thuhj nry;tk; tUtpg;ghid ke;jpuKk;

je;jpuKk; kUe;Jk; Mfpj;

jPuhNeha; jPu;j;jUs ty;yhd; jd;idj;

jpupGuq;fs; jPnaoj;jpz; rpiyiff;nfhz;l

Nghuhidg; Gs;spUf;F Ntuhidg;

Nghw;whNj Mw;wehl; Nghf;fpNdNd!

Ntw;whfp tpz;zhfp epd;wha; Nghw;wp

kPshNk Mnsd;idf; nfhz;lha; Nghw;wp

Cw;whfp cs;Ns xspj;jha; Nghw;wp

Xthj rj;jj;J xypNa Nghw;wp

Mw;whfp mq;Nf mku;e;jha; Nghw;wp

Mwq;fk; ehy;Ntjk; Mdha; Nghw;wp

fhw;whfp vq;Fk; fye;jha; Nghw;wp

fapiy kiyahNd Nghw;wp Nghw;wp.

fw;wtu;fs; cz;Zq; fdpNa Nghw;wp

foy; mile;jhu; nry;Yk; fjpNa Nghw;wp

mw;wtu;fl; fhuKj khdha; Nghw;wp

my;yyWj;J mbNaid Mz;lha; Nghw;wp

kw;nwhUtu; xg;gpyh ike;jh Nghw;wp

thdtu;fs; Nghw;Wk; kUe;Nj Nghw;wp

nrw;wtu;jk; Gunkupj;j rptNd Nghw;wp

jpU%yl;lhdNd Nghw;wp Nghw;wp.

nghiwAila g+kpeP uhdha; Nghw;wp

g+jg; gilahs; Gdpjh Nghw;wp

epiwAila neQ;rpd; ,ilaha; Nghw;wp

ePq;fhnjd; Ds;sj; jpUe;jha; Nghw;wp

kiwAila Ntjk; tpupj;jha; Nghw;wp

thNdhu; tzq;fg; gLtha; Nghw;wp

fiwAila fz;l Kilaha; Nghw;wp

fapiy kiyahNd Nghw;wp Nghw;wp.



25

,e;jj; Njthuq;fisg; ghb Kbe;jgpd; Fk;gj;Jf;Ff; fw;g+uj; jPgk;

fhl;Lf. ,e;j Neuk; njhlf;fk;> Fk;gePu; clypy; njspf;fg;gLk; tiu>

rptngUkhd; Fk;gj;jpy; vOe;jUsp ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w gagf;jpAld;

njhopw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

6. nfhs;spf;Flg; g+ir

nfhs;spf; Flj;Jf;Fg; g+Tk;> ePUk; ,l;l gpd;dH> rptngUkhidj;

jpahdpj;J ,we;jtupd; capiu ,f;Fk;gj;jpy; vOe;jUs cjTk;gb

Ntz;Ljy; nra;aTk;. gpd;du; fw;g+uj; jPgk; fhl;Lf. gpd;du; ,we;jtupd;

capu; nfhs;spf; Flj;jpy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gjhfg; ghtid nra;J

mt;TapUf;Fj; Jiz GupAk; Kfkhf> cyf ge;jq;fis tpl;L>

,iwtDila jpUtbfis ehl Maj;jkhFk; gbAk; Ntz;Ljy; nra;j

gpd; gpd;tUk; Njthuq;fisg; ghLf. ghLk; NghJ Fk;gj;Jf;Fg; g+Tk;>

ePUk; ,Lf.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

fUtha;f;fple;Jd; foNy epidAk; fUj;J cilNad;

cUtha;j; njupe;Jd;wd; ehkk;gapd;Nwd; cdjUshy;

jpUtha; nghypar; rptha ekvd;W ePwzpe;Njd;

jUtha; rptfjp ePghjpupg;GypA+u; muNd.

gilf;fy khfcd; ehkj; njOj;ijQ;nrd; ehtpw; nfhz;Nld;

,ilf;fy ky;Nyd; vOgpwg;Gk; cdf;F Ml; nra;fpd;Nwd;

Jilf;fpDk; NghNfd; njhOJ tzq;fpj; J}ePW mzpe;Jd;

milf;fyk; fz;lha; mzp jpy;iyr; rpw;wk;gyj; juNd.

fUTw;w ehs;Kjyhf cd;ghjNk fhz;gjw;F

cUfpw;nwd; cs;sKk;ehDk; fple;jye;J va;j;njhope;Njd;

jpUntw;wp A+uh! jpUthythah! jpUth&uh!

xUgw;wpyhikAq; fz;buq;fha; fr;rp Vfk;gNd.

,j;Njthuq;fisg; ghb Kbe;jgpd; nfhs;spf; Flf;Jf;Ff; fw;guj;+ jPgk;

fhl;Lf.

7. vz;nza; itj;jy;

xU rpl;bapy; rpwpjsT ey;nyz;nza; vLj;Jf; nfhs;f. mjDs; xU

khtpiyia itj;Jf; nfhs;f. vz;nza; itf;f tpUk;Gk; cw;whu;

cwtpdiu mioj;J> xt;nthUtuhf tupirapy; te;J khtpiyahy;

vz;nziaj; njhl;Lg; gpNujj;jpd; jiyapy; itf;Fk;gb nra;f. fpupia

nra;a cupikahdtiu ,Wjpapy; itf;Fk;gb nra;f. vz;nza; itj;J

Kbe;jgpd;> FLk;gj;jtiu vYkpr;rk;gok;> Njhlk;gok;> khJ}sk;gok;>



26

fUk;G Kjypatw;wpd; rhw;iwg; gpNujj;jpd; jiyapy; itf;fr; nra;f.

(g+ir njhlq;F Kd; xU jl;by; ,tw;iwr; rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b

itj;Jf; nfhs;f. rhW tpl;ltu;fs; if myk;Gtjw;F mUNf xU

ghj;jpuj;jpy; jz;zPUk; itj;Jf; nfhs;f).

8. ePuhl;ly;

G+ir njhlq;F Kd; xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; Rj;jkhd jz;zPu; vLj;J itj;Jf;

nfhs;f. me;j ePiu> xU khtpiyahy; njhl;L> FLk;gj;jtiu

xt;nthUtuhf itf;Fk;gb nra;f. filrpahf> fpupia nra;Ak;

cupikahsiu itf;fr; nra;f. vy;NyhUk; ePu; thu;j;J Kbe;jgpd;>

rptngUkhid kdj;jpy; jpahdpj;J ,we;jtupd; clypy; vOe;jUSk;gb

Ntz;Ljy; nra;f. rptFk;gj;Jf;Ff; fw;g+u jPgk; fhl;bagpd;> Fk;gePiu

khtpiyahy; njhl;Lg; gpNujj;jpd; cr;rpapUe;J cs;sq; fhy;tiu

njspj;J tpLf. mjd; gpd;du;> rptkhfpa rtj;Jf;Fj; jpUePW rhj;jpg;

g+khiy mzptpj;J> re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk; rhj;Jk;gb nra;f. ,g;NghJ

rptkhfpa rlyj;Jf;Ff; fw;g+u jPgk; fhl;Lk;gb nra;f.

9. ge;jk; gpbj;jy;

Kd;dNu xOq;F nra;J itf;fg;gl;l nkOFjpupfis Vw;wpg; Ngug;

gps;isfs;> G+l;lg;gps;isfs; midtiuAk; Rw;wp epd;W gpbf;fr; nra;f.

10. Rz;zk; ,bj;jy;

Rj;jkhd xU rpW cuiyAk;> cyf;ifiaAk; Kd;dNu Maj;jk; nra;J

itj;Jf; nfhs;f. cuypy; xU khtpiyAk;> cyf;ifapy; xU

khtpiyAk; fl;btpLf> cuYf;Fk; cyf;iff;Fk; jpUePW> re;jdk;>

Fq;Fkk; rhj;Jf. cuiyf; fhy;khl;by; epWj;jp> mjDs; kQ;rs;> mWF>

rpwpJ gr;ir muprp ,Lf. cyf;ifiaf; fpupia nra;Ak; cupikahsupd;

tyf;ifapy; nfhLj;J cuypDs; itf;fr; nra;f. ,g;NghJ> kzpthrfg;

ngUkhd; mUspr; nra;j jpUg;nghw;Rz;zg; ghly;fs; ,UgijAk; ghb

xt;nthU ghly; Kbe;jJk;> cyf;ifiaj; J}f;fp ,bf;Fk;gb nra;f.

ghly;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; KbAk; NghJ rptkhfpa rtj;Jf;Fj; fw;g+u jPgk;

fhl;bf; if kzpia xypf;fTk;.



27

jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

Kj;Jew; jhkk; g+khiyJ}f;fp

Kisf;Flk; J}gew; jPgk;itkpd;

rj;jpAk; NrhkpAk; ghu;kfSk;

ehkf NshL gy;yhz;birkpd;

rpj;jpAk; nfsupAk; ghu;g;gjpAk;

fq;ifAk; te;J ftupnfhz;kpd;

mj;jd; Iahwd; mk;khidg;ghb

Mlw;nghw; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 1

g+tpay; thu;ril vk;gpuhw;Fg;

nghw;jpUr; Rz;zk; ,bf;fNtz;Lk;

khtpd; tLtfpu; md;dfz;zPu;

tk;kpd;fs; te;Jld; ghLkpd;fs;

$Tkpd; njhz;lu; Gwk;epyhNk

Fdpkpd; njhOkpndq; Nfhndq;$j;jd;

NjtpAk; jhDk;te; njk;ikahsr;

nrk;nghd;nra; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 2

Re;ju ePwzpe;J nkOfpj;

J}anghd; rpe;jp epjpgug;gp

,e;jpud; fw;gfk; ehl;bnaq;Fk;

vopw;Rlu; itj;Jf; nfhbnaLkpd;

me;juu; Nfhd; mad;jd;ngUkhd;

Mopahd; ehjd;ey; Ntyd;jhij

ve;juk; MOik ahs;nfhOew;

Nfa;e;jnghw; rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 3

fhrzp kpd;fs; cyf;ifnay;yhk;

fhk;gzp kpd;fs; fiwAuiy

Nerk; cila mbatu;fs;

epd;W epyhTf vd;Wtho;j;jpj;

Njrnky;yhk; Gfo;e; jhLq;fr;rpj;

jpUVfk;gd; nrk;nghw; Nfhapy;ghbg;

ghr tpidiag; gwpj;Jepd;W

ghbg;nghw; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 4



28

mWnfLg;ghu; maDk; mupAk;

md;wpkw;W ,e;jpu Ndhlkuu;

eWKW Njtu; fzq;fnsy;yhk;

ek;kpw;gpd; gy;y njLf;fnthl;Nlhk;

nrwpTil Kk;kjpy; va;jtpy;yp

jpUNtfk; gd;nrk;nghw; Nfhapy;ghbg;

KWtw; nrt;thapdPu; Kf;fzg;Gf;F

Mlg; nghw;Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 5

cyf;if gyXr;Rthu; ngupau;

cyfnkyhk; cuy; Nghjhnjd;Nw

fyf;f mbatu; te;Jepd;whu;

fhz cyfq;fs; Nghjhnjd;Nw

eyf;f mbNahik Mz;Lnfhz;L

ehz;kyu;g; ghjq;fs; #lj;je;j

kiyf;F kUfidg; ghbg;ghb

kfpo;e;Jnghw; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 6

#lfk; Njhs;tis Mu;g;gthu;g;g

njhz;lu; FohnkOe; jhu;g;gthu;g;g

ehltu; ee;ik Mu;g;gthu;g;g

ehKk; mtu;jk;ik Mu;g;gthu;g;g

ghlf nky;yb ahu;f;Fk;kq;if

gq;fpdd; vqfs; guhguDf;F

Mlf khkiy md;dNfhTf;F

Mlw;nghw; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 7

ths;jlq; fz;kl kq;ifey;yPu;

tuptis Mu;g;gtz; nfhq;ifnghq;fj;

Njhs;jpU Kz;le; Jije;jpyq;fr;

Nrhj;njk; gpuhndd;W nrhy;ypr;nrhy;yp

ehl;nfhz;l ehz;kyu;g; ghjq;fhl;b

ehapw; filg;gl;l ek;ikapk;ik

Ml;nfhz;l tz;zq;fs; ghbg;ghb

Mlg;nghw; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 8

itafk; vy;yhk; cuyjhf

khNkU vd;Dk; cyf;ifehl;b

nka;naDk; kQ;rs; epiwaml;b

NkjF njd;dd; ngUe;Jiwahd;



29

nra;a jpUtb ghbg;ghbr;

nrk;nghd; cyf;if tyf;ifgw;wp

Iad; mzpjpy;iy thzDf;Nf


Kj;jzp nfhq;iffs; MlMl

nkha;Foy; tz;bdk; MlMlr;

rpj;jk; rptndhLk; MlMlr;

nrq;faw; fz;gdp MlMlg;

gpj;jk; gpuhndhLk; MlMlg;

gpwtp gpwnuhLk; MlMl

mj;jd; fUizNahL MlMl


khL eifths; epyhvwpg;g

tha;jpwe; jk;gtsk; Jbg;gg;

ghLkpd; ee;jk;ik Mz;lthWk;

gzpnfhz;l tz;zKk; ghbg;ghbj;

