Les propositions retenues seront financées sur l’exercice 2019 et pour une durée de deux ans.

Les dotations sont de 5 k€ à 10 k€ par proposition retenue et se déclinent comme suit :

Financement de 5 k€ pour les propositions s'inscrivant dans les thématiques de l'appel (lademande financière n’a pas besoin d’être justifiée),

Financement IXXI allant jusqu’à 5 k€ supplémentaires pour organiser des événementsscientifiques particulièrement visibles au niveau de la région (la demande financière doit êtrealors justifiée).

Au moment de la soumission de la proposition, il sera demandé à la porteuse ou au porteur de se déclarermembre de l'IXXI, et il/elle doit pour cela être dans une structure de recherche d'un des établissements(universités, EPST, écoles) soutenant l'IXXI (http://www.ixxi.fr/ixxi) ; pour se déclarer membre, il/elledoit remplir simplement la page http://www.ixxi.fr/devenir-membre.

De plus, si le projet relève des thèmes de la la MSH Lyon St-Etienne ou de BioSyL, indiquer alors :

si la porteuse ou le porteur est membre d'une structure de recherche rattachée à la la MSH Lyon St-Etienne, éligible pour un projet co-financé par la MSH LSE (en lien avec les principaux axesscientifiques de la la MSH Lyon St-Etienne : Sociétés et Humanités Numériques, Santé et Sociétés,Environnement Urbain);

si la proposition comporte au moins une équipe membre de BioSyL et s'inscrit dans la thématique dela biologie systémique qui propose d’aborder les questions biologiques en intégrant expérimentationset approches par modélisation, simulation et théorie dans des cycles itératifs (cf.http://www.biosyl.org/about-biosyl/what-is-systems-biology, au quel cas la proposition sera éligibleà être co-financée par BioSyL.

Les personnes porteuses de propositions soutenues s’engagent à transmettre à l’IXXI, la MSH Lyon St-Etienne et/ou BioSyL toute retombée du projet (publication, soutien complémentaire, etc.) et à mentionnerles financeurs dans les publications et autres productions scientifiques.

Remarque: Cet appel sera évalué uniquement sur la base du document écrit.

Contacts :

pour l'IXXI : ixxi@ens-lyon.fr ;

pour la la MSH Lyon St-Etienne : Emma Bessières, Secrétaire générale : emma.bessieres@msh-lse.fr ;

pour BioSyL : http://www.biosyl.org/about-biosyl/contact-biosyl

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1. Demande de financement : proposition de recherche

Format de la proposition :

Projet de recherche, séminaire, workshop, école d’été, autre

Titre de la propositionEnvironmental impact assessment methodologies – societal and political demand, and state-of-the-art debate (ENIMA-sotade)

Résumé (public) à paraître sur le site web de l’IXXI (si la proposition est acceptée) How to measure the degradation of nature to determine the depreciation / amortization of its use, not recorded in the balance sheets of the nations? We have developed a proof-of-concept tool of "ecosystem accounting" to evaluate the state of the ecosystem capital. Our systemic approach is one among a competing set of tools for environmental evaluation. There is currently no contradictory academic debate about the ability of these tools to inform and guide political and economic decision-making. There is no established peer-reviewed expertise in environmental evaluation.This project challenges the situation. It consists of (1) organizing an international workshop as a first confrontation between experts in the field (science-to-science) and concerned decision-makers and users (science-to-policy) and (2) providing a workshop preparatory research to position IXXI in the strategic landscape of environmental evaluation. The project will enforce the ongoing cooperation with STEEP in Grenoble (territorial resilience, modeling) and EPL in Lausanne (Rhône watershed, data policies, systemic risk assessment).

Mots-clés (5 max)• environmental impact assessment tools• science-to-policy interface• ecosystem capital accounting • comparative analysis (of environmental methodologies)• optimize / upgrade evaluation tools

Orientation(s) de la proposition (choix multiples possibles)

Biologie ☐ Sciences cognitives ☐Écologie et Environnement X☐ Sciences politiques X☐Design & Objets technologiques ☐ Linguistique ☐Sciences de l’information, Informatique X☐ Sociologie ☐Mathématiques ☐ Histoire ☐Sciences Physiques ☐ Économie X☐Géographie X☐ Épistémologie ☐Autre domaine (à préciser) :

Autres demandes de soutien pour la proposition (reçues/demandées/envisagées)Projet PAC région, en phase d’instruction (EVS, IXXI, STEEP) (D)Projet PIA, idem (Biovallée, IXXI)

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Prix l’Oréal, idem, (Jazmin Arguello) (D)European Space Agency (E)EPFL (D)EUL (E)

