Upload
liberation
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
1/10
$UWLFOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQRQ&ULPHVDJDLQVW
+XPDQLW\FRPPLWWHGLQ6\ULD
6XEPLWWHGE\
6\ULDQ1DWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU+XPDQ5LJKWV
7KH6\ULDQ&HQWHUIRU+XPDQ5LJKWV6WXGLHV
7KH/DZ)LUPRI0
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
2/10
, ,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH1*2VPDNLQJWKLVVXEPLVVLRQKDYHSHUVRQDOO\LQWHUYLHZHGZLWQHVVHVRIWKHFULPHV
PHQWLRQHGLQWKLVUHSRUWZKLFKKDYHH[FHHGHGIRXUKXQGUHGLQWHUYLHZVFRQGXFWHG
RQVLWHDQGPRUHWKDQWZRWKRXVDQGSKRQHFDOOVDQGRWKHUW\SHVRIWHVWLPRQLHV
7KH1*2VKDYHDOVRHQJDJHGDORFDOQHWZRUNRIDFWLYLVWVLQRUGHUWRREWDLQUHOLDEOHDQG
FUHGLEOHLQIRUPDWLRQ)XUWKHUPRUHWKH\KDYHVXPPDULVHGDVHOHFWHGQXPEHURIUHOLDEOH
DQGSXEOLFO\DYDLODEOHLQWHUQDWLRQDO1*2UHSRUWVRQDOOHJHGFULPHVFRPPLWWHGLQ6\ULDLQ
RUGHUWRFRUURERUDWHWKHILUVWKDQGLQIRUPDWLRQWKH\KDYHFROOHFWHG
7KH1*2VVXEPLWWKDWWKHUHLVDUHDVRQDEOHEDVLVWREHOLHYHWKDWFULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\
ZHUH FRPPLWWHG LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH 6\ULDQ SRSXODU XSULVLQJ LQ SDUWLFXODU FULPHV
DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ RI PXUGHU LPSULVRQPHQW RU RWKHU VHYHUH GHSULYDWLRQ RI SK\VLFDO
OLEHUW\HQIRUFHGGLVDSSHDUDQFHSHUVHFXWLRQ DQG 7RUWXUH7KHUH DUH VR IDU QRQDWLRQDO
SURFHHGLQJV LPSOHPHQWHG E\ WKH 6WDWH WR LQYHVWLJDWH DQG WU\ WKRVH ZKR EHDU WKH
UHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHVHFULPHV$OWKRXJKRQ0DUFKWKHVWDWHQHZVDJHQF\6\ULDQ$UDE
1HZV$JHQF\6$1$UHSRUWHGWKDWWKH0LQLVWU\RIWKH,QWHULRUZRXOGIRUPDFRPPLWWHH
WRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHXQIRUWXQDWHLQFLGHQWVLQ'DUDDDQGZRXOGUHVSRQGZLWKDOOPHDVXUHV
GHHPHG QHFHVVDU\ WKH SURVSHFW RI VHHLQJ WKLV FRPPLWWHH LPSOHPHQWHG LV YHU\ VOLP
7KXV WKH 1*2V PDNLQJ WKLV VXEPLVVLRQ SXW WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\ RQ QRWLFH
WKDWWKHSROLF\FRQFHLYHGDWWKHKLJKHVWHFKHORQVRIWKH6WDWHWRFRPPLWFULPHVDJDLQVW
KXPDQLW\ WKH JUDYLW\RIWKHFULPHV DVZHOO DVWKH DEVHQFHRIDQ\ IXWXUH SURVSHFWV IRU
HQGLQJWKHLPSXQLW\IRUWKHLUSHUSHWUDWRUVVKRXOGSURPSWWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLW\WR