NjLkpd; vk;ngU khidj;Njbr;

rpj;jq; fspg;gj; jpifj;Jj;Njwp

MLkpd; mk;gyj; jhbdhDf;F


ikaku; fz;lid thdehlu;

kUe;jpid khzpf;ff; $j;jd;jd;id

Iaid Iau;gpuhid ek;ik

mfg;gLj; jhl;nfhz; lUikfhl;Lk;

ngha;au;jk; ngha;aid nka;au;nka;iag;

Nghjupf; fz;zpidg; nghw;nwhbj;Njhs;

igau ty;Fy; kle;ijey;yPu;


kpd;dpilr; nre;Jtu; tha;f;fUq;fz;

ntz;zifg; gz;zku; nkd;nkhopaPu;

vd;Dil MuKJ vq;fs;mg;gd;

vk;ngUkhd; ,kthd; kfl;Fj;

jd;Dilf; Nfs;td; kfd;jfg;gd;

jkad; vk;ikad; jhs;fs;ghbg;

nghd;Dilg; g+z;Kiy kq;ifey;yPu;

nghw;jpUr; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 13



30

rq;fk; muw;wr; rpyk;nghypg;gj;

jho;Foy; #o;jU khiyMlr;

nrq;fdp thapjOe; Jbg;gr;

Nrapio aPu;rpt Nyhfk;ghbf;

fq;if ,iug;g muhtpiuf;Fk;

fw;iwr; rilKb ahd;fow;Nf

nghq;fpa fhjypw; nfhq;ifnghq;fg;


Qhdf; fUk;gpd; njspitg;ghif

ehlw;fupa eyj;ij ee;jhj;

Njidg; gor;Rit Mapdhidr;

rpj;jk; GFe;J jpj;jpf;fty;y

Nfhidg; gpwg;gWj; jhz;Lnfhz;l

$j;jid ehj;jOk; Ngwtho;j;jpg;

ghdy; jlq;fz; kle;ijey;yPu;


Mtif ehKk;te; jd;gu;jk;NkhL

Ml;nra;Ak; tz;zq;fs; ghbtpz;Nky;

Njtu; fdhtpYk; fz;lwpahr;

nrk;kyu;g; ghjq;fs; fhl;Lk;nry;tr;

Nrtfk; Ve;jpa nty;nfhbahd;

rptngU khd;Guk; nrw;wnfhw;wr;

Nrtfd; ehkq;fs; ghbg;ghbr;

nrk;nghd;nra; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 16

Njdf khkyu;f; nfhd;iwghbr;

rptGuk; ghbj; jpUr;rilNky;

thdf khkjpg; gps;isghb

khy;tpil ghb tyf;ifNae;Jk;

Cdf khkOr; #yk;ghb

ck;gUk; ,k;gUk; ca;amd;W

Nghdf khfeQ; Rz;ly;ghbg;


mad;jiy nfhz;Lnrz; lhly;ghb

mUf;fd; vapW gwpj;jy;ghb

fae;jidf; nfhd;Wup Nghu;j;jy;ghbf;

fhyidf; fhyhy; cijj;jy;ghb



31

,iae;jd Kg;Guk; Va;jy;ghb

Vio mbNahik Mz;Lnfhz;l

eae;jidg; ghbepd; whbahb

ehjw;Fr; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 18

tl;l kyu;f;nfhd;iw khiyghb

kj;jKk; ghb kjpAk;ghbr;

rpl;lufs; thOk;njd; jpy;iyghbr;

rpw;wk; gyj;njq;fs; nry;tk;ghbf;

fl;ba khRzf; fr;irghbf;

fq;fzk; ghbf; ftpj;jifk;Nky;

,l;Lepd; whLk; mutk;ghb

<rw;Fr; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk. 19

NtjKk; Nts;tpAk; Mapdhu;f;F

nka;ikAk; ngha;ikAk; Mapdhu;f;Fr;

NrhjpAkha; ,Us; Mapdhu;f;F

Jd;gKkha; ,d;gk; Mapdhu;f;F

ghjpAkha; Kw;Wk; Mapdhu;f;F

ge;jKkha; tPLk; Mapdhu;f;F

MjpAk; me;jKk; Mapdhu;f;F


jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

11. Rz;zk; rhj;Jjy;

fpupia nra;Ak; cupikahsiu cuypy; cs;s Rz;zg; nghbia ms;sp

rlyj;jpd; fz;fs; ,uz;bYk; itf;Fk;gb nra;f. 12. gQ;r Guhzk; Xjy;

gpd;tUk; gQ;rGuhzj;ij XJf.



32

gQ;r Guhzk;

Njthuk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

mq;fj;ij kz;Zf;fhf;fp Mu;tj;ij cdf;Nfje;J

gq;fj;ijg; Nghfkhw;wpg; ghtpj;Njd; gukhepd;idr;

rq;nfhj;j Nkdpr; nry;th rhjy;ehs; ehNad;cd;id

vq;Fw;wha; vd;wNghjhy; ,q;Fw;Nwd; vd;fz;lhNa.

jpUthrfk;

ahNdJk; gpwg;gQ;Nrd; ,wg;gjw;F vd;flNtd;

thNdAk;ngwpy;Ntz;Nld;kz;zhs;thd;kjpj;JkpNud;;

NjNdAk; kyu;f;nfhd;iwr; RptNdvk; ngUkhd;vk;

khNdcd; mUs;ngWehs; vd;nwd;Nw tUe;JtNd.

jpUtpirg;gh

ePwzp gtsf; Fd;wNk epd;w

new;wpf; fz;ZilaNjhu; neUg;Ng

Ntwzp Gtd NghfNkNahf

nts;sNk NkUtpy; tPuh

Mwzp rilnak; mw;Gjf;$j;jh

mk;nghd;nra; mk;gyj; juNr

Vwzp nfhbnak; <rNdcd;idj;

njhz;lNdd; ,irAkh wpirNa.

jpUg;gy;yhz;L

rPUk; jpUTk; nghypar; rptNyhfehafd; Nrtbf; fPo;

MUk; ngwhj mwpTngw;Nwd; ngw;wJ Mu;ngWthu; cyfpy;

CUk; cyFk; fow cowp cik kzthsDf;fhl;

ghUk; tpRk;Gk; mwpAk; gupRehk; gy;yhz;L $WJNk.

ngupaGuhzk;

,wthj ,d;g md;G Ntz;bg;gpd; Ntz;L fpd;whu;

gpwthik Ntz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gpwg;Gz;Nly; cd;idvd;Wk;

kwthik Ntz;Lk; ,d;Dk; Ntz;Lk;ehd; kfpo;e;J ghb

mwtheP MLk; NghJd;mbapd;fPo; ,Uf;f vd;whu;.



33

jpUg;Gfo;

gpwtpaiy Mw;wpdpy; GFjhNj

gpufpUjp khu;f;fKw; miyahNj

cWjpFU thf;fpag; nghUshNy

cdJgj fhl;rpiaj; jUthNa

mWrka rhj;jpug; nghUNshNd

mwpTswpthu; Fzf; flNyhNd

FWKdptd; Vj;JKj; jkpNohNd

FkuFU fhu;j;jpifg; ngUkhNs

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

13. g+thQ;ryp

xU jl;by; g+Nth my;yJ g+tpjNoh vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;f. ,Wjpahf

kyu; mQ;ryp nra;a tpUk;GNthiu mioj;J xt;nthUtuhf tupirapy;

te;J kyupLk;gb Ntz;Lf. filrpahff; FLk;gj;jtiu kyuplr; nra;f.

fpupia nra;Ak; cupikahsiu rptngUkhid epide;J ,we;jtUila

capUf;F ew;fjp nfhLf;Fk;gb Ntz;b epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J tzq;Fk;gb

nra;f. (,t;Ntisapy; gl;bdj;jbfs; ghly;fis Xjy; nghUj;jkha;

,Uf;Fk;).

14. thaf;;fuprp ,ly;

jl;nlhd;wpy; gr;ir muprp vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;f. te;jpUf;Fk; cupikf;

fhuiu mioj;J> ,we;jtupd; Mj;kh kPz;Lk; gpwthik va;j Ntz;Lk;

vd;W Ntz;Ljy; nra;J clypd; thapy; rpwpjsT muprpia ,Lk;gb

nrhy;Yf. FLk;gj;jtu;fis Kjypy; ,lr; nra;J gpd;du; fpupia

nra;Ak; cupikahsiuf; filrpahf ,lr; nra;f. vy;NyhUk; tha;f;fuprp

,l;L Kbe;jgpd; Fk;gj;Jf;Fj; jPgk; fhl;b rptngUkhid Ntz;Ljy;

nra;J Fk;gj;ijf; fiyj;J epfo;r;rpia epiwT nra;f. gpd;du;

g+irf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jf.

15. ngl;b %Ljy;

,g;NghJ rlyj;jpy; cs;s eiffisf; fow;wp cupatu;fsplk;

nfhLf;Fk;gb nghWg;ghd xU cwtpduplk; gzpf;fTk;. eiffs;

fow;wg;gl;l gpd; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ff;Fg; nghWg;gha; cs;s tu;j;jf epiyag;

gpujpepjpaplk; ngl;bia %bg; gpuahzj;Jf;F Vw;wit nra;Ak;gb

Ntz;Lf. nfhs;spFlk;> CJgj;jp> neUg;Gg; ngl;b Kjypatw;iw fpupia

nra;Ak; cupikahsUld; gpNuj tz;bapy; gpuahzk; nra;tjw;F xOq;F

nra;f.



34

16. RLfhl;il miljy;

gpNuj thfdk; RLfhl;il mile;jJk;> ngl;bia ,wf;fp kz;lgj;Js;

itf;Fk;tiu jpUite;njOj;J ke;jpuj;ij XJf.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

Xk; ekr;rptha rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha

rptrpt rptrpt rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha

rptrpt rptrpt rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha.

Xk; ekr;rptha rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha

rptrpt rptrpt rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha

rptrpt rptrpt rptha ekXk;> rptha ekXk; ekr;rptha.

17. ngl;bia kz;lgj;Js; itj;jgpd; gQ;rGuhzk; XJf

Njthuk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

jd;idr; ruz; vd;Wjhs; mile;Njd; jd; mbailag;

Gd;idg; nghopy; GfY}u; mz;zy; nra;td Nfs;kpd;fNsh

vd;idg; gpwg;gWj;J vd;tpidf; fl;lWj;J Vo; eufj;J

vd;idf; fplf;f nthl;lhd; rpt Nyhfj; jpUj;jpLNk.

jpUthrfk;

Gd;Gyhy; ahf;if GiuGiu fdpag;

nghd;ndLq; Nfhapyhg; GFe;njd;

vd;ngyhk; cUf;fp vspiaaha; Mz;l

<rNd khrpyh kzpNa

Jd;gNk gpwg;Ng ,wg;nghL kaf;fhk;

njhlf;nfyhk; mWj;jew; NrhjP

,d;gNk cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;

vq;nfOe;J mUStjpdpNa.

jpUtpirg;gh

nrq;fzh Nghw;wp jpirKfh Nghw;wp

rptGu efUs; tPw;wpUe;j

mq;fzh Nghw;wp mkuNd Nghw;wp

mkuu;fs; jiytNd Nghw;wp

jq;fzhd; kiwE}y; rfyKq; fw;Nwhu;

rhl;baf; FbapUe; jUSk;

vq;fs; ehafNd Nghw;wp VopUf;if

,iwtNd Nghw;wpNa Nghw;wp.



35

jpUg;gy;yhz;L

ve;ij ve;jha; Rw;wKw;Wk;

vkf;FmKjhk; vk;gpuhd; vd;nwd;W

rpe;ij nra;Ak; rptd;rPu;

mbahu; mbeha; nrg;Giw

me;jkpy; Mde;jr; Nre;jd;

vidg;GFe; jhz;Lnfhz;L MUapu;Nky;

ge;jk; gpupag; gupe;jtNd

vd;W gy;yhz;L $WJNk.

ngupaGuhzk;

mz;zNy vd;id Mz;Lnfhz;lUspa mKNj

tpz;zpNy kiwe;J mUs;Gup NtjehafNd

fz;zpdhy; jpUf;fapiyapy; ,Ue;jepd; Nfhyk;

ez;zp ehd;njho eae;jUs;Gupnadg; gzpe;jhu;.

jpUg;Gfo;

,Utpidapd; kjp kaq;fpj; jpupahNj

vOeufpy; coY neQ;Rw; wiyahNj

gukFU mUs; epide;jpl; Lzu;thNy

guT jupridia vd;nwww; fUs;thNa

njupjkpio cjT rq;fg; GyNthNd

rptdUS KUf nrk;nghw; foNyhNd

fUiznewp GupAk; md;gu;f; nfspNahNd

fdfrig kUTfe;jg; ngUkhNs.

