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CHAPITRE 1

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1..1 BUTS.

BUTS ET THEORlE

La bu~ de ce ~ra.ItQd a~~ de. c.o"c.lZ.voir une. paJit ul\irct. fri~Drif"l.u. ci ab.

sorphon, fol"l.cJio""Qn~ a laldL dq. !cznU3iC. solo.in'l., lli- dol'\C;. di!. fair(l \IZ

ca\c.l.l~ de~ diffctra.o\-s IL~ <1/\ ?a.rhe.u\il.r dq" \'inso\Q~ur, Qi\'\~i 9ut. \(l,. chailC.

der. \" a bsorbof\\- czJ du PUi de fri5or\5~1'\('.

Lfl. rdr.<j~r-a\-a.llf sO\<Ù~ dul.\- Cl\10ir un tl\c:.t.'onM."'t.r.r s.;irn~ltL ClJ <Lnh'CL-~"'''''~

autoY'l'l.oh9l.lfZ. C'U5\--rQ. di~ n e, n~c.eH·I\-a"~ ClUc.\Al\«. rnQ"Ol!.u.v~ clet la~Q.tt-

dlt~ uti li sa.h:,t.lt'Ç.

CczJ ~~\')arCLd <Z.~\- ,....dlaLh~ Ql.l,)/. nZ.5iO'" ~OUÜ~Cl..n\- d..L\,t\ fort- Q.l\1o\ai\lcz_

\'l'\a.l'\t- l'\\o..\~ d~~ountuc.' de sourc.«.s c.CY\I.1Q.l\~ll"\"CL\\œ.!ô cl cZ. ....C.r5 \ 1t 1 <sÙ ~<l'I\

~ flo lmt\'U'n \'J <LuI;- ,da. 'JCl nir infQ.ftlH Q.'t\ tr <l~ ~c.ol'\(Tn\i <.~U«.

~ ptl'lC ~\C1.vt' dfl. l<Zla.crri0\t/ dant /ClZ.(roiM., ,de (cas- r~'oM ~u,t\rc.

\' <LM r\ul cl a. \' ~rUl.r31lZ. scla.lft 1 C.tl'mll'\ 'l. ~ou.ru d' <ln lLr5 i Cl. \:>ov.r ta \)rt>d"c.h Cll\.

du frb\ d cl. bot\ tn.o.rche..

1.'2.__~_Hsl:ama de rczfrtgarabon a a6sorp-honLez. s.~~~~rn~ de r~tfi<j~rQt\<!'Y' 9u.i So'ada\,t; lez ""'etUlt. ci \'l.L~litah·", de reL

nu~ t«- !.ola..,:((. <ut- \:JotJ..r- l'ïns-\a\'\\- ta rt:.tfi 5;-t"Q~·c.m. par qb~o"phQn..

C<Z.' ,

~~ Shl.rrve m\ Q \;\" vez.m.U\\' ~ in-, y:>l e \,)<I.ur ~ (me:.t:"\'(fn l"I~r- pa:f(od iqlAct.",~~

lN rdlZ fas'cm C.Ol'\til'\lle. D'ouhl:. ~ad- l~ ~~Ü~"'c. ~ ci obr.orph",

<z~1:- MI'" s.~ s: ~~,mf!. furq,. f\.Cl.n~ rhl'lfrn.i 9W. C'lZ.Ü r ti (d.(r~ 9,LU la ~etule. t'""fld' ~(\ct'":1ill. nti'cCl~!~re peur le. +crndîannct.rnenl- <z.s~ la c.ho..l<Z.u.r.

1.G .1_5~5tq-JTle, conf- l'nLl~Lq fi<jure (2) r<2p~,5<zntl ~c.~ez..lT\at=.'(1u<Z.IY\ct."~u.l'\ .s-is\etl'T\f: rc:.~h\'W. l'dt ri_

t('I'JlZ.ra~C1l'\ tJa.r r G 6 .l> Cfp h \Jl\ . lez. S~~tcrn.~ cz.~~ rC(J'l\dil:iU" dv: dfl.UJG t\u.ld~ 1

u~ o6sor banr cà l auh·"( ~r\ CJori <jf.'l\f. . t:" C.hru.l~{a"~ dawn u" ~Q.f\~ro\1ur

(bow:Hao.r) Ll.f\4f. ~o\ut;:<Tn C<tl'\çCl.,,~ri'Q: / l~ bh.v;de fi<jori5~ne: 9lAÀ s'(l,l'\ d~

e;:,cz. t~ ra.nd ,.dal\~ un (,lt'Y\da.nHlu.r {'q~old; 0\ !'o,ù CS\I.. ci \''Zo.u r aù. il Çc le_

'1UJ.fïet SOu.s s;a ?ro\'~ \)~~~i~. Du c.vY\da.1'\ ~Cl.UÂ ,\ r(:u~~ dal'\,s' \'C1.\tQ

pora~u.r o~ r\\ s« va~ori u: 42.'" CLrn~rulI\-a.nt da.lo. chalcz.u.t ~ CUA fY\\\icz.u.

a {V ~ns\dir. Puis le.. 3a~ fn5Dr\ 5~1\f. <zs\-- [Cab SOf b~' pGtt" l<l f\w:dL abur_

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(l.l"\ JCl.r'lua.\ c.'<l.~~ .uhe. le\1..l:;t; pcrn-.r cz da c.irc.uLa~:fll. ')Ul\t \a s.'fsta.rn.e

d Q:.lezc.'ho\ux c'eÙ l'h'ldr1)3~'ne.

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du ""ll\a"~u bil\o.Âf"u . Cas In~lal'\~a.' c.c""fra.r.I\~I\\-- \.ln "~o\va.1\~·' al u'"'"~u4_

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ri 'j<tt'l t. , Lon~ult. la hz."'t;(Q~rt du. l"I\<tla"~t s'<i.lciva, c.ed\ct Q~ini~~ d~In'_

nun"~ t~b~~ lez. t\UA:dct tfÏ~Cf'~~nlt dIA Soo\val\r.

Cl) H-aC.hll'Hl. ri ~Ofi ti9,uct ci a ~~or?l.i<rn. au. \"n>l'r\urrz. d Q. h \-hi Ufl\.

DaM caJ\c:z rnac.'c-.if\ll.,lq. pW:dcz \(i~l:)f~~"Q ast l'etau. a.\-l·ab"orbQ.t\~ lez. ~I"A"""

dlZ. lithil.l"". t\\Q. ClsJ lo.f"3Q.l"\lln\ r.lï\\\,~l[ pou.r rt.~lS\Idrt' d(lS ?C"Ob\ctll\u de. c._di_

hm,l'\\l"M,,,l d'air, oÙ ~\ SU.~i\- c\"C\\lOlr dq. \"<l.<lû. 0: UM. \lZ.m~"f"QhAn.. c:.o"'tni­

$'l Q,:l'\ht + ~ ~ <ll 1",0 C •

6) Hac.h'l\<Z. fn3on{i9u.~ Cl. aSst>4"'pli <Jf\. au thio<....~a"ar~ dez s.odiutl\.

baf\S c...a.\\c:z. ll\ac~in~ ,\a. \\u~d<l. ~ri~o{l~il'lt q~1:- rOMIM'f\lac.. <1J 1" a~torbo.l\~

lez ~ioc..'1ana~rt. dlZ. ~od,u."', C."<l.~~ tA" C1bs,Otbanr solcde ,

--_._--_.._-_.__ .••.... __..- _--------------_ .._----_._-----------,

La c.ombin.OÜ01.- ~ \-\1' Nq seN po.ss~c \' avanh:l~Œ.. cia. t'le. fo-$ n.ttc:.cz.", .... u'\

r-ediric.oJa.ur- pou.r- ~"-IJq.t\ir-lQ. tral\.l~«rl- d«. rdbsorbal\\- au c.of\dc.nu.u.r.

c:)Mac.hi'\rl ~i5o'i11qÛ.Q. ~ Qb~orrh~ au n\tro.\-.. de. h~~'u.M.

Pou.r utta. mac.tùl'\t. \ l Cl. PUA:dlZ. ~i9I)t\~G-". 4S~ \' orn.MlM.i CIe ca.t tabIccbClIll" \cl "itra

k da li~'nil1W\.. L:. c....O'Mbin.Qi~fl', t-.1\-\!' Li ~OJ a lUI cap lc-l~cifCr.MCz.n~ "-<li\\aUK"

~u. CA\IM-' du ~'f"~I'fl«- QWI~cm'ac:;.. clOU 1 SUd-bU~ '\10l.\r de ?Ghtt" c.hC1~&S'

d) Mac.hiMo ff\<jDri ~i qIU ~ db~orfL~ QU c.hloruft. dCl. C-Cl(c.iull\

k c.hlorun. d<l. c:.alc.iUM a.ù u~l"t/CO'MH abso('ba,,~ al roO\ftl.oniac cGbtrnc

Ç'luida. fr(c.30r\Cjcil'\.~. La. ~'1~I-a.m.Q. t-.l1-\3-~c\1. h<L l'\(lCasj,iü auc.u~ d\sr0s,i­

tif dtl ~~~Qr-ov:.'~ POUt \"Q\ia.r au ~",bl~tl\~ dCl. l'QnhQinc.""C&I\t dG joû."-leAa$

d'a6Sl:lr~Qn\- l\'~u"dez (Gt,ml) lort rdllla CjCl.l'\érat:.1lW dQ.s VQ~Q.urs d'OlMtofliat.

a.) Mac.hil\( tri~oriti9.11t ci o~sorphO"l\. QMf'fIOl'lioc. _ tZO\4

NO\4S C1VOf\~ c..hlT\~'\ C-2. ~\.{l~a:lnt., o~ \°cz.all ~ü l-ob'iorbanr /c.ar il fO'$~d.

Url b<h\ c..oP. l' Q ~fI'\Ol\i oc. o.s\- relU <:"Ou\t.wt. ~l a Urlll t«1f\sia-. dCl VQ~U.r­

~\Q.\I~ <l.~ ~·ab.s.orb(l fa(.,~\It.I"I\a.,,\- do.l\~ ~\U~iQurs ~ubd'UnlU. Dans l'CQU,

\. ~"'MOl\\o.c.. Q Urlc. 5fOndQ s.Qtu.bi~k'. Kai.~ rU ~~s~CZ:mt l\œcC&$~iJc un nac.h'

\\CA\uu.r ~our ruhl\'\ir lCL!> J0u.ija.,~ttQ,.c d'C'l.o.U 9lM s. /a."o.~O"-I'\\- lOH dcd4 itl~

rahtn\ de.c va\')cwn d' Cl.W\rl\Ol\iac..

