• • 'fI1t1"1J'fI.:J-K~1 : ~n'H1'"l1n'a'fltlin"1J'fI.:JcW'U-K~1'"l1n n1'a"1J ~~\itJ 'V'4. "".2549

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15 it a. 2550 s>

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~Jl1'W'lJ'El'l bbVl~'1 bUnbWri ~ 3

u~~tWin1~'lJ ~ ~'WVll'1lu~1 bWri ~~ ~1'Wm'lJ'el'l uVI~'1 bun bWri ~th'W bU'IJ-J ~'Wl';l 3 q

8

VlUVl';l'W';l ~~bWn ~~J-J~ b~m.jj''el'l flU bbVl~'1 bun bWri ~ uvi'ld 9

u~~tWin1~~mrl1'Wbi'el'l~'W!5l?l1"ru bbVl~'1tunbWri~~'W1 10

tJ'VI~ 2 ~'W!5l?l1"

bri~'1~h'lJlltJ'W'eln'lJ'el'l~'W 12

bri~'1~h'lJlltJ1 'W'lJ'el'l~'W 12

U~~ bJlVl bb~ ~VI iJ1 ~'lJ 'el'l ~ 'W 14

U~~bJlVl bb~::;~ m~ru::;'lJ'el'l~'W!5l?l1" 17

n1~~1 u'Wnu~::; bJlVl'lJ'el'l~'W!5l?l1" 25

- n1~~lbb'Wn~'W!5l?l1"rel'W~U Primate 26

- n1~~1 bb'Wn~'W!5l?l1"rel'Wl?iu!5l?l1"~'WbbVl::; (Rodentia) 32

- n1~~lbb'Wn~'W!5l?l1"rel'W~1J!5l?l1"n'Wb~'el (Carnivora) 33 o .~ % .. .., .., % .... .d

- n1~91bb'WnY~'W'6'il?l';l'el'W~lJ'6'il?l';lnUri (Perissodactyla) 38

- n1~~1 bb'Wn~'W!5l?l1"rel'W~u!5l?l17iUA (Artiodactyla) 40 -u

oWl1l-J'Wln1~'lJ'el'l~'Wbb~::;n1~~n'lJ'el'l~'W (Tooth Eruption) 61

- oWl1l-J'W1 rn nb~::;'lh'lb';l~ 1~ ~J-J n1~~ n'lJ'el'l~'W!5l?l1"bbl?i~::;1J~::;bJlVl 61

- n1~~n'lJ'el'l~'W (Tooth Eruption) 65 ..,j ... ..

tJ'VI'VI 3 UVl';l brin::;VI

n1~~bri~I::;-J~'W!5l?l1"~H191nn1~'lJ~~'W 68 q

'IJ

U~~LJl'Vl"lJ1l\l ~I?lrf~'V'l1JLVt1~~Jl'l'V'l LL'":lI?i~1l~"lJ1l\l~I?lrf 72

m~~LV'1n~tr1l'lm'ln~'W~l?lrf 86 q

Minimum number of individual (M/\/I) 97

99

104

... .... 'it/VI VI'U1..

~JllV'lll V1'C1-.:l tml ruA ~ih 'WblJ-.:l:W~'Wl'd

2 JllV'l ~1 tJV11-.:l'El1 n1~ ll~IPl-.:l~ ~-.:lllVl'C1-.:l tml ruA ~iil'WblJ-.:l:W ~'W I'd 2

3 5

4 5 ,

.,;g; 0..::::.. I iI Q

5 m'~IPl-.:l ~1 ~lPlll'~ ~~'El-.:l ~'EltJ"lI'El-.:l1:.J1V1V'l'lJ 7

6 tA~-.:l~ h-.:lJlltJl'W"lI'El-.:lYr'W 13

7 dental arcade ll'i'1::;n1~~tJn~'El~I'WlPil-.:l1"l1'El-.:lYr'W 14

8 upper tribosphenic "lI'El-.:l Virginia opossum (Didephis virginiana) 17

9 lower tribosphenic "lI'El-.:l Virginia opossum (Didephis virginiana) 18

10 zilambdodont "lI'El-.:l Hispapiolan selenodon (Selenodon paradoxus) 18

11 dalambdodont "lI'El-.:l Hairy-tailed mole (l'1'd~'W) (Parascolops brewere) 19

12 quadrate "JJ'El-.:l Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) 20

13 bunodont "lI'El-.:l ~-.:l:n:WllV'l'W~ (Pan trolodytes) 20

14 hypsodont "lI'El-.:l n'"Jl-.:lth (Cervus unicolor) 21

15 branchydont 'lJ'El-.:l:W'W'l1~ 21,

16 tophodont 'lJ'El-.:l Tapir, Chinchilla, Cloud rat ll'i'1::;VI1;;jVl'El-.:l"llI'd 22

17 selenodont 'lJ'El-.:l Blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus) 22

18 loxodont 'lJ'El-.:l Capybara (Hydrochoerus) ll'i'1::; vlei rat (Otomys) 23

19 bilophodont "lI'El-.:l~-.:l'lJl'lJ'W (Papio) 24 "

" 20 carnassial "lI'El-.:lVlI9-.:l9'Eln~lV11 (gray wolf) 24

21 Primate dentition 26

22 l'1'd'Elt.h-.:ln::;tVl'i'1n~-.:lll~:W (Macaca fasciculalis) 91n~~D.rlru"Vl~m'WD~~:W']jl~

~V1m ll1A-.:l9v:ll'i'1-.:lm'ru:WVll~V1m~tJ 27,

23 rfI'd'Elt.h-.:ln::;tVl'i'1n~-.:l'd'Eln (Macaca mulatta) 91n~~DJlru"Vl~m'WD~~:W']jl~~V1m

ll1A-.:l9v:ll'i'1-.:l m'ru:WVll~V1m~ tJ 29,

24 Hystricidae dentition 32

25 Canis sp. dentition 34

... 'Vl'U1

26 34 "

27 ,

V{'Wb~m'll'f:l'lI:1,r'llVlHl"'llnn1~'lI(9)~l\.iu 'V'L~. 2549 35 q q

28 36

29 Rhinoceros dentition 38

30 Sus scrofa dentition 40

31 n1~~lbb'WnV{'W'\.'1ih~~ 1 bb~::: 2 ']j(9)~I'1'l1'f:l'l'\.'l~ q 'lJ

41

" 32 ~U bbl:1 (9)'1 ~1'Wm:hl?l (9)V{'Wb~m']j (9)1J'Wbb~:::']j (9)~I'1'l1'f:l'l'\.'l~ cu q q 'U 42 "

33 V{'Wb~ tJ'd ']J'f:l'l'\.'l d-.11?l'd ~ bb~::: I?l'd b~tJ 'lJ 'lJ

42

" 34 ~U bbl:1 (9)'1 ~1'W1J (9) bAtJ'd'll'f:l'lV{'Wn~I~'\.'I,jl']j (9)1J'W'lI'f:l'l'\.'l~

'lJ q 'lJ 43

35 ml~~I'1 (mandible) 'lI'f:l'l'\.'l~~~'lJ1'W'\.'I~~'lI(9)A'W SO 16 'lJ q q

44

36 ~UbmtJ1JbVltJ1JV{'Wnn~~~ 3 ']j(9)1J'Wbb~:::~I'1'l1'f:l'l'\.'l~ 'lJ q 'lJ

44

37 Cervus sp. dentition 46

38 I?l'd'f:ltl'l'ln:::'['\.'I~n bfl'1 (Muntiacus muntjak) "'lln~~fjJlill"l'll:1rn'Wfj~~~']jl~~'Vml

bb'\.-i'l"'l~I~'1mnr~'\.'Il~'Vlm~tJ 49 q

51 , ,

40 bmtJ1J bVltJ1JV{'Wnn~~Vl 3 ']j(9)1J'W'lI'f:l'l n'dl'1 bb~:::dl'1 q

52

41 Bibos sp. dentition 53

42 ~U bbl:1 (9)'1 rnsuu n ~1'WajfltJ bb~:::'lI'dlV{'Wmjl']j (9)~I'1'l1'f:l'lt)'d-A'dltJ 'lJ q

54

" 43 ~U bbl:1 (9)'1V{'W'\.'I,jl bb~ :::V{'Wb~m'll'f:l'lt)'d-A'dltJ 'lJ

55

56

45 ~'WV{'W~1J'd~~'lI'f:l'l~IWrU~:::bJl'VlI?h'l1 57

46 V{'Wml~~~ 3 ']j(9)1J'Wbb~:::~I'1 'n'f:l'lt)'dq

58

47 Bubalus bubalis dentition 59

48 ~UbmtJ1JbVltJ1JV{'Wn~I~'\.'I,jl']j(9)'lJ'W 60 'lJ q

49 V{'W'\.'I,jl'l1'f:l'lt)'d-A'dltJ ~~1Jn1~~ n'll'f:l'lV{'W 67

50 V{'W~1~1:1~'lJ~nr U~:::bJl'Vl~ 1 69 'lJ

69

70

71

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

" , , n~ 0 ,o:::,J,o:::,J Go"

-Y~'W'Wl'WlJ"il'VI dp. 'lItl'l'YJ-fl'dltJ

~'WJ1'W~A~ op, 'lI'1N~lJ 'lJ

j:;~Umj~n'lltl'l~'WnnlJ~~ 1 ".!lIMh'l 'lItl'lrr'd q

" 'Wl.!1

64

2 [9I'In-.1bb~~-.1:i'~~un1:i'~n"1l'1l-.1Y1''l.l~rwr 89

3 [9I1:i'1-.1bb~~-.1:i'~~un1:i'~n"1l'1l-.1Y1''l.l t~t.J~fj"1l'1l-.1 Caroline Grigson 92

4 [9I1:i'1-.'l\.b~~-.'l~1'1l1t.J"1I'1l-.1~[9I1"t~t.Jn1:i"{n~fj"1l'1l-.1 Annie Grant bb'C-l~ Caroline Grigson q

mbmt.JUbVlt.JU 92

o 1JVI'l.l1

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9 ~U~ m~ 1 b1~.., n 'd 1(?)1 ~~ nd-J1 \~ ~~.., J'~ l,xn ~~9::; b-1h 'lil ~ m~n 1'W1?1'd'll~'" ir'W bbl:'1::; b1~.., n 'd~

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I I I I

o ':'J "" ':'J 1" , " "'" "'.'1 "" '" "" .?'Im mJ'rl n~1 '1l'" mJ'f"In~rl 'W(?)I'WI?lI"'11:'1,)'Wbbl:'1'dVl9::;~ urnunu b~~Vl9~U~n b1'" fl'dl~ lu'Wm'll~'"

~ fl'W~ lfl tJm 01tJ~ tJ ru U1l'd ruu 'VI~'" lu n ru fl~ u'iA.., ~ ~"'91 n n 1 J''lI (?) ~'Wl 'Wfl~'" ~ 1 'tl(?)'lI~'" u'VI~'"qj qj q q

bun rufl~ u 'iA..,~ ~.., n\~~u'VI~n ~.I'WUJ'::;lJlVll 'VIdJ'VI1:'11tJU J'::;lJlVl~1 n~'W \dJ~19 ::;l1J'Wn J'::;~"'~11(?) ""

'lI'W1 (?) 1'V1 rY J''d ~ ~..,i~.., J'~mj~'" e:rl~~1Jl 'W1J1b'd rub~m flUn J'::;~"'~11(?)~'W~ 1'W~'d'W'lI~'" m::;(?)n~l?li~\~91 nmJ''lI (?)~'W~ bl'VI~"'bUJ'1 rufl ~th'Wb1.J"'~::;'Wl'd 91 n mJ'~ n~1

'lJ q

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Vl nul'Wb1~"''lI~''''tlJll~bl'd (?)~~~ bll:'1::;~ n'VI~"'~"'~\~bl'tl (?)..,~~ n~IVll..,ii~~~1 "Il~"Il'Wlbt.i"'~~199::;nq

1Jl~I~l?li

n1 J'~ n~11'W~~"''lI~..,Yf'W~l?li,!'W I?1'dYf'W~ I?lil~'" n\~ lb~'" ~~"'J'I'd~ lJ'I'tl1 in J'b1~ 1 m J'~ n ~1

b~ 1\~ ~'dtJ l"ll'W fl'W ~ tJl.., b"ll 'Wl'Wl1~..,~ l~'W\~ ~tJ 1..,-n(?) b9'W ~~ 1'Wl1~.., 'lI~"'~ 1 ~ 'lI~'" ~I?li1?1'd,!'W1 1?1'd~tJl'" l"ll'W lJ'1¥fl'W~~IYf'W'lI~'" fl'Wbn,!'W n m J'~~(?) l1J~tJ'W'lI~"'"Il (?)Yf'Wb~~~"'-]i'd.., b'd 1:'11'V1~"''lI~..,m tJ

