Issue 82 Oct - Documentation Center of Cambodia

eess~~rreellxxeennHH ³³ eGo em:gRTI/ epg BgSr:asuI/ qay NaerOn/ Ekv dasuIl/ ng ]tþtara/ )‘ag BIv½n/ sU hVarINa/ s‘UhSan GuI Xuk/ em:g rsµI/

tug v:a GGññkknniiBBnn§§nniiggRRssaavvRRCCaavv ³³ lI supl/ Ny suparI/ DI xaMbUlI GGññkkbbkkEERRbb ³³ )an; cMerIn/ ):an; suIm:aLa nniiBBnn§§nnaayykkTTUUeeTTAA ³³ qaMg yu

RRkkaahhVViikkkkuuMMBBüüÚÚTT½½rr ³³ Kwm suvNÑdanI RRKKbb;;RRKKggkkaarrEEcckkppSSaayy ³³ r½tñ taraBiedar Email: [email protected], Homepage: www.dccam.org

rrkkSSaassiiTT§§ii

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayeday

RksYgB½t’manénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa

RbkaseTsrdæm®nþInigrdæm®nþIRksYgB½t’man

elx 0291Bm/99

cuHéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1999

rUbftÉksar ³ mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

nigsarmnIÞr]Rkidækm~Rbl½yBUCsasn_TYlEsøg

TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCamatika

sMbuRt ³ esovePAsikSaRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü >>>>>>>>>>>>>1

EpñkÉksar

RsI Ej:mbUr:ak;suI ³ GtItnisSitsßabtükmµ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

bBa¢IeQ~aHCnrgeRKaHEdlkemÞcenAmnÞIr s-21 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav

KukExµrRkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

cMNg]RkidæækmµmnÞIrsnþisuxPUmiPaKnirtI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

CIvitsl;BIesckþIsøab; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>19

RbePTénGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>21

RkúmRKÜsarrbs; emOg pan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

karsgswkminEmnCadMeNaHRsay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28

EbkbIþeRBaHPaBGt;Xøan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29

shKmn_camenAPUmiERBkRbFatu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31

karcUlrYmrbs;CnrgeRKaH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34

Epñkc,ab;

eKalkarN_mUldæannigeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIsiT§iTTYl)annUv >>>>>>>>>39

evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³

esckþIseRmcGnum½tedaymhasnñi)atGgÁkarshRbCaCati >>>>>>>>48

TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar

´ nig fñaMCk;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>57

etI BU bgRbús´ nigCnrgeRKaH nwgTTYl)anyutþiFm’ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>58

elx82 Extula qñaM2006

EsVgrkkarBit

GñkRsukkMBugBinitüemIleQµaHnigrUbftsac;jatienAKukTYlEsøg

rrkkeeXXIIjjrrUUbbffttssaacc;;jjaattiieennAAKKuukkTTYYllEEssøøgg

GñkdMeNIrcinmñak;eQµaH CI takVan; )anerobrab;[BiPB

elak)andwgGMBIerOgr:avrbs;Kat;enAR)asaTGgÁrvtþkalBI

800qñaMmun. taMgBIeBlenaHmkGñkRsavRCavCaeRcIn

eTot )ankMBugEtsresrRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCasRmab;[eyIg

sikSa. manGñkRsavRCavCan;x<s;CaeRcInsikSaRsavRCav

BIsm,tþivb,Fm’d¾mantémørbs;eyIgnigRbvtþisa®sþfµI²

dUcCaGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_km<úCaenAcenøaHqñaM1975nig

qñaM1979CaedIm. k¾b:uEnþCamYynwgesovePAsikSa Rbvtþi

sa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü

EdlCasñaédrbs;GñkRsav

RCavRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCa

FibetyüeQµaH DI xaMbUlI

enATIbMput RbCaCnkm<úCa

kMBugEtcab;epþImkargarRsav

RCav nigkt;RtaerOgr:avGtIt

kalénRbeTsCatirbs;xøÜn.

esovePAsikSafµIenHnwgbgðaj

GMBIkarRsavRCavEdlman

ry³eBlBIrqñaM nigbgðajGMBIGtßbTRbvtþisa®sþEbbenHCa

elIkTImYyEdlsresredayRbCaCnkm<úCav½yekµg.

karkt;RtaGMBIsm½ykald¾exµAggwténRbvtþisa®sþ

km<úCasRmab;ekµgCMnan;eRkayGacCakarRbfuyRbfannwg

kareFVI[sñamrbYscas;esIerIeLIgvijsRmab;CnrgeRKaHén

rbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü. RbCaCnkm<úCaCaeRcInBüayam

bMePøcrbbexµAggwtenH nigBüayampøas;bþÚrCIvitfµIrbs;xøÜn.

k¾b:uEnþ éCOCak;faeyIgnwgminGacpøas;bþÚrCIvitfµIrbs;eyIg

edaykarpSHpSaxøÜnÉgnigkarpSHpSaGñkdéT)aneT drabNa

eyIgminTan;)anedaHRsayerOgr:avGtItkal EsVgyl;

GMBIerOgr:avTaMgLaynigmUlehtuEdl)anekIteLIgénrbb

enH. karEsVgyl;CamYyRbvtiþsa®sþenH eyIgBitCaGac

cab;epþImdMeNIrkarpSHpSa)an. eRkABIeKalbMNgénkar

beRmI[sisSanusisSfñak;viTüal½y esovePAmYyenHk¾man

témøesµI²KñasRmab;mnusSeBjv½yEdr. eyIgTaMgGs;Kña

GacsikSaemeronTaMgLayBIRbvtþisa®sþrbs;eyIg. tam

karRbQmmuxnwgsm½ykald¾exµAggwténGtItkalrbs;

eyIg eyIgGaceFVIkarsikSaGMBIsm½ykald¾exµAggwtenHnig

bnþdMeNIreq<aHeTAmux edIm,IERbkøayRbCaCnénRbCaCati

mYy[xitxMRbwgERbgkñúgkar

Tb;sáat;karkekIténGMeBIRb-

l½yBUCsasn_enAéf¶GnaKt

TaMgenAkñúgTwkdIrbs;xøÜnnigenA

kñúgbNþaRbeTsCaeRcIneTot

EdlsBVéf¶kMBugEtRbQm

muxnwgkarrMelaPbMBany:ag

F¶n;F¶relIsiT§imnusS. mü:ag

eTot tamry³karTTYlxus

RtÚvkñúgkarbeRgónkulbuRt

kulFItaExµrtamry³GtßbTsikSa dUcCaesovePAenHCaedIm

RbeTskm<úCanwgbnþdMeNIreq<aHeTAmux nigbMBak;bMb:nkul

buRtkulFItaCMnan;eRkayEdlmanPar³kñúgkarFanamin[

GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ekIteLIgCafµImþgeTotenAkñúgRbeTs

km<úCa. qaMg yu

esovePAsikSaRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü

EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 1


sMbuRt ³

kMNt;cMNaM

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)annigkMBugvaytémøesovePA

sikSafµIenHehIyrMBwgfanwgGacbBa©ÚledayEpñkb¤TaMgRsug

énesovePAeTAkñúgkmµviFICatinaeBlxagmuxenH.

RsI Ej:mbUr:ak;suI ekItenAsgáat;elx2 RkúgPñMeBj.

RbBn§rbs; bUr:ak;suI eQµaH GgÁa bUrI. GñkTaMgBIrmankUnRsI

mñak;. bUr:ak;suI man«BukeQµaH RsI sineDom CacaghVag

tulakarsaladMbUg nigmþayeQµaH Kwm KuN. bUr:ak;suI man

bgb¥ÚgbegáIt14nak; RsI11 nak;. bUr:ak;suI CakUnTI8.

GMLúgqñaM1969-1972 bUr:ak;suI eronfñak;TIbInig

eronfñak;eRtómmhaviTüal½ysßabtükmµ. bUr:ak;suI RtÚv)an

eRCIstaMg[eFVICaKN³kmµkarsalanigCaRbFankumµ:g;dUsisS

RbcaMsala. eqøót»kasenH bUr:ak;suI )aneXasnaGb;rM

sisSnisSit[KaMRTrbbesrInigRbqaMgrbbkumµ úynisþ.

kñúgGMLúgeBlsikSa bUr:ak;suI )ancUlrYmvaysisSBIrnak;[

snøb;edaysarEtsisSenaHbeBa©jCMhrRbqaMgnwgrbb

esrI.

enAqñaM1973 bUr:ak;suI cUleronfñak;qñaMTI1enAmha-

viTüal½ysßabtükmµ. eRkABIsikSa bUr:ak;suI )ancUleFVICa

TahanBak;s½kþi1. bUra:k;suI )anTak;Tg éx m:at;TUrI CaRbFan

sala nig kul Nuk CaTahans½kþi3 Cajwkjab; edIm,I

BieRKaHsßanPaBneya)ayenAkñúgRsuk. eRkaymk éx

m:at;TUrI nig kul Nuk )anGb;rM bUr:ak;suI [cUlbeRmI

es>GuI>Ga.

enAEx4qñaM1973 bUr:ak;suI )ancUleronneya)ay

es>GuI>Ga¬sikSaeRbóbeFoblT§ikumµúynisþnigelakesrI¦

ry³eBl2ExenAkariyal½yrbs; lun Nun eRkamkar

beRgón rbs; GYg saEr:l Bak;s½kþi5/ RBIg kI Bak;s½kþi3/

nig kul Nuk Bak;s½kþi3.

