INFRASTRUCTURE ET OPÉRATIONS

Gestion de projet web – Module 3

MODULE 3 : INFRASTRUCTURE ET OPÉRATIONS

Infrastructure, Cloud computing (scaling automatique)

Exploitation : monitoring, logs, kpi, instrumentation,

test A/B

Petit rappel : dans un contexte d’entreprise…

Projetez-vous !

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INFRASTRUCTURE

HOSTING

Hosting should be:

Cheap

Scalable

Redundant

99,9% SLA

Secured

Efficient

Allow for fast rollback

Compatible with automated deployment

Self-care

Capacity to deploy internationally

CDN for static data

Separate environments: Preprod, Prod

Optimize more and more to reduce hosting cost.4

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CLOUD COMPUTING

COMPUTING TIMELINE

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WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

Cloud computing leverages the capabilities of the Internet to deliver

“everything-as-a-service”.

General term for anything that involves:

delivering hosted services over the Internet

3 characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting:

• Sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour

• It is elastic: a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any

given time

• The service is fully managed by the provider (the consumer needs nothing but a

personal computer and Internet access).

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3 LAYERS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

These services are broadly divided into three categories:

1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): example Amazon Web Services

2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): example Google App Engine

3. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): example web-based email Gmail, Hotmail

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CLOUD LAYERS

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IAAS

IaaS transforms the traditional datacenter model to that of a utility.

Virtualization permits pooling of cloud resources.

Example: Amazon Web services

(AWS)

Rackspace Cloud

NTT

Orange Cloud Pro

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PAAS

PaaS shortens the application development lifecycle thus reduces the time to market.

PaaS allows the user to focus on application development without the burden of managing the underlying development platform, hardware and resources. 11

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SAAS

SaaS is an evolution from the traditional application service provider (ASP) model: Customers can share

application instances, thus increasing application utilization and driving economies of scale.

SaaS is optimized for use over a network and as such, applications become available on-demand.

As a result, the traditional licensing approach of software is transformed to a subscription. 12

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PUBLIC CLOUD VS PRIVATE CLOUD

The public cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public in the form of a subscription through the Internet.

In a private cloud formation, the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization.

Hybrid cloud formation consists of two or more heterogeneous cloud formations.

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ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

API to interact with the Cloud

Reduced cost based on usage

Ubiquitous network access: available through any Internet-enabled devices

Sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users allows for: Centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such

as real estate, electricity, etc.)

Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)

Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10–20% utilized

Reliability with multiple redundant sites

Scalability: consumers can increase or decrease capacity at will

Maintenance: done by the provider

Metering and monitoring14

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ISSUES OF PUBLIC CLOUD COMPUTING

Privacy

Security

Availability and performance

Lack of control

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CDN

Content Delivery Network is basically a large network distributed storage hard drive.

It can store any types of static files, deployed over multiple location, so as to optimize bandwidth and download access for any client.

Advantages: Low latency. Improves content load times

High bandwidth. Enables high bit rate HD video and other bandwidth-heavy applications

Redundant. Eliminates single points of failure

Scalable. Ensure great experience as number of end users grows

Global. Worldwide network provides great experience regardless of geography

Cost-effective. Pay as you go model provides flexibility for your business

Drawbacks: Propagation time on all nodes. A CDN is not made to store files that need to

be updated often.16

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HOW CDN WORKS

Based on object caching:

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CDN

Edge LocationCustom origin

with content

Data transfer of cached content

to end user (if cached)Data transfer of content to CDN

edge location to cache

Cached copies of

objects

If content not cached – object

requested from origin

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3 4

Request routed to most

optimal edge location

End-user requests content

HOSTING IN THE CLOUD

TYPICAL WEB ARCHITECTURE

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Beware of Single Point of Failure (SPoF)

Mitigate risks

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AUTO-SCALING

Auto-scaling = Add or remove servers dynamically

Scale up and down your servers to:

Improve availibility of service

Optimize hosting cost

Choose the proper metrics to define scale rules

Set hard limits: 2 min, N max

Scale up early, scale down slowly 20

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UNDERSTANDING AUTO-SCALING

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CACHING

4 types of caches:

Web browser cache (client-side)

Network cache

CDN: Amazon CloudFront, Akamai, Azure CDN, …

Reverse proxy: Nginx, Varnish, Apache

Application cache:

Memcached (key-value)

Database cache

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Memcached Reverse Proxy

DNS & SSL

DNS (Domain

Name System)

Champ A :

adresse IP d'un

hôte

Champ MX :

nom de domaine

des serveurs de

mail associés

Champ CNAME :

nom canonique

d'un alias

SSL (Secure

Sockets Layer)23

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OPERATIONS

MONITORING

Monitoring is mandatory in web operations.

Centralized console

Powerful alert system with email and SMS

On-call organization

Define metrics

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LOGS

Logs are critical for operations: Application logs

Database logs

System logs

Various log levels: Debug: used for problem diagnosis. Not in Production.

Info: help trace execution in a production environment.

Warning: A warning message indicates a potential problem in the system.

Error: serious problem in the system.