'lJ q q

Yf'W"Il (?) urnn~~~Yf'Wbn b1-tJ n fl'Wvf'd\U~1 "Yf'W~I'W~" (Deciduous teeth) lll:'1::;9::;b1 mbVl'W~ ~'dtJ"Il (?)q 'lJ q

Yf'W~ 2 ~b1-tJn~1 "Yf'WbbYl" (Permanent teeth) l"ll'Wb~tJ'dflUl'W~l?li~mnbVl'W~'lI~"'"Il(?)Yf'Wl'VI~I~ q

9::;In (?)~'WI?lI~"ll 'd'" l'd1:'11 l"ll 'Wl~tJ') flU1'Wfl'Wln ~.., 91 n~ n ~1'd ~ 1 bl~'d tll bn,yl1 m J'';j lfl J'1::;'\.fll~'d'!'W

, "" n"'l~~11 ~'el th,nJ'el tJbn~I~1 :i'blVl nu1~\ij'el bn~1 n l:i'~ m~IV1'W~lwfbV1~hir'Wbb~'d ~1 ~1?l11?1'dir'W

I?lltJbd'elmm.h~~1 rub'l'lI1V1i q

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q

Vl nu lh~ in Vl"ll'el'l ~1?l1"'l1nV1'W~ 1?l1~1~"'l1 n u V1~'1I:U:i'1 rufl ~ u 'lA'I ~ bb~ ~1 'W d'el'l"ll'el'l

~Jll~bb'd (?l~'el~I:U:i'1 ru " , ,

bu'W-ir'el ~ ~ bU'el'l ~'Wl 'W~1'W~1'11 ~'1'ell"'l"'l ~u'Wtl :i'~l:tJ'lloJl?i'el ~Vi"'l ~Vi 1 nl:i'~ n~1 bb VI ~'1 s-

l:unrufl~bb'IA'Itll?i'el11J

........ ~~'I..l vn ~~~~n1~';l~tJ

V1'W~1?l1~1~"'llnn!:i'''lI(?l~'WJllf1~'Wl~ tJ~.~.2549 "lI'el'lV1~~"lI(?l~'W~ SO 11-17 q q q

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d 'lJ 'V1 'V1 1

~Jl1~~11'l.J~~~ bbVl~~b'lJ'a1ru~ ~eJTWbil~:l,J~'W1 1

~ , II '\-I 11' ~ 'lu n ru A~u I'W'ltl"l JJ~ 'W 1':1 ~~'tl £.n 'LH'lJ 171n1sil n A ~'tl ~"1J 1l"lVl:W Yl 7 111 'W'ltl ~~ ~'Wl ':1

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2

nl~ 2 Jll'YHlltJ'VI1'l'fl1 rn fibb~ Vl'lbm'l:i'lt un ruJPl~ul'tihJ.n.J~'Wl,) "

~~1 : JllJPl1"lJltU~lruJPl~ .veJn ~IHb'W~'WlbbV1~'ltU~lruJPl~Ul'Wttl'l~~'Wl,) : 2547

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3

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4

m'~Ja1'C-lur1n:i''fl~~~1,xV1r1n1:i'1l?\1'l'W bl?\tJ~:i'::;tJ::;b'd'C-l1UlJU~'l1'W1'W:i'::;V1~1'l~'W~ 8-31 ~'C-l1A~ 2544 iJ 'V iI I I

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b'll'W~b~(91nvh~'W 191'fl~11'W~'W~ 13-29 ~'W1A~ 2545 Aru::;bunruA~t~~1trn~m~nJl1A~"ll1 , " ,

bun ruA ~tjJ~J q

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I. I '1J I I 'V iI

1'l'W1V1~~'l'flt.i 191'fl b\J'fl'l nuVl'C-l~'lJ l?\ l'l'Wbbm~ l?\~'l'flt.i1 'W.w'WVI A1'l (91::;~'W(91 n bb~ ~ 1 A~'ltltJ'l t~ ~1m :i't;1'lJ l?\ q,r q q q llJ q

, " t~"'l 'W~ 1 \~"'l \bl91 nt~Y'luVl~ n ~1'W VI 1'1bun ruA ~ b~ ~~'W~ n V1'C-l1 tJU:i'::; bJlVl b'll'W Jl1"ll'W::; ~'Wbe.J1

5

l 'Wu Y-I.f1 . 2549 Yll'l JllA';J'Dl'lunruA~ Aru::;lunruA~ 1J1-wl'Wn~m~ni'Wu~ 1-3 hh~ 1

n1 ~ 'JI, I71 A'W~ b , ,lVi ~ 'l 'lun ruA~ih'Wlu 'l:W:;'Wl'J;nAf'lViti'lll71mbtJ'l nl~~I'lI'W'B'B nvu'W 7 Vi'tl:W'JII71A'W

L ~ :W A'BVi'tlWllI71A'W~ sa 2 lb'tl:; sa 3 'tl'J 'WVi'tl:W 'JII71A'W~~lnl~'JII71A'WlmJ,J'W 1J1bLn Vi'tlWlII71Fl 'W~ 'II "l .. q q q Cl

\! I 'i-' •

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6

eJ'6'l'"l1nn1~~m~1'l-1~n~1'wI?i1-.:J1 ~H('"l1nLL'l-I~-.:J 'Lunru~~ LL~-.:J~ H(LL~ ~-.:J1~L{i'W~1~ ~'W~ ~ ~

'e11PltJ'e1~ ru LL~-.:J~ Lu'W~~il~'"J1~!~'"J1~~1m~C11'WClh'W1?i1-.:J1 LU'W'e1~1-.:J~ ~~1~'1J~'e1n1~.yh • I I I iI I

L~1'e1-.:JiJ'e1L~1'e1-.:JHI?i1..:l1 '"l1n'L'6'l'l-l~LU'W'e1~1-.:Jmn LU'e1-.:J'"l1n1~'V'lUL~1'e1-.:JiJ'e1'L'6'l'l-l~'0'-.:JViLU'W ~11~ LL'6'l~

LW~n LL'6'l~1~L~1'e1-.:JiJ'e1'L'6'l'l-l~U1-.:J~'W~LU'Wn1~H1'~~~..:l 2 '1lil~~L·jh~'"JtJn'W~L~tJn~1 Bimetallic q

'L~tJ'V'lU Lu'W1u'l-I'e1n ~'V'lU~1iln1~'"l-.:J1'"l'V111 ~ L~tJ'l-I1tJri'e1'W~'"l ~U1'6'l-.:J 1iJ~-.:J'V'l¥'e1~nu~ I?l1tJ L'l-liJ'e1'Wnu

~'V'lU~ LL 'l-I~-.:J 'Lm1 ru~ ~U1'WL~tJ-.:J1'WL'lIl?Ir.r-.:J'l-I1'~'e1~~D1il( ~~'V'l'6'l 'W1 C1 ~~'WD 2546 :122-124) q q q

I I 11 11 I

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mnun 'L~tJ'e1tI1'W-rl'"J-.:J~~'l-I~1-.:J1,000 ~-.:J 1,200 'e1-.:J,",1L'll'6'lL~tJ~ (~'1l1 ~11num 2523 : 93) ~~tJn ~ q

I iJ I iI

n'W'0''"J1iJ~1Jl1'1l'W::;~'WLeJ1LU'e1~'W(Earthern ware) 'e1~1-.:JVI'V'lU ru LI.'l-I~-.:J'Lunru~~LL'tA-.:Jil L-rl'W , , "

Jl1'1l'W::;~'Wl.m'VlN'V'l1'W 'l-lif'e1n'Wn'6'l~ dj'W~'W 1.1.'6'l::;'W'e1nL'l-IU'e1'"l1n ~'e1-.:J'lI'e1-.:J n1~'V11 L~1'e1-.:Jt1'W~'WLeJ1 I I I iI I

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11 I I 11 I

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I I iI I

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I '" '" I

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. d(complex society) 1~'1l'W'l-I'W..:l

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I 11 '" I

m'"JiJ~::;~1ru 27 8Jl~. n~1-.:JiJ~::;mru 17 'll~. LI.'6'l::;i'e1-.:J~'e1tJ'lI'e1..:l~1'e1~Vlm::;~-.:J~11~~'Wu on-.:J'l-I~n~1'W ~ ~

1.1 '" 11 1 I I

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11 I '" I I

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7

139-142) I 11 I I

b1,J~'l1,J'lJ1l'l ~ !l'l S''tHJ'lJ'El'1 ~T;;1~ u oJu !l1 9 n',h 'l 1~~ liJ m S'e.J ~ [;l l l'l~ !l 'l ' ~'lt.ifJ lYl 'El l -ifl.W~ fJ 'D U I I 11 I i.

9 1 nY1iJ Vl ~n'"il Un1 S'~U l l 'l ~hmJ1 Yi~U~ 'J fJ rlULl'lN m::;(PIn ~1l 'l S' 1l EJ 'lJ 1l 'l ~1 \l dJUn1 S' l'~ fJ -W1 Vl ,rn ~ ~

lVi'l(PI '1 ~ 'l lU~i'tl'l'lJ'tI\liJ l'Vll'l LUL ~ ~ m S''Vl'tl~1 ~'ltl19 :;;iJ~ (PI'll S' :;; ~ 'l l'l~ e.J~ [;l ~ u lfhm f'll~ 'tIUfJ l n n~ l

l~'tIn1nl~ ru'Ll~mJ~ur'h ~'l nmJ1EJ mlfJ~1.nl tJ 11,J"JlWllU~lt.i\lniJ~\l~~ tJ n ~ l n1nlU'l'llUnU~l•

91 nVl~n'"il 'J~ ~u ~ dJum:::~\l~l~' (?j 1l1 9 "l:::U'tIn 1~'J~ nfJfJ ~ 1 1u"Jl fJ 'D U ~ ~t.i\lniJ n1n~tJ \l ,J!J • •

'V • V j?

~M-1L'tilH.n1 t1bU"ll W1: U "11'1 eoUL1 1l\lm S'H dJ U'tI1 Vl l S' Vl~'tI n1n~ tJ 'l 1 ~lAf \l l U 1'WH11'1J 'tI\lm n~ tJ\l.

8

m'irhvl'lJ [9l'fl1!1".lJ 'fl~ LL'VI'fl~ bt1'i1nlFl ~,r1'1..lbtJUI~'I..l1"J• '"l1n n1:i'U:i':;bi:J'W'l'Wd~'Tl..:l ~'W~1~'"l1 nn1:i'~m~1V1~ n~1'W'Vl1~ bU:i'1ruf'i ~ t.l1'"l:;U:i':;m ruTl1tJ

d.9 ,

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~1~'W'"l1 nb'6'lVI:;'l 'W~1J uuu 1?i1~1

ll'6'1 ruVI'6'i..:lbUn ruf'i ~ u'IA..:le~19'd 1l'U'WllVI'6'i..:lbUn ruf'i ~~ l'u'WU:i':; irmuVI'6'i..:l~TltiTl1 ~tJ~i:l 'lJ

'lJ'W1 l?l'l VI qJ ~tJ n1~~1 bu'W'~~'ll'W'lJ'W1 l?ltiTl~1 bl'6'1:; bU'WlbVl'6'i..:lbU:i'1ruf'i ~U:i':; lJl'Vl ~ ~1'W·nTl..:l f'i'W'l'W~~tJ

~~tJriTl'WU:i'd~,",1~l?lf bl?ltJTl1'"l~1mnmU~TlTlnHllu'W 2 ~~t1'lVlqJ1 ~iTl

~~t1~ 1 i:lTl1t1Tlti'l'W-n'J..:ln'J 3,500-3,000 1I~1ll~'J f'i1l?l~1Tl1'"l"'1:;bU'W'll~'ll'W, 'lJ ,

'lJ'W1l?lhl'lmuun bU:i'1ru~l?l C1~ bU'W'lJTl~~~t1el~blri 'lJ'J1'W~'W'nl?l '6'1 nUl?llb'6'1 :;rl11'6'1-iiTl~Tl~1"'11n~'W ~, 'lJ

TlTl'W~'lJ1'J '6'1 nul?l bl'6'1:; n11'6'1-iiTl~Tl~1"'11mu~TlnVlTltl'Vl :;l'6'1 (~:i'Y1'6'1 'W1 C1:;~'Wfi 2545 : 139-142)'lJ ,q

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~h~n'WJl1t1'l'W'll~'ll'W(MY1'6'1 q

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2545: 139-142)q

bl'6'1:;"'11 n n 1:i'U:i':;~1'W~1'W'l un 1:i'U1lTl1 ~'JTlti 1~ ~1'W~1~'"l1 n.r'W~u'Vl~ ~ ~'WTl~:i':;VI~1..:l

bf'i:i'~m:;l?ln 2 bf'i:i'..:l 'l'WVI'6'1~'lJl?lf1'W~ 11U~1n1:i'Vl1~1Tl1t1fi1l?lmf1JTl'W 14 bl?lmf'i1Tl..:l Accerelator qj q q q q

Mass Spectrometry (AMS) bl?ltl l?l:i'. fiUn l~,",'ll1C1J~'Vli Y1U~1~'JTlti1..:l~tmTl11uVl1ri1Tl1'1J f'i1fUTl'W 14 t!'W e.J'6'1Unn!J~1i:Jri1Tl1'1JTl~~U:i':;mru 970 B.C. Vl1TlU:i':;~J1ru 2,800-2,90011

mlb~'J (MY1'6'1 'W1C1:;~'Wfi 2546 : 122-124)q q

9

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2543 dj'W~'W6-J1'"l'WJ;i'lU'"l'"lU'W ~'I1 'W.yi1n1~A nM1 bb~:::~ b"'l n:::"Hfl16-J ~~\~'"l1 n n1~"lI ~ ~'W~ bb'VI ~'I q 'lJ q

" " , bun ru"'l~ m!l'ltl \~~ n1~A nM1'l,J1n6-J1tJ'VI~1tJ~1'W b"ll'W n1~~'I~'W~1'W nluuu n1~~'1 ~'I"l Jl1"ll'W:::

0Jl 'lJ

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'lJ 'lJ

, , " 'I"lU~ 1 \~~ fj,)16-J'VI'lN1 n'VI 'IN 1 1:.11'Wb1-11'l"lll1'l1J~::: bJl'VI~Jl1'l~ lwfVl'l"lu1'W1J1'b') ruu'VI'C1'1 bun ru"'l~ bbvi'ltl .

