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0798761560 اضوبك٤خ أبك٤٣خ ها٢ ئه٤ل بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم لاه االب٢ اؼ٤خ اضب٣خ

064200590 وي ىي اضوبك٢ 0778650096

TEACHER OF ENGLISH JAMAL SAFI

"IT ALWAYS SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE UNTIL IT IS DONE"

اللغة االنجليزيةالمستوى الرابع/للمرحلة الثانوية

رر اام للمااد اع أسلة إااية على م اوإوع المنهاج الجديد2015-2016

SECOND

SEMESTER

UNITS

6+7+9+10

1

UNIT SIX

Education today

Quantifiers to make comparisons

Monosyllabic adjectives .are compared with –er+ than, the + -est (البد أؽبك٣خ اوطغ )

Adjective الخ ( ) Comparative ( اوبهخ ) Superlative ( ازل٤ )

long longer than thelongest

late later than the latest

big bigger than the biggest

thin thinner than the thinnest

* London is……………….. than Vienna. * The Mississippi is the ………………… river in the USA .

Disyllabic adjectives .ending with[ y, er, ow] are compared with -er, -est (البد صبئ٤خ اوطغ )

Adjective Comparative Superlative

easy easier than the easiest

clever cleverer than the cleverest

narrow narrower than the narrowest

*Which is the…………………….. exercise?

All the other adjectives and adverbs are compared with more/less, the most/the least .

* Do you think Geography is ……………. interesting than History, or …………….interesting? * Which subjects are ……………….. popular, and which are……………… popular?

Special adjectives can be compared with -er, -est or more/less, the most/the least .

Adjective Comparative Superlative

clever cleverer than more/less clever than the cleverest the most/the least clever

common commoner than more/less common than the commonest the most/the least common

likely likelier than more/less likely than the likeliest the most/the least likely

pleasant pleasanter than more/less pleasant than the pleasantest the most/the least pleasant

polite politer than more/less polite than the politest the most/the least polite

quiet quieter than more/less quiet than the quietest the most/the least quiet

stupid stupider than more/less stupid than thestupidest the most/the least stupid

sure surer than more/less sure than the surest the most/the least sure

subtle subtler than more/less subtle than the subtlest the most/the least subtle

simple simpler than more/less simple than the simplest the most/the least simple

Adjective Comparative Superlative

popular more/less popularthan the most/the least popular

expensive more/less expensive than the most/the least expensive

interesting more/less interestingthan the most/the least interesting

2

as+adjective / adverb +as

٣زقل نا ازو٤ت زؼج٤و ػ اوبهخ ازب٣خ

*Is Maths as popular asScience?*Mahmoud works as hard ashis brother.

(not ) as+adjective / adverb +as هج نا ازو٤ت Not *زؼج٤و ػ ػل اباح زقل

*I can not run as fast asyou.*This test was not as difficult as the last one.

**The following words are both adjectives and adverbs.

close early far free often

daily fair fast hard wrong

as + many + (noun) + as٣زقل نا ازو٤ت وبهخ ازب٣خ غ األبء اؼلكح

* You know as ………………. people as I do.

(not ) as + many + (noun) + as٣زقل نا ازو٤ت وبهخ ؿ٤و ازب٣خ غ األبء اؼلكح

*There are not as ……… people in our class as in yours.

as + much + (noun) + as٣زقل نا ازو٤ت وبهخ ازب٣خ غ األبء ؿ٤و اؼلكح

*He's had as ……… success as his brother has.

(not ) as + much + (noun) + as٣زقل نا ازو٤ت وبهخ ؿ٤و ازب٣خ غ األبء ؿ٤و اؼلكح

* I don‘t eat as………… fast food as my brother does.

OPPOSITE FORMS

SAME MEANING FORMS

less expensive than cheaper than the least expensive the cheapest less difficult easier than the least difficult the easiest

less dangerous Safer than the least dangerous the safest

COMPARATIVE FORMS SUPERLATIVE FORMS

longer than shorter than the longest the shortest later than earlier than the latest the earliest

bigger than smaller than the biggest the smallest easier than more difficult than the easiest the most difficult

cheaper than more expensive than the cheapest the most expensive better than worse than the best the worst more than less than the most the least older than younger than the oldest the youngest taller than shorter than the tallest the shortest

thinner than fatter than the thinnest the fattest poorer than richer than the poorest the richest

3

IRREGULAR FORMS

Adjective Comparative Superlative

well /good better than the best

bad / ill worse than the worst

little (amount) less than the least

little (size) smaller than the smallest

much / many ( اضو) more than the most

many ( اه ) fewer than the fewest

much ( اه ) less than the least

far (amount) further than the furthest

far (place) farther than the farthest

late (time) later than the latest

late (order) latter than the last

near (place) nearer than the nearest

near (order) ---------- the next

old (people and things) older than the oldest

old (people) ------- the eldest / the oldest

طــــــرق الحــــل

Noun / pronoun(1 ) + verb + short adj +er + than + noun / pronoun (2 )

Noun / pronoun (2 )+ verb + opposite short adj +er + than + noun / pronoun (1 )

- London isbigger than Vienna.

Vienna ……………………………………….

Noun / pronoun(1 ) + verb + more/less +long adj + than + noun / pronoun (2 )

- Geography is more interesting than History

History ……………………………………………………….

2. Noun/ pronoun (1 ) +not + verb + as +adj +as + noun / pronoun (2 )

a. Noun/ pronoun (2 ) + verb + more +adj +than + noun / pronoun (1 )

b. Noun/ pronoun (1 ) + verb + less +adj +than + noun / pronoun (2 )

- Maths isn‘t as popular asScience.

a. Science ……………………………………………

b. Maths ……………………………………………….

c.Noun/ pronoun (2 ) + verb +adj + er + than + noun / pronoun (1 )

d. Noun/ pronoun (1 ) + verb + opposite adj + er + than + noun / pronoun (2 )

- Zain isn‘t as tall as Farah.

a. Farah ……………………………………………….

b. Zain ………………………………………………………

3. Neither + noun +nor +noun (1 ) +verb +as +adj+ as + noun (2 )

a.- Noun (2 ) + verb + more +long adj +than + noun and noun (1 ) .

- Neither French nor English is as difficult as Chinese.

Chinese ……………………………………………………………………….

b.- Noun ( 2 ) + verb + short adj + +er + than + noun and noun ( 1 ) .

- Neither Rana nor Rania is as tall as Rahaf.

Rahaf …………………………………………………………..

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4. The most / least + long adj + بقة الجملة

The + short adj + est + بقة الجملة

The + similar meaning adj + بقة الجملة

The cheapest thing on the menu is orange juice.

The least …………………………………………………………………………

اةـاه٣ اذــر

5/ SB page 45

Look at the diagram of after-school classes and complete the sentences with the phrases

in the box.

1. English is ……………….. studied subject. 2. ………………………studied subjects are Music and Art. 3. There are ……………….. students studying Science as Maths. 4. Maths is ……………………………. popular than Science, but ………………………….popular than English. 5. Students don‘t like doing Music and Art…………………….. they like doing Maths. 6. Neither Maths nor Science are ……………………….. English.

4/ AB page 31

Study the information in the table about compulsory education and complete the

sentences below it. Use the words and phrases in the box. One word is not needed. The

first one is done for you.

Compulsory education in different countries

England 5–16 years

Portugal 6–18 years

Jordan 6–15 years

Turkey 6–18 years

Japan 6–15 years

as much as, less, more, not as many,

the least, the most, as popular as

5

1. Portuguese and Turkish children have the most compulsory schooling.

2. Portuguese children have to go to school for------------- than children in Japan. 3. In Jordan, children start school a year--------------than English children. 4. Japanese and Jordanian children have------------------------compulsory schooling. 5. Jordanian children can leave school one year --------------than English children.

5/ AB page 32

This table gives recent information about some of the most popular university

subjects offered by British universities. Use it to complete the sentences. Use phrases

from the box. One phrase is not needed. The first one is done for you.

1. Business Studies is the most popular subject.

2. ---------------------people applied for Law in 2014 CE as in the previous year. 3. Physics isn‘t ---------------------Biology. 4. Law is --------------------than Medicine and Dentistry. 5. --------------------growing subject is Computer Science. 6. Engineering is------------------- Visual Arts. 7. 11%---------------------- applied for Engineering in 2014 CE than in 2013 CE. 8. The -----------------subject on the list is Computer Science.

earlier, later, less, longer, the most , the least

Subject

Number of applications in

2014 CE

Change since

2013 CE

Business Studies 280,240 +3.2%

Visual Arts 244,620 +2.4%

Biology 231,720 +8%

Engineering 141,100 +11%

Law 108,130 -1%

Physics 104,410 +5%

Medicine and Dentistry 98,910 +3%

Computer Science 97,110 +13%

as popular as, as much as, least popular, more people, less popular than,

more popular, not as many,the fastest, the most popular

6

6/ AB page 54

Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to

the one before it

1. There‘s less information on the website than there is in the book. (as much)

There isn‟t………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. I haven‘t got as much homework as my brother . ( less )

I have got…………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The cheapest thing on the menu is orange juice. ( the least )

The least …………………………………………………………………………

4. Manar is not as active as Khaleda.

Khaleda …………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. British English is more difficult than American English . ( less )

American English …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Neither Sara nor Yasmeen is as accurate as Joory.

Joory ……………………………………………………………………

7. Jordanian children start school a year later than English children. English children …………………………………………………………………………………….

8.Neither Dana nor Sara is as tall as Nour.

Nour……………………………………………………….

9.Maths is more popular than Science.

Science is ……………………………………………..

Science isn‟t ……………………………………….

10.Portuguese children have to go to school for longer than Japanese children.

Japanese children ………………………………………………………………………………………….

11. Physics isn‘t as popular as Biology.

Physics ………………………………………………..

Biology……………………………………………………

12. The electronic newspapers are not as acceptable as ordinary ones .

The ordinary newspapers ……………………………………………………………………….

13.There aren‘t as many people in our class as in yours.

There are ……………………………………………………………………………….

14.I don‘t eat as much fast food as my brother does.

I eat ………………………………………………………………..

My brother eats …………………………………………………

7

**** اوطغ اىاه٣خ ك٢ أئخابد اوه٣خ ازقلخ ****

*** اوطؼخ ك٢ االزؾب اىاه١ أئخ٤ق رزؼب غ ***

Question Number one . A.

1. ……………………………………………………………Write down two of them / Write them down.

2. ……………………………………………………………Write down two of them / Write them down.

لزبػ اؾ . رنو وطز٤ ػ٠ ب ؽب ازو٤ل ثب طة ثبإا ؽز٠ رؾ ػ٠ ػالز بخأ٣ اطة ك٢ ن٣ اإا٤

Write هج خاؼجبهح از٢

3. Quote /Write down the sentence which indicates that ………………………………..

ازج ب زة ثؼل. اطة ك٢ نا اإا اهزجب عخ ا thatزؾل٣ل اغخ ابجخ ا ص ازجب بخ ثؾ٤ش that . لزبػ اؾ اؼجبهح از٢ ثؼل خ ر٢ ثوطخ capital ثؾوف رجلأ

4. Find a word in the (first /second/third/fourth/fifth / last ) paragraph which means

……………………… means اخ از٢ ثؼل خ أ خ الووح از٢ مو ههب ك٢ اإا ب ل ؼ٠ اؼجبهح ئ٣غبك اطة ك٢ نا اإا

ػ٠ نا اإاإلعبثخ رؾلع ؼب٢ الوكاد ااهكح ك٢ اوطغ أػ٤ي . ب هكد ك٢ ا ربب ك رـ٤٤وئعبثزي ككزو ئ٠ اوب اإلعبثخػلب رغل : الؽظخ بخ

Find عل Factors ػا

Quote اهزج Influence, Impact, Effect رأص٤و

Underlined رؾز ف According to ؽت/ كوب ـ

Pronoun ٤و View , Opinion , Attitude عخ ظو

Text Sentence عخ

Paragraph كووح Indicate, Show ٣ج٢, ٤٣و

Write down ازت Why بما

Examples أضخ How ٤ق

Mention ػلك/ امو When ز٠

Features, Qualities فبئ Who

Objectives, Aims ألاف Where أ٣

First أ What بما/ ب

Second صب٢ Which ان١/ أ١

Third صبش How many ػلك

Last أف٤و/ آفو How long الح

Word خ Causes, Reasons أجبة

Refer to ٣ؼك ػ٠ A part from ثبزضبء

Describe ق Results زبئظ

Advantages , Benefits كائل, ا٣غبث٤بد Mean ٣ؼ٢

Explain ؼ Justify ثوه

Suggest اهزوػ Ways وم

Characteristics فبئ Steps فطاد

Difficulties ؼثبد Consequences اصأه

procedures ئعواءاد methods أب٤ت

8

- Replace the underlined word with suitable phrasal verb / idiom that has the same

meaning.

ػ٤ي أ رؾلع اطؾبد اطثخ ي غ االزجب ي الؼ . طؼ بت ل اؼ٠ / اطة ازجلا اخ از٢ رؾزب ف ثج كؼ

. زبثز ث ؾ٤ؼ ئالئ٤ب

- What does the underlined word ……….. mean ?

اطة ؼوكخ ؼ٠ اخ از٢ رؾزب ف. ػ٠ نا اإاإلعبثخ رؾلع ؼب٢ الوكاد ااهكح ك٢ اوطغ أػ٤ي

5. What does the underlined word ……………………………refer to ?

.اطة ك٢ نا اإا ؼوكخ ػ٠ بما ٣ؼك ا٤و ان١ رؾز ف . ؼ٤خ ئعبثخ رؼزل أ ؽلك ػ هج ,ا٤و اغخ از٢ رؾز١ ػ٠ اهوأ

. ب هكد ك٢ ا ربب ك رـ٤٤وئعبثزي ككزو ئ٠ اوب اإلعبثخػلب رغل : الؽظخ بخ

6. According to the text , the writer ( thinks , says, considers , states ) that…………………………

Explain this statement, suggesting/ mentioning / giving three ways / reasons / pieces

of advice ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

that بئؼ ب ػالهخ ثبؼجبهح از٢ ثؼل / أجبة / صالصخ وم / ؼط٤ب / ماوا / وزوؽب thatاطة ك٢ نا اإا ر٤ؼ اؼجبهح از٢ ثؼل

. بجخبئؼ / أجبة / اك ن اؼجبهح ع٤لا اهثطب ثبرؼوك ػ ا ث ػب ص ازت صالصخ وم

7. ……………………………………… . Think of this statement and, in two sentences, write

down your point of view.

/ I think that ضاوأ١ ثؼجبهح رل٤ل أثلائعبثزي. اطة ك٢ نا اإا ازل٤و ك٢ اؼجبهح اؼطبح زبثخ عخ ظوى

In my opinion. عز٤ ك٢ ئثلاءهأ٣ي ن اؼجبهح ع رؼج٤و ث٤ اطة ي أاػزجو . ازت اغخ از٢ هكد ك٢ ثلا٣خ اإا

.اإلبؽب ٤بؿخ ب رزج ثطو٣وزي اقبخ رغت اـ ا هله , (كور٤ )اثؾش ك٢ ا ػ عز٤ . علد ؼثخ ئما , األهػ٠

he , him , his ا نو ػبه

they , them , their (ؿ٤و ػبه / ػبه )ا عغ

she , her ا إش ػبه

it, its ا لوك ؿ٤و ػبه

who , which , where اال ابثن ب جبوح

this , so عخ بثوخ ب

there, here ا ب

9

SB page 44

The time we spend at school

KEY WORDS

A few years ago, as many as 1,000 schools across the USA started making school years longer by adding up to ten extra days to the school year or by making each school day longer by half an hour.

لهخ ك٢ أهعبء اال٣بد ازؾلح ػ٠ عؼ اؼب الها٢ أ مي ثي٣بكح ػوح أ٣ب ئبك٤خ ػ٤ أ ػ 1000ب ٣ؼبك هج ثؼخ ٤, ػذ

. و٣ن عؼ ا٤ الها٢ أ ثؾ ق بػخ This was because it was found that secondary school students in the USA and the UK were spending the least time at school, with an average school year of 187 days. The typical

Jordanian school year is longer than this. However, none of these are nearly as long as the

school year in countries like Japan and South Korea. South Koreans attend school for 220 days per year, and in Japan, the school year numbers 243 days.

٣ب ٣187ؼك اجت ك٢ مي ئ٠ أ هل عل أ جخ الاه اضب٣خ ك٢ اال٣بد ازؾلح اخ ازؾلح ٣ أه هذ ك٢ الهخ, ثؼل

ػ٠ أ٣خ ؽب, ٤ ث٤ ن ال ب ٣ ك٤ اؼب الها٢ ب ػ٤ . رؼزجو اخ الها٤خ امع٤خ ك٢ األهك أ مي. ؼب الها٢

243 ك٢ ا٤بثب ك٤جؾ ػلك أ٣ب اؼب الها٢ ٣ب أ٣ب اؼب ك٢ الهخ, 220كبطجخ اه٣ اغث٤ ٣ . ك٢ ا٤بثب ه٣ب اغث٤خ

.٣ب According to a study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),students in Japan, Indonesia and South Korea spend the most time studying in the

world. Theywant to learn as much as they can to ensure excellent exam grades.

They go to school forabout nine hours, although this includes optional after-school tuition and activities. They also spend about three hours on homework every day, which is three times as much as many other countries. Their high academic achievements do suggest that the longer you study, the better you do in final exams.

academic connected with education, especially at college or university level

أبك٤٣ب

contradictory if two ideas are contradictory they are completely different and thus unable to both be true

زبه

developed nation

a rich country that has many industries, comfortable living for most people, and usually an elected government

اخ زطهح

fluently speaking a language very well, like a native speaker

ثطالهخ

tuition teaching, especially in small groups ازؼ٤ ك٢ غػبد ـ٤وح

optional available as a choice / elective افز٤به١

compulsory obligatory; required ئعجبه١

10

, كا جخ ا٤بثب ئل٤٤ب ه٣ب اغث٤خ ٣ أضو هذ ك٢ الهاخ ػ٠ (OECD) از٤خ االهزبك١ثؾت كهاخ أعورب ظخ ازؼب

٣ ك٢ الهخ رغ بػبد رز عك . االزؾبؽ٤ش أ ٣ؼ ئ٠ رؼ أجو هله زؾ٤ أػ٠ اؼالبد ك٢ . ز اؼب

٣ أ٣ب هواثخ اضالس بػبد ك٢ رأك٣خ اعجبر اله٤خ ٣ نا ٣ض صالس أؼبف ب . ببد رؼ٤٤خ ئبك٤خ ثؼل ئزبء الا اله٢

. أ ب ىاك هذ كهازي, ب رؾ أكائي ك٢ االزؾببد ابئ٤خحاألبك٢٣رجأ ئغبىار . ػ٤ اؾب ك٢ ال األفو In Finland, however, students are usually given less than half an hour of homework per night, and they attend school for fewer and shorter days than 85% of other developed nations.

Despite this, they achieve top marks in subjects like Maths and Science. In addition, most

students also speak at least two, and often three, languages fluently. The contradictory views of the study suggest that the number and length of school days is not the only factor in determining whether students will succeed at school or not.

٣زؾو ثبلهخ ؼلك أ٣ب أه أهو ظوائ ك٢ .ك٢ كلا, ػ٠ أ١ ؽب, ٣ؼط٠ اطجخ ػبكح أه ق بػخ ااعجبد ٣

ػالح ػ٠ مي, كا ؼظ اطالة . ػ٠ اوؿ مي, كا ٣ؾوو أػ٠ ازبئظ ك٢ ا٤غ ض او٣ب٤بد اؼ. ال ازولخ% 85

رق ازبئظ ازبهخ لهاخ أ ػلك األ٣ب الها٤خ ٤ اؼب اؽ٤ل ان١ ٣ؾلك . ٣زؾلص ػ٠ األه ـز٤ ك٢ اـبت صالس ـبد ثطالهخ

.ئما ب ب اطجخ ٤غؾ ك٢ الهخ أ ال

اةـاه٣ اذــر

4/ SB page 45

Listen to and read the study‟s findings again and answer the questions.

1.What change has recently taken place in some American schools, and why has this occurred? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.Who does more homework on average: students in the USA or students in Japan? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.How many days a year do most students in the USA attend school? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.Is it compulsory to do after-school activities in Japan and South Korea? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.What is interesting about Finland‘s fewer and shorter school days? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. In which countries students spend the most time studying? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.Do you think that a longer school day would result in better grades for most students? Why/Why not? Justify your answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11

COMPREHENSION TEST

1- 1,000 schools across the USA started making school years longer by two ways . Write them down . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Write down the sentence which indicates that Jordanian students attend school for more than 187 days per year.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. There are two main qualities of Finland‘s students . Write down these two qualities . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.Quote the sentence which shows the reason why the American schools started making school years longer? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. There are many countries where students spend most their time studying, write down two of these countries. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Finland‘s fewer and shorter school days is interesting for two reasons. Write them down ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Find a word in the text which has the opposite meaning of 'compulsory'.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ( pronouns ) refer to ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. According to the Finland‘s views of study, the number and the length of school days is not the only factor in determining whether students will succeed at school or not. Suggest three factors would result in better grades for most students. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.The longer you study, the better you do in final exams. Think of this statement , and in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12

SB page 46Space Schools

KEY WORDS

Studio schools are pioneering schools which receive funding as wellas support from private

businesses, and which seek to encourage youngpeople to undertake a less conventional form

of secondary education.These schools often specialise in one specific area, whilst understandingthat the same broad range of skills and qualifications should be madeavailable to all young people.

ث رؼ٤ االزؾبم اوطبع االهزبك١ اقب رؼ٠ ئ٠ رغ٤غ اجبة ػ٠ اب٤خ الػ هائلح رؾ ػ٠ اإلػبخ األزك٣ لاهرؼزجو لاه

. ؿبجب ب رزق ن الاه ثغبالد ؼ٤خ غ ك أ ل اوله اج٤و ابهاد اإالد ٣غت أ رزكو غ٤غ اجبة. صب١ ؿ٤و رو٤ل١

One such school has recently opened to educate fourteen- to eighteen-year-olds who have a

special interest in working in the space industry. Students follow a tailor-made curriculum at

the school, including subjects such as Astronomy and Astrophysics. Lessons are a mixture of

small-class tutorials, with projects supervised by leading companies in both the space and technology industries.

٣زؾن . فب ثبؼ ك٢ غب بػبد البءازب ػوح ئ٠ اضبخ ػوح, ان٣ ل٣ حهل ر اكززبػ لهخ ب زؼ٤ اجب اواثغ

رزأق اله غػبد كها٤خ ـ٤وح رؼ ػ٠ . جخ الهخ ثبط زق ٣ؾز١ ػ٠ ػبد ض ػ الي ال٤ي٣بء ال٤خ

. به٣غ روف ػ٤ب وبد هائلح ك٢ غب٢ بػبد البء ازع٤ب

Prominent scientists and engineers are brought in as guest lecturers, with students aiming to

achieve top grades in their Maths and Science exams. When they leave school, they will be

well-placed to take any number of different career paths. ‗They don‘t have to become astronauts!‘ says a spokesperson for the school. ‗Excellent grades in science and technology subjects can open many doors and lead to a variety of career opportunities.‘

ػلب ٣ـبكه . ٤ز ازوطبة ػبء ل٤ ثبهى٣ ؾبو٣ ٤ف طجخ لك رؾ٤ أػ٠ اؼالبد ك٢ ازؾببد او٣ب٤بد اؼ

كبؼالبد از٤يح ك٢ . " الهخثب٣و ابن ." طو٣ أ ٣ا هاك كبء٣ا . " بهاد ظ٤ل٤خ زؼلكحئالهخ, ٤ ٢

ػبد اؼ ازع٤ب رلزؼ ػلح أثاة روك ئ٠ كو ظ٤ل٤خ زػخ

pioneering introducing new and better methods or ideas for the first time ه٣بك١

undertake to commit yourself to do something and to start to do it ٣زؼل/ ٣زي

qualifications official record of achievement إالد

tailor made custom-made; made to fit exactly اك٢ / ف٤ب

او

Astrophysics the study of the chemical structure of the stars and the forces that influence them ال٤ي٣بء ال٤خ

tutorials a period of intensive teaching and discussion given by a tutor to an individual student or a small group of students

ح ف٢كه

13

اةـاه٣ اذــر

4/ SB page 46

How are the following groups of people involved in space schools?

1.leading companies in the space and technology industries

............................................................................................................................................................................... 2.prominent scientists and engineers

..................................................................................................................................................................................

Quotation / SB page 46

Read the quotation. Do you agree with it? Why/Why not?

‘’Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. Mahatma Gandhi (1869 CE–1948 CE)‘‘ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPREHENSION TEST

1- Quote the sentence which indicates that a school has been opened to take care of students who are interested in space industry. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Space Schools teach their students special subjects related to space. Mention two examples of such subjects. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.There are some qualities of studio schools . Write down two of them ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What is meant by studio schools / Quote the sentence which indicates the definition of studio schools . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Who supports and funds studio schools? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Quote the sentence which indicates the beneit of getting high grades in subjects like Math, Science and other technology subjects? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. What does the underlined adjectivetailor made mean?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ( pronouns ) refer to ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The writer states that Studio Schools encourage young people to undertake less conventional form of secondary education. Suggest three methods to help making education less conventional. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Many schools receive funding as well as support from private businesses for special educational purposes. Think of this statement and, in two sentences ,write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14

TEACHER OF ENGLISH JAMAL SAFI 0777376260

SB page 49

A visiting student‟s / Anita‟s blog post

KEY WORDS

Two summers ago, I spent five months studying Arabic at the German-Jordanian

University near Madaba. As my father is originally from Jordan, I grew up speaking Arabic as well as German. However, I had never studied Arabic formally, and when the opportunity came up for me to spend a year in Jordan studying Arabic, I didn‘t hesitate for one moment.

أل أث٢ أ األهك, كول . األب٤خ ثبووة ل٣خ بكثباألهك٤خ, أ٤ذ فخ ه ك٢ كهاخ اـخ اؼوث٤خ ك٢ اغبؼخ (٤ل٤)هج ػب٤

ػ٠ أ١ ؽب, ٣جن ٢ أ كهذ اـخ اؼوث٤خ ث ه٢, ػلب ؾذ ٢ الوخ ثأ أ٢ . روث٤ذ أب أرؾلس اـز٤ اؼوث٤خ األب٤خ

.خ ك٢ األهك لهاخ اـخ اؼوث٤خ أروكك ؾظخ I have relatives in Jordan and they arranged for me to stay with a wonderful family

who live just outside Madaba. I was amazed by the number of international students there,

who were not only from Germany, but from all over the world. Most of them had studied

Arabic to a high level. I‘m very familiar with colloquial Arabic, which is what my family speaks

and understands. The Arabic class, in Modern Standard Arabic, was challenging, especially the grammar. Every week, we had to learn a vocabulary list of around 50 words. We covered many topics. Living with a family helped to improve my Arabic-speaking skills because, while all the students heard Arabic in the classroom and streets, I could also practise it at home. I really

put my back into it, and I earned an‘ A‘ on the course.

هل ذ لخ ػلك اطجخ األعبت بى, ان٣ أرا ٤ كو . ٢ أهبهة ك٢ األهك هل هرجا ٢ أ أه٤ غ ػبئخ هائؼخ ر فبهط ل٣خ بكثب

أب أب كؼ٠ ؼوكخ ثبغخ اؼوث٤خ اؼب٤خ از٢ بذ . ؼظ كه اـخ اؼوث٤خ ئ٠ ز زول. أب٤ب كؾت ث أ٣ب ع٤غ أهعبء اؼب

ب ػ٤ب أ زؼ أجع . هل ب ق اـخ اؼوث٤خ, اق ـخ اؼوث٤خ الؾ٠, ض٤وا زؾل١ فبخ اواػل. رزؾلس ثب ػبئز٢ رلب

هل بػل٢ اؼ٤ غ ػبئخ ػوث٤خ ض٤وا ػ٠ رط٣و بهار٢ ك٢ ازؾلس ثبـخ اؼوث٤خ . هبئخ ثؾا٢ ف٤ خ عل٣لح ؽ اؼل٣ل اا٤غ

ثنذ هبه كول . أل, ػ٠ ػ اطجخ ا٥فو٣ ان٣ ٣ؼ اـخ اؼوث٤خ ك٢ اـوكخ ال٤خ ابهع, كول ب ثاب٢ بهزب ك٢ اي

".أ" ك٢ مي, ؽذ ػ٠ ز٤غخ عل١

colloquial (adjective) (of language or words) used mainly in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal speech

كاهط/ ػب٢

fluently speaking a language very well, like a native speaker ثطالهخ

15

What impressed me most about students in Jordan was their behaviour and their attitude to studying. All the students who I met appreciated the importance of their university education and the opportunities it would give them to contribute to their country‘s prosperity. They also showed extremely positive values. Everybody was honest, and people discussed problems rather than getting angry if they disagreed with each other.

ئ٣ببك اطجخ ان٣ هبثز با ٣وله أ٤خ كهاز اغبؼ٤خ الو از٢ زؾ . رعبر الها٤خاألهكان١ أػغج٢ ثطجخ

كبغ٤غ با ٣زؾ ثبلم, اب ٣به اػبد ثلال أ . ئبكخ ئ٠ أ ٣ظو ه٤ب ئ٣غبث٤خ ػب٤خ. أع ابخ ك٢ هكب ثل

٣زلوا غ ثؼ٣ـجا ئما

As someone who enjoys delicious food, beautiful places and friendly, hospitable people, studying in Jordan was one of the best decisions I have made in my life. I made many new friends. I also improved my Arabic speaking, writing and reading skills. My dream is to be fluent in Arabic one day – and as I intend to return to Jordan as often as I can, I know I‘m going to make this dream a reality.

هل . از٢ ارقنرب ك٢ ؽ٤بر٢د٢ أززغ ثبطؼب ا٢, األب اغ٤خ اب اوبء اكك, كول بذ كهاز٢ ك٢ األهك أك اوواها

ؽ٢ أ أرؾلس اـخ اؼوث٤خ ثطالهخ, أل٢ أ١ أ أػك ألهك ثوله ب . هد هلهار٢ ك٢ اؾبكصخ اوواءح ازبثخ. ذ لاهبد ػل٣لح

.أزط٤غ, كأب اصوخ رؾو٤ن ؽ٢

اةـاه٣ اذــر

8/ SB page 49

Read the blog again and answer the questions.

1.Why was Anita so willing to go to Jordan to study Arabic? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.What impressed Anita about her fellow students at theuniversity? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.What does the idiom in bold in the text mean? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. Several aspects about the Jordanian students impressed Anita. Write down two of them. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Anita has got many benefits from studying in Jordan . Write down two of them. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.Write down the sentence which indicates that many students from all over the world come to study in German-Jordanian University. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Anita can speak two languages . Write them down. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Write down the sentence which shows that Anita is used to colloquial Arabic. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Qoute the sentence which shows the number of words that the students had to learn weekly. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. What does the underlined word colloquial mean ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. What do the underlined words ( pronouns ) refer to ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. According to the Anita's blog, the Arabic class in Modern standard Arabic, was challenging, especially the grammar . Suggest three benefits of learning more than one language. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Living with a family is a useful way to learn a new language quickly . Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17

AB page 33

After school …

KEY WORDS

In England, almost 50% of school leavers go on to higher education. The figure has not always

been as high as this. Twenty years ago, it was closer to 30%, and thirty years before that, it

was only about 5%. Another huge change has been financial. Before 1998 CE, higher

education in the UK was completely free for UK citizens. Since then, tuition fees have been

introduced. Most students borrow this money from the government. They don't have to repay

it immediately. Instead, they pay it back slowly out of future earnings.