CHAPlTREi.. -

2.1 PrinC!~e d<z basez. a.t ori<l.nl-ation da ra~ud~La moc,hil\/E. ~ qb~o('~h<l"t\ q.s~ U.MZ. Much'''lt Pll.f<2.MC.t)l- ",c1fTf\i~~ C'Q."l- à

dl~ C\lllt \<Z.t\~ilZ. '\(LC4Uo.\~ c::i \"Q.I\\-r1:t~Q.f\ du ?C"Oc..eu..ûs Q.,st- ÇO\lI"f\iQ. ;;;au.c

~orm.lZ. clet c.ha\(lu.r. LQ.. proc;.q.HU~ pQ.U\- Q.\-tt "l3'nhf\.~ IN. pq,riad..:~Ul.N18u.s

QVenu; c.hc\$~ let ç.,'f Uq. dq. nr.\f\ 'jQ.("Qc;cm far a6.so,?~ilSl\ \"\-q,,m& ~ ~tt, Cl.~nt­

dCO\I\~ 9u'"l (jJQ'~ ~u.~c..Il.pti6\Cl-(J<Z. biQX\ ~'Qdap\t.r ci \~ p<Z.n<!)dic.ï~ du

r-qj({'\naY'(\c.Y\\- solaire 1 sC\~S" ~c.()ut.ir ci dQ.$ Ct5Ql\fLS MObilu dQn~ t'n...

~QllQhcm.. En CL 9w c.~u.rc..a t~ ~'fl;hLMr. ~humod~f\a"i~w.1 on IQ 0rhi"

fout" t<z s'i !>hzwa qrnrnor\\ac. -~ 1 CA.f" ah~l\l- da. <:.clll.X 9W: ?rclScr.I\~~ lez.

Tnc.illa.lu· YCl.ndctl\'\c.l\r trl5or, ~i9U.~. En ez.~~a.t \cz ~lu.\de: ~("i'J0r;~ctr\.C:. k p\us

Îl"\d i 9 u'C. roux \a 0lÙf. ci C1b~or~hG1\. CLS\- l·a~ft'\Ol'\fQC.. CJu..i r0u..r l~.s rOl­

s>o", ~u~\ful'\htS; ~

q) l' ammoniac. <L~~ tr(l.~ ~clublt dans l'Clau a.\- ~ac..llCl.mU\\- f.64trablr. FrlQ c.halaur

b} c 'cz..s~ IJ,.hr. s.ubd·a~<JI ~rQ:;; c.~fY\Ul\ cz qJ- non tO'lt.iquQ.

c) \a l:ftUia'l\ df. vQ\=>cz.l1.r a..5~ ,~ tOllS \~S ~lu.(dCl.s; c.O'\"I\rnUl\S 1 la ~~ qk/

v~

d) \'ab~()(rt\·<tn. dan~ l'inkq· ffit..Jtl. eu.~ h~.t b<tl\nt 1 ~ut rC.<lWlm.~ CJdlr. d.,l'1lQal

Ltls cour~r.~ prcSS\<TY\ -- ~eYY\?HCùU~ V'\ ~{Jt\c.~'(N'\ (dt. \Q. c..CM(,ct"n-a~Q\'\ 0~""~

r<z.,,~ rdal\r p~~~lU tOtl.~ \lZ.~ h-Cl,b dt ~hq.rI'Y\Cld~"a~i~w <Il (dJ. rt~i<j"rQ

tien-. .

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s.

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COff\nu, Je\'\'\4[nr.s cle, c.h~~~a~ct ,~ Q ~nz..bi~' la. s c.o\\ac.~u.rs plQt\~1

lZ.~Q.,l- rd<rnt'\I:~ 9Ll' .\l~ ~crn~ .. dqja labri9u-u <:Lt'\ "(Ln~ ptlo.r d'0Al~ q~r\.-

c..q h «'n S (c.ha.u. (ba~Q. rd e, l' <zau. .

?our ,.0W\<:l.li0 ru- la. rltV\df.Mf.nl- 1 <rt\ u.~li .uro \J..h CU~o."~lZUr ae- pour ré.

c.u.~UU" lU\fl. ~arh-cz: dlZ la c.~Q.lq.u.r c.<mt<Lnu.a da"fO la Soolu.t1'crn QPrew. ..

vri (l.

2. 2. ~de ~hq.o!i.9~e de. ~'b~rahOl\ _r-ar o6sorp.h-0'\ inhLnn\t\~ti.

d<z lQ vap.cw.r

t, .._-_...._.,..". '

. .J

\i•

Ll " r ',' ~:"n" ,fI"

R

B

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Dascrip.tlon du c~cle

GsnsiduVl\s IQ. dir;posi~b sch(lm,Ù(s': ci \a ?Q~e pnzcltdcl\u czl ccrru\1tv..c:

par c\o,ta rClc.l~ic.i<1t)h A qJ BI n.h«.s peu d(l.OJ!, tu~Q.J.ik Qjan~ la ~on'''ct inai.

,\u.~e. 0,., inc.o"por2. Uhq. V'cU\Y\e ( f-obi"•.\-) V ez~ lU,\ n:.ct\·~(c.C1.hzlU'" dd'n'

r \A.'" rdas h~~ C-!lM\"f'\(l. indl9u.: su..r \e. sc.\'a.m.o..

SU\)~os<ms ~u· o.u. detbu~ du c...~d~

0) \cz rlZc.ir\ctn~ A c.<1'I'\~·q"nne ut\~ ~r:>lut\~ oml'\O"llac. - a.OJA. da.n~ lllS c.ndi_

/ l 1 /hems c..ofn.!>rn'\do.n~ au. ~lrÎn\- 1 du dla3ra.mmr. d'a.,\ui ,br'( '["e""~t.ra.hArt.

Pf(UlC'nJ; _ c.(Jl\c.Cl,I'\~rat;\·crns ( Ff3 1) à \l'n~ bl.mp~rau.~ t:-\ ~lln~rt\lCIMetl\l­

voiS\r\t: de l~ ~Q.l't\rctra.w..~ Clm6i anu.

b) 9UJ let ~C'plctnt e, (Çd'r\~'(5I\I\t. dll la vafeu.r Otr\Moniac. c;;, la hJ.f'I\~~roJ'U.rt

da.rt~rt~qrat:~ t~. Da~s (c:.«~ (c{jndi~0\4l~ lJapwr Q","",-onia.c::. sU"a ~~ri_

/ l' ,,-'SllJ\kt rOor la. pl1'ÏI'Ù du dlajffiMlrle prt~sian J-t.rt\pcraXürt.

o

, 1

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Otl\rnoniQc

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SÙppOS(]'l\~ C{lll Q'n OLL'V\) \a VQ\,\\'\.ct (ro6ind-) \J

0" c.ha..u\~e le réCir,tLnr AOn ~llTYl5~ le. nz..c.it:>ill.tlr B da..... u,,~ 5fU1\dt- l'\'\tUSt::

d' <Z.o.u Q' \0 hZMp~ratu~, l2,\

Let œ'c.iricz.n~ A \/0. ~O'nc~<N\"\r alor-s (CC1VY\rn.t b~\\UM' Q,r llZ. ~'piez.nl- ~

C<J\'W\1'I'\.1l. ,'c-O"t\d.~I\ ...w.r. La solu~'<!'V\ C..q'W\MeLI\O ~c\"r su~,r v.'t'\ ~a.u\~mV\1­

t.,)~nd(l"r 1cz.1Ul\ SQ. ?rodUÀ\" U"( \it>:ro..t:\:et'I\. d' ll\o\ rnt.\a~,je:. dJ. 1/a?f.1tK cfo",_

J'\'\CO'\IUC «1.\"- ~ a.r fM \0 m;:FY\J. 1 {-the. ~\w«.~''1Y\. cL ler tHt.,si(J'f\,..

0" ~u~pcru 9J.U \0: ~C.ti.·~·CAhlU'" $~~ClP- hJutR 1·(l.cUl. Gav\\'t~UJ. da", \Il. ",é_

laW\~ . L' 1l(U,. (1t\m.l"r'\ft o..~rl"o ro.u lT..c.\?'af\\- f\ t1- ~w.\t l~ \)(1Ff rd' Q.n\f\\O_

t\i CltC- ?CU'"\Jl <Lnr o..u. ~cA~\ a," ~, B.k pcr\l\\- fll?r:i(U\m~~ dcz \0 s.o\ut,;."", ~ ~?\ctu lez.. \U'\'\~ d~ la \l~n.e. creu;

Va.r ~ c.e:\ft 90,;. f()..f~ rill 1- ~u.~"u.' 0: Ge 9UJ. 6 ~ rt'-lô5,\(J'l\. o.."q,l~C\4l. \0. \1a\uar

fi 1 c.orl'tl)~lt't\dCl\"lt 0:. la. h:uf\~Cl.ra'W.rt. de. tC<rndq.l'\~o.~~t;.1n tr't ~Q.I'\'I~ 1Cl. pml\r f<Z.r ft. ~t."ro.h~ det \Cl. \.I(l~.w.r cl' aM ft\<f1\\ o.e, C-O'f\~w. CU\

E:> CA. ~,)O..fUl,.lru. la \ijn.t. 1'- 2' ~\.\.~9.u:' ~ CA.. ~-Û.' m o.\-\q.rj~~ <lA 21 la. ret.~-

Si~n d«. ~o.tura(;.~ ~ CO(ltI)fQ'r\do.Y\\- ci \0; œ.mp~ra.\A.t..tt. t:z.a rClr~r du. plril\r 2 1 a\on: 9l1J l' CLC.hOUb~Cl.tn\.Y\t- CO'I\ t'nov.. 1 la k~r;C'·o.~~

da ta s.o\u.~·CJY\. s' ~lt.Àrt. mcM~ 10. fr(.u.i<rf\. n-d:i c..~tl-Q.nti ( c.cr la vcx\>w.r

St. A,cmdq.l'\&< l.\'\ B o..u bUt 11t- o.' MUI.l" dez 'a tCf""Cll;:\t'r\. CL\- k PG\\'\" •S<Z..n l-a.t:\ cM S.Cl ~c lu.(;~ ~Q'.. d~l·)la.t.l la. l($Y\~ det \, IÜo6o.r~ '\~ PL. ~t.ll; ,.u.' o..l

o.\\tl.il\d~ \CL t>a\nt- 3

L(l. ~crin\-- r(l~r1i"U\tOÏ'~ dt, la va.~w.r so..ti~ o;'q.,~\-- f'1\o.i.nft.\'\"", cte\ 2'