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'lJ ~

I I '" '" iI

fj1'1un"'l1'1U1 ~l?11"u1 ~'Il?1l1hJtl

- 1'') (Bibos sp.) - 'VI6-J (Sus scrofa) 'lJ

- f1r:l1tJ (Bubalus bubalis) - ~t!"lI (Canidae)q

"" - b~tJ'I~1 (Capricornis sumatraensis) - 'VI'W (Muridae)'lJ ,

- 'IN:::11'1~:::~'1 (Cervus eldi)

" - bUl1'VI~1tJ (Cervus porcinus)

- bff'l (Muntiacus muntjak) - \ri (th) "

- ~l?11"b~tJ'I'lNn~,)tJ'W6-J"lI'W1(?H~n (Small mammals) - U'lN1"ll11'W 'lJ

- bb~~ (Rhinoceros sondiacus) - U'lN1l?1:::b~tJ'W

" ~~"lIl1'ln1~AnM1vl11,x'VInuJ;i'l~Jl1'1"l bb') ~~116-J1 'W11~ l?1"l1'El'l bb'VI~'Ibunru"'l~ bbvi'ltl b~m:::~ " ~nMru:::Jl~l1J~:::b'VI~~'Itl

'lJ

- thr.J~~lu

U1b1J~'"l'l"l~~ru U1~Ub"ll1

U1b~'I~'I th~Ubb~'I

U1\~

10

• I ...- ~ "\,..1 _~ ..... • 'i' ... ..10' lJ"i:::'JUlm"il"ln1j1 'l.lb"i'el.:l1"4'l.l~Ul'J {U bb'VI~.:I~'IJ"i1{uFlUl'el'l.l

I I "

m~~ n'I~1L 'WL1'fl'l"n'fl'lv{'Wi(Wr"'l1 n LLVI~'l bUn ru~ ~~'Wu'W ~,)'WLVI q)"'l:;Lu'Wn 1nLnsn m ~ " ,

fj L~n :;'lfV{'WtJL-nIhiL'W~,)'W'lJ'fl'ln1~fjL~n:;'lfm:;~ ni (WrYlHl"'ll nLL VI~'l bun ru~~ L~tJ LU'W~,)'WLVI q) " b(;)tJ"'l:;hJnn1~~'l~ltJ~:; L~tJ (;)~1 nun Lv:ltJ'lbb~n1~~:;UL'WLU'fl'l rIl'W~lu'W'lJ'El'li (?]rJ'Jl'W(;)L(;) Lb~:;bU'W

q

" " V{'Wlh:;bJlVlLVl n1~fj L~n:;'lffhu'Wn1~fj L~n :;Vl1'WLU'fl'l rIl'WLv:ltJ'lL~ nU'fltJL "hu'W L'll'W fj L~n:;'lf~1

I iJ iJ iJ

LU'W'lJ'fl'l r;l')V1b(?] L~~~tJ ~tJi'W Vl1'flLL~mn VlhJ'Wl'WbVltJ Vl"'l1 n n1~'V'lUV{'WU1'W~ dJ'WrIl'W V1'lU'fl1"'l"'l:; q ~

d i,I i.I I ~ .?I .e"I,J.. i,I J1 i,I I ~ b'W'fl'l Vl')mltJ'lI'Wn1~~ Vl~'W LVI~I'W'WLu'WL 'V'ltJ'l'6'l,)'W'lJ'fl'l'lJ'flJqJ~ LU'fl'l (?]'WbVl1'W'W

91 nn1~~ mn'V'lU~1 ~'W'V'l'Wfi'UuuVI~'l~ dJ'Wn1~~ n'I~IL 'WL1'fl'l~ L~tJ,) nuV{'Wi(?]rJ~Hl"'lln

n1 ~~ Vl ~'W"'l1 nuVI ~'l bun ru ~ ~ uvI'lVl~'lL 'W U~:; bVl PlLVl u LU'W'lJ 'fl'l'W1 tJ (?] N L"'l 'q(?]1 'I Q~ L1'fl'l

"n1~~n'I~ILL~:;fj~~I:;'lf~'fl'lv{'Wi(?]rJ ru LLVI~'l bU~lru~~ih'WLmJ-ntJ~'l ~~ ~IU~~¥'fltJVl'fl'l ~1 LJl'fl

(?]1 ~~ 9''lVl~ Vl'W~~~')n~" bVltJ~n~(?]tlU~:;~'l ~ L~'flL1XVlnU~'l~ tlI'V'l bL') (;)~'fl~L 'W'fl ~ (?]'lJ'fl'l LbVl~'l q

'" " bU~1 ru~ ~ uvI'lU bL~:;L~'fl9'(;)'rl1 ~~'fl LU'fl'lrIl'WL'Wn1~fj L~~I:;'lfv{'Wi (?]rJ"'l1n uVI~'l bml ru~~

~

I iJ iJ I

~'l~I~'W'V'l'Wth~~u L'W~,)'W'lJ'fl'l LU'flVllHlnm ~'flfiUltJ~'lVl~nn1~Lun1 ~91 LL 'Wn~1 dJ'WV{'W~ I " "

LVlLL~:;LU'W'lJ'fl'li(?]rJU~:;LJlVlLVl H~,)tJ ~'l~'flL~~1nU~:;btJ'JlU~ln l?1'fl n1~~ mnL'W~f'lU bLl?1nhJL~ u'flnB1'WVl

q n~'lJ'fl'li (?]rJVl

q n'lJ~:;LJlVl bVl tJ9:; LU'WU'fl n~fiL 'Wn1~91 uunL'U'V'lI:;V{'W~ bU'WbU1V1~ltJL 'W

nl ~~ n'Etl'lJ 'fl'l m9'tJ ~ 'I n~'flV{ 'W ~ 'V'l U"'l1 nn1 ~'lJ Vl ~'W ~ uVI ~'l bU ~1 ru ~ ~u 1 'WL VI~-n tJ~'l ~ ~ ~ 'I ~ q

I I "

'W'fl n LVlUmlnVl'V'lUL'WVI uvI'lun"'l:;hJn n1m~l,)~'l I I "

"'lIn n1~~ L~~I:;'lfv{'Wi(?]rJ'V'lU~li(?]rJVI 'V'lU VI LLVI~'l bm1 ru~ ~ Lbvl'lm~LLn

- ~,)LLVl'l (Bas cavanicus) - L~'flL yJ (Felis temmincki)

- mltJlh (Bubalus bubalis) - LL~')Vll,) (Felis bengalensis) o

- ~:;'fl'l~:;~'l (Cervus eldi) - VlJqJlh (Sus scrofa)

- ~~'W (Cervus schomburgki) - ~U'lJ (Canidae)q

- Lfl'l (Cervus muntjak) I ~ I iJ

r.J~n 1~~ n'Etl'V'lU~I~Jll'V'l Lb') Vl~'fl~'lJ'fl'l LbVl~'l bun ru~ ~L'W'fl~ (?]Yl Lbvl'lU 'I..l1"'l:; LtI'WVI~~nUI q

" oj('l bb~:;nVl rul~'l~'W r.J~~ nUlh ruru"'l'V'l~~ru Lb~:;'fl1"'l"'l:;iJ'ln1J 1~U LL~'l n~:;"'lltJ r;l,)LU l?1'fl dJ'W1Jl~'W

w ~ w

" b~m nUVl'l'V'l nn L~'W bL~:;'V'lU~I~Jll'V'l LL') Vl~'fl~ LbUUU hJL~ bL(?] nl?11 'I9 1 n~Jll'V'l Lb') (;)~'fl~L'WU"'l 9 u'W .. """

w q

~ 'lJ'fl'lun') ru'W~ln'Wn

n1 ~L~~I'lJ'fl'l-n'fl~~~ n ~,)'WVI~'l"'l:; dj'Wn1~~'WVll"'ll nVl1'l intenet b(;) tJ"'l::; LtI'Wn1~~ n'Etl ~

I "

"'llnUnbu~lru~~imPll~(?]f (archaeoloologist) bL~:;~L~m'Jl1bk!Vl1'l~I'Wi(?]rJL~tJ'l~n~,)tJ'W~

(mammalogist) ~'l"'l:; LU'WUVl ml~~ dj'WJll'Etl~'ln ~'Et LL~:; L'Wb')UL6Jl ~~ dj'W~'fl'l L~m nu

II

I iI I I iI

~'1~l?lf"'~'1J1')t1il?l1'b~tJ'l~nJ1')t1'W~(mammalogy) ~'Vlcl' b"'H-:J1Jnl..lfi~~~ 2539 : 986) ~'1'l.J'1'1~f'l

rl"l :::~11 '1 ~ ri '1 t1"J1!l'lY1'Wi 1?l11'W'llUC91l91'1'11 ~'1 ~!l1~~'1 b'lJ'Wlh:::ltl'llUl91!l0 ~tI

12

.c.I tJ'VI'VI 2

~'l.liUl1

v:l''W~!l~i bu'W'ci'J'WVI~'1"l1!l'l1i'l mEJ~~ mi~~i ~'kJ ~'1'"l d:J ~'J'W"JhEJL 'W:i':;lJ1Jtl!lEJ!liVli:i'hJ ~i'"l:;bU'WL 'W~'WVl1!liIWJ b(;)EJ'"l:;"lI!lmh'J~'1 b(;)EJi'l b"llUL'W~!l'l!l'l ~u:i':;n!lu"lI!l'lv:l''W~i v:l''W"lI!l'l b:i'itX'W

~ ~'J'W[;]i'll"l1!l'lv:l''Wb Vlti'li ~EJ n~i!l:; h us:;U:i':;n!lULU~'JEJ!l:;h

- ~'Jv:l''W (Crown)

(Enamel)

- ~!lv:l''W (Neck) bU'W~'J'W~!ltlHf~'Jv:l''W'C'l'lm ~!l~'J'W~ bU'W:i'!l£.1 [;]!l"ll!l'l Cemento Enamel 'lJ

Junction

- :i'inv:l''W (Root) bU'W~'J'W~'1!ltlL'Wn:i':;(;) n"lIin:i':i'1n:i''lJ'tl'l b:i'i bb'C'l:;Ui'l~'J'W~ bVl1!lm1!l~~!ltl qJ qJ 9 lU

LIPI'l.:l~f1.:l1l1tn'U"lI'el.:lVl'U

- b~~!lUv:l''W (Enamel) bU'W~'J'W~~~~'Jv:l''W!ltlU1'b'J rurnuun n bU'W'C1n'l1ru:;bU'Wb~~!lU , 'lJ

, """"

13

r- ---Enamel

Crown ----i--,- Den tin

1;r.--=:,,.,- Cementum Root

~,::",:-- Nerve and blood supply

d 'VIlJ1: http://scienblogs.com/afarensis/2006/03/14/whay_teeth_can_tell_us_about_h 20

ih

14

buccal bJcc 01

liJ~ 7 dental arcade bbtl:;m~iStmJ1l'wl?h'll'll'el'l'v1''W col 'VI3J1 : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press, 1986 : 11