% 30هج ػو٣ ػب, ب اوه ٣وبهة . نا اوه ٣ كائب ب ػ٤ ا٥. ٣ـبكه الهخ ثبزؼ٤ اؼب٢% 50ك٢ اغزوا, ٣زؾن

ب ازؼ٤ ك٢ اخ ازؾلح غب٤ب ثبب 1998كوج ػب . ازـ٤٤و ا٥فو ان١ وأ ب ب٤ب%. 5هج مي ثؾ صالص٤ ػب ب اوه كو

. لكؼب جبوح ٣٣زوو ؼظ اطجخ ن او اؾخ ٤ا طو. ن مي اؾ٤, كوذ او الها٤خ. ا٤ اخ

.ثلال مي, ك ٣لكب ثجء ب ٣ج ك٢ ازوج

Despite the high cost, most students choose to study away from home. A recent survey of 17,000 students revealed that only 7% wanted to stay at home while they studied for their degree. Of course for most young people, living away from home means borrowing even more money from the government. So why don‘t students choose to avoid debt by staying at home,

where they don't have to pay rent? Most of them say that they want to move to the university

of their choice, rather than the nearest one. Another strong motive is the desire to live in a new culture. Where do these students live? Many have rooms in halls of residence, especially

in their first year; others rent flats or houses. A lucky minority live in property that their

parents have bought for them. Most of them need to learn to cook, do their own washing and manage their time and money.

financial relating to money أه ب٤خ

halls of residence accommodation provided by a university or college اغبؼخ

motive reason for doing something ؽبكي

minority not many ,the opposite of majority األه٤خ

debts money you owe ك٣

fees costs ,charges ه/ أعه

tuition teaching, especially in small groups ازؼ٤ ك٢ غػبد

ـ٤وح

degree a qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed a course of study

كهعخ ػ٤خ/ بكح

18

كو أهاكا % 7 بت ػ٠ أ 17.000أظود كهاخ ؽل٣ضخ ذ . ػ٠ اوؿ ازلخ اؼب٤خ, كا ؼظ اطجخ ٣قزبه الهاخ فبهط اجالك

. ثبطجغ, ثبجخ ؼظ اجبة كا اؼ٤ ك٢ اقبهط ٣ؼ٢ اهزوا اي٣ل اب اؾخ. اجوبء ك٢ ثالك ؾ ػ٠ بكر اغبؼ٤خ

, بما ال ٣زغت اطجخ االزلاخ ػ و٣ن الهاخ ك٢ ثلا, ؽ٤ش ال ٣طو لكغ اإل٣غبه؟ ئال أ ؼظ ٣و أ ٣و٣ل أ ٣قزبها

أ٣ ٣ إالء اطجخ؟ . الاكغ ا٥فو هؿجز ك٢ ازؼوف ػ٠ صوبكخ عل٣لح. اغبؼخ از٢ ٣ك الهاخ ك٤ب, ال الهاخ ك٢ اغبؼخ األهوة

اوخ اؾظظخ ٣ ك٢ ػوبه ازوا . اؼل٣ل ٣ ك٢ ؿوف ابد فبخ ك٢ اخ األ٠ الهاخ, آفو ٣زأعو اون اج٤د

. ؿبج٤ز ثؾبعخ زؼ ٤ق ٣ؼل اطؼب, ٣ـ, ٣ل٣و أهبر أا. آثبئ

اةـاه٣ اذــر

8 / AB page 33

Read the text quickly. Use the context to guess the meaning of the underlined words and

match them with their meanings. The first one is done for you.

1. accommodation provided by a university or college:halls of residence

2. reason for doing something: ……………………………………………………………….

3. not many, the opposite of „majority‟:…………………………………………………

4. costs, charges:…………………………………………………………………………..

5. money you owe:…………………………………………………………………………..

6. relating to money:………………………………………………………………………..

9 / AB page 33

Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false statements.

1.The number of school leavers who go to university in England has greatly increased in the past 30 years. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.It‘s more expensive to go to university than it used to be. …………………………………………… 3.University students have to pay before they study. …………………………………………………… 4.Most university students choosethe cheapest option. ………………………………………………..

10 / AB page 33

Answer the following questions.

1.What does the word ‗it‘ in boldrefer to in the first paragraph? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.The first paragraph contains the phrase in bold ‗another huge change‘. What was the first huge change? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.How are students able to afford to leave home? Which part of the text tells you this?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

19

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. There were two huge changes which occurred in higher education inEngland. Write them down. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Write down the sentence which indicates that students don't have to pay off the government at once. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Quote the sentence which indicates the challenges which face the students who choose to study abroad. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The writer mentioned two reasons that make students choose to study away from home, what are they? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Where do students who study abroad live? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6.Find a word in the text which has the opposite meaning of "majority".

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7- Find a word in the text which means "reason for doing something"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ( pronouns ) refer to ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. The writer states that it is expected that students who choose to study away from home will face many difficulties. Suggest three tips to make studying abroad less challenging. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. Studying abroad has many advantages and disadvantages. Think to this statement and in two sentences write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....

20

The word (s) English Meaning Arabic Meaning

academic connected with education, especially at college or university level

أبك٤٣ب

compulsory obligatory; required ئعجبه١

contradictory if two ideas are contradictory they are completely different and thus unable to both be true

زبه

developed nation

a rich country that has many industries, comfortable living for most people, and usually an elected government

اخ زطهح

fluently speaking a language very well, like a native speaker ثطالهخ

drop ( course ) to stop studying a certain subject at university ٣و بكح

economics the study of the way in which money and goods are produced and used

ػ االهزبك

engineering the study of how roads, bridges, machines, etc. are built

لخ

enrol to officially arrange to join a school, university or course ٣غ

lifelong continuing or existing throughout your life ل اؾ٤بح

agriculture the science or practice of farming ايهاػخ

Astrophysics the study of the chemical structure of the stars and the forces that influence them ال٤ي٣بء ال٤خ

pharmacy the study and practice of preparing drugs or medicines l ٤ل٤خ

pioneering introducing new and better methods or ideas for the first time

ه٣بك١

proficiency a good standard of ability and skill بهح/ عكح

psychology the study of the mind and how it works ػ ال

qualifications official record of achievement إالد

undertake to commit yourself to do something and to start to do it ٣زؼل/ ٣زي

sociology the study of societies and the behaviour of people in groups ػ االعزبع

colloquial (adjective) (of language or words) used mainly in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal speech

كاهط/ ػب٢

tutorials a period of intensive teaching and discussion given by a tutor to an individual student or a small group of students

ح ف٢كه

business management

an area of study which involves learning about running a company, in areas like controlling, leading, monitoring, organizing and planning

ئكاهحأػب

linguistics the study of the grammar, history and structure of languages ػ اـ٣بد

halls of residence

accommodation provided by a university or college اغبؼخ

motive reason for doing something ؽبكي

minority not many ,the opposite of majority األه٤خ

debts money you owe ك٣

fees costs, charges ه/ أعه

financial relating to money أه ب٤خ

tuition teaching, especially in small groups ازؼ٤ ك٢ غػبد

ـ٤وح

optional available as a choice / elective افز٤به١

21

marketing the study of selling products to the appropriate customer

ر٣ن

tailor made custom-made; made to fit exactly اك٢ / ف٤ب

او

degree a qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed a course of study

كهعخ ػ٤خ/ بكح

Body Idioms

get it off (your) chest to tell someone about something that has been worrying you

تشتك همومك /٣ووي االػزواف ثب ألحدهم

get cold feet to lose your confidence in something at the last minute

/ ١ء هك االزواه ثجت اقف

أ رلول اضوخ ثبل ك٢ اؾظخ األف٤وح

keep your chin up

to remain cheerful in difficult

situations;an expression of

encouragement

اؼه ثبزلبؤ ك٢ اظوف اؼجخ

play it by ear to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops

رووه ثوػخ ٤ق رزؼب غ هق ؽت

رطه

have ahead for figures to have a natural mental ability for math / numbers

ك٢ او٣ب٤بد ازالى اولهاد اؼو٤خ

األههب

put (my) back into it to put a lot of effort into something /

tired extremely hard بم, زؼت / ٣جن هبه اغل ؼ ب

اةـاه٣ اذــر

6 / SB page 47

Work in pairs. Discuss the subjects that you are interested in studying at university.

Which subjects fit into the categories Sciences, Arts and Humanities, or Business? Which

are more difficult to classify?

Sciences ……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………….

Arts and Humanities …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………

Business …………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………

difficult to classify ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………

Maths, Dentistry, Arabic Language and Literature, Pharmacy, Marketing,

الراضات, طب األسنان , اللؽة العربة و ادابها , الصدلة , التسوق Geology, Psychology, Translation, Visual Arts, Chemistry, Sociology,

علم االجتماعػ األه, ػ ال , ازوعخ , ال اجو٣خ , ا٤٤بء , Banking and Finance, History, Nursing, Agriculture, Physics ,Engineering,

ػ ب٤خ وك٤خ , ازبه٣ـ, ازو٣ , ايهاػخ , ال٤ي٣بء , الخ Linguistics, Economics, Business Management, Biology, Medicine, Geography

ػ اـخ , ػ االهزبك , ػبئكاهحاال , ػ األؽ٤بء, ػ اطت , اغـواك٤ب

22

3 / SB page 48

Complete this paragraph with the appropriate words :

ث زيا٣ل, لب٤ , ػب٢ , لبءح , اؾ٤بح , ك٢ اقبهط

Increasingly, prospects, global, proficiency, lifelong, abroad

If you do a degree in Medicine or Law, you will find that your job(1) ………………are better than if

you do a more general degree. However, language (2)…………….is becoming

(3)…………….important for anyone who wants to travel or work (4)……………for a large

(5)……………….. company or organisation. Remember, it‘s never too late to study or change career

direction. Studying is a (6)……………….activity – you‘re never too old to start!

4 / SB page 48

What do you know about the German-Jordanian University? Work in pairs and guess the

correct answers.

The German-Jordanian University (GJU) is a (1) private / publicuniversity near (2) Madaba /

Petra. It opened in (3) 1995 / 2005 CE.The university enrolls (4) less / morethan 5,000

students, who comefrom Jordan and (5) many other countries / Germany. About (6) 40 / 14

per cent of all students are non-Jordanian.The university differs from other universities by

offering (7) German / Frenchlanguage courses in preparation for the fourth year, which most

students spend working or studying in Germany. The university alsohas a very good reputation for English and Arabic language courses.

1 / AB page 31

Replace the words and phrases in bold with words from the box. One word is not needed.

The first one is done for you.

compulsory, contradictory,developed nation, tuition,optional, fluently

1. A wealthy countryis a country that‘s economically and socially advanced.developed

nation

2.Is Maths a subject that you have to do? …………………………………

3.You don‘t have to stay after school for the chess club – it‘s your choice. ………………………

4.Do you have music lessonsat the weekend? …………………………………….

5.Those statements are on different sides of the argument ………………………………..

23

2 / AB page 31

Use the extra word from exercise 1 in a sentence of your own.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7 / AB page 32

The following paragraphs are comments made by university students. Fill in the gaps

with the appropriate university subjects. One subject is not needed.

Banking and Finance, Linguistics, Fine Arts ,History,Physics, Law

1. You should study __________________ if you‘re interested in learning about the legal system. I studied it because I wanted to help people, and now I have a great job in an office. 2.Studying __________________ lets me focus on my love of language in an analytical way. It has introduced me to ideas about language that I never thought of before. 3.Maths has always been my strongest subject, and I feel that by studying_____________ I can use my strengths to solve practical problems. 4.__________________ is a subject that I‘ve always been interested in. Learning about ancient and modern civilisations is fascinating. Studying it at a higher level means really understanding how different cultures interacted in the past. 5.Economics and the global market have always interested me, but I wanted to study a subject with a clear career path, so I chose __________________. After I graduate, I want to begin a career in investment.

11 / AB page 34

Complete the sentences with the following body idioms. Work in pairs and check that

you understand their meanings.

get it off your chest, get cold feet, play it by ear,keep

your chin up, have a head for figures

1.I‘m too nervous to do a parachute jump. I think that I‘ll………………….. at the last minute. 2.If you‘ve got a problem, talk to someone about it. It helps to ………………………… . 3.I don‘t think I‘d be a very good accountant. I don‘t really …………………………………. . 4. …………………………………………! I‘m sure everything will be fine in the end. 5.I‘m not sure if it‘ll be warm enough to have a barbecue. We‘ll have to …………………………..

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UNIT SIX

Education today

MODEL ANSWERS

5/ SB page 45

1. the most 2. The least 3. not as many4. more; less 5. as much as 6. as popular as

4/ AB page 31

1. the most 2. longer 3. later 4. the least 5. earlier

5/ AB page 32

1.the most popular 2. Not as many 3. as popular as4. more popular 5. The fastest 6. less popular than 7. more people 8. least popular

6/ AB page 54

1. There isn‘t as much information on the website as in the book. 2. I have got less home work than my brother. 3. The least expensive thing on the menu is orange juice. 4. Khleda is more active than Manar. 5. American English is less difficult than British English. 6. Joory is more accurate than Sara and Yasmeen. 7. English children start school a year earlier than Jordanian children. 8.Nour is taller than Dana and Sara

9Science isless popular than Maths. / Science isn‟t as popular as Maths.

10.Japanese children have to go to school for shorter than Portuguese children.

11.Physics is less popular than Biology. / Biology is more popular than Physics.

12.The ordinary newspapers are more acceptable than the electronic ones.

13.There are fewer people in my class than in yours.

14.I eat less fast food than my brother does./ My brother eats more fast food than I do .

The time we spend at school

4/ SB page 45

1. They have started making the school year longer because they were one of the countries in which children were spending the least amount of time in school. 2. Students in Japan do more homework on average. 3. Most students attend school 187 days per year. 4. No, it isn‘t; it is optional. 5. Despite the shortness of the time pupils spend at school, they achieve top marks in subjects like Maths and Science, and can speak at least two, and often three, languages fluently. 6. Japan, Indonesia and South Korea 7. Suggested answer: A longer school day, depending on how it was constructed, might improve students‘ grades. It would necessitate well-structured timetables, with time spent on individual study during the day and less homework at night. It would also need to include a lot of subjects such as Physical Education, Drama and Music, and even some activities that are seen as extra-curriculam, such as crafts and creative writing.

25

COMPREHENSION TEST

1.By adding up to ten extra days to the school year or by making each school day longer by half an hour. 2. The typical Jordanian school year is longer than this. 3. In Finland, however, students are usually given less than half an hour of homework per night, and they attend school for fewer and shorter days than 85% of other developed nations. 4. This was because it was found that secondary school students in the USA and the UK were spending the least time at school, with an average school year of 187 days. 5. Indonesia and South Korea 6. They achieve top marks in subjects like Maths and Science. In addition, most students also speak at least two, and often three, languages fluently. 7. optional. 8. this : an average school year of 187 days/ they : students in Japan, Indonesia and South Korea / they :students in Finland.

9. There are many factors would result in better grades for most students like following well-structured timetables and spending more time on individual study during the day and less homework at night . Also, including a lot of subjects such as Physical Education, Drama and Music. 10.I agree with this statement because if you study longer time you will be able to do your exams perfectly and confident of your ability to treat with different kinds of exams. These qualities lead to higher marks in final exams.

Space Schools

4/ SB page 46

1. The companies supervise projects given to students. 2. The scientists and engineers are brought in as guest lecturers.

Quotation / SB page 46

I agree with this quotation because you need to keep learning in order to keep up with what is happening in the world. It‘s not only school subjects that Gandhi is talking about. He is thinking about the changing world and how we need to keep up with it. So he is advising us to take advantage of everything there is and embrace learning in order to have a better life.

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. One such school has recently opened to educate fourteen- to eighteen-year-olds who have a

special interest in working in the space industry. 2. Astronomy and Astrophysics.

3. Studio schools are pioneering schools which receive funding as wellas support from private businesses,

4. Studio schools are pioneering schools which receive funding as well as support from private businesses, and which seek to encourage young people to undertake a less conventional form

of secondary education. 5.The private businesses. 6.Excellent grades in science and technology subjects can open many doors and lead to a variety of career opportunities.

7. custom-made; made to fit exactly 8. which : Studio schools / who : fourteen- to eighteen-year-olds students/ their : students . 9. There are many methods to help making education less conventional like using the interactive multimedia and teachers take part in new roles in line with the scientific and technological enormous progress. Also, designing new and advanced educational models and train teachers on them. 10. I think that many schools receive funding as well as support from private businesses for special educational purposes because they need special techniques and the financial cost may be high in terms of hosting prominent experts and scientists so there is a significant trend towards private businesses to receive their support.

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A visiting student‟s / Anita‟s blog post

8/ SB page 49

1. Her father is Jordanian and she has always spoken Arabic at home, but she had never studied it formally. She also had family in Jordan who could help her. 2. Their behaviour and attitude to studying was very good. They fully understood the importance of studying and how it would help them and their country. 3. tried extremely hard.

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. Their behaviour and their attitude to studying. They also showed extremely positive values. 2. She made many new friends. She also improved her Arabic speaking, writing and reading skills. 3. I was amazed by the number of international students there, who were not only from Germany, but from all over the world. 4. Arabic and German 5. I‘m very familiar with colloquial Arabic, which is what my family speaks and understands.

6. Every week, we had to learn a vocabulary list of around 50 words. We covered many topics. 7. A language or words used mainly in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal speech. 8. I : Anita / there : the German-Jordanian University / which : colloquial Arabic 9. There are many benefits of learning more than one language like giving a competitive edge when searching for jobs and travelling easily without having trouble with translations. Also, giving a great chance to understand the world we live in.

10. I think that Living with a family is a useful way to learn a new language quickly because it helps to practise the language and understand it . Also, it helps to use what has been learnt at school or university in the practical life.

After school …

8 / AB page 33

1. halls of residence 2. motive 3. minority 4. fees 5. debt 6. financial

9 / AB page 33

1. T 2. T 3. F: They pay the government back out of future earnings. 4 F: Most students choose to study away from home.

10 / AB page 33

1. the percentage of school leavers going on to higher education 2. the change over 50 years of the percentage of school leavers going on to higher education increasing by ten times (from 5 to 50%) 3. They borrow money from the government(lines 10–11)

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. 50% of school leavers go on to higher education. Another huge change has been financial

2. They don't have to repay it immediately. 3. Most of them need to learn to cook, do their own washing and manage their time and money.

4. Most of them say that they want to move to the university of their choice, rather than the nearest one. Another strong motive is the desire to live in a new culture. 5. Many have rooms in halls of residence, especially in their first year; others rent flats or houses. A lucky minority live in property that their parents have bought for them. 6. minority. 7. motive 8. they : most students / where : at home / others : other students who choose to study abroad. 9. There are many tips to make studying abroad less challenging like adapting to the country‘s tradition and culture in which you study and being familiar with your new neighbours. Also, finding new friends to share them your happiness and worrying. 10. I think that studying abroad has many advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand you know more about different cultures and gain new experience of how to depend on yourself . On the other hand you may feel that you are isolated because you are away from your family and friends.

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6 / SB page 47

Sciences: Maths, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Geology, Chemistry, Agriculture, Physics, Engineering, Biology, Medicine Arts and Humanities: Arabic Language and Literature, Translation, Visual Arts, Sociology,History Business: Marketing, Banking and Finance, Economics, Business Management Psychology, Nursing, Linguistics and Geography are more difficult to classify, because they involve elements of study from more than one category. For example, Linguistics involves scientific knowledge and critical theory.

3 / SB page 48

1. prospects 2. proficiency 3. increasingly4. abroad 5. global 6. lifelong

4 / SB page 48

1. public 2. Madaba 3. 2005 4.more 5. many other countries 6. 14 7. German

1 / AB page 31

1. developed nation 2. compulsory 3. optional 4. tuition 5. contradictory

2 / AB page 31

Students‘ own answers

7 / AB page 32

1. Law 2. Linguistics 3. Physics 4. history 5. Banking and Finance

11 / AB page 34

1. get cold feet 2. get it off your chest 3. have a head for figures 4. keep your chin up 5. play it by ear

28

UNIT SEVEN

Lifelong learning

Indirect ( embedded / impersonal ) questions

The function : We can use indirect questions to ask questions in a polite, formal way

.نستخدم األسئلة ؼر المباشرة لطرح أسئلة بطرقة مؤدبة أو رسمة*

● We can begin impersonal questions with :

-Could you tell me …; كأن تخبرن لهل -Do you know …;رؼ

-Do / would you mind telling me …; رقجو٢أ رؼ / ربغ

-I wonder if you could explain …; اربء ك٤ب اما ي ا روػ

-Could you explain …; ي ب روػ

- Would you happen to know …; جن أ ػوكذ

ك٢ اب٣خ ػالخ اإا اال او غ افزالف ث٤ زبثخ أئخثؼل زبثخ ن اؼجبهاد ٣ رو٤ت اغخ ثل ازو٤ت ازقل ك٢ *

. ثؾ٤ش ٣جو٠ ب إا ػل رؾ٣ ى اني

* Who is that man ? Do you know who that man is ?

* Where is the nearest bank ? Could you tell me where the nearest bank is ?

1.Wh – questions ( األئخ االزلبه٣خ) :

.when , where , what , how , which , why , who ض (wh) أ ( h) ٢ األئخ از٢ رجلأ ثبد رجلأ ثـ –

: اقطاد

. ؟ئبهح اإا. 6رخ ب رجو٠ اغخ . 5الؼ . 4البػ . 3أكاح اإا . 2افز٤به ج عخ رؾ٤٣خ بجخ .1

ثؼل اقطح األ٠.ص ثو٤خ اقطاد, زت أكاح اإا ب ثؼلب ؽز٠ لؼ ابػل ( Wh الؽظخ )ك٢ ع٤غ ؽبالد أئخ :

Why is he unhappy ? Could you explain ……………………………………….

How long has she been studying English ?

Do you know ……………………………………………………………….

When will Fares have finished the project ?

Do you mind telling me …………………………………………………………..

2. Yes / No questions ال / أئخ ؼ

:اقطاد

.؟ئبهح اإا. 6رخ ب رجو٠ اغخ . 5الؼ . 4البػ . 3 whether / if .1. 2افز٤به ج عخ رؾ٤٣خ بجخ ازت

Has the football match begun?

Do you mind telling me ………………………………………………………….

2. Is there a postbox near here , please?

Do you know .....................................................................................

3. Can I use your pen ?

Could you tell me ................................................................................

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( do ) ازؼب غ أكؼب

.: ب ٢٣ رل ػ٠ ى الؼ ان١ ٤٣ب ال رظو ػل ازؾ٣ ( do ) أكؼب*

do ( رؾنف ) الؼ اوئ٢٤ base verb does ( رؾنف ) الؼ اوئ٢٤ base verb + s / es did ( رؾنف ) , الؼ اوئ٢٤ simple past ( v 2 )

:الؽظخ ئما اؽزد اغخ ػ٠ don‘t / doesn‘t / didn‘tكاب ال رؾنف ثؾ٤ش ؼ ث٤ب ث٤ البػ ػل اؾ Does Sam live in London ?

Could you tell me …………………………………………………………………………

Why do they look happy ?

Do you mind telling me ………………………………………………………….

How did you solve this puzzle ?

Could you explain …………………………………………………………………………….

Why didn‘t Joory come to the party yesterday ?

Do you know …………………………………………………

ئما ٣زجؼب ٢ء ك٢ ( telling me ٣زجؼب ػبكح ) ( would you mind / do you mind اؼجبهاد ازب٤خ :الؽظخ بخ :

: ثلا٣خ عخ اؾ و ثب ٢٣ )

زؾ٣ ئ٠ ا له غ ؽنف ع٤غ ب هج ( ing **ئما بذ اغخ ػ٠ إا (Yes / No ) )٣بف لؼ اوئ٢٤ (أو٣خ )أ

Can you lend me your book ?

Do you mind …………………………………………………………………………..

Open the door.

Would you mind ……………………………………………………………………………………

(explaining ) ا له٣ل٤ل ازل٤و ض زقل ( Why) ٣جلأ ثـ ( wh) ** ئما بذ اغخ ػ٠ إاWhy do many people move abroad ?

Do you mind ……………………………………………………………..

(telling me ) زقل ( Why) ٣جلأ ثـب١ اكاح ب ػلا ( wh) ** ئما بذ اغخ ػ٠ إاWhere‘s the post office, please?

Do you mind ………………………………………….. ?

اةـاه٣ اذــر

5 / SB page 51

Rewrite these direct questions as indirect questions using all the phrases in the box.

Then ask and answer the questions with your partner.

Could you tell me ... Do you know ...

Do you mind telling me ... Could you explain ...

1. Where should I revise for exams? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. How much sleep do teenagers of our age need? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Is it possible to improve your memory? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. What do you mean by ‗mnemonics‘? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. What should I do on the day before the exam? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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4 / AB page 35

Complete the questions with words from the box. The first one is done for you.

how how much if when where whether who why

1. Do you know if we can take water into the exam?

2. Could you tell me------------------- this book costs, please? 3. Do you know ---------------------I‘ve passed my exam or not? 4. Do you mind telling me------------------ the library is? 5. Could you explain------------------------ I can solve this Maths problem? 6. Could you possibly tell me -------------------------the Arabic teacher is? 7. Do you know------------------------ we‘ll know our results? 8. Do you mind explaining ----------------the sky sometimes looks red?

5 / AB page 36

Complete the following indirect questions. The first one is done for you.

1. Can you suggest a healthy breakfast?

Do you mind suggesting a healthy breakfast?

2. Please help me to plan my revision. Do you mind ---------------------------------------------------? 3. How can I relax? --------------------you explain---------------------------------- ? 4. Are we allowed to eat sweets during the exam? ---------------------you know------------------------------------ ? 5. Please tell me where you found that information. ----------------------mind -----------------------------------------? 6. Does the exam start at ten or half past ten? ----------------------whether------------------------------------- ?

6 / AB page 36

Rearrange the words to make indirect questions. The first one is done for you.

1. if / revise / you / explain / I / the / could / best / wonder / to / way / .

I wonder if you could explain the best way to revise.

2. needs / you / much / sleep / how / a / do / know / teenager / ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. should / much / I / do / could / you /revision / me / tell / how / ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. mind / you / water / giving / a / glass /do / of / me / ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. know / in / would / you / the / happen / whether / to / morning / or / the / in / exercise / is / better / evening / ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

31

Rewrite :

Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the ones above them.

1.Where‘s the post office, please?

Do you mind………………………………………………………………………………. ?

2. How can I get to Queen Alia Airport by public transport?

Could you tell me ……………………………………………………………………………………………..?

3. Where does the bus go from, please ?

Could………………………………………………………..from?

4. Can you suggest the best ways for revising lessons ?

Would you mind ……………………………………………………..?

5. What are the benefits of studying English ?

Could you explain ………………………………………………………………?

6. Are students allowed to navigate the Internet during the open exam?

Do you know……………………………………………………………………………………?

7. Is there a connection between the amount of TV people watch and how fit they are?

Do you know……………………………………………………………………………………

8. What can't we bring onto the plane?

Could you tell me ……………………………………………………….?

32

The impersonal passive

● The impersonal passive (اج٢ غ ؿ٤و اق٢ )is a formal way حو٣وخ ه٢( ) of reporting ( ) و

thoughts saying , (األكبه ) beliefs , (األها ) االػزوبكاد ) ( and opinions ( ا٥هاء) .

● We can use the impersonal passive with say,think, claim, prove , know,believe, expect,

presume, find , consider, suppose, hope , report , suggest and assume .

-They say that dolphins are highly intelligent

It is said that dolphins are highly intelligent.

-Experts believe that learners will absorb the grammar as they learn the vocabulary.

It is believed that learners will absorb the grammar as they learn the vocabulary.

- people thought that the earth was flat.

It was thought that the earth was flat.

-They believe that the story is true

The story is believed to be true.

:ألولى الحالة قيطر It.1 ف بداة الجملة

.حسب زمن الجملة ( is / was / been ) : )Be )فعل مناسب من أفعال . 2 : تحول الفعل المستخدم إلى التصرف الثالث مثل . 3

say said / think thought / claim claimed

prove proved / know known / believe believed

expect expected / presume presumed / find found

consider considered / suppose supposed / hope hoped

report reported / suggest suggested / assume assumed

that كانت ؼر معطاة إذا 4 .

جملة المبن للمعلوم . 5 - People think that it is useful to do exercise daily .

It ………………………………………………………………………………………………

They believe that living with a family improves language skills.

It ……………………………………………………………………………………….

Scientists have proved that social media has affected our live.

It …………………………………………………………………………………………………

:مالحظات إذا كان الفعل المستخدم ف الجملة األصلة هو think مكن تحوله إلى thought أو used to be thought عند الحل

They think that Yasmeen is clever. It is thought that / It is used to be thought

that Yasmeen is clever.

:التحول العكس

- It is thought that the Internet is a double –edge weapon.

People ………………………………………………………

that اذا كانت ؼر معطاة ثم ما تبقى من الجملة االصلة , بعدهااكتب حول الفعل , الى التصرؾ المناسب be و فعل it احذؾ

33

: الثانة الحلة قيطر

. ف بداة الجملة that 1 . كتابة الفاعل الذي أت بعد

.حسب زمن الجملة (is / was / are/ were / been ) : )Be )فعل مناسب من أفعال . 2

: تحول الفعل المستخدم إلى التصرف الثالث مثل . 3 say said / think thought / claim claimed

prove proved / know known / believe believed

expect expected /presume presumed / find found

consider considered / suppose supposed / hope hoped

report reported / suggest suggested / assume assumed

غوكئ٠كؼ رؾ٣ ا بب ص to 4.ؽنف that علد زبثخ ئ

جملة المبن للمعلوم . 5

- People believe that eating almonds reduces the risk of heart disease.

Eating almonds ……………………………………………………………………………………..

-They claim that the Internet has made their lives easier.

The Internet ……………………………………………………………………..

- Doctors say that young people need eight hours of sleep daily.

Young people ……………………………………………………………………………

:ازمنة التحول بالطرقة الثانة

* Present or future Simple: to + infinitive

They say she works hard She is said to work hard

*Past Simple, Past Perfect, Present Perfect to have +v3.

They say she played well She is said to have played well

*Present continuous, ( be + v ing ) to be +v+ing

They say she is working hard She is said to be working hard

*Present perfect continuous , past perfect continuous, past continuous

to have been + v+ ing

They say that she has been working hard She is said to have been working hard

إذا وجد احد أفعال الـ, عند استخدام الطرقة الثانة ف الحل ( Modals ) قبل الفعل الرئس فانه حذؾ **

The students believe that the exam will be easy. The exam …………………………………

( not to ) إذا, عند استخدام الطرقة الثانة ف الحل : عند الحل نستخدم الطرقة التالة , كانت الجملة منفة **

People believe that students don‘t prefer studying for long hours.

Students are believed not to prefer studying for long hours.

:التحول العكس

Eating almond is believed to reduce the risk of heart diseases

- People ………………………………………………………………………………

ربل ا الؼ ٣بت, ا ب رجو٠ اغخ اال٤خ ,that ثـ to ا٠ ازو٣ق ابت ؽ الؼ ثؼلب, ازجل , beاؽنف كؼ

.البػ

34

اةـاه٣ اذــر

4 / SB page 53

Read the two sentences in bold in the essay on page 52. Rewrite them using an active

form. Which option is more formal?

1. Speaking a foreign language, it is claimed, improves the functionality of your brain in several different ways.

People claim that ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. It is believed that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills.

They believe that……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Dolphins are said to be highly intelligent .

They ……………………………………………………………………………….

5 / SB page 53

Use the impersonal passive to report these sentences. Check your answers in the text.

1.People think that learning a new language also presents the brain with unique challenges.

It…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2.They say that students who study foreign languages do better, on the whole, in general tests.

It……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7 / SB page 37

Rewrite the sentences. Use the impersonal passive in two different ways. The first one is

done for you.

1.They say that fish is good for the brain.

It is said that fish is good for the brain. /Fish is said to be good for the brain.

2.People think that we only use a small percentage of our brain power. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.They claim that we remember things we hear in our sleep. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.People believe that solving puzzles keeps the brain active. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.Experts have proved that exercise is good for concentration. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Rewrite :

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.

1.People say that the brain is like a computer.

It …………………………………………the brain is like a computer.

2. They claim that money can‘t make us happy .

Money …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Everybody knows that you are the best students .

You …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. My teacher says that English clubs are essential for learning English well.

English clubs …………………………………………………………………………………………

5. They say that work makes you healthy and wealthy.

Work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SB page 50

How to revise for exams

KEY WORDS

A. Do you know if it`s too late to start revising now?

رؼ ك٤ب أما ب اهذ زأفوا ػ٠ اجلء ثبواعؼخ ا٥؟

No, it‘s never too late to start revising! The first thing I would do is to draw up a revision timetable.

