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Internship Final Report - Conservation Leadership Programme
Developing Leadership in the Conservation of Endangered
Bird on Ometepe Island Nicaragua
Host country: Nicaragua (Ometepe
Island Biosphere Reserve) October 9th
to April 9th
Sponsoring: Fauna & Flora
International (Conservation Leadership
Programme)
Intern name: Adonis Antonio Lopez
Lorio.
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone number: 505 77538747
Supervisor name: Angelica Valdivia
(FFI Nicaragua manager).
1
Table of Contents Conservation Leadership Programme .................................................................................... 2
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2
Main goal ................................................................................................................................ 3
Conservation methodology ..................................................................................................... 3
Patrolled and design de strategies de restoration of the specie........................................... 4
Research outputs and results................................................................................................... 5
Short- and long-term impact achievement.............................................................................. 6
Long-term activities ................................................................................................................ 7
Impact in relation to main objective ....................................................................................... 7
conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 7
Thanks .................................................................................................................................... 8
appendix ................................................................................................................................. 9
Nesting Map of Wildlife Refuge Santo Domingo. ............................................................. 9
Nesting Map of Merida National Park ............................................................................... 9
Nesting map of Balgue Community Madera’s National Park .......................................... 10
Nesting Map of LA Palma Community Madera’s National Park. ................................... 10
Identification Nest Form Peña Inculta Wildlife Refuge .................................................. 12
Identification Nest Form Merida, Maderas Volcano National Park. ................................ 13
Identification Nest Form La Palma, Maderas Volcano National Park. ............................ 14
Foraging Form of Yellow Napped Parrot- Peña Inculta Wildlife Refuge ........................ 15
Foraging form of YNP diet at the Madera’s National Park. ............................................. 16
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 25
Comments ............................................................................................................................. 26
2
Conservation Leadership Programme The Ometepe Island is one of the three biosphere reserves that Nicaragua has, with its 276 km2 it
has three protected areas: The Volcano Madera’s National Park, the La Peña Inculta Rio Istian
Wildlife Refuge and the Concepcion volcano Nature Reserve. all of them have very important bird
populations, of which the YNP is in a bearable category due to many factors such as: Forest fires,
the cutting of forests, the illegal looting of wild species and above all the loss of habitat due to the
advancement from the agricultural border. For this research work a methodological process of
collecting information from the field was worked out to know the trees that favour the nesting and
diet of the species, as well as ideas to develop actions to restore the habitat. This work had as results
the classification of a determined number of trees that favour nesting, showing the results of the
two nesting seasons, for each tree a code was given that will be used for future research. In addition,
a list was made of trees with their nutritional value which favour the YNP diet; Based on fieldwork,
ideas for restoring the home were developed. This will mark the beginning of a large work in
conjunction with the Biosphere Reserve communities, schools and environmental groups.
Introduction
Ometepe Island was declared by UNESCO as a “Biosphere Reserve” in 2010, due to its geographical
position, the climate is regulated by the two volcanoes that it possesses and also because it is at the
transition point between the humid region of the Caribbean and the dry region of the pacific.
Ometepe is considered a unique place in all of Nicaragua in terms of biodiversity of flora and fauna.
8 ecosystems in a small area of 276 square km makes Ometepe a refuge for many threatened species
The CLP study was carried out at 4 points in the Biosphere Reserve, which are: the "La Peña Inculta"
Wildlife Refuge located in the community of Santo Domingo and the other three points located in
the Madera’s Volcano National Park: Balgue, Merida and La Palma, as I mentioned before in a small
place of 276 square kilometres we have two different seasons of reproduction of the YNP and
different patterns of nesting behaviour, these places have been monitored for 7 years by the LOCO
research group (observers observing and conserving Ometepe), which later became part of a more
solid group such as the Biometepe cooperative, who is a local partner of FFI in the conservation
work, which together with ONE EARTH COSERVATION have been the fundamental support to
develop the conservation work and studies about this specie.in addition to this work we have as
background the research work on illegal trafficking of YNP by of an intern of the CLP program. Key
support partners for the internship work included: FFI Nicaragua Coordinator, Angelica Valdivia from
whom I received unconditional support and availability, the Biometepe field research team and local
community members
3
Main goal The main objective of the internship was: to strengthen the conservation capacity
of a local leader, with a focus in research project on the nesting behaviour of the
Yellow Napped Parrot (Amazonia Auropalliata) during the two seasons, and the
proposal of restauration plan of species’ habitat in the Ometepe Island Biosphere
Reserve, Nicaragua.