"' col .il 'iI~ bll 'VI u~~ VI 'IJ1 'VI"lI 'el.:J vr'IJ hj~ 19:; bU'W~'I'll'el'lA'W~1-'el~(911"'elth'l~bnVl ~IU rl'W~~IV1''W~J'el'l bn~ ~iJil'1~ usn !?Il'1rl'W

'lJ

'el'el n'hl ~'Idfi bti'el'l~191 n m~~~l?J.J'W1 m~~ bn (9I91n~rr l?J.J'W1 rn ~'ll'el'l~,J1~ m ~ 1.jf'l1'W~ bb(91 n !?I 1'1rl'W

'el'el nliJ'll'el'lV1' 'Wbb!?l tl :;'JJ'W (91

.'!f "'....'!f ..... - l"l'IJVI'lJ1V1'i1'ell"l'IJ~~ (Incisor)

Vh~,Jl~1 'Wm~~n ~(9I'ell~lJ' b(9ltJ9:;'elt.lu1'b'"J ru 2-3 ~~,Jl'll'el'lV1''W~'dliJ 1'WA'Wbbtl:;~(911" 9:;'lJ

- Yf'IJb;JtI'J (Canine)

Vh~,Jl~1'W-n'dtJu (91 bbtl:;~n m:;'Jlln'ell~I~1 iX'll 1 (9I'el'eln91 n rl'W 9:;bU'WV1''W~~'elt.l 'lJ

5(91 b-ii11iJ 1

15

~ ~

~~l?J-J'W1 m sm ~n'W'tllV11~"lJ'tl'lfi'W 1~~11 ,xV{'Wb~tJ,) 'i'l i?lU'Vlul'Vl'i'l'llu ~'1 ~'1 ~ 'i'l1,x"lJ'W1 i?l"lJ'tl'lV{'Wb~tJ ') , ~

1'Wfi'W"'l ::; i1"lJ 'WIi?l ~1'1 tluYl'l"lu1'W~(?I 1" b"ll'W 1'W~(?I1"U~::;bll'Vl n'WbU'tl"'l ::;'I"lU~I"lJ'W1 i?l1VI 'lJ bb'i'l::;i1 fi,)l~ ~ , ,

u~'1 bbN1'W~,)'W"lJ'tl'lV{'W"llUi?lU ~'1"'l::;i1 ml~~1 ~ryr;]'tl n1~'Ch~ (?I1"bV1'tl bU'W'tllV11nu'W'tl~.h'l~1 n

- Vl''Wn'i':J.J'VI,r''V1~'f)Vl''Wn'i':J.J,r'f)!J (Premolar) I g" I I I

~1V1ihYl1'Wn1~b~tJ,) useui?l'tllV11~ri'tl'WYl"'l::;'i'l'lluYln~::; b'I"l1 ::;mVl1 ~ bU'W"ll i?lV{'WYl'tltJ tli?l b-iil q 'lJ

'V I I I 'V I ,,~o:::j .c:::S ~ % e: .c:::I.c:::S.c:::I 21 .c:::I.

16

", , l'I'elbtJ1'h ~'lI'el mh'J1'W~'el..:J'lI'el..:J.jJ'ell?ln't'l..:J1'Wm~1.jf~mmJ'elVl'"l ~1.jf LLnum sn 'ti1'J~..:J'0l'W1 'WLLl'I

I '" '" I I I I

't'l~~ t~tJ'"l~Hb~tJn1'Wm~~nM1 ~f..:JtJ1'W1l1tJ~~..:J dl~'elVl'"l~Lu'WVl'Vln'l.Jt~tJ~'Jn'W LL't'l~~'el~1 LU'W

.jJ'ell?ln't'l..:Ji'd~'lI'el..:Jm~mL't'l~~!l1'W t~tJ'"l~H~nM~~Lu'W~1n't'l ~..:Jl'I'elhJ~ 'lJ 'lJ

'0l'W~il1~1'el'0l'Wl?1~ '"l~H~nM~rJ'el~1 1, 12 13 LU'W~'W "

'0l 'W L~ tJ'J C LU'W~'W

'0l'Wnn~~ih P, P2 P3 P4 LU'W~'W

'0l'Wnn~ M, M2 M3 LU'W~'W

upper (maxilla)

lower (mandible)

3143

~ ~'el..:J ~ru~htJ 2 ,!'W Lti'el..:J~1'"l1 n~ l?l~~..:Jn'ti1'J~mtJ'll i?1'0l'WLY1tJ..:J ~1'WL~tJ'J ~..:J ti?1tJU n ~'0l'W~..:J'll i?1'l.J'W ~ ~ q q

LL't'l::;"]1 i?1'ti1..:J '"l::; ~'el..:J ~~..:J C9l1'WeiI1mL't'l ::;C9l1'W'lI'J1 ~..:J,r'W~..:J ~'el..:J~1 m ~~ruC9l'JtJ 2 L~'el1 ,xl~~1'W'J'W~, 'lJ

17

il~~ bJWl bb'Cl~~ n'hlru~"lJ~-3Y['W~ l'l1

Y>1'W~ l'lrJlll71 ~ ::::u 5' :::: rn 'Vl/Ol::::i! ~ n 'jjru:::: ~ ll[;l n l7i 1 " rl'W'EJ'EJ n1t.J ~ 1 n ~ 1 8 lti'EJ " "'1 1 n ii n 1 5'

~ ~' (iJ.J'W1 n15'l ~ 'EJ n'l5' ~ 1N ~~ l'l~ lll'ln l?h" rl'W i?l,n!W"l 1 n r1 'd1~ lll'ln !Pi1" l'\H~ 1 cr1 Ji~1 1,xiin1 5'9 1ll u n

:i'U l lUU~ l l l>l n l7i1~~"VI'i'X1 IJ e'El 'EI n ltJ 'WU5'::::Ul'Vl1?l1~~n 'jj ru:::: "JJ 'EJ" 'Iif'W~17l'Jlll71 'i'X :::: t.J 5'::::lJl'Vl i?l" cr "

tribosphenic

Y>1'WU 5' ::::l Jl 'Vl~"'1 :::: lth.J "JJ 'EI ~~Vl rJ~i! m :::: l'J:h Vi'W1 Vl'EJ ~ l-n'W ~"bf.f bl?ltJ1'WY>1 'Wu 5' :::: \,Jl "II d"l\q

l?lU 'W "'1 ::::

t.J5'::::n'elu1t.JJi'd t; IJ 'El l?lY>1 'W VI ~n 3 t:Tll?l A'el protocone paracone \,l'i'X :::: metacone /Ol :::: i!mmti"i'1..l

b(?18 /Ol ::::~IJ n ~ 1 cingulum 'il::::dJ1..l lb'W'dlU l711~ Ji1 'W~'W'JJTl" protocone l(ilrJ ij1'Wb~ n1 ~ ~tJn~ 1 stylar

shelf LlJ 'W ll'W'd 1t.J Vl1~ Jl : 'lH l n~ ~ " "'1::::dJ 'W ~ ~"':'i:l " tJ 'ElVI 'Iif 'Wl ~ n1~'el~1 n 'i'Xn ~ 1 1 'W U1 " fl f,di "i :::: l ~'EJ ~ "", ~

~1J 1 tfl 'd tJmJ

1'W "h 'W'lI'el"Y>1 'WU 5' :::: l Jl 'Vl d ~ (?1fi 1" ~ :::;lu'W ~ q l ll 1.J'~A C5-IJ n~1 trigonid bl?l tJir" In [;lV~1mJ'ell?l

'Iif'\JVl ~n 3 8 Tl tfl ATl paracorud protoconid U'i'X :::: me.acorvd ~'d'W~'el tJ'Vl 1~ ~1 'W (;1 5'~ .jh~ 3 IJ 'eltfl ~ 'II

l1tJn ~ 1 talonid basin ~ ,,~ ::::u5':::;n'elu l'l..1 ~'d 1J 8'E1(ilY>1 'W 3 8'E1(P1 A'el hypocon id hypoconulid ll'i'X::::

entoconid

'J'U~ 8 upper tribosphenic 'lJ 'El" Virginia opossum (Didephis virgin/ana) 'II

d ~ 'Vl~1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 dJ'W1 r1~ 2550

18

li.J~ 9 lower tribosphenic 'lJ 'fl'l Virginia opossurn (Didephis virg in/ana) ~ ~

'V1:I-J1: http:// anlrnaldi versity .urnrnz.edu ; 14 :IJ 'W1fl:IJ 2550

zilarnbdodont

Vh .Ji.J t::;bll Yl n 'll(;l lJ 'W 1l.J~h 'W lJ (;l b~m "l ::;i:J5'1..li 1 'l fl~l tJ l'1'J " V " tJ 'fl (;l ~ 'W ~ 1'\.HU~ ',;'j ~ '"l::;'fl tJ q 'U Go' g, 'lJ

lJ 'W 'i1 t?l 'lJ 'fl'l~ i.J l'1'J " V" ~ 'l b~ 'fl ~ l tJ 'fl !?l y;jl.JbblJ lJ ~ti1 "l ::; ij fl ,) 1 :IJ ~:IJ~'W€nlJ paracone 'lJ 'fl 'l~'.J i.J 5'~ b[j Yl '" .

tribosphenic L~m~iji'Wbfl n 1 bU'WUl.J')1i.J {7l 1 :W ~1l.J bb n:IJ ~tJn~l stylar shelf

l1..l~ 10 zilambd odont 'lJ 'fl'l Hispaniolan selenodon (Selenodon paradoxus) ~ ~

'V1:I-Jl : http:// animaldi versity.ummz.edu ; 14 :lJl.J1A:IJ 2550

19

dalambdodont

Yf'W1 (;jU'W9 ::; iJn1:i'vrw.J 'Wl l1Hl '1 't'l th'l ~9 1 n ectoloph LiJ'WlU " W " 1wih'Wu (;j L~tJ'1 LV~:;~ I I '"

'V I .:::l q .cd I .::I ..:::.. ~

(;j l'W\N l '1 'lJ 'a'l " W " ~~ 'a 'l tJ 'El (;j 'YI b~ tJ ml metacone LL ~ ::::: paracone m~:; :i''El tJ 'Vl Ln (;j9 1 n 2 tJ'El i:>l 'W9 :::::

CftJ n~ l stylar shelf r1'Ell?1rHU'Wl Ul?1'1 " W " b-rl'WL ~tJ'"Jfl'Wb1 tJn ~ 1 protocone l?1'1 mh 'l 'lJ 'El -.l ~lwr~ iJ

Y1 'W~n 1j'ru ::; ~ ~!l ~ 'J CJ (shrew "' 'J vr'WfL'~n U lmL"' ~ ~tJ1'1 nUm.l 'El 'W L L ~::; LL~ ~ '1 ) (Lekagul,

Boonsong and Mcneely A.Jeffrey 1977: 25) bb~ ::;l'.If)l '1m '1 nUbL~~;HW~ l tJ~ l tJ vruf

lU~ 11 dalambdodon't 'lJ!l'l hairy-tailed mole ( l?1'1 ~U ) (Parasc alops brewere) ~ ~

'Vl~ 1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 ~m A~ 2550

"" Iquadrate quadritubercular Wa''e:l euthemorphic I " I

e.J ~ '"l 1 n m ~iHw.JUl n1 ~1u (j.'El 'l ~U i l-.l '1J'El'l~'Wl\.I'Kl11 rfb~ tJ'I \N n ~'1m.l~ Vl l 1~iJ nl n Y1 ~ ~ tJ !l i:>l ~ ~

Yfu v.~n~ 4 ~U~l b1 tJn ~ 1 hypocone 1 'W Yf 'W1 (9l U ULi:>I tJ '"l :;mj ~ nu protocone 1 l.l ~l Uiu ~'1Vll 1 \X

WW1 1111 'lJ'El --1 cK1 UU (il b ~ tJ'1 LU~ tJU L LU ~ '11U LU'W~U ~ b1.-1 ~ tJ ~ ~l11f~ L(;j tJtJ!l i:>I ~m,r'l 4 l h:; neu cK'1 tJ ~ ,

protocone pa racone metacone Lb~:; hypocone 9 :; iJ tJ 't'l i:>l ~Ub~ n 1 b b mn 'El ~ ~ :::::v. ~ 1 --1 tJ 'El (;j ~U

1.-1 ~m1 tJ n ~1 conules ~'W 'llU (;j ~ '"l :;'V'!u ~l nlu~ !?l 1L ~~J'I ~ n cK'J tJ u~ ~ ~ 1 m.h ::::: bJl 'Vl L-n 'W L L ~ A A 'W " "

( Procyonidae )

