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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTSOF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT GROUND - IS-TOKYO’99TOKYO/JAPAN/19 - 21 JULY 1999

Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft GroundEdited by

O. KusakabeDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

K. FujitaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

Y MiyazakiObayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

A.A. BALKEMA/ROTTERDAM/ BROOKFIELD/2000

Cover photograph (top): Shinagawa Station Project- Excavation for the underpass, ShinagawaShinkansen Station.

Cover photograph (bottom): Courtesy of Nishimatsu Construction: DLR Project, London. Photo byQA Photos Ltd, Folkestone, Kent, UK.

The texts of the various papers in this volume were set individually by typists under the supervision of each of theauthors concerned.

Authorization to photocopy items for intemal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, isgranted by A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, provided that the base fee of US$ 1.50 per copy, plus USS 0.10 per page ispaid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. For thoseorganizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 90 5809 106 6/00 US$ 1.50 + US$ 0.10.

Published byA.A. Balkema, PO. Box 1675, 3000 BR Rotterdam, NetherlandsFax: +31.10.413.5947; E-mail: balkema@balkema.nl; lntemet site: vgwwbalkemanlA.A.Ba1kema Publishers, Old Post Road, Brookfield, VT 05036-9704, USAFax: 802.276.3837; E-mail: info@ashgate.com

ISBN 90 5809 106 6© 2000 A.A. Balkema, RotterdamPrinted in the Netherlands

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground Kusakabe, Fujita & Miyazaki (eds)

Table of contents

© 2000 Ba/ke/Tia, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1 066

Preface XIIIOrganisation XVSpecial lecture

Seismic design of underground structures in soft ground: A review 3K K awashima

Session reports

Bored tunnelling - NATM tunnelling 23L E Sozio

Bored tunnelling - TBM and shield tunnelling 33HAkagiModelling and prediction 39R. N Taylor

Braced excavation - Deformation and displacement of walls 43RWDay

Braced excavation - Excavation in general 53TS Tan & 1 N Shirlaw

l Bored tunnelling - NATM tunnelling

Experimental study of the stability of a tumiel face reinforced by bolts 65R.Al Hallak, _[Garnier & E. Leca

Geotechnical aspects regarding the construction of Bucharest Subway 69VBeldean, VCiugua'ean-Toma & SCalinescu

Ground and structure response to a hand driven decline in Lontlon clay 75A G Bloodworth & S R. Macklin

Prediction of final displacement of tunnel section during excavation 81HSChung, NYKim & KC Hwang

v

Facing a major geological hazard for a highway tumiel in the French AlpsA. Guilloux

Some deformation observations in underground openingsN Gurung, Y Iwao, K Ishibashi & S H ongo

An example of a pile-tunnel interaction problemK G Higgins, I L..l Chudleigh, HD St.John & D. M Potts

A design study for a road tunnel: The effects of construction detailK G. Higgins, R. Fernie, H E Edmonds & D. M Potts

Shallow compressed air turmelling: Field measurements and a laboratory testGKammerer & S Semprich

High-speed railway tunnelling in soft granular Frankfurt groundR. Katzenbach, UArslan, G. F estag & A Riickert

Tunnels for public services built in wet sand by NATM'M Muller, A. H arsanyi & Z Czap

The residual stress of a thawed overconsolidated clayey soilTfNishimura & YKondou

Tunnels in soft ground for German high speed railway line Cologne-FrankfurtH Quick, 1 Michael & UArslan

Ground water and underground constructions in the City Urban DevelopmentG Rasula

A compensation grouting tiial in Singapore marine clay_[N Shirlam WDazhi, VGaneshan & C S Hoe

Experiences from the construction of a twin tunnel in a marly formationA. L Sofianos, A. Kalkantzi & C h. Giannaros

Building collapse and ground subsidence in nortliem section of Calcutta Metro ConstructionN N Som

Squeezing rock response to NATM tunnelling: A case studyC RTsatsanQ’os, R M Mantziaras & D. Georgiou