XUJHQWO\DFWLQRUGHUWRKDOWWKHEORRGVKHG
,,6XEMHFWPDWWHU-XULVGLFWLRQ
$UWLFOH D SURYLGHV WKDW WKH 3URVHFXWRU RI WKH ,&& VKDOO FRQVLGHU ZKHWKHU WKH
LQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHWRKLPSURYLGHVDUHDVRQDEOHEDVLVWREHOLHYHWKDWDFULPHZLWKLQWKH
MXULVGLFWLRQRIWKH&RXUWKDVEHHQRULVEHLQJFRPPLWWHG
)RUDFULPHWRIDOOZLWKLQWKH&RXUWVMXULVGLFWLRQLWKHFULPHPXVWEHRQHRIWKHFULPHV
VHWRXWLQDUWLFOHRIWKH6WDWXWHMXULVGLFWLRQUDWLRQHPDWHULDHLLWKHFULPHPXVWKDYH
EHHQ FRPPLWWHGZLWKLQ WKH WLPHIUDPHVSHFLILHG LQDUWLFOH RI WKH6WDWXWH MXULVGLFWLRQ
UDWLRQH WHPSRULVDQG LLL WKH FULPHPXVW VDWLVI\RQH RI WKH WZR FULWHULD ODLGGRZQ LQ
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
3/10
$UWLFOHRIWKH6WDWXWH
7KH1*2VVXEPLWWLQJWKLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQDUHFRJQLVDQWWRWKHIDFWWKDWWKHSUHFRQGLWLRQV
IRU WKH H[HUFLVH RI MXULVGLFWLRQ E\ WKH &RXUW DUH QRW PHW IRU WKH VLWXDWLRQ LQ 6\ULD
,QGHHG6\ULDLVQRWD6WDWHSDUW\WRWKH5RPH6WDWXWHDQGWKXVWKH&RXUWFDQQRWH[HUFLVH
MXULVGLFWLRQ RQ WKH FULPHV FRPPLWWHG RQ WKH 6\ULDQ WHUULWRU\ RU E\ QDWLRQDOV RI 6\ULD
+RZHYHUWKH1*2VZLVKWRUHFDOOWKDWWKLVVLWXDWLRQPLJKWFKDQJHLIWKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLO
ZDVWR UHIHUWKHVLWXDWLRQ WRWKH,&& LQZKLFK FDVH LWZRXOGKDYH MXULVGLFWLRQRQ WKHVH
FULPHV7KH1*2VFRQFHLYHWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQDVDQDWWHPSWWRSDYHWKHZD\IRUWKHIXWXUH
DQDO\VLVRI WKH &RXUWRQ WKH KRUUHQGRXV FULPHV FRPPLWWHG WKHUHLQ DQG WRVKRZ WR WKH
LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLW\WKDWE\DOODFFRXQWVWKHVHHJUHJLRXVYLRODWLRQVRIKXPDQULJKWV
FRQVWLWXWHFULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\WKDWVKRXOGEHUHSHOOHGLQFOXGLQJE\SURVHFXWLQJWKRVH
ZKREHDUWKHJUHDWHVWUHVSRQVLELOLW\
,,,/HJDOFKDUDFWHULVDWLRQDQGUHDVRQVWKDWWKHOLVWHGFULPHVIDOOZLWKLQWKHMXULVGLFWLRQ
RIWKH,&&
)RUWKHUHDVRQVVHWRXWLQWKLVVXEPLVVLRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFROOHFWHGE\WKH1*2VSURYLGH
DUHDVRQDEOHEDVLVWREHOLHYHWKDWFULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\XQGHUDUWLFOHRIWKH6WDWXWH
KDYHEHHQFRPPLWWHGLQ6\ULD
D&RQWH[WXDOHOHPHQWVRIFULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\
$VUHFDOOHGE\WKH3UH7ULDO&KDPEHU,,RIWKH,&&LQLWV'HFLVLRQRQWKH$XWKRUL]DWLRQRI