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Coordinateur du projet, qui doit obligatoirement se déclarer membre de l’IXXI (http://www.ixxi.fr/devenir-membre)

Nom DEGEORGES

Prénom Patrick

Laboratoire IXXI

Équipe Datasphere

Courriel patrick.degeorges@ens-lyon.fr

Participants

Nom Prénom Laboratoire Équipe

Longaretti Pierre-Yves INRIA Grenoble STEEP

Arguello Jazmin RDP IXXI - RDP

Weber Jean-Louis IXXI (associé) Expert EEA Copenhague

Publications significatives du coordinateur et des partenaires reliées au thème de la proposition ou non

Puydarrieux P, Degeorges P, Beyou, W et al., Cadre Conceptuel de l’EFESE (EvaluationFrançaise des Ecosystèmes et des Services Ecosystémiques), publié par le Service del’économie, de l’évaluation et de l’intégration du développement durable du Ministèrechargé de l’environnement, Avril 2017

Lalo A &Degeorges P, L’acceptabilité sociale des tirs de loups, Histoire & Sociétés Rurales 2017/1(Vol. 47)

Caillon S & Degeorges P, Biodiversity: negotiating the border between nature and culture. Biodi-versity and Conservation, 16(10) : 2919-2931

Weber JL. Ecosystem natural capital accounts: a quick start package, CBD Technical Series No. 77, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2014, 248 p.

Weber JL, Environmental Accounting. In : Framing Concepts in Environmental Science, QuantitativeAnalysis and Tools, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.105

Arguello J, Negrutiu I, Weber JL (2018) Evaluations environnementales. Pp 387-391. In: Dictionnaire juridique des transitions écologiques. Dir. François Collart Dutilleul, Valérie Pironon, Agathe Van Lang, Institut Universitaire Varenne Eds, Collection: Transition & Justice Volume 18.

Arguello Velazquez J, Negrutiu I (2019) Agriculture and global physico-chemical deregulation / disruption : planetary boundaries that challenge planetary health. Lancet Planetary Health 3 (2019) pp. e10-e11 (https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2542-5196%2818%2930235-3)

Courtonne, J-Y., Alapetite, J., Longaretti, P-Y., Dupré, D., Prados, E. 2015. Downscaling material flow analysis: the case of the cereal supply chain in France. Ecological Economics, 118, 67-80.

Courtonne, J-Y., Longaretti, P., Alapetite, J., Dupré, D. (2016), Environmental Pressures Embodied inthe French Cereals Supply Chain. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20, 423-434.

Courtonne, J-Y., Longaretti, P-Y., Dupré, D. 2018. Uncertainties of Domestic Road Freight Statistics: Insights for Regional Material Flow Studies. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22, 1189-1201.

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Établissement gestionnaire du projetL’établissement gestionnaire du projet doit impérativement être partenaire de l’IXXI. Pour l’appel 2018, les établissements partenaires sont :

• le CNRS, • l'Inria, • l’ENS de Lyon, • l’INSA de Lyon, • l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, • l’Université Grenoble Alpes, • l’Enssib,• l’Université Lumière Lyon 2, • l’Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, • l’Université de Savoie Mont-Blanc.

La porteuse/porteur est-il/elle membre d’une structure de recherche rattachée à la MSH LSE ? oui / non

La proposition est-elle en biologie systémique en associant une équipe membre de Biosyl ? :oui / non

Contexte scientifique ; bibliographie (une page maximum) :

Décrire le contexte scientifique de la proposition avec une bibliographie adaptée.Most countries are not capable of adapting their resource use to the basic needs of their populations and maintaining life-supporting natural systems on which societies depend on (Sas, 2015; DGS 2018). They do not incorporate ecosystem capital degradation in accounting standards. The overall degradation of natural systems resulting from economic activities is therefore equivalent to unpaid costs corresponding to ecological debts (Bartelmus 2010; Dasgupta 2010; Vanoli 2005; Arguello et al 2018; Weber 2014). These debts are virtual as long as they are not measured and recorded in ecological balance-sheets in order to be offset. The consequence is the accumulation of ecological debts over time, which creates economic and political risks of which institutions as well as business are more and more aware of (E-Risk 2012; Steffen et al 2015; Weber 2018). A range of approaches, methodologies, and instruments of environmental evaluation has emerged in the last 20 years (Mazza et al 2013; Weber 2018 present the pros and cons of these methodologies in general terms). They tend to integrate the ecological capital into economical accounting frameworks, national accounts firstly and now financial accounts (Caldecott 2013; Weber 2018). However, it is difficult to understand who is who in the field : the underlying goals of these environmental assessments are manifold, covering anything from integrated resource management (green growth) to exhaustively describing the state and ecological value of ecosystems (strong sustainability). The corresponding tools range from communication indicators to more operational metrics (Arguello et al 2018). Their capacity to provide aid to decision-making needs science-based validation. There was so far no in depth comparative analysis of these methodologies, which makes hazardous any attempt to introduce them in decision-making. Rather, there is grey competition and lobbying between international institutions / agencies to promote such tools. In addition, most of them have not been evaluated through the peer review process and funding resources are being used inefficiently. In brief, it is time mobilizing the scientific community on the issue.