18. nfhs;spf; Flk; cilj;jy;

gQ;rGuhzk; Xjpa gpd;dH nfhs;spf; Flj;ijf; fpupia nra;Ak;

cupikahsupd; tyg;Gwj; Njhspy; itj;J ,lf;ifahy; Flj;ijg;

gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb nra;f. tyf;ifapNy CJgj;jpf; fl;ilf;

nfhOj;jpf; nfhLf;f. ,g;NghJ ngl;bia %d;W Kiw tyk; tUk;gb

nra;f. fhy;khl;by; ,Ue;J njhlq;fp xt;nthU KiwAk; njhlq;fpa

,lj;Jf;F tUk;NghJ> xU iff;fj;jpahy; Flj;jpy; jl;Lf. jl;Lk;NghJ

“Mir mWkpd;" vd;W cur;Jr; nrhy;Yf. %d;W KiwAk; Rw;wp te;j

gpddH;> Flj;ijr; rupj;J> mjpy; cs;s ePiu khtpiyahy; njhl;L

“rptj;ij milkpd;" vd;W cuj;J %d;W Kiwfs; nrhy;ypg; ngl;bapd;

Nky; njspj;J tpLf.

gpd;du; ghidiaAk; ePiuAk; gpwpnjhUtuplk; nfhLj;J

kz;lgj;Jf;F ntspNa cilf;fr; nra;f. mg;gb cilj;j XLfis



36

mg;Gwg;gLj;jp tpLf. nfhs;spf;Fl ePiuj; njspj;j gpd;dH> cupikahsu;

ifapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; CJgj;jp neUg;igg; ngl;bapd; Nky; itf;fr;;

nra;J tpl;Lj; jpUk;gpg; ghuhky; kz;lgj;J thapYf;Fr; nrd;W epw;Fk;gb

nra;f. ngl;biaf; fhsthapy; ,Lfpd;w fUkj;ijg; nghWg;ghapUf;Fk;

tu;j;jf jhgdj;jplk; tpl;LtpLf. ,g;NghJ gpd;tUk; ghly;fisg; ghbf;

fpupiaia epiwT nra;f.

Kd;id ,l;ljP Kg;Guj;jpNy

gpd;id ,l;ljP njd;dpyq;ifapNy

md;id ,l;ljP mbtapw; wpNy

ahDk; ,l;ljP %o;f%o;fNt.

Cd; mile;j clk;gpd; gpwtpNa

jhd; mile;j cWjpiar; rhUkhy;

Njd; mile;j kyu;g;nghopy; jpy;iyAs;

kh elQ;nra; tuju;nghw; jhs;njho.

19. rhk;gy; fiuj;jy;

kahdg; nghWg;ghsu; rhk;giyj; jUk; ehis mwpe;J mijg; ngw;W>

mq;fpUe;Nj xU MW my;yJ fly; epiyia mile;J fpupia nra;j

cupikahsiuf; nfhz;L ePupy; rhk;giyf; fiuj;J tpLf. ePupy;

fiuf;Fk; NghJ gpd;tUk; jpUg;ghly;fisg; ghLf.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

GOtha;g; gpwf;fpDk; Gz;zpah cd;db vd;kdj;Nj

tOth jpUf;f tue;ju Ntz;Lk;,t; itafj;Nj

njhOthu;f;F ,uq;fp ,Ue;jUs; nra;ghjpupg; Gypa+u;

nrOePug; Gdw;fq;if nrQ;ril Nky;itj;j jPtz;zNd.

vz;ZNfd; vd;nrhy;yp vz;Z NfNdh

vk;ngUkhd; jpUtbia vz;zpd; my;yhy;

fz;zpNyd; kw;Nwhu; fisf zpNyd;

foybNa ifnjhOJ fhzpdy;yhy;

xz;ZNs xd;gJ thry; itj;jha;

xf;f milf;Fk; NghJ czukhl;Nld;

Gz;zpah cd;dbf;Nf NghJ fpd;Nwd;

g+k; GfY}u; Nktpa Gz;zpaNd.

Kbrhu;e;j kd;dUk; kw;WKs;shUk; KbtpnyhU

gpbrhk;guha; nte;J kz;zhtJq; fz;Lk; ,e;jg;

gbrhu;e;j tho;it epidg;gjy;yhy; nghd;dk;gytu;

mbrhu;e;J ca;tnkd;W mwpthu; ,y;iyNa.



37

cynfyhk; czu;e;J Xjw; fupatd;

epyTyhtpa ePu; kyp Ntzpad;

myfpy; Nrhjpad; mk;gyj; jhLthd;

kyu; rpyk;gb tho;j;jp tzq;Fthk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

20. Rliyapy; ,Ue;J tPL jpUk;Gjy;

fpupia nra;j cupikahsu; tPL jpUk;gpaJk; thrypNy xU

cyf;ifNah my;yJ fupf;fl;bahy; fPwg;gl;l Nfhl;ilNah jhz;br;

nry;Yk;gb nra;f. mg;gbNa Fspay; miwf;Fr; nrd;W> KOfpj; J}a

Mil mzpe;J jpUePW jupj;J tUk;gb nra;f. tPl;by; cs;s vy;NyhUk;

Njha;e;J> Fspj;J> tPl;ilf; $l;bj; Jg;GuT nra;J rhk;gpuhzpg;

GifapLf.

21. ePu; itj;J tpsf;F Vw;wy;

tPl;by; trjpahd xU ,lj;jpy; (,we;jtu; ,Ue;j miwNah> my;yJ

tuNtw;G miwNah> vJthapDk; ghjfkpy;iy) xU Fj;Jtpsf;if Vw;wp>

mjdUNf xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; jz;zPu; epiwj;J itf;fTk;. (nrk;Gk;

jz;zPUk;) ,we;J Kg;gj;njhU ehl;fs; tiu ,e;j tpsf;if khiyapy;

Vw;wpg; GJ ePu; itj;Jf; fhiyapy; mizj;J tpLf.

22. cupikf; fQ;rp fha;r;Rjy;

Kw;fhyj;jpy;> ,we;jtupd; cly; RLfhl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; tiu

tPl;by; jhd; itf;fg;gLtJ tof;fk;. jw;fhyj;ijg; Nghy tu;j;jf

epiyaq;fSf;Nfh md;wp NtW ,lq;fSf;Nfh vLj;Jr; nry;tjpy;iy.

MfNt jhd; ,we;jTld; $ba tpiutpy; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffisr; nra;J>

,uz;nlhU ehl;fspy; gpNujj;ij vLj;J tpLthu;fs;. gpNujk; tPl;by;

,Uf;Fk; tiu> rpWtu; cz;gjhdhYk;> maytu;fs; jk;tPLfSf;F

mioj;Jr; nrd;W cz;z itg;ghu;fNs jtpu> gpNujk; tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk;

tiu mLg;G %l;l mDkjpf;f khl;lhu;fs;. fpupia nra;j cupikahsu;

tPL jpUk;gpa gpd;du; jhd; tPl;by; mLg;G %l;Lthu;fs;. mg;gb %l;lg;gl;l

mLg;gpy; Kjypy; fQ;rp fha;r;Rthu;fs;. me;jf; fQ;rpapy; rpwpjsT xU

ghj;jpuj;jpy;> vtUk; vr;rpy;gLj;Jk; Kd;du; vLj;Jj; jz;zPUk; Fj;J

tpsf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; itg;ghu;fs;. mjd; gpd;du; kPjpahf cs;s

fQ;rpia cwtpdu;> ez;gu;;fs; midtUf;Fk; Fbf;ff; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.

mt;tplj;jpNy mNefkhf ,we;jtupd; neUq;fpa nrhe;jf;fhuNu

epw;ghu;fs;. mjdhy; ,f;fQ;rpia cupikf; fQ;rp vd;W nrhy;thu;fs;.

,jd; gpd;du; jhd; tPl;bNy rikay; nra;a mDkjpg;ghu;fs;.

Mdhy; ,drdf; fl;L epiwe;j FLk;gq;fspNy; Kg;gj;njhU ehl;fSk;



38

rikay; nra;a khl;lhu;fs;. ,drdj;jtu;fs; ,e;j Kg;gj;njhU

ehl;fSk; czTg; gz;lq;fisf; nfhz;Lte;J nfhLj;jgbNa

,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,jidg; gl;bdpg; gz;lk; nfhLj;jy; vd;gu;. ,e;j tof;fk;

jw;fhyj;jpy; Njitapy;iy. mJ mUfpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ.

23. ,we;j capUf;fhfg; gilj;jy;

,e;j tof;fk; jkpou;fspilNa neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ.

irtrkaf; nfhs;ifapd;gb ghu;j;jhy; ,we;j capu; gpwthik va;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj midtuJ tpUg;gKkhFk;. mjw;fhfj;jhd;

,Wjpr;rlq;fpy;> capu; gpwthik va;Jk; fjpiar; nrd;wila Ntz;Lk;

vd;W fw;gidahfTk;> xg;gidahfTk; fpupiafisr; nra;fpwhu;fs;.

mg;gb ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> neLq;fhykhf capUf;nfdg; gilg;gJ>

nfhs;iff;F KuzhdJ. vdNt ,e;j tof;fj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW

Fiwj;J tUfpwhu;fs;.

1. cupikf; fQ;rp itj;j gpd;dH 31Mk; ehs; tiu jz;zPu; kl;LNk

itg;gJ.

2. vl;Lr; nrytpd;gpd; (,we;J 8Mk; ehs;tiu) 31Mk; ehs; tiu ePiuj;

jtpu NtnwJTk; itg;gjpy;iy.

3. 31 ehl;fs; Kbe;j gpd;dH Fj;Jtpsf;F Vw;WtJk; ,y;iy ePu;

itg;gJk; ,y;iy.

4. ,we;j jpdj;jpy; tUlj;jpy; xU Kiw czT gilj;jy;.

5. tUle;NjhWk; ,we;j jpdj;jpy;> ,we;jtupd; epidthf VjhtJ mwr;

nray;fis tpsk;guk; ,y;yhJ nra;jy;.

Nkw;fz;l Ie;J Kiwapy; vJ rup vd;W FLk;gj;jtu;fSf;Fg; gLfpwNjh

mijr; nra;tJ cj;jkk;.

24. vl;Lr; nryT

,we;jtupd; capu; gpupe;j vl;L ehl;fs; fzf;fpl;L> vl;lhtJ ehs; ,e;jr;

rlq;ifr; nra;tJ tof;fk;. md;iwa jpdk; tPl;ilf; fOtpj; Jg;GuT

nra;J> cupikf;fhuu; midtUk; Fspj;J KOfp> ,we;jtu; cz;l

czTg; nghUs;fs; midj;ijAk; rikg;ghu;fs;. epide;J epide;J

xd;Wk; tplhky; czTg; gz;lq;fisr; Nrfupg;ghu;fs;. ,we;jtUf;F

vd;d gof;fq;fs; ,Ue;jdNth me;jg; gof;fj;Jf;F cupa nghUl;fis

vy;yhk; Nrfupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;. gpd;du; md;wpuT ,we;jtupd; Mil

mzpfs;> mtu; Kf;fpakhfg; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs;fs; midj;ijAk; xU

fjpiu Nky; itj;J> Ms; mku;e;J ,Ug;gJNghy; ghtid nra;J

tpLthu;fs;. mjd;Kd; rikj;j czTfisg; gilg;ghu;fs;. gpd;du;



39

fw;g+uk; nfhOj;jpg; gQ;rGuhzk; XJtu;. ,jid FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s

taJ Kjpu;e;jtu; nra;tu;. ,g;gbr; nra;Ak;NghJ gQ;rGuhzk; Xjp Kbe;j

gpd;dH> g+Tk; ePUk; vLj;J cztpy; njspj;J> “cz;b Mirnay;yhk

xopf" vd;W %d;W Kiw nrhy;tJ ey;yJ. ,jd; gpd;du; mq;F

gilf;fg;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fis cupikf;fhuu; midtUk; gfpu;e;J

cz;gJ tof;fk;.

,we;jtupd; capu; xUfhy; ,d;Dk; ew;fjpapy; nry;yhky; ,Ug;gpd;>

,e;j czT tifapd; mthnty;yhk; xope;J ew;fjp mila

Ntz;Lnkd;gNj ,g;gilaypd; Nehf;fk; vd;W fUj Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;j

itgtj;ij ,we;jtupd; kpf neUq;fpa cwtpdNuhL kl;Lk; itj;Jf;

nfhs;tJ ey;yJ.

25. ,we;jtupd; epidthfr; nra;Ak; mwr; nray;fs;

vl;Lr; nryNthL> ,we;j capUf;fhf czT gilj;jiy tpl;L

tpLNthUk; csu;. Kg;gj;njhU ehl;fs; kl;Lk;> khiyapy; jpUKiwfs;

Xjpte;J> Kg;gj;njhuhk; ehs; tPl;ilj; Jg;GuT nra;J ePuhbf; Nfhapy;

nrd;W Fk;gpl;L tPLjpUk;gp> cw;whu; cwtpdiu mioj;J ,we;jtupd;

Gifg;glj;ijj; jpiuePf;fk; nra;J> jpUKiwfs; XJtJ cj;jkk;.

“fy;ntl;L" kyu; ntspapl tpUk;GNthu; mij ntspapl;L md;iwa

jpdj;jd;W> cw;whu; cwtpdNuhL irt czT cz;L epiwT nra;jy;

Ntz;lj;jf;fJ.