DQ,QYHVWLJDWLRQLQ.HQ\DWKHFRQWH[WXDOHOHPHQWVRIFULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\DUHVHWRXW
LQWKH&KDSHDXRIDUWLFOHDVIROORZV
FULPHVDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\PHDQVDQ\RIWKHIROORZLQJDFWVZKHQFRPPLWWHGDVSDUWRID
ZLGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLFDWWDFNGLUHFWHGDJDLQVWDQ\FLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQZLWKNQRZOHGJH
RIWKHDWWDFN
$UWLFOHDRIWKH6WDWXWHIXUWKHULQGLFDWHVWKDW
3URVHFXWRUY-HDQ3LHUUH%HPED*RPER'HFLVLRQRQWKH3URVHFXWRUV$SSOLFDWLRQIRUD:DUUDQWRI$UUHVW
DJDLQVW-HDQ3LHUUH%HPED*RPER,&&W(1*-XO\SDUD3UH7ULDO&KDPEHU,,'HFLVLRQ3XUVXDQWWR$UWLFOHRIWKH5RPH6WDWXWHRQWKH$XWKRUL]DWLRQRIDQ
,QYHVWLJDWLRQLQWRWKH6LWXDWLRQLQWKH5HSXEOLFRI.HQ\D0DUFK,&&SDUDKWWSZZZLFF
FSLLQWLFFGRFVGRFGRFSGI
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
4/10
>D@WWDFNGLUHFWHGDJDLQVWDQ\FLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQPHDQVDFRXUVHRIFRQGXFWLQYROYLQJWKH
PXOWLSOHFRPPLVVLRQRIDFWVUHIHUUHGWRLQSDUDJUDSKDJDLQVWDQ\FLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ
SXUVXDQWWRRULQIXUWKHUDQFHRID6WDWHRURUJDQL]DWLRQDOSROLF\WRFRPPLWVXFKDWWDFN
37& ,, LQWHUSUHWHG WKHVH SDUDJUDSKV DV UHTXLULQJ ILYH FRQWH[WXDO HOHPHQWV IRU FULPHV
DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ L DQ DWWDFN GLUHFWHG DJDLQVW DQ\ FLYLOLDQ SRSXODWLRQ LL D 6WDWH RU
RUJDQL]DWLRQDOSROLF\LLLWKHZLGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLFQDWXUHRIWKHDWWDFNLYDQH[XV
EHWZHHQWKHLQGLYLGXDODFWDQGWKHDWWDFNDQGYNQRZOHGJHRIWKHDWWDFN
L$WWDFNGLUHFWHGDJDLQVWDQ\FLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ
,Q WKH 'HFLVLRQ RQ WKH $XWKRUL]DWLRQ RI DQ ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ LQ .HQ\D 37& ,, GHULYHGIURPWKH6WDWXWHDQGWKHHOHPHQWVRIFULPHVWKHFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHDWWDFNFRQVLVWVRID
FRXUVHRIFRQGXFWLQYROYLQJWKHPXOWLSOHFRPPLVVLRQRIDFWVUHIHUUHGWRLQDUWLFOH
)XUWKHUPRUH LW UHFDOOHG WKDW WKH WHUP LVQRW UHVWULFWHG WRDPLOLWDU\DWWDFN DQG UDWKHU
UHIHUVWRDFDPSDLJQRURSHUDWLRQFDUULHGRXWDJDLQVWWKHFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ
:KHQ GHILQLQJ WKH WHUP GLUHFWHG DJDLQVW DQ\ FLYLOLDQ SRSXODWLRQ WKH &KDPEHU