Monitoring ground deformation around a tunnel heading in London clayJ R van der Berg & C R. L Clayton

Evaluation of environmental effects of subway in Nanjing cityY Wang

2 Bored tunnelling - TBM, shield tunnelling

CATSBY signal aided boring: Sydney experimentation -1RAristaghes & VBlanchet

Monitoring the second Heinenoord Tunnel and the Botlek Rail TunnelKJ Bakker, Fde Boer & 1 B MAdmiraal

VI

Monitoring: Evaluation of stresses in the lining of the Second Heinenoord TunnelK1 Bakker, WL. Leendertse, R SJovanovie & G R Cvan Oosterhout

Reducing settlement caused by shield tunnelling in alluvial soilsSBenmebarek, R. Kastner & C Ollier

Factors inlluencing the ground loss due to tunnels driven by EPB shieldCTChang, lfWChen & .Ll Wang

Settlement, rotation and distortion of Piccadilly Line tunnels at HeathrowM L. Cooper & D. N Chapman

Field investigations of long term ground loading on an old tunnel in London ClayS M Gourvenec, M D. Bolton, K Soga, M WfGui, R.l Mair, H E Edmonds,L Ll Chudleigh & A. P Butler

Compensation grouting to control tilt of Big Ben Clock TowerD L Harris, Rl Mair, 1 B. Burland & .lf R. Standing

Investigation on successive settlement due to shield tunnellingTHashimoto, K Hayakawa, K Mizuhara & TKonda

From spoil to soil: Reuse of soil from TBM ’s in the NetherlandsM B. G. Ketelaars & L. E B. Saathof

Cenuifu ge investigation on deformations around tunnels in nailed clayJ Kuwano, A Takahashi, THonda & K Miki

A case study of ground control mechanisms of EPB shield tunnelling in soft clayKMLee, HWJi, C KShen, lHLiu & TH Bai

The effects of compensation grouting on segmental tunnel liningsSWLee, G R. Dasari, RJ Mair, M D. Bolton, K Soga, If Sagiyama,lfAno, IHagiwara & MNomoto

Pipe jacking through soft alluvial clay near London: A case historyMA Marshall & GWE. Milligan

Ground movements caused by TBM tunnelling in the Athens Metro ProjectI M ihalis & M Kavvadas

Experiences in the subsidence problems in Madrid Subway ExtensionC S Oreo, MArnciiz, J Trabada, M Melis & F M endana

Design of bored tunnel linings installed within partially excavated C&C boxesF Prinzl & A. R.A Gomes

The Westerschelde turmelz New shield technologies in EuropeH -.L Sager & M H errenknecht

The effects of boring a new tunnel under an existing masonry tgnnelH R. Samuel, R.l Mair, X C Lu, L Ll Chudleigh, R Readings & TLAddenbrooke

Construction principles for large-sized grid shield tunnelling in soft clayYSha0, El Macari, MXia & X Ye

VII

The construction of Pinglin tunnel through adverse geologyC R Shen, HCTsai, YSHsieh & B. Chu

Injection/ grouting near pile foundations: Full scale test AmsterdamA E Cvan a'er Stoel & A F van Tol

Compensation grouting at the Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension projectTSugiyama, TNomoto, M Nomoto, YAno, 7fHagiwara, Rl Mail; M D Bolton & K Soga

Study on ground behavior by 4-centered slurry shield driving methodH Yamada, M Sugimoto, M Nishio & K Kayukawa

Construction simulation for the interaction between shield segments and groundH Zhu, WDing, TfHashimoto, lNagaya & [Tamara

3 Modelling and prediction

Influence of infiltration and groundwater flow on tunnel face stabilityWBroere & A Evan Tol

Centrifuge modelling of a spile-reinforced tunnel headingM Calvello & R.NTaylor

Three dimensional simulation of sluny shield tunnellingD. Dias, R. Kastner & M Maghazi

Segmental tunnel lining behaviour in axial directionWHNCvan Empel, R.GA de Waal & Cvan der Veen