Mz;L NjhWk; mtu; ,we;j epidthf> ,we;j jpdj;jd;W VjhtJ

mwr;nray;fis tpsk;guk; ,y;yhJ nra;tJ cj;jkk;. ,t;tplj;jpy;>

“njd;Gyj;jhu; nja;tk; tpUe;njhf;fy; jhndd;W Ik;Gyj;J MWXk;gy; jiy"

vd;w ts;Stu; thf;iff; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. “njd;Gyj;jhu;" vd;gtu;fs; ek;Kila %jhijau; vd;W ehk; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mtu;fSila

epidT vkf;F vf;fhyj;Jk; Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fSf;fhf my;y> vkf;fhf.

mtu;fs; fhl;ba Kd;khjpupfisg; gpd;gw;wp ey;tho;T tho>

mtu;fSila epidT vkf;F Ntz;Lk;. me;j epidit kdjpw;

nfhz;L> ehk; ey;y Kiwapy; tho;tjw;F milahskhf

mwr;nray;fisr; nra;tNj vk;ik tpl;Lg; gpupe;j capu;fSf;F ehk;

nra;Ak; ed;wpf; fldhFk;.



40

,Wjpr; rlq;Ff; fhyq;fspy; Xjj;jf;f

jpUKiwg; ghly;fSk; gpwTk;

1. jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; Njthuk; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

Gyide;Jk; nghwpfyq;fp newpkaq;fp

mwptope;jpl;L INky; ce;jp

myke;j Nghjhf mQ;Nrnyd;W

mUs;nra;thd; mkUq; Nfhapy;

tyk;te;j klthu;fs; elkhl

Kotjpu kionad;W mQ;rp

rpyke;jp myke;J kuNkwp

Kfpy;ghu;f;Fe; jpUit ahNw.

je;ijahu; Nghapdhu; jhahUk; Nghapdhu; jkUk; Nghthu;

nfhe;jNty; nfhz;nlhU $w;wj;jhu; ghu;f;fpd;whu; nfhz;L Nghthu;

ve;jehs; tho;tjw;Nf kdk; itj;jha; Vio neQ;Nr

me;jz; M&u;njhOJ ca;ayhk; ikay;nfhz;L mQ;ry; neQ;Nr.

tho;e;j ehSk; ,dpthSehSk; ,it mwpe;jpNuy;

tPo;e;jehnsk; ngUkhid Vj;jhjtpjp ,y;yPu;fhs;

Ngho;e;jjpq;fl; Guprilapdhd; jd; GfY}iuNa

#o;e;jTs;sk; cilaPu;fs; cq;fs; Jau;jPUNk.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

2. jpUehTf;furu; Njthuk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

clk;ngDk; kidafj;Js; cs;sNk jfsp ahf

klk;gLk; czu;nea; ml;b capnuDk; jpupkaf;fp

,lk;gLk; Qhdj;jPahy; vjpu;nfhs ,Ue;J Nehf;fpy;

flk;gku; fhis jhij foyb fhzyhNk.

<d;whSkha; vdf; nfe;ijAkha; cld;Njhd;wpduha;

%d;wha; cyfk; gilj;Jfe;jhd; kdj;Js; ,Uf;f

Vd;jhd; ,katu;f; fd;gd; jpUg; ghjpupg;Gypa+u;j;

Njhd;whj; Jizaha; ,Ue;jdd; jd;db Nahq;fSf;Nf.



41

J}z;L Rluida Nrhjp fz;lha;

njhy;ykuu; #oh kzpjhd; fz;lha;

fhz;lw; fupa flTs; fz;lha;

fUJthu;f; fhw;w vspahd; fz;lha;

Ntz;Lthu; Ntz;LtNj <thd; fz;lha;

nka;e;newp fz;lha; tpuj nkyhk;

khz;l kdj;jhu; kdj;jhd; fz;lha;

kiwf;fhl; LiwAk; kzhsd; jhNd.

fs;sp KJfhl;b yhb fz;lha;

fhyidAq; fhyhw; fle;jhd; fz;lha;

Gs;sp Aiokhdpd; Njhyhd; fz;lha;

GypAupNru; Milg; Gdpjd; fz;lha;

nts;spkpspu; gpiwKbNkw; #b fz;lha;

ntz;zPw;whd; fz;lha; ek; nre;jpy;Nka

ts;sp kzhsw;Fj; jhij fz;lha;

kiwf;fhl; LiwAk; kzhsd; jhNd.

Iapdhy; kplwilg;Gz;L Mf;if tpl;L

Mtpahu; NghtJNk mfj;jhu; $b

ikapdhw; fz;nzOjp khiy #l;b

kahdj; jpLtjd;Kd; kjpaQ; #Lk;

Iadhu;f; fhshfp md;G kpf;F

mfq;Fioe;J nka;aUk;gp mbfs; ghjq;

ifapdhw; njhOkbahu; neQ;rp Ds;Ns

fd;whg;g+u; eLjwpiaf; fhzyhNk.

vj;jhahu; vj;je;ij vr;Rw; wj;jhu;

vk;khL Rk;khlhk; Vtu; ey;yhu;

nrj;jhy;te; JjTthu; xUtu; ,y;iy

rpWtpwfhy; jP%l;br; nry;yh epw;gu;

rpj;jha Ntlj;jha; ePL nghd;dpj;

jpUthidf; fhTila nry;th vd;wd;

mj;jhTd; nghw;ghjk; milag; ngw;why;

my;yfz;lq; nfhz;lbNad; vd;nra; NfNd.

Cdhfp capuhfp ajDs; epd;w

czu;thfpg; gpwtidj;Jk; ePaha; epd;wha;

ehNdJk; mwpahNk nad;Ds; te;J

ey;ydTe; jPadTq; fhl;lh epd;wha;



42

NjdhUq; nfhd;iwaNd epd;wp Cuha;

jpUthidf; fhtpYiw rptNd Qhdk;

MdhAd; nghw;ghjk; milag; ngw;why;

my;yfz;lq; nfhz;lbNad; vd;nra; NfNd.

nghd;dhu; jpUtbf;F xd;Wz;L tpz;zg;gk; Nghw;wpnra;Ak;

vd;dhtp fhg;gjw;F ,r;irAz;Nly; ,Uq;$w;W mfy

kpd;dhUk; %tpiyr;#yk; vd;Nkw;nghwp NkT nfhz;ly;

Jd;dhu; fle;ijAs; J}q;fhik khlr; Rlu;f;nfhOe;Nj.

gw;wpepd;w ghtq;fs; ghw;w Ntz;bd;

gufjpf;Fr; nry;tnjhU gupR Ntz;bd;

Rw;wpepd;w #o;tpidfs; tPo;f;f Ntz;by;

nrhy;YNfd; Nfs;neQ;Nr JQ;rh tz;zk;

cw;wtUk; cWJizAk; ePNa nad;Wk;

cd;iday;yhy; xUnja;tk; cs;Nfd; vd;Wk;

Gw;wutf; fr;rhu;e;j Gdpjh ntd;Wk;

nghopy; M&uhvd;Nw Nghw;wh epy;Ny.

vz;ZNfd; vd;nrhy;yp vz;Z NfNdh

vk;ngUkhd; jpUtbNa vz;zpd; my;yhy;

fz;zpNyd; kw;Nwhu; fisfz; ,y;Nyd;

foybNa ifnjhOJ fhzpd; my;yhy;

xz;ZNs xd;gJ thry; itj;jha;

xf;f milf;Fk; NghJ czukhl;Nld;

Gz;zpah cd;dbf;Nf NghJ fpd;Nwd;

g+k;GfY}u; Nktpa Gz;zp aNd.

njUshjhu; %ntapYk; jPapy; Nttj;

rpiytisj;Jr; nrq;fizahy; nrw;w NjNt

kUshjhu; jk;kdj;jpy; thl;le; jPu;g;gha;

kUe;jhag; gpzpjPu;g;gha; thNdhu;f; nfd;Wk;

mUshfp Mjpaha; Ntj khfp

myu;Nkyhd; ePu;Nkyhd; Ma;e;Jk; fhzhg;

nghUshtha; cd;dbf;Nf NghJ fpd;Nwd;

g+k;GfY}u; Nktpa Gz;zp aNd.

fhaNk Nfhapy; Mff; fbkdk; mbik ahf

tha;ikNa J}a;ikahf kdkzp ,ypq;fk; Mf

NeaNk nea;Ak; gyh epiwaePu; mika Ml;b

g+rid <rdhu;f;Fg; Nghw;wtpf; fhl;b NdhNk.



43

je;ijahu; jhahu; cld; gpwe;jhu;

jhukhu; Gj;jpuuhu; jhe;jhk; MNu

te;jth nwq;fNd Nghkh NwNjh

khakhk; ,jw;NfJk; kfpo Ntz;lhk;

rpe;ijaPu; ckf;nfhd;W nrhy;yf; Nfs;kpd;

jpfo;kjpAk; thsuTe; jpisf;FQ; nrd;dp

ve;ijahu; jpUehkk; ekr;rp tha

vd;wOthu;f; fpUtpRk;gpy; ,Uf;f yhNk.

khjh gpjhthfp kf;f shfp

kwpflYk; khy;tpRk;Gk; jhNd ahfpf;

Nfhjh tpupaha;f; Fkup ahfpf;

nfhy;Gypj;Njhy; Milf; Fof dhfpg;

Nghjha; kyu;nfhz;L Nghw;wp epd;W

Gidthu; gpwg;gWf;Fk; Gdpj dhfpj;

Njthjp Njtu; KjY khfpr;

nrOQ;Rluhar; nrd;wbfs; epd;w thNw.

ehkhu;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; ekid mQ;Nrhk;

eufj;jpy; ,lu;g;gNlhk; eliy ,y;Nyhk;

Vkhg;Nghk; gpzpawpNahk; gzpNthk; my;Nyhk;

,d;gNk ve;ehSk; Jd;gk; ,y;iy

jhku;f;Fk; Fbay;yhj; jd;ik ahd

rq;fud;ew; rq;fntz; FioXu; fhjpw;

Nfhkhw;Nf ehnkd;Wk; kPoh Msha;f;

nfha;kyu;r; NrtbapizNa Fwfp NdhNk.

gz;L nra;j gotpidapd; gad;

fz;Lq; fz;Lq; fspj;jpfhz; neQ;rNk

tz;L yhkyu;r; nrQ;ril Vfk;gd;

njhz;ldha; jpupaha; Jau; jPuNt.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



44

3. Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu; Njthuk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

rhjYk; gpwj;jYk; jtpu;j;njid tFj;Jj;

jd;dUs; je;jvk; jiytid kiyapd;

khjpid kjpj;jq;Nfhu; ghy;nfhz;l kzpia

tUGdy; rilapil itj;j vk;khid

Vjpnyd; kdj;Jf;Nfhu; ,Uk;Gz;l ePiu

vz;tif xUtid vq;fs; gpuhid

fhjpy;ntz; Fioahidf; fly;nfhs kpje;j

fOky tsefu;f; fz;Lnfhz; NlNd.

kw;nwhU Jizapdp kWikf;Fq; fhNzd;

tUe;j Yw;Nwd; kwthtuk; ngw;Nwd;

Rw;wpa Rw;wKk; Jiznad;W fUNjd;

Jiznad;W ehd;njhog; gl;lntz; fhliu

Kj;jpAk; QhdKk; thdtu; mwpah

KiwKiw gygy newpfSq; fhl;bf;

fw;gid fw;gpj;j flTis mbNad;

fOky tsefu; fz;Lnfhz; NlNd.

nrj;jNghjpdpy; Kd;dpd;W ek;ikr;

rpyu;fs; $br;rpupg;gjd; Kd;dk;

itj;j rpe;ijAz;Nl kdKz;Nl

kjpAz;Nl tpjpapd; gaDz;Nl

Kj;jndq;fs; gpuhnds;W thNdhu;

njhoepd;w jpkpNyWil ahid

mj;jd; ve;ijgpuhd; vk;gpuhid

M&uhid kwf;fY khNk.

XTehs; czu;topAk; ehs; capu; NghFk; ehs;cau; ghilNky;

fhTehs; ,it vd;wyhw; fUNjd; fpsu; Gdw; fhtpup

ghTjz; Gdy; te;jpop guQ; Nrhjp ghz;bf; nfhLKb

ehtyh cid ehd; kwf;fpDk; nrhy;Yk; ehekr;rp thaNt.

me;j zhsd;cd; milf;fyk; GFj

mtidf; fhg;gJ fhuz khf

te;j fhyd;jd; MUapu; mjid

tt;tpdha;f;F ce;jd; td;ikfz;L mbNad;



45

ve;ij ePvid ekd;jku; eypapd;

,td;kw; nwd;db ahndd tpyf;FQ;

rpe;ijahy; ce;jd; jpUtb mile;Njd;

nrOk; nghopy; jpUg;Gd;$u; cshNd.

eiug;G %g;nghL gpzptUk; ,d;Nd

ed;wp apy;tpidNa Jzpe;J va;j;Njd;

miuj;j kQ;rs jhtij mwpe;Njd;

mQ;rpNdd; ekdhu; mtu; jk;ik

ciug;gd; ehd;cd; Nrtb Nru

czUk; tho;f;ifia xd;wwp ahj

,iug;gNd Df;Nfhu; ca;tif mUsha;

,ilk UJiw ve;ij gpuhNd.