FRQVLGHUHG WKDW LW UHTXLUHV VKRZLQJ WKDW WKH DWWDFNV ZHUH GLUHFWHG DJDLQVW WKH FLYLOLDQ
SRSXODWLRQDVDZKROHDQGQRWDJDLQVWUDQGRPO\VHOHFWHGLQGLYLGXDOV
)XUWKHUPRUH WKH&KDPEHU VSHFLILHG WKDW LWQHHGQRW EHVDWLVILHG WKDW WKH HQWLUH FLYLOLDQ
SRSXODWLRQRIWKHJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDLQTXHVWLRQZDVEHLQJWDUJHWHG+RZHYHUWKHFLYLOLDQ
SRSXODWLRQPXVWEHWKHSULPDU\REMHFWRIWKHDWWDFNLQTXHVWLRQDQGFDQQRWPHUHO\EHDQ
LQFLGHQWDOYLFWLP7KHWHUPFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQUHIHUV WRSHUVRQVZKRDUH FLYLOLDQVDV
RSSRVHGWRPHPEHUVRIDUPHGIRUFHVDQGRWKHUOHJLWLPDWHFRPEDWDQWV
,WDSSHDUVIURPWKHDYDLODEOHLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWPRVWRIWKHDWWDFNVFDUULHGRXWE\WKH6\ULDQ
UHJLPHZHUHWDUJHWLQJFLYLOLDQVLQWKHFLWLHVZKHUHWKHXSULVLQJWRRNSODFH7KHSRSXODWLRQ
WDUJHWHGE\WKHVHDWWDFNVZDVXQDUPHGFLYLOLDQSHRSOHZKRWRRNRQVSRQWDQHRXVO\WRWKH
VWUHHWVLQ'HUDD'DPDVFXV+RPVDQGRWKHUFLWLHVLQRUGHUWRH[SUHVVWKHLUSURWHVWDJDLQVW
3UH7ULDO&KDPEHU,,'HFLVLRQ3XUVXDQWWR$UWLFOHRIWKH5RPH6WDWXWHRQWKH$XWKRUL]DWLRQRIDQ
,QYHVWLJDWLRQLQWRWKH6LWXDWLRQLQWKH5HSXEOLFRI.HQ\D0DUFK,&&&RUUSDUD,&&&RUUSDUD
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
5/10
WKHUHSUHVVLYHUHJLPHDQGWRFDOOIRUDFKDQJHLQWKHVWDWHSROLF\6HYHUDOYLGHRVVKRZQRQ
PHGLDDQGVRFLDOQHWZRUNVVKRZKXQGUHGVRIGHPRQVWUDWRUVUDOOLHGLQWKHPDLQVTXDUHVRU
VWUHHWVRIWKHVHFLWLHVFKDQWLQJVHOPLDVHOPLD>SHDFHIXOSHDFHIXO@RSHQLQJWKHLUVKLUWV
WRVKRZWKDWWKH\FDUULHGQRDUPVHWF
,QIRUPDWLRQ FROOHFWHG E\ ORFDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO 1*2V WHVWLI\ WKDW WKH FLYLOLDQ JURXSV
WDUJHWHGZHUHDWILUVWDOOWKHSURWHVWHUVWKDWWRRNXSWRWKHVWUHHWV6HFXULW\IRUFHVRSHQHG
ILUHRQWKHVHGHPRQVWUDWRUVLQDQDUELWUDU\DQGLQGLVFULPLQDWHZD\7KHVHFRQGSDWWHUQRI
DWWDFNV DJDLQVW WKH FLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQZDV WKURXJK YDVW FDPSDLJQV RIDUELWUDU\ DUUHVWV
WKDWWDUJHWHGUHDORUSHUFHLYHGRSSRQHQWVRUHYHQSHRSOHZKRKDGQRKLVWRU\RIRSSRVLWLRQ
WRWKHJRYHUQPHQWEXWVLPSO\GHPRQVWUDWHGVSRQWDQHRXVO\DJDLQVWWKHUHJLPHGXULQJWKH
XSULVLQJ
LL6WDWHRURUJDQL]DWLRQDOSROLF\
,QDGGLWLRQDUWLFOHDRIWKH6WDWXWHLPSRVHVWKHUHTXLUHPHQWWKDWWKHDWWDFNDJDLQVW
DQ\ FLYLOLDQ SRSXODWLRQ EH FRPPLWWHG SXUVXDQW WR RU LQ IXUWKHUDQFH RI D 6WDWH RU
RUJDQL]DWLRQDOSROLF\WRFRPPLWVXFKDWWDFN