20

~ tJ~ 12 quadrate 'lI'E1-:l Western European hedg ehog tErineceus europBeus) 4 Q 'Vld-J1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 d-J'W1l"llJ 2550

bunodont ~ ~

~lYl1b~£J-:l~n~'d£Jkld-J~~1 £J')j11(?) b~'W l"lkl ~ d-J ~~ ~~~::; ~~J'l"ll"l'W '"I::;~~1'W 'U(?)~Am'll'El-:lY1"'WdJ'W 'lJ 'lJ 'lJ

L~ kl l~£J 'd nkl n t.l'ElW~'W 4 £J 'EI (?) ~'EI protoco nid metaconid ectoconid bb~ ::; hypoconid ~-:l~V1 11'lX t- I I i 1

~njjon..!::;Y1"'WlUklbbUUtJL;J'tl-:llJ 1'"11 n11~t.I n11'n'W'El1~ 1 J'Vl mn n~~ 1 t.1'l1'E1-:l~(Y)tJil 1'::; Ul'VI tJ

J' tJ~ 13 bunodont 'lI'E1 -:l ~-:l~ :lJLL'Y'l'W; (Pan troglodytes) 'lJ

~ :lJ 1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 n'W1l"llJ 2550

2 1

hypsodont

~n 'lj' ru ~ ,*'J 11..19 ~ rJ tJ 'El (i)Y1 'J~ 'El tJ~'l nrh u'J'JL~~'El run n n~11.h :; L Jl 'Vl ~ 'J Y1''J'lI'El 'l ~Iw:h h :; LJl 'Vl " "

j' 1J ~ 14 hypsodon t 'lI'El'ln'nn .h (Cervus unicototi "

~ Q

'VUJ I : http:// animaldiversit y.ummz.edu ; 14 ~ 'J 1 l'l d-J 2550

brachydont

~n 'lj' fk\::;,*'"l1U9 :; rJtJ'El (i) Y1''J ~ ~ 1 m 'l -D 1 ]'Hll.Jl'WU~ :; bJl 'Vl hypsodont ~'J 'El tJ 1 'l 'lI'El 'l Vl'J

U~::;LJl'Vl ~ A 'El Vl'J'lI'El 'l l'l'J

rU~ 15 brachydo nt 'lI'El'l d-J~ 'lj' tJ ~ Q

'YId-J1 : http :// anirnaldiverslty.urnrnz .edu ; 14 d-J'J1jP)~ 2550

22

lophodont ~~'eJ selenodont

~n 'jj'rw ::; '"l::; Lth.l-K'W'W'W tJ'1'J~'WLhJ n~ 1 lophs l(flm ::;tl tJj' ::; Vi ~ 'l-:J tltl!PlY1 'W 2 re)'W ~..:JYI 'l ~ J1 1 'W 'U 'U

j'1J~ 16 loph odont "lItl~ 1) tapir (Tap irius) 2) chinchilla (Chinchillidae) 'U

3) cloud rat (Phloemys) 4} Vi 'clYlreWlI l 'J (Rat/us ) d d 'VI3-l1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 ~ 'W'lFl~ 2550

~i.J ~ 17 selenodon t "lItl ~ blesbok (Oamaliscus pygargus) LL tl'W~ l't1i.J'1l tJ (1l Vi ti-:J d d 'VIm : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 ~'W1 A~ 2550

23

loxodont

L'Jl\Jl \J hydrochoerus LLt:l ::: otomys

lU~ 18 loxodo nt 'lJ 'El ~ Capybara (Hydrocho erus) LLt:l::: vlei rat (Olomys)

f1~1 : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 n\J11'l ~ 2550

bilophodont 'Vl~'fl bicuspid

1'W~l'lrri"l 'Jn primate 1\J~1 \JU Vl L~m"'l:;;n~mj" ru::: 'lJ 'El ,:j lophs ~in 2 'el\J~Vl'll'J 1 ,:j 'El tJ L'Jl\J "

" 1 \J ~ 'El ~ ~,:jU1\J\J lophs Y1~ 2 1OJ :;; 'El ~~ :;;~~ 1~ protocone nuparacone LLt:l :: hypocone nu metacone

24

~U~ 19 bilophodo nt "1J'Ei~ ~~U1UtJ (Papio) ~ ~

~lJl : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 ~tJ 1AJ.J 2550

carnassial

~lw:hh::;lJl'Vl ntJ b~tl1 tJU'"l'"luu~')tJ1vnl '"l 6:1.;ltJ~~'JJtJl!?11 "I ru bb'i'l::;ih ufl~!P1~ I Ll nu 1u~!?1 q tv Q.o' .....

, ~ , . i.

b~'eJ1t)~ 1"1t'U b~ tl tJ lVCl ::;~ n \11tl~(W) t !?1muh~i')1u'JJtl~VltJ~~~m~ru::;A~ I Ll 1u~!?1u '"l ::;l'fLl n~l~n '" ,

I .c::::S . d

tll:.J1 ~"ItJ~,) 1 secodont ~~'eJ plaqiaulacoio

, " ~ IQ ~ ~!u'Vl 20 carnassial 'JJ '1l~ "IJ.J1'"l~'"ltlmH'Vn (gray wolf)

d ~ 'V1lJ l : http:// animaldiversity.ummz.edu ; 14 J.JtJ1AJ.J 2550

25

m'i41 LL'IJ rnl'i~Lll'VI"ll'el ..:I'vf'IJl~1 V1''W''lI'el-:J '5.IWrbbl?1~ :;U~:; b.nVl~~ m~ru:;bb(;] n 1?11-:J n'W'el'el nhl bti'el-:J'"11 n'5.(;],m';) l'1?J..J'W1 n lnb~:;~

n1~u~ml'"J b~'elb1X bt'flI?1'el m ~~IN~~(;] ~lb,x bn(9lml~VI~1 nVl~ltJ"lI'el-:J"lI'W1 (9l us :;~lb,x~uh-:J"lI'el-:J 'II

V1''WhJ bVlil'fl'Wn'W b'Wn1 ~~1 u'WnU~:;b.nVl"ll'el-:JV1''W~-:J~ ,",'"Jl~ ~1 ~ry bb~ :;~1~1 ~l:1~1 u'Wn"llU(9l"ll'el-:J '5.(;]{

Hl'"11 nV1''W'5.(;]{'"11 n n1n"lUb'WbbVl~-:Jt1J~lru,",~ ~-:J bbir~lb'WU1-:J ,",f-:J bU'Wn1~'I"lUV1''W~ b~m bbl?1V1''W~

,r'W~lb,xVl ~1 U~-:J'5. (;]{"ll U(9l,r'Wl~ ~-:J,r'W m ~~1 u'WnV1''W'5.(;]{Vl1'fl~'"J'W~'W 1 "lI'fl-:J'5.(;]{~'el-:J'ell ~tJ I I I g" I

i.I i.I .cY ~ iI 0 ...~.0::::1 l.c::l Q,;' i.I .:::Y .cY '1 i.I .cY ,",'"Jl~~ml ~~I~I~m'!l'l"lI:;(9l1'Wb'l"l'el bVln1~'"11 bb'WnYi'WVl'l"lU bb(;]~ :;"1l'W'Wbl n (;]'fl-:J bb~::;b"ll'fl bl'el b(9l bb~ :;bl'el

'II 'II

g., I iJ iJ I

1~~1 dJ'WojJ'W(;]'el'Wn1~~I"~I'WVl~1 bu'Wm.h-:J~1 nb'Wn1~~ n~1 ,",f-:J-w ~il'fl bb~:; b'el n ~1~Vl~1 ~ry~lV1fu " " ,

n1~~I-:J~-:J1'Wn1~~n~l,",f-:J-w~ 2 b~~ t(9lm~~bbm~'el~1 "teeth" "lI'fl-:J Simon Hillson tI ,",.~.1986

bb~::; "nl~~ n~lbb~:;';) b,",~I:;~d-'el-:JV1''W'5.(;]{ ru bbVl~-:J tml ru,",~th'WbmJitJ~-:J '"'~ ~IU~~~'fltJVl'fl-:J

~lb.n'elI?l1,",~ 4'-:JVl1'(9l'W,",~~'"J~~fl" "lI'fl..:J (;]Nb'"1 VlI?l1-:Jm t1'1"l.~. 2537 t(9ltJ~I~U'I"l'Wfi'!lUU~~I-:J~-:J q 'II

" " " mr-:J~'fl"ll'fl-:J Simon Hillson ~'el~IV1,r-:J~'elVl-:J 2 b~~~u~:;ttJ"ll'W1'Wn1~~n~l,",f-:J-w"ll'el-:J~~n~lbU'W

'II

mh..:Jmn

b(9ltJ'"1:;"lI'flbbU-:JI?l1~~1~1J"lI'fl-:J'el'Wm~~fjl'W"lI'el-:J'5.(;]{bbU-:JbU'W '5'W~u (Order) '5'W~utj'fltJ q

(Suborder) bb~:;'"J-:J~ (Family) t(9ltJ~I-:J~-:J'"11nVl,r-:J~'el mammals of Thailand "lI'el-:J 'W'I"l.1.Jry~-:J

b~"lI:;~~ (Lekagul , Boonsong and Mcneely A.Jeffrey. 1977 : II) t(9ltJ~n1~~tJ-:J~I~U"lI'fl-:J'5.(;]{ " "

r.11'1"l'"Jn'5.l?l{b~m~n~'"JtJ'W~H~-:J-w 'II

'5'W~U - '5.1?l{b~m~ n ~'"JtJ'W~~n'Wbb~~-:J bU'W'ellV11~ (Insectivora)'II

% .. """ i-' .1 ' - 'Cimb~tJ-:J~n(9l'"JtJ'W~u~:;bflVlU1-:J (Dermoptera) " ,% tr.c::l i.I .:::I.c::I~1

- 'CiI?l'"Jb~tJ-:J~n(;1'"JtJ'W~Vl~un (Chiroptera)

" - '5.1?l{b~tJ-:J~n ~'"JtJ'W~'I.h:;b.nVl~-:J (Primate)

'II

- '5.1?l{b~tJ-:J~ n ~'"JtJ'W~U~:;b.nVl~'"J~'W (Pholidota) "

'II

, - '5.(;]{b~tJ-:J~ n ~'"JtJ'W~U~:; b.nVlV1''WbbVl:;Vl~V1''WVI'WI 2 ~ (Lagomorpha)

'II 'II

- '5.1?l{b~m~ n ~'"JtJ'W~U~:;b.nVl'5.I?l{V1''WbbVl:; (Rodentia)'II

- '5.1?l{b~tJ-:J~n~'"JtJ'Wmh:;b.nVl'"Jl~ (Mysticeti) tr'.:::I " iI' ,"% .:::IQ.cY

- 'Cimb~tJ-:J~n(9l'"JtJ'W~Vln'Wb'W'el (Carnivora) "

'II

,% tr'.:::I i.I .:::1.:::1 - 'Cimb~tJ-:J~n(9l'"JtJ'W~Vl~-:J'"J-:J (Proboscidae)

" 'II

," - '5.1?l{b~tJ-:J~n~'"JtJ'W~Vl'eltib'W'll1 (Sirenia)

'II 'II

" , ,% ff'.:::I !V .:::1.:::1.:::1 "'.f'l .:::I

- 'Ci m b~tJ-:J~ n(9l'"JtJ'W~Vl~ nu bVll bU'Wb~"lI '"' (Perissodactyla) "

'II

, - '5.1?l{b~tJ-:J~ n~'"JtJ'W~Vl~nu bYll~ (Artiodactyla)

'II 'II

26

b~'El~"'l::;!lfiU'HJ~1iIWrbb~~ ::;ih::;bJl'Vl~1iJVI~n1Un1~~1 bbun~n~ru::;"Jm-:lVJU~1 dJu~1c;]

buuVJu1 C;]uUVI~!lVJu1 C;]~1-:l bb~ :::btlu~huajhtJVI~!l ~hU"1I'J1'l1!l-:l1 C;]~u1m.h-:l h tc;]tJ"'l:::'lI!l n~ 1'J'V'l!l i-:l b'llU bti!l-:l"'l1niJ n1~~n~1 b!l1t~bb~'J

n11~1 bb'U mJ1~bl1'Vlvr'U -KU11~'ll!PI'll Primate 'J.:J~~.:J (Family Cercopithecidae)

ilPl'r'J-:l~~"'l:::~n~tJnnu~1*'JtU~1 " ~-:lt~mri1 " (Old world monkeys) ~-:liJ~un1bUc;]

!ltJ1U'Vl~U!lbd-Jln11~ ~m~ru::;*'Jtu'lI!l-:lilPlrf'J-:l~~"'l::;iJVJunnd-J 3 ~ bb~::;"'l::;iJVJunnd-Jw.J1 2 ~ 'IJ

" , , tJ!lc;]VJUVl-:l 4 'lI!l-:lVJum1d-J~tJ-:lr;1'JnU"'lUbnC;]~UbbUU'lI!l-:lVJUVI~tJn~1 bilophodont VJunnd-JVlU1~