Conservation methodology The methodology process to determinate the tree species that favour the nesting and the
diet of the YNP, this work was made with the help of the people from the communities that
know very well the area and the behaviour of the specie. Additional I had the help from the
Biometepe cooperative investigation group, these one of the objectives important for the
study also is a very important fact in the conservation plan of the YNP (Amazonia
auropalliata) in the Ometepe Biosphere Reserve.
In this CLP study, a research protocol and a schedule of activities were followed that were
designed at the beginning of the study to follow a methodological order when collecting field
data and the development of activities that would help the restoration of the species.
threatened. As a background, field visits were carried out to collect data on the trees that
favoured the YNP diet. Then the field visits were carried out in the company of the research
4
team of the Biometepe cooperative to observe the nesting behaviour of the species where
it consists of three main parts.
Nest identification monitoring: in this period of time we carry out an observation of the
behaviour of the YNP when choosing a tree with the cavity that provides the necessary
conditions for nesting, dedicating a time of two to three days minimum in pairs suspicious
so that when we climb we have a 70% chance that the nest is positive. n the first year and
having the knowledge to expand and achieve a higher percentage in subsequent years. Also
we had this result because last dry season we had a big fire Wood that maen les food
because many trees burnded so the perrot clean the cavity but did not layed , it is worth
mentioning that this bird is very intelligent and this activity is not easy because it tries to
avoid its predators and this includes us.
The escalation: this process is the most difficult, that is why we carry out this activity with
great methodological care since it is somewhat risky for the research team, as well as for
the chicks, taking around 2 months to complete this activity 2 weeks in the Peña Inculta Life
Refuge in the first stage and 6 weeks in the Maderas Volcano National Park in the second
stage. In this activity the research team evaluated many things before climbing a tree for
nest verification: tree condition and position, wind, cavity position difficulty, cavity height,
swarm of bees, or other insects causing injury , health of the climber, psychological condition
of the climber, and signs of activity of the species in the cavity and in the tree (scratch broken
branches, bite of the cavity etc.). In this process, we managed to discard many trees that
did not meet the parameters in this way, to protect the life of the research team.
Patrolled and design de strategies de restoration of the specie. At this point of the investigation, patrolling and safeguarding of the nesting points of the
species were carried out since the looting of chicks for illegal trade is very common. The
most important thing of this research is that in the design of restoration of the species, we
demonstrate that the YNP is essential for the ecosystem, since it is an expert bird in seed
deamination, so all you have to do is follow up on the trees that will be born in the rainy
season as a result of deamination. areas where habitats have been devastated by fire and
the clearing of forests for the sale and use of wood. In addition to this, awareness has been
raised for property owners where this species is used to sleeping since it does so at certain
points within the community, proving to be a very social bird that is worth preserving its
roosts. Another strategy that was developed was a reforestation program on the roosting
route to the nesting points so that they have enough food in the breeding season and
increase the chances of reproduction of the species, another design is the alliance with
producers who reforest areas with trees that are consumable for the species as well as a
community nursery for reforestation of the farms and lastly the continuous work of sensitizing
the general population of the biosphere reserve by demonstrating that it is an essential
species for the balance of the ecosystem and to demonstrate Our YNPs need us as much
as we need them.
5
Research outputs and results
The possibility because we have two times of reproduction responds to a not very rare
pattern but precise and it is the sufficient amount of food available for the young of the chicks
in the two seasons.
The first season (September to October) occurs in the Peña Inculta Wildlife Refuge, we have
the presence of two trees in large numbers, one is the URA CREPITAN that produces a
seed very rich in protein, but toxic that only some animals species can eat and BROSIMUN
ALICASTRUM that produces a fruit with high calcium concentrations which compacts the
diet of the species, in addition to these trees’ species, there are others that will be added in
an appendix table.
In the second season (January to April) occurs in the Madera’s National Park, there is a
large number of trees in the dry and cloud forest that produce fruits and seeds before the
rainy season favouring the YNP reproduction, this is the common season throughout their
range of motion of the specie.
Iven the Biosphere Reserve is a small and the species is the same place the two groups of
parrots are different follow the patrons from their parents to nest in their season that born
The most important trees that favour the diet of the YNP in the Madera’s National Park
breeding area are: MILKARA CHICLE, MANGUIFERA INDICA and TERMINALIA
OBLONGA ( this is also one of the most important trees for nesting) but there is a list of
trees that compact the diet and will be shown in the appendices with their common name,
scientific name, nutritional value, distribution radius with respect to the nesting point, which
part of the tree they consume and time foraging.