7KHLQWURGXFWLRQWRHOHPHQWVRIDUWLFOHZKHQH[SODLQLQJWKHPHDQLQJRISROLF\VWDWHV
WKDWSROLF\WRFRPPLWVXFKDWWDFNUHTXLUHVWKDWWKHVWDWHRURUJDQL]DWLRQDFWLYHO\SURPRWH
RUHQFRXUDJHVXFKDQDWWDFNDJDLQVWDFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ7KHIRRWQRWHWRWKHSDUDJUDSK
VWDWHV D SROLF\ZKLFK KDV D FLYLOLDQ SRSXODWLRQ DV WKH REMHFW RI WKH DWWDFN ZRXOG EH
LPSOHPHQWHG E\ 6WDWH RU RUJDQL]DWLRQDO DFWLRQ 6XFK D SROLF\ PD\ LQ H[FHSWLRQDO
FLUFXPVWDQFHVEHLPSOHPHQWHGE\DGHOLEHUDWHIDLOXUHWRWDNHDFWLRQZKLFKLVFRQVFLRXVO\
DLPHGDWHQFRXUDJLQJVXFKDWWDFN7KHH[LVWHQFHRIVXFKDSROLF\FDQQRWEHLQIHUUHGVROHO\
IURPWKHDEVHQFHRIJRYHUQPHQWDORURUJDQL]DWLRQDODFWLRQ
,QWKH&DVH7KH3URVHFXWRUY.DWDQJDDQG1JXGMROR&KXL3UH7ULDO&KDPEHU,IRXQGWKDW
WKLVUHTXLUHPHQW
>@HQVXUHV WKDW WKH DWWDFNHYHQ LIFDUULHGRXWRYHUD ODUJHJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDRU
GLUHFWHGDJDLQVWDODUJHQXPEHURIYLFWLPVPXVWVWLOOEHWKRURXJKO\RUJDQLVHGDQG
IROORZDUHJXODUSDWWHUQ,WPXVWDOVREHFRQGXFWHGLQIXUWKHUDQFHRIDFRPPRQSROLF\
LQYROYLQJSXEOLFRUSULYDWHUHVRXUFHV6XFKDSROLF\PD\EHPDGHHLWKHUE\JURXSVRI
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
6/10
SHUVRQVZKRJRYHUQDVSHFLILFWHUULWRU\RUE\DQ\RUJDQLVDWLRQZLWKWKHFDSDELOLW\WR
FRPPLWDZLGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLFDWWDFNDJDLQVWDFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ7KHSROLF\
QHHGQRWEHH[SOLFLWO\GHILQHGE\WKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDOJURXS,QGHHGDQDWWDFNZKLFK
LVSODQQHGGLUHFWHGRU RUJDQLVHG DVRSSRVHG WRVSRQWDQHRXVRU LVRODWHGDFWV RI
YLROHQFHZLOOVDWLVI\WKLVFULWHULRQ
,QUHODWLRQWRWKHWHUPSROLF\WKH0DMRULW\UHFDOOHGLQSDUWLFXODUWKHFULWHULDXVHGE\WKH
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULPLQDO7ULEXQDOIRUWKHIRUPHU
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
7/10
7KH1*2VVXEPLWWKDWWKHDWWDFNVRQWKHFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQLQ6\ULDZHUHQRWLVRODWHGRU
VSRQWDQHRXVDFWVRIYLROHQFHEXWZHUHFRPPLWWHGSXUVXDQWWRWKHSROLF\RIWKH6WDWHRI
6\ULDXQGHUWKHOHDGHUVKLSRI3UHVLGHQW%DVKDUDO$VVDG7KLVSROLF\LVWRODXQFKYLROHQW
DWWDFNVDJDLQVWSROLWLFDORSSRQHQWVRUSHUVRQVSHUFHLYHGWRVXSSRUWWKHSROLWLFDORSSRQHQWVLQRUGHUWRUHWDLQSRZHUE\DOOPHDQV7KLVSROLF\LVIXUWKHUHYLGHQWGXHWRWKHIROORZLQJ