BIrExeRkaymk bUr:ak;suI )ancUlCasmaCikes>GuI>Ga

eBjlkçN³ eRkamkarENnaMBI kul Nuk enApÞHrbs;eQ~aH

enHEtmþg nigedaymankarTTYlsÁal;BI Ev:n sMbuk.

bUr:ak;suI manzan³CaPñak;garnigTTYl)anR)ak;Ex60/000

erolkñúgmYyEx. kñúgeBlbBa©ÚlCasmaCikes>GuI>Ga

sMbuk nig kul Nuk )anerobcMBiFIedaymankarsuIpwk

bnþicbnþÜc nigmankarENnaMxøHedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIParkic©enAkñúg

GgÁkarenH. bnÞab;mk smaCikmñak;²)aneLIgcab;GarmµN_

BImUlehtunigeKalbMNgkñúgkarcUlCasmaCikes>GuI>Ga

nigebþCJaesµaHRtg;nigh‘anbþÚrCIvitRKb;eBlevlaedIm,IbeRmI

GgÁkarenH. enAExsIha bU:r:ak;suI )anraykarN_[ kul

Nuk famannisSitmñak;eQµaH XYn sahu‘n manskmµPaB

RbqaMgrdæaPi)al ln; nl; rYck¾cab;xøÜnnisSitenaHykeTA

[bU:lis.

enAqñaM1974 bUr:ak;suI )aneXasnanigGb;rMnisSit[

eRkakQreLIgRbqaMgrbbkumµúynisþenAtammhaviTüal½y

eBTü mhaviTüal½yGkSrsa®sþmhaviTüal½yviTüasa®sþ

viTüal½y 18mIna nigviTüal½ykm<úCbuRt. bUr:ak;suI ksag

kmøaMges>GuI>Ga)ancMnYn4nak;kñúgGMLúgeBleXasnaenaH.

bUr:ak;suI TTYlbnÞúkesuIbkarN_BIskmµPaBrbs;kmøaMgExµr

RkhmenAtamsala ehIyraykarN_[ kul Nuk nig sMbuk

Caerogral;Ex.

enAqñaM1975 bUr:ak;suI cUlCasmaCiksmaKmbBaØvnþ

RbqaMgnwgbkSkumµúynisþ\NÐÚcin Edlman sn fat Ca

RbFan.

eRkayéf¶C½yCmñH17ExemsaqñaM1975 bUr:ak;suI

RtÚv)anCemøóseTAenAPUmibwgRBav XuMERsGMbil Rsuk

ERsGMbil extþkMBt. enAExsIha bUr:ak;suI )anTak;Tg

RBM bu‘n GKÁnaykFnaKarBaNiC¢kmµenARkúgkMBg;esam.

RBM bu‘n )anGb;rMnigENnaM bUr:ak;suI [cUlrYmkñúgclna

ecaréRB RbqaMgnwgGgÁkarbdivtþn_. mYyExeRkaymk

RsI Ej:mbUr:ak;suI ³ GtItnisSitsßabtükmµ

2 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

elx82 Extula qñaM2006 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar

¬GtßbTsegçbecjBIcemøIysarPaB¦

bUr:ak;suI )ancUlCasmaCikecaréRBenAPUmibwgRBav eRkam

karENnaM nigTTYlsÁal;BI RBM bu‘n. enAExtula bUr:ak;suI

)aneXasnanigENnaMyuvCnenAkñúgPUmibwgRBav[RbqaMg

nwgGgÁkarbdivtþn_. enAcugqñaM bUr:ak;suI )anTak;Tg Gun

Gñkbec©keTsm:asuInkMBg;EpenARkúgkMBg;esamedIm,IGnuvtþ

EpnkarecaréRB.

enAedImqñaM1976 bU:r:ak;suI )aneTACYb Gun nig maX

enApÞHrbs; Gun ehIy)anTTYlParkic©cMnYn5 ³ 1¦RbmUl

kmøaMgyuvCnnigTak;TgExSbNþajedIm,IRbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_

2¦ bøn;GavuFBIyuT§CnnigGñkyamehIyrt;cUléRB 3¦

bøn;niglYcGgárenAXøaMgshkrN_PUmibwgRBav 4¦Gnuvtþ

skmµPaBecaréRBedayykTg;sasnaCabEg¥kTak;Taj

kmøaMgRbCaCnnigrkes,óg 5¦RbmUlkmøaMgrt;cUléRB

enAéf¶TI29 Exemsa qñaM1976. Gun nig maX min)an

R)ab;BITisedA nigExSbNþajenAkñúgéRBdl; bUr:ak;suI eT

bu:EnÒsnüafanwgR)ab;enAeBlCYbKñaenAkñúgéRB.

enAExmIna bUr:ak;suI nig muI TIm )anBRgIkkmøaMgecaréRB

cMnYn6nak;enAPUmibwgRBav. bUr:ak;suI )anTak;TgCamYy

maX edIm,IP¢ab;ExSBRgIkkmøaMgGnuvtþEpnkarecaréRB TTYl

Epnkarcat;taMgBRgIkkmøaMgEpñkyuvCn eRtómes,óg nig

smÖarTukrt;cUléRB. bUr:ak;suI nig maX )anerobcMEpnkar

smøab;GñkyamGgárenAPUmibwgRBavedIm,Ibøn;ykGgár nig

kaMePøIg ehIyrt;cUléRBedIm,IvayGgÁkarbdivtþn_vij.

bUr:ak;suI )anlYcGgárshkrN_5etAnigfñaMeBTüRbEhlCit

200RKab;eRtómTukedIm,Irt;cUléRB.

enAExemsa bUr:ak;suuI )anTTYlEpnkarBI maX nig Gun

[RbmUlkmøaMgrt;cUléRBenAeRtIyxagekItRsukERsGMbil

nigcab;GnuvtþskmµPaBtamEpnkarEdl)aneRKagTuk.

enAéf¶TI14 Exemsa bUr:ak;suI RtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜnehIybBa¢Ún

mkmnÞIrs-21 ¬KukTYlEsøg¦.

cemøIysarPaBrbs; bUr:ak;suI CaÉksarsresreday

édman11TMB½r EdlmanbBa¢ak;BIRbvtÒipÞal;xøÜnnigkarTak;Tg

CamYyes>GuI>Ga. enAkñúgcemøIysarPaBmin)anbBa¢ak;fa

bU:rak;suI RtÚv)ankemÞcenAéf¶NaeT.

GGMMBBIIbbggbb¥¥ÚÚnnbbeeggááIItt

TI1¦eQµaH Ej:m v:an;vI ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH lwm rs;

CardæelxaFikarRksYghirBaØvtßú. TI2¦ Ej:m eTBbUrI

ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH sU esOn CasuPacarburstulakar

enAPñMeBj. TI3¦ Ej:m suxun ePTRsI CaRKÚbeRgón bÒI

eQµaH esam eKOn CaTahanm:arIns½kÒi5enARkúgRBH-

sIhnu. TI4¦ Ej:m sn;fat ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH eGam

saxn CaGnurdæelxaFikarKy. TI5¦ RsIEj:m suIEdl

ePTRbús CaTahan s½kÒi3. TI6¦ Ej:m can;FI ePTRsI

bÒIeQµaH Ekm NavI CardæelxaFikarXøaMgR)ak;. TI7¦

Ej:m suIsar³ ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH Guwg bUrI CaGnurdæelxa

FikarFnaKarCatikm<úCa. TI8¦ RsIEj:m bUr:ak;suI. TI9¦

RsIEj:m bUr:ak;siT§ ePTRbús CanisSitmhaviTüal½y

c,ab;. TI10¦ Ej:m RbesIr ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH cab

sMGul Casa®sÒacarüviTüal½yk,alfñl;. TI11¦ Ej:m

EkvmunIr:a ePTRsI bÒIeQµaH sU v:an;DI CaTahans½kÒi2.

TI12¦ Ej:m pan;eNt ePTRsI CasisSfñak;bBa©b;.

TI13¦ Ej:m pan;Nat ePTRsI CasisSfñak;TI1.

TI14¦ Ej:m suv:an;r½tñ ePTRsI CasiSsfñak;TI3.

eeQQµµaaHHGGññkkBBaakk;;BB½½nn§§kkññúúggcceemmøøIIyyssaarrPPaaBB

GYg saEr:l CaTahans½kþi5nigCardæm®nþIRksYg

saFarNkarsaFarNrdæExµr ln; Nun b¥ÚnRbúsrbs; ln;

nl; kul Nuk Tahans½kþi3enACamYy ln; nl; RBIg kI

Bak;s½kþi3 Ev:n sMbuk naykariyal½yEG‘>ed>eG‘H Guwm

yUéh tMNagra®sþ éx m:at;TUrI RbFannisSitenAmha

viTüal½ysßabtükmµ sux Nm GtItnisSitmhaviTüal½y

sßabtükmµ RBM bu‘n GKÁnaykFnaKarBaNiC¢kmµkMBg;esam

muI TIm maX Gun Gñkbec©keTsm:asuIn kMBg;Ep

kMBg;esam.