There is an important fact found in the investigation and is, that only exist a reduced number
of trees that favour the good nesting condition of YNP, these trees have a very strict
selection and have to have the following conditions: have a degree of difficulty when being
scalded by predators from the ground, safety from air predators, adequate depth, warm for
the incubation and one position that water do not introduced inside producing external
parasite. This makes it vulnerable to looting since upon finding the aforementioned
conditions it returns year after year to the same cavity and also have a very hight competition
for other species of bird and mammals that look for good cavity to breed.
6
The most common trees that offer a good nesting condition in the Wildlife Refuge are URA
CREPITAN (spiky tree difficult for natural predators and looters) STERCULIA APETALA
(slippery and very tall tree difficult for natural predators and looters). And in the Madera’s
National Park the most important trees are TERMINALIA OBLONGA ( very slippery and tall
tree difficult for natural predators and looters) and ENTEROLOBIUM CYCLOCARPUM (very
massive tree and soft bark difficult for predator and difficult to climb for looters) in the
appendix is a work tables of trees that favour nesting condition of YNP from both areas the
Wild Life Refuge La Peña Inculta Rio Istian and the National park will also be presented
with their common name, scientific name, depth of the cavity, diameter of the tree's
circumference, height of the cavity, active or not active this year and the comments.
Also in this research it was found that no matter that the Ometepe Biosphere Reserve is a
small island and the parrots are the same species, both groups follow a different
reproduction pattern based on the food available, which means that the group of parrots
from the Volcan Madera’s National Park never arrives at the Peña Inculta wildlife refuge and
the group of parrots from the La Peña Inculta Rio Istian Wildlife refuge never arrive at Madras
National Park to reproduce.
Short- and long-term impact achievement This investigation helps me to have shore and long-term achievement to work with group
interesting to work in the conservation of the environment from the Ometepe Biosphere
Reserve, which is very important for the conservation of this specie and many species that
are losing the ecosystems where they live.
I present two very important actions of short-term impact of the internship in the organization,
among them are:
1. The internship has allowed me to empower myself with information about the species
and has served to motivate others to conserve not only this specie but also biodiversity in
general.
2. Government institutions and communities now have a benchmark to develop
knowledge, empower others in the protection and conservation of the species.
7
Long-term activities 1. Make population counts throughout the Biosphere Reserve.
2. Make long-term reforestation plans, setting annual goals and planting native trees that
feed birds, especially those that are in danger of extinction such as YNP.
3. Empower communities to strengthen YNP protection, surveillance and conservation.
4. Continue to monitor the behaviour of the species for at least one or two years to create a
solid document to serve as a reference.
5. The number of chicks successfully flying in the biosphere reserve has not yet been
reported to IUCN, but the data can be obtained through copyright.
6. Create a YNP Conservation Network in the Pacific of Nicaragua.
Impact in relation to main objective 1. Improved my capacity for YNP conservation: I have the necessary tools to coordinate all
the activities proposed in this research.
I feel very good because, as I mentioned before, this opportunity gave me the tools I need
to coordinate with conservation leadership to the different groups that are.
2. The results obtained allow me a better vision to determine the next steps in the
conservation of the species.
3. My scientific training has improved and I am committed to continuing with many efforts to
make the habitat restoration plan a reality.
conclusion The YNP is a species that has been threatened due to many factors, which is why this
internship of the Conservation Leadership Program has helped to have a better perception
regarding conservation leadership work since it needs leaders who are willing to coordinate.
Activities that help to give it a big job in restoring the ecosystems that house our severely
threatened species in our Ometepe Island Biosphere Reserve. In addition, this shows
everyone and commit to taking our responsibilities with our world. I belong to the Biometepe
cooperative, a local FFI partner committed to conservation, therefore I feel a great
commitment to launch the projects, in addition to helping others who have leadership to
become a conservation leader and, in this way, achieve much success. on this issue. I have
8
a clear vision to live in the Ometepe Island Biosphere Reserve and continue to belong to
this cooperative therefore I will apply my knowledge in the restoration of the habitat not only
for this bird but for all the birds and animals as they are my passion and this is also your
home opportunity certain species in extinction village.
Thanks I want to show my sincere thanks to the CLP program and all its staff for giving me this
opportunity to belong to this program. Similarly I want to thank the FFI host program for
being the link to accomplish great things. In addition, I want to thank my tutor Angelica
Valdivia who was always close to me to help me and encourage me by giving me the work
strategies. I also want to thank the Biometepe cooperative and also its research team and
the office support team that were always willing help. Finally I want to thank the community
people who were always with me transmitting local knowledge of the species. Thank you all.