أ ٢ء أ ه ث ا رؼل عل ى٢ واعؼخ!اهذ ٤ زأفواأثلا جلء اواعؼخ , ال

B. Do you mind telling me how I should draw up a timetable?

ي أ رقجو٢ ٤ق ٢٣ أ أػل عل٢ اي٢؟

Look at all the subjects you have to do, and work out when you are going to work on each one. It‘s a good idea to change the order of the subjects in your timetable for each day. Try doing a little English, followed by some Maths, then Biology, and so on. This way, by changing the focus of your revision, you keep your mind fresh

ؼب كوح ع٤لح زـ٤و رور٤ت ااك ك٢ علي اي٢ . اظو ك٢ ع٤غ ااك از٢ ٣غت ػ٤ي كهازب, ؽلك اهذ ان١ رزط٤غ ك٤ كهاخ ب

ثؼ او٣ب٤بد ص اإلؽ٤بء, نا. ٣ ػ و٣ن رـ٤٤و رو٤ي ابكح از٢ ر١ واعؼزب, رزط٤غ أ . ؽب كهاخ او٤ اـخ االغ٤ي٣خ ص

. رجو٢ مي ٤طب

C. Do you know whether it`s best to get up early, or to revise late at night?

؟ رواعغ ك٢ هذ زأفو ا٤ا ا, رؼ ك٤ب ئما ب األك آ ر جوا

The earlier you start in the morning, the more beneficial your revision will be, because that‘s

when you feel mostawake and your memory is at its best. I‘d also recommend studying for

30-minute periods, and then taking a break.It‘s been proved that concentration starts to

decrease after half an hour, so frequent breaks will help the brain torecover and

concentration to return

كه٤وخ ص 30أ٢ ثبلهاخ لح . ب ثلأد ثبوا ك٢ اجبػ, ب بذ واعؼزي ل٤لح أل مي اهذ ان١ ر ك٤ ٣وظب ماوري ك٢ أك ؽبالرب

.كول اصجذ أ ازو٤ي ٣و ثؼل ق بػخ, ني كا كزواد اواؽخ ازوهح ربػل البؽ ٢ ٣زغغ ها ٣ؼك ئ٤ ازو٤ي. أفن ه اواؽخ

circulation the movement of blood around the body when it is pumped by the heart; also air ~, the movement of air

الهح ال٣خ

concentration attention, or attention span رو٤ي dehydration the state of having drunk too little water علبف

diet the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day ظب ؿنائ٢

memory someone‘s ability to remember things, places and experiences

اناوح

nutrition the process of getting the right kind of food for good health and growth

ازـن٣خ

36

D. Could you explain what you mean by frequent breaks?

ا ا رؼ بما رؼ٢ ثلزواد اواؽخ ازوهح؟

By a break, I mean any change of activity from studying. It could be something as simple as

just getting up from your desk and listening to some music, or walking around for ten minutes. هل ٣ ازـ٤٤و ٢ء ث٤ ض ا ػ بخ الهاخ اإلزبع . ػ و٣ن أفن ه اواؽخ, أػ٢ أ١ ع ازـ٤٤و ػ الهاخ

. ٤و٠ أ ا٢ لح ػو كهبئن

E. Could you tell me how much exercise I need?

ثابي أ رقجو٢ ازو٣ اؽزبط؟

Physical activity is very important, of course, especially when you are studying. Exercise will

make a huge difference to the way you feel. The physical activity will increase your heart rate

and, in turn, that will increase your blood circulation. It also sends more oxygen to the brain,

which makes you revise more efficiently!

٣ؼ اب اجل٢ ػ٠ ى٣بكح . ازو٣ ف ٣ؾلس رـ٤٤وا ج٤وا ك٢ اطو٣وخ از٢ رؼو ثب . اب اجل٢ علا ثبطجغ , فبخ ئما ذ رله

. ٣ؼ أ٣ب ػ٠ ئهب ٤خ أجو األغ٤ لبؽ ب ٣ي اواعؼخ ث أضو كبػ٤خ. اج, ثبزب٢ ٣ي٣ل كهري ال٣خ

F. Do you mind giving me some advice about diet?

؟ظب اـنائ٢ ي أ رؼط٢٤ ثؼ ابئؼ ػ ا

Nutrition is very important. You should try to eat as much fresh fruit and vegetables

as you can. It‘s essential not to become dehydrated, so drink lots of water.

.ك ا أ ال ر وؽخ علبف , نا ػ٤ي وة اض٤و ابء. اطبىعخ هله اإلب٣غت أ رأ اقبه الاى. ازـن٣خ خ علا

اةـاه٣ اذــر

1 / SB page 50

How do you revise for exams?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

37

COMPREHENSION TEST

1.Write down the sentence which shows the benefit of physical activity on your body. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. There are two main steps to draw up a revision time table . Write them down . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Quote the sentence which indicates that the early morning is the best time to revise. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.There are some examples on how to change activity during revision. Write down two of them. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. How can you help the brain to recover and the concentration to return ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Why is it essential to drink lots of water? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. What does the underlined word ‗concentration‟mean?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. I t is recommended for every student to draw up a time table for revision . Suggest three benefits of drawing a time table for revision. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Good preparation and working hard lead to success. Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

38

SB page 52

Learning a foreign language

KEY WORDS

Speaking a foreign language, it is claimed, improves the functionality of your brain in

several different ways. Learning new vocabulary and grammar rules provides the brain with

beneficial ‗exercise‘, which improves memory. As well as exercising the brain, it is thought

that learning a new language also presents the brain with unique challenges. These include recognising different language systems and ways to communicate within these systems. These skills improve your chances of success in other problem-solving tasks as well. It is said that students who study foreign languages do better, on the whole, in general tests in maths,

reading and vocabulary than students who have only mastered their mother tongue.

رؼ بد هاػل عل٣لح ٣يك البؽ ثزبه ل٤لح رؼ ػ٠ . ازؾلس ثـخ أعج٤خ, ؽت ب ٣يػ , ٣ؼ ػ٠ رؾ٤ ظبئق كبؿي ثؼلح وم قزلخ

ئ٠ عبت رله٣ت البؽ, ٣ؼزول ا رؼ ـخ أعج٤خ ٣ؼو البؽ زؾل٣بد كو٣لح ر ازؼوف ػ٠ أظخ ـ٣خ قزلخ وم زا . رؾ٤ اناوح

٣وب أ اطجخ ان٣ ٣له ـخ أفو ٣ . ن ابهاد رؼ ػ٠ ى٣بكح كوي ك٢ اغبػ ك٢ اعجبد ؽ االد أ٣ب. كاف ن األظخ

. أكائ ث اك ك٢ االفزجبهاد اؼبخ ك٢ او٣ب٤بد, اوواءح ؽلع ابد أالئي ان٣ ٣زو ـز األ كو

According to a study carried out by Pennsylvania State University, USA, multilingual people

are able to switch between two systems of speech, writing, and structure quite easily. It has been proved that they are also able to switch easily between completely different tasks. One experiment required participants to operate a driving simulator while carrying out separate tasks at the same time. The experiment showed that multilingual participants were less distracted by the other tasks and therefore made fewer driving errors.

multilingual speaking, reading or writing in more than two languages

زؼلك اـبد

simulator any device or system that simulates specific conditions or the characteristics of a real process or machine

بث/ ؾب٢

memory someone‘s ability to remember things, places and experiences

اناوح

utterance something that is said, such as a statement رؼج٤و/ ه / ؽل٣ش / ال multitask to do several things at the same time زؼلك اظبئق

mother tongue the first and the main language that you learnt when you were a child

اـخ اال

39

ثؾت كهاخ هبذ ثب عبؼخ ال٣خ ثل٤٤ب ك٢ اال٣بد ازؾلح األو٤٣خ, ٣ زؼلك١ اـبد االزوب ث٤ ظب٤ ال ازبثخ ازوا٤ت

ك٢ أؽل ازغبهة, ت ابه٤ رـ٤ ؾب٢ و٤بكح ا٤بهح او٤ب . صجذ أ هبكه أ٣ب ػ٠ ازو ث٤ اب اقزلخ ربب اهل . ثخ

. أظود ازغوثخ أ ابه٤ ازؼلك١ اـخ بذ جخ رزز ثبو٤ب ثبؼ ا٥فو أه نا هبا ثأفطبء أه أصبء او٤بكح. ثؼ قزق ك٢ ل اهذ

It is believed that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills.

When you speak a foreign language, you are constantly weighing up subtle differences in

meaning of a word or the way that an utterance is made. This process is then transferred

subconsciously to other situations in which judgment is called for, and decisions have to be made.

كؼلب رزؾلس ـخ أعج٤خ, كأي رغل كوهبد ـ٤وح ك٢ ؼ٠ ابد أ و٣وخ . ٣ؼزول أ رؼ اـخ ٣ أ٣ب أ ٣ؾ بهاد غ اوواه ػلى

. ن اؼ٤خ رزو ك ػ٢ ئ٠ اهق أفو ؾزبط ك٤ب ئ٠ ئلاه األؽب ارقبم اوواهاد. ئزبط اؼجبهح

Finally, learning a foreign language can also improve your ability to use your mother tongue

more effectively. As you become more aware of the way that a language works, you begin to

apply it to the language that you use every day. The skills you obtain from learning a foreign

language, therefore, can make you a better speaker and writer in your own language.

كؼلب رجؼ أضو ػ٤ب ثبطو٣وخ از٢ رؼ فالب اـخ, . ئ رؼ ـخ أعج٤خ ٣ أ٣ب أ ٣ؾ هلهري ػ٠ ازقلا ـزي األ ثلبػ٤خ أضوأف٤وا,

ابهاد از٢ رزجب رؼ ـخ أعج٤خ ٣ب أ رغؼ ي زؾلصب برجب أك ثـزي . كاي رجلأ ثزطج٤ن مي ػ٠ اـخ از٢ رزقلب ث ٢٣

. األ

اةـاه٣ اذــر 1 / SB page 52

Work in small groups. What are the benefits of learning a foreign language?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3 / SB page 52

Read the essay again and explain how learning a foreign language improves your:

1.memory ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.problem-solving skills ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.use of your mother tongue ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.ability to multitask ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.decision-making skills. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

40

6 / SB page 53

Read these statements. Are they true or false? Discuss in pairs.

1.The left-hand side and the right-hand side of the brain have different functions. For each of us, either the left-hand side or the right-hand side of the brain is used more than the other. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. People only remember 10% of what they read, but they remember 90% of what they see, hear and do. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Practice makes perfect. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. Learning a foreign language presents the brain in two main tasks or skills that can help you to improve your ability in other problems-solving tasks .Write them down. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. There are two systems of speech that multilingual people can switch between them easily . Write them down. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. There are two main qualities that multilingual people have . Write them down. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Students who study foreign language ,do better in some subjects in general tests . Write down two of these subjects. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Write down the sentence which indicates that learning a foreign language improves mother tongue. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.What does the underlined word ‗multilingual‘ mean ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Find a word in the text which means„the first and the main language that you learnt when

you were a child‟

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The writer states that learning a foreign language is beneficial in many ways. Suggest three benefits of learning a foreign language to show how far do you agree with this statement. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Learning English is very important these days . Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

41

SB page 54

Education in Jordan

KEY WORDS

Our country has a high standard of education. This is mainly due to the fact that the

government considers education a necessity. All schools, from kindergarten to secondary, are

the responsibility of the Ministry of Education (MOE). Pre-school and kindergarten education

is optional, followed by ten years of free, compulsory education. For higher education,

students enter university, either for academic or vocational courses.

كغ٤غ الاه, اوخ ئ٠ اوؽخ اضب٣خ ٢ . ٣ؼك مي ئ٠ ؽو٤وخ أ اؾخ رؼزجو ازؼ٤ وهح. ٣عل ك٢ ثلب رؼ٤ م ؼب٤٣و ػب٤خ

ثبجخ زؼ٤ . رؼزجووؽخ رؼ٤ اوخ ب هج الهخ افز٤به٣خ ر٤ب ػو اد ازؼ٤ اإليا٢ اغب٢. إ٤خ ىاهح ازوث٤خ ازؼ٤

.اؼب٢ ٣زؾن اطجخ ثبغبؼبد أع ازؼ٤ األبك٢٣ ا٢

Students can attend one of ten public universities, or one of nineteen private universities.

A large number of Jordanian students choose to study at these institutions, as well as

foreign students from all over the world. These are undergraduates studying for a first degree

, or postgraduates studying for a Master‘s degree, a PhD or a higher diploma.

optional available as a choice / elective افز٤به١

compulsory obligatory; required ئعجبه١

academic connected with education, especially at college or university level

أبك٤٣ب

vocational used to describe a particular job and the skills involved

ؽوك٢/ ٢

public university a university that is funded by public means, through a government

عبؼخ ؽ٤خ

private university a university not operated by a government عبؼخ فبخ

undergraduate someone who has not yet completed their first degree

بت عبؼ٢

post graduate someone who has finished their first degree and is continuing to study either a Master‘s or a PhD; ~ degree a second degree of Master‘s or PhD level

فو٣ظ

Master‘s degree a period of one or two years of study which takes place after the completion of a Bachelor‘s degree

بكح ابعز٤و

PhD a doctorate; the highest degree awarded by a university faculty

بكح الزها

diploma either a document showing that someone has successfully completed a course of study or passed an examination, or the name of that course

بكح الث

online distance learning

a formalised teaching and learning system specifically designed to be carried out remotely by using electronic communication

ازؼ ػ ثؼل ػجو

االزوذ

enrol to officially arrange to join a school, university or course

٣غ

42

٣قزبه ػلك اطجخ األهك٤٤ الهاخ . ثاب اطجخ االزؾبم ثاؽلح اغبؼبد اؾ٤خ اؼوح أ اغبؼبد اقبخ ازغ ػوح

اواؿج ك٢ اؾ إالء جخ وؽخ اجبه٣. ك٢ أؽل ن اإبد ب ٣زؾن ثب جخ أعبت ع٤غ أهعبء اؼب

.أ اقو٣غ٤ اواؿج٤ ك٢ اؾ ػ٠ كهعخ ابعز٤و أ الزها أ الث اؼب٢. ػ٠ ابكح اغبؼ٤خ األ٠

The three universities with the most undergraduates are the University of Jordan in Amman,

Yarmouk University in Irbid and Al Balqa Applied University in Salt. These are all public

universities. An example of a newer university is the German-Jordanian University in Amman,

which was set up in 2005 CE. It is a collaboration between the MOHE and Germany‘s Federal

Ministry of Education and Research, and it follows Germany‘s model of education in Applied

Sciences. . اغبؼبد اضالس از٢ رؾظ٠ ثأجو ػلك جخ اجبه٣ ٢ اغبؼخ األهك٤خ ؿ٢ ػب عبؼخ ا٤وى ك٢ أهثل عبؼخ اجوبء ك٢ ا

٢ ز٤غخ زؼب ث٤ . 2005اغبؼخ األهك٤خ األب٤خ ك٢ ػب از٢ رأذ ػب : األضخ ػ٠ اغبؼبد اغل٣لح. ع٤ؼب عبؼبد ؽ٤خ

. ٢ رزجغ امط األب٢ ك٢ ازؼ٤ اؼ ازطج٤و٤خ. ىاهح ازؼ٤ اؼب٢ ىاهح ازؼ٤ اجؾش اإلرؾبك٣خ األب٤خ

For students who wish to complete their university studies while working at the same time,

it is also possible in some Jordanian universities to enrol onto online distance learning

programmes. In the future, this option will become available in many other universities. ثبجخ طجخ اواؿج٤ ثاب كهاز اغبؼ٤خ ػ٠ هأ ػ ك٢ ل اهذ, كا ا ك٢ ثؼ اغبؼبد األهك٤خ االزؾبم ثجواظ

. ك٢ ازوج, ٤ نا اق٤به زبؽب ك٢ اؼل٣ل اغبؼبد األفو. ازؼ٤ ػ ثؼل

اةـاه٣ اذــر

2 / SB page 54

Read the article about education in Jordan. Find the best type of course or institution for

the following people:

1.a child who is too young to start primary school. ……………………………….. 2.an undergraduate who wants to get a first degree. ……………………………. 3.someone who wants a degree from a non-fee-paying university. ………………………………. 4.a postgraduate with a first degree, who wants to study further . ……………………………… 5.a postgraduate with a Master‘s degree, who wants to study further . ……………………………. 6.someone who is unable to attend university but wants a degree . …………………………………

3 / SB page 55

Read the following statements. Do they refer to face-to-face learning or distance learning via the Internet? 1.You don‘t have to attend classes………………………………… 2.You can earn money while you are studying……………………………………….. 3.You can do undergraduate as well as postgraduate degrees………………………………. 4.There are a lot of opportunities for group discussions………………………………. 5.There is a lot of support from lecturers and tutors …………………………………………….

43

5 / SB page 55

Discuss these questions in pairs.

1.Which would you prefer to do: a face-to-face course at a college or university, or an online course? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.Would you prefer to do an academic or a vocational course when you finish school? Why? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.What other advantages and disadvantages of both face-to-face and distance learning courses can you think of? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Quotation / SB page 55

Read the quotation. Do you agree with it? Why/Why not?

―Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. Henry Ford (1863 CE–1947 CE)‖ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. There are some stages of education in Jordan . Write down two of these stages. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. There different levels of degrees that you can get at the university after leaving school . Write down two of them . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Write down the sentence which shows how many universities there are in Jordan. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. There are three main Jordanian universities with most graduates . What are they. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Quote the sentence which indicates the year in which the German-Jordan University was opened. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6.Which group of students can enrol onto online distance learning programmes ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Find a word in the text which means ‗to officially arrange to join a school, university or

course „

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Students who wish to complete their university studies while working at the same time, it is also possible in some Jordanian universities to enrol onto online distance learning programmes. Suggest three benefits of online distance learning . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Taking care of education in Jordan improves the Jordanian society. Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

44

AB page 37

How to acquire a language

KEY WORDS

1. Learn English fast – the natural way!

!اطو٣وخ اطج٤ؼ٤خةرؼ اـخ اإلغ٤ي٣خ ثوػخ

It is said that the best way to acquire a language is to immerse yourself in it, and that‘s what

we offer at Extreme English: total immersion. . أبى رب ك٤ب" اإلغ٤ي٣خ اطوخ"٣وب أ أك و٣وخ الزبة اـخ ٢ أ ري ك٤ب, نا ب ول ك٢

2. What exactly do you mean by „total immersion‟?

؟"ثبالبى ا٢"بما رول

You will stay in one of our beautiful apartments. You‘ll hear and speak English all day long.

You can either join a small group of other students of a similar level, or request a ‗tailor-

made‘ course. For example, you may require a course in academic English to prepare you for

undergraduate or postgraduate studies, or a vocational course to help you with your

career. Either way, you will live and work together as a family.

ثابي ئب أ ر غػخ ـ٤وح اطجخ ا٥فو٣ . ف رزغ ـخ اإلغ٤ي٣خ رزؾلس ثب ا ابه. ف رو٤ ك٢ ئؽل ووب اغ٤خ

ػ٠ ج٤ اضب, ثابي أ رأفن كهح ثبـخ اإلغ٤ي٣خ األبك٤٣خ زأ٤ي لهاخ وؽخ ابكح ". قخ" ل از, أأ رطت كهح

. ك٢ ال اؾبز٤, ف رؼ٤ رؼ ؼب ؼبئخ اؽلح. اغبؼ٤خ األ٠ أ الهابد اؼ٤ب, أ كهاد ٤خ بػلري ك٢ زي

immerse to be deeply involved in something and spend most of your time doing it

٣ـ ث / ٣ي ج٤و ك٢ ػ ب

tailor made custom-made; made to fit exactly اك٢ / ف٤ب

او

academic connected with education, especially at college or university level

أبك٤٣ب

vocational used to describe a particular job and the skills involved

ؽوك٢/ ٢

tuition teaching, especially in small groups

ازؼ٤ ك٢ غػبد

ـ٤وح

undergraduate someone who has not yet completed their first degree

بت عبؼ٢

post graduate someone who has finished their first degree and is continuing to study either a Master‘s or a PhD; ~ degree a second degree of Master‘s or PhD level

فو٣ظ

45

3. What will I be doing?

ب ان١ ٤ ػ٢ كؼ ؟

In the mornings, after breakfast, one or more of our trained and experienced teachers will

arrive, and you will have three hours of intensive tuition. Then, after enjoying lunch together

around thetable, you‘ll visit local places of interest, go shopping, take part in sports, etc.

In the evenings, there will be a choice of cultural activities, for example the theatre or a

concert, or you may prefer to relax at home and chat (in English, naturally!). Whatever you

do, your teachers will bewith you, acting as guides, tutors and friends.

ثاكطبه عبػ٢ ؽ عثؼل االززب. اجبػ, ثؼل اإلكطبه, ٣ أؽل له٤ب الهث٤ أؾبة اقجوح ف رزو٠ صالس بػبد ازؼ٤ اضقك٢

ػل ابء, ٤ بى ببد صوبك٤خ ض اوػ أ ؽلخ . اطبخ, ثابي ى٣بهح األب اؾ٤خ از٢ ري, أ ازم, بهخ او٣بخ ؿ٤وب

ؼ٤ي ٤ ؼي ٣و ثله , ب رو ث (.ثبـخ اإلغ٤ي٣خ, ثب اطج٤ؼ٢) اي ازؾلس٤١و٤خ, ثابي أفن ه اواؽخ ف

أكالء أ ؼ٤ أ ألهبء

4. How long are the courses?

لح ن الهاد

Some people just come for a week, and they are usually amazed by how much progress they

make in such a short time. Others come for two, three, even four weeks. It‘s up to you.

You can be sure of one thing – we‘ll do our very best to give you a first-class experience and send youhome thinking and dreaming in English!

! األو ث٤ ٣ل٣ي. آفو ٣ أجػ٤ أصالصخ أ أهثؼخ أبث٤غ. ثؼ اب ٣أر٢ ألجع ٣ل ثبزول ان١ ٣ؾوى ك٢ ري الزوح اع٤يح

ث٤زي أذ رلو رؾ ثبـخ اإلغ٤ي٣خ/ و ث ب ثؼب ٢ كو ي فجوح الهعخ األ٠ ؼ٤لى ي – زألا ٢ء اؽل

اةـاه٣ اذــر

10 / AB page 37

Answer the questions.

1.The text says that students will be living ‗as a family‘. Give two examples from the text that illustrate this. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.Which part of the day will be the most formal? What happens then? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.What do you think ‗a tailor-made course‘ means, in paragraph 2? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.Students have a lot of options onthese courses. However, there are twodecisions they have to make beforethey arrive. What are they? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.Imagine you joined a small group ofstudents on a course like this. Thinkof three positive aspects, and threepossible problems you might face. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.Would you go on a course like this?Why/Why not? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

46

11 / AB page 37

Complete the sentences with the words in bold in the text.

1.After Nasser completes his first degree, he‘s hoping to do a ………………….. degree. 2.Mariam is an excellent student. She gets top marks in ………………………. subjects like History, Arabic and Maths. 3.My brother has just left school. Now he‘s a university ……………………………………. . 4. My cousin is an electrician. Instead of going to university, he did a ……………… course at a local training college.

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. There are many things you that can do after lunch. Write down two of them. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.In the evenings, there will be a choice of cultural activities. Write down two examples of these activities. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Write down the sentence which indicates that teachers take care of all the course long. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.Quote the sentence which indicates that you will practise English all the time during the course. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Find a word in the text which means‘teaching, especially in small groups. ‗

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. What does the underlinedword‘immerse‗ mean?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. How many hours of intensive tuition y will the students have after breakfast? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. It is said that the best way to acquire a language is to immerse yourself in it. Suggest three ways to learn a language. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Joining a group of students on a course may carries some advantages and disadvantages. Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

47

.

The word (s) English Meaning Arabic Meaning

career advisor someone who provides information to help people to make choices about their training and work

ول ٢

circulation the movement of blood around the body when it is pumped by the heart; also air ~, the movement of air

الهح ال٣خ

concentration attention, or attention span رو٤ي dehydration the state of having drunk too little water علبف

diet the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day ظب ؿنائ٢

diploma either a document showing that someone has successfully completed a course of study or passed an examination, or the name of that course

بكح الث

Master‘s degree a period of one or two years of study which takes place after the completion of a Bachelor‘s degree

بكح ابعز٤و

memory someone‘s ability to remember things, places and experiences

اناوح

multitask to do several things at the same time زؼلك اظبئق

multilingual speaking, reading or writing in more than two languages

زؼلك اـبد

nutrition the process of getting the right kind of food for good health and growth

ازـن٣خ

PhD a doctorate; the highest degree awarded by a university faculty

بكح الزها

post graduate someone who has finished their first degree and is continuing to study either a Master‘s or a PhD; ~ degree a second degree of Master‘s or PhD level

فو٣ظ

public university a university that is funded by public means, through a government

عبؼخ ؽ٤خ

private university a university not operated by a government عبؼخ فبخ

undergraduate someone who has not yet completed their first degree

بت عبؼ٢

vocational used to describe a particular job and the skills involved

ؽوك٢/ ٢

simulator any device or system that simulates specific conditions or the characteristics of a real process or machine

بث/ ؾب٢

utterance something that is said, such as a statement رؼج٤و/ ه / ؽل٣ش / ال

academic connected with education, especially at college or university level

أبك٤٣ب

immerse to be deeply involved in something and spend most of your time doing it

٣ـ ث / ٣ي ج٤و ك٢ ػ ب

optional available as a choice / elective افز٤به١

compulsory obligatory; required ئعجبه١ tailor made custom-made; made to fit exactly اك٢ / ف٤ب

او

online distance learning

a formalised teaching and learning system specifically designed to be carried out remotely by using electronic communication

ازؼ ػ ثؼل ػجو

االزوذ

tuition teaching, especially in small groups ازؼ٤ ك٢ غػبد

ـ٤وح

mother tongue The first and the main language that you learnt when you were a child

اـخ اال

enrol to officially arrange to join a school, university or course ٣غ

48

Collocations

do exercise keep fit ٣زلهة/ ٣زو

do a subject study ٣له

draw up a timetable write a schedule اػلاك عل اػ٤ل

make a start begin ٣جلأ ثلا٣خ عل٣ل

take a break relax ٣أفن ازواؽخ

make a difference change

something ٣إصو ا ٣ؾلس كوم

Phrasal Verbs

draw up to prepare a document ٣زت/ ٣ؼل

look at to examine something closely ٣ظو ثزؼ

work out to understand / to find the answer to something ٣ززظ/ ٣ل

getting up to rise to a standing position ٣وق/ ٣

listening to to take notice ٣زغ ا٠

switch between to change ٣جل/ ٣ـ٤و

stand out to be much better than othersimilar people or things ٣وب

اةـاه٣ اذــر

2 / SB page 54

Complete the mind map with the words and phrases in the box. Check the meaning of

any word(s) that you do not know in the Glossary on pages 93–95 or in a dictionary.

Education

Places and ways to study

Types of courses

Qualifications

degree, diploma, Master‟s degree, online distance learning, PhD, postgraduate,

private university ,public university, undergraduate, vocational

49

1 / AB page 35

Complete the sentences with words from the box. One word is not needed. The first one is

done for you.

circulation, memory, concentration, beneficial,diet, dehydration, nutrition

1. I used to eat too much junk food, but now I have a much healthier diet.

2. It‘s …………………………………. to take regular breaks when revising. 3. It‘s important to drink a lot of water in order to avoid …………………………… . 4. Don‘t sit still for too long – move around frequently to increase your …………………………. 5. Zainab listens to music while she‘s working. It helps her ……………………………………. 6. Adnan never forgets anything! He‘s got an amazing ………………………………………….. .

2 / AB page 35

Read definitions 1–6. Make collocating phrases using a verb and a noun from the boxes.

Write the collocations in the correct gaps next to the definitions. One verb is not needed.

The first one is done for you.

do (x2),draw up, make (x2), give, take

1. write a schedule: draw up a timetable

2. keep fit:……………………………………………. 3. begin:………………………………………………… 4. relax:……………………………………………………. 5. study:…………………………………………………….. 6. change something:……………………………………….

3 / AB page 35

Use the collocations from exercise 2 to complete the sentences. The first one is done for

you.

1.If you want to lose weight, you shoulddo exerciseevery day.

2.The deadline is tomorrow, and you haven‘t done anything yet! You really must………………. . 3.If you send money to charity, you will ……………….. to a lot of lives. 4.You look tired. Why don‘t you ……………………….? 5.I need to organise my time better. I think I‘ll ……………………… .

a start, a break, exercise, a timetable, a subject, a difference

50

UNIT SEVEN

Lifelong learning

MODEL ANSWERS

5 / SB page 51

1. Could you tell me where I should revise for exams? 2. Do you know how much sleep teenagers of our age need? 3. Do you know if it is possible to improve your memory? 4. Do you mind telling me what you mean by ‗mnemonics‘? 5. Could you explain what I should do on the day before the exam?

4 / AB page 35

1. if. 2. how much 3. whether 4. where 5. how 6. who7. when 8. why

5 / AB page 36

1. Do you mind; a healthy breakfast 2. helping me to plan my revision 3. Could; how I can relax 4. Do; if/whether we are allowed to eat sweets during the exam 5. Do you; telling me where you found that information 6. Do you know; the exam starts at ten or half past ten

6 / AB page 36

1. I wonder if you could explain the best way to revise. 2. Do you know how much sleep a teenager needs? 3. Could you tell me how much revision I should do? 4. Do you mind giving me a glass of water? Would you happen to know whether exercise is better in the morning or in the evening?

Rewrite :

1. telling me where the post office is 2. how I can get to Queen Alia Airport by public transport 3. you tell me where the bus goes 4. suggesting the best ways for revising lessons 5. what the benefits of studying English are

6. Do you know if students are allowed to navigate the Internet during the open exam

7. Do you know if there is a connection between the amount of TV people watch and how fit they are

8. Could you tell me what we can't bring onto the plane ?

The impersonal passive

4 / SB page 53

1. People claim that speaking a foreign language improves the functionality of your brain in several different ways. 2. They believe that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills. The passive form is more formal.

5 / SB page 53

1. It is thought that learning a new language also presents the brain with unique challenges. 2. It is said that students who study foreign languages do better, on the whole, in general tests.

7 / SB page 37

2. It is thought that we only use a small percentage of our brain power. We are thought to only use a small percentage of our brain power. 3. It is claimed that we remember things we hear in our sleep. We are claimed to remember things we hear in our sleep. 4. It is believed that solving puzzles keeps the brain active. Solving puzzles is believed to keep the brain active. 5. It has been proved that exercise is good for concentration. Exercise has been proved to be good for concentration.

51

Rewrite :

1. is said that 2. is claimed not to make us happy. 3. are known to be the best students

4. English clubs are said to be essential for learning English well

5. is said to make you healthy and wealthy.

How to revise for exams

1 / SB page 50

* Draw up a revision timetable / Work out when you are going to work on each subject/ Start studying in the morning / take frequent breaks / exercise and eat healthy food

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. The physical activity will increase your hear t rate and, in turn, that will increase your blood circulation. 2. Look at all the subjects you have to do, and work out when you are going to work on each one. 3. The earlier you start in the morning, the more beneficial your revision will be, because that‘s when you feel most awake and your memory is at its best. 4. getting up from your desk and listening to some music. 5. Studying for 30- minute period and then taking a rest. 6. In order not to become dehydrated . 7. attention, or attention span. 8. it : to start revising / its : your memory / that : increase your heart rate. 9. There are many benefits of drawing a time table for revision like knowing which subjects need more time and which subjects need less and managing time of studying . Also, being ready for the exams at any time. 10 . I think that good preparation and working hard lead to success because if you plan for what do you want and work hard you will achieve your ambition . Also, it is a good way be ready in order to overcome any difficulties you may face.

Learning a foreign language

1 / SB page 52

Learning a foreign language provides the brain with beneficial exercise, which improves memory. It challenges the brain by making it recognise different language systems, and communicate within these systems. Learning a foreign language also improves problem-solving and decision-making skills, as well as making the user more effective at multitaskingand in using and understanding their own mother tongue.

3 / SB page 52

1. It exercises the brain and so improves your memory. 2. It presents the brain with unique challenges such as recognising different language systems and communicating within these systems. These skills improve problem-solving skills. 3. As you learn a foreign language, you become more aware of the way language works, which helps you to understand your own language better. 4. Multilingual people are able to switch between two or more languages easily. This transfers to other activities, making multilingual people more able to multitask. 5. When you speak a foreign language, you have to constantly decide between differences in language. This decision-making skill is transferred to other situations.

6 / SB page 53

1. False 2. False 3. True

52

COMPREHENSION TEST

1.These include recognising different language systems and ways to communicate within these systems. 2. writing and structure. 3. multilingual people are able to switch between two systems of speech, writing, and structure quite easily. It has been proved that they are also able to switch easily between completely different tasks. 4. math , reading and vocabulary. 5. Finally, learning a foreign language can also improve your ability to use your mother tongue more effectively. 6. speaking, reading or writing in more than two languages

7. mother tongue 8. which : beneficial ‗exercise‘ / who : students / it : the way that language works 9.There are many benefits of learning a foreign language like improving the ability of decision –making skills and the ability of using mother tongue. Also, it improves memory. 10. I think that learning English is very important these days because it has become the first international language in many areas like science and communication . Also, it isalmost spoken all over the world.