Ke;jpr; nra;tpid ,k;ikf;fz; eypa

%u;f;f dhfpf; fope;jd fhyk;

rpe;jpj;Nj kdk; itf;fTk; khl;Nld;

rpWr;rpwpNj ,ug;ghu;fl;L xd;W <Nad;

me;jp ntz;gpiw #Lk; vk;khNd

M&u; Nktpa mkuu;fs; jiyth

ve;ij ePvdf;F ca;tif mUsha;

,ilk UJiw ve;ij gpuhNd.

ke;jpuk; xd;wwpNad; kidtho;f;if kfpo;e;jbNad;

Re;ju Ntlq;fshy; JupNrnrAk; njhz;ld;vd;id

me;ju khy;tpRk;gpy; mofhid mUs;Gupe;j

Je;ju NkhneQ;rNk nehbj;jhd;kiy cj;jkNd.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



46

4. khzpf;fthrfH mUspa jpUthrfk;

4.1 rptGuhzk;;;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk ;

njhy;iy ,Uk;gpwtpr; #Ok; jisePf;fp

my;yy; mWj;J Mde;jkhf;fpaNj - vy;iy

kUth newpaspf;Fk; thjT+u; vq;Nfhd;

jpUthrfk; vd;Dk; Njd;.

ekr;rptha tho;f ehjd;jhs; tho;f

,ikg;nghOJk; vd;neQ;rpy; ePq;fhjhd; jhs;tho;f

Nfhfop Mz;l FUkzpjd; jhs;tho;f

Mfkk; Mfpepd;W mz;zpg;ghd; jhs;tho;f

Vfd; mNefd; ,iwtd; mbtho;f

Ntfq; nfLj;jhz;l Nte;jdb nty;f

gpwg;gWf;Fk; gpQ;Qfd;wd; nga;foy;fs; nty;f

Gwj;jhu;f;Fr; NrNahd;wd; g+q;foy;fs; nty;f

fuq;Ftpthu; cs;kfpOk; Nfhd;foy;fs; nty;f

rpuq;Ftpthu; Xq;Ftpf;Fk; rPNuhd;foy;; nty;f

<rdb Nghw;wp ve;ijab Nghw;wp

Njrdb Nghw;wp rptd;Nrtb Nghw;wp

Neaj;Nj epd;w epkydb Nghw;wp

khag; gpwg;gWf;Fk; kd;ddb Nghw;wp

rPuhu; ngUe;Jiwee; Njtdb Nghw;wp

Muhj ,d;gk; mUSkiy Nghw;wp

rptdtd; vd;rpe;ijAs; epd;w mjdhy;

mtd; mUshNy mtd;jhs; tzq;fp

rpe;ij kfpor; rptGuhzk; jd;id

Ke;ij tpidKOJk; Xa ciug;gdpahd;

fz;Zjyhd; jd;fUizf; fz;fhl;l te;nja;jp

vz;Zjw; nfl;lh vopyhu;foy; ,iwQ;rp

tpz;zpiwe;J kz;zpiwe;J kpf;fha; tpsq;nfhspaha;

vz;zpwe; njy;iy ,yhjhNd epd;ngUQ;rPu;

nghy;yh tpidNad; GfOkhW xd;wwpNad;

Gy;yhfpg; g+lha;g; GOtha; kukhfpg;

gy;tpUf khfpg; gwitaha;g; ghk;ghfpf;



47

fy;yha; kdpjuha;g; Ngaha;f; fzq;fsha;

ty;yRuu; Mfp Kdptuha;j; Njtuha;r;

nry;yhm epd;w,j; jhtu rq;fkj;Js;

vy;yhg; gpwg;Gk; gpwe;jpisj;Njd; vk;ngUkhd;

nka;NaAd; nghd;dbfs; fz;bd;W tPLw;Nwd;

ca;avd; cs;sj;Js; Xq;fhukha; epd;w

nka;ah tpkyh tpilg;ghfh Ntjq;fs;

Iahvd Xq;fp Mo;e;jfd;w Ez;zpaNd

nta;aha; jzpaha; ,akhd dhk;tpkyh

ngha;ahapd vy;yhk; Nghafy te;jUsp

nka;Q;Qhdk; Mfp kpspu;fpd;w nka;r;RlNu

vQ;Qhdk; ,y;yhNjd; ,d;gg; ngUkhNd

mQ;Qhdk; jd;id mfy;tpf;Fk; ey;ywpNt

Mf;fk; mstpWjp ,y;yha; midj;JyFk;

Mf;Ftha; fhg;gha; mopg;gha; mUs;jUtha;

Nghf;Ftha; vd;idg; GFtpg;gha; epd;njhOk;gpd;

ehw;wj;jpd; Neupaha; Nraha; ezpahNd

khw;w kdq;fopa epd;w kiwNahNd

fwe;jghy; fd;dnyhL nea;fye;jhw; Nghyr;

rpwe;jbahu; rpe;jidAs; NjD}wp epd;W

gpwe;j gpwg;gWf;Fk; vq;fs; ngUkhd;

epwq;fs; Xu;Ie;Jilaha; tpz;Nzhu;fs; Vj;j

kiwe;jpUe;jha; vk;ngUkhd; ty;tpidNad; jd;id

kiwe;jpl %ba kha ,Uis

mwk;ghtk; vd;Dk; mUq;fapw;whw; fl;bg;

Gwe;Njhy; Nghu;j;njq;Fk; GOtOf;F %b

kyk;NrhUk; xd;gJ thapw; Fbiy

kyq;fg; Gyide;Jk; tQ;ridiar; nra;a

tpyq;F kdj;jhy; tpkyh cdf;Ff;

fye;j md;ghfpf; frpe;J cs;cUFk;

eye;jhd; ,yhj rpwpNaw;F ey;fp

epye;jd;Nky; te;jUsp ePs;foy;fs; fhl;b

ehapw; filaha;;f; fple;j mbNaw;Fj;

jhapw; rpwe;j jahthd jj;JtNd

khrw;w Nrhjp kyu;e;j kyu;r;RlNu

NjrNd Njdhu; mKNj rptGuNd

ghrkhk; gw;wWj;Jg; ghupf;Fk; MupaNd



48

Ner mUs;Gupe;J neQ;rpy; tQ;rq;nfl

NguhJ epd;w ngUq;fUizg; NguhNw

Muh mKNj mstpyhg; ngk;khNd

Xuhjhu; cs;sj;Js; xspf;Fk; xspahNd

ePuha; cUf;fpnad; MUapuha; epd;whNd

,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; ,y;yhNd cs;shNd

md;gUf;F md;gNd ahitAkhk; my;iyAkhk;

NrhjpaNd Jd;dpUNs Njhd;whg; ngUikaNd

MjpaNd me;jk; eLthfp my;yhNd

<u;j;njd;id Ml;nfhz;l ve;ij ngUkhNd

$u;j;j nka;Q;Qhdj;jhy; nfhz;Lzu;thu; jq;fUj;jpd;

Nehf;fupa Nehf;Nf EZf;fupa Ez;Zzu;Nt

Nghf;Fk; tuTk; Gzu;Tkpyhg; Gz;zpaNd

fhf;Fk;vq; fhtyNd fhz;gupa NgnuhspNa

Mw;wpd;g nts;sNk mj;jhkpf; fha;epd;w

Njhw;wr; Rlnuhspaha;r; nrhy;yhj Ez;Zzu;tha;

khw;wkhk; itafj;jpd; ntt;NtNw te;jwpthk;

Njw;wNd Njw;wj; njspNtvd; rpe;jidAs;

Cw;whd cz;zhu; mKNj cilahNd

Ntw;W tpfhu tplf;Flk;gpd; cl;fplg;g

Mw;Nwd; vk;Iah muNdNah vd;nwd;W

Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jpUe;J ngha;nfl;L nka;ahdhu;

kPl;bq;F te;J tpidg;gpwtp rhuhNk

fs;sg; Gyf;Fuk;igf; fl;lopf;f ty;yhNd

es;spUspy; el;lk; gapd;whLk; ehjNd

jpy;iyAl; $j;jNd njd;ghz;b ehl;lhNd

my;yw; gpwtp mWg;ghNd Xntd;W

nrhy;yw; fupahidr; nrhy;ypj; jpUtbf;fPo;r;

nrhy;ypa ghl;bd; nghUSzu;e;J nrhy;Ythu;

nry;tu; rptGuj;jpd; cs;shu; rptdbf;fPo;g;

gy;NyhUk; Vj;jg; gzpe;J. jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



49

4.2 Nfhapy; jpUg;gjpfk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

khwpepd;W vd;id kaf;fpLk; tQ;rk;

Gyd;Ie;jpd; topmilj;J mKNj

Cwpepd;W vd;Ds; vOguQ; Nrhjp

cs;sth fhzte; jUsha;

Njwypd; njspNt rptngU khNd

jpUg;ngUe; JiwAiw rptNd

<wpyhg; gjq;fs; ahitAk; fle;j

,d;gNk vd;Dil md;Ng.

md;gpdhy; mbNad; MtpNahL Mf;if

Mde;j kha;f;frpe;J cUf

vd;guk; my;yh ,d;dUs; je;jha;

ahd; ,jw;F ,Nyndhu; ifk;khW

Kd;Gkha;g; gpd;Gk; KOJkha;g; gue;j

Kj;jNd Kbtpyh KjNy

njd;ngUe; Jiwaha; rptngU khNd

rPUilr; rptGuj;J miuNr.

miurNd md;gu;f;F mbaNd Dila

mg;gNd MtpnahL Mf;if

GiuGiu fdpag; GFe;Jepd;W cUf;fpg;

ngha;,Us; fbe;jnka;r; RlNu

jpiunghuh kd;Dk; mKjj;njz; flNy

jpUg;ngUe; Jiwciw rptNd

ciuAzu;T ,we;Jepd;W czu;tNjhu; czu;Nt

ahDd;id ciuf;FkhW czu;j;Nj.

czu;e;j khKdptu; ck;gNuhL xope;jhu;

czu;Tf;Fk; njupT mUk;nghUNs

,zq;fpyp vy;yh capu;fl;Fk; capNu

vidg; gpwg;gWf;Fk; vk;kUe;Nj

jpzpe;jNjhu; ,Uspy; njspe;j J}ntspNa


Fzq;fs;jhk; ,y;yh ,d;gNk cd;idf;

FWfpNdw;F ,dpnad;d FiwNa.



50

Fiwtpyh epiwNt Nfhjpyh mKNj

<wpyhf; nfhOQ;Rlu;f; Fd;Nw

kiwAkha; kiwapd; nghUSkha; te;njd;

kdj;jpil kd;dpa kd;Nd

rpiwngwh ePu;Nghy; rpe;ijtha;g; ghAk;


,iwtNd ePvd; clyplk; nfhz;lha;

,dpAd;id vd;dpuf; NfNd.

,ue;jpue;J cUf vd;kdj; Js;Ns

vOfpd;w NrhjpNa ,ikNahu;

rpue;jdpw; nghypAk; fkyr; Nrtbaha;


epue;ju Mfhak; ePu;epyk; jPfhy;

Mait my;iyaha; Mq;Nf

fue;jNjhu; cUNt fspj;jdd; cd;idf;

fz;Zwf; fzLnfhz; bd;Nw.

,d;nwdf;F mUsp ,Us;fbe;J cs;sj;J

vOfpd;w QhapNw Nghd;W

epd;wepd; jd;ik epidg;gw epide;Njd;

ePmyhy; gpwpJkw;W ,d;ik

nrd;Wnrd;W mZtha;j; Nja;e;JNja;e;J xd;whk;


xd;WeP my;iymd;wp xd;wpy;iy

ahUd;id mwpafpw; ghNu.

ghu;gjk; mz;lk; midj;Jkha; Kisj;Jg;

gue;jNjhu; glnuhspg; gug;Ng

ePu;cW jPNa epidtNjy; mupa

epd;kyh epd;dUs; nts;sr;

rPu;cW rpe;ij vOe;jNjhu; NjNd


ahu;cwT vdf;fpq;F Muay; cs;shu;

Mde;jk; Mf;Fk;vd; Nrhjp.

Nrhjpaha;j; Njhd;Wk; cUtNk mUthk;

xUtNd nrhy;Yjw;F mupa

MjpNa eLNt me;jNk ge;jk;

mWf;Fk; Mde;jkh flNy



51

jPjpyh ed;ikj; jpUtUl; Fd;Nw


ahJeP NghtNjhu; tifvdf;F mUsha;

te;Jepd; ,izab je;Nj.

je;jJ cd;jd;idf; nfhz;lJ vd;jd;idr;

rq;fuh Mu;nfhNyh rJuu;

me;jk;xd;W ,y;yh Mde;jk; ngw;Nwd;

ahJeP ngw;wnjhd;W vd;ghy;

rpe;ijNa Nfhapy; nfhz;lvk; ngUkhd;


ve;ijNa <rh clyplk; nfhz;lha;

ahd;,jw;F ,yd;Xu;ifk; khNw.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

4.3 milf;fyg; gj;J

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

nrOf;fkyj; jpusd epd;Nrtb Nru;e;jike;j

gOj;j kdj;jbaUld; Nghapdu;ahd; ghtpNad;

GOf;fz;Zilg; Gd;Fuk;igg; nghy;yhf;fy; tpQhdkpyh

mOf;F kdj;jbNad; cilaha;cd; milf;fyNk.

ntWg;gdNt nra;Ak; vd;rpWikia epd;ngUikapdhy;

nghWg;gtNd muhg;g+z;gtNd nghq;Ffq;if rilr;

nrWg;gtNd epd;jpUtUshy; vd;gpwtpia Ntu;

mWg;gtNd cilaha; mbNad;cd; milf;fyNk.

ngUk;ngUkhd; vd;gpwtpia NtuWj;Jg; ngUk;gpr;Rj;

jUk;ngUkhd; rJug;ngUkhd; vd;kdj;jpd; cs;Ns

tUk;ngUkhd; kyNuhd; neLkhy; mwpahky;epd;w

mUk;ngUkhd; cilaha; mbNad; cd;dilf;fyNk.

nghopfpd;w Jd;gg; Gay;nts;sj;jpy; epd;fow;Giz nfhz;L

,opfpd;w md;gu;fs; Vwpdu; thd;ahd; ,lu;f;fly;tha;r;

Ropnrd;W khju;j; jpiunghuf; fhkr; Rwh vwpa

mopfpd;wdd; cilaha; mbNad;cd; milf;fyNk.