9
Appendix
Nesting Map of Wildlife Refuge Santo Domingo.
GPS point of each nest in the area.
Nesting Map of Merida National Park
GPS points of each nest in the area
10
Nesting map of Balgue Community Madera’s National Park
GPS points of each nest in the area
Nesting Map of LA Palma Community Madera’s National Park.
GPS of points of each nest in the area.
11
12
Identification Nest Form Peña Inculta Wildlife Refuge
IDENTIFICATION NEST FORM, FROM WILDLIFE REFUGE LA PEÑA INCULTA
CODE TREE SPECIE CAVITY DEEP
TREE
DIAMETER
HEIGHT
CAVITY
NEST
CONDITION
ACTIVE
:YES/NO GPS OBSERVATION
PAG1
Albizia
saman 74 cm 3.24 M 12.00 M good YES 0657020-1273486
poucheed before that
we climbed, because we
found fether and small
like an active nest.
PSP2
sterculia
apetala 85 cm 13.2 m 12.48 great yes 0657326-1273422 two healty chicks
PSP3
sterculia
apetala 80 cm 11.20 m 23.00 m great yes 0657413-1273343
two failed eggs, because
we think that couple is
old
PUJ4
Ura
Crepitans 70 cm 4.60 m 7.62 m no good no 0657468-1272781
one failed egg, because
the cavity was wet.
PBO5
brossimum
alicastrum 29 cm 3.70 m 15.42 m good yes 0657238-1273245
two unhealty chicks
because the cavity was
wet, so we applyed
medicene and put staff
to dry the cavity
PUJ8
Ura
Crepitans 40 cm 3.80 m 18.67 m great yes 0657337-1272987
two failed eggs, because
predator
PUJ9
Ura
Crepitans 12 cm 3.00 m 13.74 m great yes 0657360-1272848
one chick in the nest
living with a black iguana
PUJ12
Ura
Crepitans 50 cm 3.74 m 13.85 m good yes 0657471-1272936
one chick and one faild
egg.
PUJ14
Ura
Crepitans 40 cm 4.00 m 18.10 m good no 0657418-1273021
signal of perrot activity
but did not lay eggs.
PUO15
brossimum
alicastrum 100 cm 4.30 m 16.60 m good no 0657449-1273290
perrot close and inside
the cavity but no active
this year.
PUJ16
Ura
Crepitans 64 cm 4.30 m 13.00 m good yes 0657349-1273290 two healty chicks
PUJ18
Ura
Crepitans 60 cm 2.66 m 19.10 m ok yes 0657173-1273081 one healty chick
PUJ23
Ura
Crepitans 33 cm 5.90 m 21.75 m great no 0657270-1272542
no active at all and
african bees close to the
cavity.
PUJ25
Ura
Crepitans 50 cm 3.8 m 10 .10 m great yes 0657129-1273357 failed eggs
PUJ27
Ura
Crepitans 58 cm 3.90 m 16.20 m good yes 0657171-1272785 Two healty chicks
PUJ28
Ura
Crepitans 40 cm 4.20 m 21.17 m good no 0657283-1273059
cavity prepered but not
used
PST29
Sideroxylo
n capiri 94 cm 3.30 m 16.10 m great yes 0657341-1272616
two healty chicks and
really great cavity
PUJ30
Ura
Crepitans 68 cm 6.50 m 19.00m great no 0657191-1273195
we found that the
perrots had competition
for the cavity with other
animal
PUJ41
Ura
Crepitans 27 cm 4.3o m 17 .75 m good no 0656315-1273829
we found eggs pieces
but from last year.
PUJ44
Ura
Crepitans 80 cm 2.40 m 15.8 m good yes 0657301-1273336
two healty chicks in very
deeo cavity.
PUJ45
Ura
Crepitans 110 cm 8.10 m 21.40 m good no 0657207-1273358
the cavity was prepared
but no used
PAG46
Albizia
saman 29 cm 2.8 m 6.30 m good no 0656748-1273173
cavity with perrot small
but any signal of active
nest
PSP47
sterculia
apetala 105 cm 7.00 m 10.00 m ok no 0656909-1273138
we saw the perrot get in
the cavity many time but
di not find any active
singnal
PUJ 48
Ura
Crepitans 83 cm 4.20 m 14 .67 m good yes 16p 0656990-1273111 one healty chick
PUJ49
ura
Crepitans 60 cm 4.00 m 11.40 m good no 16p 0657381-1272683
piece of dead wood in
the meddle of the cavity
PUJ50
Ura
Crepitans 120 cm 3.00 m 5,30 mts ok no 16p 0657209-1272502
PCG51
cecropia
Peltata 58 cm 80 cm 7.10 m great yes 16p 0657283-127215
This nest had three
chicks and was pouched
PUJ52
Ura
Crepitans 35 cm 3.30 m 19.50 m ok yes 16p 0657312-1272549 one healty chicks
13
Identification Nest Form Merida, Maderas Volcano National Park.