Ny suparI

EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar




elx82 Extula qñaM2006 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar

ll>>rr nnaamm--eeKKaattþþnnaamm mmuuxxggaarr kkEEnnøøggyykk ééff¶¶ccUUll ééff¶¶kkeemmÞÞcc

2949 DMu Qag ehA run yuT§Cn dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 10-3-77 20-6-77

2950 Kuy Kav ¬RsI¦ yuT§narI dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 14-4-77 20-6-77

2951 sav da ¬RsI¦ yuT§narI dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 4-4-77 20-6-77

2952 mas saerOn ehA esg CagsMNg; BaNiC¢kmµ 1-3-77 20-6-77

2953 Gu‘g eDOn ehA dI GnuRbFanb>k>K BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-7 20-6-77

2954 Lag h‘ RbFankgtUc BaNiC¢kmµ 15-5-77 20-6-77

2955 tan; guaM ehA fn smaCik BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2956 nU suknI ehA ruI GnuRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 17-10-76 20-6-77

2957 em:A Kwms‘ag ehA man RbFanmnÞIr BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2958 sYs vuFI ehA RTI yuT§Cn BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2959 Bag RsuIm ehA h‘an emRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2960 Ék vu:n ehA ebn elxakgFM BaNiC¢kmµ 7-2-77 20-6-77

2961 Gu‘k saemOn ehA PIn RbFan sMrit pl BaNiC¢kmµ 27-11-76 20-6-77

2962 Nub suT§ ehA nI emRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 27-3-77 20-6-77

2963 éx ehg ehA NU RbFanbBa¢I BaNiC¢kmµ 25-4-77 20-6-77

2964 Exk eXOn ehA xay GnukgtUc BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2965 éN yu:n ehA enOn GnuRbFanmnÞIr BaNiC¢kmµ 25-2-77 20-6-77

2966 sU eqg CageQI BaNiC¢kmµ 10-3-77 20-6-77

2967 em:A Ca CageQI BaNiC¢kmµ 10-3-77 20-6-77

2968 eGg ehA KIm ¬RsI¦ eBTü BaNiC¢kmµ 4-6-77 20-6-77

2969 jÚg eGn ehA vin ¬RsI¦ smaCikeBTü BaNiC¢kmµ 7-5-77 20-6-77

2970 mu:k kuMhiu ehA huW RbFankgry BaNiC¢kmµ 2-6-77 20-6-77

2971 huwm eyOg ehA tay emRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 8-6-77 20-6-77

2972 Twm san ehA Rs‘ag yuT§Cn BaNiC¢kmµ 8-6-77 20-6-77

2973 v:a saemOn ehA vuF yuT§Cn BaNiC¢kmµ 21-3-77 20-6-77

2974 can; eCOn ehA elOn GnuRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 14-4-77 20-6-77

2975 Ca eQok ehA sURt RbFanmnÞIr BaNiC¢kmµ 26-5-77 20-6-77

bBa¢IeQ~aHCnrgeRKaHEdl)ankemÞcenAmnÞIrs-21 ¬KukTYlEsøg¦erobcMnigcgRkgeday ³ yin nan

¬¬ttBBIIeellxxmmuunn¦¦

EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar



2976 bu‘n Lay ehA v½n emRkúm BaNiC¢kmµ 26-5-77 20-6-77

2977 Dit sun yuT§Cn XøaMgrdæ 4-6-77 20-6-77

2978 Lúg san Cagm:asIun XøaMgrdæ 4-6-77 20-6-77

2979 can; Nak; ehA P½s ¬RsI¦ emIlkumar XøaMgrdæ 5-6-77 20-6-77

2980 eTB suPan ehA Pan ¬RsI¦ Gnuneya)ay XøaMgrdæ 5-6-77 20-6-77

2981 LaMg ecg ehA s‘an ¬RsI¦ RbBn§ Xn XøaMgrdæ ?-5-77 20-6-77

2982 Guwm eyOn ehA eqIt yuT§Cn esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2983 yU v:an ehA Exg yuT§Cn esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2984 Eb:n san; yuT§Cn esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2985 sU saMg ehA nin GnuRkúm esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2986 Cwm vYn ehA vun yuT§Cn esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2987 eCt eG yuT§Cn esnaFikar 18-6-77 20-6-77

2988 Ek Qun eyaFakgFM kgBl310 18-6-77 20-6-77

2989 eGg Cun yuT§Cn kgBl450 18-6-77 20-6-77

2990 can; ln yuT§Cn kgBl450 18-6-77 20-6-77

2991 Bin eBOn yuT§Cn kgBl450 18-6-77 20-6-77

2992 CY hug ehA ehg yuT§Cn kgBl450 18-6-77 20-6-77

2993 s saM ehA ru:g eyaFakgtUc kgBl310 18-6-77 20-6-77

2994 ebn eRKÓn ehA r:n yuT§Cn kgBl310 18-6-77 20-6-77

2995 nut sak; yuT§Cn kgBl310 18-6-77 20-6-77

2996 Cwg v½r ehA Nat Gnuneya)ay kgBl310 18-6-77 20-6-77

2997 bu‘t ENv yuT§Cn vresnaFM377 18-6-77 20-6-77

2998 Nm sux RbFankgtUc kgBl310 19-6-77 20-6-77

2999 suk s‘ag P½sþúPar kgBl450 19-6-77 20-6-77

3000 Gu‘m RKI ehA PI yuT§Cn kgBl450 19-6-77 20-6-77

3001 RsI DIm eyaFakgFM kgBl450 19-6-77 20-6-77

3002 hg; qUy ehA Rs‘y yuT§Cn dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 13-5-77 20-6-77

3003 eGom gYn yuT§Cn dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 13-5-77 20-6-77

3004 v:aj enog yuT§Cn EpkMBg;esam 29-3-77 20-6-77

3005 esam huwm ehA hYt GnuRkúm dwkCBa¢ÚneCIgTwk 4-4-77 20-6-77

3006 eRtak eRKÓn ehA pl smaCikRkúm EpkMBg;esam 27-3-77 20-6-77

¬¬eennAAmmaanntt¦¦

extþkMBg;s<W

Rsuk]tþúgÁ

66¦¦ mmnnÞÞIIrrssnnþþiissuuxxbbwwggvvaa::

enAkñúgqñaM1975 mnÞIrsnþisuxRbcaMXMuRtacTg mYy

kEnøgEdlmaneQµaHfa mnÞIrsnþisuxbwgva: RtÚv)anbegáIt

eLIgsRmab;XMuXaMgGñkeTasRbePTRsal. ExµrRkhm

sagsg;eragcMnYn4 sRmab;dak;GñkeTas b:uEnþrhUtmkdl;

bc©úb,nñeragTaMgenHRtÚvRbCaCnruHerIKµansl;.

C½y sIum Gayu46qñaM CaRbCaCnrs;enAPUmibwgva: XuM

RtacTg Rsuk]tþúgÁ extþkMBg;s<W )ansg;lMenAzanenAelIdI

EdlCaGtItmnÞIrsnþisuxenH. sIum )anniyayerOgra:vTak;Tg

nwgmnÞIrsnþisuxbwgv:afa bnÞab;BIExµrRkhmTTYlC½yCmñHenA

éf¶17 Exemsa qñaM1975 RbCaCnTaMgGs;enAkñúgPUmiRtÚv

ExµrRkhmCemøóseTAenAXuMfµImYyeTot edIm,IykPUmienHeFVI

CamnÞIrsnþisuxRbcaMXuMRtacTg.

C½y sIum )anerobrab;BIeTaskMhusrbs;GñkeTasfa

«GñkxøHRKan;EtlYcdMLÚgsIu manTMnas;CamYyGgÁkar TaMgsmþI

TaMgkargar TaMgstiGarmµN_k¾ykKñamklt;dMenAmnÞIrsnþisux

bwgva:Edr ehIy[eFVIkargarepSg²dUcCakab;dIdMbUkdak;ERs

nigdaMdMLÚgenAq¶ay²BImnÞIrXMuXaMgEfmeTot. ebIGñkeTas

NaGacEkERbGtþcrit)ankñúgry³eBlBIrb¤bIEx nwgRtÚv

edaHElg[eTArs;enAshkrN_vij b:uEnþebIksagxøÜnmin)an

c,as;CaRtÚvQøbnaMykeTAsmøab;enAkñúgéRBxagekItPUmimin

xan». C½y sIum snñidæanfa GñkeTasRbEhl500nak;

Cab;XMuXaMgenAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxbwgva:. bc©úb,nñmnÞIrsnþisux

enHBMumanbnSl;TuknUvvtßútagGVIbnþiceLIy.

TTiinnññnn½½yysseeggççbb

TTIIttaaMMgg ³³ mnÞIrsnþisuxbwgva:sßitenAPUmibwgva: XMuRtacTg

Rsuk]tþúgÁ extþkMBg;s<W.

ssßßiittii ³³ bwgva: CamnÞIrsnþisuxmYyEdlXMuXaMgEt Cn

rgeRKaHRbePTRsalb:ueNÑaH. CnrgeRKaHmYycMnYnRtÚv

)ansmøab; nigmYycMnYneTot RtÚv)anedaHElgbnÞab;BI)an

lt;dMGs;ry³eBlBI BIr-bIEx.

RsukPñMRsYc

77¦¦ mmnnÞÞIIrrssnnþþiissuuxxkkbb;;EEqqáá

mnÞIrsnþisuxkb;EqábegáIteLIgenAqñaM1968 eday

RkúmExµrrMedaH. sat; CaRbFanRKb;RKgenATIenaH. enAeBl

ExµrRkhmTTYl)anC½yCmñHTaMgRsug mnÞIrsnþisuxenHRtÚv

BYkExµrRkhmeRbIR)as;CakEnøgGb;rM«RkúmRbCaCnRbvas;

éd».say GIum Gayu65qñaM rs;enAPUmiERsRtBaMg XMuéRBekµg

RsukPñMRsYc extþkMBg;s<W)anerobrab;fa Kat;Føab;)anedIrqøg

kat;tammnÞIrsnþisuxenH ehIyeXIjGñkeTasEdlmñak;²

suT§EtmaneCIgCab;exñaHeQIEvg²RbEhl20nak;enAkñúg

eragEvgmYy EdlmanbeNþayRbEhl10Em:Rt nigTTwg

RbEhl5Em:Rt. cMENkeragepSg²eTotk¾manGñkeTas

dUcKñaEdr. CnrgeRKaHEdlCab;enAmnÞIrsnþisuxkb;Eqá Ca

RbCaCnrs;enAkñúgPUmiéRBekµgnigGñkEdlFøab;eFVIemXMukal

BICMnan;mun. GñkeTasTaMgGs;minRtÚv)anedaHElgeT drabNa

karRsavRCavminTan;RtÚv)anrkeXIjfa maneTasEdrb¤

Gt;. GIum niyayfa GñkeTasRbePTRsalmYycMnYnRtÚv

)anedaHElg ehIyGñkeTasRbePTF¶n;RtÚvnaMykeTAsmøab;

ecalenAbrievNeCIgPñMPJarKg; Edlmancm¶ayRbEhlCa

500Em:RtBImnÞIrkb;EqáEb:kxagt,Úg.