52

RUs;Gup $ioau; #oypw;gl;L cd;jpwk; kwe;jpq;F

,Us;Gup ahf;ifapNy fple;;J va;j;jdd; ikj;jlq;fz;

ntUs;Gup khdd;d Nehf;fpjd; gq;f tpz;Nzhu; ngUkhd;

mUs;Gupaha; cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

khioikg; ghtpa fz;zpau; td;kj; jplTile;J

jhopiag; ghT japu;Nghy; jsu;e;Njd; jlkyu;j;jhs;

thopnag;NghJ te;njd;ehs; tzq;Ftd; ty;tpidNad;

Mopag;gh cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

kpd;fzpdhu; Elq;Fk; ,ilahu; ntFsptiyapy; mfg;gl;Lg;

Gd;fzd; Ma;g;Gus;Ntidg; Gushkw; GFe;jUsp

vd;fzpNy mKJ}wpj; jpj;jpj;J vd;gpiof;F ,uq;Fk;

mq;fzNd cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

khtL tfpud;d fz;zp gq;fhepd; kyubf;Nf

$tpLtha; Fk;gpf;Nfa ,Ltha; epd;Fwpg;G mwpNad;

ghtpilahL Foy;Nghy; fue;J gue;jJs;sk;

MnfLNtd; cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

gpwptwpah md;gu; epd;dUs; nga;foy;jhs; ,izf;fPo;

kwptwpahr; nry;tk; te;J ngw;whu; cd;id te;jpg;gNjhu;

newpawpNad; epd;idNa mwpNad; epd;idNa mwpAk;

mwptwpNad; cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

toq;Ffpd;wha;f;F cd;dUshu; mKjj;ij thupf;nfhz;L

tpOq;Ffpd;Nwd; tpf;fpNdd; tpidNa vd;tpjpapd;ikahy;

joq;fUe; Njdd;d jz;zPu; gUfj;je;J ca;af;nfhs;sha;

mOq;Ffpd;Nwd; cilaha; mbNaDd; milf;fyNk.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



53

4.4 thohg; gj;J

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

ghnuhL tpz;zha;g; gue;jvk; guNd

gw;Wehd; kw;wpNyd; fz;lha;

rPnuhL nghyptha;r; rptGuj; juNr


MnuhL NehNfd; Mu;f;nfLj; Jiuf;Nfd;

Mz;leP mUspiy Mdhy;

thu;fly; cyfpy; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;

tUfntd;W mUs; GupahNa.

tk;gNdd; jd;id Mz;lkh kzpNa

kw;Wehd; gw;wpNyd; fz;lha;

ck;gUk; mwpah xUtNd ,Utu;f;F

czu;tpwe;J cyfk; CLUTk;

nrk;ngU khNd rptGuj; juNr


vk;ngU khNd vd;idahs; thNd

vd;ideP $tpf;nfhz; lUNs.

ghbkhy; GfOk; ghjNk my;yhy;


NjbeP Mz;lha; rptGuj; juNr


CLtJ cd;NdhL ctg;gJk; cd;id

czu;j;JtJ cdf;F vdf;FWjp

thbNdd; ,q;F tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


ty;iyths; muf;fu; Guk; vupj;jhNd

kw;Wehd; gw;wpNyd; fz;lha;

jpy;iytho; $j;jh rptGuj; juNr


vy;iy %TyFk; cUtpmd;W ,Utu;

fhZk;ehs; Mjp<W ,d;ik

ty;iyaha; tsu;e;jha; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;




54

gz;zpd;Neu; nkhopahs; gq;feP my;yhy;


jpz;zNk Mz;lha; rptGuj; juNr


vz;zNk cly;tha; %f;nfhL nrtpfz;

vd;wpit epd;fNz itj;J

kz;zpd;Nky; mbNad; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


gQ;rpd;nky; mbahs; gq;feP my;yhy;


nrQ;rNt Mz;lha; rptGuj; juNr


mQ;rpNdd; ehNad; Mz;LeP mspj;j

mUspid kUspdhy; kwe;j

tQ;rNdd; ,q;F tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


gUjptho; xspaha; ghjNk my;yhy;


jpUTau; Nfhyr; rptGuj; juNr


fUizNa Nehf;fpf; frpe;Jsk; cUfpf;

fye;Jehd; thOkhW mwpah

kUsNdd; cyfpy; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


ge;jiz tpuyhs; gq;feP my;yhy;


nre;joy; Nghy;tha; rptGuj; juNr


me;jkpy; mKNj mUk;ngUk; nghUNs

Mu; mKNj mbNaid

te;Ja;a Mz;lha; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


ght ehrh cd;ghjNk my;yhy;


Njtu;jk; NjNt rptGuj; juNr




55

%TyFUt ,Utu; fPo; Nkyha;

Koq;f moyha; epkpu;e;jhNd

khcup ahNd tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


gOjpy;njhy; Gfohs; gq;feP my;yhy;


nrOkjp mzpe;jha; rptGuj; juNr


njhOtNdh gpwiuj; Jjpg;gNdh vdf;Nfhu;

Jiznad epidtNdh nrhy;yha;

kotpil ahNd tho;fpNyd; fz;lha;


jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

4.5 fz;l gj;J

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

,e;jpupa takaq;fp ,wg;gjw;Nf fhuzkha;

me;juNk jpupe;JNgha; mUeufpy; tPo;Ntidr;

rpe;ijjidj; njsptpj;Jr; rptkhf;fp vidahz;l

me;jkpy;yh Mde;jk; mzpnfhs;jpy;iy fz;NlNd.

tpidg;gpwtp vd;fpd;w Ntjidapy; mfg;gl;Lj;

jidr;rpwpJk; epidahNj jsu;nta;jpf; fplg;Ngid

vidg;ngupJk; Ml;nfhz;L gpwg;gWj;j ,izapypia

midj;JyFk; njhOe;jpy;iy mk;gyj;Nj fz;NlNd.

cUj;njupahf; fhyj;Nj cs;GFe;njd; csk;kd;dpf;

fUj;jpUj;jp Cd;Gf;Ff; fUizapdhy; Mz;Lnfhz;l

jpUj;JUj;jp Nkahidj; jpj;jpf;Fk; rptgjj;ij

mUj;jpapdhy; eha;mbNad; mzpnfhs;jpy;iy fz;NlNd.

fy;yhj Gy;ywptpy; filg;gl;l ehNaid

ty;yhsd; Ma;te;J tdg;nga;jp ,Uf;Fk;tz;zk;

gy;NyhUk; fhzve;jd; gRghrk; mWj;jhid

vy;NyhUk; ,iwQ;Rjpy;iy mk;gyj;Nj fz;NlNd.



56

rhjpFyk; gpwg;ngd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;

Mjkpyp ehNaid my;yy;mWj;J Ml;nfhz;L

NgijFzk; gpwu;cUtk; ahd;vdnjd; ciukha;j;J

NfhjpyKJ Mdhidf; FyTjpy;iy fz;NlNd.

gpwtpjid mwkhw;wpg; gpzp%g;ngd;W ,itapuz;Lk;

cwtpNdhLk; xopar;nrd;W cyFila xUKjiyr;

nrwpnghopy;#o; jpy;iyefu; jpUr;rpw;wk; gyk;kd;dp

kiwatUk; thdtUk; tzq;fplehd; fz;NlNd.

gj;jpikAk; gupRkpy;yhg; gRghrk; mWj;jUspg;

gpj;jd;,td; vdvd;id Mf;Ftpj;Jg; NguhNk

rpj;jk;vDk; jpz;fapw;why; jpUg;ghjk; fl;Ltpj;j

tpj;jfdhu; tpisahly; tpsq;Fjpy;iy fz;NlNd.

mstpyhg; ghtfj;jhy; mKf;Fd;L ,q;fwptpd;wp

tpisnthd;Wk;; mwpahNj ntWtpadha;f; fplg;NgDf;F

mstpyh Mde;jk; mspj;njd;id Mz;lhidf;

fstpyh thdtUk; njhOk;jpy;iy fz;NlNd.

ghq;fpndhL gupnrhd;Wk; mwpahj ehNaid

Xq;fpAsj; njhsptsu cyg;gpyh md;gUsp

thq;fptpid kykWj;J thd;fUiz je;jhid

ehd;Fkiw gapy;jpy;iy mk;gyj;Nj fz;NlNd.

g+jq;fs; Ie;jhfpg; Gydhfpg; nghUshfpg;

Ngjq;fs; midj;Jkha;g; Ngjkpyhg; ngUikaidf;

Nfjq;fs; nfLj;jhz;l fpsu;xspia kufjj;ij

Ntjq;fs; njhONjj;Jk; tpsq;Fjpy;iy fz;NlNd.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



57

4.6 Fioj;j gj;J

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

Fioj;jhy; gz;ilf; nfhLtpidNeha;

fhtha; cilaha; nfhLtpidNad;

cioj;jhy; cWjp cz;Nlhjhd;

cikahs; fzth vidahs;tha;

gpioj;jhy; nghWf;f Ntz;lhNth

gpiwNru; rilaha; KiwNahntd;W

mioj;jhy; mUshJ xoptNj

mk;khNd cd; mbNaw;Nf.

mbNad; my;yy; vy;yhk;Kd;

mfy Mz;lha; vd;wpUe;Njd;

nfhbNau; ,ilahs; $whvq;

NfhNt Mth vd;wUspr;

nrbNru; cliyr; rpijahjJ

vj;Jf;F vq;fs; rptNyhfh

cilaha; $tpg; gzpnfhs;shJ

xWj;jhy; xd;Wk; NghJNk.

xd;Wk; Nghjh ehNaid

ca;af; nfhz;l epd;fUiz

,d;Nw ,d;wpg; Ngha;j;Njhjhd;

Vio gq;fh vk;NfhNt

Fd;Nw mida Fw;wq;fs;

Fzkhk; vd;Nw ePnfhz;lhy;

vd;jhd; nfl;lJ ,uq;fplha;

vz;Njhs; Kf;fz; vk;khNd.

khd;Neu; Nehf;fp kzthsh

kd;Nd epd;rPu; kwg;gpj;jpt;

CNd Gfvd; jidE}f;fp

coyg; gz;Z tpj;jpl;lha;

Mdhy; mbNad; mwpahik

mwpe;J ePNa mUs;nra;J

NfhNd $tpf; nfhs;Sehs;

vd;nwd;W cd;idf; $WtNj.



58

$Wk; ehNt Kjyhff;

$Wk; fuzk; vy;yhk;eP

NjWk; tifeP jpifg;Gk;eP

jPik ed;ik KOJk;eP

NtNwhu; gupR ,q;nfhd;wpy;iy

nka;k;ik cd;id tpupj;Jiuf;fpy;

NjWk; tifvd; rptNyhfh

jpifj;jhy; Njw;w Ntz;lhNth.