IDENTIFICATION NEST FORM- BALGUE COMMUNITY -MADERAS NATIONAL PARK
code tree specie deep cavity
Tree
Diameter
Cavity
Height
nest
condition active GPS observations
MBAC1
Albizia
adinocephala 12 cm 2.36 mts 19.8 mts good no 0661665-1268975
they prepere the nest, but
did not put eggs
MBTG4
Terminalia
Oblonga 80 cm 4 m 12.48m great yes 0662072-1269158one chick in side
MBTG5
Terminalia
Oblonga 75 cm 4.76 cm 14.63 m great yes 0662312-1269374three healthy chicks
MBTG7
Terminalia
Oblonga 21 cm 5.50 m 21.85 m great no 0661909-1268623
they were close of the
cavity many time but did
not lay egg
MBTG8
Terminalia
Oblonga 25 cm 2.30 m 17.7m no good yes 0662481-1268763
three unhealthy chicks, we
clean the cavity and chicks
MBSG11
Sterolobium
syclocarpum 83.cm 4 m 13.70 m great yes 0662840-1269003Two healthy chicks
MB?G14 Inga edulis 23 cm 2.80 m 8.90 m good no 0661656-1269189
cople of perrot visiting the
cavity but did not lay eggs
because angree ants
MBOA18 ocotea tenera 2.90 m 12.13 m great no 0662284-1270106
perrot inside of the cavity
when we climbed the tree,
but the cavity was super
deep
MBTG20
Terminalia
Oblonga 60 cm 2.70 m 8.50 m great yes 0662624-1268704one chick in side
MBTG23
Terminalia
Oblonga 48 cm 4.62 m 17.45 m great yes 0660990-1269085one chick in side
MBTG24
Terminalia
Oblonga 34 cm 4.81 m 14.00 m great no 0661279-1268823
we saw the perrot inside
three time, but did not lay
eggs
MBTG25
Terminalia
Oblonga 65 cm 3.47 m 12.53 m great no 0661336-1269283
we saw perrot close the
cavity but when we
climbed the tree was an
owl nesting.
MBPZ27 Puteria Sapota 63 cm 2.30 m 8.7 m great yes eaten for the predators
MBCC29
Cerdrela
Odorata 2.50 m 15.53 m not good no 0662009-1268641smell like purqus spin
MBJ30
Spondias
mombin 98 cm 2.24 m 13.08 m great yes 0662002-1268649Two healthy chicks
MBTG31
Terminalia
Oblonga 22 cm 6.48 m 14.15 m not good yes 0661911-1268633Two healthy chicks
MBEG32
Esterolobium
Cyclocarpum 12 cm 3.5m 14.9 m good no any signal of active nest
MBTG33
Terminalia
Oblonga 23 cm 6.36 m 14.29 m good yes 0662835-1268800three healthy chicks
MBTG 34
Terminalia
Oblonga 18 cm 4.90 m 20.10 m great yes 0661685-1269291three healthy chicks
MBTG37
Terminalia
Oblonga 45 cm 3.89 m 14. 55 great yes 0661122-1268956Two healthy chicks
MBCM38
calycophyllum
candidissimu
m 45 cm 2.13 m 8.13 m great yes 0662270-1268875pouched nest
MBCM39
calycophyllum
candidissimu
m 1.00 m 1.67 m 11.84 m great yes 0663379-1269839Two healthy chicks
MBCM40
calycophyllum
candidissimu
m 30 cm 2.45 m 12.00 m good no 0662286-1269775no signal of active nest
MBTG41
Terminalia
Oblonga 110 cm 3.60 m 10.07 m not good no 0661053-1269006
we saw activity of the
perrot but was not signal
of active nest.
14
Identification Nest Form La Palma, Maderas Volcano National Park.
IDENTIFICATION NEST FORM LA PALMA MADERAS NATIONAL PARK
codigo
Especies de
arboles Profundida Diametro
Altura de la
cavidad
Condicion
del nido active nest Puntos GPS observaciones
MPTG2
Termilia
Oblonga yes 066701-1267165
we could not climed
the tree, bcause was a
wasps nest and the tree
was almost dead, but
we monitored the nest
many days.