Neural networks as a means for predicting convergence in tunnelsK B. F #er

Designing shallow tunnel linings upon the action of moving stuface loadsN N F otieva, N S Bulychev & A. S Sammal

Evaluating plasticity solutions for the response of clay around tunnelsR..l Grant & R.N Taylor

The role of the soil ko value in numerical analysis of shallow tunnelsR F M Guedes de Melo & C Santos Pereira

A field case of rock-bolt deformations in pullout testsN Gurung, lf Iwao, K Ishibashi, S H ongo & M R. Madhav

Displacement of saturated sand during slurry shield drivingK Hosokawa & HAkagi

Earth pressure exerted on tunnels due to the subsidence of sandy groundK Komiya, E Shimizu, TWatanabe & N Kodama

Effects of excavation sequence on the 3-D settlement of shallow tunnelsTNakai, M M Farias, H Matsubara & S Kusunoki

Prediction and performance: A review of numerical analyses for tunnelsA Negro & R I B de Queiroz

VIII

Numerical solution model for instability of underground cavitySA Sadrnejad

Development of compensation grouting modelling and control systemK Soga, M D Bolton, S KAAu, K Komiya, l R Hamelin, A Van Cotthem,G B uchet & .Z R Michel

Development of a ground reaction curve for shield tunnellingA Sramoon & M Sugimoto

Study on shield behaviour by 3-D shield simulatorM Sugimoto, N Yoshiho & A Sramoon

Stress paths around a 3-D numerically simulated NATM tunnel in stiff clayDKWTang, KMLee & CWWNg

Evaluation of active earth pressure on the facing of the shield entrance in a shaftAWakai, K U gai & KAnan

Tunnel face reinforced by longitudinal bolts: Analytical model and in situ dataH Wong, VTrompille, D. Subrin & A Guilloux

Behavior of tumiel face pre-reinforced with sub-horizontal pipesCSI/oo & HKShin

Discussion: Comment on conventional access inaccuracies and advanced general earthpressure modelR Koudelka

Discussion: Can settlements over tunnels be accurately predicted using advanced numericalmethods?1 N Shirlaw

4 Braced excavation ~ Deformation and displacement of walls

Simulation failure mechanism of anchored sheet pile walls in a small centrifugeH G B.Allersma & lf Toyosawa

Behavior of large-scale cylindrical earth retaining wallKAriizurni, T Kumagai & A Kashiwagi

Movement of stabilized coal-ash soil wall during excavationKAzuma, S Noguchi, K Kurisaki, H H yoa'o & M Nagaoka

Successful excavation to 15 m depth in clay downtown Oslo, NorwayA Bye, A S Simonsen & N Bergersen

Informational construction approach for deep excavationSlfChi,lCC/tern & CCWang _Behavior and control of cable duct in proximity to ground excavation workH H anakura, N Sakata & H Yoshikuni

The use of numerical methods for the design of base propped retaining wallsK G Higgins, R. Fernie, D. M Potts & C Houston

IX

Displacement control design method of excavationXl’fH0u, G B. Liu & XX Huang

Soil-structure interaction of deep excavations in urban environmentR. Katzenbach, UArslan & Chr. Moormann

Behavior of a braced structure for excavation under asymmetrical lateral loadS Kazama

The Rotterdam sheet pile wall field test: Test setupDA Kort, A. F van T01 & AJOnker

A case of a braced excavation in Bangkok clayK Matsumoto, K H orio, Y Kikuchi & K Yaegashi

A case of deep braced excavation for subway in TokyoTOkada, I`H0shin0, S Sakuma & S Kohda

Behavior of an earth retaining wall during deep excavation in ShanghaiK0nishi & TSugawara

A customised earth retaining system for deep excavation WorksKB. Poh, lMLim, SKTang & TWTan

Design and construction of deep circular cofferdam in collapsed groundAl Powderham

Behavior and soil resistance of shaped cantilever diaphragm wallsH Sei & lf Miyazaki

Particular demands on deformations of building pit sideT Siemer, S H erzberg & H F ricke