TTIIttaaMMgg ³³ TYlkb;EqásßitenAPUmiERsRtBaMg XMuéRBekµg

RsukPñMRsYc extþkMBg;s<W.

ssßßiittii ³³ kb;Eqá CamnÞIrsnþisuxrbs;ExµrrMedaHtaMgBIqñaM

1968 nigmanskmµPaBrhUtdl;eRkayéf¶C½yCmñHTI17


elx82 Extula qñaM2006 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav

KukExµrRkhm

Exemsa qñaM1975. GñkeTasRbmaNCag20nak; Cab;

enAkñúgeragnImYy²énmnÞIrsnþisuxkb;Eqá. GñkeTasRbePT

RsalRtÚv)anedaHElg ehIyGñkeTasRbePTF¶n;RtÚvsmøab;

ecalenAeCIgPñMPJarKg;Edlmancm¶ayRbEhl500Em:Rt

BImnÞIrsnþisux.

Rsukf<g

88¦¦ mmnnÞÞIIrrssnnþþiissuuxx mm--1133

ExµrRkhmbegáItmnÞIrenHeLIgenAqñaM1971 ehIy[

eQµaHfamnÞIrsnþisuxPUmiPaKBiess. kalBIdMbUgmnÞIrenH

manTItaMgenAfµeyag EdleBlenaHmaneQµaHfa «mnÞIr

sm¶at;fµeyag» EdlsßitenAkñúgéRBeRCAénTwkdIRsukf<g extþ

kMBg;s<W. eRkaymkmnÞIrenH)anpøas;mkenAPUmiRtBaMgRcab

kñúgRsukf<gvij bnÞab;BIGñkeTasbHe)arRbqaMgnwgkgkarBar.

enAqñaM1972 mnÞIrPUmiPaKBiess b¤mnÞIrsm¶at;fµeyag

)anbþÚreQµaHeTACa «mnÞIrsnþisux m-13» b¤ «mnÞIr m-13»

vij. Duc CaGñkRKb;RKgmnÞIrenHtaMgBIdMbUgmkemø:H rYmCa

mYykmµaPi)alnigkgkarBarmYycMnYneTot. karRKb;RKgmnÞIr

enAeBlenaHmankarRbytñ½RbEygbMput. enACMuvijmnÞIr

ExµrRkhm)ansg;rbgGMBIeQIRkak;y:agx<s; ¬km<s;BI5eTA

6Em:Rt¦. enAkñúgbrievNenaHmanpÞHR)aMxñgsRmab;eFVICa

TIsñak;GaRs½yrbs;kmµaPi)aldwknaMmnÞIr CakEnøgsYrcemøIy

nigCakEnøgsñak;enArbs;kgkarBarpg. ExµrRkhmCIk

reNþACaeRcInsRmab;dak;GñkeTas nigmanreNþAmYyeTot

manTMhMFMCageKkñúgcMeNamreNþATaMgenaH EdleRbIR)as;

sRmab;XMuxøÜnGñkeTasEdleTIbbBa¢ÚnmkfµI. can; xn Gayu

47qñaM rs;enAPUmieTBPirmü ehAPUmik,alcin XMuvalBn;

Rsukf<g extþkMBg;s<W nigCaGtItkgkarBarenAmnÞIrm-13

)an[dwgfaenAcugqñaM1972nigedImqñaM1973 GñkeTas

RtÚvkgsnþisuxXMuxøÜndUcFmµta b:uEnþbnÞab;BImanynþehaHeb-

52rbs;kgTB½GakasGaemrikaMgTmøak;RKab;EbkmkelI

brievNmnÞIrsnþisuxenaHmk eTIb Duc bBa¢a[CIkreNþAFM²

sRmab;XM uXMagGñkeTasCMnYsvij.

karbBa¢a[CIkreNþATaMgenH KWkñúgbMNg

biT)aMgkarXøaMemIlrbs;kgT½BGakas

GaemrikaMgEdlEtgEtehaHQøbyk

karN_CaRbcaM. reNþAnImYy²suT§Et

mandMbUlRbk;søwkTmøak;sMyabesÞIrb:H

dI. enACMuvijbrievNmnÞIrsnþisuxm-13

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cm¶ayCitBIrKILÚEm:RtBIPUmiRbCaCn

rs;enA KWmanmYykEnøgeTotsRmab;

XMuXaMgGñkeTaseTIbbBa©ÛÚlmkfµI Edl

kEnøgenaHmaneFVIrbgBT§½CM uvij cMENkreNþAÉeTotKµan

eFVIrbgBT§½eLIy. kgkarBarekµg²RtÚvyamkarBarenAmat;

reNþAGñkeTasEdlmanrbgCuMvij edIm,IkarBarkuM[GñkeTas

lYcrt;.

ssaaxxaaéénnmmnnÞÞIIrrssnnþþiissuuxx mm--1133

saxasMxan;²cMnYnbIkEnøgrbs;mnÞIrsnþisuxPUmiPaK

Biess m-13 KW ³

1¦mnÞIrsnþisuxnKr)al manTItaMgenAkñúgPUmisþúks¥at

XMumanC½y Rsuk]tþúg extþkMBg;s<W. mnÞIrenHRKb;RKgeday

kmµaPi)alExµrRkhmeQµaH s‘um.

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EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav



mmnnÞÞIIrrssnnþþiissuuxxbbwwggvv::aa

kñúgXMuQVaMg RsukBjaB¤ extþkNþal. vuF CakmµaPi)al

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XMuXaMgGñkeTascMnYn4eTotKW 1¦enAeRkamedÍmém:sak;

Cab;nwgeCÍgPñMRt½yRtigSEb:kxaglic. 2¦enAcmáarsVay.

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elI. GñkeTasEdlCab;enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxxagelIenHRtÚv

kgQøbnaMykeTAsmøab;enAeCÍgPñ MnigelIPñ MRbsiT§ ×elI.

cMENkkareFVITaruNkmµKWenAnwgRsHTwkmYyelIkMBUlPñMEdl

manTMhM8Em:RtnigCeRmACag1Em:Rt. enAkEnøgsYrcemøIy

manbegÁalmYy kgQøb)anykExScg

eCÍgGñkeTas rYcTajBüÜreLIgelITmøak;

k,alcUlkñúgRsHTwk. kareFVITaruNkmµ

epSgeTot KWExµrRkhmbBa¢a[GñkeTas

vayfµ nigCIkRsHTwk. karRbCuM)aneFIV

eLIgerogral;BIr-bIs)aþh_mþg ehIybnÞab;

BIRbCMumþg²manGñkeTasya:gehacNas;

BI50eTA100nak;RtÚv)anykeTAsmøab;.

3¦mnÞIrsnþisux m-99 manTItaMg

sßitenAkñúgéRBeRCARtg;RBMRbTl;XMutasal

nigXMursµIsamKÁI Rsuk»ra:l; extþkMBg;s<W.

karRKb;RKgenAmnÞIrsnþisuxenHmaneRcIn

dMNak;kal nigmankarpøas;bÚþrRbFanmnÞIr

CaeRcInnak;. dMbUgmnÞIrenHRKb;RKgeday

smmitþ éq bnÞab;mkRKb;RKgedaysmmitþ Kul nigsmmitþ

Nm. mnÞIrm-99 CakEnøgXMuXaMgnigsmøab;GñkeTasGs;

CaeRcIn. enAqñaM1977 mnÞIrm-99 RtÚvExµrRkhmruHerInig

rMlayecal edaysarmanCemøaHKñarvagemdwknaMmnÞIrKW

smmitþ Nm nigsmmitþ Kl;.

GGññkkeeTTaasseennAAmmnnÞÞIIrr mm--1133

GñkeTasCaeRcInRtÚv)anXMuXaMgenAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisux

m-13enH. kalBIdMbUg GñkeTasenATIenaHKWCayuT§Cnnig

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rab;sibnak;eTot EdlsuT§swgCaRbCaCnfµInigGñkmkBITI

q¶ay². enAkñúgqñaM1973 kmµaPi)alEdleTIbEtRtLb;

mkBIRkúghaNUy ¬RbeTsevotNam¦ RbEhlCag10nak;

)anmkRtÜtRtaGñkeTasCamYyRkúmrbs; Duc. b:uEnþminyUr

b:unµanGñkTaMgenH )ankøayeTACaGñkeTasvij nigRtÚvkg

karBarnaMykeTAsmøab;edayykelsfa «eTAeronsURt

bEnßm».

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mifuna qñaM1973 )anniyayR)ab;fa Kat;)aneXIjkmµa-

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nigéf¶cugeRkaymunnwgRtÚvnaMeTAeronsURtbEnßm. cMENk

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nigkmµaPi)alEdlmanzan³FM² dUcCaRbFankgBl KN³

RsuknigRbFanvresnatUcCaedIm. KµanGñkeTasNamñak;

)an dwgBIeTaskMhusrbs;xøÜneLIy KWmanEtGgÁkarmYyKt;

EdlGacemIleXIjeTaskMhusrbs;mnusSmñak;². GIun

R)ab;fa Kat;min)andwgBIeTaskMhusrbs;Kat;eLIy. Kat;



és sIm bgðajR)ab;BITItaMgrbs;mnÞIrsnþisuxkb;Eqá

RKan;EtCaGñkkUtvIyULúgmñak;enAkñúgRkúmsil,³RbcaMtMbn;

b:ueNÑaH. GñkeTasTaMgGs;RtÚvCab;XMuenAkñúgreNþAEdlFM

CageKCeRmARbEhlBI4eTA5Em:Rt. EdlreNþAenHRKan;Et

CakEnøgXuMxø ÜnGñkeTasbeNþaHGasnñb:ueNÑaH TRmaMman

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nigEk,rreNþAEdlFMCageK. elIsBIenH Duc )anbBa¢a[

CIkreNþACaeRcIneTotsRmab;dak;TNÐ-

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reNþAmYyGacdak;mnusS)anEtmñak;

b:ueNÑaH ehIyreNþAmYy²tRmÚv[CIk

dEgðnigCit²Kña. enA)atreNþAmanecaH

RbehagTmøúHdIBIreNþAmYyeTAreNþAmYy

eTotsRmab;s‘krnukEdkP¢ab;nwgexñaH

Edldak;Cab;keCIgGñkeTas. reNþA

mYyRbePTeTot TMhMknøHEm:RtbYnRCúg

CeRmAmYyEm:RtknøH ehIyKµandMbUl

Rbk;BIelI KWreNþAXMuXaMgGñkeTasRbePT

F¶n;EdlRtÚvQrrhUtminGackeRmIkxøÜn)aneLIy.