MPTG3
Termilia
Oblonga 50 cm 2.40 m 12.21 m good no 0666662-1266791
the nest was prepered,
but was not used
MPLP8
lagerstroemia
speciosa 130 cm 2.55 m 13.5 m great yes 066787-1267138
one chick and two
faded eggs
MPEG9
enterolobium
Cyclocarpum 98 cm 3.65 m 9.77 m great yes 0666515-1266836
we found three eggs
but faded
MPHG10
Hymenaea
courbaril yes 066372-1266891
we could not climbed
the tree, because the
tree was dead.
MPTG11
Termilia
Oblonga 88 CM 1.74 M 12.78 M great yes 0666657-1265827 Two healty chicks
MPEG12
enterolobium
Cyclocarpum 70 cm 4.76 m 12.81 m great yes 0667616-1265785 Two healty chicks
MPTG13
Termilia
Oblonga YES
we could not climed
the tree, bcause was a
dead branch , but we
monitored the nest
many days.
MPEG14
enterolobium
Cyclocarpum 80 cm 6.22 m 15.23 m great yes 0666264-1266368 Three healty chicks
MPTG15
Termilia
Oblonga 60 cm 2.36 m 14.00 m great NO 0666430-1266505
we saw perrot inside,
they prepered nest, but
did not used
15
Foraging Form of Yellow Napped Parrot- Peña Inculta Wildlife Refuge
# Commun Name Cientific Name Family
Fruits, seeds,
and flower
Notrition
Facts
Distance in
Ration place
foraging
Place
Condition of
the Foraging
Place
Competition for the
Foraging Place
1 Jabillo Hura crepitans Euforbiaceas seeds
Proteine and
calcium 5 km Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon good Non
2 Caw Tree
Brosimum
Alicastrum Moraceas Fruits. Calcium 5 km peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon good
Monkeys, birds,
Iguana, squirreland
bats.
3 Trompet Tree Cecropia peltata Cecropiaceas fruto
Vitamine E
and Proteine 10 Km
Peña Inculta
and places
aroud it
morning and
afternoon good
Monkeys, birds,
Iguana, squirreland
bats.
4 Oange Citrus Rutaceas fruto Vitamina C 10 km
alrededor de la
Peña Inculta tarde bueno
Humans and other
Psitcidos.
5 Trema Trema Micrantha Ulmaceae
fruits and
Flowers.
Vitamine E
and Proteine 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno
Bats, other Psitacidos,
birds and Squirrel.
6 Panama sterculia apetala Malvaceae seeds
Fiber and
Proteine 5 km Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno ninguna
7 Sour Orange citrus Aurantium Rutaceas seeds Vitamina C 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta afternoon bueno
Humans and other
Psitacidos.
8 Moringa Moringa Oleifera Moringaceae Flowers
Iron, vitamine
C, E ,Calcium
etc 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno birds and Iguanas
Lemon Citrus x Limon Rutacea Fruits Vitamina C 10 km
alrededores de
la Peña Inculta afternoon bueno
humans and other
Psitacidos
10 Mandarine Citrus xTangerina Rutacea Fruits vitamina C 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta afternoon bueno
humans and other
psitacidos
11 tiguilote Cordia Alba Boraginaceae
Flowers and
Fruits 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno
bats, birds and other
psitacidos
12 chilamate Ficus spp Moraceae Flowers 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno Non
13 spanish Cedar Cedrela Odorata Meliaceae Flowers 5km a 10 km
La Peña Inculta
and places
around.
morning and
afternoon malo squirrel
14 Neem Azadirachta Indica meliaceae Fruits 10 km
places around
La Peña Inculta
morning and
afternoon bueno
Bats, Bell bird and Black
Head Trogon
15 mango Manguifera Indica Anacardiaceae
Flowers and
Fruits
carbohidratos,
proteina,
sodio etc. 10 km
alrededores de
la peña inculta all day bueno
Humans, other
Psitacidos, monkeys,
iguanas and squirrel
Foraging of the YNP Life Refuge La Peña Inculta
16
Foraging form of YNP diet at the Madera’s National Park.
#
Commun
Name Cientific Name Family
Friut, seed
and flower Nutrtion Facts
Distnace in
Ratio Plece foreging Time
Foreging condition
plae
competition for the
foreging place.
1 chicle tree
Manilkara
Chicle Euforbiaceas Fruit calorias 5 km in the national park Morning and afternoon good
Monkey, birdsand
squirrel
2 Guacimo
Guazuma
Ulmifolia Sterculiceae fruit Calsio 5 km in the national park Morning and afternoon good
mokeys, birds,and
bats.