I I i/ i.I I ,

VI 3 t~iJ';j'3'l?J.JU1n1~1,xiJ~m~ru::;Vlb~!llPi!ln1~~C;]b~!lU VJUb~tJ'Jbb~::;VJunnd-JVlU1~VI 3 "'l::;iJn1~ , , "

';j'3'l?J.JU1n1~VI~d-J 1n btlU~n~ru::; F1~1tJ1uiJ c;] bv:l!lU~::; ttJ"llu1Un1~nU!l1V11~'lI!l-:li lPlrfu~::; bJl'Vl'W

2 1 23

~U~ 21 Primate dentition 'IJ

...I 'Vl3-l1 : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press, 1986: 37

27

Yf'W nn:l-J Vl 1.Jl 1 ~ ll~ ~Yf'Wml :l-J 1 ~ 'i:t?l m~'i1'l11hhmtJu LVi t.lunml'J 'iHhm~'i:w~ni-:J 'JI 'e) -:J ~ -:J L l~ :l-J

(Maeaea faseicularis) (n~

J ~ 42-42 .3) lL~~ ~-1'J'e)n (MaeBee mufalte) ( n~ J~ 43-4 3.3) "'nn

~~fi.nru"l'l~ Cl1'Wfi 5' j':l-J'll1~';j'Vlm LL1A-:J"I~1'r1~n5'~:l-Jv,1~,1m~tJ Y~ U rJ 1 iJ~m1ru::;~fl-tl1 tJ A ~ ~ nU'y1'W,

"1 1 n~ Yl uluuVl ~-1 'i:un ru fl ~lh'W'i:U-1:l-J:::'Wl'J ~-1vi11t-1rl'il'W-n1-1ml1"'l l l 'i'l ::;i~e l~'Elm l :l-J l l~\J~ 1 L'W

n1 5'Lm tJu LVl tJU H h11 l'e) l &i''J'e) El l -1 h ..1LmtJ ulVltJ unu n ::;'i:Vl 'r1 n'JI'e) -11Yl 5' l :l-J 'Vl 1h ::: l [l 'Vl i 'W~'J tJ ~ 'e)

n:::'i:Vl'i'ln'JI'e) -1 'll::; \l (Hyfobales fer) YlUrJ1 ~n11ru :::9:::LL(;ln (?1'N n'W'El 'e) n'l1Jrl 'e)'W -n l ~ -nt?l L"I'W A 'e)Yf 'W~ l~

"lI n l Vl ti -1'i:un ru fl ~~-1 2 ~ ~'WU'l1 "1 1 'WL'Wd~'e) -1~'WrJl\11 "l ::; lU'WYfunn :l-JVl 1.Jl ll'tl::: Yf 'W n n :l-J 'JI 'El -:J 'lll?i ~ ,

~1 -l lti 'e) ~ "l l ni-l 2 ~n -5n 11ru ::;'JI 'El -l ~'W~ ~I 'WU l?iL~tJ 'J ~iPimJoJil -l n~l -1 n rJ l L~'tl9::; LVl tJunuY1'WVl ~1

LL'~::; Lri'e) t1 1 L'El1hJ Lm tJULVltJunu 191'l'tl th-l9 1 n ~~fiJlrtJ6yf YlurJ l1n ~ bAtJ-l nmJ 'il -l ~ -l 'J 'iln Lti 'e) -l"l1 n

-5n11ru ::: ....~'Wm ~j.J"JJ 'il-l 'll ::; \l L~'e)3-J 'e) -l9 1 n 'Vl l -1 ~I'WU l?i L~m9 ::; YlU rJ ln tJ'e)(/lYf'W L'LJ'W~3-Jl~ n l1J5' ::;3-Jl ru 5 , ... "

~3-J hhlVl 'i'l :l-J bl j;jYf'W Vl l ~91 n n15''l!(/l~U1rU -5n11ru::;9::;lU'WntJ 'ilr1Yl-lVl 3-J (/l 4 tJ'ill?i LL'tl:::A'El'W oifl -lLLVl 'tl3-J

rl'il'Woifl -l~ "I::;~U tJulrl1rJ1 lU'WYf'W'l! 'e) -l~-1 'J'iln 3-J 1n nrJ1

l1J ~ 22 191')'e)th~n::;'i:w"m~~lb~3-J (Maea ee fasc iculari) "I ln ~ ~D.nru "'/l~ rn 'W fi5'5'3-J 'll 1 r.l~ 'Vl t.J1ll1A-l

"l,~1'i'l~mru3-J Vll':J 'Vlm -5tJ (Lateral view )

28

nJ~ 22.1 (Lateral view) -u

nJ~ 22.2 (Basilar view) ...

29

j'iJ ~ 22.3 (Coronal v iew)"

j' iJ~ 23 n ::: b~ 'Cln ~ ~') 1ln (Macaca mulatla) '"l ln~Y; D .nbWsVl~bI1'W fi j' j' ~ 'il l &i ~ 'Vl tJ1 L L'tA ~ '"l Yl l 'Cl ~nj'bW" , ~ Wl1 'Vl tJ1 ~t1 (Late ral v iew)

30

:i'tJ~ 23.1 (Lateral view) "

:i'tJ ~ 23.2 (Basilar view) "

31

~U~ 23.3 (Corona l view) "

( lW'1n 'l n1 ~ .-r(.9j "lJ U'l (?l "lJ 'el ·:m :; 'lVi " 'ln ~ ":VJ'eJn (Maeaea mulatta) bb'tl :;~ 'l bb 'Cl~ (MaeBea faseieulari )

VH\~5nrw6flllrntJ5~~~"lllm~'YItn Lbvi'l'-ly:rl "Nnnwj.m l~ 'YIm~t1 : fl'lfle..!U':ln fl , Vi~ 'l 134),

n1'a-oll mJ nYf'U-Kln1~'U ~'Uiln1.w'UJbY1;::(RQdentiq_l d' ,

1~l'1b:lJ'U (Family Hystricidae)

~ 'U 'lI 'EJ ,mJ 1,l "1 ~iJ ~li1i~ '1Jt (?l tJ ,*') hJ c;)'l ~ 1 0 1 3 x 2 "

1 0 1 3

~ t.J ~ 24 Hyslricidae dentition

~:lJl : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London , Cambridge University Press ,1986 : 74

~(?ltJ~')'t t.J~'1J"lI'EJ'l~1i1 1t.J ~ ::: ln'Yl~ nn~ l l~ ~~'1J9 ::;iJ A'Jl~ LL ~'llLN LthJ 'EJ th 'l ~ 1 n lti'EJ 'l9 1 n

~m1ru~ 'lJ 'EJ 'l n~tJ n1 in'U 1(?l'lJ-eJ'l~'1J n ',j'I ~9 ::; b1tJ n n'W~1 ~'W L L'U 'U Hypsodont 1'WY1 'W1 tJ) 'U 'W Lrl-eJ~'EJ'l

9 1 n 'Yl l 'l Jfl'Wlln~9 ~Y'l'U~19::;iJ ~n'l1 ru ~ 'lJ -eJ 'l i 'eltJ~'U 3 ',j''el tJ Ll ~::;1 'W Jf l 'U i 'W 9::; ~h'EJ tJ 0''U i'elm ~ tJ')

L l~ ::;~n11ru::;Vilvn ::;'lJ'el'l~'Ul~ 'W11~'el ~n'l1 ru~"lI'el 'llA~'el'U~'W~ l1t..Jn~1 Islands (LU'W rh 'W '!i'El 'l '" I I i-' I I JJ

li1'ell~ 'el Yl iJ ~n'l1ru ::;LLlnn liil'l'el'el n'ttJ91 n Li1'el l~ 'el Yl 'eltiL (?l tJ ',j' 'el 'U ) 1t lJfl 'W'U tJ) LAm Ll~ ::;9 1 n rn i "ll tJ) A'Wb'W" , '" '" I I

At''l i11Jf'Vi'U~'W"lI'el'lLJJ'W ~1 1,l'J\..l1 ~ ll~::;tlI9::;LU \..l ~\..lt.J',j' ::; LJl 'Yl Hypsodo nt ,r\..l Ltl 'l b'W~'W\l(?l ~I 'l

33

o • I .'!t' Y" OJ OJ... .¥n1'l~1 bb'U nl.l'l~bll'V1-n'U"l.I'el.:J~ lPl'J'el'UlPltJn'Ub'U'el (Carnivora)

" OJ'J.:JPI'61'U"l.I (Family Canidae)

- ~,r"l.l (Canis sp.)•

~ ,11'lIbrh.liWJU~:; bll VI n 'W b~'tl~'1i1?l1U~:; in VI ~'"l:;~ u~ 11'W bi'tl'l 'lI 'eJ'I ~ 1 'W,) 'WYf 'W '"l:;ii

, ~ .. 1 % ... I '" "%"0 '" mVI1~ OJl'l'"l:;~U 'W';Nmu~:;bllVl'W tlnb')'W ';NI?l')'"l1~')nVl~ (Ursus)

~m~ru:;'lI'tl'ln1~';j~(?J.J'W1n1~~1J~1Yf'Wn~1~Vlih~~ 4 bbtl:;Yf'Wnn~ti1'1~~ 11~b1n~(?J.J'W1 "

(carnassial) '"l:;ii ~n11ru:;~~1 uVlkI'I'lI'tl'l ~ ,)'W~H'I1'W1 'W m ~~ n bbtl:;b~'tl'Wb ~'tl '"l:;'tltJI?lN~h~ rl'W "

bil'tl'l'"l1 n n1~';j~(?J.J'W1 n1n')tl1~i1?l1"llilr;J~~nm:;"ll1 n btl'tl Yf'W"llilr;JUl'W~'1"ll,r;JU'Wbbtl:;~1'1'"l :;bn r;Jn1~ I I iJ 'iI '" g.,

'lIUrl'W b~'tl~'"l:;~nb~'tl'tl'tln~1bU'W~'Wl1~

Yfw·nf'l!~ b~tltl ~1~1~mbtl'l'tl'tl n1~bU'W

Yfw·nf11~b~tltl "llr;JU'W ~'tl Yf'Wm1~VlU1~~ 4 'JJ'tl'l"llr;JU'W, ,

U'Wbbtl:;"ll, r;J~ 1'1)

Yf'Wm1~~~'W1'"l:;bU'WbbUU~ ~tln~1 Yf'WbbUU bunodont Yf'W~ii~n11ru:;n~1'1bbtl:;tJ1')

br;Jtl'"l:;ii b'~'WeJ1 fill'WtJntl1'1~1n n~l 5 ntl~h~ I?l~ ii~1nYf'W~ii m1~oB'uojj'tl'W br;Jtl~n'"l:;bu'WYf'W~~'tltJ " "

I I 11 '" I

U1'b') rum:;~'1, bbn~ ~'1'"l:;iiVlu1~'Jl,)tl1 'Wn1~U r;J bRm btl'tl~ii m1~ bVI~tl') (hard tissue)

~ d 3 1 4 2 x 2 ~'1V1~r;J 40-42 0Jl

3 1 4 2-3

* * 'VI aJ1 !.Ib'VI [;1** '"l'l n ~ I?l ~Yf 'W oj]1'1~ 'W1'W~ ')wn 'tl'lYf 'W n ~1 ~ ~ 1'1'"l:; vti 'W~ 1 ii Yf'W 2-3 ~ 'I!'W. " ,~

I I I 'iI

btl'tl'liGl1n1'Wu1'1~1tl~'WfiiGl:;ii 2 ~ bbtl::;1'Wu1'1~1tl~'Wfi b'll'W VI~11'WiGl:;ii 3 ~ bbtl::;VI~1f.ii'liGl'tlniGl:;ii, , ,

'tltJ 2 ~ "

34

nJ~ 25 Canis sp. dentition 'U

.d 'Vlm : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press .1986 : 41

Y('W'VlUl

~'W~~1Cil'tl 'H{lnt)tJ~:;:WlYl~~n1jru:;:"'l :;:A~ltJnutJ~ltJ'j,\'tlnl'~n1 iJtJ'tll?l~'W'tl~ 2 tJ'e:l('l Ll'l tJ

tJ'e:l('l~'W~~1 n ~ 1"'l:;'fltJVI1~li11'W distal ~ ..j~1~1~(lH1'W n1 ~ r.)1 \b 'W noDlmb~ :;:'lJ(nlli1 bl'ltJi~ 3 ; 'lJ

• •

35

VItH~m

r.J0'~1 tJ1!!ilUtJll~ :;~1~ imj'ru :;9 :; ll\ i1 'el tJ l~tJ 'J 'lI 'el ~~IWITliltJ~'J 1tl ~'el ~n11ru~9:;V1if1tHlu

nJ''Jtltl'C11mll\~~ l(?ltl9:;l~~b-n1l\1Y11~J(1tJdistal lZl~'el0'~1tJ"]jlilUtJll'C1:;"]j!il~1~ l ~'El~91nltJYftJ, ,