.r-------.----.-...-.- .... ----.----.---------.----...~... ---.-..----._ 0 rv ces"'- dJ.. C.h rua. 'Ir" Î\ o...u. s.s i\1:l r \a tez mr~ roLa,l"( ~ aHq.i"Û

_ On ~Q.fmr: 4.n rnql'l'U hl.m~~ \lÀ Val'll\t V

_. 01'\ n\il'1e ~ da.-lCl \"r\<1Ut d'cz.o..v. r0u.r \'''l\t-odu4~ Q..\,\~u,;.ti

da.t\~ u.i'\~ c.'n(u·,'\6rt- ~re\cL a \0. kmp;to.Ù1~ t1.a ?o.rhr dcz <..t W\U'mCLl'\\- lQ 1 \0.. ~l)\u~·<.N\ O~pOJ..l\tc"'q. 9~ 'lZ. h·"\A>J~ <1." A c.c:rm_

\'r\ll.no r-o.. re.~mdA·r-, 0, a.'o~ol"bll.r \0.. Va?lLu.r d' aO\~<S'I\iac.. Cl} la \)l''tUill'r\ te~I'\a."'_

t. c..cn-t\IY\lU\ü Q. bo.ù.ut".IC\ Va.\:>Cl,ut d C\\'VI.\'Y\<.,'·nia.c. \JQ.f\a.'\\- dlZ. \3. d~~ \')cZ.l'\cihû­

ci \0 r-rhe. \r'\ \\l..r\'q.u.rt. d.<Z. A( (.(IYMI\(2. ~ll.r \Q. t,;,c..\-tI2.I'l'\a.) c..o..r CL ",'cu\- 9t.lCl, dJ

c.(l.\1'Q. ma.t\\~A 9U1 l' Cl.btorr:l~ern. ~q. poun.v.-'\-- 1 ~ta..,,\-- d(N\"C:- qUi \0 dCl.lui-

cci' dq. \~ ~olu.t\'U'I'\ di r'l'\11\\U eurt.c l a c;.c.rli\t~a..mfl,nr de lo. um~n\Tat\.~

Cu. ~u.r <Lr d 1h~u.rt ,"-,\!.J. la \:Jft.~~icrn 'oroue 1 s.'~l1a,?ort.. L:4ml'l\OTIia.c.. c.crt\dft."s~

nu cours; dll la \:,h<lU d~ <.~cm~~nw 1 ~LlÜ~q;u la \-t.ns;ÎUft dQ.~~ 50. vo-l

peut 1ci \a ~mr~roOCl~ "-. d<1.vio.or p\u.~ ÙIlI.tÛ ~w. ~o. ~~t:~iO\'\ f~51\Q."O.

L<t; rlZc..i?\af\~ A ~<fJ\c.\..'ll'rIl\~ Ma\t\~'\(U\.\- c..<JmYf\..t. a.b~ot'a<z.l1.r (.\"t..~~l\~ra\uu- dct la

$olu.t\·CJl\) CI\-- le nz.c.i\:>i <l.f\~ B (.(lWlm.~ l)JQ~C('-o.kJ.Lr d<t lu c.~a.~bl't. ~i:rf\~C{\U'

La ~ornt( pfi~1l ~o..t lu ~du dq.\o SQ\U~:(J\o\. qJ- rtio t'U"'lnft\i<lc. c.C'I\dlUlu'm_

l' 1.""-pQ'.J.:'v<1.m(l,Q\" du rl1\l'\r S 0l.I ~~I\~ 1.. <LI, d.u. ~<rif\t s a.u ~a\n\- 1 dcz.pGMl du

to..we. dit. ~\fcs\di"$rLm.ct,Ù d.<l. \0 s.olu.Ç.'<Sf\ O~r(l,u..\J('"I~ 9u.i (t\l'l\d.\t\c:rnl\~ la. \J,_hIsse. iY\i~a.\.t d' <1bSOfrh6'Y\. deI 1 G.\'t\ff\(5"(\i<lt..

QUQ,,,,d l", ~c\u't;;.'<N\. 0PPo.,.,)ff\Q; Q.st- ~bn;-;di« rd,~'d<Lmcz."~ dll'C\~'o. la.

hl.fw\r~ta.Ui~ Cf ::. ti ,ril ~'l- ~1roq,"",\-- da.Y\~ u.ne. ~rt.l\'\iel't- rho.SI.,\Af\ft ah_

sor~~<3l\ rQ~idez. dQ. Va.PCLt1r d ammiMÎ at. CLf- \')o.r c-OV\scr..qu.a.rd- ci5a.~(L""~I\'" un.1t.

~"Q?or<lt;;.·l1't\ ra~idJ. dq t'QMM()\'\'C1C- c.trt\dQ.",,; .

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ainsi \0 c~a\aur Y\(H..Q.I.<;'G.4~ ci \'dva?orat;.·O'"f\, d e, \'a.l'Y\M(J'f\\~C. va â~ r<J~i.

t~~ cl ct \' 0. ",mimi o.c li'\W: d ~ loi _mqlW\ll. ,lQ.qo..cz.l su b i ~ u.t\ ro.,rnd\ ... t (tl"l\ ltnt- ad,a

bahqw 1 ?\AAS~u.'''\ h<L ~~d\\' ~as reL c::.\\a\q.W"' dcz. \, C1'dttl\l.lU'".

Ccz.\\-(L. ?nmia.~ \)hul;.( det. ITbrodù;r<z.metnr ~4Z. ttTl'l\in.e. q,ua'l\d, lex "olu.~<M.

a~q.l"dta la ~\"t\\)~ra.\Uf1'- tt, c.Q ~ ~<L \Jrod,-,-,\- Ou poin\- 4.

tY\trt, hz.M~~ \a. ?lt\f\~ rtl.rro..~Q.hh.1.t\t d'l, 10 VO?Q:.\U' d' o..rM'f\~ie,c Q ~Q:rc..ollN.

10. \i'~"4Z. 3/ - 4/. 0" pC1.u.\- t-hlZ.ori ,\u.~M.~"\- admQ.\t~ 9W ~/ - 4' ar\JQ.t­

h"cz.nr à \a c.ourblZ d<z- sahuo.""(fV\. dcz.. l'OMM<rni<tc.

Co. ~~ ft-\l\<1.f\r ci o.drn.<t~~ 9\.19 tuY\,t ~ \'ab~r~h'd1\. q~ 1·a.va~oro.~<SV\. de.

l'Qn\""rniac. ~<Z ~roduü(U\~ cinM i'Gs c-t:I'f\dih<!'l\.1: d'q.C\u;.l\brt...

Q parht du. \')cril'\~ 4 [Q hz.l'\'\r~ro.ru.rt. d~ la ~o\u~(fY\ dltv\'q,n\- c.(ft\th!.n to 1

\'Q\'sOrrh<m. da. \'QrnmlfY\iac s,<l. pou,n~i~ <trr~ rc.ll't'\t~~u.c."rlcz. ?cri,,~nz.~

~~Ci.(U\\-o.~'f d<t ta $,clu.l:\"\l"1\. \')arGOu.rr 1'\~ol-4\(l.rmt 4-1

Dcz ~(fY\ ÛlU \<Z ~erif\\- rQ.~~t:l.lùnk:~ dez la \tQ~ezu.r cf O,M""trI\,'aC ~a.,..c..ouC"l-lQ

l\jnll. 4'.- l' Sl~U.tl.tl. $ut' la c.cu.rb~ der. ~o..h)"rn~<rt\. dlZ. \"aMlW\CY\iac:..

al\. GOIAU dcz. GQ.t{1Z d(l,c-n((].~ \'Jha.sll ,~ 1'(\1l~U.11. qUI i Q.W\~lrr\io..c.. s.'~\to~o....

Sa. ?~~\<m. aJ po.r c;.crns~~lJ.q,"'l-' aAA~si so rq,mpctra.w.rt. ~'(J.la.\l't,I'\t-. Cz. C\~ ln",_

ln. 9lUl. ta. c..hut CLU,t n~_U2."!i.oÀft: ~ c.hou\\a~ a} 0- \. <1va~o('o~'«'r\. <LÙ rdi~Cl.

du. fl'\i\\<l.u <U..nzrÙLu.r <"lS'f\tra.'rt':l'I'\t,f\\- Q O'l~~ CH\\to.À\- aM CA.'W't d,la

?f'.""( <t~. r) ha u ,d4 A..\rn dl"~ l'ü\'\'l.\'\r. C '(là dCll\c.. 0»- ~1 da. <..Q.~& ~

c.etl\d..t fhau 9lA.l ~<l_ ff'Odtùr lf a.«a.r r(l.rr''j<Lro.W\~ u.~l~.

..._----_..__...-_._.... _-_....__._---------------1

e.----·--··-·----·- ..-_ -..--.-.. -_ ---..__ ----- ----..--.--.------.---

CHAPITRE .3

3--1 _Da:scri phon $oft'\m.airl'l da \. un, hl. f!i<j9.!ifiE:\~~ al d~ son ~t\dion.~.Cft\Cl\t

L' În.d-aÎlah aTI. c..ort\prt.l\d a.~s.'Z"t;.:u.Ilcz.W\<1"r:

_un ~3ci"C::r-uhz.ur (a) ou ob SOrbCllA.r

_Un q,c.hal'\(3'~'UJ" dq. c.ho.t~e.u- Ch) c..(M~h~': de c1eWl ~~Q.~ concQ.f\~ti<tU.~'

~\J.n c..o\\ed~u.r ~o\o...:rt ~Ja.\'\ (6) ~ \a so\uKUY\. Q.Ù c.\\ewff:1;t

_ 0.\'\ bOW.\\CLl.I.f ( c.) ov. c:J~tI~rnlt.U.f" La. so\u.h cm.. chC\UH~'~ trov«.n.Q.n~ dIA. c.oU~c.

tlJ.\1f' to!oùt ~ \i6~rfl. UY\ ft\Q.!al'\j" èet. VC~<l.u.r c::!,QI'l'\h\O"'io.c... q,~ o." Vcz.u c1({ Va.

po.ur rd ao.u.

~u~ ~c.\:'~\Ulhw.r (d) q~ rr.h.~ la p\l.l~ 5rancU ~ar~'(Z dcttCAva.~a.u.rd·v.w.