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CCaann;;xx<<ss;;eennAAmmnnÞÞIIrr mm--1133

ral;eBlsYrcemøIy RbsinebIGñkeTasNamñak;pþl;

cemøIyminRtwmRtÚvtamGVIEdlGñksYrcg;)anc,as;CaRtÚvrg

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niyayR)ab;Emn. GIun )aneqøIysarPaBenAcMeBaHmux Duc

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cMENkbgRbúsrbs; GIun mñak;EdlBMu)andwgerOgenHCamun

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kareFVITaruNkmµnigRtÚvedaHElgCaGñkeTaskRmitRsal

nig[eFVICaCMnYykarerag)ayRbcaMmnÞIrEfmeTot. GIun

)anniyaytamsmþIrbs; Duc fa «GñkEdlcab;mkdak;

enAkñúgmnÞIrenHsuT§EtCaGñkmaneTas dUecñHRtÚvEteqøIy

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TaruNkmµnigkarsYrcemøIy)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgreNþAEdlman

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mYyenAcMkNþalreNþApg. reNþAenHRtÚvkgQøbCIkdEgð

KñaenAtambeNþaymat;sÞwgeRtIyxaglic. kmµaPi)al

sYrcemøIyGñkeTas)aneRbI]bkrN_caM)ac;mYycMnYndUcCa

m¢úl Rcvak; jjÜr bnÞat; nigdgáab;. GñkeTasEdlRtÚvyk

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mas suT§EtmankEnøgsYrcemøIymñak;mYyenAnwgmnÞIrsñak;

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)anR)ab;fa Duc CamnusSkacCageKkñúgkarsYrcemøIynigeFVI

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b:un nig pl b:ueNÑaH EdlBMusUvmat;kFM²nigvaydMGñkeTas.

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rbs;Kat;KW Duc )ancgédTaMgBIrBüÜreLIgelIP¢ab;nwgbegÁal

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rhUtdl;cugeCIg. enAeRkameCIgGñkeTas Duc )andak;can

EdkmYyedIm,IRtgQamEdlhUrecjBIsñamcak;eday

kaMbit. TaruNkmµmYyRbePTeTotEdl Duc RbRBwtþmkelI

GñkeTas ehIyEdlxøÜnyl;faGñkeTaspþl;cemøIyminRtwm

RtÚv KWykjjÜreQIvayedImRTÚgnigxñgrhUtdl;GñkeTas

snøb;)at;sµartI ehIyCYnkalsøab;pgk¾man. viFIsMxan;

mYyeTotKW Duc )anb®Ba©kTwksab‘UGñkeTas edayeRbITueya

s‘kbBa©ÚlcUlbMBg;-k. viFITaMgb:unµanenHCaviFIsahavbMput

nigCabTBiesaFn_mYysRmab;CIvitrbs; Duc EdlFøab;

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ExµrRkhm)anRbmUlRbCaCnRbEhl4>600nak; ¬eday

rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgyuT§CnExµrRkhm Edlcab;mkBIxagPUmiPaK

bUBa’pg¦ykeTAsmøab;ecalenAEb:kxageCIgvtþkEnSgsm

edayqøgsÞwgRkaMgBénø. tamRbsasn_rbs;GFikarb:Ulis

Rsukf<g)an[dwgfa karekorCnrgeRKaHBIkEnøgepSgmk

smøab;KW Duc CaGñkGnuvtþEpnkarenHedaypÞal; bnÞab;BIKat;

RtLb;BIPñMeBjeTAvij.

enAkñúgÉksar«sMNMuerOgtulakarkat;eTasbnRbl½y

BUCsasn_ b:ul Bt-eGog sarI» manerobrab;BIkardwkCBa¢Ún

mnusScMnYn1>200nak;epSgeTotykeTAsmøab;ecalenA



nwgTItaMgxageCIgvtþkEnSgsmEdr KWenAkñúgGMLúgExkumÖ³ qñaM

1979.

TTIIttaaMMggRRttBBaaMMggRRccaabbBBIIqqññaaMM11997755rrhhUUttmmkkddll;;bbcc©©úúbb,,nnññ

cab;taMgBIqñaM1975-1979 GtItmnÞIrm-13 b¤

RtBaMgRcab BMumanRbCaCn b¤ExµrRkhmNamñak;edIrqøgkat;

TIenaHeLIy eRBaHCavalrehazannigsm,ÚrstVéRB. b:uEnþ

bc©úb,nñ EpñkxøHénTItaMgRtBaMgRcabRtÚvRbCaCnEdlrs;

enAkñúgPUmifµKub XMuGmlaMg randIykeFVICaERsrbs;xøÜn

ehIy mYyEpñkFMeTotTukTMenrecal. reNþAeRCA²BImun

sBVéf¶enH ERbCarak;²Gs;. begÁalRkak;EdlBImunman

km<s;5eTA6Em:Rt \LÚvenAsl;EtRbEhlmYyEm:Rt

b:ueNÑaH. sÞwgEdlhUrkat;TItaMgmnÞIrsnþisuxm-13 nig

manRbPBmkBIPñM»r:al; enAEthUrkat;TItaMgenHdEdl.

RtBaMgRcabEdlCaCRmkRtInigCakEnøgEdlpþl;esdækic©

sMxan;sRmab;mnÞIrsnþisux m-13 k¾sßitenAdUcmun RBmTaMg

beRmIesckþIRtÚvkarrbs;RbCaCnkñúgkareFVIERscmáarnig

ciBa©wmstVBahn³pg. mnusSeRcInnak; enAkñúgTwkdIRsukf<g

extþkMBg;s<W suT§EtdwgBIkarsmøab; mnusSenAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisux

m-13 eRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs; Duc.


TTIIttaaMMgg ³³ mnÞIrsnþisux m-13 sßitenAPUmifµKub

XMuGmlaMg Rsukf<g extþkMBg;s<W.

ssßßiittii ³³ Duc )anbegáItmnÞIrsnþisux m-13 enHtaMgBI

qñaM1971. dMbUgmnÞIrenHmanTItaMgenAkñúgbrievNfµeyag

nigeRkaymk)anpøas;mkkan;TItaMgRtBaMgRcabvij. Duc

CaRbFanmnÞIrTaMgmUl rYmCamYynwgkmµaPi)al5nak;epSg

eTot. eRkABIenHenAmankgsnþisuxek~g²15nak;eTot.

mnÞIrenHEckecjCa3saxaKW mnÞIrsnþisuxnKr)almnÞIr

snþisuxPñMRbsiT§×Rt½yRtigSnigmnÞIrm-99. enAExemsa

qñaM1975 mnÞIrm-13 RtÚv)anpøas;TItaMgmkenA«TYl

Esøg»vij b¤ehAfa «mnÞIrs-21».

epg BgSr:asuI




TItaMgsmøab;enAPUmiRkaMgRkÚc XuMRkaMgdI)ay RsukPñMRsYc extþkMBg;s<W

¬¬ttBBIIeellxxmmuunn¦¦

kkaarrssYYrrcceemmøøIIyy nniiggTTaarruuNNkkmmµµ

dMeNIrkarsYrcemøIyGñkeTaskñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;man

lkçN³bnþbnÞab;dUcdMeNIrkarsYrcemøIyenAkñúgmnÞIrs-21

Edr. lkçN³dUcKñabnþbnÞab; rYmmankarbgçaMgGñkeTasTukBI

2eTA6éf¶ edIm,IbM)ak;sµartImuneBlnaMecjeTAsYrcemøIy

nigeRbIRKb;viFIsa®sþsYrcemøIy Edlrab;TaMgviFIsa®sþ

RtCak;nigekþApg.

karsYrcemøIytamviFIRtCak;edIm,IykcemøIysarPaB

CaTisedAeTAéf¶muxrbs;mnÞIrs-21 b:uEnþviFIsYrcemøIy

edayekþAdac;xatnigTaMgRsug enAEtRtÚvrkSaTuk «cMeBaHxµaMg

yYnniges>GuI>Ga». viFIsYrcemøIyedayRtCak; KWGñkeTas

RtÚvkmµaPi)alsYrcemøIylYgelam mineRbIkarvaydMeLIy.

viFIsYrcemøIyedayekþA GñkeTasRtÚvkmµaPi)alsYrcemøIy

vaydM eFVITaruNkmµedIm,IykcemøIysarPaB. esovePA

kargarsnþi)almnÞIrs-21 sresrkñúgvKÁsikSaEpñksYr

cemøIyGMBIviFIsYrcemøIyedayRtCak;nigekþAfa «karlYg

elam KWCaviFIsMxan;TImYy cMENkkareFVITaruNkmµCaviFI

TIBIr». viFIsYrcemøIyekþAmansresrbBa¢ak;enAelICBa¢aMg

kñúgbnÞb;sYrcemøIymnÞIrs-21 «sYrGIeqøIyhñwgkuMbEgVr

sMNYrGj. sYrPøameqøIyPøam min[dMGk;mYynaTIeLIy.