D 7KHSROLF\RIWKH6WDWHLVVXEMHFWWRWKHSROLWLFDODQGFRQWH[WXDOEDFNJURXQGRQ
WKHQDWXUHRIWKH6\ULDQSROLFHVWDWHLHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH(PHUJHQF\
ODZVLQFHWKHFRQWURORIWKH3UHVLGHQWDQGKLVFORVHUHODWLYHVRQWKH6WDWH
DSSDUDWXVPHGLDFRQWUROHWF
E 7KH SROLF\ RI WKH 6WDWH LV DOVR HYLGHQW WKURXJK WKH FRQVLVWHQW GHQLDO RI WKH
FULPHVFRPPLWWHGE\WKHVHFXULW\IRUFHVDQGWKHDWWHPSWWRSRUWUD\SURWHVWHUV
DVWHUURULVWVJURXSVDUPHGJDQJVRUIRUHLJQHOHPHQWV
F 7KH SROLF\ RI WKH 6WDWH ZDV FOHDUO\ GHPRQVWUDWHG E\ VHYHUDO RIILFLDO
FRPPXQLTXpV FLUFXODWHG DV WRS VHFUHW GRFXPHQWV WKURXJKRXW WKH 6\ULDQ
6HFXULW\$SSDUDWXV GLIIHUHQW EUDQFKHV DQG OHDNHG WRYDULRXV1*2V7KHVH
FRPPXQLTXpVLGHQWLI\YLROHQWPHDQVWRFUXVKSURWHVWHUV
G 7KHSROLF\RIWKH6WDWHFDQEHIXUWKHUH[HPSOLILHGE\WKHDWWHPSWVWRFRQFHDO
HYLGHQFHRIWKHFRPPLVVLRQRIFULPHVE\
&RQILVFDWLRQ RI FHOOXODU SKRQHV DQG RWKHU UHFRUGLQJ GHYLVHV IURP
YLFWLPVDQGZLWQHVVHVRIWKHFULPHV
,PSRVLWLRQRIDWRWDOEODFNRXWRQIRUHLJQPHGLD
,PSRVLWLRQ RI VLHJHV RQ VRPH FLWLHV 'XULQJ WKH VLHJH D ODUJH
VFDOH FDPSDLJQ RI DUELWUDU\ DUUHVWV ZDV LPSOHPHQWHG IXUWKHU
GHPRQVWUDWLQJ WKH SROLF\ RI WKH 6WDWH WR VWLIOH GLVVHQW DQG GHWHU DQ\
IXWXUHGHPRQVWUDWLRQ
H 7KH GLVFRYHU\ RIPDVV JUDYHV LQ VHYHUDO ORFDWLRQV LQ WKH +RUDQ UHJLRQ DQG
+RPVDOVRVKRZVWKDWWKHUHZDVDSROLF\RIWKH6WDWHRI6\ULDZKLFKLQYROYHG
WKHXVHRIH[WHQVLYHPHDQVIRUWKHEXULDORIWKHYLFWLPV7KHH[LVWHQFHRIPDVV
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
8/10
JUDYHV LVDQ H[DPSOHRIWKHRUJDQLVHG FKDUDFWHU RIWKHDWWDFNRQWKHFLYLOLDQ
SRSXODWLRQ LQYROYLQJ WKH PRELOLVDWLRQ RI VWDWH DSSDUDWXV YDULRXV VHFXULW\
IRUFHVDQGRWKHULQVWLWXWLRQVLQRUGHUWRFDUU\RXWWKHSROLF\
I 7KHGHSOR\PHQWRIKHDY\DUPDPHQWLQVLGHWKHFLWLHVRI'HUDD%DQLDV/DWDNLD
+RPV ,GOLE DQG RWKHU VPDOOHU FLWLHV DQG YLOODJHV DFURVV6\ULDGHPRQVWUDWHV
D 6WDWHSROLF\ E\GHSOR\LQJ RIILFLDO6\ULDQ $UP\GLYLVLRQV WRGHDOZLWK WKH
SURWHVWRUVHQPDVVH
LLL:LGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLFQDWXUHRIWKHDWWDFN
$V KHOG E\ 3UH7ULDO &KDPEHU ,, RI WKH ,&& WKH UHIHUHQFH WR D ZLGHVSUHDG RU
V\VWHPDWLF DWWDFN KDV EHHQ LQWHUSUHWHG DV H[FOXGLQJ LVRODWHG RU UDQGRP DFWV IURPWKH FRQFHSW RI FULPHV DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ 2QO\ WKH DWWDFN DQG QRW WKH DOOHJHG