3-D finite element modelling of slun'y trenchingT-STan, K-YfY0ng & BHOu

Behavior of cantilever earth retaining with buttress type stabilisationM Tsuzuki, J Nakajima, S Takayama & TKanekura

Case studies of buttress-wall type ground improvement in strutted excavationsN U chiyama, X Katsura & M Kamon

5 Braced excavation - Excavation in general

Three dimensional analysis of building settlement caused by shaft constructionA G B loodworth & G THOulsby

Stability of excavations in soft clay with floating self supported DMM wallA. E I Nahas, J Takemura & M Kouda

Constmction of the CTA cofferdam at Heathrow Airport, LdndonJ D. Findlay

Settlement of sewer pipes in soft clay installed in a trenchG F ranzén, TSpetz & G Sdlbfors

X

Earth retaining structures under seismic motion of Kobe earthquakeM F urukawa, ]fTama`n0, X Toyosawa, S Tanaka, J Matuura & K Sekiya

Soil behavior due to freezing and frozen column during excavation of soft ground7fH0ng0, lflwasaki & T0hrai

Ground settlement around a braced excavation workTHOriuchi & M Shimizu

Earth pressures acting on a deep shaft and the movements of adjacent ground in sandS Imamura, TN0m0t0, I Fujii, Tflagiwara & O Kusakabe

Ground bottom heave due to large and deep excavationTlnoue, MNishi, Y Kanaoka, M Iwagaki, M U ekuri,K Ishikawa, K Yaegashi, A Uchida & H Kikuchi

Experimental study of heaving in a cofferdam on soft groundT Kawasaki & X Shioi

Effect of anchor installation on settlement of nearby structures in soft soilsH G Kempfert & B. Gebreselassie

Design of pretensioned soil nailing systems in excavationsHTKim, L K Kang, SWPark & S K Lee

Measures to prevent heaving during the excavation of soft groundN Kubota, H Sako, M Morota & K Kojima

Behavior of grout column reinforced clay under lateral compressionHJ Liao & S F Su

Considering time-space-effect’s excavation design softwareGB. Liu, YK Huang & XlfH0u

Deformation behaviour and heaving analysis of deep excavationK Ohnishi, M Katagiri, K Saitoh & KAzuma

Investigation of groundwater status for deep underground constructionS Ono, M Kamon & TTaman0

Surface settlements due to walled excavation on 200 projects in TokyoS Saji, J Murata & T Sugimoto

ln situ measurements and FE-analysis of a deep excavationH E Schweiger, M G F reiseder & H Breymann

Seepage failure experiments on sand behind sheet pilesTTanaka, A Verruijt & K Hayashi

Full scale test on environmental impact of diaphragm wall trench excavation in AmsterdamlCWM de Wit, lCSR0elana's & Mde Kant fFEM analysis of excavation with soils improved in its passive zoneKHXie, DJ Zhang & XWang

XI

Miscellaneous

Photo of panicipants

Author index

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kusakabe, Fujita & Miyazaki (eds)© 2000 Balkema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1 066

Preface

The Intemational Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering formed the TechnicalCommittee 28 on Underground Construction in Soft Ground (TC 28) at the Rio de Janeiroconference in 1988 and appointed the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) as host society andProfessor K. Fujita as the chairperson. Under his leadership, the International Symposium onUnderground Construction in Soft Ground was held at the time of the New Delhi conference in 1994as the major activity of the Technical Committee 28. The proceedings of the IntemationalSymposium contain 23 national reports on braced excavation and shield tunnelling practice preparedby the TC 28 members as well as 52 technical papers, focusing on case histories.

Following the successful New Delhi International Symposium, the Second International Sympo­sium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground was planned and held inLondon in 1996, when the host society was handed over from the Japanese Geotechnical Society tothe British Geotechnical Society. Professor R.J. Mair was then appointed as chairperson andProfessor R.N.Taylor as secretary of TC 28. This London Symposium established the symposiumformat; distributing preprint volumes in advance, preparing general reports, and focusing ondiscussions as well as construction site visits. The proceedings of Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground contain 5 general reports and 116 technical papers.