Several of the above questions have been addressed by the contributors to the project :- the creation of a Natural Capital Network initiated in 2015, whose members are organizers, members of the scientific committee of the workshop, and workshop contributors ;- within the network or in collaboration with other IXXI partners, the following seminars have been organized to tackle problems such as Territorial complexity : legal and data challenges (2018) ; « From data ecosystems to ecosystems of data (Lausanne, 2016) ; Regards croisés sur la santé commune. Du Contrat naturel aux savoirs traditionnels des Indiens Kogis (et retour) (2018) ; Technosphère et Droit conference, organized by IUF IFITIS, Faculté de Droit Lyon (2018); The

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Paradigmatic City (IV): Transforming Cities (2019).- IXXI members have worked on aspects concerning big data, the production of the ecosystem accounting methodology (PhD thesis), and production of an exhaustive inventory of indicators on public health, social cohesion, and state of ecosystems. Two research projects on ecosystem capital accounting in the AURA region are in the evaluation stage. On the social and political dimensions, contributors of this project have developed partnerships with France Strategies and the project “Apheleia – Cultural Integrated Landscape Management” (endorsed by the International Council for the Philosophy and Human sciences (CIPSH) and the International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) and part of an international coalition BRIDGES (Building Resilience in Defense of Global Environments and Societies)).

In summary, IXXI has acquired appropriate expertise internally and through collaboration within ENS (EVS, CBP), and regionally (STEEP Grenoble and EPFL; and some primary data providers agencies). What precedes assembles reasons, arguments, and achievements that explain why we consider timely and beneficial to IXXI the organization of the proposed workshop and its preparatorystrategy in order to ensure a science-based controversy between the promoters of the main methodologies in the field and data providers, decision-makers and users.

References (see also the publication list)Bartelmus P. (2010) The cost of natural capital consumption: Accounting for a sustainable world economy, Ecological Economics vol.68, 2009, 1850-1857

Caldecott B, Howarth N, McSharry P (2013) Stranded assets in agriculture : protecting value from environmental-related risks. University of Oxford, http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/research-programmes/stranded-assets/Stranded%20Assets%20Agriculture%20Report%20Final.pdf

Dasgupta P (2010) Nature's role in sustaining economic development », PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences vol. 365, 2010, 5–11.

E-RISK Report ( 2012) Sovereign Bonds Posed by Overuse of Natural Resources - http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/upcoming_events/

Google Earth engine (https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/getstarted et https://www.google.fr/earth/outreach/tools/earthengine.html); Mundi (Atos, Thales Alenia Space, DLR et T-Systems): https://mundiwebservices.com/ ; Sobloo (Airbus, Orange Business Services et Capgemini): https://sobloo.eu/ ; Onda, Wekeo et Creodias réunissent d'autres entreprises européennes: https://www.onda-dias.eu/cms/; https://creodias.eu/; https://www.wekeo.eu/); GEOSS,Global Earth Observation system of Systems and Ecometrica.

DGS (2018) https://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/Rapport_DonneesGeographiquesSouveraines.pdf

Mazza L. et al (2013) (Nordic capital in a Nordic context – status and challenges in the decade of Biodiversity. Gaia consulting Oy and the Institute for European Environmental Policy for theNordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 2013, 115 p.

Sas E (Lois 2015) Nouveaux indicateurs de richesse dans la définition des politiques publiques (n° 2285). http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/ta/ta0469.asp

Steffen, W, Richardson K, Rockstrom J et al (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223) :doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855 et

Vanoli A., A History of National Accounts, IOS press, 2005, 544 p.

