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Magnetic separation
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N
S
nadawa
koncentratodpad
Principle of magnetic separationUtilized feature:
magnetic
susceptibility
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B0= 0H
0magnetic permeability of vacuum (4107Vs/(Am)= H/m
In vacuum:
H- magnetic field intensity (A/m)
B0- magnetic induction in vacuum (Vs/m
2
= T)
In any medium (e.g. particle):
B
=H
B= 0(H+M) =B0+ 0M
vacuum imput
particle input
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Vector of magnetic induction B in a particle is difefrent
from
that of in vacuum. Therefore:
= (BB0)/B0= ( 0)/ 0= 0M/B0
is the volumetric dimensionless magnetic susceptibility
MATERIALS
paramagnetics diamagnetics
+ -
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Ways of expressing magnetic susceptibility
volume
(dimensionless)
mass (specific)
(cm3/g)
w= /molar
(cm3/mol)
M = w M
x
HH
x
HH
x
HHmF zz
y
yx
xwx 0
generally:
x
H
HmFx
xwx 0
N
S
feed
concentrate tailing
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true paramagnetics
ferromagnetics
ferri- and antyferromagnetics
diamagnetics
magnetic field, H
magnetisation
,M
0
Classification of materials
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m
agneticsusceptibility
temperature
diamagnetics
antyferromagnetics
paramagneticsferromagnetics
Nel point
Curie point
Influence of temperature
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Paramagnetics
-true paramagnetics
-antyferromagnetics
-ferrimagnetics
-ferromagnetics
True paramagneticsTable 8.5. Magnetic susceptibility of selected
true parmagnetics at room temperature
ParamagneticSusceptibility,w(SI)
cm3/g*
ParamagneticSusceptibility, M(SI)
cm3/mol**
FeCO3 1000 200106 UO2 2965710
6
CuSO45H2O 76,710
6
KMnO4 251,310
6
FeSO4 844106 Pt 2537106
NiSO47H2O 201106
NiS 2388106
MnO 860106 MoO3 37,7106
CoS 2827106 Al 207,3106
*wafter Svoboda (1986/87).
**Mafter CRC (1987).
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Antyferromagnetyki
Table 8.6. Selected antyferromagnetics and their Nel point
(temperature) N,when they become true paramagnetics having
constant magnetic susceptibility at a given temp. and obeying
the CurieWeissa equation = C/(T + p))
(after CRC, 1986/87)
Antyferromagnetic M(cgs) N(K) p(K), dla T> N
Hematite, Fe2O3 3586106
(1033 K) 950 2000
Bunsenite, NiO 533650 ~2000
Pirrhotite, FeS* 1074106
(293 K) 613 857
Cr2O3 1960106
(300 K) 318
Tenorite, CuO 238,6106
(289 K) 230
Alabandite, MnS 3850106(293 K) 165 528
Pirolusite, MnO2 2280106(293 K) 84
Ilmenite, FeTiO3 68
Siderite, FeCO3 11300106
(293 K) 57
* FeS is a bertolid (non-stoichiometric) compound and its
properties depend on composition. FeS1,10and FeS1,14is a
ferrimagnetic
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Ferrimagnetyki
Table 8.7. Magnetic susceptability of ferrimagnetic
magnetite
as a function of field intensity
(after Svoboda, 1986/87)
Intensity of
magnetic field
H, kA/m
Specific (mass)
magnetic susceptibility,
w(SI), cm3/g
Magnetite
2 1,40
4 1,658 2,75
16 2,25
24 1,80
32 1,53
48 1,11
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Ferromagnetics
Table 8.8. Selected ferromagnetic materials with significant
remanence (Br)
and energy product (BH)
MaterialBr
(Tesla)
(BH)max
(kJm3)
Alnico 12 (13,5Ni; 8Al; 24,5Co; 2Nb) 1,20 76,8PrCo5 1,20 286
NdCo5 1,22 295
Sm(Co0,65Fe0,28Cu0,05Zr0,02)7,7 1,20 264
Fe; 23Cr; 15Co; 3V; 2Ti 1,35 44
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a
+H+Hc
B
+Br
-Br
-Hc
-H H
c
c
ba domeins orientation
b decreasing fieldc hysteresis
field intensity, H
magneticind
uction,
B
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Paramagnetyk Podatno
w(SI), cm3/g
Paramagnetyk Podatno
w(SI), cm3/g
Getyt, FeOOH 250380106 malachit, Cu2(OH)2CO3 100200106
Hausmanit, Mn3O4 500760106 monacyt, (Ce,La,Dy)PO4 12025010
6
Ilmenit, (Fe, Mn)TiO3 2001500106 syderyt, FeCO3 380150010
6
Limonit, Fe2O3.H2O 25076010
6 wolframit, (MnFe)WO4 3801200106
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S
S
S
N
N
N
Ma netic
Feed
N
S
Nonmagnetic
dry separation
drum separator
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Feed
Magnetic
permanent magnets
Nonmagnetic
Wet separation
(drum separator)
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Magnetic separation
Magnetic
N
Nonmagnetic
Feed
S
Semiproduct
Drum with easy and
difficult to magnetise
discs (IIIIII)
Induction type separator
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Magnetic Nonmagnetic
Semiproduct
Feed
belt type separator
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Magnetic
Feed
Nonmagnetic
cross-belt separator
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Kriostat
Magnet
Feed
Magnet
MagneticNonmagnetic
Supercoducting
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Feed
N S
Cycle I
Filling
WaterCycle II
Magnetic
particles
Magneticparticles
Nonmagnetic
particles
HGMS, peridical
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Fw=
Fgsin
Coils
Tray with particles
Isodynamic filed
H dH/dx = const.
Fm
Fg
Fm= Fw
mgsin = o wm H dH/dxV
ertic
al
Horizontal
Magnetic particle
ISD