"]jU(?l~0'~"]jlilUtJll~:;"]jlil~1~ iiin11ru:;~lnif~AmntJ~1n~~'l'111,xmnt?11ln1 ~r.l1 ll tJn~1 djtJYftJl~tI'J, ,

VIun'n:J.J 'i.n!1

YftJn ~1~l\,r1"]jl1lUtJ ~~ 1 '"l~ilinti'ru:;~t?11~1l'eln1tlr,nn~~tJl"l1ltJ-n1~-n11l ~'"ltJ lliltl"l:;iltJ'Ellil. , ... , (?'hn~1"l :;'EltjYl1~J(1tJ Distal lliltJt~htJ~tJ"l:;r.JnJh~ l~1 ~~ Zl1~1 J'(1~'JtJ1 tJn1~r.l1 ll tJnJ(1tJeTI1ml~:;

~ ~

"lJ'J1ll ~:;l(?ltJ~'JtJ~1n ~~ 3 "l:;r.J'lJtJ1(?lhnJ n~1~~ 2I"l m

36

YftJnn~'vn:rllli?l~l~ ~miru::;"l ::; 1M~\~tJ~ ntJ L (?) tJ~~ 1 "l::;ll l?1 n ~h ~ 'e) 'E:JnhJ A'e)'"l::;~hJ'e)i?I

lm 'GuJ '1i\Jl~tJ'Jll~ :::U ~ltJ~ fl'e)tJ1U'Yll~ l~h tJ distal 0':1 ,Jd ... ~ .. .. 0':1 '" e:. J' I" , " ,-ntJ'1I'Yl 2 ll'Cl::; 3 '"l::;rl'Cll tJn tJf1'e) '"l:::~tJtli?l-ntJl ~ n 1 l~ ~ '])'Wm ~(?)tJ '"i ::; '1l ~ 'Yll~i?ll 'W distal M'1l

'"l '": n tJ'e)(?)YftJ1~ru l(?)tJ'Yll~JhtJ distal ~'e)ti~i?lntJ~ltJ~tJ '"l::;~~niiru::;'])'e)~'])'e)u ~ tJtJ~tJ~l l ~n ~'e)tJ ~ ~ ~

~ ..:: n1 ~9'mtJn~1 'WoDlml'Cl::;,])'"Jl,rtJ n'"l ::;'el1~tJn1~-K~lnM '"il n &l~~ n~1'J~1 'V ~.J s- IV dd I I Q ~ X ~

YftJnn~ "., tJ l "1l 'Yl 4 '"i::;fl~ltJnu 2 "1l'Yle.lltJ~l llm ::; ~ tJ 'e) (?) Yf tJ l~ ~ ']) tJ ~ l 'e) n 1 tJtl i?l d J'W 'i-' ~ I I

'11~ ~~ i?I 3 tJ'e) (?) l(?)tJ u '1l i?lYftJ'11~ 3 li?l t1 tJ'tii?lYftJll~ n '"l :::1~ bk!Vl ~ i?l ll'Cl ::;']) tJ1 (?) '"l ::; l~ n'Cl ~ 11..1 lS- '1l tJ1

m~~l~u1.U'Yll~~ltJ distal A'1ltJ'ti(?)YftJ~ 3 '"l:::I~n~'$li?lU~::;'titJ'Yll~Jl1'W distal l'$l~'ti ll'Cl::;'Yl1~!~htJ, ~ 1 s- I ~ I

distal Vl'titJ~ (?)n'W~1tJ~tJ '"l::;~ ~niiru::;'])tl~,])'1lUVltJtJ~ t.mll~ ntJ'1ltJ ~~'$l1~ 1 ~ b1 H'1 'Wn1~91lltJn ~ ~

VI'W n 'a1 aJ " "

1'WYf'W'llU(?)-W'll (?)UtJll~:::'ll (?)'rh ~'"l ::;~U f1'"J1 ~ uem (;\1~ 1tJl~'1l~,])'1l~ ~ U i1~'1l tJl~ii?ll '"i'W ~~~ 1 tJ , " ~ , ''' lJ I

I 0 ~ ~ ~(I,.' I ~ ~ ~ 2.F .::::lI Q lV .0::;:(

[;]'1l m ~'"l1ll un ~ Ci1 t.l~1tJ nn~'ll i?lutJ'"l::;~'Cl niiru::;li?l'W'Yl ~ 'W e.I ':l i?l 1 uu i?llfltJ':l '"l ::; ~ ~ ::; i?l U fl ':l l ~'$l~'Yl" ~

, , " '"l::;~'])tJ1i?11mun~1 "htJ1'Wu1b':lruVl[;hn~1 'Ol::;'1ltJ 'Yl l ~~ltJ~'WI'$l~'1l L (i) tJ !Ol::;~tJ'1li?lv:1tJ 1 dJ tJ

~ ~

" , flifltJ ntJ'11~ 2 ~

37

~'W~'el'elnHlbiJ'W 2 ~'J'W ~'el Trigonid 9::biJ'W~'J'W~1~'1!n~1 bb'C'l::'el~ri'el'WhJvl1'lJh'W mesial ~t1'el~

Yr'W 3 t1'el~ ~n~'J'W~~'l9::b1t1n~1 Talonid 9::~t1'el~Yr'W~11'el~ 2 t1'el~ (1'Wm.J11'W9::~'el~t1'el~ , " ,

Q I 9.J ~ 9.J 9.J =I 1.cY.c:lI IV 9.J

38

0.1 cv cv Y ...cI........ "~I .cI n1'i~1 uU nuseLIl'VI"lJ'el.:J'elU WI'l.h'i Ul'J'VI:I-l nuL'VI1L"UUL~"lJ Fl (Perissodactyla)

.. 'J.:JPlLL'iWl (Family Rhinocerotidae )

V{'W'lJ'e)'l~tWrbb~~IOJ::;~~{9]~V{'Wt~m~''d11J~'l~ 0-2 0 3-4 3 x 2 1.h::;mru 24-36 ~

0-1 0-1 3-4 3

**'VI:I-l1!1L'VIUl** 1011 n~ (9]~V{'W~'ln~1'd~d-J1EJA'd1d-J~1 V{'WWW1'lli?'l1J'W'e)11OJ1OJ::;m~~'l bb~ 1dJ~ • 'lJ q

, , .b~m'W~'l 2 ~ ~'d'WV{'WWW1'll i?'I~1'l ~'e)'e)11OJ1OJ::;1dJ~ b~EJ~1'e)~ b'i~EJ'l 1 ~ V{'Wb~EJ'dIOJ::;1dJ~1'Wv{'W'll ~U'W

q q

~'d'W1 'W'll i?'I~1'l'e)11OJ1OJ::;1dJ~ b~EJ~1'e)'e)11OJ1OJ::;~ bYlEJ'l 1 ~ bb~::;V{'Wm1d-JWlh~''l'll i?'IU'Wbb~::;'ll i?'I~1'l'!'Wfi~'e) q q q

d ll.J'Vl 29 Rhinoceros dentition

.cI 'VI:1-l1 : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press, 1986 : 87

~m~ru::;ti?'lEJi'd11.J'lJ'e)'lV{'W~lYlrJl.J~::;b!l'Vl~ V{'W~i11U'W ~~ 1 bb~::;V{'W~i11~1'l~~ 2 IOJ::;~

~n'jj"ru::;~1~nJ A~1EJ'Vl N m::;U'e)nl.J~1mm~d-J 1'W~'d'W'lJ'e)'l'll ~V{'Wm1 d-J,!'W 101::; ~EJ'll?1'd btl'Wbb'W'd t~'l ~ q

A~'e)U A~d-J bii'e)ui'J~'l nnd-J'lJ'e)'l~lYlrJ V{'Wnnd-J'll i?'IU'WU1b'd ru~1'WU ~ b~EJ'dIOJ::;btl'W~l.J~ m~EJd-J t~EJ q q 'lJ

39

~ ~, ~1'kl{j~n1ltJl\lVl\l\l n~1l rJltl~l\llU'kllif'J " E " ll'i'l:;tllf.11l\l'"l1nVll\l ~1'kl~'klVl11l~1'klllnf.l~n~ru:;'"l:;

~

~~ltJ n'lJtJ1l ~ l '111t~tJ'"l:;'i;'n ~'i'l\l1tlYl\l ~1'klVlih ll'i'l:;~I'klVl~\l

lophs b~tJn~1 metalophid ll'i'l:; hypolophid ~n~ru:;t~N'6'lh\l~~ltJ~lVl~tJf.I~'kl~11JJ'i'lI~l~tJ\l ~ ~ ,

lVl~1l'kln'lJb'kl'llq ~'lJ'kl ~n~ru:;'1I1l\l m~'1Ii1'lJ'1I1l\l mlf.1burnru ~ l;ii1tJ'J1l1V11~,r'kl '"l:;l~~1l'kl1tlVll\l ~1'kl

40

n1'i~1bb'l.lm..l'i~b.n'V1erf'l.l-K(;l.J~'l.I~'U i(;l.Jn'UFi.. (Artiodactyla) cv cv •

'e:I'l.I~'U!.I'e:I!.I Suiforms "

b'Wi[;l1'fi\'!~U':J-:Jr-ltJ'fltJ'n "ll,(?]V{'Wnn~'tn'1lbb~::;V{'Wnn~ ~m~ru::;'"l::;bn'flU rl~htJ rlU~ m~tru::; .: ,..t G'"' .: ~ I IVI I 0::9

uuu bunodont V{'Wb'lltJ'J'"l:::'lItJ1tJbVl'1j'll'W bb[;li[;l':J1.h::;bJl'V1'W'"l::; b~~::;Uu"Jl':JtJtJ'fltJ'flIVllnVl~'fl'WmJ G'"' ~ .:t oC::lI I .c9 G'"'dA IV i,I

b'WimbrltJ'Jb'fl'fl-:J ~'fl~ 3 ':J-:Jr-lrl'fl ':J-:Jr-lVl~ (Family Suidae) , peccary (i[;l':J'V1~~n~ru::;rl~ltJVI~

°V\fUb'W'V1~1.J'flb~1'm) (Family Tayassuidae) bb~::; ii1.Jb1.Jb1.Jb[;l~~ (Family Hipopotemidae)

1.:1P1'Vl3J.. (Family Suidae) 'Vl3J.. (Sus scrota)

" ", V{'W'lI'fl-:JVI~'"l ::;iJ~ [;l~'lI'fl-:JV{'Wb(9ltJV\':J11.J ~-:Jtl

OJ OJ 3143 x2

,

4 1

Yr'W 'VI tTl ~n~ru ~'lJil~ Yl' 'W 'Jlil(;le 1'W'Jl (;lU'W U ~ ~ ~h ~ IOJ~l ~ 'W 1~n~ ~'J1J.J uan ~1~ l 'W L1il 'l 'lJ il~:i'uh 'l ~ , "

oD(;lllOJ'W ~ ill'W1 (;lU'W~n~ru:::IOJ :::~~ltJ nulun C;)~il1 n~n~ru :::lfl'l ll~ :::i'W n~ 11 (;l ~ I 'l '6'i 'J'Wl 'W1 (9l ~ I 'l

~n~ru ::: IOJ ::: I"l ~l tJ nU 'Yl N nJ ::;u il n '6'i'J'WtJ il(;l"l::; I"l 'C\'l tJ nu~ 'J

n1 :i'~lll'Wn~ 'W 'Jl(9lu'W ~ ~ 1 ll~::: 2 IOJ::;iJ~n~ru :::~'C\'ltJ nu l U n(;l U ~ l tJ l'\ tl 'W -ifl 'l l lVi ~ J.J ll~ :::,

~ I I ~ ~

'1/if'el~I'W'lJ'J1U'W 1~~'lln~vhJ~ltJ'lJil'lYI'W ilth'lVln~I'JJ.Jlll'C\''J~1 "l :::~hJ'Yll~~I'W rnesra ~m ::;~

hJ'Yl l~ Jll 'W (fl d'l -ii l J.J ~'l~'W ~IU t1 1 tJ~1u'Yll~~I'W.nltJ rllOJ :::lU'WYI'W'Jl,(;lu'WJli'J'lJ 'J1 lU'W [;]U '6'i'JU~ ~ 3

nl:i'r.illl'WnYIu1(;l~I~ 1 'W~ ~ 1 ll~::: 2 ~ntl rw ::: l lPl tJ ~'J hh :::I"l 'C\' l tJnU J.J l n IOJ ::: ~ I 'l n'IJ ~