Ntz;lj; jf;fJ mwpNtha;eP

Ntz;l KOJk; jUNtha;eP

Ntz;Lk; mad;khw;F mupNaha;eP

Ntz;b vd;idg; gzpnfhz;lha;

Ntz;b ePahJ mUs;nra;jha;

ahDk; mJNt Ntz;bdy;yhy;

Ntz;Lk; gupRxd;W cz;nld;dpy;

mJTk; cd;jd; tpUg;gd;Nw.

md;Nw ve;jd; MtpAk;

clYk; cilik vy;yhKk;

Fd;Nw midaha; vd;idMl;

nfhz;l NghNj nfhz;biyNah

,d;Nwhu; ,ila+W vdf;Fz;Nlh

vz;Njhs; Kf;fz; vk;khNd

ed;Nw nra;tha; gpionra;tha;

ehNdh ,jw;F ehafNk.

ehapw; filahk; ehNaid

eae;J ePNa Ml;nfhz;lha;

khag; gpwtp cd;trNk

itj;jpl;L ,Uf;Fk; mJtd;wp

Maf;flNtd; ehNdh jhd;

vd;dNjh ,q;F mjpfhuk;

fhaj;J ,Ltha; cd;Dila

fow;fPo; itg;gha; fz;ZjNy.

fz;zhu; EjNyha; foypizfs;

fz;Nld; fz;fs; fsp$u

vz;zhJ ,uTk;gfYk; ehd;

mitNa vz;Zk; ,Jty;yhy;



59

kz;Nky; ahf;if tpLkhWk;

te;Jd; fow;Nf GFkhWk;

mz;zh vz;zf; flNtNdh

mbik rhy moFilj;Nj.

moNf Gupe;jpl;L mbehNad;

muw;W fpd;Nwd; cilahNd

jpfoh epd;w jpUNkdp

fhl;b vd;idg; gzpnfhz;lha;

GfNo ngupa gjk;vdf;Fg;

Guhz ePje; jUshNj

Fofh Nfhy kiwNahNd

NfhNd vd;idf; Fioj;jhNa.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

4.9 gpbj;j gj;J

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

ck;gu;fl;F muNr xoptw epiwe;j

NahfNk Cj;ijNad; jdf;F

tk;ngdg; gOj;Jvd; FbKO jhz;L

tho;tw tho;tpj;j kUe;Nj

nrk;nghUs; JzpNt rPUilf; foNy

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

vk;nghUl;L cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;

vq;F vOe;J mUStjpdpNa.

tpiltplhJ cfe;j tpz;ztu; NfhNt

tpidaNdd; cilanka;;g; nghUNs

KiltplhJ mbNad; %j;jw kz;zha;

KOg;GOf; Fuk;igapy; fple;J

filglh tz;zk; fhj;njid ahz;l

flTNs fUiz khflNy

,iltplhJ cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;




60

mk;ikNa mg;gh xg;gpyh kzpNa

md;gpdpy; tpise;;j MuKNj

ngha;k;ikNa ngUf;fpg; nghOjpidr; RUf;Fk;

GOj;jiyg; GiyaNdd; jdf;Fr;

nrk;ikNa Ma rptgjk; mspj;j

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

,k;ikNa cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


mUSilr; RlNu mspe;jNjhu; fdpNa

ngUe;jpwy; mUe;jtu;f;F muNr

nghUSilf; fiyNa Gfo;r;rpiaf; fle;j

NghfNk Nahfj;jpd; nghypNt

njUsplj;J mbahu; rpe;ijAl; GFe;j

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

,Usplj;J cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


xg;Gcdf;F ,y;yh xUtNd mbNad;

cs;sj;Js; xspu;fpd;w xspNa

nka;g;gjk; mwpah tPwpyp Naw;F

tpOkpaJ mspj;jNjhu; md;Ng

nrg;Gjw;F mupa nrOQ;Rlu; %u;j;jP

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

va;g;gplj;J cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


mwitNad; kdNk Nfhapyhf; nfhz;LMz;L

mstpyh Mde;jk; mUspg;

gpwtpNtu; mWj;Jvd; FbKO jhz;l

gpQ;Qfh ngupavk; nghUNs

jpwtpNy fz;l fhl;rpNa mbNad;

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

,wtpNy cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


ghrNtu; mWf;Fk; gok;nghUs; jd;idg;

gw;WkhW mbaNdw;F mUspg;

g+rid cfe;Jvd; rpe;ijAl; GFe;J

g+q;foy; fhl;ba nghUNs



61

NjRil tpsf;Nf nrOQ;Rlu; %u;j;jP

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

<rNd cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


mj;jNd mz;lu; mz;lkha; epd;w

MjpNa ahJk; <wpyhr;

rpj;jNd gj;ju; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;j

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

gpj;jNd vy;yh capUkha;j; jioj;Jg;

gpioj;jit my;iyaha; epw;Fk;

vj;jNd ciidr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


ghy;epide;J Cl;Lk; jhapDk; rhyg;

gupe;JeP ghtpNa Dila

Cdpid cUf;fp cs;nshsp ngUf;fp

cyg;gpyh Mde;j kha

Njdpidr; nrhupe;J Gwk;Gwk; jpupe;j

nry;tNk rptngU khNd

ahd;cidj; njhlu;e;J rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


Gd;Gyhy; ahf;if GiuGiu fdpag;

nghd;ndLk; Nfhapyhg; GFe;Jvd;

vd;ngyhk; cUf;fp vspiaaha; Mz;l

<rNd khrpyh kzpNa

Jd;gNk gpwg;Ng ,wg;nghL kaf;fhk;

njhlf;nfyhk; mWj;jew; NrhjP

,d;gNk cd;idr; rpf;nfdg; gpbj;Njd;


jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



62

5. fUT+Hj; NjtH mUspa jpUtpirg;gh

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

,t;tUk; gpwtpg; ngstePu; ePe;Jk;

VioNaw;F vd;Dld; gpwe;j

ItUk; gifNa ahu;Jiz vd;why;

mQ;ry; vd;wUs; nra;thd; Nfhapy;

iftUk; godk; Fioj;jnrQ; rhypf;

filrpau; fisjU ePyk;

nra;tuk;G mUk;Gk; ngUk;gw;iwg; Gypa+u;j;

jpUtsu; jpUr;rpw;wk; gyNk.

vd;idAd; ghj gq;fak; gzptpj;J

vd;ngyhk; cUfeP vspte;J

cd;id vd;ghy;itj;J vq;Fk; vQ;Qhd;Wk;

xoptw epiwe;jxz; RlNu!

Kd;id vd;ghrk; KOtJk; mfy

Kfj;jiy mfj;jku;e;J vdf;Nf

fd;dYk; ghYk; NjDk; MuKJk;

fdpAkha; ,dpikah apidNa.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

6. Nre;jdhH mUspa jpUg;gy;yhz;L

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

epl;ilapyh cly; ePj;njd;id

Mz;l epfupyh tz;zq;fSk;

rpl;ld; rptd; mbahiur;

rPuhl;Lk; jpwq;fSNk rpe;jpj;J

ml;l %u;j;jpf;nfd; mfk;nef

CWk; mkpo;jpDf;F Myepow;

gl;lDf;F vd;idj;jd; ghw;gLj;

jhDf;Nf gy;yhz;L $WJNk.

rPUk; jpUTk; nghypar; rptNyhf

ehafd; Nrtbf;fPo;

MUk; ngwhj mwpT ngw;Nwd;

ngw;wjhu; ngWthu; cyfpy;



63

CUk; cyFk; fow cowp

cik kzthsDf;F Ms;

ghUk; tpRk;Gk; mwpAk; gupRehk;

gy;yhz;L $WJNk.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

7. Nrf;fpohH mUspa ngupa Guhzk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

Cd; mile;j clk;gpd; gpwtpNa

jhd; mile;j cWjpapw; rhUkhy;

Njd; mile;j kyu;g;nghopy; jpy;iyAs;

khdlk; nra; tuju;nghw; jhs;njho.

,wthj ,d;gmd;G Ntz;bg;gpd; Ntz;Lfpd;whu;

gpwthikNtz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gpwg;Gz;Nly; cd;idvd;Wk;

kwthikNtz;Lk; ,d;Dk; Ntz;Lk;ehd; kfpo;e;Jghb

mwtheP MLk;NghJd; mbapd;fPo; ,Uf;fvd;whu;.

mz;zNy vid Mz;Lnfhz;lUspa mKNj

tpz;zpNy kiwe;jUs;Gup Ntj ehafNd

fz;zpdhy; jpUf;fapiyapy; ,Ue;jepd; Nfhyk;

ez;zpehd; njho eae;jUs;Gup vdg;gzpe;jhu;.

kz;Kjyhk; cyNfj;j kd;DjpUj; jhz;lfj;ijg;

Gz;zpah cd;dbf;Nf NghJfpNwd; vdg;Gfd;W

jz;zupa rpthde;j QhdtbNt Mfp

mz;zyhu; Nrtbf;fPo; Mz;luR mku;e;jpUe;jhu;.

tUKiwg; gpwtpnts;sk; tuk;Gfhzh jOe;jp

cUntDk; Jauf;$l;by; czu;tpd;wp kaq;Fthu;fs;

jpUkzj;Jld; Nrtpj;J Kd;nry;Yk; rpwg;gpdhNy

kUtpa gpwtpePq;f kd;DNrhjpapDl; Gf;fhu;.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



64

8. mUzfphpehjH mUspa jpUg;Gfo;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

gpwtpaiy Mw;wpdpw; GFjhNj

gpufpUjp khu;f;fKw; wiyahNj

cWjpFU thf;fpag; nghUshNy

cdJgj fhl;rpiaj; jUthNa

mWrka rhj;jpug; nghUNshNd

mwpTswp thu;Fzf; flNyhNd

FWKdptd; Vj;JKj; jkpNohNd

FkuFU fhu;j;jpifg; ngUkhNs.

,Ue;jtPLq; nfhQ;rpa rpWtUk; cWNfhSk;

,ire;jCUk; ngz;bUk;; ,sikAk; tsNkTk;

tpupe;;jehLk; Fd;wKk; epiynad kfpohNj

tpsq;FjPgk; nfhz;Lid topgl mUs;thNa

FUe;jpNyWq; nfhz;lypd; tbtpdd; kUNfhNd

Fuq;FyhTk; Fd;Wiw Fwkfs; kzthsh

jpUe;jNtjk; jz;lkpo; njupjU GyNthNd

rpte;jfhYk; jz;ilAk; mofpa ngUkhNs.

,wthky; gpwthky; vidahs;rw; FUthfpg;

gpwthfpj; jpukhd ngUtho;itj; jUthNa

Fwkhijg; Gzu;NthNd FfNdnrhw; FkNurh

fiwahidf; fpisNahNd fjpu;fhkg; ngUkhNs.

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;



65

9. gl;bdj;jhu; ghly;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;

ed;dhupw; g+l;ba #j;jpug; ghit ed;dhu; jg;gpdhy;

jd;dhYk; Mbr; rypj;jpLNk me;jj; jd;ikiag; Nghy;

cd;dhy; ahDk; jpupt jy;yhy; kw;Widg; gpupe;jhy;

vd;dhy; ,q;fhtJ cz;Nlh ,iwth fr;rp Vfk;gNd.

CUk; rjky;y cw;whu; rjky;y cw;Wg; ngw;w

NgUk; rjky;yg; ngz;bu; rjky;y gps;is fSk;

rPUk; rjky;y nry;tk; rjky;y Njrj; jpNy

ahUk; rjky;y epd; jhs; rjq;fr;rp Vfk;gNd.

Mw;wpw; fiuj;j Gsp Mf;fplhky; vd;md;ig vy;yhk;

Nghw;wpj; jpUTsk; gw;Wk; Iah Gu%d; nwupj;Jf;

$w;iwg; gzp nfhs;Sk; jhSilaha; Fd;wtpy;Yilaha;

Vw;Wf; nfhb cilaha; ,iwth fr;rp vfk;gNd.

fy;yhg; gpioAk; fUjhg;gpioAk; frpe;JUfp

epy;yhg;gpioAk; epidahg;gpioak; epd;dQ; nrOj;ijr;

nrhy;yhg;gpioAk; Jjpahg; gpioAk; njhohg;gpioAk;

vy;yhg;gpioAk; nghWj;jUs;tha; fr;rp Vfk;gNd.

Kbrhu;e;j kd;dUk; kw;WKs;shUk; KbtpnyhU

gpbrhk;guha; nte;Jkz;zhtJq; fz;L gpd;Dk;,e;jg;

gbrhu;e;jtho;it epidg;gjy;yhw; nghd;dpd; mk;gytu;

mbrhu;e;J ehk;ca;tk; vd;wwpthu; ,y;iyNa.

IAk; njhlu;e;J tpopAk;nrUfp mwptope;J

nka;Ak;ngha;ahfp tpLfpd;w Nghnjhd;W Ntz;Ltd;ahd;

nra;Ak; jpUnthw;wp CUilaPu; jpUePWkpl;Lf;

ifAk; njhog;gz;zp Ie;njOj;NjhjTk; fw;gpANk.



66

clw;$w;W tz;zk;

xUkl khJk; xUtDk; Mfp

,d;gRfk; jUk; md;G nghUe;jp

czHT fye;J xOfpa tpe;J

CW RNuhzpj kPJ fye;J

gdpapy; XHghjp rpWJsp khJ

gz;bapy; te;J GFe;J jpuz;L

gJkk; mUk;G fklk; mnjd;W

ghHit nka;tha;nrtp fhy;iffs; vd;W

cUtKk; Mfp capHtsH khjk;

xd;gJk; xd;Wk; epiwe;j kle;ij 10

cjuk; mfd;W Gtpapy; tpOe;J

NahfKk; thuKk; ehSk; mwpe;J

kfspHfs; Nrid jumiz Mil

kz;gl ce;jp cije;J ftpo;e;J

klkapy; nfhq;if mKjk; mUe;jp

Xuwp tPuwp thfp tsHe;J

xspeif Cwy; ,jo;kl thUk;

cte;J Kfe;jpl te;J jto;e;J

kbapy; ,Ue;J koiy nghope;J

th,U Nghvd ehkk; tpsk;g 20

cilkzp Mil miutlk; Ml

cz;gtH jpd;gtH jq;fnshL cz;L

njUtpy; ,Ue;J GOjp mise;J

Njba ghynuhL Xb ele;J

mQ;R tajhfp tpis ahbNa>

caHjU Qhd FU cgNjr

Ke;jkpopd; fiyAk; fiu fz;L

tsHgpiw vd;W gyUk; tpsk;g

tho; gjpdhW gpuhaKk; te;J

kapHKb Nfhjp mWgj ePy 30

tz;bkpH jz;njhil nfhz;il Gide;J

kzpnghd; ,yq;F gzpfs; mzpe;J

khjfH NghjfH $b tzq;f

kjd nrh&gd; ,td;vd Nkhf

kq;ifaH fz;L kUz;L jpuz;L

tuptpop nfhz;L Ropa vwpe;J



67

khkapy; NghytH NghtJ fz;L

kdJ nghwhky; mtHgpw Nfhb

kq;fy nrq;fy re;jfo; nfhq;if

kUt kaq;fp ,jo; mKJz;L 40

Njba khKjy; Nru toq;fp

xUKjy; Mfp KJ nghUsha;