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Relations aux systèmes complexes et/ou caractère pluri/inter/transdisciplinaire (une demi-page maximum) :

Expliquer en quoi la proposition relève de la science des systèmes complexes et/ou préciser soncaractère pluri/inter/transdisciplinaire.A proof-of-concept tool of ecosystem accounting has been developed for the Rhone river basin atIXXI. The methodology employs a systems approach to environmental evaluation by using anexhaustive range of data sources (estimated 200) and performing metadata organization according tothe following categories : land use, water and river parameters, bio-carbon variables, and ecosysteminfrastructure including biodiversity. The PCB server hosts the produced results and sources. The methodology has been developed through a broad collaboration between IXXI-EVS-PCB andcontacts with experts from statistics, informatics, agriculture, economy, public servants fromterritorial organizations. - cooperation with STEEP, INRIA Grenoble (in particular their expertise on analytical tools toevaluate the complete footprint of a territory in its interactions with the rest of the world) and withEPFL/LASIG (on the Swiss part of the watershed) ;- the project feeds the new CNIG / IGN geo-platform program (DGS 2018) for sovereigngeographical information at the regional level allowing a description of the territory for all strategicresources (physical, digital, institutional) and the design of new services that create added value bypromoting interoperability around major equipment projects on the one hand, and by identifying thevulnerabilities as well as the assets of target territories and promoting a greater accountability of thedecision-makers and actors, on the other hand.- the PIA project Biovallée (Drôme) aims at evaluating the ecological capital at the « communauté decommunes » level and implement crowdsourcing.

Strengths of the IXXI developed methodology - the methodology has been initially advocated by the UN statistical Office and supported by theCBD. The IXXI proof-of-concept is the first experimental tool in its category;- this is the only methodology compatible with existing instruments on which national accounts areproduced ;- it is exhaustive by design (in terms of range and coverage of statistical data, their spatialrepresentation and time series dynamics), while not prescriptive : it evaluates the state of theecological capital over time and space;- it therefore ambitiously targets no net ecosystem degradation (i.e. strong sustainability) bypromoting the corresponding norms and standards for restoration and amortizing costs.

Description scientifique (une à deux pages maximum)The ambition of the workshop is to address some of the identified bottlenecks by bringing together scholars, decision-makers and a range of public service users, international -to-local agencies and institutions, and developers of environmental evaluation methodologies and tools. The following approach has been considered.1. Identify the problem - wide use of incomplete and / or misleading indicators of production, income, consumption, saving, investment, and debts that ignore externalities generated to the natural capital. 2. Define an objective – target “no net ecosystem degradation” and ultimately the amortization of the natural capital (“strong sustainability” defined in terms of “critical natural capital”). 3. Compare and propose actionable methods / tools fulfilling user expectations, needs, and the target objective by evaluating the following methodological categories: reference value or boundary approach; ecosystem services approach; system accounting approach. 4. Identify resources and cooperation capacity to upgrade best-fit tools and protocols that inform and sustain policies (such as data policies) at various scales. Inform on ongoing activities in the private sector.The workshop sessions are:S1 - Political, administrative, societal, economical demand - the a priori vision of decision-makers and users, and current indicator systems.

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S2 - Pressure based indicators : limits of use, footprints - ex. Environmental Norms, Excise taxes, Planetary boundaries, etc.

S3 - Ecosystem services assessment and valuation - methods, examples, interest and limits of monetary valuation.

S4 - Ecosystem maintenance (systemic) approaches - methods, examples, ecological valuation and ecosystem degradation costs, Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounting presentation (Rhône watershed)

S5 - Ecological debts and systemic risks . Operational responses (expected and provided) by ecosystem assessments including :- standards, taxes, public investment, depreciation of natural capital, full cost of products, financing of restoration and conservation, payment for ecosystem services, ecological and financial risks, green finance, conditionality of public contracts, integration of international indicators / multiple scales. S6 – Data Resources - IT, platforms, data and Big Data.

Of note, environmental diagnostics are performed on platforms managed by private operatorsspecialized in the production of geospatialized information through processing of massive data onstocks and fluxes of accessible resources in quasi-real time primarily for profit-making (Google EarthEngine and, more recently, the European network “Earth Intelligence and Planetary healthintelligence”) (Google Earth refs).

The expected results of the workshop are the identification of strengths and limitations of currentmethodologies, providing recommendations and guidelines for upgrading them, make public thework document in a peer reviewed journal, and organize partnerships between decision-makers andscholars to implement the recommendations through research project design. We anticipate that theIXXI developed methodology will serve as reference for users that target no net ecosystem capitaldegradation (also see section on Relation to complex systems).