LQGLYLGXDO DFWVDUHUHTXLUHGWREHZLGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLF ,QWKLVUHJDUGWKH
DGMHFWLYHZLGHVSUHDGUHIHUVWRWKHODUJHVFDOHQDWXUHRIWKHDWWDFNDQGWKHQXPEHU
RIWDUJHWHGSHUVRQVZKLOHWKHDGMHFWLYHV\VWHPDWLFUHIHUVWRWKHRUJDQLVHGQDWXUH
RI WKH DFWV RI YLROHQFH DQG WKH LPSUREDELOLW\ RI WKHLU UDQGRP RFFXUUHQFH 7KH
&KDPEHU PRUHRYHU RSLQHG WKDW WKH H[LVWHQFH RI D 6WDWH RU RUJDQLVDWLRQDO SROLF\
LVDQ HOHPHQW IURPZKLFKWKHV\VWHPDWLFQDWXUHRIDQDWWDFNPD\EHLQIHUUHG7KH
FRQVHTXHQFHV RI WKH DWWDFN XSRQ WKH WDUJHWHG SRSXODWLRQ WKH QXPEHU RI YLFWLPV
WKH QDWXUH RI WKH DFWV WKH SRVVLEOH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI RIILFLDOV RU DXWKRULWLHV RU DQ\
LGHQWLILDEOHSDWWHUQVRIFULPHVFRXOGEHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWWRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH
DWWDFNVDWLVILHVHLWKHURUERWKUHTXLUHPHQWVRIDZLGHVSUHDGRUV\VWHPDWLFDWWDFN
%DVHG RQ WKH DYDLODEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKHUH LV D UHDVRQDEOH EDVLV WR EHOLHYH WKDW WKH
DWWDFNV GLUHFWHG DJDLQVW WKH FLYLOLDQ SRSXODWLRQ LQ 6\ULDZHUH ERWK ZLGHVSUHDG DQG
V\VWHPDWLF
7KHDWWDFNVIROORZHGWKHVHPDLQSDWWHUQV
7KH ODXQFKLQJ RI ODUJH VFDOH PLOLWDU\ RSHUDWLRQV RQ WRZQV DQG QHLJKERXUKRRGV
LGHQWLILHGDVKXEVRISURWHVWV)RUH[DPSOH2Q$SULOVHFXULW\IRUFHVDQGPLOLWDU\
.(1
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
9/10
YHKLFOHVPRYHG LQWR WKH FLW\ RI'DUDDXVLQJPLOLWDU\YHKLFOHV LQFOXGLQJ QXPHURXV
WDQNV DQGDUPRXUHGSHUVRQQHOFDUULHUV $3&V XQGHU D FRYHU RIKHDY\ JXQILUH WKDW
ODVWHGXQDEDWHGIRUDERXWKRXUVVHHEHORZIRUPRUHGHWDLOV7KHVHFXULW\IRUFHV
RFFXSLHGDOOQHLJKERXUKRRGV LQ'DUDD LPSRVHG FKHFNSRLQWV DQGSODFHG VQLSHUVRQ
WKH URRIVRI EXLOGLQJV LQPDQ\SDUWVRI WKH FLW\7KH\LPSRVHGD VLHJHRQ WKH FLW\
FXW RII HOHFWULFLW\DQG DOO PHDQVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQV DQG SUHYHQWHG DQ\PRYHPHQW
E\RSHQLQJILUHRQDQ\RQHZKRWULHGWROHDYHWKHLUKRXVH2QFHWKH\KDGHVWDEOLVKHG
IXOOFRQWURORIWKHFLW\WKHVHFXULW\IRUFHVWKHQSURFHHGHGWRDUUHVWKXQGUHGVRIPHQ
IURPWKHLUKRPHV7KLVSDWWHUQZRXOGEHUHSHDWHGLQDQXPEHURISODFHVZLWKYDU\LQJ
GHJUHHVRIPLOLWDU\LQYROYHPHQW)RUH[DPSOHLWZDVIROORZHGLQ'RXPDRQWKHWK
RI$SULO7KHVDPHSDWWHUQRIFRQGXFWZDVDOVRIROORZHGLQ=DEDGDQLQHDU'DPDVFXV