3 Trompet Tree
Cecropia
peltata Cecropiaceas
Fruit and
Flowers
Vitamine E
and proteine 10 Km
in the communities
and national park Morning and afternoon bad
Monkey,bird, Black
iguana,squirril and
bats.
4 ORANGE Citrus Rutaceas seed Vitamina C 10 km alrededor de la Peña Incultaafternoon good
Humans, otros
pcitasidos
5 Yellow Elder Tecoma Stans Binoniaceae fruit
proteine and
fiber 10 km
and the
communities and
the national park all day good oher pcitasidos
6 avocado
Persea
Americana Lauraceae
fruit and
flowers
vitamine A,B
and E M in the communities
Morning and
afternoon good
hunman, squerril
and other birds
7 Sour Orange
citrus
Aurantium Rutaceas seeds Vitamina C 5 to 10 Km in the communities afternoon good
Humans and other
pcitasidos.
8 Nance
Byrsonima
Crassifolia Malpighiacea flowers Vitamine E 5 to 10 km in the communities
Morning and
afternoon good
birds, black iguana
and other Pcitasidos
Lemon Citrus x Limon Rutacea seeds Vitamina C 5 to 10 km in the coomunities afternoon good
Humans and other
Psitacidos
10 Mandarine
Citrus
xTangerina Rutacea seeds vitamina C 10 km in the coomunities afternoon good
humans and other
pcitsidos
11 tiguilote Cordia Alba Boraginaceae
Fruit and
Flowers
Vitamine E
and proteine 10km
in between the
communities and
the national park
Morning and
afternoon good
Bats,birds and other
pcitasidos.
12 Chilamate Ficus spp Moraceae
Fruit and
Flowers vitamine D 15 km Alrededores de la peña Inculta
Morning and
afternoon good
Birds, bats and
monkeys.
13 Spanish Cedar
Cedrela
Odorata Meliaceas Fruit
proteine and
fiber 10km
in between the
communities and
the national park
Morning and
afternoon bad Squirrel
14 Neem
Azadirachta
Indica meliaceae fruit
proteine and
vitamine E 5 to 10 km
between the
communities and
national park
Morning and
afternoon good
Bats, Bell Bird and
black head trogon
15 Mango
Manguifera
Indica Anacardiaceae Fruit and Flowers
carbohidrats,
proteine,
sodium etc. 5 to 10 km in the communities all day good
Humans, other
Psitasidos, monkeys
black iguana, birds
and squierrel.
16 Trema
Trema
Micrantha Ulmaceae
flowers and
Fruit
vitamine E
proteine 5 km in the national park all day good
birds, black iguana
and other Pcitasidos
17 Guanacaste
Enterolobium
Cyclocarpum Fabaceae Seeds Proteine 5 km in the national park
Morning and
afternoon good Other Pcitasidos
18 stinking Toe
Hymenaea
Coubaril Fabaceae Seeds. proteine 5 km in the national park
Morning and
afternoon good Non
19 Guayabon
Terminalia
Oblonga Combretaceae Seeds. Proteine 5 km in the national park
Morning and
afternoon good Birds
20 Ecuador Laurel
Cordia
Alliadora Boraginaceae
Flower and
fruit
Proteine and
vitamine E 7 km
communities and
natinal park
Morning and
afternoon good birds.
21 Tamarind
Tamarindus
Indica Fabaceae Seeds.
Vitamine C
and B, calcium
and Iron 7 km in the communities
Morning and
afternoon ok
Humans and other
Psitacidos
22 Guava
Psidium
Guajava Myrtaceae Friut
Vitamine A, C,
Calcium and
Phosphorous 5 km in the communities
Morning and
afternoon good
Squrril, humans,
birds and monkey
23 Little Avocado Ocotea Tenera Lauraceae Fruit
vitamine A, B
and E 5 km in the national park
Morning and
afternoon good Big birds.
24 Lancewood
Calycophyllum
candidissimum Rubiaceae Seeds.
proteine and
fiber 7 Km
in the communities
and national park
morning and
afternoon good birds
25 Jobillo
Astronium
Graveolens Ana cardiaceae flower
fiber and
proteine 7 km
in the communities
and national park
Morning and
afternoon ok monkeys and birds
26 Rain Tree Albizia Saman Fabaceae
Flowers and
fruits
Proteine and
Calcium 7 km
in the communities
and national park
Morning and
afternoon good bird and Iguana
27 Quick Stick
Gliricidia
Sepium Fabaceae Flowers
proteine and
fiber 7 km
in the communities
and national park
Morning and
afternoon good
Iguana and some
birds
17
Work done in January February and march
Monitoreador: Adonis López
18
General
In January, February and March, monitoring began in the Madera’s Volcano National Park
in exactly three communities: Mérida Balgue and La Palma. I am working on the verification
of nests that were active in previous years in the Merida community, of which almost 100%
show signs of being active except for a nest that parrots laid a dry trunk last year and this
year it fell apart from the verification work has been done in search of new nests which the
team from the Merida community have found a good percentage.