RbqaMgvin½yGjmYycMNucRtÚvrgrMBat;10rMBat; b¤qk;ExS

ePøIg5qac;>>>».

dMeNIrkarbgçaMgTukbg¥t;)ayedIm,IbM)ak;sµartI viFIsYr

RtCak;nigviFIsYrekþARtÚv)anKN³esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisux

tMbn;eRbIR)as;kñúgkarsYrcemøIyGñkeTaskñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;

enAPUmiPaKnirtI. bnÞab;BI)anbBa¢ÚnxøÜndak;XuMXaMg bg¥t;

GaharenAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25Gs;ry³eBl3-4éf¶

sug RtÚvKN³esuIbGegátnaMecjeTAsYrcemøIy. sug erob

rab;fa «eBleTAdl;bnÞb;sYrcemøIy KN³esIubGegátdk)arI

[xJúMmYyedIm. bnÞab;mkniyaylYgelamxJúMfa «mitþeyIg

\LÚvRtÚveqøIyR)ab;GgÁkar[Rtg; GgÁkarGt;eFVIGIeT GgÁkar

RsLaj;EtGñkRtg;niyay[Rtg;eTAkuMlak;GgÁkar». eLaH

GñkeTasmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;35 enAcaMéf¶EdlKat;RtÚv)annaM

eTAsYrcemøIyedaysareBlenaHKat;TTYl)an)arImYyedIm

BIKN³esuIbGegát. eLaH R)ab;fa )arI mYyedImeFIV[Kat;

«mankmøaMg sVag RsLHxøÜn» bnÞab;BIKat;edkCab;exñaHGt;

)ayGt;TwkGs;ry³eBl2éf¶kñúgKukggwt.

rin R)ab;[dwgfa eBlsYrcemøIydMbUg GñkeTasRtÚv

GgÁúyelIekAGIFmµta sYrnaMniyayeqøIyqøg minTan;smøút

eFVITaruNkmµeLIy b:uEnþkarsYrelIkeRkaybnþbnÞab;mkeTot

enaH KWsmøútKMramkMEhgnigeFIVTaruNkmµEtmþg. rin bBa¢ak;

BaküKMramkMEhgrbs;KN³esuIbGegátfa «eBlsYrs¥IRtÚv

eqøIyhwñg. ebIRbqaMgKWc,as;CaRtÚvdMbgnigExSePøIgmin

xan». eLaH rMB£kBIkarsYrcemøIyKat;elIkTIBIr «eBlnaMeTA

dl;bnÞb;sYrcemøIy dMbUgKN³esuIbGegátR)ab;[xJúMGgÁúy

elIekAGI ehIycab;epþImsYr. sMNYrTImYyEdlsYrxJúMRKb;

eBlenaHKW «etIÉgdwgxøÜneTehtuGI)anCaGgÁkarcab;xøÜnÉg

mkTIenH?» xJúMeqøIyfa «Gt;dwg» eBlenaH vavayxJúM rYcva

niyayfa «ÉgKitsineTAbnþiceToteyIgmkvij» eBlmk

vijcab;epþImsYrbnþeTot «em:cnwkeXIjb¤enA?» xJúMeqøIy

«Gt;dwgeT». 3éf¶eRkaymk eLaH RtÚv)annaMecjeTAsYr



cMNg]RkidækmµmnÞIrsnþisuxPUmiPaKnirtI

karkekIt Rbtibtþikar nig TMnak;TMng

cemøIymþgeTot b:uEnþdMeNIrkarsYrelIkTIBIrenHmindUcmun

eLIy. eLaH erobrab;fa «vasYrsMNYrdEdl xJúMeqøIyfa

Gt;dwgdEdl. vasmøútxJúM[sarPaB. xJúMfaGt;dwg. bnÞab;

mk vaykdMbgkþeKanigykfg;pøasÞicmkruMk,alxJúMrhUtsnøb;

)at;sµartI. eBldwgxøÜneLIg édkenAkñúgKukggwtvijeTA

ehIy».

edaysarGñkeTasmanlkçN³sMxan; TaMgeTaskMhus

nigzan³tYnaTI karsYrcemøIyenAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;man

sPaBxøaMgkøanigRsYcRsal;bMputEdr. karsYrcemøIynig

TaruNkmµeFVIeLIgcMeBaHGñkeTasya:gticBIrdg. mþg²eRbI

eBlevlaCaeRcInem:ag. karsYrcemøIyekIteLIgcMeBaHGñk

eTaseRcIndg edaysarkmµaPi)almnÞIrsnþisuxyl;fa

kareqøIysarPaBrbs;GñkeTaselIkTI1 nigTI2 «BuMTan;eqøIy

c,as;las;lm¥itGs;erOgeLIy ehIykarsYrenAeBlbnþ

bnÞab;eTotenaH Caclnavivtþbnþicmþg²eTAmuxCanic©».

eLaH RtÚvKN³esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;35sYrcemøIy

cMnYnbIdg. eBll¶acmþg²eRbIeBlGs;;Cag4em:ag. tam

ÉksarcemøIysarPaBrbs; CU kan bBa¢ak;fa Kat;RtÚv)an

KN³esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25sYrcemøIycMnYn4

elIk. elIkTI1enAéf¶TI20 Exvicäika qñaM1975 BIem:ag8

RBwkdl;em:ag12éf¶Rtg;. elIkTI2sYrenAéf¶TI4 ExFñÚ qñaM

1975 BIem:ag12³20naTIdl;em:ag4resol. elIkTI3

enAéf¶TI14 ExFñÚ qñaM1975 BIem:ag 5³30naTI l¶acdl;

em:ag6l¶ac nigelIkTI4KWenAéf¶TI19 ExFñÚ qñaM1975 BI

em:ag9RBwkdl;em:ag11éf¶Rtg;.

eKalbMNgénkarsYrcemøIyd¾sRsak;sRsaMnigGmnusS

Fm’enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn; k¾minxusBIeKalbMNgénkar

sYrcemøIyGñkeTaskñúgmnÞIrs-21Edr. eKalbMNgkñúgkar

sYrcemøIyGñkeTasman3KW TI1¦edIm,IbgçM[GñkeTasRBm

eqøIysarPaBfaxøÜnmankMhus. TI2¦[GñkeTassarPaB

GMBImUlehtuénkark,t;. nigTI3¦[GñkeTassarPaBGMBI

ExSsgVak;cat;taMgEdlk,t;CamYyxøÜn. fn RtÚv)annaMecj

eTAsYrcemøIycMnYn6dgkñúgrvag5eTA6éf¶. fn GHGagfa

«dMeNIrkarsYrcemøIyd¾twgrwugnigxøaMgkøa KWkñúgbMNgrujTmøak;

GñkeTasEdlRtÚvsYrcemøIy[køayCaxµaMgBitR)akdrbs;

GgÁkar GMBIEpnkark,t;nigExSsgVak;EdlBak;B½n§kñúgEpnkar

enaH». rin bBa¢ak;GMBIviFITmøak;kMhusedaykarCCIksYr

rbs;KN³esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25 rYmmansMNYr

dUcCa «eBlenAPñMeBjeFVIs¥IxøH? eBlcuHmkmanbkSBYk

b:unµannak;? )aneFVIskmµPaBGVIxøH?».

eRkamkarsYrcemøIyrbs;KN³esIubGegátmnÞÍrsnþisux

tMbn; GñkeTasPaKeRcIneqøIysarPaB. enAeBlsYrcemøIy

kan eqøIysarPaBkMhusénkarcab;xøÜnrbs;Kat;R)ab;KN³

esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25eQµaH m:ug/ hak; nigeRsg

fa «xJúMBitCamanbMNgrt;eTARbeTsesomBitR)akdEmn».

dUc kan Edr hYr RtÚv)ansYrcemøIyedayKN³esuIbGegát

mnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25cMnYn2nak; KWsmmitþ Cam nigsmmitþ

hak; Gs;ry³eBl2em:ag. hYr )aneqøIysarPaBGMBI

Epnkark,t;nigExSk,t;rbs;Kat;cMnYn40nak;.

GñkeTaseqøIysarPaBTaMgkarBitnigTaMgkarRbDit kñúg

eKalbMNg)ankarsenþasRbNInigkarrs;ranmanCIvit.

R)ahuIm RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚnBImnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25mkdl;mnÞIr

s-21 enAéf¶TI24 Exmkra qñaM1976. 5ExeRkaymk

Kat;RtÚv)anbkScarseRmc[naMykeTARbharCIvit. tam

cemøIysarPaBrbs; R)ahuIm mUlehtuEdlnaMdl;karcab;

xøÜnKat; KWedaysarKat;maneQµaHCab;ExSk,t;kñúgcemøIy

sarPaBrbs; yUsuH. «xJúMKµankUncitþNamYylak;elomGIV

CamYyGgÁkarbdivtþn_eLIy eRBaHxJúM)aTyl;c,as;ehIyfa

GgÁkar bdivtþn_ TamTarEtesckþIesµaHRtg;eT eTaskMhus

TaMgb:unµanEdlmanBImunmk GgÁkarbdivtþn_nwgelIkElg

eTas[TaMgGs; ehtuenHxJú M)aTecHEtrg;caMnUvkarvinicä½y

rbs;GgÁkarbdivtþn_edaysgÇwmCanic© ». kþIsgÇwmrbs;

R)ahuIm cMeBaH karsenþasRbNIrbs;bkS)anekIteLIg

Emn KWekIteLIg 5ExbnÞab;BIsYrcemøIycugeRkaybMput.




R)ahuIm RtÚv)anbkSseRmcnaMykeTARbharCIvitenAéf¶TI

14 Ex]sPa qñaM 1976. eQµaH R)ahuIm sßitkñúglMdab;

elxerogTI87 kñúgcMeNamGñkeTascMnYn337nak;Edl

bkSseRmcRbharCIvit. tamkarsikSarbs;elak GuIsa

]sµan GñkniBn§esovePA «G‘UKUbH» bgðajfa GñkeTasCab;kñúg

cemøIysarPaBrbs; R)ahuIm mancMnYnsrub11nak;.

GñkeTascMnYn10nak; )ansøab;)at;bg;CIvit. GñkeTasmñak;

kñúgcMeNam10nak; mancemøIysarPaBenAmnÞIrs-21.