<Z.x.ïs'ra."rll. do.W\t 1 Cf: m~\Q1'\J(l"

_UI'\ c.(!'Y\dQ. ... ,~W' (cz..). LC\. VQp«.UX" nl..c..t:.·t·:~ s.'y ccmda.Me

_u.t\ <l-VO?or-o.\-q.ur if). L' (\Y1\"'I!"'o..c. c.ond(l.n!>~ ~ o:t1\- r·(Zc.ua.i\\~

1 L'a.varorahlU(' a.sJ (ClJ'rlt~M4 da~t \0 c..~a.m6~ F dt C5) cW. ~~ h-oWltir\t-la

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Q(;. :: (~4 -~ _0.034) 13.2 +- (1.034) 434.'l - ~4 x ~q. 44-

QG::; ~A.f.. ~3 kaJ.1~ - 'b9) kGai t~

8) Ca\c.ul dcz. Lz.~(].~ ~\f"i5~ra"t: ,S,; <2.\(0- r<t tf'Ï 5Cl ra n\- r<UlI-~1n ~\u.~' "PClr

u.n bila" d<Z, ma~~1Z. d q~Il\Of\i(H or la. L~Qn rd'ltni.f5lC2. au.rour Jet.~" von ,

\'\Cl. rd' <l.X\")a.l\~\Ol'\ a.\- rck. \' C:vcl~Orak.ur,

~k,j dei. N\-\3 a. Pc. -= At~q a~1"I\ Tc. =- ;30'c 'Xf(<:.)::. 0.(\'10

hf (C) : I\b't 2~ kLclj k:J

Si \J ~\'- lez. ~(Jùh reL ta vo')~r dL coV\cllnrraÇ;:01I. ~(E) =- o.sss 9.tM.ItQn~

\·ci,vQPora.hur pat" ~ d~ N\\ tourni 1 \'cz.ou r<Z.t\-o,,,t" Q.~\- ~QlU, ~tft'\~ (cio.

\i"U.id~ S.Q~\Jf'~fL d cU\'\fnoniac.. ~ P:: :2...'\ a~ft'\ T":. _10'c q} Xf(E):O.qao

'Xf(L) - P'X5(E.)

o. q'lO -= o. t\Glq P -=\> P -= O.Q1o

dQ~ Orczf :: ph~(E) - hf (C)

Qr~ ::: O.q,! '1- :,cH.16 _ ~oq .lt-=. 2'1C>. i3 ~uJl~

-_.._._-~-_.

4') \ etn~hal ?'Il- d ... lQ .sotuh"(f1\ FUn.- d~c.ha~ dans- Iq.c'nal'\? dJ

c:.ha.\u..u- fw1 tJ~ c:Ld~A\"I\inu pa. r ..un bIlan d'QnH~\l!: au.rou.r rdJ. c...ttc.

Uni~'; . 0" q n ~ cL s.o\u.~~<1Y\ ric.hc. ~ hfC A) (l.\-( n _ \) ~ dt ~o\~~

paù..uu rd h-r( &) ~~ Cl.n~nl.n~ 1 <Lt ,,~ do !j;o\u~'<T't\ r\<.I,..~ à ht (~\ (fJ

(,,-~) ~ cL so\u.~<m \>allW .; ht(~~ 9.uÀ ~of~a.n\-.

n ~ d~ ~d.uhC'l'\ ric.hf. "'-"'1

(~ ~\{ ex)

(n-i)~ dt<" !>oluliOlfQu,r1'

~ ht(b) .r::====:r-.tJh_~)~<L.,oh.llin~~ ci h~(Y}

hk, dt Stl\u.hrt\

rida o.' hf(A)

nh{(~l ~(~-~\hVG) _. ~h{-(\(l-(l\-I\)hf(Y)

hr(y! = Il ~ U~) + _tI • (h (U\) _ ~ ( (K) )"\ \ t'\-1 l ,

h~ (,'I) ::: 13. '1 + _:1 4 .• (,o{! .Cl 2 _ 3'1. 44) =-14 -1 '

.:;:') Dans \.ab.s()fbwf , \ a ~D\U h: Q"rI, ~au.\''\J rcz.{mdlC2. a;~1;- rt\l1tC1"~~ aVlc. \fZ.r

vQ.~wrs ~rt>\dCl .v d.. t <..l l'Y>lt' 011 (:1.( \J'l'\Q"~ cL \' ~a.rora.kur- ( \0. nvi\- ra.Ll ceurs,1

d~ \c~ rCljQ Mf at\·(l'r\.). tcr <..\-..o.\lUr etr\\Q~ q.'.\-' <'"...l. di ~~ft:nLo- df:s, <lt,thClt~i( 1

Q(f\\ = !J h3(E) -\-(h-\) b'f(X) - l\h t( A)G>~) ~ Q.q'1)1. ~ql.fl<' -+ (f4-1) 3Q.44 _ A4)( A3.CiL

I~ (p..\ - ~q'l. ~4 k.c.a.\ j (~3

/ VOl r'.

~c\."lq.mQ ~ü<\~ ~U""\lU.l'\~~\ C

'UJrUlF" S4\-u~ (Ll \ ql- PE.

(n_')~ (cL ~o\uh'_

. Dans \~ r~~I\~tQ~,1\ 'fa... ~

ab,orr$;la <i bats. ?f<U i m-

a Cl \' Qhlll\••U·cu. VllrlC~I\I-,-cl.-. l'q.va.~oro.kur 1Lf- dA \ Cl s.olu ..t\ U'f\ .00. l.LUla •

W'\~ cL ~Jll\i" ridwà TA

ç~ \rz. c.ITl\Jq.I\~UH .. ra.c.\;.'t·<..ah,ur {(l.i-q\~ ( ~ +0.) kj d... va~w.r ci hj ( <J \: 434.vk-al'3Q.~(d~c.na.r~ J\k.J d" Va\:>wr t,H1

39.UA: q~~ (CQ"I\dtnu" ~ ht(t.)::\()q.1.qbtl~

Q~ R~ d. 5c\uhrn rC1.LUfU cho.ud..t ~ ht(<5) c:: 13. '2 b.-<Jl\kdLa c'na,\w.r (l.n\c.II~; 'là \a rd\ ~.Q.rrtT\c::.. dH <.1l\t\-.a\?icz:s..

Oc.. z: (~~ÇL)h5(sl - hf((.J - R.hf(CT)

'Qc.. = (-{ +0.034))( 4~4. t - Aoq. 2~ _ 0.054.)(.'13.2.

Oc = s~1. 9, \cc.a\ I~.

~htr.5i~ CfLCiu

Pel l' \' ~bsorblU.r b'i'7. \ 4-

0_ Q \·wo~o(.().l.tur(~'" n+-\jUQn~) ~__~~~.~-112.0.\?>

d ~Qf~ \tl. f(~~ 9,u t"f\ r 0 WT\fT\dÎ \c 'l.uCl.l'\h~ cit Gholtur d.bIorb~ <iu ~~fI~ra.\u..r

i\ ,,'0.. 9\.U t~~ \~~ \,Ja\wn crnt ~~~ \ll(l~ dah'> lU\ :~fo.\)h;~UL. VL ,\lk ".~\- p«.o

d ~ \ ;9UGl'\ )nQ.1lU ,rc.~ '\1r<lCIr.

(\

COP ::: l,V et(f.l: f~ ~..,. •__._.__

Q ~l ni Il l.I.J.> ~ ".r uw.ur

L(L ~~ (t!,.~ ,G.U..lp tub!.J ~C\.I.( ..u'l'\~ vnaLhl nt

270. \3

v'.s-tl~~H ~'\l~J,O r Û.

------_._-

CHAPITRE 4

4.1 ,\!o\ulT\e u~ile cd" C?~c.it~.fti3or\fi~ll.(t de. \0 bO'l~CZ: f.ro'd~

L lJo\\1.M,Il. d~ \'Q;I'\W"~ ~<ri3o ..i~q\.lQ., d<. ?cJ-\h~ c.0rac.in: a ~ht~ c.hC)i!o.i~ d.cz

rnQni <z.r~ c.: ~u.n'li r Lu; ~a. t.l 1'\Cl c.e. ~ScUr~ ~o\.lr ~ro ctUÀrt. lo~ dc:z ê)\ac.c. ?a.r ~ou.r

.r (l.l\.to\oil\CH'\ctl\l- ll.~ d' cw.~ \)o'f~ ~OU.f \o~ \cr. ~'t~I'-2.lT\1Z. d' wa~oro.~CfW\.. dCl.

l' Of\"l""o\'\\ac.. Pou.r d<Z.~ clima.l'\..s.lG'nS; '\V\t-cz.ria.W1/..~ dG'. 5Oc.cn.w.,mCon\)( 400 Con\.

4.1.1 tSOL.AT\OtS

Q - UAL\l~ U =- COIl~·c-ie.l'\\- ~\o60-l dQ.. ~rQ"~mi~s.i"" dcz. c.~al(U((kc..o.t/hr.*'lè:\

Ca. c..oa~e.-(~I\\-- kuJ C.Of\'\fk. c1cz.s c.o<.~c...\(."h dcz <...o\'\vcu.~1m «.l.- d~ c..onc\u.c.t;:~

A -;;:; Sur~Clc-ll. ci- ~GhaY\5~ ( tri?.)

IlT :: (T(j.Y.t _ T1n~ )

L(t \l\ll'i. cl' a;c."'-a\\ () dcr. c.I,..n.\czm va. dL\)~"Idf't dlL la. n.o..\un. des ~a.rtù CZI\ l't~ar({,

S, On u.~·I\\·r.l2. u\'\.< i ~do.Ç\·tf'I\ d~ ~ C.M dl' l,Il.%, ccr-.lt.I\U dc\\'\S W'\C. pam ll'\..a_

'"lZ.Llnt. cü CLI(ktlQ,llre. dq,. ~~ Jo\Vo."i :.;~ 1'\' o\~r(\l\~ o..u.c.\I.'I.~ ft.t\,s6I\tJ nom'd..s!

o..u \-('0..\,\1 ~\~ ,.-cL ch0.\ w..... a\ms,

+ -1~

U =:----_._---~. ,,-- ..- ---_ .. - .._._ .•._-.•.._.._.-......

Q..