Facts
In the verification program in January I was working 6 days a week. These days I agreed
with the monitoring coordinator to see the areas that were going to be covered and the
strategies that were going to be implemented so that I could coordinate the work with the
community and thus the monitoring of the month of January it was a success.
In addition, I was making field expedition to see the nesting behaviour of the LNA, in which
I managed to see a different behaviour of the species in the three communities where the
monitoring is being carried out, at the time they visited the cavity, also as regards to the
species of trees they chose and the degree of difficulty of access to the cavity when nesting.
I also did a survey of the feeding points and routes, as well as the trees on which the species
feeds and the trees that it prefers to feed its chicks, also the coincidence of the fruit season
with the chick season. In these observations, I made very good findings, regarding the trees
of loquat of mountain, guayabon of mountain, avocado, mango among others.
19
In addition, I have visited the roosting points and observed the behavior of the species that
changes greatly because in the month of January only the male was returning to sleep and
it was very late which means that it is the incubation season and the female is it remained
in the nest while the male kept watch late and when there was almost no light he returned
to the roosts
20
Collecting information about diet of YNP Working with community people checking the area that need restauration in Merida-National Park
Tecoma Stans Fruit one of the favorite fruit of YNP Universities and Farmer finding the way to make tourism and protect the YNP
Hymenaea Coubaril fruit, hard fruit that only YNP can eat YNP foraging flower in Gliricidia Sepium tree. 5:30 AM
21
Fruit of Manilkara Chicle eaten by YNP YNP forging seed on Gliricidia Sepium 5:50 PM
Perrot fogarín in Guazuma Ulmifolia Perrot fogarín in Enterolobium Cyclocarpum
Collecting information about the diet of YNP In La Palma Madera’s National Park.
Milkara Chicle fruit eaten by parrot 6:00 am
22
t
YNP getting inside of the cavity nest YNP getting out of cavity nest
YNP chicks in a cavity nest La Palma- Madera’s National Park
Three healthy chicks of YNP in the cavity nest MeridaMaderas National Park. One week left to fly. 06/04/ 20- 7:15 AM
Two healthy chicks of YNP in the cavity nest Wildlife Refuge Peña Inculta December 2020.
Three eggs of YNP in the cavity nest Balgue -Maderas National Park.
23
Climbing team working in Merida- Madera’s National Park Cheeking the chicks and collecting dates of the
nesting time in the wildlife Refuge Peña Inculta
Climbing tree with nest in Merida Madera’s National Park
Working in monitoring of the nest. Mérida team Maderas National Park
Working in climbing trees with nest in La Palma Madera’s National Park
Taking measures of a chick in the Wildlife Refuge Peña Inculta
24
Example of processing information from the field paper.
Guarding the nesting area with the police. Merida- Madera’s National Park.
End of 9 km over the nesting area Merida-Madera’s National Park
End of 7 km, guarding with the police La Palma- Madera’s National Park
Merida team, we found poachers trying to get chicks from the nest.
Example of pouched nest from this year Merida- Madera’s National Park.
25
Bibliography
Zuchowski, W. (2007). Tropical Plants of Costa Rica. New York: A Zona Tropical
Publication.
Google-Wikipedia
Data base of BIOMETEPE COOP.
[email protected]. Lezama et al. 2004 Wiendenfeld et al 1999
26
Comments Throughout this 6 month it was very interesting to work on data collection and the
development of strategies that would help to restore the ecosystems of the Ometepe Island
Biosphere Reserve, giving an opportunity for recovery not only of our endangered species
if not of all birds. This work made me very excited since I am someone who is passionate
about birds and working to lead the conservation of these birds is something that
undoubtedly gave my life and heart. I am currently working with the authority of the Ministry
of Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA) to prepare an official document of the
data and results obtained during the internship. Also, I am looking for support from the FFI
host program to do a Second data survey in the following two nesting seasons and see if
there is a variable in the nesting and feeding behaviour of the species and the document
that, I am making is valid. I have the feeding and nesting tables in excel, I sent them a photo,
but if you need the documents, I can send them to you.
I hope the information you sent them is helpful and if you need more information, I will be
available. I hope this is not a goodbye if not a see you soon.