Include timestamp, caller identity, source code details, thread id

Log in real-time

Centralize logs

Use Logging libraries (log4j, log4php…) 26

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DATA-CENTRIC: MEASURE ANYTHING,

MEASURE EVERYTHING

“You can’t manage what you don’t measure.”

W. Edwards Deming, Peter Drucker

Make good use of data. Use science.

Implement an instrumentation framework, to have the ability to track any indicator.

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A/B TESTING

Pour répondre à la simple question : B est-il meilleur que A ?Que va-t-il se passer si je fais B ? Expérimenter différentes variantes sur différentes populations

Mesurer

Décider sur la base de données explicites, statistiquement signifiantes

Systématiser l’expérimentation en test A/B chaque fois qu’on introduit de nouvelles évolutions et comparer avec l’existant

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KPI AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

Define KPI (Key Performance Indicators): Technical

Business

Build simple real-time dashboards to expose KPI

Use datamining solutions to do deeperanalysis

Datamining tools QlikView http://www.qlikview.com/

Jaspersoft http://www.jaspersoft.com/fr

Tableau Software http://www.tableausoftware.com/

And learn about Big Data… 29

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UN PEU DE PRATIQUE

EXERCISE 1: DNS & SERVER SECURITY

1. Set up a DNS name by using

https://freedns.afraid.org/menu/

2. Check DNS propagation:

http://www.whatsmydns.net

3. Check your site security, for instance with:

http://www.websecurify.com/

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EXERCISE 2 : LOAD TESTING & MONITORING

1. Create a Jmeter script to simulate load on your web

site.

Install from http://jmeter.apache.org/

2. Use a monitoring web site to check availibility of

your site. For instance: http://www.siteuptime.com/

http://www.monitor.us

http://portal.monitis.com/

http://www.catchpoint.com/

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EXERCISE 3: A/B TESTING

Build a variant of your homepage and simulate A/B

testing by using:

http://visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/

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EXERCISE 4 : ARCHITECTURE CLOUD

1. Create a free account on Outscale:

http://www.outscale.com

2. Launch a mini Linux instance

3. Deploy your website into a virtual instance

Try again load-testing with Jmeter and check out

scale-up and down

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RÉFÉRENCES

CLOUD COMPUTING

Aws Blog http://aws.typepad.com/aws/

High Scalability http://highscalability.com/

Netflix blog http://techblog.netflix.com/

Ysance blog http://decrypt.ysance.com/

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INSTRUMENTATION

Make it ridiculously simple for any engineer to get anything they can

count or time into a graph with almost no effort

http://codeascraft.etsy.com/2011/02/15/measure-anything-measure-

everything/

http://codeascraft.etsy.com/2010/12/08/track-every-release/

http://codeascraft.etsy.com/2012/06/21/building-websites-with-

science/

https://github.com/etsy/statsd

Graphite for graphics: http://graphite.wikidot.com/

Big Data et décisionnel:

http://pro.clubic.com/it-business/article-508407-1-big-data-analyse-

donnees-interesse-entreprises.html

Big Data: The Management Revolution : http://hbr.org/2012/10/big-

data-the-management-revolution/ar/1

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MONITORING

http://newrelic.com/

http://www.zenoss.com/

http://sixrevisions.com/tools/10-free-server-network-monitoring-tools-that-kick-ass/

http://decrypt.ysance.com/2011/02/comparatif-outils-monitoring-metrologie-supervision-1-zabbix-

centreon-nagios-cacti-munin/

http://decrypt.ysance.com/2011/02/comparatif-outils-monitoring-metrologie-supervision-2-zabbix-

centreon-nagios-cacti-munin/

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/09/top-5-best-network-monitoring-tools/

Ganglia : http://ganglia.info/

Centralized monitoring: http://www.splunk.com/ http://www.moonlit-software.com

http://www.siteuptime.com/ http://mon.itor.us/index.jsp http://www.scivisum.co.uk/

http://www.catchpoint.com/ http://www.compuware.com/application-performance-management/

http://portal.monitis.com/ http://www.keynote.com/ http://www.yottaa.com/

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TEST A/B

“Not only a marketing tool focused on UI, but most of all a developer tool to be used easily when implementing new features, from front-end to back-end.”

“The goal is to have split-testing be a continuous part of our development process, so much that it is considered a completely routine part of developing a new feature.”

http://www.exp-platform.com/Documents/GuideControlledExperiments.pdf

http://elem.com/~btilly/effective-ab-testing/ / http://elem.com/~btilly/effective-ab-testing/g-test-calculator.html

http://cdn.oreillystatic.com/en/assets/1/event/61/Building%20an%20A_B%20Testing%20Framework%20for%20Web%20Applications%20Presentation.pdf

http://cdn.oreillystatic.com/en/assets/1/event/61/Building%20an%20A_B%20Testing%20Framework%20for%20Web%20Applications%20Presentation%201.pdf

A/B Frameworkhttp://fr.slideshare.net/patio11/ab-testing-framework-design-3296257

https://github.com/etsy/ab

Toolhttp://abtester.com/calculator/

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UN PETIT SITE POUR RETROUVER CE COURS

https://sites.google.com/site/iutbobignyweb/

Support de formation

Liens utiles

Coordonnées

Formulaire d’évaluation

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