"'------.--------- ..-. _···-··-------·------···------------ OJ

..1

'-------_.__._-------_._,-------.._--------_....---------.---------------------,

(yv. hi. ::- COcz.~-cAlIt."\-- d(Z. h--a.t\~m\\1'cm d<Z. ~u.r \o..c:.~ ihl't-\ne.

he. =' COQ.~V\·q..1')1- d e, t(Q.l\s""nian d~ Sour 'a.c.«. t.l(~1\1l

Cl :0 ~~Httlr dez. \q Fm \~O\Q"h.

À ::- Ccrndu.c..C-:vi\-r.· \-hŒr\'l'\i~l.lfl dit \' \'s;o\al'\~

la. s c.a.rad~rüLqu.u du \i cz.~~ czx.tjQl'\~; pu..r ~11'Y\\- \cz" ~\A.';\lQI'\~";

ka.~~~ \/o\umi ,\u-t. ~ = ,Bo @ -140 ~/""!.

CO<:LrrC(;\~n\.. dt. c<n\dlll.t:\bi\..\~ ~ = a.C)~k.c.o1/",th'c

R(l.~\~\-o..M..e .: \'dc.rau.tMz,I'\\- : 2. 2 da~1 CfY\'l..

t" \'\~~\\~«l.I\~ \~~ tll:~(~\ohc..llli. th<Z.rrni "u,q., d~ ~U{ ~a.c.ll. hU __ 1 __ ~ __ 0.01 r 0 r \/1 't •= .4. ~ ~ k:.c.a " .Y\'I. c.

'Y'-1 e. 0.0 t

Sur{a.c..t. d' d'c...ka.\'\5Cl 0",-' c..or.~\ ~ \~ ~ur~au. tklttn:Q.u~ to\--o.\e., 1c\~

A -=- 4 (40Q)(.g)) + 2 (m)C..,ro) -= 2soùoc.ft\'L:= 2.Sml

Poux "U.\'\f. t-<Z.O'\?~roJ.ürc. ,,,tt.n"lL~ dl2 _AO°c. a.t-.1.l/W\«. ~l\'\~raJü.~ <t.~krÙUL

r\ -lU.r"ch ~ Sb G ('hL'" r({.rdIü.~ R\O~ lUW) cm ob~U\~ UY\(. ~tN3lob~\e dL.:

Qi - UA~i :: a.4~\b\/hM'l°C'( 2.r~7.x.(~r_t\o))·c.

Q., - 4Q. 2'1~ k.c.o.t/h~I s o.n StÙ~ 9.1U Qa ~u.ti 8\SU.tl\o\'ù-n lZ-~\--,d.l ~

Q1 = 4Q. 1'l~ b ..al/ h y, 24 h. ::: -1.'\ ~2. ~ k.c.oJ.j ~oc.u--

41. 2 t=f~8Q{'icz.s nQ'.c.Q,ssaÙll.~.f.0~!...1? produc.Jiltt\ d~ lOkj dCL.9\ac.~

La c.~a.\C2..ur 9~ dJI.n.o,;J ~m:- Cl.n\«."i"<l pour \C\ produ.c.\lfl\. dtt l~ 5la(..~ dC.t*dcb.~

te) L:~ <-holtur aI'\Lv.t~ \Jour ~"' du.:rJ rq{nridir \' ez..QM q' O· C.

...-----------_._-_._---.-------

2.') \q c..ha..\Q.w" \ah2.nLt da. fu~\on.

31 l", cha.\Ul{' (J.n\Q.v~ ~our ~t-nsidir la <j\a.c.rL ~ _ toc,

4') las; ~t.rk-- reL. c~a.\w.r pa.r rQd\a~(J'l'I. .

• c.ha.lwr \,\(LC~a.t..rt four ~Q..c.~ \Q ~l'l\\)troJii..~ du. la <j\ac.r. d" _\Ole. a. o'c

:::. Poi d s dcz. la 5lac.It '(. c.hcÙttl,f .$;.rqcA~-1111 \(. vqtla~'lI'n dlZ.la ~"'~r-aN~

= "Yr\- ~ liT ~ Ci :: c,\a.\wr s~e-.: ~~\J..( dt \a ~\ClU :: o.~4 b:,o.1:~ le

::'. 1\0 xO.Q> 4 ( 0 - i: loI ) = $0.4 k-co..t

• c.~Q.\w.r 1'\ll.~<Ù~ ~OlU" \O'fI.dxt la ;jto..u rU o°c.

::. Plrid~ dl \0. ~au x. c~a\tLlr la.ku.ti cL tU.~i~

= "0)(. tu kc.al/ IGd - '!OO \t.Ct&

~ ku! 1~ Q.\-o..h\.- la. c-ha.\w.r \a.\t~ti d..t ~ùan d.t. ~ ~a.c.o"

.c..hG\.\t.UK y\q(.ltHcù.~ four c..~o.AJ\{tJ !·CZClJ.l d.t o· à. 2~OC(t-CU'l\~tro.\urtft\0"ttl\llol)

= PlS\'d~ cL lQ<.W. x cha.\wr 5P;cA~·9.uJ x \)a.r(oJ;CI'r\ dt ~rl\~rcwu~

':: 1\\("_ l/.l1TItl(.W.

-:= Ao ILà x ~ keol/lc.j •C x ( 2 ~• a) _ 2 Sb kc.cJ.

d ~ J.l\'\~ c\~?tn\,l ~G'clrl\cJÀt~ dl

~1 '!1.. '" -+ $0,4 + ~()O + 2SD -- 22'i 3 ~cd.!r: == 22~~ ~\~Ir~" t} a~ou\o."~ 207... do. tuko duL. ((un. ("Qd-\o..,tÎ\(l·M (rtll\<M""""'t.nl--)

La rd :~~"~ ~our t\ o..t.: t!"-- «~r- a.t~\.c; (cL 2'1 3e:t. b hi~1io"'r-Peur ..un --\ft ~-~n3;ro"\-- u.\;'\~ (ct. 2.10. t3 t:.uJ r~ 1 ~\ ~dfO) '\>olAf {aiRfac.e ~ .A.1\'\C. dez..\Jln ... ~·ouxno.\it{''e rch '2'l3C\. f, hi~/60u~ 1 \J~h,·w.\tr:

'2.'13~. , = AD.~\ ~ d~ NH! 1 \ou.r = -11~ dt ~~3/ 6°ur'1'10. 9,~ 0

[k" c..c"c.~l'\lTa~~ \t\i l;"oll d.J.lc.. 'Qe>ll.lh<M. ~CUl\lrè) ri~"lt O.42.~ cÙ pt\o.\c d.. 1a

~-------- -'--.._--.-. --. ------------_.-..._-----------,------_., -------------

.-------,--------,------------------,-

__~ HL ,_ __ ~ o.4 '2.0

NH3 + Hz.D

NH. - 10.""

t-U\~ - \0 .•\'\ + \-\'1.0= D. ~"'b

H2.() =- __li.,.ill _

To~\: ~43. 31 ~~ d~ ~olu.t;:O\.

On flU\d -\ SU"~ d<l. ~c>\u~'crn ~ 5 s: k~ d<L NH3 al ~ ~ ~ cr ez.cw •

4.2 Cqlc.u\ du con.d<ln.sa.ur

J..o. 9,.uu"I;;~ cL c..\o-.o.\w.r ~ ~\\W'I\il'\U" CU\. ni\l~o.u du C1J\'\c:laWlr fOlM ~~"

cL t--H'i 3 ~r"i 0: \·~.vopon:ùw.t. a.~\-- da. ~ Qc :: 331.~\c.c.c..n/L:.Œ

1a rfU i 0 d.t dt ~ l\;X CAl;.: U't\. ~S} '\JCÜ t C. <3rn m.t iô'* 0. 4'"Ulft4 ~ th~ \0 r s '\w.

\a. l"CM\<1'I"\t\t.tr.U\\- solcùrt. <Lli.\- o.' rHl"" mo.x.\m.u.tn. Par c.on~Il.,\u.t"'\- to. ~m.p" dl

cm'\dt.''''a.~·(J\'\. <2J-- dl nridin.fl'l'\ll\\- ezà aussi cL 4hwft4

aiT\~; ?OUt L""a~1.lJ hUltT_ <fY\ dlti\- \I~hIUl\""':

-11/4:: 2.'lr-lc.j {h d9.. N\i~/

a. ~ 1G\ c,~ Q \ tI.lr h> ~n.R.. (Â li\ ~ l\'\; M.r o..u c, cmd.l f\ ,,"u.r ~ G\H' ~ hlU.~ ClSt.\-- cL

Qc.:: 33'1. ~ Lc.allk.j 'l( 2.'lSks/h ::. Q21.Q,k.eA1/h

t.~W\.l- dllYl"~ 10.. 9.ua"lo~ da. cJ..{\\w.r ~ ~lim;l"\U' au (,l1'f\Oa.hÇl.UJ" f 13\'\ ,'~d

~ u.'t\4t :>\)..,"\OÛ d·Cl.c:.\.-.~ r'l.lah\Jq.ft\w.~ \l'Y\?odnY\ht..On o, ch,i",~ u..n t..0'ldIM

~ w.r c~ Il( 0J..l- OJ.)U. U Y\.A c, C7'I\. \l <Lc,~.U\'\ '"a hJ. ft1\ct •

la m.a.x.i\"f\l.lJn.. dCl. c\.>.o\lJur da.lG\ vC.\~r SUfC.'no..u~ ci.l'ezCMl dJ. rrfmd\~­

't.\'Y\U\\-. LQ:t c!<Z.Ult Pu..:dt.t lQV\~ ;fl.\>(U~ par U\'\e. \:lam rna~\tlqlU Q)J.~

vo.rs dt la.9wJ1t s.m~ h-CHU rC'l~i \~S c:.a.loriq.c~ t\w;dt \q, p\lJtl c.hlUld.

o.u tlUA:d.t \ez plLl~ \md..

On d~~ Ornu\u \0 ~Y'l\ ?tfo.\u~ dlZ \a vaFt N H3 GO. c.c.\le u>rn::'i;rmdo.l\\­

ci ta kY\'\\~ \~tt.u'C/'l\. de ~oJM.ra~(f\'I...o-, ad"".} q.w. \c. (,ha\t51Z.~q,,,'" cta.l-o.r

Q. \lUJ.. a. ?rt.~si!l'\ c.<rn~I:o.\'\~.

L<L <-<rnd.eI\Ull.t et~1- ~tm~ ~o..r oUJH r~~,,"\ffl.. d'cz.o.u V\<M fQ.l'\QU\tltlab\.t pl__

c.{, da\'lc;. M."'~ <:..l..UTfl.., c.lJY\ttnont det hAbes ( s.~")q,nh,,") a.V\.-ov.\~t "' ~~\_

ra.\lt do."s; Icu:C\.u.J.., C.\f"W.\lZ la vapw.t Cl\"f\MoV\\a.c..etll. La. c:.~ eu\- ?fb\l­

~/l.e c.(!'/\h-t ~'acl~m dv. r<Ut<JY\"l.II'\tf\\- ~~\c4rt to"{ lUI. \'U\1~kMM\'" c.<rnVe ....a.