,Ue;j jdq;fs; tk;gpy; ,oe;J

kjd Rfe;j tpjdk; ,njd;W

thypg NfhyKk; NtW gpupe;J

tsikAk; khwp ,sikAk; khwp

td;gpy; tpOe;jpU fz;fs; ,Uz;L

taJ KjpHe;J eiujpiu te;J

thj tpNuhj FNuhjk; mile;J

nrq;if apdpNyhH jbAk; MfpNa 50

tUtJ NghtJ xUKJ $D

ke;jp naDk;gb Fe;jp ele;J

kjpAk; mope;J nrtpjpkpH te;J

tha; mwpahky; tplhky; nkhope;J

Japy;tUk; Neuk; ,Uky; nghwhJ

njhz;ilAk; neQ;Rk; cyHe;J twz;L

JfpYk; ,oe;J RizAk; mope;J

NjhifaH ghyHfs; Nfhuzp nfhz;L

fypAf kPjpy; ,tH kupahij

fz;bk; vd;gtH rQ;ryk; kpQ;r 60

fyfy vd;W kyryk; te;J

fhy;top Nky;top rhu ele;J

njspTk; ,uhky; ciu jLkhwpr;

rpe;ijAk; neQ;Rk; ciye;J kUz;L

jplKk; mope;J kpfTk; miye;J

Njwpey; yhju Ntnjd nehe;J

kiwatd; Ntjk; vOjpa thW

te;jJ fz;lk; vd;W njspe;J

,dpnad fz;lk; ,dpnad njhe;jk;

Nkjpdp tho;T epyhjpdp epd;w 70

fld;Kiw NgRk; vdTiu ehT

,wq;fp tpOe;J ifnfhz;L nkhope;J

filtop fQ;rp xOfpl te;J



68

G+jKk; ehY RthrKk; epd;W

neQ;R jLkhwp tUk; NeuNk

tsHgpiw Nghy vapWk; cNuhkKk;

rilAk; rpW FQ;rpAk; tpQ;r

kdJk; ,Uz;l tbTk; ,yq;f

khkiy Nghy; akJhjHfs; te;J

tiynfhz;L tPrp capHnfhz;L Nghf 80

ike;jUk; te;J Fdpe;jo nehe;J

kbapy; tpOe;J kidtp Gyk;g

kho;fpdNu ,tH fhyk; mwpe;J

gioatH fhZk; vDk; mayhHfs;

gQ;R gwe;jpl epd;wtH ge;jk;

,Lk; vdte;J giwapl Ke;j

Ntgpzk; Ntf tprhupAk; vd;W

gyiuAk; Vtp KjpatH jhk;

,Ue;j rtk; fOTk; rpynud;W

gzpJfpy; njhq;fy; fsgk; mzpe;J 90

ghtfNk nra;J ehWk; clk;ig

tupir nflhky; vLk;vd Xb

te;J,s ike;jH Fdpe;J Rke;J

fLfp ele;J Rliy mile;J

khdpl tho;ntd tho;ntd nehe;J

tpwfpil %b moy;nfhL Nghl

nte;J tpOe;J Kwpe;J epzq;fs;

cUfp vYk;G fUfp mlq;fp

XHgpb ePWk; ,yhj clk;ig

ek;Gk; mbNaid ,dp MSNk. 100

jpUr ;r pw ;wk ;gyk;

Aum Muruga Society Distribution 69

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A SAIVA FUNERAL SERVICE Book Summary by the Author

1. Introduction

The Saiva funeral service is normally conducted by a Saiva Kurukkal (Saiva priest). Brahmin priests do not conduct funeral services. Since Saiva Kurukkals are not yet available in Australia, this service is conducted by laypersons purely as a voluntary community service.

The traditional rituals involved in the service are modified to suit the circumstances prevailing in Australia and most acts are performed on a symbolic basis. The details of the service and the brief explanations of the rituals are as follows.

2. Installation of Deities

2.1 Lord Ganesh is installed with turmeric paste and Arugum grass.

2.2 Lord Siva and Sakthi are installed in the form of Siva Kumbam (silver pot full of water with coconut and mango leaves on top).

2.3 Kolli Kudam (earthen pot full of water with coconut and mango leaves on top): This is to invoke the departed soul to be alighted on this pot to be guided towards Lord Siva.

3. Commencement of worship

3.1 Confirmation of the next of kin who comes forward to partake in the ceremony.

3.2 Dedication of holy ash by singing the Saint Thiruganasambanthar’s Thevaram and wearing of holy ash.

3.3 Ganesh worship – Invoke Lord Ganesh to clear all obstacles and to

grant his grace for the successful completion of all the ceremonies.

3.4 Siva worship: Invoke Lord Siva and Sakthi to be present at the ceremony and grant their grace to the departed soul on the right path to eternal bliss.

3.5 Kollikuda Pooja: Invoke the departed soul to be present at the ceremony and to be prepared to be guided towards eternal bliss with the grace of Lord Siva.

4. Bathing Ceremony

4.1 Close relatives of the deceased are requested to take part in a symbolic bathing ceremony where oil and fruit juice are applied to the deceased and then fresh water. Thereafter, next of kin sprinkles Kumba water on the deceased.

4.2 Then the next of kin (person who partakes in the ceremony) is requested to apply holy ash on the forehead of the deceased and place Pottu with sandalwood paste and kumkumam. Then to garland the deceased.

5. Pounding of Incense

5.1 Traditionally incense is pound by ladies for the purpose of bathing. In this instance this act is symbolic in relation to the holy verses of Saint Manikavaasagar dedicated to Lord Siva where a prayer is offered in the belief that sins of the departed soul be forgiven and the path to eternal bliss be shown to the departed soul.



70

5.2 During this prayer the twenty verses of Saint Manikavaasagar’s Thiru Potchunnam (Thiru Vasagam) are sung and at the end, the things that were pounded are applied to the eyes of the deceased.

5.3 At this time the grand children of the deceased hold candle lights in the belief that the departed soul may receive enlightenment to follow the path of eternal bliss.

6. Floral Tribute

6.1 Friends and relatives of the deceased are invited to view the deceased and place flowers. This gives an opportunity to all those who attended the funeral service to pay their last respect.

7. Placing of rice in the coffin

7.1 According to Saiva belief it is best for the departed soul not to be reborn. This is the fervent hope and wish of all those who are close to the deceased. This wish is symbolically shown by placing a handful of rice in the mouth of the deceased by close relatives. Rice, which is free of husk, has no chance of germinating.

8. Closing of coffin & removal to cemetery

8.1 When the coffin is closed it should be ensured that all ornaments are removed from the body of the deceased. This is done in the belief that the soul should discard all desires of the world.

8.2 The next of kin is requested to carry the Kolli Kudam to the cemetery together with a firebrand. Traditionally the ceremony involves

lighting of the fire and a firebrand is taken to the cemetery from that fire. Since it is not feasible to light a fire at the ceremony, a box of matches and sandal-wood sticks are carried to the cemetery together with the Kolli Kudam.

9. At the cemetery

9.1 Prayer: A prayer is recited by singing Pancha Puranam.

9.2 Cracking of the Kolli Kudam is placed on the shoulder of the next of kin, the sandalwood sticks are lighted and given in his hand. He is then made to go around the coffin three times. Then the water in the pot is sprinkled on the coffin. This is to indicate that all desires of the departed soul have been depleted like water in the pot.

9.3 Setting fire to the coffin: The next of kin then places the sandalwood sticks on the coffin and walks away. Thereafter with the help of the undertakers the coffin is placed at the door of the incinerator and the curtain is closed.

9.4 Obtaining the ashes: Arrangements will have to be made with the undertakers at the time of making funeral arrangement for the collection of ashes from the cemetery.

9.5 Disposal of ashes: Disposal of the ashes could be made according to the wishes of members of the family of the deceased. It could be dissolved in the ocean water, sacred rivers and/or sprinkled over the vast mountain area.



71

c rptkak;

,Wjpf; fpupiaf;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fs;

filr; rhkhd;fs;

jpUePW> re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk;> kQ;rs; kh> CJgj;jp> fw;g+uk;

(xU gf;fw; xt;nthd;Wk;)

Njq;fha; KbAld; 3

gr;ir muprp 2 fpNyh

Fk;gk; Rw;Wk; E}y; 1 ge;J

tha; rpwpa kz;Kl;b 1

ey;nyz;nza; 1 fhw; Nghj;jy;

Gjpa nts;isj; Jz;L 1 fhy; kPw;wH

tpsf;Fj; jpup 10

jPg;ngl;b fs; 2

Garbage bags 2 Box of soft tissues 1 cjpupg;G+f;fs; 1 ngl;b

Fk;g khiy (rpwpaJ - ruk;) 2

clYf;F mzptpf;f khiy 1

Ngug;gps;isfs; ,Ug;gpd; - nkOFjpupfs;

(Tea candles on paper plates would be suitable) thiog;gok; (1 rPg;G)> Njhlk; gok; (3)> khk;gok; (3)>

vYkpr;rk; gok; (1)

tPl;Lg; nghUl;fs;

Fj;Jtpsf;F 1

rpwpa nts;spf;Flk; (Fk;gj;jpw;F) 1

re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk; fpz;zq;fs; 2

jiy thio ,iy 3

mWfk; Gy; 1 gpb

gRg;ghy; kpfr;rpwpa gf;fw; 1

rpwpa nts;spf;fpz;zk; 4

nts;spj;jl;L rpwpaJ 3

nts;spj;jl;L ngupaJ 2

khtpiy 15

rpy;yiwf; fhRfs; (5 rj ehzak;) 10

Old News Paper Large sheets 6 epyj;jpy; tpupg;gjw;Fg; ngupa tpupg;G 1



72

Mrphpahpd; gpw ntspaPLfs;

1. FwSk; fijAk; (rpWfijfs;)>

1973

2. ghl;Lk; fijAk;

(fijg;ghly;fs;)> 1974

3. Kdpad; Kuspfhdd;

(FWehty;)> 1977

4. Mj;jp#b mwnewpf; fijfs;

(rpWfijfs;)> 1978

5. cile;j cs;sk;

(ehty; - 2 ghfq;fs;)> 1979

6. mT];jpNuypahtpy; Mj;jp#b

(rpWth; fijj;njhFjp)> 1991

7. jpUKiwAk; jpUf;fijAk; -

Njthu tpsf;ff; fijfs;> 1994

8. ghyh; ehlfq;fs; gj;J - ghyh;

ehlfj; njhFjp> 1995

9. ehlff; ftpauq;F ehY - rpWth;

ftpauq;Fj; njhFjp> 1995

10. ts;Sth; nrhd;d flTl;

nfhs;if (jpUf;Fws; tpsf;ff;

fijfs;)> 1995

11. MWKfkhd nghUs; (jpUg;Gfo;

xd;wpw;F tpsf;fk;)> 1996

12. jpUtpoh - rpWth; irt rka

Ehy;> 1996

13. A Glimpse of Saiva Religion - irt

rka tpsf;fk;> 1996> irt

kd;wk;> rpl;dp> 2006

14. rpWth; ghly;fs; -

mT];jpNuypag; gp;d;dzpapy;>

1997

15. rfyfyhty;;yp khiy - jkpo;>

Mq;fpy ciu (jpUkjp

GtNd];tup mUzhryj;Jld;

,ize;J)> 1997

16. irt rka Futh; Nghw;wp

khiy - Nghw;wpj; Jjp> 1998

17. jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp - jkpo;>

Mq;fpy ciu (jpUkjp

GtNd];tup mUzhryj;Jld;

,ize;J)> 1998

18. NfhsW gjpfk; - jkpo; Mq;fpy

ciu (jpU. Nfjh kNfrDld;

,ize;J)> 1999

19. rpl;dp KUfd; gps;isj; jkpo; -

gpuge;j E}y;> 1999

20. xsit te;jhy; - rpWth;

ehlfq;fs;> 2001

21. irtr; rpWtH Ngr;Rk;> ebg;Gk; -

FUG+ir ehlfq;fs;> irt

rpj;jhe;j kd;wk;> fdlh> 2006

22. Hinduism – A way of life (For Hindu

children in NSW Public Schools - Edited

with Mrs. Pathmini Sothirajah), 2006

AUM MURUGA SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS

Aum Murga Society is a non-profitable organisation dedicated to serve the wider community in Australia and has the noble objective to disseminate information on all aspects of Hinduism. Since 1998, it publishes a quarterly Aum Muruga Journal to promote the understanding of the Hindu religion, culture, practices and traditions among the Hindus and non-Hindus. It is the first and only Hindu Journal published from Australia. It also publishes a bi-monthly Aum Muruga Digest (available from the Tamilsydney website: http://www.tamilsydney.com). The Aum Muruga Society publications are edited by Dr. R. Sri Ravindrarajah ([email protected]). If you are interested in receiving the Aum Muruga publications, please contact Dr. R. Sri Ravindrarajah, 15 Valda Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153, Australia.

Documents

Saiva Last Rites - tamilnation.org · Aum Muruga Society Distribution irt ,Wjpr; rlq;F eilKiwAk; tpsf;fKk;: eh. kNfrd; 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTHOR, NAGALINGAM MAHESAN Saiva Last