Education in Jordan

2 / SB page 54

1. pre-school or kindergarten 2. public or private university 3. a public university 4. Master‘s degree at a public or private university 5. a PhD at a public or private university 6. online distance learning

3 / SB page 55

1 and 2 distance learning 3, 4 and 5 distance learning and face-to-face learning

5 / SB page 55

1.I ‗d prefer to do a face to face course. 2.I ‗d prefer to do a vocational course because I like practical jobs 3. Advantages of distance learning course are that you can manage your time in a comfortable way .Also you can work in a job and make money while studying .On the other hand , face –to-face courses may be more interesting and you can have real socialising . Moreover, you are pushed to study hard to keep up with your teachers and other students.

Quotation / SB page 55

I agree with it because Ford‘s quotation refers to the fact that the world is moving forwards, so people need to keep up with progress. It also refers to the brain being ‗trainable‘, i.e. if you practise learning, you will learn more effectively.

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. Pre-school and kindergarten education and ten years of free, compulsory education. 2. first degree and master‘s degree. 3. Students can attend one of ten public universities, or one of nineteen private universities. 4. the University of Jordan in Amman, Yarmouk University in Irbid and Al Balqa Applied University in Salt. 5. An example of a newer university is the German-Jordanian University in Amman, which was set up in 2005 CE. 6. students who wish to complete their university studies while working at the same time. 7. enrol8. These : the University of Jordan in Amman, Yarmouk University in Irbid and Al Balqa Applied University in Salt / it : the German-Jordanian University/ who : students 9. There are many benefits of online distance learning like saving time and effort and getting higher degrees and working at the same time . Also, improving one‘s self in both areas. 10. I think that taking care of education in Jordan improves the Jordanian society. Education is the future of Jordan . For this reason ,it is important for everybody to educate in order to contribute in the development of the country and improve the quality of life.

53

How to acquire a language

10 / AB page 37

1. The students eat and socialise together. 2. the morning, when there are three hours of intensive tuition 3. Suggested answer: a course designed to meet the specific needs of an individual student 4. the duration of the course they wish to attend and the nature of the course (academic or vocational) 5. and 6. Students‘ own answers

11 / AB page 37

1. postgraduate 2. academic 3. undergraduate 4. vocational

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. you‘ll visit local places of interest, go shopping. 2. theatre or concert. 3. Whatever you do, your teachers will be with you, acting as guides, tutors and friends. 4. You‘ll hear and speak English all day long. 5.tuition. 6. to be deeply involved in something and spend most of your time doing it. 7. Three hours. 8. it : a language / they : some people / others: other people. 9. There are many ways to learn a language like watching TV and listening to the radio and reading newspapers. Also, you can benefit from the internet. 10. I think that joining a group of students on a course may carries some advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand , you can learn fast and know new things about people and cultures . On the other hand , you may find it difficult to get o well with your colleagues because of different moods.

2 / SB page 54

Places and ways to study: online distance learning, private university, public university Types of courses: postgraduate, undergraduate, vocational Qualifications: degree, diploma, Master's degree, PhD

1 / AB page 35

1. diet 2. beneficial 3. dehydration 4. circulation 5. concentration 6. memory

2 / AB page 35

1. draw up a timetable 2. do exercise 3. make a start 4. take a break 5. do a subject 6. make a difference

3 / AB page 35

1.do exercise 2. make a start 3. make a difference 4. take a break 5. draw up a timetable

54

UNIT NINE

The world of the business

Unreal past forms for past regrets

● wish or If only + Past Perfect

The function:

1. To express regrets about the past. زؼج٤و ػ ال اؾوح ػ٠ ئ ؽ ه٢ اب٢.

2. To reflect on past actions if we are trying to improve our work or our behaviour. .ر٤ اء ػ٠ أؽلاس ب٤خ ئما ب و٣ل رؾ٤ ػب أ ب

● The tense of the verb after wish is more in the past than the action it is describing. . ٣ أهل الؼ اف ك٢ اغخ األ٤خ wish ى الؼ ازقل ثؼل

v2 ) ضجذ ) wish /If only + hadn‟t + v3 (١ ق )

v2 (١ ق ) wish /If only + had + v3 (صجذ )

Examples :

I didn't do much work for my exam.

I wish I had done more work for my exam.

If only I ............................................ more work for my exam.

. ؽ٤ش ٣إك٣ب ل اؼ٠ If only / wish ال ٣عل كوم ك٢ االزقلا ث٤ : الؽظخ

I bought these shoes. They hurt my feet.

I wish I .............................................. these shoes. They hurt my feet.

We‘re late. We didn‟t catch the earlier bus.

We‘re late. If only …………………………….. the earlier bus.

● wish or If only + V2

The function:

To express wishes about the present that are impossible or unlikely to happen.

زؼج٤و ػ ا٤بد زؾ٤خ أ ؿ٤و ؾزخ اؾ ك٢ اؾبو

Simple present ) ضجذ) wish /If only + v2 ١ ق) )

Simple present (١ ق ) wish +/If only + v2 (صجذ )

Examples :

I don‟t know the answer.

I wish I knew the answer.

We don‟t live in a bigger flat.

I wish we ……………… in a bigger flat.

55

NOTE: We usually say I wish/If only + were.

He isn‟t tall. He wishes he were taller.

We are not old. If only we .......... older.

الؽـــظــــــبد

ػل ئػبكح زبثخ عخ If only / wish ث٤ اب٢ اج٤ ا٠ ب٢ رب ئ٠ ب٢ اج٤ ٣ اطة رؾ٣ ٤ؾ ابهع

ئصجبد اغخ ئما بذ ل٤خ ل٤ب ئما بذ ضجزخغ

1. ( simple present simple past )

base/ base +s,es didn‘t + infinitive /have to, has to didn‘t have to is , are , am weren‘t isn‘t , aren‘t , am not were / don‘t , doesn‘t + infinitive v (2)

2. ( simple past past perfect )

v2 hadn‘t +v3 / was, were hadn‘t been didn‘t + infinitive had + v3 / wasn‘t , weren‘t had been

ث٤ . األ٤خافزو البػ اضب٢ ثبءا ػ٠ ب عك ك٢ اغخ , كبػ٤ wish *رأر٢

. ضال ال رزقل ال٢ (cooler) ضال ت ي ازقلا ػ ن الخ(hot) *ئما عل ك٢ اغخ األ٤خ لخ

It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it---------------- cooler. (be)

better ئ٠ very good / good أ very well/well ؽ*

more ئ٠ much / many ؽ* I don‘t have much money I wish I ………………………. money

. أ اؽنكبئما علرب ك٢ اغخ so ثـ really / very / too ازجل * * عل ك٢ اغخ ػجبهاد رل ػ٠ ال ض ئما ( regret / Oh no !/ silly / sorry ) رؾنف ػل اؾ كاب

Oh no! I‘ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.I wish I------------------------------it .

hadn‘t forgotten كب ٣ؾ ػل اؾ ئ٠ forgot ئما عل ك٢ اغخ األ٤خ الؼ*

Sultan forgot to do his science homework . If only he ………………….. to do it .

could ئ٠ ؽب /need to / want to / would like to عل ك٢ اغخ كغئما* modal ض can‟t اؼجبهاد ازب٤خ أ

.غ ؽنف اغيء األفو اغخ ػل اؾ ئ عل

I read slowly and would like to read more quickly.

I wish …………………………………………………………………..

I am really tired but I can‟t sleep at night.

I wish …………………………………………………………………………

would عل ئ غ ؽنف اغيء االفو اغخ ػل اؾ ئ٠ ؽ won‟t ض modal *اما عل ك٢ اغخ كؼ

My friend won‟t give me my CD back . I wish …………………………………………………..

Had +v3 إلى و نحوله ing نحذؾ الـ gerund اسم مصدر regret جاء بعد إذا *

I regret going to bed late last night . I wish I ……………………….. late. I wish I ………………………… earlier .

ب٣زب ئ٠ erضال ؾ الخ ئ٠ ٤ـخ وبهخ ثابكخ tall زجػب ثلخ ماد وطغ اؽل ض be اما ب الؼ اوئ٢٤ ك٢ اغخ اؽل أكؼب

. ػل اؾ So ضال غ هجب خ expensive ئب اما بذ لخ ماد أضو وطغ ض

This mobile is expensive. I wish it weren‘t ………………………. .

Ali isn‘t tall. He wishes he were……………….

56

رــــــــبه٣ــــ اـــــــــزبة

5 / SB page 65

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he------------------ harder last year. (Study)

2.Zia did not know about Chinese culture when he went on a business trip to China. He wishes

he--------------------- a cultural awareness course. (Do)

3. It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it---------------- cooler. (Be)

4. I feel ill. I wish I -------------------so many sweets! (Not eat)

4 / SB page 68

Choose the most suitable verb form to complete these sentences.

1.Zia is not very good at basketball. He wishes he…………… taller(Is / were / was)

2.I can‘t do this exercise. I wish I………………..It. (understood / understand / understanding)

3.Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman. If only he…………..…….

Chinese.(speak / spoke / had spoken)

4.Jordan needs to import a lot of oil. If only it…………. larger oil reserves.(has / had / had had)

5 / AB page 45

Complete the sentences with words from the box.The first one is done for you.

hadn‟t if wish had(x2) only

1. I couldn‘t understand anything. If only I‘d studied Chinese!

2. Ibrahim was right and I was wrong. I wish I ---------- listened to him. 3. I---------- I‘d known more about the company. If……………… I‘d done some research! 4. I am very hungry! I wish I---------- eaten before I went to the conference. 5. I regret the deal now. I wish we ---------- done it.

6 / AB page 45

Read the situations and complete the sentences. The first one is done for you

.1. Sultan forgot to do his Science homework.If only he hadn‟t forgotten to do it.

2. I regret going to bed late last night.I wish I--------------------------earlier. 3. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily. If only she------------------------a map. 4. Oh no! I‘ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.I wish I------------------------------it . 5. Our team didn‘t play very well yesterday.If only they-----------------------------------better.

57

7/ AB page 45

Use the prompts and write sentences with I wish and If only. The first one is done for you.

1. I‟m cold. (bring a coat)

If only I‟d brought a coat.

I wish I‟d brought a coat.

2. We‘re late. (get up earlier)

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

3. I feel ill. (not eat so many sweets)

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

4. Fadi has lost his wallet. (be more careful)

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. (be able to come)

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

6. I‘ve broken my watch. (not drop it)

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

8/ AB page 45

Rewrite the sentences with the words inbrackets.

1. Samia regrets being angry at breakfast time. (only)

……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………

2. If only I had concentrated properly in class today. This homework is really difficult. (I)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn‘t get a good mark. (wishes)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. I wish I had learnt English better when I was younger. (if)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. I am sorry that I didn‘t read that book. ( I wish )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.I wish I‘d done more revision. (only)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. I regret speaking aloud in my class. ( wish )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

58

11/ AB page 45

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the following prompts. The first one is

done for you.

be older

have a camera with me

live in a big house

not have a headache

not be so far away

like the same things

1. Our flat is very small.

If only we lived in a big house.

2. Jaber isn‘t old enough to drive a car.

He wishes he______________________.

3. My brother and I never want to watch the same TV programme.

I wish we _________________________.

4. I‘m looking at a beautiful view, and I‘d love to take a photo.

If only I ___________________________.

5. My cousins don‘t live near here.

I wish they ________________________.

6. I want to go out this afternoon, but I don‘t feel well.

If only I ___________________________.

59

SB page 64

Doing business in China

KEY WORDS

Today, we talk to Mr Ghanem, a businessman based in Amman who often visits China.

We asked him when he first started doing business with China.

. هل أب ػ أ وح ثلأ ك٤ب أػب ثبزغبهح غ ا٤. زؾلس ا٤ ٤ل ؿب, هع أػب و٤ ك٢ ػب ٣يه ا٤ ؿبجب

‗I‘ve been doing business with China for many years. My first trip there was in 2004 CE, and it

was not very successful.‘ ." ر بعؾخ2004بذ أ هؽخ ٢ ئ٠ بى ػب . أب أه ثبألػب ازغبه٣خ غ ا٤ ن ػلح اد"

Why was it not successful? " بما ر بعؾخ"

‗I worked for a small computer company in Amman. They sent me to China when I was still

quite young. Ifonly the company had realised that the Chinese respect age and experience more than youth!‘

ا اوخ اكهذ كو ا ا٤٤ ."هل أه٢ ئ٠ ا٤ ػلب ذ بثب ـ٤وا ػب ب. ذ أػ ل وخ ج٤رو ـ٤وح ك٢ ػب"

٣ؾزو اؼو اقجوح اضو اجبة

Did you make any mistakes on that visit? افطبء ك٢ ري اي٣بهح أ١ اهرجذ

‗Yes! I wish I had researched Chinese culture before I visited the country. In order to be

successful in China, you need to earn their respect. Chinese business people will always ask

about a company‘s successes in the past. However, because I worked for a new company,

I could not talk about its track record. We did not do any business deals on that first trip.‘

كوعب األػب . ٢ ر بعؾب ك٢ ا٤, ٣غت أ رت اؽزوا. أر٠ أ٢ ذ رو٤ذ ػ اضوبكخ ا٤٤خ هج أ أىه مي اجل! ؼ"

ػ٠ أ١ ؽب, أل٢ ذ هل ػذ ل وخ عل٣لح, ٣ ثؼ٢ أ أرؾلس ػ . ا٤٤ ٣أ ػ اغبؽبد از٢ ؽووزب اوخ ك٢ ابثن

.نا, و ثأ١ لوخ رغبه٣خ ك٢ ن اوؽخ األ٠. غ اغبىارب

track record all of a person‘s or organisation‘s past achievements, successes or failures which show how well they have done something

االغبى/ غ األكاء

do a deal to arrange an agreement in business ػول لوخ أ ارلبم

qualifications official records of achievement awarded upon the successful completion of a course of training or passing an exam

إالد

shake hands to move someone‘s hand up and downin a greeting ٣بكؼ ثب٤ل

tell a joke to say something to make people laugh ٣يػ

negotiate to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics

٣لب

60

?When did you learn how to be successful in Chinaز٠ رؼذ ٤ق ر بعؾب ك٢ ا٤؟

‗I joined a larger company and they sent me on a cultural awareness course. On my next visit to China, it felt as if I hadn‘t known anything on my first visit!‘

.ك٢ ى٣بهر٢ ازب٤خ ئ٠ ا٤, ؼود أ٢ أ أػوف أ١ ٢ء ك٢ ى٣بهر٢ األ٠. ول ازؾوذ ثوخ ج٤وح أه٢ ك٢ كهح رػ٤خ صوبك٤خ "

What advice can you give to people wanting to do business in China?

ب ا٤ؾخ از٢ رزط٤غ أ رولب ب ان٣ ٣ك او٤ب ثبألػب ازغبه٣خ ك٢ ا٤؟

‗Before I visit a company, I send recommendations from previous clients. I also send my

business card with my job position and qualifications translated into Chinese.‘

ذ أه ثطبهز٢ ازغبه٣خ وكوب ج٢ اظ٤ل٢ إالر٢ زوعخ ئ٠ اـخ . هج أ أىه ا١ وخ, ذ اه هبئ ر٤خ ػالء بثو٤"

. ا٤٤خ

?Can you tell us about your last meeting in China ٣ي أ رقجوب ػ آفو أعزبع ي ك٢ ا٤؟

‗Of course! I arrived on time. You must not arrive late, as this shows disrespect. Then, when I

met the company director, I shook hands with him gently. I began the meeting by making small

talk about my interesting experiences in China. During the meeting, I made sure that my voice

and body language were calm and controlled. I never told a joke, as this may not be translated

correctly or could cause offence.‘

ثلأد اإلعزبع ثا٣غبى . ػلب هبثذ ل٣و اوخ ثؼلب, بكؾز ثوكن. ٣غت أ ال رزأفو, أل نا ع هخ االؽزوا. ذ ك٢ اػل! ثبطجغ"

أو٢ أ١ زخ, أل مي هل ال٣زوع . أصبء األعزبع, ؽوذ ػ٠ أ ٣ ر٢ ـخ اغل ػل١ رؾذ ا٤طوح. ػ رغبهث٢ اوائؼخ ك٢ ا٤

ثب اؾ٤ؼ أ هل ٣جت از٤بء

?Was it a successful meeting" ب اعزبػب بعؾب؟

‗Yes, it was. I knew that the director had researched my business thoroughly before the

meeting, so I was prepared for his detailed questions. When I began negotiating, I started with

the important issues. The Chinese believe in avoiding conflict. It is always important to be

patient. I was prepared to compromise, so in the end, the meeting was successful.‘

ػلب ثلأد ازلب, . ازغبه١ ثؼن هج اإلعزبع, نا ذ زؼلا الئز ازل٤٤خػ٢ ذ أػوف أ ال٣و هل اغ ػ٠ . ؼ, ول ب ني" . , ني ك٢ اب٣خ, ب اإلعزبع بعؾب ز٣خ ذ زؼلا . ٣غت أ ر جها لا ٣إ ا٤٤ ثزغت ا. ثلأد ثبػبد اخ

61

رــــــــبه٣ــــ اـــــــــزبة

4 / SB page 64

Listen to and read the interview again and answer the questions.

1.Why was Mr Ghanem‘s first business trip to China not successful? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2.What do you think is a ‗track record‟?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.What does the word ‗his‘ in bold in the text refer to?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.What changed when Mr Ghanem visited China for the second time? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.What similarities do you think there are, in terms of expectations at business meetings, between China and Jordan? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.Do you think that you would be a successful business person in China? Why/Why not? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. There are many things you have to do in order to make a business meeting successful. Write down two of them . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2.Mr Ghanem‘s next trip to China was successful for two reasons . Write them down. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. The writer mentioned some reasons that make Mr. Ghanem's first business with China unsuccessful. Write down two reasons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Write down the sentence which indicates that telling jokes during business meeting shows disrespect according to the Chinese culture. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.When did Mr Ghanem first start doing business with China? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. Replace the underlined item if only with a suitable equivalent.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. Find a word in the text which means‘discussing something in order to reach an

agreement, especially in business or politics‟

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. If you want to be successful in business , you should have some important skills. Suggest three skills that lead to success in such area. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. It is important to know about different cultures and habits to achieve success in business. Think of this statement and , in two sentences, write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SB page 66

Our country‟s imports and exports

KEY WORDS

In this report, we will look at the countries that Jordan trades with and what goods it exports

and imports. First, let‘s look at exports. Jordan is rich in potash and phosphate, and the extraction industry for these minerals is one of the largest in the world. (1) Not surprisingly, two of Jordan`s largest exports are chemicals and fertilisers. Pharmaceuticals and other industries represent 30% of Jordan‘s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and 75% of Jordan‘s pharmaceuticals are exported. (2) However, the majority (65%) of the economy is dominated by services, mostly travel and tourism. Most of Jordan‘s exports go to Iraq, the USA, India and Saudi Arabia.

أال, األهك ؿ٢ ثبجرب اللبد, . ك٢ نا ازوو٣و, اء ػ٠ ال از٢ ب ػالهبد رغبه٣خ غ األهك اغ از٢ رلهب رزهكب

أب األك٣خ . صز٤ أجو بكهاد األهك ٢ ا٤ب٣بد األلحاال ػغت أ . رؼزجو ابػبد اإلزقواع٤خ ن اؼبك أجوب ك٢ اؼب

اإلهزبك (%65)ػ٠ أ١ ؽب, كا . األك٣خ ٣ز رل٣وب% 75, (GDP) ئعب٢ بك٢ األزبط اؾ٢ % 30ابػبد األفو رض

. رنت ؼظ بكهاد األهك ؼوام, اال٣بد ازؾلح, ال, اخ اؼوث٢ اؼك٣خ. ٣قغ قلبد ؿبج٤زب ا٤بؽخ الو

Now let‘s look at imports. Unlike some other countries in the Middle East, Jordan does not

have large oil or gas reserves. (3) For thatreason, Jordan has to import oil and gas for its

energy needs.Its other main imports are cars, medicines and wheat. In 2013 CE, 23.6% of

Jordan‘s imports were from Saudi Arabia. This was followed by the EU, with 17.6% of its

imports. Other imports have come from China and the United States.

export goods sold to another country ٣له

extraction the process of removing and obtaining something from something else

ازقواط

Gross Domestic Products

the value of a country‘s total output of goods and services

ابرظ اؾ٢

import goods bought from other countries ٣زهك

reserve something kept back or set aside, especially for future use

قي

fertiliser a substance that is put on the land to make crops grow

بك

agreement an arrangement or promise to do something, made by two or more people, companies or organisations

ارلبم

dominate to be the most important feature of something ٤٣طو ػ٠

minerals a substance that is present in some foods and is needed for good health; a substance that is found naturally in the earth

ؼبك

pharmaceuticals companies which produce drugs and medicine شركات الصناعات الدوائة

knitwear clothing made from wool (ؾجخ ثببهح ) الث ك٤خ

goods things that are produced in order to be sold ثبئغ

63

طونا اجت, ١. ػ٠ فالف ال األفو ك٢ اوم األ , ال ٣ي األهك قيبد ج٤وح اـبى ال. ا٥ و٢ ظوح ػ٠ ابكهاد

, بذ 2013ك٢ ػب . ااهكاد اوئ٤٤خ األفو ٢ ا٤بهاد, األك٣خ اوؼ. اـبى ال زج٤خ اؽز٤بعبرب اطبهخ ا ٣زهك األهك

رأر٢ ااهكاد األفو ا٤ . ااهكاد% 17.6 اهكاد األهك اخ اؼوث٤خ اؼك٣خ, ٤٣ب اإلرؾبك األهث٢ ثجخ % 23.6

. اال٣بد ازؾلح

Jordan has more free trade agreements than any other Arab country, and it trades freely with

many countries, including the USA, Canada and Malaysia. Which other areas are important for

Jordan‘s trade? Jordan first signed a trade agreement with the EU in 1997 CE. It signed a free

trade agreement with Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia in 2004 CE. In 2011 CE, another trade

agreement was made with the EU, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. (4) Trade with the EU and

North Africa in particular is likely to grow.

ب ٢ . رززغ االهك ثارلبه٤بد رغبهح ؽوح أضو أ١ ثل ػوث٢ آفو, رزجبك رغبه٣ب ثؾو٣خ غ اؼل٣ل ال ثب ك٤ب اال٣بد ازؾلح لا ب٤ي٣ب

هغ األهك ئرلبه٤خ رغبهح ؽوح غ. 1997هؼذ االهك أال ئرلبه٤خ رغبهح ؽوح غ اإلرؾبك األهث٢ ػب ابن األفو ماد األ٤خ ثبجخ ألهك؟

اؾز أ ٣ ازجبك . هغ ئرلبه٤خ أفو غ االرؾبك األهث٢ و اـوة ر2011ك٢ ػب . 2004و, اـوة, ر ػب

. ازغبه١ غ اإلرؾبك األهث٢ ب اكو٣و٤ب ث فب

رــــــــبه٣ــــ اـــــــــزبة

2 / SB page 66

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.

1.Why do countries need to export and import goods? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.Why should our community buy Jordanian goods? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.Which of the following goods do you think Jordan exports?

fertiliser, gas, knitwear, minerals, oil, pharmaceuticals ,vegetables

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5 / SB page 67

Read the report again and answer the questions.

1.What does the article suggest that many of Jordan‘s fertilisers are made from? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.Why does Jordan import a lot of oil and gas? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.Which country supplies Jordan with most of its imports? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 .Why is trade with the EU and North Africa likely to grow? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

64

Quotation / SB page 67

Read the quotation. Do you agree with it? Why/Why not?

‗Unless the exchange be in love and kindly justice, it will but lead some to greed and others to hunger.‘ Gibran Khalil Gibran (1883 CE–1931 CE) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

COMPREHENSION TEST 1. Name two exported and imported goods in Jordan. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Name two countries that Jordan exports its goods to. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Write down the sentence which indicates that Jordan has the world's largest extraction industry for potash and phosphate. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. According to the text, what countries does Jordan import its good from? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. What dominates the economy of Jordan? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. What do the underlined abbreviation (GDP) stand for ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. What does the underlined word ‗reserves ‗ mean?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Jordan needs to increase its exports in order to improve its economy . Suggest three ways to increase Jordan‘s exports. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Jordan has to introduce important procedures in order to decrease its import of gas and oil. Think of this statement and, in two sentences, write down your point of view. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

65

AB page 46

How to make a sales pitch

KEY WORDS

sales pitch a presentation made by someone who is trying to

sell a product

/ رو٣ظ غ

ػو ر٣و٢

target market people who are identified as possible customers ام ازلف

age group a set of people of similar age غػ ل

اؼو

department store a large shop that sells many different types of

things زغو ج٤و

package holiday an organized trip with everything included

in the price (travel, accommodation, food) ئعبىح ـطبح ازب٤ق

Whether you‘re selling a new type of toothpaste to a chain of pharmacies, the latest computer software to a school or a new kind of package holiday to a travel agency – you need to know …

اء ذ رج٤غ ػب عل٣لا ؼغ األب غػخ ٤ل٤بد, أذ رج٤غ أؽلس ثوغ٤خ ؽبة لهخ , أ ذ روط ع عل٣ل

... ٣غت أ رؼوف – اـطبح الخ بخ لو اإلعبىاد

1. Do your research ه ثبجؾش Don't come away from a sales pitch wishing you had been better prepared. It is essential to

know everything about your product. (1) Do you know when it was developed, and whereitis

produced? You also need to know who the target market is – for example, the age group or

income of the people who might buy it. Not only that, you should know all about the

competition – that is, similar products on the market. (2) Why is your product superior to

others and why does it have better value? In addition, you should know exactly which people

you are speaking to, and what their needs are. For example, if they represent a middle-class

department store in a humble neighbourhood, be ready to explain why your particular

product would suit customers who do not have lots of money.(3) What makes your product

perfect for them? Most of all, you need to believe in what you‘re selling, and the best way to do that is to use it!

marketing the study of selling products to the appropriate customer

ر٣ن

extensively in a way to cover or affect a large area زل

machinery machines, especially large ones; a system or set of processes for doing something

آ٤خ

corporate belonging to or relating to a corporation, a big company or a group of companies acting together as a single organization

رب واخ

66

رؼ ز٠ ر رط٣و, أ٣ ٣زظ؟ ٣غت ا رؼوف . ك ا أ رؼوف ٤ئ ػ زغي. ال روعغ ػ ػو ر٣و٢ آال أي زؼل ث أك

أ١ –٤ مي كو, ٣غت أ رؼوف أ٣ب ػ ابكخ . الئخ اؼو٣خ؟ أ كف اب ان٣ هل ٣وؿج ثوائ– ضال –أ٣ب ب ام ازلف

بما ٣ؼزجو زظ أك ا٥فو٣ بما ٣ززغ ثو٤خ أجو؟ ثبإلبكخ ني, ٣غت أ رؼوف اب ان٣ رزؾلس . ازغبد ابثخ زغي ك٢ ام

ػ٠ ج٤ اضب, ئما با ٣ض زغوا طجوخ اط٠ ك٢ ؽ٢ ث٤, زؼلأ ز٤ؼ جت زغي ٣بت ايثبئ . ئ٤ ب ٢ ؽبعبر

ب ان١ ٣غؼ زغي الئب ربب ؟ فبخ, ٣غت أ رإ ثب رج٤غ, أك و٣وخ ني ٢ ازقلا . ث فب ان٣ ٤ ل٣ اض٤و اب

! ازظ

2. Prepare and practice ازؼل رلهة Plan your presentation carefully, not just what you will say, but how you will say it. (4) Will

you read it word by word, use notes or memorise it? Whatever you decide, it is always a good

idea to have a list of your main points, in case something interrupts you, or you simply freeze

with nerves (it happens!). Then practise it, if possible in front of colleagues. Make changes and practise it again.

زووأ خ خ, أ ززقل الؽظبد ززنو ؟ ب رووه, . فط ؼوي ازول٢٣ ثؼب٣خ, ٤ كو ب زو, ث ٤ق زو

اما رلهة ػ٤ , ئ . (!نا ٣ؾ)ك ا ا ٣ ل٣ي هبئخ ثبوب اوئ٤٤خ اؽز٤بب ا ٣وبؼي ٢ء ب , ا رزغل أػبثي

ه ثبزؼل٣الد رلهة صب٤خ . أ أب ىالئي3. Be professional ؾزوكب

Keep your presentation short and simple. Start with some friendly comments. (5) For

example, thank your hosts for allowing you to speak to them, and compliment their company.

Remember to speak slowly and clearly. It is important to appear confident (even if you‘re

nervous!). While you‘re speaking, don‘t keep your head down. (6) Instead, look round the

room and make eye contact with your audience. Smile! When you‘ve finished speaking, invite

questions. If you don‘t know the answers, don‘t pretend! Thank the questioner and promise

to find out the answer (and do it!). Finally, have a summary of your presentation ready to

hand out at the end of the session. I wish I had known all this when I started out in business! Good luck!

رنو أ رزؾلس ثجء . ضال, وا ز٤ل٤ ػ٠ ابػ ي ثبزؾلس ئ٤, ازلػ هكوز . أثلأ ثزؼ٤وبد ك٣خ. اعؼ ػوي ث٤طب ه٤وا

ث أظو ؽ اـوكخ ه ثزا ثو١ . أصبء ازؾلس, ال رطأ أ هأي ئ٠ األل. (ؽز٠ ذ زروا ) اوه١ أ رجلا اصوب . ػ

أو اق ان١ أ هل ! أما رزكو ل٣ي اإلعبثخ, ال رزظبو ثؼوكزب . ػل اإلزبء اؾل٣ش, اكزؼ اغب ألئخ! أثز. غ اؾه

ي عيا ػ ػوي ازول٢٣ زى٣ؼ ك٢ ب٣خ اغخ. (ه ثني كؼال )اػل ثأي ف رجؾش ػ اإلعبثخ أر٠ ذ رؼوف ن . أف٤وا, ع

!ؽظب ٤جب ! اؼبد ػلب ثلأد ثبؼ

67

رــــــــبه٣ــــ اـــــــــزبة

10 / AB page 47

Find the expressions 1–5 in the text, then match them with their meanings.

1. package holiday …………………………. 2. sales pitch …………………………. 3. target market …………………………. 4. age group ………………………… 5. department store ………………………. a. people who are identified as possible customers b. a set of people of similar age c. a large shop that sells many different types of things d. a presentation made by someone who is trying to sell a product e.an organised trip with everything included in the price (travel, accommodation, food)

COMPREHENSION TEST

1.You need to know different things about your product . Write down two of them. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. In order to be a professional sales person , you should have some qualities. Write down two of them. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Quote the sentence which indicates that using what you sell is the best way to believe in what you sell. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.Give two examples of friendly comments. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Write down the sentence which shows that salesperson has to be honest if if he / she doesn‘t have enough details about the product. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. What should you do if you do not know an answer to a question?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. What does the underlined expression ‘ target market‟ mean?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. What do the underlined words ― pronouns ‗ refer to ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. A successful salesperson needs to acquire some properties . Suggest three qualities that a

salesperson should have.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. Planning is the first step to success. Think of this statement and , in two sentences, write

down your point of view.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

68

The word (s) English Meaning Arabic Meaning do a deal to arrange an agreement in business ػول لوخ أ ارلبم

tell a joke to say something to make people laugh ٣يػ

agreement an arrangement or promise to do something, made by two or more people, companies or organisations

ارلبم

dominate to be the most important feature of something

٤٣طو ػ٠

export goods sold to another country ٣له

extraction the process of removing and obtaining something from something else

ازقواط

Gross Domestic Products

the value of a country‘s total output of goods and services

ابرظ اؾ٢

import goods bought from other countries ٣زهك

reserve something kept back or set aside, especially for future use

قي

fertiliser a substance that is put on the land to make crops grow

بك

knitwear clothing made from wool (ؾجخ ثببهح ) الث ك٤خ

minerals a substance that is present in some foods and is needed for good health; a substance that is found naturally in the earth

ؼبك

extensively in a way to cover or affect a large area زل

machinery machines, especially large ones; a system or set of processes for doing something

آ٤خ

replicate to produce a copy of something ػ قخ طبثوخ

corporate belonging to or relating to a corporation, a big company or a group of companies acting together as a single organization

رب واخ

domestic relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries

كاف٢

evolve to develop gradually ٣طه

negotiate to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics

٣لب

track record all of a person‘s or organisation‘s past achievements, successes or failures which show how well they have done something

االغبى/ غ االكاء

goods things that are produced in order to be sold ثبئغ

pharmaceuticals companies which produce drugs and medicine

شركات الصناعات الدوائة

qualifications official records of achievement awarded upon the successful completion of a course of training or passing an exam

إالد

marketing the study of selling products to the appropriate customer

ر٣ن

sales pitch a presentation made by someone who is

trying to sell a product ػو ر٣و٢ / رو٣ظ غ

target market people who are identified as possible

customers ام ازلف

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age group a set of people of similar age غػ ل اؼو

department store a large shop that sells many different

types of things زغو ج٤و

package holiday

an organized trip with everything

included in the price (travel,

accommodation, food)

اعبىح ـطبح ازب٤ق

Collocations

verbPhrases

اولهح ػ٠ اعبثخ االئخ

ثبكخ رلب٤ب to have the ability to understand complicated questions and respond to them appropriately

be able to answer detailed questions

eat away from home, especially in a restaurant eat out ٣ب ك٢ اقبهط ئػطبء ثطبهخ أػب

(ثطبهخ رؼو٣ل٤خ ثبق)

to give someone a card that shows abusiness person‘s name, position and contact details

give a business card

ؿ٤و (خ)ػ ؾبكصخ

ه٤خ

to have an informal chat with someone in order to start a conversation

make a small talk

رــــــــبه٣ــــ اـــــــــزبة

6 / SB page 67

Choose the correct word(s) to complete the text about exports from Jordan to the

European Union.

exported, had exported, imported ,was exported, was imported, were exported

Jordan has sold goods to the EU for many years. In fact, it (1) ………………………many products to the EU even before the 1997 CE trade agreement was made. The chart shows goods that Jordan ……………………..(2) to the EU in 2011 CE. Chemicals accounted for about 37.2% of its exports. Jordan also exported a lot of metals (16.8%) as well as manufactured goods (11.2%). Smaller amounts of food, live animals and machinery (3) …………………………………to the EU. The section called ‗other‘ included sales of goods related to forestry and mining.

make a mistake ٣ورت فطأ make small talk ٣ول ؽل٣ضب ه٤وا

٣ب٣ن / ٣جت از٤بء cause offence earn respect ٣ت اؽزوا

join a company ٣ ا٠ وخ shake hands ٣بكؼ

ask questions ٣طوػ ائخ

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1 / AB page 44

Complete the collocations with the verbs in the box. One verb is not needed. The first

one is done for you.

ask, cause, do, earn, join, make (x2), shake

1. makea mistake

2. ……………… questions 3. ……………… hands 4. ……………… respect 5. ……………… a company 6. ………………offence 7. ………………small talk

2 / AB page 44

Complete the sentences with collocations from exercise 1. The first one is done for you.