The third symposium was planned at the time of the 50th anniversary of the Japanese Geotech­nical Society in Tokyo in July 19-21, 1999, as one of IS (International Symposium) series which theJapanese Geotechnical Society has been organising. Since the symposium followed the samesymposium themes and format as those of the London Symposium, the Technical Committeedecided to call the symposium the Second Intemational Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Tokyo’99). 193 participants from 27 countriesattended the symposium. The preprint volumes containing 109 papers and 5 general reports wereprepared. The special issue of ‘Soils and Foundations’ on the symposium theme was also publishedand the papers were presented for discussions during the symposium.

Seven sessions were 'organised in the symposium as follows:Session 1: Bored turmel - NATM tunnelling etc., chaired by O. S jostrom;Session 2: Bored tunnel- TBM, shield tunnelling, chaired by Dr M. D. Bolton;Session 3: Modelling and prediction, chaired by Professor O. Kusakabe;Session 4: Braced excavation - Deformation and displacement of walls, chaired by A.Guilloux;Session 5: Braced excavation - Excavation in general, chaired by Dr CT Chang;Sessions 6 & 7: Soils and foundations, chaired by K.J. Bakker & Dr YTsukamoto.

XIII

The final proceedings contain one special lecture on ‘Seismic design of underground structures insoft ground: A review’ by Professor K.Kawashima of Tokyo Institute of Technology, five generalreports and more than 100 technical papers after careful peer-review by the TC members and someJapanese experts in the field. The organising committee is grateful to the following Japanese expertswho helped to review the manuscripts: YAbe, TAsakura, THashirnoto, Ylshii, Dr M.Kanatani,Professor M. Sugimoto, Professor J.Takemura, YToyosawa and Professor A.Yashima.

The organising committee is specially grateful to the financial support by the Ministry ofEducation, Culture and Science. The sympositun would not have been possible without help fromthe following persons; K.Ariizumi, H. Hasegawa, K.Iida, M.Inoue, T Inoue, T Inoue, T Kesen,YKondo, S.Machida, M.Nagao, I.Sandanbata, YTa1<ahara, A.Takahashi, S.To1ii, H.Watanabe,H.Yamamura, K.Yoshida and TYoshikawa.

O.Kusal<abe

Chairman of Organising CommitteeTokyo, JapanOctober, 1999

XIV

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground Kusakabe, Fujita 8 Miyazaki (eds)

Organisation

© 2000 Ba/kema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1 066

The Symposium was organised by the Intemational Society for Soil Mechanics and GeotechnicalEngineering, Technical Committee TC 28 on Underground Construction in Soft Ground.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 28

RJ. Mair, ChairmanR.N.Tay1or, Secretary

CORE-MEMBERS

K. FujitaA.Guil1ouxO. Kusakabe

MEMBERSH.AkagiK. BakkerE de BoerG.CanettaC.T ChangHyung-Sik ChungM. ErdemgilS. D. EskesenXueuan Hou

RJ. HuergoK. KarlsrudR. KastnerJ. Mecsi

COOPERATED MEMBER

Y Leblais

A. NegroJ. N. ShjrlawW Steiner

T D.O’RourkeC.OteoT PaulV R PetrukinJ. RobertV M. Sharma

O. S jostromM. M. SoaresA.Sharif SoftaniN. SomA. SousaC. PTsatsanifosWWittke

XV

ORGANISIN G COMMITTEE

O.Kusakabe, ChairmanK. Fujita, Secretary

MEMBERS

H.Akagi Y MiyazakiT Hagiwara T NomotoS. Imamura T SugimotoK.Komiya YTsukamoto

GeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground Kusakabe, Fujita & Miyazaki (eds

Photo of participants

© 2000 Ba/kema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1 OB(

Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kusakabe, Fujita & Miyazaki (eds)

Author index

Addenbrooke, '11 I. 293Admiraal, J. B. M. 191Akagi, H. 33, 391A1 Hallak, R. 65Allersma, H.G. B. 475Anan, K. 451Ano, Y 257, 319Aristaghes, R 187Ariizumi, K. 481Arnaiz, M. 275Arslan, U. 117, 135, 523Au, S. K.A. 425Azuma, K. 487, 693