Pre-conference work. Feeding the workshop debate. Seen the multi-actor nature of the workshop and the two day program,a preparatory and co-construction activity is necessary. An inventory of environmental assessmentmethodologies (3 major classes, 25 items; see sections S2-S3-S4 above) is underway aiming atunderstanding in context their respective advantages and limitations. On that basis, future work willconsist in elaborating a state-of-the-art report including the synthesis of indicators on public health,social cohesion, and the environment (according to the results of the workshop "Complexitéterritoriale, enjeux juridiques et numériques" 2018).Report available ahead of the workshop (January 2020), to be completed with recommendations ofthe Workshop, followed by publication in a scientific journal (co-authored by the promoters of theworkshop and moderators of S1-S6 sections).

Valorization of the proof-of-concept tool. The automation of calculations for ecosystem accounts(statistical and geographical data) is necessary to simplify the treatment chains by integrating theminto a single environment (e.g. jupyter notebook) to facilitate their exploitation. The process consistsof integrating the modules of the various geomatics and spatial analysis software packages (egGDAL, QGIS SAGA-GIS). The automation is an important element in demonstrating its technicalcapabilities and interest to the users (such as Agence de l’eau, DRAAF, CNR, MRC etc). On thesocietal side, the tool can be used to perform pedagogic simulations putting the Rhône basin in asituation of overexploitation of strategic resources and under various levels of carrying capacity.

Budget prevision

4 months half-time post-doc - 7,300€ (Post-doc, 3650€ / month, coût total employeur). A 5,000€ contribution by IXXI is requested to add up with other sources presently solicited.

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2. (Optionnel) Demande de financement supplémentaire

pour l'organisation d'un événement scientifique au niveau de la région

Titre de l'événementEnvironmental impact assessment methodologies – societal and political demand, and

state-of-the-art debate

Thème

Environmental evaluation tools, from concept to users, a multi-actor conversation

Public viséResearchers, public servants, territorial users, international to local agencies and institutions, ...

Programme prévisionnelScientific committee: Jean-Louis Weber and Patrick Degeorges (IXXI), Pierre-Yves Longaretti (INRIA Grenoble), Didier Babin (CIRAD), Bruno Smets (Vito, Belgium), Marie-Valentine Marin (IRGC, EPFL), Jazmin Arguello (IXXI Lyon), Nathalie Meusy (ESA Paris), Jean-Michel Salles (SupAgro Montpellier), Harold Levrel (AgroParisTech). Conseil régional Mission données, RMC, and AFB (Ag France Biodiv).

3x2 sessions each 2 h (09 :00 à 13 :00 puis 14 :00 à 17 :00)

Workshop sections and invited organizations (of the 45 identified, +30 participants are expected to join)

S1 - Political, administrative, societal, economical demand; Objective(s)

World Bank-WAVES, BEI/Green Finance (Banque Europ. Investissement), IUCN China (Int. Union

Nature Conserv) and WFEG (World Forum of Ecos. Gov.), UNEP, IRGC Lausanne (Intern Risk Gov

Council) and Swiss Re, Natural Capital Coalition, GIZ GmbH,

French contributors : Beyond Ratings, France Stratégie, CDC, Plan Ressources France, AFD (Ag Francaise Dével), OXFAM, SUEZ/ENGIE, WWF…

S2 - Pressure based indicators : limits of use

Stockholm Resilience centre, OFEV Bern (Office Féd Env et Forêts), UNEP-GRID Geneva, ESA Paris (Space Agency), MNHN Paris, ...

S3 - Ecosystem services assessment and valuation

PES-IPES (Ecosystem service payments), SEEA-EEA (Env Ecosyst Accounting), MAES (Millenium Assessment Ecosyst Services), CICES-Natural Capital UK (Common Intern. Classific Ecosystems), SupAgro Monpellier, LECA-CNRS Grenoble.

S4 - Ecosystem maintenance (systemic) approaches SEEA-EEA, WWF, AgroParisTech, INRA Grenoble, ENCA-IXXI Ecosystem Natural

Capital Accounting)

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S5 - Ecological debts and systemic risks

OCDE / ESG Factors, BEI/Green Finance, Beyond Ratings, INRIA Grenoble,

S6 – Data Resources

ESA/CCI/Copernicus, VITO (Belgium), DLR Munich, Federal Statistics Office (Bern), Priroda-RossStat Moscow,….and DREAL, DRAAF, ADEME, AFB/ONEMA, MNHN, CNR, Agence eau,

LieuENS Lyon

Durée

2 days

Dates souhaitéesApril-May 2020

Budget prévisionnel détailléOrganization costs – 30 participants, 2 days (sub-total = 24,200€)

Travel expenses, 15,000€

Housing, 5200€

Food and coffee breaks, 4,000€

A 5,000€ contribution by IXXI is requested.

Total costs of the project: 38,800€ with 10,000€ IXXI contribution, i.e. workshop and part of the

preparatory research.

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