1. Be very careful when you answer the questions, and try not to make a mistake

2. If you are polite, you won‘t……………………or upset anybody. 3. Before the serious discussion starts, we always………………..; it‘s often about the weather! 4. Nasser has applied to……………………… the …………………where his father works . 5. In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it‘s polite to……………………….. 6. After the talk, there will be a chance for you to ……………aboutanything you don't understand . 7. By working hard , you will …………..the ……………of your boss.

4 / AB page 44

Complete the explanations with words from the box. One word is not needed.

Compromise, conflict, negotiate, patient, prepared,previous, track record

1. When you talk about business and try to do a deal, you _____________. 2. When you are ready for something, you are _____________ for it. 3. When you can prove that you have experience, you have a _____________. 4. When two sides disagree and argue, there is _____________. 5. When each side changes their position a little so that they can agree, they have managed to _____________. 6.When you stay calm and take your time, you are being _____________.

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UNIT NINE

The world of the business

MODEL ANSWERS

Unreal past forms for past regrets

5 / SB page 65

1. had studied 2. had done 3. had been 4 hadn‘t eaten

4 / SB page 68

1. were 2. understood 3. spoke 4. had

5 / AB page 45

1. If 2. had 3. wish; only 4. had 5. hadn‘t

6/ AB page 45

1. hadn’t forgotten 2 had gone 3. had had/had brought 4. hadn‘t forgotten /hadn‘t left it at home 5. had played

7/ AB page 45

1. If only I’d brought a coat./I wish I’d brought a coat. 2. If only we‘d got up earlier./I wish we‘d got up earlier. 3. If only I hadn‘t eaten so many sweets./I wish I hadn‘t eaten so many sweets. 4. If only he had been more careful./I wish he‘d been more careful. 5. If only she‘d been able to come./I wish she‘d been able to come. 6. If only I hadn‘t dropped it./I wish I hadn‘t dropped it.

8/ AB page 45

1. If only Samia hadn‘t been angry at breakfast time. 2. I wish I had concentrated properly in class today. 3. Nader wishes he had been more careful with his essay. 4. If only I had learnt English better when I was younger. 5. I had read that book. 6.If only I‘d done more revision. 7. I wish I hadn‘t spoken a loud in my class.

11/ AB page 45

1. lived in a big house 2. was older 3. liked the same things 4. had a camera with me 5. weren‘t so far away6. didn‘t have a headache

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Doing business in China

4 / SB page 64 1. It wasn‘t successful because he didn‘t have enough knowledge about the culture of China, and he was too young. 2 .A ‗track record‘ is your reputation based on the things you have done or not done in the past. 3. the director 4. He had been on a cultural awareness course and so he knew how to do business in China. 5 Suggested answers: the need to be culturally aware, the need for preparation, the need to listen carefully and negotiate 6. No, I don‘t think I would be successful business person now because I have no experience.

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. you mustn‘t arrive late and shake your hands gently. 2. He joined a larger company and they sent him on a cultural awareness course. 3. ‗He worked for a small computer company in Amman. They sent him to China when he was still quite young. 4. I never told a joke, as this may not be translated correctly or could cause offence.‘ 5. In 2004 CE. 6.I wish 7. negotiating. 8. I : Mr Ghanem / They : a smaller computer company / him : the company director 9. There are many skills that lead to success in such area like having language skills and being aware of communication skills . Also , you should have computer skills. 10. I think that it is important to know about different cultures and habits to achieve success in business because this helps you to behave well with people you are working with . Also, it improves your chance of success.

Our country‟s imports and exports

2 / SB page 66 1. They export goods to make money ,and they import goods that they don‘t grow or manufacture themselves. 2. In order to support Jordanian economy. 3. fertiliser, knitwear, minerals, pharmaceuticals ,vegetables 5 / SB page 67

1. They are made from potash and phosphate, as this is what Jordan is rich in. 2. Jordan imports a lot of oil and gas because it does not have enough of its own reserves for the needs of the country. 3. Saudi Arabia 4. Trade with these areas is likely to grow because Jordan has signed trade agreements with both areas. Quotation / SB page 67 I agree with this quotation because Gibran refers to that some people do not have the ethics and values of trade and this leads to greed and hunger on a large scale among societies because greedy people are looking only on how to benefit themselves.

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COMPREHENSION TEST

1.Exports : chemicals and fertilisers. /Imports : medicines and wheat 2. Iraq, the USA 3. Jordan is rich in potash and phosphate, and the extraction industry for these minerals is one of the largest in the world.

4. Saudi Arabia, EU, China and the United States. 5. services, mostly travel and tourism. 6. Gross Domestic Product. 7. something kept back or set aside, especially for future use. 8.it : Jordan / that : Unlike some other countries in the Middle East, Jordan does not have large oil or gas reserves./ its : Jordan. 9. There are many ways to increase Jordan‘s exports like supporting local industries and reducing taxes . Also, using advanced agricultural methods. 10. I think that Jordan has to introduce important procedures in order to decrease its import of gas and oil . For example , Jordanians can use public transports instead of using their own cars . Also, they have to recycle their waste and use renewable energy resources.

How to make a sales pitch

10 / AB page 47 1. e 2.d 3. a 4. b 5. c

COMPREHENSION TEST 1. where it is produced and who the target market is. 2. Keep your presentation short and simple. Start with some friendly comments. 3. Most of all, you need to believe in what you‘re selling, and the best way to do that is to use it!

4. thank your hosts for allowing you to speak to them, and compliment their company. 5. If you don‘t know the answers, don‘t pretend!

6. Thank the questioner and promise to find out the answer (and do it!).

7. people who are identified as possible customers.

8. it : product / who : people / them : hosts.

9.There are many qualities that a salesperson should have like being dynamic and confident.

Also, he /she needs to be persuasive

10. I think that planning is the first step to success , because if you plan your work , you will be able to

achieve success . Also, you will be ready to overcome difficulties

6 / SB page 67 1. had exported 2. exported 3. were exported

1 / AB page 44 1. make 2. ask 3. shake 4. earn 5. join 6. cause 7. make

2 / AB page 44 1. make a mistake 2. cause offence 3. make small talk4. join, company 5. shake hands 6 .ask questions 7. earn, respect

4 / AB page 44 1. negotiate 2. prepared 3. track record 4. conflict 5. compromise 6. Patient

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UNIT TEN

Career choices

Conditional sentences 1. Zero with future time phrases

The function:

To describe something that always happens (the inevitable consequence) after a certain action or event. ثؼل ػ ا ؽلس ؼ٤ (ز٤غخ ؽز٤خ )ق ٢ء ٣ؾلس كائب

The structure:

If+ S + present simple…., S + present simple….

( If Clause ) ( Main Clause )

If plants don‟t get enough sunlight, they die.

Or

S + present simple…. if+ S + present simple…

( Main Clause ) ( If Clause ) no comma)

Water turns to ice ifthe temperature falls below zero.

٣ ازجلا : الؽظخ if ثـ when ثؼ٠ ػلب

If / Whenthe temperature falls below zero,water turns to ice

. , ف حالة إعطاء أمر أو طلب ف جملة جواب الشرط Zero النوع ستخدم: مالحظة

If you see Majed, tell him to call me.

If you feel tired , don't go with them to the party.

2. First conditionals with future time phrases

The function:

To describe a future outcome of a certain future action or event. ق ز٤غخ زوج٤خ ؼ ا ؽلس زوج٢ ؼ٤

The structure:

If+ S + present simple…., S + will+ Base….

( If Clause ) ( Main Clause )

If you get an interview for a job in pharmaceuticals, you will need to show real enthusiasm

for the industry.

Or

S + will+ Base …. if+ S + present simple… (no comma)

( Main Clause ) ( If Clause )

I will buy this book if it isn‘t too expensive

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even if provided ( providing) that (ؽز٠ ), as long as (ثو ا ), (بب )٣ ازقلا االكاد ازب٤خ : الؽظخ

. ٤ ثل اؼ٠ if ثل و٣وخ unless , ( ب / اال اما)

I‘ll buy the book provided (providing ) that / as long as it isn‘t too expensive.

(I will buy the book if it isn‘t too expensive)

if …. not = unless : الؽظخ

I‘ll buy itunless it‘s expensive. (I‘ll buy itif it isn‟t too expensive.)

Unless you study hard , you won‘t pass the exam . ( If you don‟t study hard , you won‘t

pass the exam.)

رزقل : الؽظخ Even if زب٤ل ا ٤ئب ب ٤ؾ ب ب اهق

I‘ll buy it even if it‘s expensive. (I will buy it. The price isn‘t important.)

3.The second conditional

The function:

To talk about a hypothetical or improbable situation. ؾل٣ش ػ اهق اكزوا٤خ ا ؿ٤و ؾزخ

The structure:

If+ S + Past simple …., S + would + Base ….

( If Clause ) ( Main Clause )

If I had his number, I would call him.

Or

S + would+ Base...if+ S + Past simple … (no comma)

Main Clause ) ( If Clause )

She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

Note: with the verb To Be we use IF + I / HE / SHE / IT + WERE

If I were not in debt, I would quit my job.

If he were taller, he'd be accepted into the team.

a piece of adviceك٢ نا اع زول٣ ا٤ؾخ (why don‟t you / could / If I were you )رزقل اؼجبهاد ازب٤خ : الؽظخ

- If I were you, I would study harder.

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4.The third conditional

The function:

To imagine past situations that are impossible and did not happen. رق٤ اهق بثوخ زؾ٤خ رؾلس

The structure:

If+ S + Past Perfect …., S + would have + V.3 ….

( If Clause ) ( Main Clause )

If I had studied harder , I would have passed the exam

Or

S + would have + V.3 ... if+ S + Past Perfect … (no comma)

Main Clause ) ( If Clause )

I wouldn‟t have gone to the library if my friend hadn‟t invited me.

● The if-clause states one event that did not happen. كؼ او ٣ؼو ؽلس ٣ؾ

If I had stayed at home that day, I would have missed the celebration.

(The person did not stay at home that day.)

● The main clause states the result, which also did not happen: عاة او ٣ؼو ز٤غخ رؾ ا٣ب

If I had stayed at home that day, I would have missed the celebration.

(The person attended the celebration.)

The third conditional with could and might

The function:

To talk about the imaginary past. ٢ / زؾلس ػ ب٢ ف٤ب٢

when we are less sure of the result of the impossible past situation. ػلب ال زبل٣ ز٤غخ هق زؾ٤ ك٢ اب٢

We can use could haveor might havein place of( ثلال( would have.

If I had prepared better for the competition, I might have won the first prize.

(The speaker is not sure that this would have been true.)

If I had slept better the night before the exam, I could have concentrated better.

(It is possible that the speaker would have been able to concentrate.)

اب ازقلا , ٣ل٤ل ا ازؾلس ؿ٤و زبل Could ٣ل٤ل اولهح might ث٤ب ازقلا , ٣ل٤ل ا ازؾلس زبل ز٤غخ ب would * ازقلا

االب٤خ و٤ب ثؼ ب

If I‘d gone to a different school, I might not have studied French. I could have taken English.

Our team could have won the match if they‘d trained harder, and then they might have been

champions now if they‘d won.

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اةـاه٣ اذــر

6 / SB page 73

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. Unless you have a language degree, you do / will not be able to become an interpreter.

2. If you get an interview for a job, you needed / will need to show that you have good listening

skills.

3. If you are successful, it is / will be a secure and rewarding job.

4. You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people understand / understood

everything you translate.

2 / SB page 74

Complete the sentences with expressions from the box that ask for or give advice.

you could if I were you why don‟t you

1. Before you find a full-time job,------------------ consider doing voluntary work? 2. ---------------------------, I‘d find out about training courses. 3. As you have a Geology degree,-------------------- do a course in Land Surveying and become a surveyor.

3 / SB page 74

Complete the following mini-dialogues by giving advice.

1.A: I would like to get a job as a teacher of English.

B:--------------------- study English at university?

2.A: I want to learn Chinese, but they don‘t teach it in my school.

B: You-------------------------- do a Chinese course online.

3.A: I don‘t understand what we have to do for homework.

B:-------------------- , I would ask the teacher.

4 / SB page 74

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets, using the third

conditional.

1. I--------------- (have got) the job if I -----------------(have) some experience.

2. If you -----------------(do) the course, you ---------------------(have) enough experience to apply for

the job.

5 / SB page 74

Complete each sentence with your own ideas, using the third conditional

1. If there had been email in the 1960s, ---------------------------------------------. 2. If people had had mobile phones in the past, -----------------------------------. 3. If people had known about global warming in the past, ----------------------.

10 / SB page 75

Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use could and might

1. If I hadn‘t come to this school, ------------------------------------------------. 2. If I hadn‘t grown up in this city, -----------------------------------------------.

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4 / AB page 49

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. The first one is

done for you .

1. When you arrive at the station next Saturday, we will be there to meet you.

(arrive/be)

2. Nasser -----------out with us tomorrow unless he-------------- help his father.

(come/have to)

3. I -----------you with your homework, as long as you---------- me with mine!

(help/help)

4. Provided that it------------ , we----------- a picnic next week.(not rain/have)

5. If you--------- the prize, how ---------you---------- the tmoney? (win/spend)

6. Even if Omar------------ his driving test this afternoon, he--------------------------- his own

car.(pass/not have)

5 / AB page 49

Circle the correct word in bold, and complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verb in brackets. The first one is done for you.

1.When / Unless you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (heat)

2. You will not pass your exams as long as / unless you-------------- hard. (study)

3.If / Unless you------------------- the plants, they will die. (not water)

4. Do you usually go home or meet your friends when / provided that school------ ?(finish)

5. Your new computer will last a long time as long as / even if you---------- carefulwith it.( be )

6 / AB page 50

Join the sentence beginnings 1–5 with their endings a–e, using the words in bold.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. During Ramadan, we eat if

when even if unless

provided that

a. it‘s closed. 2. I‘ll phone you b. we‘re tired. 3. We‘ll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday

c. it‘s part-time – I haven‘t finished my university studies yet.

4. I will take the job offer d. the sun sets. 5. We have to go to school, e. I miss the bus so that you pick me up.

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7 / AB page 50

Tick the correct sentences. Rewrite the wrong ones with words from the box. The first

two are done for you.

even if if unless when

1. Ice cream melts when it gets warm. ✓

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. We need umbrellas unless it rains. We need umbrellas when it rains.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. The teacher will be pleased unless I write a good essay. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Our team will celebrate if they win the match. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Provided that everyone works hard, we‘ll all pass our exams. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Babies are usually happy as long as they‘re hungry or cold. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. We should always be polite unless we feel tired. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8/ AB page 50

Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use the zero or first conditional.

1. When I get home from school, I usually------------------------------------------. 2. Unless we‘re given a lot of homework tonight, -----------------------------------------. 3. If there‘s something I don‘t understand, I usually---------------------------------------. 4. Even if I‘m tired tonight, ------------------------------------------. 5. As long as I have enough money, ------------------------------------------. 6. Provided that my parents agree, ------------------------------------------.

12/ AB page 52

Rewrite the advice, using the words inbrackets. The first one is done for you.

1. You should practise the presentation several times. (were)

If I were you, I‟d practise the presentation several times.

2. It would be a good idea for you to make a list of questions. (could)

………………………………………………………………………………..

3. You ought to get some work experience. (don‟t)

………………………………………………………………………………..

4. You shouldn‘t look too casual. (If)

………………………………………………………………………………..

5. You should do a lot of research. (would)

………………………………………………………………………………..

✓

x

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13/ AB page 52

Read the situations and complete the sentences with the third conditional, using the

word in brackets. The first one is done for you.

Reason as a result, / because of that, / and/ therefore Result

that’s how / that’s why /consequently// so

If + subject + had (not ) + v3 , s + would ( not ) / could (not) / might (not) + have+v3

Result because / as / since Reason

s + would ( not ) / could (not) / might (not) + have+v3 if + subject + had (not ) + v3

1. Saeed left his camera at home, so he wasn‘t able to take pictures of the parade. (could)

If Saeed hadn‟t left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures of the parade.

2. I had a headache yesterday, and I didn‘t do well in the Maths test. (might)

………………………………………………………………………………..

3. I didn‘t know your phone number, so I wasn‘t able to contact you. (could)

………………………………………………………………………………..

4. You had a brightly-coloured T-shirt on. That‘s how I noticed you in the crowd.(might not)

………………………………………………………………………………..

5. I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (if /might not)

………………………………………………………………………………..

A. Correct the verbs between brackets:

1. If you feel tired , ………………….to sleep . ( go )

2. You will fail the exam , if you ………………. hard ( not / study )

3. If I ………….., you , I would apologise . ( be )

4. When you heat water, it ………….. ( boil)

5. Provided that it ………….,we will have a picnic next week. (not, rain)6. The police man

wouldn‘t have fined you if you ………………………. the law( not break )

7. If she ………………. early, she won‘t attend the class. ( not / come )

8.If Huda………………. ill yesterday, she wouldn‘t have missed the exam. (not /be )

9. I couldn‘t climb Mount Everest even ifsomeone………… my equipment for me! ( carry )

10.If my father …………………. to university, he could have been a teacher. ( go )

B. Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to

the one before it,

1. If I don‘t have enough money , I won‘t travel abroad .

Unless ………………………………………………………………………

2.You shouldn‘t worry so much.

If I………………………………………………… .

3. You won‘t get high marks unless you study hard.

If …………………………………………………………………………………….

4. I didn‘t invite Ali , so he didn‘t come .

If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Saleem left his wallet at home, so he wasn‘t able to purchase his necessary items. ( could )

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. I studied really hard the day before the final exams. I achieved the first rank in my class.

(might not)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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SB page 72

My job as an interpreter

KEY WORDS

My name is Fatima Musa and I have worked as an interpreter for five years. Many students have

emailed me about my work because they want to know what it would be like to do my job. So

here is my reply. أ شذ ألى انعذذ ي انطالب ساعه تاالم يغرفغش ع عه .اع فاغح يع عهد كرشجح فسح نذج خظ عاخ

. نزنك زا سد. عشفا يا غثعح عه

I have always been fond of languages. My father worked in many different countries when I was

young and we usually travelled with him. When we visited a country, I always wanted to learn the language. At school I was very good at English. Therefore, I decided on a career as an interpreter.

كد دائا , عذيا كا ضس تهذا. انذ عم ف تهذا يخرهفح عذذج عذيا كد صغشج غانثا يا عافشا يع. نطانا كد دائا يغشيح تانهغاخ

.قشسخ أ اذخز يح يرشجح, نزنك. ف انذسعح كد جذج جذا ف االجهضح. أسذ ذعهى نغرا My job now involves going to important conferences and seminars around the world. When a person speaks in English at a conference, I listen to what they say through headphones. I then translate into Arabic while the speaker is talking. I give the translation through

headphones to other people at the meeting. This means that anyone in the room who speaks

Arabic can understand what people are saying.

headphones a piece of equipment that you wear over your ears to listen privately to the radio, music, etc.

بػبد هأ

interpreter someone who translates spoken words from one language into another

زوع كه١

regional relating to a particular region or area ئه٢٤

rewarding giving personal satisfaction غي١

seminar a class on a particular subject, usually given as a form of training

لح/ؽوخ رله٤٣خ

secure safe; free from danger ا

translation expressing of something in different language روعخ

fond of having an affection or liking for someone or something

ــو ة

concentration attention, or attention span رو٤ي

post graduate someone who has finished their first degree and is continuing to study either a Master‘s or a PhD; ~ degree a second degree of Master‘s or PhD level

فو٣ظ

qualifications official record of achievement إالد

degree a qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed a course of study

كهعخ ػ٤خ/ بكح

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عذيا رذذز ادذى تاالجهضح ف يؤذش اعرع إن يا قن عثش . عه أال شم انزاب إن انؤذشاخ انذاخ انح ف أذاء انعانى

زا ع إأ . أقذو انرشجح عثش عاعاخ ساعح إن اناط اخش ف االجراع. شى أذشجئن انعشتح تا انرذذز رذذز . انغاعاخ انشاعح

.ادذ ف انغشفح رذذز انعشتح ك أ فى يا قن اناط Is it an easy job? Not at all. English is not the same in all English-speaking countries. For example, the English words that are used in India are sometimes different to the words that people use in the UK, the USA or Australia. As well as knowing regional English, you also need to know a lot of specialist language. Some of the words that are used to talk about business, science or law, for example, make it almost a different language!

انكهاخ االجهضح انغرخذيح ف انذ ذك أداا , يصال. االجهضح نغد ادذج ف جع انذل اناغقح تاالجهضح. م عم عم؟ ال أتذا

ذذراض ال ذعشف أعا انكصش ع , تاإلظافح نعشفح االجهضح اإلقهح. يخرهفح ع انكهاخ انر غرخذيا اناط ف تشطاا أأيشكاأ اعرشانا

إرا نى ذك ذذم شادج .ذجعهانغح يخرهفح ذقشثا, يصال, تعط انكهاخ انر ذغرخذو نهذذس ع األعاأل انعهى أ انقا. االجهضح انرخصصح

.فه ذرك ي أ ذصثخ يرشجا فسا, تانهغح Unless you have a language degree, you will not be able to become an interpreter. Provided that you have a postgraduate qualification, you will probably get a job as an interpreter quite quickly. If you get an interview for a job, you will need to show that you have good listening skills and a clear speaking voice. You will also need to show that you can think quickly and that you are able to concentrate for long periods of time. If you are successful, it is a secure and rewarding job. You will probably need to travel a lot, but that is not a problem as long as you enjoy visiting other countries.

فغرذراض ال ذث تا نذك ياساخ , إرا دصهد عه يقاتهح ي اجم ظفح. فشتا ذذصم عه ظفح يرشجى فس تغشعح, إرا كا نذك يؤم جايع عان

إرا كد اجذا فئا ظفح . عرذراض أعا ال ذث تأثئيكاكأ ذفكش تغشعح تأك قادس عه انرشكض نفرشاخ غهح ي انقد. اعراع جذج صخ اظخ

.نك رنك نظ يشكهح نطانا اك ذغرع تضاسج انثهذا األخش, ستا عرذراض ال ذغافش كصشا. أيح يجضح

It is a very responsible job. I am aware that if I translate things badly, it could affect an

important law or trade agreement between countries. However, you get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people understand everything that you translate.

عه . اذفاق ذجاسج يى ت تهذأ ؤشش عه قا أفا رنك ك , تشكم خاغئ أشاء ذشجد إنىأئرا يذسكح إا. جذاجيغؤن ظفح فا أا

. اناط ف كم شء ذرشجأراتك شعس ائم ي انشظا عذيا ذعشف , دالأ

83

اةـاه٣ اذــر

1 / SB page 72

At international conferences, how do people from different countries understand each other?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Do you think you have the necessary qualifications to be an interpreter? Would you like

to be an interpreter? Why/Why not? Discuss with a partner.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8 / SB page 73

Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.

1. When do you get a huge feeling of satisfaction? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. What are examples of jobs that you will not get unless you have a degree? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. What do you think you will need to show if you have an interview for a job? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Do you think that it is more important to be secure, or to be happy in your job? Why? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. How useful do you think languages are? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Research box / SB page 72

What are the six official languages used at the United Nations?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Quotation / SB page 74

Read the quotation. Do you agree with it? Why/Why not?

―I‘ve learned that making a living is not the same thing as making a life.‖ Maya Angelou (1928 CE–2014 CE) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

84

COMPREHENSION TEST 1. Many things encouraged Fatima todecide on a career as an interpreter. Write down two of them . …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. You have to show some skills in an interview for the job of an interpreter . Write down two of these skills. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Write down the sentence which indicates that the interpreter will feel rewarded if the listeners understand the translated information. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Quote the sentence which shows the consequence of bad translation. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Mention the main reason that made Fatima talk about her job as interpreter? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. emailed her about her work because they want to know what it would be like to do her job.

6.What does the underlined phrase fond of mean ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. Find a word in the text which means‖giving personal satisfaction"

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. What do the underlined words ‗pronouns ‗ refer to ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. If you want to get a good job , you have to be well-qualified. Suggest three things you can do to get a good job. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. It is said that if you love your job, you will achieve success . Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

85

SB page 76

Curriculum Vitae

KEY WORDS

( 1 )

Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to apply for the position of researcher at your pharmaceutical company. As can be

seen from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I have a degree in Chemistry. Furthermore,

I have worked as a shop assistant at a chemist‘s, so I know a lot about thisindustry.

إن رنك, فقذ . إظافح. كا يث ف انغشج انزاذح انشفقح, فأا داصم عه شادج ف انكاء. أذقذو إنكى تطهة ظفح تادس ف ششكح األدح خاصركى

عهد كصذال نزا فأا اعشف انكصش ع ز انح

I also have a qualification in Journalism and have worked previously for a scientific journal.

I have excellent research skills. In my spare time, I help elderly people, and I can see the

difference that medicines can make to their lives. I am very keen to join a company that can really help people.

ف قد فشاغ, أقو تغاعذج . نذ أعا يؤال ف يجال انصذافح كد قذ عهد عاتقا نصانخ يجهح عهح, أذرع تاساخ تذصح يراصج

.كا إ أذق إن االنرذاق تششكركى انر ذغاعذ اناط تانفعم. كثاس انغ أع انفشق انز ك أ ذشص انعالض ف داذى I look forward to hearing from you concerning the next stage of my application.

.أذطهع تشق نغاع سدكى تخصص انشدهح انرانح ي انطهة Yours faithfully, Tareq Hakim

adaptable able to adapt to new conditions or situations ز٤ق غ

attribute a quality or feature that is considered to be good or useful (in a person)

٤يح ك٢ اق / لخ

competent having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard

لإ

conscientious showing a lot of care and attention (to a task) ؽ٢ ا٤و / اػ٢ لهى

Curriculum Vitae CV a short, written description of a person‘s qualifications, skills and work experience that they send to potential employers

٤وح مار٤خ

enclosed surrounded, especially by a fence or wall وكن

enthusiastic showing a lot of interest and excitement about something

زؾ

keen having or showing eagerness or interest ؾت/ز

reference a person who provides information about your character and abilities

ؼوك٤/ وعغ

voluntary done or given by choice رطػ٢

work experience a period of time that someone spends working in a particular place

فجواد اؼ

86

SB page 77

( 2 )

Dear Mr Rahhal, I am very interested in the position of researcher at your pharmaceutical company. You will

see from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I have worked in sales for a large pharmaceutical

company for many years. I have been very successful in this job and I was Salesperson of the Year in 2013 CE.

. دس عرش ف عشذ انزاذح انشفقح أ قذ عهد ف انثعاخ ف ششكاخ أدح نعذج عاخ. انذائحوأا يرى تظفح انثادس ف ششكرك

.2013قذ دصهد عه نقة سجم انثعاخ نعاو قذ كد اجذا جذا ف ز انظفح I would now like a new challenge and would be interested in moving into research. I have a

degree in Physics. I am a competent and adaptable worker and I believe that I can be

successful in any position. I like reading and camping. I also like travelling. References are

available on request. I look forward to hearing from you. أعرثش فغ عايم يجذ قادس . أا داصم عه شادج ف انفضاء. اسغة ا تخض ذذذ جذذ كا أأجذ فغ يرا تجال انثذس

أذطهع تشق نغاع . انشاجع يجدج عذ انطهة. أدة انرخى انقشاءج, أدة انغفش. عهىانركف اعرقذ أ اعرطع انجاح ف أ ظفح

.انشد Yours sincerely, Hisham Khatib

87

اةـاه٣ اذــر

3 / SB page 76

These people are applying for a job at a pharmaceutical company. Read and complete the

two curriculum vitaes with the headings in the box.

Contact details,Name, Personal attributes, Qualifications and training,

Reference, Skills and achievements, Work experience

(1 )

1. NameTareq Hakim. 2. ……………………. 5 North Street, Ajloun. 3. …………………… 2009–2012: shop assistant at a chemist‘s2012–2014: reporter for Medicine Today2014–now: editor at a scientific journal. 4. …………………….. Degree in Chemistry (graduated 2008); Certificate in Journalism (2011) 5. …………………… Captain of school basketball team; Voluntary work for a charity that helps elderly people. 6. ………………………. I am a conscientious worker and I am very enthusiastic about working in pharmaceuticals. 7. .………………. Osama Hayek, Chemistry teacher at my secondary school.

(2 )

1. NameHisham Khatib.

2. ………………. 22 East Way, Irbid. 3. …………………. 2010–now: Sales Representative for a large pharmaceutical company. 4. …………………. Degree in Physics(graduated 2009). 5. …………………… I won Salesperson of the Year Award in 2013 CE. 6. ………………………… I am a very competent worker. I am also adaptable. 7. …………………………. Samira Rahhal, the director in my current job.

4 / SB page 76

Read the requirements of the pharmaceutical company for the position that both Hisham

and Tareq have applied for. Who do you think is the best applicant for the job, and why?

How could their applications be improved?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

88

AB page 51

Stepping into the business world

KEY WORDS

Business Studies is a popular choice for students who are choosing a degree course in the UK. After graduating, some go on to further study, but most of them take up employments. Many

large companies offer graduate training schemes,(1) whichare a kind of apprenticeship.

We went to meet twenty-two-year-old Ricky Miles, who is about to graduate in the subject.

ؼظ , اي٣ل الهاخئ٠ثؼل ازقوط ثؼ ٣نت . ف٤به بئغ ػل اطالة ان٣ ٣قزبه رق عبؼ٢ ك٢ ثو٣طب٤باإلػبكهابد

ب٣ي م اضب٤خ ٢٣ مجب وبثخ ه. ٣ت ا٢ ٢ ع ازله, اؼل٣ل اوبد اجو رول قو٣غ٤ ثواظ رله٣ج٤خ. ٣ز ظ٤لخ

. ٣زقوطأاؼو٣ اؼو ان١ ٣ي ػ٠

?How long have you been studying Business Studies, Ricky ٣ب ه٢٣األػب رله أذن ز٠

It's a four-year course, including two periods of work experience. Each one lasted six months, (2) but they weren‘t in the same year.