Bai, TH. 251Bakker, K.J.191, 197Beldean, V 69Benmebarek, S. 203Bergersen, N. 493Blanchet, V 187Bloodwoith, A.G. 75, 607Bolton, M.D. 219, 257, 319, 425Breymann, H. 711Broere, W 339Buchet,G. 425Bulychev, N.S. 369Burland, J. B. 225Butler, A.R 219Bye, A. 493

Calinescu, S. 69Ca1vello,M. 345Chang, C."1T 209Chapman, D. N. 213Chen, YW 209Chem, J.C. 499Chi, S.Y 499Chu, B. 305Chud1eigh,I.L.J. 99, 219, 293Chung, H.S. 81

Ciugudean-Toma, V 69Clayton, C.R.I. 173Cooper, M. L. 213Czap, Z. 123

Dasari, G.R. 257Day RW 43Dazhi, W 149de Boer, F 191de Kant, M. 723de Queiroz, RI. B. 409de Waal, R.G.A. 357de Wit, J.C.W M. 723Dias, D. 351Ding, W 331

Edmonds, H.E. 105, 219El Nahas, A. 613

Farias, M.M. 403Fernie, R. 105, 511Festag, G. 117Fife; K.B. 363Findlay J. D. 619Fotieva, N. N. 369Franzén, G. 625Freiseder, M.G. 711Fricke, H. 581Fujii, T 647Furukawa, M. 631

Ganeshan, V 149Garnier, J. 65Gebreselassie, B. 665Georgiou, D. 167Giannaros, Ch. 155Gomes, A. R.A. 281Gourvenec, S. M. 219Grant, R.J. 373Guedes de Melo, R F M. 379

741

© 2000 Ba/kema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 1 066

Gui, M.W 219Guilloux, A. 87, 457GLu'ung, N. 93, 385

Hagiwara, "ll 257, 319, 647Hamelin, ll? 425Hanakura, H. 505Harris, D.I. 225Harsanyi, A. 123Hashimoto, "ll 233, 331Hayakawa, K. 233Hayashi, K. 717Herrenknecht, M. 287Herzberg, S. 581Higgins, K.G. 99, 105,511Hoe, C.S. 149Honda, 'lf 245Hongo, S. 93, 385Hongo, 'll 635Horio, K. 543Horiuchi, 'll 641Hoshino, "II 549Hosokawa, K. 391Hou, B. 587Hou, X.Y 517, 687Houlsby G.'I1 607Houston, C. 511Hsieh, YS. 305Huang, YX. 517,687Hwang, YC. 81Hyodo, H. 487

Imamura, S. 647Inoue, 'll 653Ishibashi, K. 93, 385Ishikawa, K. 653lwagaki, M. 653Iwao, Y 93,385Iwasaki, Y 635

Ji, H.W 251John, H.D.St. 99Jonker, A. 537Jovanovic, RS. 197

Kalkantzi, A. 155Kammerer, G. 111Kamon, M. 599, 699Kanaoka, Y 653Kanekura, T 593Kang, I.K. 671Kashiwagi, A. 481Kastner, R. 203, 351Katagiri, M. 693Katsura, Y 599Katzenbach, R. 117, 523Kavvadas, M. 269Kawasaki, T 659Kawashima, K. 3Kayukawa, K. 325Kazama, S. 531Kempfert, H.G. 665Ketelaars, M.B.G. 239Kikuchi, H. 653Kikuchi, Y 543Kim, H.T 671Kim, N.Y 81Kodama, N. 397Kohda, S. 549Kojima, K. 677Korniya, K. 397, 425Konda, T 233Kondou, Y 129Koit, D.A. 537Kouda, M. 613Koudelka, R 469Kubota, N. 677Kumagai, T 481Kurisaki, K. 487Kusakabe, O. 647Kusunoki, S. 403Kuwano, J. 245