GñkeTasmñak;enaH eQµaH y:asy:a. tambBa¢IGñkeTasmnÞIr

s-21 y:asy:a søab;edayRKaMs<wkenAéf¶TI2 Ex]sPa

qñaM1976.

krNIGñkeTasmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn; kñúgPUmiPaKnirtI )an

ekIteLIgdUckrNIGñkeTaskñúgmnÞIrs-21Edr. kareqøIy

sarPaBrbs;GñkeTaseRkamkarlYgelamnigeFVITaruNkmµ

eFVI[GñkeTasrYcputBIPaBsegVKnigTaruNkmµ. b:uEnþcemøIy

sarPaBrbs;GñkeTaseFVI[GñkeTasxøÜnÉgnigGñkCab;kñúg

cemøIyPaBrbs;xøÜnkøayCaxµaMgrbs;GgÁkar. bnÞab;BIqøgkat;

karsYrcemøIy Nub RTI sarPaBGMBIExSsgVak;k,t;rbs;Kat;

cMnYn27nak;. cMENkExSk,t;rbs; hYr manrhUtdl;40

nak;. PaBCaxµaMgnigCaExSsgVak;rbs;xµaMgRtÚv)ancab;xøÜn

nigRbharCIvit. dUcsmmitþ etg RbFanmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;

25bBa¢ak;fa «eBlsYrcemøIyehIy eXIjc,as;faCa

Pñak;garcarkic©rbs;xµaMgBYkGa ln; nl;» tambBa¢arbs;

elxatMbn; KWRtÚvEt«kemÞc ».

rin dwgc,as;BIbMNgrbs;KN³esuIbGegátkñúgkarsYr

CCIkrkExSry³cat;taMg dUecñH rin eqøIyR)ab;eQµaHmnusS

EdlRtÚv)ancab;xøÜnCamYyKat; b:uEnþKat;minRBmeqøIydak;

GñkepSg CaGtItTahan ln; nl; EdlKat;)ansÁal;tam

sMNYrrbs;KN³esuIbGegáttMbn;25eLIy. rin R)ab;ehtu

plfa «GaNitRbBn§kUnKña enApÞHGt;dwgGIesaH. suxcitþ

søab;Etmñak;ÉgeTAval¥Cag ».

viFIeFVITaruNkmµelIGñkeTasbgçMykcemøIyrbs;KN³

esuIbGegátmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;kñúgPUmiPaKnIrtIrYmman ³ qk;

ExSePøIg dkRkck vaynwgdMbg vaynwgExStI ExSePøIg

vaybM)ak;édeCIg vaybM)ak;q¥wgCMnIr Rc)ac;k ruM

es,agpøasÞic[fb;degðIm.

sug )an[dwgfa «GñkeTasxøHRtÚvqk;ExSePøIgrhUtqáÜt

ElgesøókexaGav xøHRtÚvvayrhUt)ak;q¥wgCMnIr». em:A nig

rin bBa¢ak;fa kareFVITaruNkmµedayqk;ExSePøIg nigruMes,ag

pøasÞikeFVIeLIgEtcMeBaHGñkeTasEdlKN³esuIbGegátmnÞIr

snþisuxyl;fa CaxµaMgmantYnaTIsMxan;CaTahan CayuT§Cn

ExµrRkhm EdlRtÚv)anecaTfak,t; nigGtItTahanrbb

ln; nl; m®nþIepSg².

karsYrcemøIyrbs;KN³esuIbGegát edaykareFVI

TaruNkmµ edaykarbgçMelIGñkeTaskñúgsPaBTn;exSay

Rsab;enaH eBlxøHbNþal[GñkeTassøab;)at;bg;CIvit

kñúgeBlenaH nigéf¶bnþbnÞab;mkeTot. muwg etg ehA sMNag

RbFanmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25 )anvaysYrcemøIyGñkeTas

cMnYnBIrnak;eQµaH Exøg nigeQµaH cnßa. etg vayrhUtdl;

GñkTaMgBIrsøab;. etg bBa¢ak;fa «xJúMGnuvtþtamkarENnaM

rbs; taC½y ¬elxatMbn;25¦ eday)ancab;eQµaH Exøg

ykeTAmnÞIrsnþisuxsYrcemøIyrYcXuMXaMgenATIenaH rhUtCn

enHsøab;kñúgmnÞIrXuMXaMg. eRkaymkeTot xJúM)aneTAcab;

eQµaH cnßa ykmksnþisux rYcvaysYrcemøIyGMBIerOgKij

bgáb;. edayminGacTTYlcemøIytamkarecaT)an taC½y

k¾)anCMruj[xJúMvaysYrxøaMgEfmeTot rhUt cnßa enaHsøab;

mñak;eTot ».

GñkeTasEdleqøIysarPaBedIm,IecosputBIkareFVITaruN-

kmµnigkñúgkþIsgÄwmfaRtÚv)anedaHElg TIbMputRtÚv)anedaHElg

Emn. GñkeTasRtÚv)anedaHElgBIbnÞb;XuMXaMg ehIy

bBa¢ÚneTAmat;reNþAedIm,IRbharCIvitedayt,Úgcb Kl;

b£sSI nigEdkePøAreTH.

¬¬eennAAmmaanntt¦¦

eGo em:gRTI



edaysarEtRsukekIts®gÁamenAqñaM1973 ent RtÚv

bgçMcitþQb;eronRtwmfñak;TI10. eBlenaHclnaExµrRkhm

)anrIkduHdaleBjRsukrmasEhk extþsVayerog. RbCaCn

CaeRcIn)annaMKñacUleFVIbdivtþn_. yayEhm mþayrbs;

ent mankarRBÜy)armÖya:gxøaMg eRBaHb¥ÚnRbúsrbs; ent

)ancUleFVITahanExµrRkhmmñak;eTAehIy. edayxøac)at;bg;

ent mñak;eTot yayEhm )anseRmccitþ[ ent eTAbYs

enAvtþtasYsGs;bIvsSa.

eBlExµrRkhmTTYlC½yCmñHenAéf¶TI17 Exemsa

qñaM1975 ent nigRBHsgÇRbEhldb;GgÁkñúgvtþtasYs

RtÚvExµrRkhmcab;pSwkTaMgGs;. ent )anRtLb;mkeFVI

ERscmáarenAkñúgPUmidUcRbCaCndéTeTotEdr. minyUrb:unµan

ExµrRkhm)anRbkaseRCIserIsmnusSmYycMnYnkñúgPUmi[eTA

eFVIkmµkrenAPñMeBj. ent minmanRbtikmµGVITaMgGs;cMeBaH

esckþIRbkasenH. eRkaymk ent )ancakecjBIPUmikMeNIt

eTAeFVIkarenAPñMeBj tamkarcat;taMgrbs;KN³PUmi.

muneBlecjdMeNIreTAPñMeBj ent RtÚvcUleronvKÁ

sikSary³eBlmYyExenAsala s-200 EdlCasala

bgðat;beRgónneya)aynigeyaFarbs;PUmiPaKbUBa’.

eRkaymkGgÁkarbBa¢Ún ent [eTAeronenAvtþrUgdMrIkñúgextþ

éRBEvgry³eBlbIéf¶eTot. cugeRkay ent RtÚvGgÁkar

bBa¢ÚntamkaNUtmkeFVIkmµkrenAPñMeBj.

mkdl;TIRkúgPñMeBj GgÁkarcat;taMg[ ent eFVIkarenA

salabeRgónneya)ayenAmþúMburIkILa. kic©karrbs; ent

KWe)assm¥atnigPøk;mðÚbEdlRtÚverobcM[kmµaPi)alrbs;

bkSEdlmkeronsURtneya)ayenAsalaenHbriePaK. vKÁ

sikSanImYy²manry³eBlmYyEx eRkamkarbgðat;beRgón

pÞal;BI b:ul Bt/ exov sMpn nig nYn Ca. GgÁkarRby½tñ

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rbs;bkSEdlmkBItamPUmiPaKnigtMbn;nanaTUTaMgRbeTs.

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mðÚbGaharmþg²RkúmenHRtÚvPøk;mðÚbRKb;muxTaMgGs;. bnÞab;BI

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fa eTaHbICamðÚbRtÚv)anPøk;rYcral;nigmansuvtßiPaBy:ag

Nak¾eday k¾ bu:l Bt/ exov sMpn nig nYn Ca minEdlcUl

rYmbriePaKGaharCamYykmµaPi)alTaMgenaHEdr.

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bnSMxøHeTotdUcCaravmInnigskGMeBA. ent eFVIkarenATIenaH

Gs;ry³eBlbIqñaM eRkamkardwknaMrbs;smmitþ b:g; nig

smmitþ Pum. enAcugqñaM1978eRkayBI esa Pwm elxa

PUmiPaKbUBa’RtÚvGgÁkarecaTfak,t;nigcUlédCamYyevotNam

ent EdlCayuT§CnmkBIPUmiPaKbUBa’EdrenaH RtÚvGgÁkardk

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)anry³eBlRbEhlknøHEx ent nigmitþPkþimYycMnYnRtÚv

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smmitþ ehOn. kargarenATIenaHmankarlM)akxøaMgedaysar

hUbminRKb;RKan; ehIyTTYlkarecaTRbkan;nigkareFVITukç

bukemñj\tQb;QrBI ehOn. ent nigmitþPkiþ)anbHe)ar

nigcab; ehOn ykeTA[emFMenAbnÞaykgT½BEk,renaH.

mYyéf¶eRkaymk kgT½Bmñak;)anmkehA ent nigmitþPkiþrbs;

Kat;eTARbCMu. eBleTAdl;TIenaH RkúmTahan)anedaHElg

ehOn ehIyEbrmkcab; ent nigmitþPkþiTaMgGs;cg ehIy

ecaTRbkan;BIbTbHe)arRbqaMgnwgGgÁkareTAvij.