.ب ٤ ك٢ ل اخ, أو ب رل زخ . اد ٣ كزور٤ فجوح اؼأهثغا ثوبظ لح

What exactly have you studied over those four years? ؟األهثغبما كهذ ثبج ك٢ ؿ ن ااد

Quite a lot! Maths, of course, Accounting, Finance and Economics. Oh yes, Marketing and Sales,

too. I also did a course in Management, which is about recruiting and managing staff, and how

to deal with conflict, and a course in Advertising. We all had to do IT, too, (3) because computer skills are essential.

ئكاهح ػ ازظ٤ق اإلكاهح بهب ك٢ أفندب . أ٣بؼ از٣ن اج٤ؼبد , أ. او٣ب٤بد ثبطجغ اؾبجخ از٣ االهزبك! اض٤و علا

.ال بهاد اؾبة خ , أ٣ب, له رع٤ب اؼبدأ ب ػ٤ب . ٤ق رزؼب غ االد بم ك٢ الػب٣خ. اظل٤

What did you most enjoy about the degree? ٢ء اززؼذ ث ك٢ ثوبظ ابكح؟أضوب

The work experience, definitely. I learnt so much, both times, (4) and of course it looks great on my curriculum vitae. One of the companies offered me paid work last summer, so I managed to get even more experience that way. Also, I wouldn't have had much money last year if I hadn't had that job!

pensions money you save over your lifetime to pay for your old age

هارت روبػل٣خ

web inquiries online questions ازلبهاد ػ٠ اذ

calculations maths; work with numbers ػ٤بد ؽبث٤خ

recruiting finding suitable employees رظ٤ق

marketing promoting your product; finding customers ر٣ن

89

ني , ا٤ق اب٢األعو اوبد ػوذ ػ٢ ػ لكع ئؽل. رؼذ اض٤و ك٢ الزور٤ ثبطجغ ثلد هائؼخ ك٢ ٤ور٢ انار٤خثبزأ٤ل, فجوح اؼ

٣ ٤ ل١ اض٤و اب اؼب اب٢ اؽ ػ٠ مي اؼأ٣ب. رذ اؾ ػ٠ اي٣ل اقجوح ثزي اطو٣وخ

What kind of company was that, and what did you do there? بما ػذ بى؟, ب ع ري اوخ

It was a company that provides financial products - savings and pensions, mostly. At first I just

'shadowed' different people,(5)watching what they were doing. Then I did quite a lot of

checking for them - you know, checking their calculations. When I went back in the summer,

I was in the sales department. My job was to follow up web inquiries, (6) and send out further

information to possible clients. I enjoyed it, and I wouldn't have had that opportunity if I hadn't done the work experience first.

ص هذ ثبض٤و . بما ٣لؼأهاهت, قزل٤أرزجؼأقبك٢ اجلا٣خ ذ كو . ٢ء لفواد هارت روبػل٣خأضو- بذ وخ رول زغبد ب٤خ

أه ازلبهاد االزوذ أربثغػ٢ ب ا . ػلب ػلد ك٢ ا٤ق ذ ك٢ كائوح اج٤ؼبد. رؼوف رله٤ن ؽبثبرأذ, ازله٤ن ػ٤ئػب

. ػ٠ ري الوخ ٣ ل١ فجوح ػ جوبألؽ ب ذ , اززؼذ ثؼ٢ . يثبئ اؾز٤ئبك٤خؼبد

What are you planning to do next?بما رقط ال رلؼ الؽوب؟

I've just applied for a job with a bank. I have the right qualifications, but I know there will be a lot of other applicants. I'll just have to wait and see if I get an interview. If I do, (7) I‘ll have to prepare really carefully.

أهىا ازظو أػ٢ كو . ٤ بى اض٤و زول٤ ضو ظ٤لخثأ٢ اػوف , ل١ اإالد اطثخ . ول رولذ ؽل٣ضب ظ٤لخ ك٢ ثي

. ازؼل ثغل ؽوبأ ؽذ ػ٢ ئما. ػ٠ وبثخأؽذ

اةـاه٣ اذــر

10 / AB page 51

Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. What is the name of Ricky‘s degree? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. How did he spend a quarter of his time as a student? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. What kind of company did he work for last summer, and what was his job? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What is he waiting to find out? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Would you like to do the same kind of degree course as Ricky? Why/Why not? Write two or three sentences. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

90

11 / AB page 51

Match the words in bold in the text with their meanings.

1. money you save over your lifetime to pay for your old age: …………………………………. 2. online questions: ………………………………… 3. maths; work with numbers: …………………………………. 4. finding suitable employees: ……………………………………. 5. promoting your product; finding customers: …………………………………

COMPREHENSION TEST 1.Business studies students should do some courses to get a degree. Write down two examples of these courses. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. According to the text, Ricky has to follow some steps t to get a job with a bank. Write down two of these steps. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. There are two choices for the student of business studies? What are they? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Write down the sentence which shows what Ricky intends to work in the future. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Ricky Miles has three types of qualifications . What are they? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. What helped Ricky to get a job last summer? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. What does the underlined word „recruiting‟ mean ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. What do the underlined words‘ pronouns‘ refer to ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Work experience is essential to get good job and improve your job position . Suggest three ways to gain experience. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Choosing what to study at university is one of the biggest decision students have to make. Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down tour point of view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

91

The word (s) English Meaning Arabic Meaning

adaptable able to adapt to new conditions or situations ز٤ق غ

ambitious having a strong desire for success or achievement ػ

attribute a quality or feature that is considered to be good or useful (in a person)

٤يح ك٢ اق / لخ

competent having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard

لإ

conscientious showing a lot of care and attention (to a task) ؽ٢ ا٤و/ اػ٢ لهى

Curriculum Vitae CV a short, written description of a person‘s qualifications, skills and work experience that they send to potential employers

٤وح مار٤خ

enclosed surrounded, especially by a fence or wall وكن

enthusiastic showing a lot of interest and excitement about something

زؾ

fond of having an affection or liking for someone or something

ــو ة

Full time happening or working for the whole of the working week, and not only part of it

ب اهذ

headphones a piece of equipment that you wear over your ears to listen privately to the radio, music, etc.

بػبد هأ

intern someone who works for a short time in a particular job in order to gain experience

زلهة

interpreter someone who translates spoken words from one language into another

زوع كه١

keen having or showing eagerness or interest ؾت/ز

reference a person who provides information about your character and abilities

ؼوك٤ / وعغ

regional relating to a particular region or area ئه٢٤

seminar a class on a particular subject, usually given as a form of training

لح / ؽوخ كها٤خ

surveyor person whose job is to measure the conditions of a building or to record the details of an area of land

ثبؽش ؾ٢

voluntary done or given by choice رطػ٢

work experience a period of time that someone spends working in a particular place

فجواد اؼ

rewarding giving personal satisfaction بك٠ء

secure safe; free from danger ا

translation expressing of something in different language روعخ

concentration attention, or attention span رو٤ي post graduate someone who has finished their first degree

and is continuing to study either a Master‘s or a PhD; ~ degree a second degree of Master‘s or PhD level

فو٣ظ

degree a qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed a course of study

كهعخ ػ٤خ/ بكح

qualifications official record of achievement إالد

pensions money you save over your lifetime to pay for your old age

هارت روبػل٣خ

web inquiries online questions ازلبهاد ػ٠ اذ

calculations maths; work with numbers ػ٤بد ؽبث٤خ

recruiting finding suitable employees رظ٤ق

marketing promoting your product; finding customers ر٣ن

92

Words followed by prepositions

....٣ؼ ـ

work as

٣ووه ثأ

decide on

٣زوع ا٠

translate into

٣زؾلس ػ

talk about

٣أ ػ

ask about

ع٤ل ك٢

good at

اةـاه٣ اذــر

1 / AB page 49

Complete the sentences with words or phrases from the box. One word or phrase is not

needed. The first one is done for you.

1.Please listen to the music through headphones, so that you don‘t disturb anybody.

2.I have just read a _____________ of a book by a Japanese author. 3.In the UK, there is a central government, but there are also _____________ councils around the country. 4.My uncle is fluent in several languages. He is often able to _____________ for us during conversations with foreigners. 5.Nada made a successful presentation at a_____________ in Irbid last month. 6.Doing volunteer work can be a very_____________ experience.

2 / AB page 49

Circle the correct words.

1.Ali is thinking of having / takinga coursein Agriculture.

2.I get a feeling of satisfaction / secureaftera hard day‘s work.

3.Make sure your online passwords aresecure / rewarding.

4.In order to work in finance, you need tobe a very successful / responsibleperson.

5.My friend has just got a job / work at ourlocal bank.

6.After a long agreement / meeting, wemanaged to do a deal.

career,headphones, interpret, seminar, regional, rewarding, translation

93

3 / AB page 49

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the box. One preposition is

not needed.

1. Would you like to work _____ a teacher in a big school?

2. We need to decide _____ a place to meet. 3. Can you translate this Arabic _____English for me, please? 4. I‘d like to talk _____ the film I‘ve just seen; it was brilliant! 5. The teacher asked us _____ our favourite books. 6. My sister is really good _____ drawing and painting.

about (x2 ) , as , at , into, in , on

94

UNIT TEN

Career choices

MODEL ANSWERS

Conditional sentences

6 / SB page 73

1.will 2.will need 3.will be 4. Understand

2 / SB page 74

1.why don‘t you 2. If I were you 3. you could

3 / SB page 74

1.why don‘t you 2.could 3. If I were you 1. would have got, had had 2. had done , would have had

5 / SB page 74

1. people would have stopped writing letters. 2. they would have been able to communicate more easily. 3. they would have solved the problem earlier .

10 / SB page 75

1.I might not have studied French. 2. I couldn‘t have known everything in it

4 / AB page 49

1. arrive; will be 2. will come; has to 3. will help; help 4. doesn‘t rain; will have 5. win; will, spend 6. passes; won‘t have

5 / AB page 49

1. When; heat 2. unless; study 3. If; don‘t water 4. when; finishes 5. as long as; are

6 / AB page 50

1. d when the sun sets 2. e if I miss the bus …3. a unless it‘s closed4. c provided that it‘s part-time … 5. b even if we‘re tired

7 / AB page 50

1. ✓ 2. We need umbrellas when it rains. 3. The teacher will be pleased if I write a good essay. 4. ✓ 5. ✓6. Babies are usually happy unless they‘re hungry or cold. 7. We should always be polite even if we feel tired.

8/ AB page 50

1. have my lunch 2. I will go out 3. ask my teacher 4. I will do my homework 5. I will buy a new mobile 6. I will go to Wadi Rum with my friends.

12/ AB page 52

1. If I were you, I’d practise the presentation several times. 2. You could make a list of questions. 3. Why don‘t you get some work experience? 4. If I were you, I wouldn‘t look too casual. 5.If I were you, I would do a lot of research.

13/ AB page 52

1. If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures of the parade. 2. I might have done well in the Maths test if I hadn‘t had a headache yesterday. 3. I could have been able to contact you if I had known your phone number. 4. If you hadn‘t had a brightly-coloured T-shirt on, I might not have noticed you in the crowd. 5. I might not have got top marks if I hadn‘t worked really hard the day before the exam.

95

A. 1. go 2. don‘t study 3.were 4. boils 5. doesn‘t rain 6.hadn‘t broken 7. doesn‘t come

8. hadn‘t been 9. carried 10. had gone .

B. 1. I have money , I won‘t travel abroad.

2. were you, I wouldn‘t worry so much. 3.you don‘t study hard , you won‘t get high marks. 4 I had invited Ali, he would have come 5. If Slaeem hadn‘t left his wallet at home, he could have been able to purchase his necessary item. 6. If I hadn‘t studied really hard the day before the final exam, I might not have achieved the first rank in my class.

My job as an interpreter

1 / SB page 72 At international conferences people from different countries talk to each other through interpreters . The interpreter listens to what is said through headphones and then translates it into the listeners native language while the speaker is talking . The interpreter gives the translation through headphones to other people at the meeting.

5 / SB page 73 Yes I think I have the necessary qualifications to be an interpreter one day because I good listening skills and a clear speaking voice . Also, I can think quickly and have the ability to concentrate .

8 / SB page 73 1. When I work hard and achieve my ambition. 2. doctor , teacher , lawyer , dentist ……etc 3. I thinks I need to show my self confidence and ability to do tasks perfectly. 4. I think being happy in my job leads to secure because you can do your job better and earn the confidence of others. 5. I think learning languages is very important in order to be able to communicate with others easily Research box / SB page 72 The six official languages of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. They are the mother tongue or second language of 2.8 billion people, nearly half the world‘s population. Quotation / SB page 74 I agree with this quotation because making a living refers to your job and the money you earn to live on. You may or may not enjoy your job; your job may or may not be good. Making a life is creating a way of living that you want. You do the work in order to be able to have that, but it also depends on your friends and family, and how you decide to behave. So ‗making a life‘ is not totally dependent on the money you earn.

COMPREHENSION TEST 1. She has always been fond of languages. Her father worked in many different countries when she was young and they usually travelled with him. 2. You have to show some skills in an interview for the job of an interpreter . Write down two of these skills. 3. However, you get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people understand everything that you translate. 4. I am aware that if I translate things badly, it could affect an important law or trade agreement between countries. 5. Many students have emailed her about her work because they want to know what it would be like to do her job. 6. having an affection or liking for someone or something. 7. rewarding 8. they : many students / who : anyone in the room / I : Fatima 9. There are many things I can do to get a good job like having computer and net skills . Also, learning a foreign language and getting a university degree. 10. I agree with this statement because if you love your job , you will be creative and responsible. Also, this encourages you to do your best .

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Curriculum Vitae

3 / SB page 76 1. Name 2. Contact details 3. Work experience4. Qualifications and training 5. Skills and achievements 6. Personal attributes 7. Reference 4 / SB page 76 Tareq might be the best applicant for someone starting out in his career, but Hisham has more relevant experience.

Stepping into the business world

10 / AB page 51 1. Business Studies 2. doing work experience 3. It was a company providing financial products, and his job was to follow up web enquiries. 4. whether or not he will get an interview 5. yes , it is important to study business administration because you can obtain many skills that help you in different career fields. 11 / AB page 51 1. pensions 2. web enquiries 3. calculations 4. recruiting 5. marketing

COMPREHENSION TEST

1. Finance and Economics. 2. he will just have to wait and see if he gets an interview. If he does, he will‘ have to prepare really carefully. 3. some go on to further study, but most of them take up employments. 4. I've just applied for a job with a bank. 5. Business studies degree , the work experience and the summer job . 6.The work experience. 7. finding suitable employees. 8.which : training schemes/ they : different people / my : Ricky Miles. 9.There are many ways to gain experience like doing voluntary work and joining training courses . Also, accepting part time jobs. 10. I think that choosing what to study at university is one of the biggest decision students have to make because every student should choose what he finds himself in and what he prefers in order to be able to make a difference in his life. Also, he should choose according to what labour market needs.

1 / AB page 49 1. headphones 2. translation 3. regional 4. interpret 5. seminar 6. rewarding

2 / AB page 49

1. taking 2. satisfaction 3. secure 4. responsible 5. job 6. meeting

3 / AB page 49 1. as 2. on .3. into 4. about 5. about 6. At

97

اوبػلح اؼبخ از٢ رطجن ػ٠ ؽبالد االزوبم

هج األبء لبد ثؼل البد أبء هج األكؼب أبء ثؼل األبء ابئو اق٤خ أكؼب ثؼل األكؼب ظوف

:ثؼلاظوف لبد

ب هج الواؽ)( ←←←←←Noun Verb Adverb Adjective Noun →→→→→ (ب ثؼل الواؽ)

Noun Derivation ازوبم اال:

(إواد اال ): ٣زن اال ئما هغ الواؽ ك٢ اغخ ك٢ اؾبالد ازب٤خ *

. ئما ٣زجغ الواؽ ا أب ئما رجؼ ا كزبر٢ لخ ( a , an ,the ) ثؼل األكاد . 1

- My father works for anorganisationthat helps to protect the environment.–Fatima al –

Fihri was born in the ninth century .

.( my , our , your , his , her , their , its ) 2 . ثؼل لبد ا٤خ

- I will be going to university to complete my education.

.( this , that , these , those ) 3 . ثؼل لبد اإلبهح

- We can't comply with this decision

( much , little , a little , few , a few , only , every , other , all ,no ثؼل ؾلكاد ا٤خ . 4

any , many , one , two , three, four ……………………etc )

Have you had any experience of learning another language? . ا٤خ ( 's ) ػل ة هج ( of ) 5 . هج ثؼل

- Have you seen Nasser‟s collectionof post cards ? he‘s got hundreds!

. (be) ثو أ ال ر جهخ ثأؽل أكؼب( more ) 6 . ثؼل

- We need more patience in case of anger.

.( in , of , on , between , from , under , with , for , at …etc ) ثؼل ؽوف اغو . 7

- There is a particular Bedouin style of weaving that buyers find very attractive.

. ك٢ ع٤غ اؾبالد از٢ ٣ؾزبط ك٤ب الواؽ ئ٠ ا ب ثؼل الواؽ ا آفو غ لخ: الؽظخ بخ

Noun Suffixes : اؽن األبء

ion production ity authority

ness illness y archaeology

tude attitude age shortage

ice notice or iventor

ism tourism ce influennce

ment government ist aechaeologist

ess princess ship friendship

ure pressure dom kingdom

er teacher ing weaving

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Adjective Derivation : ازوبم الخ

(إواد الخ ) :رزن الخ ئما هغ الواؽ ك٢ اغخ ك٢ اؾبالد ازب٤خ *

as ( adjective ) as / as……………….. as 1 . ث٤

She is as beautiful as the moon .

:ثؼل اؾلكاد اإلاد اظوف ض . 2

( very , so , too , quite , extremely , completely , definitely , absolutely , mainly , surely ,

essentially )

-Ahmed was extremely hungry.

( get , become , grow , look , seem , appear , feel , found ) 3 . ثؼل أكؼب ض:

- Rand looks happybecause she has passed her exams.

( be ) جهخ ثأؽل أكؼب ( more ثؼل . 4 (most / more) فبخ ث٤ (more ) (than ) ) ثو أ ر

- Land ismore expensivethan it was before.

.ثو أ ر أكؼبال هئ٤٤خ ٤ذ بػلح ( be) 5 . ثؼل أكؼب

- The exam was difficult.

Adjective Suffixes : اؽن البد

: الؽظبد بخ

. رزقل ق ؿ٤و اؼبه ( ing) الخ از٢ رز٤ززقل ق اؼبهثـ ( ed - ) الخ از٢ رز٢ ثـ

Interesting film / Interested man . . ٣ هج األبء لبد ( ed ) ( ing ) - ـب ٣ز٢ ة

Smoking is unhealthy / I hate smoking. ٣ هج ثؼل األكؼب أبء . ( ed ) ( ing) -ب ٣ز٢ ثـ

This letter is written by hand. رؼب ؼبخ الخ . ( p.p ) أكؼب ازو٣ق اضبش-

ible responsible ous dangerous

ful beautiful ory satisfactory

ent different ing interesting

less careless ed interested

able bearable ant important

ic mathematic an american

ary revolutionary ive creative

ect perfect al social

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Verb Derivation : ازوبم الؼ

(إواد الؼ ) :٣زن الؼ ئما هغ الواؽ ك٢ اغخ ك٢ اؾبالد ازب٤خ*

( to- infinitive له٣خا ) . to1. ثؼل

- I need to evaluatemy work.

. (base form ) ٣أر٢ كؼ أب٢ (modals)2. ثؼل أكؼب

- You should study hard.

3. ثؼل أكؼب(do ) ػل ر٣ إا ا عخ ل٤خ ك٢ ابهع اج٤ ا اب٢ اج٤

- She didn‟t succeed.

. ثؼل البػ اء ب ا ا ٤و .4

- Thanks a lot . I appreciate your kindness.

Verb Suffixes : اؽن الؼ

Adverb Derivation : ازوبم اظوف

(إواد اظوف ):٣زن اظوف ئما هغ الواؽ ك٢ اغخ ك٢ اؾبالد ازب٤خ*

...................................: ,أ اغخ هج كبخ . 1

- Finally ,Fares could pass the exams.

. ك٢ ب٣خ اغخ ثو أ ٣وغ الواؽ ثؼل ا أ ٤و أ كؼ. 2

- He greeted the guests warmly.

: بكح ؼزوخ ك٢ األؽا ازب٤خ . 3

لخ ( be) ث٤ اؽل أكؼب–

- I was extremely tired .

. الؼ (٤و / ا )ث٤ البػ -

- He surprisingly told me about the secret.

Adverb Suffixes : اؽن اظوف

:الؽظخ

. ب٣خ الخ ثبوبب اظوف ؾ ػ٠ الخ (ly) - ثببكخ (اؾب )ؾ ػ٠ اظوف

fy qualify ieve believe

ize civilize en strengthen

ate compensate ide provide

ly slowly

100

الؽظبد ػبخ ػ٠ االزوبم

(and , as well as , or )رؼطق ز٤ ل اغ أ١ أ ب ٣زجؼب ٣ ع ب ٣جوب أكاد اؼطق ازب٤خ- 1

- Smoking ( n ) and pollution (n ) have the same effects.

- Work makes you healthy ( adj ) and wealthy ( adj ) .

- :ئما عبء الواؽ -2

.ك٢ ثلا٣خ اغخ زجػب ثلبخ كب ٣ؾزبط ظوف -

.ك٢ ثلا٣خ اغخ زجػب ثب كب ٣ؾزبط لخ -

.ك٢ ثلا٣خ اغخ زجػب ثلؼ كب ٣ؾزبط ال -

ك٢ ب٣خ اغخ جهب ثب كؼ كب ٣ؾزبط ظوف-

.ؾها ث٤ كؼ٤ كب ٣ؾزبط ظوف-

.ئما را٠ ا٤ هاء ثؼب ٣ اال األ لخ ال اضب٢ . 3

. ب ر كؼ ؿبجبئما فذ اخ أ١ الؽوخ اؽن اال أ الخ أ اظوف ك٢. 4

(lead to/ due to/ according to / belong to / looking forward to)٣زجؼب اأ ج عخ اؼجبهاد ازب٤خ- 5

ا٤خ ٤ كؼ غوك

.(ؼزجو أ اظوف خ ىائلح ).ئما ب الواؽ جهب ثظوف ؼزل ػ٠ اخ از٢ رجن اظوف زؾل٣ل ب ٣ؾزبع الواؽ . 6

ا ثؼل الواؽ + إو ا =لخ .7

ظوف = لخ ثؼل الواؽ + إو لخ .8

= كؼ ثؼل الواؽ + ظوف إو كؼ .9

زوبد ربه٣ از اواثغ

verb noun adjective adverb

educate education

educational

succeed success successful successfully

achieve achievement

organise organisation

develop development

experience experience experienced

dominate dominance dominant

depend dependence dependent

repeat repetition repeated

correct correction correct

academy academic

academically

agriculture agricultural

manage management managerial

advise advice/ advisor

circulate circulation

concentrate concentration

contradict contradiction contradictory

dehydrate dehydration dehydrated

diet diet dietary

101

economise economics

economy

economic/economic

al

economically

revise revision

qualify qualifications qualified

recommend recommendation recommended

youth young

awareness aware

memorise Memory

memorisng

memorable

nutrient

nutrition

nutritious

particular particularly

compete competition competitive

know knowledge

ideal ideally

create creation

teach teaching

critic critical

engineer engineer

engineering

enrol enrolment

fluency fluent fluently

immerse immersion

linguistics

linguist

linguistic

marketing

market

market

multilingualism multilingual

Pharmacy

pharmaceuticals

pharmaceutical

pioneer pioneer pioneering

proficiency proficient

Psychology psychological

domesticate domesticity domestic

dominate dominance dominant

simulate simulator

simulation

tutor

tutorial

tutor

undertake undertaking

utter utterance

vocation vocational vocationally

agree agreement

102

blame blame

corporate corporation

dialect dialectal

evolve evolution evolutionary

export

export

exportation

extend extension extensive extensively

extract extraction

fertilise

Fertilizer

fertilisation

fertile

import

import

importation

imported

intend intention intentional

mineral mineral

negotiate negotiation negotiable

replicate replicate

reserve reserve

spill spill

adapt adaptation adaptable

ambition ambitious

atribute atribution

competence competent

conscience conscientious

enclose enclosed

enthusiasm enthusiastic

intern

Internship

intern

interpret

interpreter

interpretation

refer reference

region regional regionally

reward reward rewarding

secure security secure

survey

surveyor

survey

volunteer volunteer voluntary voluntarily

sociology sociological

nerve nervous

deep deeply

care careful carefully

instruct instructions

design designed

answer answered

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اةـاه٣ اذــر

8 / SB page 53

Copy and complete this table. Then, choose the correct form of the corresponding

words in the table to complete the sentences.

1. Have you had any ........................……… of learning another language? 2. Is one side of the brain more……………………. than the other? 3. Whether or not you remember something that you have learnt in the past ……………….. on the experience you had while you were learning it.

3 / SB page 53

Choose the correct option in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1.The graduation ceremony was a very ……………………. occasion for everyone. (memory /

memorising / memorable)

2.Nuts contain useful …………………… such as oils and fats. (nutrients / nutritious / nutrition)

3 / AB page 31

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. The first one is

done for you.

1.One of the most important things that we give children is a good education. (educate)

2.If you work hard, I‘m sure you will ……………………. (success)

3.Congratulations! Not many people …………………………. such high marks. (achievement)

4. My father works for an …………………. that helps to protect the environment. (organise)

5. It‘s amazing to watch the…………………………of a baby in the first year of life. (develop)

8 / AB page 36

Complete the table with the correct form of the words. The first one is done for you.

Then, use some of the words to complete the sentences.

confidence confident

previous previously

discuss discussion

frighten fright

Verb Noun Adjective

1. ………………. ……………….. experienced

2 ……………….. dominance ……………..

3. depend …………………….. …………………

4. repeat ………………. …………….

5. …………… correction ………………….

Verb Noun

circulate circulation .…………….. dehydration

advise …………………. ……………….. revision concentrate ……………….

104

1.I‘m confused. Could you give me some ……………….. , please? 2.Before an exam, you must …………………….everything you‘ve learnt. 3.In hot weather our bodies are in dangerof ………………………... 4.Don‘t talk to the driver. He must ……………………….. 5.How quickly does blood ……………….round the body?

3 / AB page 44

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. The first one is

done for you.

1.Before you apply for a job, check that you have the correct qualifications. (qualify)

2.The company is pleased with your work and is happy to give you a_____________.

(recommend)

3.Congratulations on a very_____________ business deal. (succeed)

4.We should always be ready to listen to good _____________. (advise)

5.My father often talks about what he did in his _____________. (young)

6.It‘s important to have an _____________ of different countries‘ customs. (aware)

USE OF ENGLISH (B) / AB page 61

Read the text and complete it using the correct form of the words in capitals at the end

of each line.

Entrepreneur: A word meaning someone who sets up a business. In the

Middle East today, entrepreneurship is (1) ………………. important among

young people, because of the (2) ………………… job market.

It is important to give young people the (3) ………………. so that they can

help themselves. If they cannot find jobs, they can create their own and

then, (4)………………… , generate jobs for others. (5) …………………… have

been set up to guide young people through the process of business

(6)……………………. . There are training courses and programmes to

support this cause. Universities in the region have started(7)…………….

entrepreneurship courses to students. Even large (8) ……………………….

now support young entrepreneurs. The common philosophy is as follows: give young people the opportunity to create their own companies so that

they can have control over their own (9)……………… futures. In the Middle

East, it is a (10) ……………………learning experience for young people.

1.PARTICULAR

2.COMPETE

3.KNOW

4.IDEAL

5.ORGANISE

6.CREATE

7.TEACH

8.BUSINESS

9.ECONOMY

10.CRITIC

105

D / TB, page 151:

Read the text and complete it using the correct form of the words in capitals at the end

of each line.

On the day of the exam, you need plenty of time to do everything. Have breakfast but don't drink too much; arrive on time, but not too early, or

you may find yourself getting more and more(1) ………………… while you

wait to start. In the exam, you can keep calm by breathing (2) …………….

and thinking positively.

Read the exam questions (3) ………………….. and underline all of the key (4)

…………….…that tell you how the questions should be (5) ………………. .If

possible, start with the ones that you can do easily to give you

(6)……………….. . Remember what you've learnt from practising questions

and doing practice exams (7)………………… , and plan your use of time.

Don't panic if everyone around you seems to start writing immediately and don‘t follow their example until you are ready.

Finally, after the exam, don't join in on a(8)…………………. about what

everyone else did, unless you want to (9)………………….. yourself for the

next exam. Most importantly, remember that exams are (10)…………………

to find out what you know, what you understand and what youcan do.

1.NERVE

2.DEEP

3.CARE

4.INSTRUCT

5.ANSWER

6.CONFIDENT

7.PREVIOUS

8.DISCUSS

9.FRIGHT

10.DESIGN

106

MODEL ANSWERS

8 / SB page 53

Verb Noun Adjective

1. experience experience experienced 2 .dominate dominance dominant

3. depend dependence dependent 4. repeat repetition repeated 5 correct correction correct

1.experience 2 dominant 3 depends

3 / SB page 79

1.memorable 2 nutrients

3 / AB page 31

1. education 2. succeed 3. achieve 4. organization 5. development

8 / AB page 36

1. advice 2. revise 3.dehydration 4.concentrate5. circulate

3 / AB page 44

1. qualifications 2. recommendation 3. successful4. advice 5. youth 6. awareness

USE OF ENGLISH (B) / AB page 61

1.particularly 2. competitive 3. knowledge 4. ideally5. organisations 6. creation 7. teaching 8. businesses 9. economic 10. critical

D / TB, page 151:

1. nervous. 2. deeply 3. carefully 4. instructions5. answered 6. confidence 7. previously 8. discussion9. frighten 10. designed

Verb Noun

circulate circulation dehydrate dehydration

advise advice revise revision

concentrate concentration

107

(Linking Words) ابجخ حيث يطمب من الطالب كتابة جممتين باستخدام المعمومات الموجودة في جدول مع استخدام أدوات الربط

: ض

- and or أ also أ٣ب in addition ثبإلبكخ too أ٣ب - but howeverغ مي - because الin order to ٢ - For example ضالsuch as ض - firstly أال secondly صب٤بfinally أف٤وا -in comparison with : وبهخ غ -instead of : ثلال -whereas/ while : ث٤ب

:الؽظخ: ال ٣عل ئعبثخ مع٤خ نا اع ػ٤ي أ رواػ٢ اوب ازب٤خ

.ك اطة اع ٤ل٤خ ازؼب ؼ.1

.عغ / االزجب ؼا لوك. 2

ازقلا أكاد اوث ابجخ. 3

.االزجب ؼالبد ازوه٤ اإلالء ازو٤ت اواػل١ غ . 4

.ازـال اؼا اؼط٠ ز٣ ولخ ث٤طخ ػ اع . 5

. كؼ كبػ رنو أ عخ ٣غت أ رؾز١ ػ٠. 6

EXAMPLES:

Read the information in the table below, and then write two sentences about

…………………………. Use the appropriate linking words such as: and, too, also ---etc.

1.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Benefits of learning a foreign language

- improve the functionality of the brain - present the brain with unique challenges - be able to switch easily between completely different tasks.

- improve your ability to use your mother tongue more effectively.

108

2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Howto revise for exams

- draw up a revision timetable. - study in the early morning . - take frequent breaks.

-try to eat as much fresh fruit and vegetables .

The advantages of doing voluntary work

- enhances chances for future recruitment. - gives value work experience. - makes CV more impressive.

Successful people

- work hard. - communicate openly. -learn new skills

109

5.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7.

Read the information in the table below , and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET,write two

sentences about the benefits of studying abroad.

- build valuable job skills. - be self- confident . - make friends. - understand own and other cultures. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Characteristics of Traditional Education

- students attend the classes in person. - students have more opportunities to join clubs . -students need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers. -students attend classes at specific times or in a specific relation.

Watching sports on TV

Watching sports live

- exciting - comfortable and cheap

- noisy -uncomfortable and expensive

110

8.

Read the information in the table below , and write two sentences comparing and

contrasting some of the most popular universitysubjects offered by British universities

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9.

Study the following diagram of after-school classes and write a short paragraph about it

by using appropriate phrasesquantifierssuch as : as much as, less, more, not as many,

the least, the most, as popular as.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Subject Number of applications in 2014 CE

Change since

2013 CE

Business Studies 280,240 +3.2%

Visual Arts 244,620 +2.4%

111

10.

Study the following chart of exports from Jordan to the EU and write a short paragraph

about it. Using the appropriate linking words.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11.

Study the following chart of exports from the EUto Jordan and write a short paragraph

about it. Using the appropriate linking words.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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12.

4.Read the information below , and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET write a short

paragraph about Hisham Khatib. Use the appropriate linking words such as: also , too ,

and…………. etc.