RQWKHVWRI0D\2QWKHWK RI0D\ WKH DUP\DQGVHFXULW\IRUFHVXVLQJ DUPRXUHG
YHKLFOHV DQG WDQNV VXUURXQGHG WKH FRDVWDO WRZQ RI%DQ\DV DQG WKH\ HQWHUHG XQGHUFRYHURIKHDY\JXQVKRW
8/6/2019 CPI_Syrie
10/10
6HFXULW\IRUFHVDOVRSODFHGVQLSHUVRQWKHURRIVRIEXLOGLQJVLQWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHG
FLWLHV 7KH VQLSHUV ZHUH DSSDUHQWO\ FOHDUO\ LQVWUXFWHG WR LPSOHPHQW D VKRRW WR NLOO
SROLF\DV WKH\ZHUH WDUJHWLQJYLWDO ERG\RUJDQV6HYHUDO WHVWLPRQLHVFROOHFWHGIURP
WKHUHVLGHQWVRIWKHVHFLWLHVDQGH[DPLQDWLRQVRIWKHHQWU\SRLQWVRIEXOOHWVWKDWYLFWLPV
ZHUHVXEMHFWHGWRFRUURERUDWHHYLGHQFHRIWKHLQVWUXFWLRQVJLYHQWRVQLSHUV 7KH 6WDWHFRQGXFWHG D FDPSDLJQRIDUELWUDU\ DUUHVWLQ DOO WKH FLWLHVXQGHUVLHJH$W
WLPHV WKH\ UHVRUWHG WR LQWLPLGDWLRQ RI WKH IDPLOLHVRISROLWLFDO RSSRQHQWV DQG HYHQ
GHWDLQHGWKHPLQRUGHUWRREWDLQLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHZKHUHDERXWVRIWKHRSSRQHQWV
2QWKHEDVLVRIWKHDYDLODEOHLQIRUPDWLRQWKH1*2VFRQVLGHUWKDWDWDPLQLPXPWKH
IROORZLQJFRQGXFWKDVEHHQFRPPLWWHG
D PXUGHU FRQVWLWXWLQJ D FULPH DJDLQVW KXPDQLW\ XQGHU DUWLFOH D RI WKH
6WDWXWH
E LPSULVRQPHQW RU RWKHU VHYHUH GHSULYDWLRQRI SK\VLFDO OLEHUW\ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI
IXQGDPHQWDOUXOHVRILQWHUQDWLRQDOODZXQGHUDUWLFOHHRIWKH6WDWXWH
F HQIRUFHGGLVDSSHDUDQFHRISHUVRQVXQGHUDUWLFOHLRIWKH6WDWXWHDQG
G SHUVHFXWLRQXQGHUDUWLFOHKRIWKH6WDWXWH
H 7RUWXUHXQGHUDUWLFOHIRIWKH6WDWXWH
7KXV IDU WKH VXEPLWWLQJ 1*2V GRFXPHQWHG PRUH WKDQ FDVHV RI GHDWK IURP
DFURVV6\ULDDVZHOODVPRUHWKDQFDVHVRILQMXU\LQDGGLWLRQWRPRUHWKDQ
FDVHVRIIRUFHGGLVDSSHDUDQFHVDQGFDVHVRIDUELWUDU\GHWHQWLRQDOOVLQFH0DUFK
WK RI WKLV \HDU$PDVVJUDYHZDV DOVR GLVFRYHUHG LQ 'DUDDZKLFK FRQWDLQHG
ERGLHVLQFOXGLQJERGLHVRIFKLOGUHQLQDGGLWLRQWRVLJQLILFDQWLQGLFDWLRQVRIRWKHU
PDVVJUDYHVLQ+RPVDQG+RUDQUHJLRQV7KHPHWKRGRORJ\RIGRFXPHQWDWLRQZKLFK
ZDV IROORZHG E\ WKH UHSRUWLQJ 1*2V LV WKH 2[IRUG 5HVHDUFK *URXS 3URWRFROV
:LWQHVVHVDOVRWROGWKHUHSRUWLQJ1*2VWKDWWKH\DQGRWKHUGHWDLQHHVZHUHVXEMHFWHG
WRYDULRXVIRUPVRIWRUWXUHLQFOXGLQJWRUWXUHZLWKHOHFWURVKRFNGHYLFHVFDEOHVDQG
ZKLSV0RVWDOVRVDLGWKH\ZHUHKHOGLQRYHUFURZGHGFHOOVDQGPDQ\VDLGWKH\ZHUH
GHSULYHGRIVOHHSIRRGDQGZDWHU LQVRPHFDVHV IRU VHYHUDOGD\V6RPHVDLGWKH\
ZHUHEOLQGIROGHGDQGKDQGFXIIHGWKHHQWLUHWLPH