ent RtÚvExµrRkhmXMuxøÜnenAeCIgPñMmþMúsÞwghav eFVITaruN

kmµ nigqk;ExSePøIgGs;ry³eBlRbEhldb;éf¶. ExµrRkhm

)anykExSePøIgcg ent ep¥abeTAnwgedImRtEbkéRB rYcvay

sMbukG®gágbIsMbukdak;[xaM. bnÞab;BIsYrcemøIyrYc ent nig

mitþPkþi RtÚvGgÁkarbBa¢ÚneTAsmøab;enAéRBEk,renaH. Exµr

RkhmcgGñkTaMgGs;CaExS kñúgmYyExSmanKñadb;nak; ehIy

beNþIreq<aHeTATYlenAEk,renaH. yuT§CnExµrRkhmbInak;

kMBugrg;caMenATIenaH Edlmanmñak;CaGñkbBa¢a mñak;CaGñkvay

nigmñak;eTotCaGñkcak;nwgcMBuHTug. GñkeTasmñak;²RtÚvvay

mYydMbgnigcak;bIcMBuHTugbEnßmeTot. ExµrRkhmykmnusS

ecjBIRkúmrbs; ent mþgmñak;²eTAsmøab; ehIy ent Ca

mnusSTIR)aMkñúgcMeNamGñkeTasRbEhl 50nak;. ExµrRkhm

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edaysarCIvitminTan;Gs; qøgkat;ry³eBlmYyyb;

ent k¾)andwgxøÜnvij. kñúgcMeNam GñkeTasTaMgGs;manEt

ent nig takan b:ueNÑaH Edl)anrYcBIesckþIsøab;enH. ent

nig takan )anCYyRsaycMNg[KñaeTAvijeTAmk. Gñk

TaMgBIrGs;kmøaMgy:agxøaMg edaysarEtGt;GaharyUréf¶nig

rbYseBjxøÜn. ent nig takan )anCYyKñaykPk;mkbiTmux

rbYs rYcnaMKñaedIreTArkGahar. edayeRskTwkxøaMgeBk

ent )anbgçMcitþpwkTwkenamxøÜnÉg. GñkTaMgBIreFIVdMeNIr

TaMgyb;ggwt ehIyk¾)anRbTHnwgcmáardMLÚgnigcmáarGMeBA.

dMLÚgnigGMeBA)anCYy[GñkTaMgBIrmankmøaMgbniþceLIgvij.

eRkayqñaM1979 bnÞab;BI)anqøgkat;eRKaHkacenH

ehIy ent )anvilRtLb;eTAGgÁPaBenAmþMúsÞwghavvij edIm,I

rkGgár. b:uEnþ kgT½BExµrRkhm)anrt;ecjBITIenaHGs;eTA

ehIy eRBaHxøackgT½BevotNamcUlmkdl;. edayman

karP½yxøaccMeBaHkgT½BevotNam ent nig takan )anrt;

eLIgPñMCamYyExµrRkhm. k¾b:uEnþ edaysarnwkrB£k«Bukmþay

nigbgb¥ÚnenARsukkMeNIteBk ent )anbbYl takan cuHmk

PUmiXMueCIgeKavij. mYyExknøHeRkaymk emXMueCIgeKa)an

cat;taMg[ ent eFVICaQøbPUmi. kargarenH)aneFVI[ ent

eBIbRbyuT§CamYykgT½BExµrRkhmCajwkjab; EdleBlxøH

esÞIrEteFVI[Kat;)at;bg;CIvit. edaysarehtukarN_enH

ent )anseRmccitþlaQb;BIkargar ehIyvilRtLb;mk

RsukkMeNItvij.

ent rs;enACYbCuMsac;jatiy:agsb,ayrIkray.

ent )ankt;RtaBIerOgr:avCIvitrbs;xøÜnTukkñúgkUnesovePA

tUcmYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa «13yb;13éf¶». esovePA

enH erobrab;CaBiessGMBIerOgr:avCIvitrbs;Kat;eBlecj

BIGgÁPaBburIkILa nigeBlExµrRkhmykKat;eTAsmøab; nig

karEdlKat;)ants‘Uy:agsVitsVajedIm,IvaydeNþImyk

CIvitrbs;Kat;mkvij. qay NaerOn



GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_KWCaRbePT]RkidækmµGnþrCati

EdlTaMgshKmn_GnþrCatinigsamIRbeTsmankatBVkic©TTYl

xusRtÚvrYmkñúgkarnaMykCnsgS½ymkkat;eTasnigedaH

Rsayral;bBaðaEdlekIteLIgEdlCalT§plénGMeBIRbl½y

BUCsasn_. CaTUeTA GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_KWCalT§plén

s®gÁam. enAkñúgstvtSr_TI20enH PaKeRcInGMeBIRbl½y

BUCsasn_eRcInekIteLIgkñúgGMLúgs®gÁamelakelIkTI1

¬1914-1918¦ s®gÁamelakelIkTI2 ¬1939-

1945¦ nigs®gÁamsuIvilEdlekItmaneLIgkñúgRbeTs

CaeRcInenAelIBiPBelak. CalT§pl CIvitmnusSrab;sib

lannak;RtÚv)ansmøab; b¤RtÚv)aneFVITukçbukemñjrhUtdl;

søab;. RbCaCnrab;lannak;epSgeTot)anTTYlrgpl

b:HBal;BIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ edayGñkxøH)at;bg;smaCik

RKÜsar Føak;xøÜnBikar nig)at;bg;»kaseronsURtEdlCa

ktþarYmpSMnaMeTAdl;PaBRkIRknigGsißrPaBkñúgsgÁm.

Bakü «Rbl½yBUCsasn_»eTIbEtRtÚv)anbegáIteLIg

enAqñaM1944 edayGñkc,ab;Catib:ULÚjmYyrUbKWelak

r:ahVl lwmKin. eRkayBIkarBiPakSanigkarcrcaKñay:ag

yUrkñúgcMeNamGñkc,ab; GñkCMnajkarxagkarsikSaBIGMeBI

Rbl½yBUCsasn_ nigtMNagrdæCasmaCikTaMgGs;rbs;

GgÁkarshRbCaCatienAqñaM1948 mhasnñi)atGgÁkar

shRbCaCati)anGnum½t «GnusBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIkarbgáar

nigpþnÞaeTascMeBaHbT]RkidæRbl½yBUCsasn_». GnusBaØa

enHcUlCaFrmanenAqñaM1951 bnÞab;BIRbeTsCag50én

smaCikGgÁkarshRbCaCati)anpþl;sc©ab½nTTYlsÁal;.

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fa GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_)anekItmaneLIgenARKb;sm½y

kalénRbvtþisa®sþmnusSCatinigkñúgeKalbMNgepSg²Kña.

enAkñúgesovePA«RbvtþiviTüanigsgÁmviTüaénGMeBIRbl½yBUC

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1975dl;qñaM1979 )andak;ecjnUveKalneya)ay

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km<úCaRbCaFibetyümin)anRbRBwtþGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_.

ehIyerOgenHsßitenACaRbFanbTEdlGñkRsavRCavPaK

eRcInminTan;GacrkcMNucRbsBVeXIjenAeLIy.

elak GuIsa ]sµan GñkRsavRCavCan;x<s;GMBICnCati

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CaGñkQøanBanEdlmanbMNgelbykTwkdIExµrCayUrmk

ehIy. enAExkBaØa qñaM1978 naykdæanB½t’manénRksYg

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karTukcitþBIbkSeLIy ehIyEfmTaMgRtÚv)anbkSemIleXIj

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kab;smøab;y:agrgÁalkñúgvisuT§kmµqñaM1977. enAcugqñaM

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mnusS nigkEnøgciBa©wmstV.

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neya)aynigsnþuisuxenAkñúgRbeTs.

RbvtþiviTU émeXIl vikXWrI )anGHGagfa mkTl;qñaM

1975 manCnCatievotNammYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaHEdl

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smøab;CnCatievotNamTaMgenHminGacvinicä½y)anfa Exµr

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elak)ansnñidæanfa karsmøab;rgÁalkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCa-

FibetyüKWbNþalmkBIbraC½yénRbB½n§rdæaPi)alkñúgkar

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karkMNt;cMnYntYelxmnusSsøab;rbs;RbvtþiviTUnigGñkRsav

RCavmYycMnYnfa mancMnYneRcInelIslb;. elak)ankMNt;

ykcMnYntYelxRbCaCnkm<úCasøab;kñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFib-

etyüEtCag7Esnnak;b:ueNÑaH. rdæaPi)alsaFarNrdæ

RbCamanitkm<úCa Edl)anRsg;sßitiRbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTs

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RbCaFibetyüenAeLIyeT.

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smøab;rgÁalenAkm<úCacenøaHqñaM1975-1979fa «Cakar

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Email: [email protected]

Home page: www.dccam.org

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DC-Cam/PIR : #66 Preah Sihanouk Blvd Phnom Penh Cambodia Tel: (855) 23 211 875 Fax: (855) 23 210 358 [email protected] www.dccam.org.A magazine of the Documentation Center of Cambodia: Searching for the truth. Number 82, October 2006 Funded by Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and USA.

Licensed by the Ministry of Information of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Prakas No.0291 P.M/99, 2 August 1999.

cUlrYmXøaMemIldMeNIrkarkat;eTas

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km<úCa Caerogral;éf¶GgÁar_kñúgs)þáah_TI4énExnImYy² enAkñúgqñaM2006. mkTl;nwgExtulaenH

manRbCCn5000nak;rYcmkehIyEdl)ancUlrYm.

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raCFanIPñMeBj TMnak;TMngCamYym®nþIEpñkkic©karsaFarN³ TUrs½BÞelx 023 219 814

B½t’manbEnßmsUmemIleKhTMB½r www.cambodia.gov.kh/krt b¤ www.eccc.gov.kh.

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TMnak;TMngCamYyelak v:an;fan; eBAdar:a TUrs½BÞelx 012 846 526 B½t’manbEnßm

sUmemIleKhTMB½r www.dccam.org.

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Issue 82 Oct - Documentation Center of Cambodia