-Name :HishamKhatib.

- Contact details :22 East Way, Irbid.

-Work experience :2010–now: Sales Representative for a large pharmaceutical company.

- Qualifications and training:Degree in Physics(graduated 2009).

-. Personal attributes : a very competent and adaptable worker

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

MODEL ANSWERS

1.There are many benefitsof learning a foreign language such asimproving the functionality

of the brain and presenting the brain with unique challenges.

In addition , youwillbe able to switch easily between completely different tasks

andimproving your ability to use your mother tongue more effectively.

2. There are many ways to revise for examssuch asdrawing up a revision timetable

andstudying in the early morning.

Finally ,taking frequent breaks andtrying to eat as much fresh fruit and vegetables .

3. There are many advantages of doing voluntary worklikeenhancing chances for future

recruitmentand giving value work experience.

Another advantage of voluntary work ismaking CV more impressive.

4. There are many qualities that successful people have such as working hardand

communicating openly .

Also, they learn new skills.

5. There are many characteristics of Traditional Education such as students attend the

classes in person andthey have more opportunities to join clubs.

Also, sudents need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers and they attend

classes at specific times or in a specific relation.

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6. Watching sports on TV is more exciting thanwatching sports live.

Watching sports on TV is comfortable and cheap but watching sports live is uncomfortable

and expensive.

7. There are many benefits of studying abroad like building valuable job skills and being self-

confident .

Also, making friends and understanding own and other cultures.

8. Business Studies is more popular than Visual Arts . 2.4 % more people applied for Visual Arts

in 2014 CE than in 2013 CE

9.English is the most studied subject but Music and Arts are the least studied subjects. Although Maths is more popular than Science, it is less popular than English. There are not as many students studying Science as Maths.Students don‘t like doing Music and Art as much as they like doing Maths. Finally, Neither Maths nor Science are as popular as English. 10.Jordan has sold goods to the EU for many years.. The chart shows goods that Jordan exported to the EU in 2011 CE. Chemicals accounted for about 37.2% of its exports 11. Jordan has bought goods from the EU for many years .. The chart shows that goods that Jordan imported from the EU 2011 CE. Machinery accounted for about 37.8% of its imports

12.Hisham Khatib who lives in22 East Way, Irbid ,works asSales Representative for a large

pharmaceutical companyfrom 2010 until now. He has had a degree in Physics since 2009 .

Hisham is a very competent and adaptable worker.

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INDICATORS THE FUNCTION

Quantifiers (er+ than/ more , less +than ) comparison Quantifiers (the + -est / the + most , least) superlative

Quantifiers ( as+adjective / adverb +as ) equal comparison

Quantifiers(not ) as+adjective / adverb +as unequal comparison

Indirect ( embedded / impersonal ) question to ask questions in a polite, formal way

The impersonal passive

a formal wayof reporting thoughts, saying, beliefsand opinions.

wish or If only + Past Perfect to express regrets about the past.

wish or If only + V2 to express wishes about the present that are impossible or unlikely to happen.

Conditional sentences

(Zero ) to describe something that always happens (First) to describe a future outcome of a certain future action or event. (Second) to talk about a hypothetical or improbable situation. (Third) to imagine past situations that are impossible and did not happen.

The third conditional with could and might

to talk about the imaginary past.

why don‘t you / could / If I were you…… Have you thought about …? You should …, no doubt about it. My main recommendation is that you …

giving advice

Using pronouns to link paragraphs or ideas Using linking words (As / Since / Because/ because of / due to )

showing cause explain the reason for something.

Using linking words (therefore / so /as a result, / because of that, / consequently )

showing result explain the consequences of an action.

When it was time to go,...; To cut a long story short,...; Suffice to say... etc.)

to move time on

The first sign that something had happened/was wrong/was different...

to increase suspense

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Revision B / SB , pages 79-80

Doing an internship

1. Read the first part of this article carefully, and then answer the questions which follow.

Finding work in a crowded job market can be challenging sometimes, especially for graduates who do not have any work experience. Many employers are looking for people with a proven track record in a particular area of work. However, you need to have a job in order to get

experience. Doing an internship is a good way to get around this problem.

أشخاص العمل يبحثون عن أصحابالعديد من . خبرة عملأيخصوصا للخريجين الذين اليملكون , أحيانا يكون باعثا على التحدي أنالعثور على عمل في سوق عمل مكتظ يمكن .التدريب طريقة جيدة لتجاوز ىذه المشكلة. تحتاج الن يكون لديك وظيفة لكي تحصل على خبرة, مع ذلك. لهم سجل مهني معتبر في مجال معين من العمل

Internships provide work experience for university students, graduates and people considering

careerchanges. Although they are not usually paid, interns do get many benefits. The most

important benefit is considered to be the opportunity to get valuable work experience.

ػ٠ اوؿ أ كزوح ازله٣ت ػبكح ؿ٤و . ركو كزوح ازله٣ت فجوح ػ طالة اغبؼبد اقو٣غ٤ األقب ان٣ ٣لو ك٢ رـ٤٤و ز

.أ كبئلح ٢ كوخ اؾ ػ٠ فجوح ػ ماد ه٤خ.ئال أ ازلهث٤ ٣زو اض٤و الائل , لكػخ األعو

1.Why is it sometimes challenging for graduates to get their first job? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.What does the phrasal verb „get around‘ mean?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.What does the pronoun ‗they‘ in bold refer to?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.What does the writer feel is the main reason for doing an internship? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Listen to the rest of the article and answer the questions.

Furthermore, many employers view interns as possible employees. Many interns, once they have proved that they are capable and hard-working, are offered a full-time position after the end of the internship contract. This ‗trial period‘ also gives interns the chance to see whether they have made the right career choice.

أبل٤بء ٣ا هل اصجزا أثؼل , اؼل٣ل ازلهث٤ . ازلهث٤ ظل٤ ؾز٤ ئ٠ اؼ ٣ظو أهثبةاؼل٣ل , ػالح ػ٠ مي

با هل ئما ك٤ب ٤زألا رؼ ازلهث٤ الوخ أ٣بن الزوح ازغو٣ج٤خ . رؼو ػ٤ ظ٤لخ ثلا ب ثؼل ازبء ػول كزوح ازله٣ت , غزل٣

.ارقنا اق٤به اظ٤ل٢ اؾ٤ؼ

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Contacts or references within an industry can really help someone applying for a job, and internships provide the chance to meet lots of people in a certain field of work. An internship is a great way to become more confident in the workplace. This increase in confidence will also help a great deal when it comes to the first interview for your first paid job.

ركو كزوح ازله٣ت الوخ وبء اض٤و اب ك٢ , ربػل ؽوب ق ٣زول ؾ ػ٠ ظ٤لخ أاؼبهف اواعغ بػخ ب ٣

ربػل ض٤وا ػلب ٣ؾ٤ اهذ أ٣ب ن اي٣بكح ك٢ اضوخ . صوخ ك٢ ب اؼ أضوكزوح ازله٣ت ٢ ٤خ هائؼخ زجؼ . غب ؼ٤ اؼ

األعو وبثخ ػ ي اع اؾ ػ٠ ظ٤لخ لكػخ أؼ

1.How do many employers view their interns? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.What is meant by ‗trial period‘? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.What chance do internships provide? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Vocabulary and grammar:

3.Choose the correct option in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. The graduation ceremony was a very …………………….. occasion for everyone. (memory /

memorising / memorable)

2. Nuts contain useful ………………………….such as oils and fats.(nutrients / nutritious /

nutrition)

3. If you... ......................... to learn a new language, you need to be motivated. (will want / want /

wanted)

4.If only I................................. lost my ticket! (haven‟t / didn‟t / hadn‟t)

4. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.

1.People say that the brain is like a computer.

It …………………………… the brain is like a computer.

2.Where does the bus go from, please?

Could …………………………………………….. from?

3.I am sorry that I didn‘t read that book.

I wish ………………………………… that book.

Writing

6.Edit the following text. There are three grammar mistakes, one spelling mistake and

one punctuation mistake. Find and correct them.

It is believe that when you learn a forein language, it helps to use the language as much you can. You should take every opportunity to engage in the conversation with a native speaker. Reading English books, or magazines also helps. 1. ………………….. 2. ………………………. 3. ……………………. 4. …………………….. 5. ……………….

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Revision B / SB , pages 79- 80

MODEL ANSWERS

1.1.They don't have any work experience and employers are looking for people who can show

evidence of what they have done previously. 2.It means overcome or find a solution to. 3.'They' refers to interns. 4.The main reason is to get valuable work experience.

2. 1. They view them as possible employees.

2. A ‗trial period‘ means that the two parties involved (employer and intern) can ‗try out‘ the other to see if the situation is right for them, before getting into an employment contract. 3. Internships provide the chance to meet lots of people in a field of work/to network/to become more confident, and to see if they have made the right career choice.

3. 1. memorable 2. nutrients 3. want 4. hadn‘t

4. 1. is said that 2. you tell me where the bus goes 4. I had read

6.1. believed 2. foreign 3. as much as you can 4. a conversation 5. books or magazines

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Revision B / AB , pages 54- 55

Studying abroad

1. Read the first part of a conversation about studying abroad and decide whether these

statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

Saeed:-Excuse me, Mr Williams. I'm interested in knowing how the university system works in

the UK. I mean, how do you apply? ئب ز ك٢ ؼوكخ ٤ق ٣ؼ اظب اغبؼ٢ ك٢ اخ ازؾلح ؟ اػ٢ ٤ق رول جب لهاخ بى ؟. ػلا ٤ل ٤٣ب : ؼ٤ل

Mr William:- Are you thinking of going to a British university?

رلو ك٢ انبة ئىاؽل اغبؼبد اجو٣طب٤خ ؟

Saeed:-No, I don't think so, but my cousin might.

. اث ػ٢ هثب ٣نت , ئب ال اػزول مي .ال

Mr William: I see. Well, it's quite a long process actually. The first thing is, you look for courses

that you like - you can get all the information you need online but it's best to go and visit the actual universities, of course. They have official open days, but you can arrange to go any time really.

٣ي اؾ ػ٠ ب رؾزبع –أ ٢ء ا رجؾش ػ ااك الها٤خ از٢ روؿت ثب .ئب ػ٤خ ٣خ علا ك٢ ااهغ , ؽب .كذ

٣ي رور٤ت انبة ك٢ أ١ , ل٣ أ٣ب ه٤خ لزؽخ . ثبطجغ , ؼبد ػ و٣ن االزوذ األكأل رنت ريه اغبؼبد الؼ٤خ

هذ ؽوب

Saeed:-Hmmm, and what qualifications do you need?

ب اإالد از٢ رؾزبعب ؟,

Mr William: That's one of the things you will find out when you do your research. It's different

for each university, and each course. However, international students like your cousin have to prove that their English is good enough.

اطالة ال٤٤ ض اث ػي , ػ٠ أ١ ؽب . كهاخ , ئب قزلخ عبؼخ .نا اؽل األ٤بء از٢ ف رؼوكب ػلب رو ثؼ٤خ اجؾش

.ػ٤ أ ٣ضجزا أ ـز االغ٤ي٣خ ع٤لح ثب ك٤ الب٣خ

Saeed:How do they do that?

٤ق ٣لؼ مي ؟1. Saeed is planning to apply to a British university. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. You are only allowed to visit universities on specially-arranged days. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.Everyone applies online through the same website. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2 Listen to the rest of the conversation and answer the questions.

Mr Williams:There‘s a system of language tests which international students should pass, and

most universities require level 6 as a minimum; it depends on the course. .مي ٣ؼزل ػ٠ ع الهاخ , اك٢ ؾل 6 ؼظ اغبؼبد رطت ز , بى ظب الفزجبهاد اـخ از٢ ٣غت ػ٠ اطالة ال٤٤ اعز٤بىب

Saeed:OK, so let‘s say you‘ve got that. What happens next?

بما ٤ؾلس ثؼل مي ؟. كػب و اي ؽذ ػ٠ نا , ؽب

Mr Williams:Well, there‘s a central organisation that coordinates the applications. You apply

online, through their website. فال هؼ ػ٠ االزوذ , أذ رول ت ازؾبم ػ و٣ن أذ.ظخ وي٣خ رن جبد االزؾبم / بى إخ, ؽب

Saeed:Do you apply for your favourite course?

هل تقدم طلب التحاق حسب الدراسة المفضلة لدك ؟

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Mr Williams:Ah, well, yes, but it‘s more than that. You can apply for a maximum of five courses.

You don‘t have to apply for five, but you can, and most people do. لكن مكن , ال داع الن تقدم طلبا لخمس تخصصات . لب التحاق لخمسة تخصصات كحد أقصى \مكنك التقدم ب. نعم لكن األمرأكثر من ذلك , حسنا, آه

و معظم الناس فعلون ذلك , ذاك

Saeed:At different universities?

ف جامعات مختلفة ؟

Mr Williams:Yes, usually.

عادة , نعم

Saeed:What about interviews? I heard you have to have an interview.

وبثخ ئعواء ػ٤ي أبما ػ اوبثالد ؟ ؼذ

Mr Williams:Well, you do sometimes, but not always. It depends on the course, and the

university. .اغبؼخ , مي ٣ؼزل ػ٠ ازق . ٤ كائب , األؽ٤ب رلؼ نا ك٢ ثؼ أذ, ؽب

Saeed:Oh, I see. Ummm, well, then what happens?

ؽب ص بما ٣ؾلس, . كذ , أ

Mr Williams:Well, at that point most peoplehaven‘t done their final end of school exams.

They usually take them after they‘ve applied touniversity. ٣ولا أ ري االزؾببد اله٤خ ثؼل ٣أفن ػبكح ب . ك٢ ري اوؽخ ؼظ اب ٣ا ٣زا ازؾببر ابئ٤خ اله٤خ ثؼل , ؽب

.اغبؼخجبد االزؾبم ك٢

Saeed:Oh, that‘s strange.

هذا أمر ؼرب , آه

Mr Williams:I know; a lot of people thinkthe same. Anyway, while they‘re waiting for

their results, they start getting replies from theuniversities they‘ve chosen. ثبؾ ػ٠ هكك اغبؼبد از٢ افزبهب ٣جلء, ث٤ب ٣زظو زبئغ , ػ٠ أ١ ؽب . اض٤و اب ٣ؼزول ل ا٢ء , اػوف

Saeed:I don‘t understand. If they haven‘t got theirresults, how can they get replies?

فكؾ مكنهم الحصول على ردود ؟, إذا لم حصلوا على نتائجهم بعد . إنا ال افهم

Mr Williams:Well, the replies might say ‗no,thanks‘ – they are rejected. Or they might say ‗yes,

definitely‘ – that usually only happens if thestudents have already done their exams and have got their end of school exam results.

ازؾببر ؽا ػ٠ ػالبر أكا ب اطالة كؼال هل ئماؽزب نا ٣ؾ كو , ا ا رو ؼ . هكا أ– وا , اوكك هل رو ال , ؽب

.ابئ٤خ الزؾببر اله٤خ

Saeed:What happens if you don‘t know yourresults yet?

ماذا حصل إذا لم عرفوا نتائجهم بعد ؟

Mr. Williams:Well, yes, that‘s the most commonsituation. You get what they call a ‗conditional

offer‘. That means, the university tells you thegrades you must get to be admitted. اغبؼخ رقجوى ػ الهعبد از٢ ٣غت اؾ ػ٤ب , نا ٣ؼ٢ " . ػو و " رؾ ػ٠ ب ٣ . ٤ػب األضونا اغ , ؼ , ؽب

.٣ؼ ي ثبوجؽز٠

Saeed:Oh, I see. That‘s complicated.

. هذا معقد .فهمت , أوه

Mr Williams:Well, not really. Your school helpsyou of course.

. مدرستك تساعدك بالتأكد.لس حقا , حسنا

Saeed:Well, thanks. I‘ll tell my cousin.

.سأخبر ابن عم .شكرا , حسنا 1.What level is required for international students to pass the language test? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.How many courses can you apply for? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.Universities can reply to applications in three different ways. What are they? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3.Put the events in the correct order. Write1–6.

apply online do research do your exams get replies get your results choose a course or courses

Grammar:

5. Choose the correct option, a, b, c or d.

1.If Huda ………………. ill yesterday, she wouldn‘t have missed the exam.

a.wasn‘t b.hadn‘t beenc.hasn‘t beend.hadn‘t

2.I haven‘t got as much homework. ……………….. my brother.

a.sob.thanc.asd.like3.I couldn‘t climb Mount Everest ………………. someone carried my

equipment for me!

a.even ifb.as long asc.provided thatd.when

6. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets.

1.I wish I‘d done more revision. (only)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.There‘s less information on the website than there is in the book. (as much)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7.Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the ones above them.

1.Where‘s the post office, please?

Do you mind ………………………………………….. ?

2.They say that fish is good for the brain.

Fish …………………………………………………… .

3.You shouldn‘t worry so much.

If I…………………………………………. .

4.The cheapest thing on the menu is orange juice.

The least ………………………………………………………..8.Circle the correct word from each

pair of words to complete the sentences.

1. If my father had gone to university, hecan / couldhave been a teacher.

2. Jameel might not have become a musician if his parents haven‟t / hadn‟t encouraged him.

3. Jaber looked even / asif he hadn‘t slept very well.

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9.Complete the sentences with the words in the box. One word is not needed.

1.My sister doesn‘t eat as …………….. as I do. She always puts …………. on her plate than I do. 2.I‘m tired today because I went to bed ……………….. than usual last night. 3.I didn‘t enjoy the book. In fact it was the ……………….. interesting story I‘ve everread. 4.The bus is late. We‘ll have to wait a little ………….......

Vocabulary

Match the definitions with the words in the box. One word is not needed.

proficiency, vocational,negotiate, recall, spill

1. relating to an occupation: ………………………. 2. discuss in order to come to an agreement: ………………… 3. skill, experience: ……………………….. 4. remember: ………………………………

Revision B / AB , pages 54- 55

MODEL ANSWERS

exercise 1

1. False. His cousin might apply. 2. False. They have official open days, but you can arrange to go any time. 3. True

exercise 2

1. level 6 as a minimum 2. a maximum of five courses3. They might accept the applications, reject them or give a ‗conditional offer‘.

exercise 3

1. do research 2. choose a course or courses3. apply online 4. get replies 5. do your exams 6. get your results

exercise 5

1. b. 2. c 3. a

exercise 6

1. If only I‘d done more revision. 2. There isn‘t as much information on the website as in the book.

exercise 7

1. telling me where the post office is 2. is said to be good for the brain 3. were you, I wouldn‘t worry so much 4. expensive thing on the menu is orange juice

exercise 8

1.could 2. hadn‘t 3. If

exercise 9

1. much; less 2. later 3. least 4. longer

exercise 10

1. vocational 2. negotiate 3. proficiency 4. recall

further, later, least , less , longer , much

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Test B (Modules 6–10 ) AB , pages 60- 61

World Memory Championships

Read the following text carefully, and then answer all the questions that follow.

A.The World Memory Championship is an annual three-day event that has been held in

different locations all over the world since1991 CE. There are ten contests, each one testing different uses of short-term memory.

كل , هناك عشرة مسابقات . م 1991 أام ف مواقع مختلفة ف جمع إنحاء العالم منذ عام 3بطولة العالم للذاكرة ه حدث سنوي قام لمدة . مسابقة تمتحن االستخدامات المختلفة للذاكرة قصرة األمد

B.The contests include listening to numbers spoken out loud and then recalling them (the

world record is 364), memorising a sequence of abstract images in fifteen minutes (the world record is 492), memorising lists of words, etc. A German man achieved a world record of 501 numbers in random order during the 2013 CE championship. At the same event, a Welsh man managed to recall224 random words, after he had studied them for only 15 minutes.

15حفظ سلسلة من الصور المجردة ف , (364الرقم القاس العالم هو )المسابقات تشمل االستماع إلىأرقام تم قولها بصوت عال ثم تم تذكرها رقم وضعت ف ترتب عشوائ 501رجل ألمان حقق رقما قاسا عالما من .الخ ...وتذكر قوائم كلمات , ( 495الرقم القاس العالم هو )دققة

. دققة فقط15بعد أن درسها لمدة , كلمة عشوائة 224تمكن رجل ولزي من تذكر , ف نفس الحدث . م 2013خالل بطولة عام

C.In 2001 CE, the interval between the numbers was shortened from two seconds to one.

Even with this change, the records still reveal great achievements. The slogan on the World Memory Championships says ‗Human Potential is Infinite‘. With the evidence of the championships‘ results, perhaps that is true.

ال تزال السجالت تكشؾ عن , حتى مع هذا التؽر .تم اختصار الفترة الزمنة الفاصلة بن األرقام من ثانتن إلى ثانة واحدة , م 2011ف عام .ربما كان ذلك صححا , مع وجود األدلة من نتائج البطولة " اإلمكانات البشرة بال حدود " قول شعار بطولة العالم للذاكرة . انجازات عظمة

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A.Match the sentence beginnings 1–5 with their endings a–e. (10 marks)

1.The championships have different contests………… 2.A man from Germany ………….. 3.A man from Wales …………………. 4.The interval between numbers …………….. 5.The results of the championships …………………. a.was shortened from two seconds to one in 2001 CE. b.remembered 224 random words. c.could remember 501 numbers in random order. d.prove the infinite human capacity.

e.for different uses of short–term memory.B.The text has three paragraphs. In which

paragraph (A–C) can you find information about the following? (5 marks)

1. the kinds of contests that the championships involve: …………………. 2. the year of the first World Memory Championships event: ……………… 3. the slogan of the World Memory Championships: ……………….. 4. the duration of the championships: ……………….. 5. a world record in the 2013 CE championship: …………………..

C. Complete the following summary with words from the text. (5 marks)

potential, achievements, records, short-term, event

The World Memory Championship is an (1) …………… that is held every year. It has different contests which test (2) ………………. - memory. World (3) ……………… have been broken by participants of different nationalities. The (4) …………………… are becoming greater every year. This championship proves how limitless human (5) ………………. is.

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USE OF ENGLISH:(10 marks)

A.Choose the correct answer, so that the text makes sense.

Learning a second language has many benefits. It can help us in the following ways: Firstly, it

improves the memory and heightens creativity. second/ secondly , it increases cognitive

health later in life.

Thirdly, it enhances mental flexibility. What is remarkable, though, is / was that high

communicative ability can still is/be found in people who do not have any spoken language at

all. Several decades ago, there was great media attention on a deaf man who could not

communicate by either sign language or spoken language, and yet were / was shown to have

remarkably high brain function and recognition skills. He found other ways to communicate, such as giving objects to people or using facial expressions to show that he needed something. His methods of communication were basic but very effective, and his intelligence is thought

to / too be at least as high as / toan average speaking person. Despite this / there , attempts to

teach him either sign language or basicspeech were all unsuccessful. We couldask what might

have happened if he had been / have beentaught these skills earlierin life.So, scientists are

now asking what /when this means for those of uswho find language learning difficult.

Shouldwe carry on, or is it enough to focus instead on becoming expert communicators? Bothpersonal attributes are valuable in theworkplace –

as more / muchas theyare in life!

B. These sentences have the wrong word in bold. Correct them by using one of the

words in the box below. (5 marks)

work experience, undergraduate, tailor-made, small talk ,tuition

1. You need to get a lot of curriculum vitaeif you want to progress in your chosen career.

…………………

2. If you would like to learn to play the oud, you can get private interpreter. …………………..

3. At the beginning of a business meeting, it is normal to make proficiencyso that everyone

feels comfortable. ……………………….

4. Some universities offer regional courses that are able to suit individual needs. ………………

5. After doing a(n) goodsdegree, a number of students decide to continue their studies and do

a Master's degree or a PhD. ……………………….

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C. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. (5 marks)

1. You can choose to do a course / an internshipat a company before settling on a certain

career.

2. If you keep working hard to improve your English, you will reach a level of proficiency /

multilingualin a few years.

3. Keen university students who are doing their first degree can go on to study postgraduate /

academicdegrees.

4. In many schools, studying a foreign language iscompetent / optional, but it is often a good

idea to continue learning a second language.

5. Most university teaching is done in groups, calledseminars / conferences, in which all

students discuss the subject freely.

Test B (Modules 6 –10) AB , pages 60- 61

MODEL ANSWERS

READING

A. 1 e 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 d B. 1.paragraph B 2.paragraph A 3.paragraph C4.paragraph A 5.paragraph B C. 1.event 2.short-term 3.records 4.achievements5.potential USE OF ENGLISH

A. 1. Secondly 2. is 3. be 4. was 5. to 6. as 7. this8. had been 9. what 10. much/valuable

B. 1.work experience 2.tuition 3.small talk4.tailor-made 5.undergraduate

C. 1.an internship 2.proficiency 3.postgraduate4 optional 5 seminars

126

Pronunciation: Word stress

7/ SB, page 45 :

Listen to the words in the box. How many syllables does each word have? In which

syllable does the primary stress lie in the word? Check your answers in a dictionary.

secondary, compulsory,organisation, development,

tuition, achievement academic, contradictory

secondary (4) compulsory (4) organisation (5) development (4) tuition (3) achievement

(3) academic (4) contradictory (5)

المقطع الرئس المشدد موجود بالخط الؽامق / عدد المقاطع موجود بن االقواس : مالحظة

PPronunciation: Sentence stress (2) ProPronunciation: Sentence stress (2)

5/ SB, page 69 :

Listen to this sentence said in four different ways. Match each one to its implied

meaning.

The first ever Alia flight was in 1963 CE.

1. The first ever Alia flight was in 1963 CE.

2. The first ever Alia flight was in 1963 CE.

3. The first ever Alia flight was in 1963 CE.

4. The first ever Alia flight was in 1963 CE.

a.There were other flights before 1963 CE, but not Alia flights. b.Alia‘s first flight was not in 1964 CE. c.There were no Alia flights at all before 1963 CE.

d.Alia did other things before its first flight in 1963 CE. 1. c 2. a 3. d. 4. b 5/ SB, page 69 :

The word in bold in each sentence indicates the stress. Say the sentences. How does

the meaning of each sentence differ?

a. Iretired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.

b.I retiredwhen I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.

c.I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.

d.I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999CE.

a. It was I, not someone else, who retired. b. I did other things when I was 60, but this is when I retired. c. I was 60 when I retired, not another age. d. It was in 1999 CE when I retired, not another year in the 1990s.

127

PPronunciation: Sentence stress (2) ProPronunciation: Intonation

6/ SB, page 75 :nunciation: Intonation

1.Listen and repeat these questions. Which one shows puzzlement? Which one shows

encouragement?

a.How can I get work experience without getting a job first? b.Before you find a full-time job, why don‘t you consider doing voluntary work? 1. a. puzzlement b. encouragement

2 Now listen and repeat these questions.

c.What advice can you give? d.Are there any jobs which train young people while they are working?

NOTE : Wh- questions fall at the end. Open-ended questions rise.

128

Literature spot B / S.B pages 86-89

A green cornfield

By Christina Rossetti (1830 CE–1894 CE)

The earth was green, the sky was blue: I saw and heard one sunny morn A skylark hang between the two, A singing speck above the corn; A stage below, in gay accord, White butterflies danced on the wing, And still the singing skylark soared, And silent sank and soared to sing. The cornfield stretched a tender green To right and left beside my walks; I knew he had a nest unseen Somewhere among the million stalks. And as I paused to hear his song While swift the sunny moments slid , Perhaps his mate sat listening long, And listened longer than I did.

:السماء كانت زرقاء, األرض كانت خضراء رأيت و سمعت ذات صباح مشرق

,ذكر قبرة عالقا بين االثنتين بقعة تغني فوق الذرة

على مسافة ادني و في تناغم مرح فراشات بيضاء رقصت على الجناح

وظل صوت القبرة يرتفع بالغناء يهبط صامتا و يعلو مغنيا

حقل الذرة امتد يانعا بالخضرة يمنة و يسرة من خطاي

عرفت أن لذكر القبرة عشا مخبأ في مكان ما بين ماليين السيقان و عندما توقفت ألسمعأغنيتو

مرت اللحظات المشمسة بسرعة لربما كانت رفيقتو جالسة تستمع طويال

يو لربما استمعت لوقت أطول من

Meaning Word Meaning Word

cornfieldؽو انهح silent sankاج ثلء

stretched sunnyزل ج

mornاجبػ tenderو١ بىط

skylarkبئو اوجوح nestػ speckمهح stalksهجبد

gayجزظ وه pausedرهق

accordاغب راكن swiftثوػخ

butterfliesكوابد ٣slidين ٣ـ٤ت

on the wingؾن ورلغ mateبؽت / هك٤ن

soaredؾن ػب٤ب ورلغ

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Vocabulary

1. Answer the questions:

1.Is a speck something big or small (line 4)?

صغير؟أمىل البقعة شي كبير

2.If something is in accord, is it in agreement or disagreement (line 5)?

اختالف؟أمفهل في حالة اتفاق , كان شيء ما في حالة تناغمإذا

3.Does tender suggest something fresh and young, or old and strong (line 9)?

كبير السن القوي؟أمىل كلمة برفق توحي بشيء نشط و شاب

4.What does a bird do in a nest (line11)?

ماذا يفعل الطائر في العش؟

5.Which part of a plant is the stalk (line 12)?

جزء من النبات ىو الساق؟إي

6.Does swift mean slow or fast (line 14)?

ثوػخ رؼ٢ و٣غ أ ثط٢ء؟

1. small 2. in agreement3. fresh and young4. It lays eggs. 5. It‘s the long, upright part of the plant that supports the leaves. 6. fast

Comprehension

2. Choose the correct word to complete the summary of the poem.

The poet describes how (1)( content/ sad / lonely) she feels as she walks through a

cornfield. As she walks along, she sees a skylark (2)(flying away from the cornfield/ flying

in the sky / falling towards her). It doesn`t sing as it flies (3)(lower/ higher). Below it,

butterflies (4)(sit quietly / move slowly / move quickly) in the cornfield. The poet knows

that the skylark`s nest is (5)(visible in / hidden in / far away from) the cornfield. She (6)

(notices / imagines / knows) that its companion is also listening somewhere in the

cornfield. 1.content 2.flying in the sky 3.lower 4. move quickly 5. hidden in 6.imagines

. ال ٣ـ٢ ػلب ٣ج. رو بئو اوجوح ٣ط٤و ك٢ ابء, ث٤ب ر٢ . ابػوح رق اوب ان١ رؼو ث ث٤ب ر٢ ػجو ؽو انهح

. ك٢ ب بأ٣برزق٤ ابػوح ا هك٤وخ اطبئو رزغ . ك٢ ؽو انهحقجأابػوح رؼوف ا ػ بئو اوجوح . رؾز كوابد ك٢ اؾو

Analysis

3. Answer the questions about the poem.

1.The poet uses many examples of alliteration. Find one example. What effect is the poet trying to achieve with this technique?

؟األسلوب يحققو بهذا أن الذي تحاول الشاعرة التأثير على ذلك ما أمثلةجد . من الجناس أمثلةالشاعرة تستخدم عدة

Some word pairs alliterate (singing speck on line 4, listening long on line 15, listened

longer on line 16), but there are also silent sank and soared to sing(line 8)and while swift the

sunny moments slid (line 14). Alliteration adds to the rhythm of the poem and also links

dissimilar words together(here we have soared and sank; silent and singing)

130

2. Find two references to another listener, apart from the poet herself, in lines 10 to 16 of the poem. Who or what is this listener?

من القصيدة من المستمع؟ 16 إلى 10 من األسطرغير الشاعرة نفسها في . أخر لوجود مستمع إشارتينجد

The two referencesare I knew he had a nest unseen (line 11) (the female bird is sitting

on the eggs); perhaps his mate sat listening long (line 15) (the female bird).The

listener is the female skylark.

. طائر القبرةأنثىالمستمع ىو . 15سطر ترقد على البيض ربما رفيقتو جلست تستمع طويالاألنثى 11 في سطر اإلشارة

3.How do we know that the poet leaves the cornfield before the skylark has stopped

singing?

٣زهق بئو اوجوح ػ اـبء؟ أ ابػوح ؿبكهد ؽو انهح هج أ٤ق ؼوف

She says, perhaps his mate sat listening long, and listened longer than I did (lines 15-16). This shows that the poet leaves the cornfield but speculates that the bird`s mate might still be listening to the song:therefore, the bird must still have been singing

كنا ٣ل أ ابػوح ؿبكهد ؽو . ( 16-15األطو ) ازؼذ لزوح أ ب كؼذ , هثب عذ هك٤وز رزغ لزوح ٣خ : ٢ رو

.ني ال ثل أ اطبئو ب ال ٣يا ٣ـ٢ : انهح ب رق٤ذ أ هك٤وخ اطبئو هثب ال ريا رزغ ئىبألؿ٤خ

AB, page 57/ AnalysisRhyming words occur at the end of lines and in a pattern? the

pattern is called a rhyme scheme. Describe the rhyme scheme in this poem.