6\(l.. CCl rq,I1(L~mU\\- dwa.n\- \')~flntl\rt. l<l rt.fmdi"U"\'Mnr \'\CC.hA.fr\(' d.. l'cto.u.

\<l ~yt~ ~\~3 "'Q. \\q.w~q da.\"\ s. t<L. c.d"t\dt.n~Ulr s eo,s .llnc- \')~tsl<h\ i~o..\fj Q.

la ~(1\'H\tN\ dez. IJOpLUt du N\-\3 Q \G\ tQ.\"f\~~t"hu't ~~f\a.I\\o- da.,,~ \'arpo.weil

lac;; ~lK\Hnhnr ~()ur ~H3 ~d'n\- (UI. h...b~ dq UAl\T\At dl: 20/24 ~«\~ 2.",,,,,1

d' CL 'pQi!.\w.r-.

1a ~l"t\?lr,Ohm da. l <lG\J.i dt rt,n\d\' ~<;..,mu\~ r\.(~ de)\- ~o..~ àa\,QM..U- ~S'0 c.

4. 2-1 d(dCl.f'm,na~l~ du <:::2SftÙ.'CLO\- d' ~c.~~~~\o6al

Q :: UAflT

~ Q -=- ~~aJ'\\;.~ dq, c..ho..\ULr U'.dez:-ll a. \'qOLl da. rt.tmdi~U"'&"~'

U :: CO~~cAq.,,\. d ~C,ho.l\~ :} \0ba.\ QJ\m \cz.ç, dqUol' f\\Md~s.

A - la ~u.r\ac..a ~\b..\q d' ci.c.~(Jl.,,(r' <l.f\m b dClùIC Pu.'c1ctL

--------------_..__._--_._-------_...---------_.-

rt~ " 5\060.\ U ez.s\ dl!l\n;,,0 Q, ~l-V\ql'\~ d' <Z.<"hG.n(f ~a.r

-L 1 " di Cl. L- + - - + 0'\'-

U h h' deL ~

h =- C')q. {f\'-il1.f'\ .... dq In:tMff\~ n\~ dlZ. \0.. Vcl\'llUr a' ta pam1 1 = ( \n. COtt~·CJ\q,.l'\r dcz. l'TaMY'I\iuif"'l. de%. l'cz.OJ,l ci a. pam.

di ~J- dfl : dial'\'\t.n-tJ) '\"krill-l4ft Q,J- ~l(.~rÙ.urt:. da:~ o:.upenh'M

tZ - ~ pOÀ s s lUr dlZ. 't ~Q.r~Cl.f)h~

.1. :::. C<Mduc.ti:v\k ~ llt ml qUJ du rna.\t..rÙN.l_ d<rn\- ~(J\'\~ c..crl\~~i. 'ru.~ ks "~M,

MCM'.t U dczpvnd dq 'na.OJ,l.CQU~ cl f 1ac.~ur~ 9,w- "Cl. ~'~ll~l'\\- ~a.~ ra.trn; las

d~l\vz.s CUl Y\<rMb" d(J;~C:VJ.l.1,., <M ~w\- <..\~: lez. h ~b re dlZ \.tJrP""\ù'J) lIeu vi­

hz...~ du Jo.~ . \Cl dctbi \- 1 IQ ~ o~."':~ (l.\-c. -.. Ca. ~u.i l'l:_nd la d~\c.r""I\A_

h: l:tr\ rd, U -ra.ft.·<..ul.\utll'\tn~ di\r-"'\~.

On ~v dUT\<.. l'drl1 Qrrro\(-i:O'\a.~\!YII1 pour ~ro~ ur. ord~ dCL :3ra~d.wr de.

Ll rQÀ~ertI"Q.b\fl. ro..r Q'f\o..tp~;fl. c:u..~..c. d~s Q.r~a.rez.;l, da.~o. (C.C1l\~~t:; Cl.h·d~'"

l 1/ t./ t /as 'r<Lr_~ma.\'\c.t~ <m\- a.\-~ "-.Hl.\l<ZQ':.r aJ- ana ~ Hill •

• 1-<2a..u. du. c.m-.,dll."t~ a.h:~n\.- ~\-Q~"o."'bz (hO'Y\ q5i~) <Z.l- danc; Ul\~ C.lL\MZ

t(Lrm:~ \ Il[ c,oQ..frc..('lr'l~ d~ h-al'\str\is:.s;i\tC\ dez.. \q,ew ci. \0 \';)am ~Q.ra. ~b\c..

Datls \a \i\·h.ro.tu.1"V 5><lT\ orC!~ d~ :r"l'\dUil- rL~J cl(l hl=- 9!' b:al/hr l'r\' Oc .

• \0 VD.pUU a ""tr\o"'oc.ale s~ c.onc!t"~al\\- da.\'\~- tCl~ \ubas imMl~ dCll\S;

\'aew. O'He.. un (C()t~'CAlrn~ der ho.~\s.rn\H;Uh. ~ tf"a.VQ.tl \0 ~ann. det l'ordrt

de : h ':::- ~qçkc.o..lfhl m Qc.

"'--------------_._---- -----_ .. _---------.._----------------

r

1--U

=

Cq..t ord.rrt dcz- ~m.nd'll.r det U 4'l.s.r ro.c.c.tptttblcz pou.r- rdclS CfT\dez.",us.n. \m_

vncz-c~;s 1 corMY\lt l \r-di,\l.U lo; liH~a\uft,.

4.2.2. dcla.rM'nahuY\. d<Z.. la ~\.lr.tQccz: d·~c.hClY\3~

A =- Q_.~ Q.\Jt.c. ~T~ = 2~. ~4 1:1 cUà1~

A

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CHAPlTRE 5

ÜUdlZ HuwÙq1de da l'm,~olateur 50[QWZ:

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su au. 1't\<t\'U JJ.r\CZ vit" 1 ~ <nI-- Clsto"t:\Lllt. pOUf rcrttr \'t.(fd-rdt. 'à.lrrt. e:t~

~ ~~CL l« c..a.pku.r ~Yanc."~ & ~viU ain~~ \0 d~~~\(nat\"m d la ?\U(fl ~l!:.

l: $;0\Q~t. Lor~9.uI (1f\ \J (lU.\-' o6~~nir d<L~ ~M rHo-tu~ a.1'\\Jirm ~5a\u ci. \oo"c

;\ ltJ>~ ~cUhaib6l(l J\abkni~ d'uLtw- 2 vih~,.

La -\-ô\q, ab~orbfl. CPG\ lors9u'uu cu.\-~unTlvntr'e,..o... 2.vihtn.PInl1't\~ rI:, 2p"- 0 .O~ bQ(.\-tur 5loba.\ df r<z {lCl.K.i<rn d' unI. vi~.

va~ 1

TO\lr

""7" 1 "'\~::~/l"'"

t' l\'\dit-t 2 s,Q rarrlS\tJ: QU rtcnnbCT: (da. vitTt4.

La vi\-~ 2. rcz~'r ep~ 1 h-OhilY\cU- ( ~ - el) ~ Vu~ tQ v\~ 1. '2-\l«. tral'lsftl.û­

da l'oird-uiw.r Vctrs l'll.'(~rlw.r b\- \<t ~crnnt"'CL",", s.Qla~~ 9~' q \J;l\~\-~

lQ ~'f d~frl.t QJ V)' q \')Q.t Q"", q b~orb~ Ser\~ (~- ~/) ~s. - 4(2.)

(s : f/} ePs - ~Q(2.)l.:-._~.__~ "_

"- e'

r-(Z~u\~ ct<t><l (1.) =.

(j~ <1b~crbz a (h.o cPs (~- el)1+ e/+ ce"

_~ ~(o) _

<:&(2.) _ q cP~ (~ _q1)L _

(-i~-~-;T(~=e-I-+ QQ')+ ea(4- ~/)

a ti>$ (~ - ~')"'_el+la~1

5_~ Bilan da. b. ~-ôh?_nu~

01"1 ~lZ. -?ropoM' dlL d<Z.\-UMinlr \0 \')UA:~~a"c.tl u\\lr. P 9.~.u \c. c.a~tuAr P«.u\--{ou.ff\;r­

Fr lq c.ho..u~a.~ da. la ~olut;:·Q"n. 1 qJ\ tOl'\c.t;;,a'!'- da. \q t-a.rn~fON.R dfl \a tûlt .

_a u Pa\f'J dq VIÀll.. du ra'j<rnn<l.MU\~:

lq t-b\~ rcz:<r0·d-- crs + et>Cll- <Z.rab~orbr. a (<Ps +- 4><:1(.-) =o.q:{qQt) +294)

a ( <f~ + <ta!-) -=: O.q?> (qCO + 294) ::. -1,,"0. s: k-ccJ 1h. mL

<ë.\ta. ~M((\- vcrs \'cùrno~~h~~ ~ C.T 4=. O. Cl?> \( 4. U2 (TroY~·

Ellcz. ~~rd R:: 1(T_ Ta1ci ~rav~ \"~olo~U'I\. <1~ P" = hcr. (T _Tq) pa.rC.OIfWa.c.t'\·C3'Y\. o oec \ 'Qlr- Qmblun\- (TQ ::. ~Q\)11 le )

d'~ P= q ( <P~ + <tQ~) - t Co T4

_ R_~P ::= """,o. ~ kaJ/h.\"t\1. _ 4. Ç"4(~)4_ (r_3(0) _ c U th.M ·c(' .•'P»

P::. 2QIO.S- _ 4.S;4(~)1-_ ~ T a.n \·c1b~w<..t. du I]qn~

Pour uV\v<Ln~d,- 4tnf~ h. ...... ~(Qkc..a\/'n·M'-(lC

P z: "'HO.~_ D.q~\{4.?'H(;ro)4_ (T_~(S'{))_A' (T_3tm)

P = <; 2.IO.Ç _ 4. S"4 (7~)4_ ,4.1 T ?ov.r lA\'\. \let,,\- t'd~ 4-tn [ ~

5 '1. g_d.~_~ ..9<!-J~ ~l~.~yr.~<mt~ d<L l vih~~

Sa\~ T" \0 hz.Mp',rahJ.~ .Jet- ta ui h-l. ptac~ qu (do ~~OO dcl.la rôlt. I~ c.tll~ dt

lCl. ui \no Q-J\ rc...<m \-ad- 1 Cl V<lc. \' a \-mo s, ~ \-v~ ru. .