Leca, E. 65Lee, K.M. 251, 443Lee, S. K. 671Lee, S.W 257Leendertse, W L. 197Liao, H.J. 681Lim, J.M. 561Liu, G. B. 517, 687Liu, J.H. 251Lu, YC. 293

Macari, E.J. 299

Macklin, S.R. 75Madhav, M.R. 385 8Ma hazi M. 351g ,Mair, R.]. 219, 225, 257,Mantziaras, R M. 167Marshall, M.A. 263Matsubara, H. 403Matsumoto, K. 543Matuura, J. 631Melis, M. 275Mendaiia, E 275Michael, J. 135Michel, J.R 425Mihalis, I. 269Miki, K. 245Milligan, G.W E. 263Miyazaki, Y 573Mizuhara, K. 233Moormann, Chr. 523Morota, M. 677Miiller, M. 123Murata, J. 705

Nagaoka, M. 487Nagaya, J. 331Nakai, T 403Nakajima, J. 593Negro, A. 409Ng, C.WW 443Nishi, M. 653Nishimura, T 129Nishio, M. 325Noguchi, S. 487Nomoto, M. 257, 319Nomoto, T 319, 647

Ohnishi, K. 693Ohrai, T 635Okada, T 549Ollier, C. 203Onishi, K. 555Ono, S. 699Oteo, C.S. 275

Park, S.W 671Poh, K.B. 561Potts, D.M. 99, 105, 511Powderham, A.J. 567Prinzl, E 281

Quick, H. 135

Rasula, G. 141Readings, R 293Roelands, J.C.S. 723

742

293,319

Riickert, A. 117

Saathof, L.E.B. 239Sadrnejad, S.A. 419Sager, H.-J. 287Saitoh, K. 693Saji, S. 705Sakata, N. 505Sako, H. 677Sakuma, S. 549Séillfors, G. 625Sammal, A.S. 369Samuel, H. R. 293Santos Pereira, C. 379Schweiger, H.l-T 711Sei, H. 573Sekiya, K. 631Semprich, S. 111Shao, Y 299Shen, C.K. 251Shen, C.R 305Shimizu, E. 397Shimizu, M. 641Shin, H.K. 463Shioi, Y 659Shirlaw, J.N. 53, 149, 471Siemer, T 581Simonsen, A.S. 493Solianos, A.I. 155Soga, K. 219, 257,319,425Som, N.N. 161Sozio, L. E. 23Spetz, T 625Sramoon, A. 431, 437Standing, J. R. 225Su, S. E 681Subrin, D. 457Sugawara, T 555Sugimoto, M. 325, 431, 437Sugimoto, T 705Sugiyama, T 257, 319

Takahashi, A. 245Takayama, S. 593Takemura, J. 613Tamano, T 631,699Tamura, T 331Tan, TS. 53Tan, T-S. 587Tan, TW 561Tanaka, S. 631Tanaka, T 717Tang, D.K.W 443Tang, S.K. 561Taylor, R.N. 39, 345, 373

Toyosawa, Y 475, 631Trabada, J. 275Trompille, V 457Tsai, H.C. 305Tsatsanifos, C.P 167Tsuzuki, M. 593

Uchida, A. 653Uchiyama, N. 599Uekuri, M. 653Ugai, K. 451

Van Cotthem, A. 425van der Berg, J.R 173van der Stoel, A. E.C. 313

Van der Veen, C. 357van Empel, WH. N.C. 357van Oosterhout, G.RC. 197van Tol, A.F 313, 339, 537VCITUijt, A. 717

Wakaj, A. 451Wang, C.C. 499Wang, ll 209Wang, X. 731Wang, Y 179Watanabe, T 397Wong, H. 457

Xia, M. 299

743

Xie, K.H. 731

Yaegashi, K. 543, 653Yamada, H. 325Ye, X. 299Yong Shao 299Yong, K.-Y 587Yoo, C.S. 463Yoshiho, N. 437Yoshjkuni, H. 505

Zhang, D.J. 731Zhu, H. 331