. صف نمط القافية في ىذه القصيدة. و بشكل نمطي النمط يسمى نمط القافيةاألسطركلمات القافية تقع في نهاية

The rhyme scheme isabab . In other words the first line and third lines rhyme, as do the second and fourth.

. اضبش ٣زبؿب ني اطو اضب٢ اواثغاأل اطو أ ث٢ ثؼ٠ ئ٣ ث٢ ئ٣اوبك٤خ ٢ ػ٠

TB, page 151

4. List the colours that have been used in the poem. What do you think they symbolise?

ثوأ٣ا٠ بما روي ؟. غ هبئخ ثبألا از٢ ازقلذ ك٢ او٤لح

Green, blue, white. I think that green symbolises the freshness of nature; it is used in conjunction with blue to emphasise how bright and vivid nature can be. White is used to symbolise the purity and elegance of the butterfly.

. ازقل ثبزيا غ ا األىهم ٤إل ٢ اطج٤ؼخ وهخ ؽ٤خ , اػزول أ ا األفو ٣ض ػنثخ اطج٤ؼخ. األث٤ , األىهم , األفو

ا األث٤ ازقل ٤وي ئ٠ لبء أبهخ الواخ

Listening long , singing speck الكلمات فيها جناس أزواجبعض

And still the singing skylark soared الشعرية األسطرجناس في , and silent sank and soared to sing

الوزن الشعري للقصيدة و يربط الكلمات مختلفة معاإلىالجناس يضيف

131

Around the World in Eighty Days

by Jules Verne

The story, set in 1873 CE, is about an Englishman, Mr. Phileas Fogg, who is trying to complete a journey around the world in eighty days. At this point in the story, he and his travelling companion, the Frenchman Mr. Passé partout, are travelling through India by train. They have befriended another traveller, Sir Francis Cromarty.

, ػل نا اؾل اوخ. ػ هع اغ٤ي١ ا٤ل ك٤ج كؽ ان١ ٣ؾب أ ٣ هؽخ ؽ اؼب ك٢ صب٤ ٣ب1873ن اوخ از٢ هؼذ ػب

. ا٤ل كوا٤ وبهر٢فوا هؽبخ أم هك٤ن لو الو٢ ا٤ل ثب٤جبهرد ٣بكوا ػجو ال ثبوطبه بك

The train stopped at eight o‘clock, in the midst of a glade some fifteen miles beyond Rothal, where there were several bungalows and workmen‘s cabins. The conductor, passing along the carriages, shouted, ‗Passengers will get out here!‘‗Where are we?‘ asked Sir Francis. ‗At the hamlet of Kholby.‘ ‗Do we stop here?‘ ‗Certainly. The railway isn‘t finished.‘ ‗What! Not finished?‘‗No. There‘s still a matter of fifty miles to be laid from here to Allahabad, where the line begins again.‘

ب ؼب أاؿاوطبه رهق ابػخ اضبخ ك٢ ؿبثخ ػ٠ ثؼل ف ػوح ٤ال ثؼل هصب ؽ٤ش ب بى ػلح

" (فج٢)ك٢ اوو٣خ."ب ا٤ل كوا٤ " ؾ؟أ٣."ازو بػ ٣و ػجو اؼوثبد ابكو ٤ي ب

٣جلأؽ٤ش (أثبكهللا ) ئ٠ال ثو٢ ب بكز ف ٤ال ب "" ٣ز؟!بما .""اق اؾل٣ل١ ٣ز ثؼل. ثبزأ٤ل"" وق ب؟"

. اق صب٤خ‗Yet you sell tickets from Bombay to Calcutta,‘ retorted Sir Francis, who was growing warm. ‗No doubt,‘ replied the conductor, ‗but the passengers know that they must provide means of transportation for themselves from Kholby to Allahabad.‘ ‗Sir Francis,‘ said Mr.Fogg quietly, ‗we will, if you please, look about for some means of conveyance to Allahabad.‘ ‗Mr.Fogg, this is a delay greatly to your disadvantage.‘ ‗No, Sir Francis; it was foreseen.‘ ‗What! You knew that the way—‘

هك عببكو ١" ازو أعبةثال ي ." ا٤ل كوا٤ ان١ بذ رورلغ ؽواهرأعبة زب ئ٠ رج٤غ رناو ثجب١ "

ال ٣ب ٤ل ."" ج٤و ٤ بؾيرأف٤و٣ب ٤ل كؽ نا " هللا ثبكئ٠ فج٢ زأفنا ٣غت ػ٤ ا ٣غلا ٤خ االد

------" اطو٣نأذ رؼوف !"بما""كوا٤ ا ب زهؼب

TEACHER OF ENGLISH

JAMAL SAFI

0777376260

132

‗Not at all, but I knew that some obstacle or other would sooner or later arise on my route. Nothing, therefore, is lost. I have two gained days to sacrifice. A steamer leaves Calcutta for Hong Kong at noon, on the 25th. This is the 22nd, and we shall reach Calcutta in time.‘ There was nothing to say to so confident a response. Mr.Fogg and Sir Francis Cromarty, after searching the village from end to end, came back without having found anything.‗I shall go afoot,‘ said PhileasFogg. Passé partout, who had now rejoined his master, made a wry grimace, as he thought of his magnificent, but too frail Indian shoes. After a moment‘s hesitation, he said, ‗Monsieur, I thinkI have found a means of conveyance.‘‗What?‘

ألؾ٢ل١ ٣ب . ؽب رذ فبهرئ١ال ٢ء ػ٠ . ػبعال ك٢ و٣و٢أعالأ ثؼ اؼهبد زظو أ٢ ػوكذ , ئالهب"

. او نا ا٤ اضب٢ اؼو زب ك٢ اهذ25 ؾ ؾ ظوا ك٢ ئ٠ل٤خ ثقبه٣خ رـبكه زب . ثب

. ٣ بى ب ٣وب ػ٠ نا اوك ااصن

هب ك٤ج٤ كؽ " ٤بأمت." ٣غلا ٤ئبأػبكا ك ,أهببئىأهببا٤لا كؽ كوا٤ وبر٢ ثؼلب كزب اوو٣خ

٣ب ٤ل١ "هب , ثؼل ؾظخ روكك . اظو ر٤وح ز٣خ ػلب كو ثؾنائ اغ٤ ال٣ـ٤و او١, ٤لأالا٠ثب٤جبهرد ان١ ا

" بما؟.""اػزول ثب٢ علد ٤خ و٣ؾخ‗An elephant! An elephant that belongs to anIndian who lives but a hundred steps from here.‘ ‗Let‘s go and see the elephant,‘ replied Mr.Fogg.They soon reached a small hut. Enclosed within

some high palings, was the animal in question. An Indian came out of the hut, and, at their request, conducted them within the enclosure. The elephant, which was reared, not to be an animal that merely carried things around, but for warlike purposes, was half-domesticated. Happily, however, for Mr.Fogg, theanimal‘s instruction in this direction had not gone far, and the elephant still preserved its natural gentleness. Kiouni – this was the name of the elephant – could doubtless travel rapidly for a long time, and, in default of any other means of conveyance, Mr.Fogg resolved to hire him.

. ا٤ل كؽأعبة",كػب نت و ال٤." " ك٤ ٣ق اؽل اك ٣ؼ٤ ػ٠ ثؼل ئخ فطح ب! ك٤"

ئ٠ل١ فوط اؿ ثبء ػ٠ ج هبك . اؾ٤ا اطة ب ؾبب ث٤بط فج٢ ػب, ؿ ـ٤و ئ٠وػب ب ال

ا رؼ٤بد ازع٤ ئالهؿ ؼبكح ا٤ل كؽ . أ٤قب ق , اوزبإلؿوا . اإلصوبال٤ ان١ رذ روث٤ز ٤ ؾ . اؾظ٤وح

ئ١ ب ال ٤٣وثوػخ هذ ٣ ػ٠ ػ - ٢٤ نا ب ا ال٤-.ؾ٤ا رلغ ٣ال كبل٤ ؽبكع ػ٠ كاػز اطج٤ؼ٤خ

.أ٤زأعوا٤ل كؽ هوه . أفو٤خ و و٣ؾخ

However, elephants are far from being cheap in India as they are becoming scarce. Male elephants, as they are only suitable for circus shows, are much sought after especially as themajority are domesticated. When therefore Mr.Fogg proposed to the Indian to hire Kiouni, he refused point-blank. Mr.Fogg persisted, offering the excessive sum of ten pounds an hour for the loan of the elephant to Allahabad. Refused. Twenty pounds? Refused also. Forty pounds? Still refused.

133

.ال٤خ انه بجخ كو. بكهح ألبأجؾذ ؽب ال٤خ ٤ذ هف٤خ ك٢ ال ئ١ػ٠

. هك الوح, ٤ز ل١ ثبزئغبه ال٤ ٢٤كعػلب اظو ا٤ل . ؿبج٤زب لعخأجؾذؼو ا٤وى طثخ علا ثؼلب

أهثؼ. أ٣بػو ع٤ب؟ هك . ال١ هك . أثبك هللا ئ٠ ػو ػو ع٤بد ى٣بكح بػخ الزؼبهح ال٤ ئوا٤ل كؽ

. ع٤ب؟ ب ىا هاكبPhileasFogg, without getting in the least flurried, then proposed to purchase the animal outright, and at first offered a thousand pounds for him. The Indian, perhaps thinking he was going to make a great bargain, still refused.At two thousand pounds the Indian yielded. ‗What a price, good heavens!‘ cried Passé partout, ‗for an elephant.

ظ , ال١ هثب ظ ا ب ٣ؼوللوخ ج٤وح. ع٤ئقهوه ا ٣زو١ اؾ٤ا ك٢ اجلا٣خ ػو ػ٤ , ك٤٤ كؽ ك ا ٣ـت

." اع ك٤" بػ ثب٤جبهرد!" ثؾن ابء, ٣ب ؼو ." اكن ال١ , ع٤ألبؼو ة.هاكبIt only remained now to find a guide, which was comparatively easy. A young Parsee*, with an intelligent face, offered his services, which Mr.Fogg accepted, promising so generous a reward as to materially stimulate his zeal. The elephant was led out and equipped. Provisions were purchased at Kholby, and, while Sir Francis and Mr.Fogg took the howdahs* on either side, Passé partout got astride the saddle-cloth between them. The Parsee perched himself on the elephant‘s neck, and at nine o‘clock they set out from the village, the animal marching off through the dense forest of palms by the shortest cut. *Parsee – a person living in South Asia but descended from Persia. *howdah – a seat for riding an elephant

كبه٢ م ع م٢ ػو فلبر از٢ هجب ا٤ل كؽ أبة . وبهخ غ ال٤أو , غل ك٤الأ كو أالثو٢

ائ ر وائب فج٢ ث٤ب هب ا٤لا . ر اهز٤بك ال٤ ري٣ل ثؼلاد اوة. و٣خ ٤ض٤و ؼ ابك١ثبكأحاػلا

البه٢ . هب ثب٤جبهرد ثوث اوط ث٤ اطوك٤, وك٤ ػ٠ عبج٢ ال٤ئهفبءكوا٤ كؽ ثغ اوؼل ػ٠ ظو ال٤

اؾ٤ا ب ٤٣و ػجو ؿبثخ ض٤لخ اق٤ ػ٠ اهو اطوم , ك٢ ابػخ ازبؼخ اطوا اوو٣خ , ع ػ٠ ههجخ ال٤

Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning Word frail midst ؼ٤ق steamer ثبفوح

glade أه اؼخ hesitation روكك response هكورجي/ ؽبئو flurried و٤ل/ ؾه enclosed بى bungalows

ر٤وحWry

grimace ول/ ك٤ palings ٤بط conductor

Passing along ػ٠ اطو٣ن hut ؿ magnificent هائغ carriages ػوثبد conducted بم وبك sacrifice ٣ؾ٢ passengers بكو٣ enclosure ٤بط bargain لوخ

stimulate ٣ؾليؽ٤ا /ؽ٤ا ا٤ق

ي٢

half _domesticated

هو٣خhamlet

إخ/ قي provisions ثل ي doubtless ٣يك provide ػوث/ وجخ resolved ػبى ػ٠ purchased ازو conveyance ثطئ/ رأع٤ hire ٣زأعو dense ض٤ق delay

ؿبثخ غو

اق٤

Forest of palms

foreseen زهغ persisted أو

البئ/ ايائل route و٣ن excessive ػبئن obstacle اهزوا/ ازالف gained ٣ت loan ٣ظو arise

134

Vocabulary

1. Answer the questions.

1.What kind of house is a bungalow (line 6)?

اي نوع من البيوت ىو الكوخ؟

2.How does the word hamlet (line 9) suggest that there aren‘t many houses or people in the area where the train has stopped?

كيف ان كلمة قرية توحي بانو ال يوجد الكثير من البيوت في المنطقة التي توقف فيها القطار؟

3.What form of transport is a steamer (line 24)?

؟ streamerما ىي ال

4.What kind of facial expression is a wry grimace (line 30), and why did Passepartout‘s face show this expression?

ما ىو تعبير الوجو كشرة ملتوية و لماذا اظهر وجو باسيبارتوت ىذا التعبير؟ 5.Read line 36 again. Which words tell us that the elephant was kept safely away from direct contact with humans?

.ما ىي الكلمات التي تدلنا على ان الفيل كان يتم االحتفاظ بو بامان بعيدا عن االحتكاك بالشر. ثانية36اقرا سطر

1.A house with one floor

2.A hamlet is a very small village, which suggests that there are very few people and houses.

3.It`s a ship powered by steam.

4.It`s an expression that shows pain or unhappiness. Passepartout wasn`t happy because he

didn`t want to walk far, as he didn`t think his shoes would be sturdy enough.

5.enclosed, palings: the elephant was in a compound surrounded by high palings.

In other words, the animal was fenced in an area.

Comprehension

2.Answer the questions.

1.Why can‘t the train continue its journey from Kholby to Allahabad?

. اهلل اباد إلىلماذا ال يستطيع القطار االستمرار بالرحلة من خولبي

2.Why is Sir Francis annoyed during his conversation with the conductor? What expression is used to mean he is getting annoyed? (line 15)

لماذا ينزعج السيد فرانسيس خالل محادثتو مع الكنترول ؟ ما التعبير المستخدم الذي يدل على انو منزعج؟

3.How does Mr. Fogg deal with the situation when he discovers that his train journey cannot continue? How does his attitude differ from that of Sir Francis? Look at lines 23 to 26.

.26 و 23 االسطر إلىكيف يتعامل السيد فوغ مع الوضع عندما يعرف بان رحلة القطار ال يمكن ان تستمر؟ كيف يختلف موقفو عن موقف السيد فرانسيس ؟ انظر

4.Why did the Indian mandecide torear an elephant?

لماذا قرر الرجل الهندي ان يربي فيال؟

5.How do we know that the elephant is not aggressive?

" كيف نعرف ان الفيل ليس عدوانيا؟

6.How many people travel on the elephant?

كم شخص سافروا على ظهر الفيل؟

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1.The train cannot continue its journey because the railway line hasn`t actually been completed.

2.He is annoyed because he feels cheated by being sold a ticket to somewhere the train doesn`t

go. “Growing warm” means getting annoyed.

3.Fogg says that he suspected that this might happen and suggests that they find another means

of transport. Compared to Sir Francis, he is very calm and confident and doesn`t show any anger.

4.He wanted it for fighting.

5.It still preserved its natural gentleness”. Meaning that it does not want to fight (lines 40-41)

6.Four – the guide, Passepartout, Sir Francis and Fogg.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct word.

calm confident enthusiastic unapologetic worried worried

1. The conductor is …………….. about having sold a ticket to Allahabad to the travellers, even though the train will not take them there. 2. Mr Fogg is ……….. that he will still complete his journey in eighty days. 3. Passepartout feels ……………. about the prospect of walking the rest of the way to Allahabad. 4. Mr Fogg remains ………………. while he negotiates the sale of the elephant. 5. The guide is very ………………………. about making the journey by elephant. 1.unapologistic 2.confident 3.worried 4. calm 5. Enthusiastic

4. Complete the sentences 1–3 with the names of the characters.

Sir Francis Passepartout Phileas Fogg

1. ………………….. is prepared to walk the rest of the way to Allahabad. 2. ………………… thinks that two thousand pounds is too much to pay for an elephant. 3. …………… does not know where they are when the train stops.

1.Phileas Fogg 2.Passepartout 3. Sir Francis

Ideas

5. Find a line in the story that represents the following ideas.

1. time 2. money 3. transport

1.Time :-‗MrFogg, this is a delay greatly to your disadvantage.‘ ‗No, Sir Francis; it was foreseen.‘

2.Money :-PhileasFogg, without getting in the least flurried, then proposed topurchase the animal

outright, and at first offered a thousand poundsfor him. The Indian, perhaps thinking he was going to

make a great bargain, still refused.

3.Transport:-Happily, however, for MrFogg, the animal‘s instruction in this direction had not gone far,

and theelephant still preserved its natural gentleness. Kiouni – this was the name of the elephant –

could doubtless travel rapidly for a long time, and, in default of any other means of conveyance,

MrFogg resolved to hire him.

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6.Consider the idea of transport. Compare the train (lines 6–15) and the elephant

(lines 38–45). What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of transport

mentioned, and how does this relate to the rest of the extract? فكر بفكرة المواصالت قارن بين القطار فيما حسنات و سيئات كال منهما و كيف يرتبط ىذا ببقية القصة؟ . 45-38 و الفيل في االسطر 15-6االسطر

6. Transport is an important theme in this story. These two passages describing a train‘s unfinished route and an elephant‘s potential to be a good mode of transport are interesting since the railway is not finished (line 11) and the elephant is needed to continue on their journey. The elephant, a live animal, is described like a mode of transport; it ‗could doubtless travel rapidly and for a long time‘. In this situation, the man-made transport fails, whereas the animal seems to be a more positive investment.

ىذان النصان يصفان بطريقة ممتعة طريق القطار لم يكتمل بعد و امكانية جعل الفيل ان يكون وسيلة نقل جيدة . النقل ىو موضوع مهم في ىذه القصة الفيل حيوان حي وصف بانو مثل وسيلة النقل فانو يمكنو السفر بال شك . الن السكك الحديدية لم تكتمل بعد و ىناك حاجة للفيل لمواصلة رحلتهم

.بينما ىذا الحيوان يبدو انو استثمارا اكثر ايجابية . بسرعة و لفترة طويلة في ىذه الحالة وسيلة النقل التي وضعها االنسان تفشل

7. Do you think that this story shows the importance of time? Justify your answer.

براك هل القصة تظهر اهمة الوقت ؟ برر اجابتك I think that this story shows the importance of time when Phileas Fogg is so precise about the number of days they have to spare in line 24. It also references time in the passage where the elephant is described (‗rapidly‘, line 41). However, I think that more importance is given to efficiency, because Phileas Fogg is not in a hurry; he is instead very well prepared (lines 23–25).

كما ان ىناك اشارة للوقت عندما يوصف . 24اعتقد ان القصة تبين اىمية الوقتعندما يكون فيليس فوغ دقيقا حول عدد االيام المتبقية التي عليو ان يوفرىا في سطر و مع ذلك اعتقد ان اىمية اكبر اعطيت للكفاءة الن فوغ فيليبس لم يكن في عجلة من امره و بدال من ذلك ىو مستعد بشكل جيد للغاية .41الفيل بسرعة سطر

AB, page 57/ Analysis

1.Read lines 8–22. Making specific reference to these lines, compare and contrast the

characters of Sir Francis and Phileas Fogg. Comment on the things they say and do.

Remember to quote from the text.

علق على االشاء الت . قارن التشابه و االختالؾ بن السد فرنسس و فلبس فوغ , بالرجوع الى هذه االسطر بشكل محدد 22-6اقرا االسطر .قوالنها و فعالنها

Sir Francis and Phileas Fogg are men of two very different personalities. Whilst Sir Francis gets easily angry, Phileas Fogg is calm and assured.

.فوغ هادئ وواثق من نفسه , بنما السر فرانسس ؽضب بسهولة . السر فرانسس و فوغ هما رجالن بشخصات مختلفة جدا

TB, page 151

Read the following extract from the story. Find two examples of literary devices.

جد مثالن على الصػ البالؼة . اقرا المقتطؾ التال من القصة ―The Parsee perched himself on the elephant‘s neck, and at nine o‘clock they set out from the village, the animal marching off through the dense forest of palms by the shortest cut.‖ 1. Alliteration – Parsee perched; 2. Personification – the animalmarching

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:الؽظبد ػبخ ٣غت واػبرب ػل زبثخ ع ازؼج٤و -

.ك ب طة ع٤لا هج اجلء ثبزبثخ. 1

.عػا بت / زبثخ ا . 2

.افز٤به ابد ابجخ ع ز٣ أكبه ؾ٤ؾخ. 3

.زبثخ ابد ث ؾ٤ؼ ئالئ٤ب. 4

.ازو٤ت اواػل١ غ ٣غت أ ٣ ؾ٤ؾب. 5

.ازقلا ػالبد ازوه٤ ابجخ. 6

.روى كواؽ ث٤ ث٤ ابد اع ر٤ ػ٤خ اوواءح.7

.زبثخ كح ع رله٤وب هج اػزبكب زغت ػ٤خ اطت ازواه. 8

.زبثخ ولخ ػو فبرخ ع ازؼج٤و.9

.االزلبكح ابد از٢ رؾلظب ك٢ زبثخ اع. 10

.رو٤ اع ئ٠ كوواد .11

UNIT SIX

Writing / SB page 47

An email about joining a space school.

Stage one:

Start with greeting : Hi ! / Dear fellow students / Hello { name }

Stage two:

Start with the purpose of writing. I‘ve decided to+ v1……………………………………………………..

Stage three:

Explain the reason for your choice. I‘d join the space school because ………………………………………

Stage four:

Present suggestions : It might be a better idea to join …………….so that we can……..

Stage five :

End the email by " see you soon " "Best wishes "

Stage six :

check spelling, grammar and punctuation. Note: It is fine to use abbreviations such as I‘m and don‘t in emails

138

Sample of email

Write an email to your friend telling him or her what a space school is like to study

there .

I‘ve decided to join a space school to study as a secondary education rather than academic one . I know that there are many streams of secondary education that we use but obviously there is a new type of learning needed to keep up with space and technology industries. The subjects are quite different from the traditional ones such as Astronomy and Astrophysics. It might be a better idea to join such schools so that we can take any number of different career paths and lead to a variety of career opportunities. I‘m really looking forward to attending this school.

See you soon.

Writing / SB page 49

You are going to write a blog post about one of the following

Stage one:

Choose one subject .

Stage two:

Write a descriptive title and who the post is by.

Stage three:

Write a brief introduction that appeals to your readers. Do you know what …………..? I really need your help!

Stage four:

State your blog post subject in more detail . I d like to …………………because……………………

Stage five:

Conclusion : Restart your subject and ask readers to get involved. So , can you help me with…………..? We could start up a useful conversation about ………………………….

Stage six:

check spelling, grammar and punctuation.

family life, school subjects, school rules, behaviour values, a

typical school day, after-school activities,free-time activities

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Sample: a blog post

Write a blog post about your decision to study ;Medicine, psychology or linguistics' to

help people.

Writing skills: Writing informally

• We always begin a letter with Dear [name], whether it is formal or informal. • In emails, we are less formal and tend to use Hello [name], or Hi! • In open letters, we use a group noun to address all the people that we want to include, such as Dear fellow students. • In all of the above, it is fine to use abbreviations such as I’m, and don’t. • We can end emails and letters (not open letters) with Best wishes/See you soon/Looking forward to hearing from you. We end an open letter repeating what we want to say.

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UNIT SEVEN

Writing / SB page 51

Writing a paragraph for giving advice and reasons to persuade others to take.

Stage one:

Start with an opening question.

Stage two:

An explanation of why you write this paragraph. Why I‘m writing this paragraph is to………………………..

Stage three:

Initial advice The best way to………….is to………… Another advice is…………….

Stage four :

Final message to the reader Remember some of these tips, in the end you‘ll be more……………..

Stage five :

Check spelling, grammar and punctuation .

Sample: paragraph for giving advice

Write a paragraph giving advice to someone who find it difficult to fall asleep the night before an exam. Do you find it difficult to fall asleep the night before an exam ? Many students can‘t fall asleep to be ready for the next day exam which is why I‘m writing this paragraph. The best way to fall asleep is to stop drinking stimulus drinks such as coffee and cola as they activate your brain and avoid you from going to sleep. Another advice is to do some physical exercise to reduce your activity to fall asleep .Remember some of these tips , in the end you will feel tired and sleep happily.

Writing / SB page 53

Writing a persuasive letter.

Stage one:

Greeting Dear Mr.………………..

Stage two:

Introduction : State your reason for writing. I am writing……………………..

Stage three:

Body : In two or more paragraphs, write your persuasive argument.

Stage four:

Request : Ask for what you want . Show that you are flexible.

Stage five :

Sign – off : Add a sentence of good wishes

Stage six :

End the letter with yours sincerely, and your name

Stage seven:

check spelling, grammar and punctuation.

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Writing / SB page 55

Sample: persuasive letter

Write a persuasive letter to convince students to study a subject of your choice at

university.

Dear fellow students ! I am writing about what I decided to study at university as the best choice of career opportunities by learning a foreign language. There are a lot of subjects that are available at universities which are taught. However ,graduates face the problem of unemployment , so by learning a new language you can improve your skills and your ability to deal with others and get the desired job. In additions to this , learning any subject at university cannot do without learning a foreign language which improve your chances of success in other subjects .Therefore, if learning a foreign language is neglected , nothing new will be done. I hope you will take my letter in consideration when you decide your future subject at university . Thank you. Your Sincerely , Fares Ali

Writing / AB page 38

Writing a formal letter

Write a formal letter to a university applying for a course at university persuading it that

you are the best candidate.

Stage one:

Introduction :say who you are and what course you are applying for.

Stage two :

Talk about the subject and your interest in it.

Stage three:

Talk about the activities that you do outside school ,and say how they are relevant.

Stage four :

end the letter with: I look forward to hearing from you the next stage of my application

Stage five :

Sign of : yours faith fully , Your name

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Sample: formal letter

University name your address

The date

Dear Sir, I am writing to apply for the course of training in computer which was advertised in the news paper last week. I am 18 years old and I have just finished secondary school in Amman specialized in it .I would like to take the course because I am very interested in computers. I would also like to get more skills as I feel that information technology is extremely important. I am hard-working and responsible person . I like working with others and respect team work. I think I would be a good trainer due to my computer experience , so I have good understanding of the subject. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Sally Ali

Writing skills: Using pronouns

We use pronouns as ways to link paragraphs or ideas. A pronoun refers to things, people or ideas mentioned in earlier or later sentences.

The following advice about preparing for exams was given by our teacher. Heshould

know – as he has taken so many of themin his life! He said, ‗It is not a good idea to

study late at night. Thisis because your brain is tired then, and it is unlikely to retain

the information as well. The best time to study is early in the morning. Thatis when

you feel most awake.‘

UNIT NINE

Writing / SB page 65

Writing an informal letter about wishes and regrets

Stage one :

Greeting

Stage two :

Introduction:the purpose of the letter.

Stage three :

In two or more paragraphs build up your wishes and regrets.

Stage four:

Conclusion

Stage five :

End the letter with: "Best wishes"

Stage six:

Check spelling, grammar and punctuation.

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Sample : informal letter about wishes and regrets

Dear friend, How are you ? I'm sorry that I didn‘t write to you for awhile but as you know I was busy with my final exams at school .I'm very sad to say that I didn‘t do well in as I expected . There were many reasons for my bad marks ; I spent most of my time watching football match . So that I couldn‘t cover all the material for the next day exam . But what could I say ! If only I had studied harder. I wish the matches had been after examination. What about you ? Someone told me that you didn‘t go to the beach last week because of the hot weather. I wish it had been cooler. What is your plan for the next week end , let me know if you decide to go anywhere .

Best wishes Fares Ali

Writing / SB page 69

Writing review

Stage one :

Write the name of the subject : school – hotel –club

Stage two :

Introduction : Give a generalreport about what you are reviewing .

Stage three :

Body language :Cover both positive and negative aspects of the subject.

Stage four :

Conclusion : summaries and recommend (state your overall opinion)

Stage five :

Cheek spelling ,grammar and punctuation .

Writing / AB page 79

Sample review (of a hotel)

Write areview of a hotel that you have recently stayed at mentioning thepositive and

negative aspects of the hotel .

Charles Hotel, Paris

I recently stayed at this hotel for a few nights during a conference, and it did not entirely live up to expectations. On its website it is billed as ‗stylish, state-of-the-art and chic‘, which was true, but the service was not quite as high a standard as it could have been.

Since I arrived fairly late in the evening my first night, there was nobody at Reception to check me into my room. However, someone came to help me immediately after I rang the bell on the desk. Throughout my stay, I experienced some negative aspects of service, such as a lack of towels and delayed room service, but I was met with excellent responses to requests

made in the restaurant, as well as an atmosphere of general helpfulness and politeness. I was happy to deal with the few oversights as I know that hotel staff work hard for long hours.

I would very much like to visit Paris again, and I enjoyed the view, architecture and atmosphere of the hotel very much. The service could be improved, but it didn't detract from a fairly pleasant stay. I recommend this hotel to anyone interested in Parisian architecture.

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Writing skills: An informal letter

When you write an informal letter, use language that is similar to spoken English. Use abbreviations instead of full forms. I wish I hadn’t given up the piano. Last year, we always played basketball after school, but I’d rather have played tennis. Informal letters usually have idioms, use active rather than passive verbs and have phrasal verbs. Please let me know if ...; someone told me that ... I wasn’t put off by ...

UNIT TEN

Writing / AB page 80 / SB page 79

Writing curriculum vitae

Write headings( in bold ) 1 –your name: ( in bold ) 2 – Address:( in bold ) 3 – Education: (include dates ) 4 – work experience : 5 – personal attributes (make any full sentence concise ) 6 – Reference: (name of head teacher {FULL NAME}) 7 - check spelling, grammar and punctuation.

Note : Make sure that there is adequate line space ,and headings in bold.

Sample :curriculum vitae

Name: Farida Jabari

Address: 215 Rainbow Street, Amman

Education: Degree in English (2009 CE)

PEP (Practical Education Programme) Teaching qualification (2011 CE)

Work experience: Teacher of English, [SCHOOL NAME], Amman

Skills and achievements: Voluntary work for children‘s charities; excellent piano accompanist

Personal attributes: I am a dedicated, ambitious worker. I have high expectations of myself and the students I teach.

Reference: [FULL NAME], head teacher at [SCHOOL NAME], Amman

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Writing / SB page 77

Writing covering letter

Write a letter to apply for a job .

Stage one:

Formal greeting : (Dear {Mr. , Mrs. , Dr. , etc}+SURNAME)

Stage two :

Introduction: Introduce yourself , give details of carrier so for

Stage three:

Body paragraph 1: Say why you are applying and how you are suited to the job.

Body paragraph 2: Give further details and describe your ambitions.

Stage four :

Closing paragraph: Mention your reference. Write about the next stage of the application process.

Stage five :

Sign of : end letter with , your sincerely . Your name

Stage six:

check spelling, grammar and punctuation.

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Sample : Write a letter to apply for a job of head of the English department.

Writing skills: Using linking words

Linking words showing cause explain the reason for something. We couldn’t go to the stadium because / as / since there weren’t any tickets left. As / Since / Because I was tired, I went to bed. We were late because of / due to the traffic. Linking words showing result explain the consequences of an action. We were caught in traffic, therefore / so we missed the start of the play. She worked hard; as a result, / because of that, / consequently, she did very well in her exams.

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BASE FORM PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE awake awoke awoken

be was, were been beat beat beaten

become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bid bid bid bite bit bitten

blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought

broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn burned/burnt burned/burnt buy bought bought

catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done

draw drew drawn dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt drive drove driven drink drank drunk

eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown

forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen

get got got (sometimes gotten)

give gave given go went gone

grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit

hold held held hurt hurt hurt

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BASE FORM PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE keep kept kept know knew known

lay laid laid lead led led

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain

lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put

read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run

make made made say said said see saw seen

seek sought sought sell sold sold

send sent sent show showed showed/shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat

sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood swim swam swum take took taken

teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told

think thought thought throw threw thrown

understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won

write wrote written