Vi\-~

\a v(~ n° 1 503f\CZ '\-'Or ~c.han:Jqs radlah'~ ov<zc.la \-ô\..:

'1 '= -~ -+'=i;:-hv • 4. \\2- rrirt- (~)4} 4.'1F~l~ (~rJ~ -= 0.13 '2.v:=;~. q6.

e:\\q. rll~m\-- dcz.la ~l. [Cl flux rC.<MVtZc.~1 h(T-~) <L~ teUfn\~ d\a lJi~

hO 2 lQ ~\w: cU'Ova.c.t\\ h(T" _TL)OV\ ~U~\")O'o.f 9u' ty\~rr \0 \1i~ <ù ta ~lt ,d'ilhr. rQr~ <Il ~Cl{ 2 \Ji~,.dL l'au.~

ta h <t~\r \Il. miMi: h =. 3.S"kc.o..\/h.m"oc

d'tSÙ \;z bilan +hnrt\\9t.U d~ la vi~~ ",-1-

9 - 9/+ h(T- ~ ) - h(~ -T1-) = 0 Sm ~

(~) ~. %1 ('Ii )4+ 1~ = 4.31 (T )4+ 4..m{1i)++ 3.s-(T+ T1..)'~~ l~ \~~

le va~ 2 clC.hQ\,\8"" 9/ alJC-C. \Q vi\-tt v\ 0 1. 1 <lMà v<t.rs: l'abos~~~

~ Co T2...+ 1 C\6c0f"6e. ~ 1'a~ 1 r<Z.~u\\- r-d<Z. lQ 11\~ \'\'1. le pLU! c.<n\\tf:c.k"\

h(~ _Tl.) CL~ \':>ud vtrs; \' ClXkn'wc la f\ux C<TnV(Z{.h\ he(~ _Tq )

d' -; ~t7. bi\on rhQfl'Y\i9,V-t drz.. \Q LJl~ 2-

9' + Z.V (~a~ - Co T24

) + h (T" -Tl.) - h(l (Tl.- _~ ) ==. 0 s.~~

(2.) q. ~q~(li\4+ s.s r - 4.~(:!1)++ 3.S-T1 + "'112,ro 2. . \11\)

(ll'\ \' C\ b~ln<.. clU v<Ln\-)

r T \4 T (1: \4(.lU 9. -\q3 ( l:O) + A'l. s 1- =.1..$1) \~ J +- 3.S" T" + 5\)\L pou.r un vV\1-

dtl... 4'fo.A(S.

~n c.~6\Y\an\.-lcs; C:9 u.a t;;;'crn s (~) (IJ (2.) On \,)uü·.d<t!-t-rmil\u-l<t1 fo'nch'~

~(T) Q.~ 1;.. (T) <L~ rrac.t.r- rC\in~i l4(~ c.ourbe.s.

:::

~ q ~jtCln t~<zrmiC\u.q d<z~t-ôltL

Lq tôt... C\'c~otba epQ (2) t {aurni\- 1 + ~ (T_ T" ) ci \0 vih-ct nD 1. \-:)trd

Pi Cl troutfs l' '\' ~O\C1Y\~.

d'aU la puü.s,oV\u uh\<l. P~ q,a(2.)- R-- 9- h(T_1,,)

P~ "020. 5~ - 4.31 [ (~ )4_ ( J~ )4]_4.s- T + 3.~ T1

S:~-:.L ~~~~~lll~mqn~_.~~_t)M-~_l\b~·~ dl.l eaphz.ur

~ou.s ClVfnS <.Ok,u\! lapr1'?m!A<rY\ <:Pa ab~orbù par lo ~~ du Ç\ux ~olClJft

1>~ et.SU ~a. r \ a: caPku.r :A-. _ 4~ q ( J\ - ~ )% - -----_.._--- -

Ji - e' +20 ~I

Sl.lpptnl1'\t ~..t.t ~n raÙl1l\ da. \a ~(.\;,U.\OS\~I det la hClll.\tur- <::h.( s;oltA:1 <th·dt ta

~osi~1M du c.afKu.r 1 ('Q\W:-c.À ~5".n\- du ~o\...:\ ll!\ f~ ~s + qookc.oJ/kM'L

1c tô~ n' a6soc b. \JlIAA Clao Y'Y\~ 4.~s~_-"'-.24"-- -~2.4A

0" ha.,,~\a~o. d<lYlc. \0: coor6 c..on~.ApqndQ.l\\- 0..' ~ :=. qt:>O~lh.M1. da

Ua.r.s \fG bas; .p

Q00 - ch1.U'i --

-------~-~-----.. T

• l'~ ...:J.,.. l ,

~ ~ ,..oN

~ ~.,

J!'>

~g 8

-0~

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~.;~

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t ht;;1 ct

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"r:

?-=-~c~_Tc:z.rn-p Cl ra tutt ct0\bi~"ti

0" admt-r ~ \q,s ?Qt~ ~ar c:.emvt.c.t\'tn\. q.Y- C"O.l.\(J(\nll'n"'I\t- du. CA.~~r n.t. ~CR\\.-fent­

h'dh {'W cL l' lcart clet kYn\')l.ro.fij.~ T _Ta Q.n~ \a \th et\- tQir CHV\b\~I\\-.

Sl dQ"nc. ~a htm ~:ro.ti:&.rt. Qm'ofo."tl qt~ T~ =4: 3000 k:. 1 en tto"da~ \Q

(J:)Urbe corMpl1l'\da.r.\-- ci T::. 300· \e.. cL (Ta. - 3005"- \lt.f~ \0 c1Mti

p

"- ~_~-_..T

5-9- 3 fUQrucc (~) <lJ q.~a;~au.r( cz.) Sll. \\so\an~

0", q vu. qw ks ~r\<" (v. ~CÀ~ \·l~ot.ah'cm ~\-oÀq.n~ dCl \'ordtt H~.

p, c, t ~ (T- 1"Q)' Ce.~ d(M~ ~')rn>.t 4 cm ~ \aiN rd.. ~tr~

Pl:: ~. 0.03. (T _Tq) ~ '\ (T - \Q) cor (~ = 34 ~~ 0.04' Cl

'=#t ~ 1 01\ '-12.lctvo:.rq \q. fciA~ dtn\n~' ~ar la GoUrb« <..ortf,.O~ft\ÔClnl-d

~ drL (~_ ~)(T_Tq)

P

(~_ ~)(T_Tel)

t..

5_\0 'Z~czmp\(l c:1fl. ca\cu.\ d~\9 ~\Mssanc.ez dllCq~hl.o.rMcn{al\ df.\g ~\1"fsaz

Lq. co?h.u.r ~ernc.t\<Il\l"\t. q.t\ fO~\t\(J\'\ \1'\c.\if\U {au. a.u SO~Il\\. L·Q~~IlZ. de. ?<z.t\~

tt~~ ~Ôa.l cl \0 \at\rudJ du \iou. Wou.s. q\\O'I'\.t ~~"dn ~Cl \at\h.t.d..t. cL. Dab.ar

=' ~4. 42 N (tJd-«. dcz c.ourc de. 'JQ.r'I~ 41,. Tab\cz 2.)~ \la dCl.~h\ll'\u·la ?u.(na.nc... du. c.apk.u.r- ~ <j()·c aoo:. 2. \Ji~ 1 \ tol~ parllT\ Q. C.OlJ.àHl, ,dcz. hSc.M. (da fO\'i !>hr-~L oxF"'''; "'"011.\: . ~ ::.0.0216~ [h ~t:

(R~\. GtUcl." ~rah9w d. Vi to\a\\ O'f\ {n'5or; r;qw . G. ~al\o~: h'j \4 Pcxj~ 2i)

Lt. tlth\~" <ut rc.\CÙr . l~ ,$;()lai t cà h.a.u.t- rd. '1()o ~~ l' a.Y\3\Cl ,d' inGo:dtA.l.c.. ~r

C~<h\" ~oloiftA ~r \<Z c.o.rbA- <U\- ,dt ~5°°. La hZM~t.ra.lli1't (tlm6\Q\,\l; u'r­

da ~S-0 c . l~ Vq,nr cu~ ~ev:b\ct ( <lbt""'CA du V<tlî\-)

~jll L' ',iC11\S la cour bQ. dJ ~w..·c~a.u(.A du c.a.~\tu... i'U'\ ['qb'OWCJ d.u ~,,\- :

T _ TQ -= 9D - as :. 4-:," ~ ~ . 0 r'\ t)rt.t\ o.ro wr \ a. c.O\lt bt \Q. ~<rin~ (,.QffC'l

~<1'l\.dQ.n~ o.' 300 + sS ~ ~sS' 0 k .

t)" \i ~ ? = Ma kc.an 1~ 11\'2

Pw.r Uni 'nC\.l.l~ du b<:l\tÀ\ d..r '10·, <th \JUl\- (Od,"ûtrc 9;U',Wv ~tJ.r\CH.,( pt('~

~t.u.~oire GW. ra.t.\(/,\\l\tlT\tn~ rCf.CS<r\~ 9.00 \:c.oJ(h.m1.

l<2. c.a.~ \ow.r {1Z <rcr\ ~ dO"l'\ c cp~ :: q~ Si n ts- = ~qb. ~-'1 W / "' ..,.,.'\.

0", va. rd,0'f\(.. t_\\t-cWU" UY\O b"da\;:<M \]~rr L. t,o" rciR qoo_lq,.~ = 2..'1r"'1.'2..4'\

44b - 2.rIÇ ': 43']. U ~~ (h.rn'2.

-1 do i' r\~o\~'<M vo..u.\- .Q:_2~~_ = o. ~~e 0.1\ s

On \J(). t ~ J:u.U' ..u 'f\. t \ r 0.1\'" \ a.\;:'<1'\-. \)Of s l, ~o-u \- (~ :

(~ _ 0. ~&)(q()_ 3~) = 31.3S- kc.oJ{h.",L

Sa\r P -::. 43.'1. '2S + ~.~S - 46~.b k-c.cJ/h. rt\L-

or- (f'f\ a \Su ~IA'''~ ~~ ~rnir %St) \a:.c&/~ eu (ft\~ ra.\t.ar ?O\lf \lb~""1'\ ~ r~ "l\t~. D<rnc.. 1.'1\ A1M ~uu~, rO\lr \\6..1'tA 2.'1s;-\t.~lh cL ~H-~ 1 lQ9.u..a." hti dt c,h0.~ w.r Y'\~ ces tcu'~CUl. ~~ f\ ~r a.\~AH a.d- r dJ. :

'1&u kc.cJ 1(Cj,le. 2.. '1-\ k.~ (h = 2331-S- keat 1h.

d<M.c. ta. ~lH {a.CI du c.ap\wr «,sl- t'tL. :

S ::: _233'l.r kcd/L =:. 4.q~ ~\. ~ ~m'L

4b~.~ 't.c.o!fh.\M'L·

c~ ~ et.sr ~ct'l'\d fl\-;-\N Q.\~~ \Tn?I1\\-c.f\k

0", \-:>Ult- .u.~·\iW 2 c..a.Pku.n.. .tU ~ne. reL Q. ç ~L. c..hac.u.r..~ (.C1'fr\tt\e

di fn.\.M\ G'n ~ ( -1. '2.Ç" ~)<. 2"",).Sa 'il..u.r {Clv dt c..o..pta.\ï: <1'n cu.\- Llh(. ~~ <S\.diV\~rt ( O'r\du.l.1.) q.w ~ <l'Y\~

pw.n-...\- ~t.\I'\G. Rn h<r\t ff\a\--. ~s. h..a.bt.' ~" c..uÀ\SV ~a\\J~'f\'~ ()C7'I\I- lnG~~~

ddl.li\ ~I[s. crndu.\at;O'l\~ au tc\o,\UA. d' ,U,1\l. ~l.. ~~a'\tO-.d \a~G'tl cl \o.c.\\\~

\a ~a~t~ rd.t \0. ,-""a\w.r da.us; \(.~ ~~s..

t't\sdo.t.:.<M (lS.t- ~~t; ~OI\ rd.u. ~o~~~\-'i{t.'n(. 'Y\csu.\e". i·et'ro..nc.h~h: ~ù- ~\r

W'\lU paf" un ft'\a.~t\'c- Cll.l ~\t\·~t<. vutc.Q."ls:a~<:rn (c;;, Fel. lA rc:.a.d~ dà\­

~~ ~roki ~ \J..N- fU)\)..\JtA\-un da.l\Ja.n\·~

Co c..ir<..U\oX:~ rd... \c s:C)lU~(M 1.10 ~ ba,.;~ -\>0-(" ~u'M.o~i~hf\'l CAr ~ i-nt~

n.>...l.ut.r q..J ?\aCo' ?\us ~<l.IA\" ~ \4: <.a~~.ur

.~ ....

CONCLUSION_____e _

La C<'l{I\~)~rahlJ'''" c;ota..i.~ (1\,\ \.IIJJ 4 prOdv.i~ \a 5\aCQ ()~l't. b,-~c.Iro\, cdïl'\~~"

<ln rtl\s.11\'\. dl[. lo ()r~,,<:L uhli~ 9,\U ~C"t.'L"c.. la rll.\d~f1,).h·O"t'- dQn~ \cs ç.\i­

YrlQh: ~n~ol\t\\\Cl~ d.~ rd;. \0 c.orrt.la.ti."<rn. ~. t)(ù.1v etnh-o lu Ç."o.~ d~ ntftiirCl t:;"'<!h et\-- t' Î r. \-t.n ~ ih' ~o\c~i~ .

Pur \'Y\~ le:!> \"t\bd..\t., d' Ov\'rQ~\.a de n: frf~~a.~-~ ul;:'\ï san \- \~ cha.\w.r, (e \

p\U5 ~at\'sfoùQnta ()Q1\t- kn o~~afti\\..a ~ O\de d'a\H;or~~VW\. ~nn: ~

c:iu\~\- ';t('t. d(.s Y'Y\od1.\~ c..\a~s\,,~ ado..p~ ~ ~ourtM ch c.~~\w.r- so\o,;~.

L' ~tud,.o. t~~~ct"' Id, t\C~ 'itt' ...\-rL~ d' obiorr KI,fY\ \<z. CA't\~rh\(l. ~l"I Ci: ~<t\- '-1"\ ~

+~~ Al'" c.ap uc.CotfkCl'olci. MQ\hlUtW.~th\t\'\\-- la ;a.~' ~(\~V't'\ ALI J\)f\)\-o\-,~P<:

<1~ ':oCI Mi ~ il h 1(]\"\"-~ q"lUH mHI\-- YI (.IY\\ '\)W1 d, ~~'b~ daM t c.o.df'(' rct.u

froo'"' " (~~ ho I\~ ttfm~ ~ Id., (dj'i.w\k l~ 10 rcUlUl1~ o.' la lurnill'

cL f' ~.'(~lf i \KI lt .

C~~V\dan\- <J'rI ,?.w~ rda.:lo.wn sur l, c...hl[\l( (cL rC'.Artn...'",II't un\~ htl\-a.rn""U\l---

',fZ c.C7'l'\d.Q.l'\Ull.r, ct~ \Q. c..artw. t pl,Ol\.

L<L- c.lJYIdtW\w.l.\" u~li';" ~Ol.W().~'r- Q:fr< du tj~ .;, rr{mdi ~UlW\t,,\.- to.r ~lI'\lJt~_

h<rn 1'\.a.\unUR .do.Y'\' \" o..i.r. Do.VH CA rt.t:lc:. \0 vur ~QC-I dt m:ivu.fl\\- dJ. ~l.wr­

tG.ttlA\.- ~\-- i'tr\~(1\\-o.,"lf 'Jv.. ~oQn~~to 9.tld nt.t: <"J., ch.o..\utr crl,~ F cli"""­

W\""" 0..' ru h\\JlQU. c.. 'a.>.\- ~l!\.l' rt-duirt ~ez.~ (cL.:"'tn~ùM ~- cm ra ~Ci' fG\lru.~ ~t~~~T\'\l dan'i l,~ l'll.chatw\~t- enr Inku.~ d'-u-W\ li~d.11 ~ c..r

\' (Z,(W. L' cz..o.u. u+- ":>'r~ na~ti- <t-t- rC,.CJY\mw.t. d<U\~ .lU, fU.Ü?i t""\-- çC1Y\~ t~ la

rcz~dÙ ~ur ro.dÀo~·lMt·dQ\'I.~ \c. \')t.(\~odt dt ~ah~o~t\"," d.tt. U{dJ ,J..,

f1l~f'OfQt\'(f'f\, Cl- 1..u.-: rd(mN ,U\'\ ~dHrlt. ~HfrnLt\'~ l ,,~ "L~~ro.~ GUW

'(\(. "'YHIl'\i ~t'\a.~l1YI. {m'r r~:.'J"mmJ \., c..CMdtf'lloW.T,.-o: o..'t"1 ~CUA c<.c.u.po.nr bt.o.M.-

c..~? c;l' ~s ra.~ . t-ta..\ ~ ( Co ~d~ \'YV , cL. r~ ~ rn' clA .. '.H~ H\~ n' <J Il \- ~C1A nQ,t\ S"

l"nccM.uL\,\iwr. '?V\ 1. ~J... 14 \Jjlt l'\~t: (d...' t~ , ("l) tv\ m. <l'U"'~lro.\- ~lC.~o.lr«.

a.S;y ~V\dl .. Ct. <t"': ~~ JJ..h ,?K>b\t~ t h'\~W't\).. f')' (J,\'u. ,,'ut ,?Cù fC."ou.WA-1

't,tJ ~. 'Mo (\~~ ~'.u.'n 'rtl üf~Q.~\ <l~\- d~~t\'"t- Q.1.\l( ~~l<!M q-"s;o\t,.\\l~

<N. (f ro. ~ r o,t\ LW\'\U\~ \' H)'u lt \ \- ra"-.

/

0" a. c..h.0\'n" l' -i rvs, 0 \o..l.rtu.r- '\JlUh Îl(OH lc.s (l~y\'~~"" (OUh:UM c:ru-' ~\ p«JllnU

1CM rofr(f\r ruJ Yl\~n\r c.~l'I'\etf\)_ pa.t~cva' D'a~l7\d ha.('ocru'~\ C\ )J.l'\ Mt,L

lwr ft'YldtWlt,,1,. t0t.lf (ur~f\t. (j'qrnm.4Zs (dt ~JWlp:ro.~u.fO), U\'uÂ.t: ~Clrc.e~\l

V\{ ,\>"-tt.nG: o..uw.\\ j'pro~\'-rn.t cL. Mah\o.'=:>' ~~ .

Ho.Ü So\ ~ \\'\so\a.kun ftQ"~ on\ 1U'\ rtt\dttnt,n\- ç.a~~\~ alt\~ ~<w.r lc~t....­P~o..hu'\t) C\\\ a.~t' i u .. (VA.-Q tJr\ IJt f1'l' '1 0 4l'A ~0 •c, daAM dJ \,UW\t\e., (C.Q'f\ dih- t"M

c.\iW\'\Q;'ç:~.A.lLI\ , c;:..~rtv Q. ?rc~ l' U:\'>~"'t,nû. a.~...uÀ\ol. rda'M rU. dl1'ft'\~N

l-w.f' t%ù..a~t $m\l'\\LI. ~kr du ~ft'\,?t.ro.~f'tt ~t\M /~~.Zn t{{d- let

ft.nd'.YW\U\\-- du (Co.'\>~ d"" t\1'\~\<1\w.n di:MÎI\\d t\'\ ~c..~-~ d" Q't..lwa­

h"et't\ d., 10: ~?t_ro..hu't ~,)f1Dd.,..:t:.r

Lez rtndu'l\U\\-- 9:"".()~·cM'U\ du ca.~roy L Q ~ e.cJc.u\a. c.C'fn"'" ~\-l

~"::: 10. '1~ -. l.O.oo~4~T·c.

ou ~T· nZ\1ltil.tltl l'~VJQt\'Oft d~ \a \-ttv\~c:\h~~ ~o.r fl:\~?()\-rà\ahftl_

~~ra~urt ro.Mb\Qv\~v. "

(Ftlut\u\.t hrè rd.t: ~m?\ll'\ dJ \'tntra'~ ~()\CÙf(' ~crw la ~rodtlCkCM.dP.{mcl

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