~n tlru :::'lJtl~U~ltJ~ ~~ 1 "l:::n llU'JrlIlPllU U l l'W'Jl'\'fl'W-iil~(fld\l llc;i~~ 2 "l :::~I t1 'lhJ'Yll\ll~hu distal

, , cjcj

'lJ'fl \l1.-1~ ( 1.-1 J.J lm~'lJ 1 "TI'Yl , ,

"'''' 1 1.-1J.Jlm~'lJ 2 "JI 'Yl 2)

-ii'fl~'lln~~1 ~ll r>'Jlu rlI'J ~l~l &hJ,YtJ ll~'J'Wl1OJ :::Yi Un1d~ n'lJ'el'l y1 'l-l ~ ~1 'W UlPl l~tJ'J n~ 'l 1~ ~lm:i'b11~1:ie1'Wn1:i'r.illl'Wn 1A' lti'fl'llOJlnl(;lm~'J 1un1:i'~ n'lJ'fl\lYI'IJ"l:::tiJ.J"lln~tJ'fl(;lYIuri 'fl U

nl :i'''l:::r.j IIIun~l l U'\JI~II'W.nltJ'v111)"1J'JI'lJ'fl'lYI'W"lllPl ~I'l~U 1)1~tJ n1 :i'lPl"ll n:i' l n ~'IJ'lJ'el'ly1'W , " a... I

42

YrUb~~'d '"

yh,j 'll U C?i ~ "'l :; iJ 'lI Ul C'l1~ nl bb~ :;bA..:j tl tl n~ I 'h1 'El n -n 'El -:J UI n bC?i tlb'hi'll C?i i.J 'l,J~ ::; iJ~ Ul ~C?i bU 'U ~U ~ ' "

'tn m~~t1 ~ 1'hI ~'hI'll C'l '6'i l -:J ~m~b1.l :; b C?i tl ,*'J l u "'l ::; 1Pl~1 t1 n'U'"l ::; (?h':lfl'hl~ ~Ul ~C'I ~'El ~U "lJ 'El ..:j ~~I~C?i '"l ::; , "

, '" nJYi 32 )'Ubb~ (?J ..:j ~I'h1WW1~(?J \~'hIb~ tI'J 'll C?i'l.J'U- '6'iI " 'lJ 'El ..:j ~~ '\1 \I q \1

-p

-W'tW';l'U-J'\-nJ1

~nM Chj:::; "J) 'eW ll (;l'lJ'WLL'Cl:::; ']1 (;l'th 'l 9 :::;ij A,)1~ L L ~ n 11l1 'l ntJ'fl ~.h 'l L~ 'Wl ~i(;l ~n M blJ:::;"lJ 'eWi1'tJ']1 (;l, , , "" I it I I

'lJ'W9 :::;ijY1 'WYl"lJ 'fl 'l ~1 'W'lJ (;l~ ~ m~1 n n ~ 11'W~'W1 (;l~1 ~ Yl ij A~1LJ 1'lJ ij (;lv]'fl1 (o) 'fl bl1 ~ 'fl ~ 9 1 nvl1 ~ ~1 'W

mesial ",fSl'fl distal 9:::;~'fl 'lJ~'WhJ'Yl 1 'l ~1 'W'lJ(;lL~t1(HtI'W~nMChj:::;U'Cl1mm'Cl~

i.I I I I l.- ' I

lU 'Yl 1 'l ~1'W~ 'W L ~~ :::;9 :::;n LJ 'fl (;l ~'W 2 t1 'fl (;l 'fl tl 'Yl 1'l ~1tmn~ ~'l1'W~Yl 1 tOj :::;h Jn 1'fl'l LL'lJ'lJ'W t (;l tl~ Yl 4 9:::;n " , I I I 'l.' l 11

"J'u h 'lYl fi 'fl'W-n1 'l 11l 1 'l'fl 'fl n lu'fl tl 1 'l -D(;lL9 'W A 'fl 9 :::; ij 1 'fl 'l Yl ~ n n ~ 1 ~ 1l 'W LL'Cl:::;9:::; Y1 'W Yl ~1'W 'lJ (;l L~m 1'twJ ~ n ~ 1~~'W ~~ 3 LL'Cl:::; 2 5nMChj:::;"'1:::;1n~~A LJ 'l n'W "'1:::;11l1'lrl'W ~ "lJ 'W1(;l'))'fl'l~ 'W L l91 LJ 'Yl1 'l ~ 1 'W mesial ~(;l

n'lJ'I'I1 'l ~1'W~'W9:::; n tl 'fl 191 ~ 11 'fl ~ ~~ ~ 1 l-J 1 m1'n+ w 1urnJ'~ 1 LL'Wn ~1'WeJf 1 tJ LL'Cl :::;'))'11

~')'W 1 tJ1(;lfl 1 'l 9 :::; iJ 5nM ru :::; ~ A ~1 tJ n'W~~ C7l ~~ 3 ~ ~nMru :::; A~1 t1 n'lJ1'lJ n (;l ~ 'fl 1 bC7lmn'fl " I I

~'fl 'l 9 1 nYll'l ~1 'W LL n l..m 1 'fl ~1 'W~ Wil :::; ij~n M ru :::; A ~1 LJ rl'lJ ~ 'l ~{) Vi ij 3 LJ 'fl (;l ~ ') 'WL VlbI.! '"l1 n Yl , "

Vi1 n1 J'A nM1 9:::;'E)1 ~t1 91 n n1J'111Ltl 1 ~1 ~llitl'lJl, YlLJ'lJrl'lJ m1~fl1'lVi'Y'l'lJA tl 'W -tr1'l~~'lJJ'ru~'l 2 .jJ1'l '"

44

VJ''Wnil~

~'Wnn:lJ~~U'WI.VCl:;~ 1~ ~nliru:;l!?ltli'JltJ~:;Fl~ltJl1'W:lJln 1'W~'W n n:lJ'll lilU'W~ ~iJ 5'tlil~~ , '" n.:)l~ bbtl~bll:lJ'el~~ 1 n"vll~Jll'W mesial ~1'el distal ~ ~'ViU~I~ ::;ri'eltll'i;':1'elU~'W 1tlYl1~ Jll 'WU (PI b~t1 'J

Fl~It1'i;':11:lJb~~t1:lJfl1~~:lJ l'W"lIru~~'lllil~l ~b~'f):lJ'tN~lnYl1~Jll'W mesial ~1'el distal ~::::hj 'i;':l'f) U ~'W'" ,

~'Wnn:lJ~~ 3 1'W1lilU'Wbbtl::;~1~ ~::;bblYln~l~n'W'elt.h~i(PlL"1'W 0l'el 1'W1!?l~I~~::;~1:lJ1nl

'5~bnI1l1Jltjl ~::;iJ~n'tl'bkl::;~~I:lJlnllbu~lJldJ'W 3 11I'el'W ~~1'W1(P1U'W"1::::~I:lJ1nmU~Ui\~tJ~ 2 11I'f)'W

Lb'i'l::::l'W'D l?1~I~~::;iJtI'El (Pl~1J'Elt.J7t1'Ell?1 bbtl::::'il lilU'W~::;iJ5t1'ellil , '" '

45

m :i'~1ll 'Wn~1ltl'W~1'W.jf1t1'I,f~'fl"ll':l1 ~1~1 rn (9l1~"'l1n 1'fl'l~'flth:::~~1'1t1'fl (9lV{'W "'l:::YnJ~1 'lJ 'lJ

, .. 1'fl'l ~1'WYl'fltJ~ (9l ~1'W~'W"'l:::~ n ll~:::-n(9ll"'l'Wn~1 ~1'Wlln~ ll~:::"'l:::~ n'ti ~"lI'fl'ltl'fl (9lV{'Wl~ n :i'':l~ n'W'fltJ

'lJ q 'lJ

'Vl1'1~1'W distal l~~'fl

46

n1~~1 bb'Ll n1J~~ b.n'Vl\~"'.l"llil..:l-l1Pl1i'Ll (;),J nu ~ .. (Artiodactyla) ........ , y"''¥ .¥

i1'LlUiUtlilti ~lPItnFltl'Jbilil..:l (Ruminantia)

'J..:IPln';I1..:1 (Gervidae.)

- n'J1..:1 (Gervus sp.)

b'W~ eiOl :;"lI'el'elfliJ'HJbl?ltllll~ J''J~"lI'el'liIWJUJ':; irmrn1'1 bti'el'liOll nbl?ltl ~h 'Wb~ rY r?l'J'elth'l~ ~iJiOl:;bij'W~l~'J nn'Jl'11Jl ~'J'Wbn'l (Muntiacus muntjak) iOl:;"lI'el'elfliJlt1bb'VlJ'm·jh1ub'W"llUl?l"ll'el'l~'W

~~iJb 'WUJ':;bll'Vlt!'W1 unu

bl?ltli'J1uiIWJ1JJ':;bll'Vln'Jl'1iOl:;n~I?lJ"n'el'l~'Wbl?ltli'J11J~'1e 0 0 ~ x 2 ~'1~~l?l 32 ~ 'lJ

31 33

Cervus 66-8emm

CerVU5 o 10 to 30 40 eo IM'l I I I I I I

• upper

• lower

J'U~ 37 Gervus sp. dentition 'lJ

\ihn : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press, 1986: 96

~'J'WJ'lt1'i'l:;breltll?l"ll'el'l~'Wb~tI'J

lOll n ~ I?l J'~'1 n~1 'JiOl:; b~'W~l~'Wml~iJ'eltiiOl :;n'eltl 3 ~ bbr?h~"'1eiOl:; FI~l t1niJb'W"lI'el'l r)'Jbb'i'l:;'lJ 'lJ

47

~ ,

'"l ::;'\f'jU l'tl.'\f'j1::;1'WY1''W"llq (91tl1-.:llVh'W'W ~n~ru::;b(91tJi1'J hh ::;'"l~1tJ nu1'W~l'lt)u~::; lJl'Vl1''J-'"l'J1tJ

~

'"l~1tJ'VlNm::;U'fln l'l~-.:lll~::;U~1tJ3-J'W ~'J'W1'W~l'lt)U~::;lJl'VlU~1nY1''W~'fl'W.jj'1-.:l'"l::;~'flU lojhvl1U~1tJ ~'fl

1J~1tJ'"l ::;~'fl'W.jj'1-.:llli~~:hlll~ ::;b~-.:ll'lNU~1t.ll~ nU'fltJ

n1~~1ll'Wn~1'Wen1ml~::;'lJ'J1 '"l~1tJnu1'W'lJ'fl-.:l1''J-'"l'J1tJ ~'fl U~1tJ~1'W distal '"l::;ll~~3-J l~'fl

Vf'l.lb~~'J

~n~ru::;'"l::; '"l ~1tJ n uY1''W'lJ'fl-.:l ~1?lt)'J-.:l fP1"1''J-'"l'J1tJ b(91tJ'"l ::;I'h-.:l n'W1'WL~''fl-.:l 'lJ'fl-.:l ~Uh-.:lll~ ::;'lJ'W1 (91'lJ

~

b(91tJ'1J'fl-.:l ~I?lt)U~::; in 'VlU'"l::; ~'fl'W.jj' 1-.:l tJ'l'J ll~ ::;ll'"lU n~1Y1' 'W'1J'fl-.:l1''J -'"l'J1tJ 1'W~ 'J'W '1J'fl-.:l dl-.:l '"l ::;'\f'jU~1Y1''W ~ ,

"llU(91u'"l::;'\f'ju1'WY1''W"ll (91u'W~'JtJ b(91tJ'"l::;iJ~n~ru::;Vlb~-.:lll~::;ll~~3-J ll~::;'1J'W1 (91 ~'fl'W.jj'1-.:l1 wnl 1ml'J ~ q '" 'lJ

ll~::;1'Wl'l'J l~tJ '"l ::;~'1J'W1 (91~ l~ nn~1m n ~-.:l'"l1 nn1~'1J q

(91 ~'W'"l ::;hi'\f'juY1''W"llU(91~

I II I iI I I I I

'flt.l1-.:lVl'VlnU ll~'J~1Y1''W"llU(91U'1J'fl-.:l~I?lt)I?l~::;n~ m1-.:l'"l::;~3-JY1''W"ll (91UVlY1''W~Vl 2 n'fl'W ~-.:l '"l'J13-J 'lJ q

iI I lV I iI

lll?l n1?11-.:l ~::;~~1-.:lY1''W"ll (91U'Wll~::;"ll (91·"h-.:l'W'W ~'fl'\f'jU~1'"l ::;1?11-.:l n'W1'W~'fl-.:l~J'fl-.:l~'WVl ~1'WU (91l~m b(91tJ"ll (91q q q

Y1''Wnn3-J~U1"ll(91U'W ~-.:l 3 ~ '"l::;~~'WY1''W~iJ'J~3-J 1 ~'W ll~::;~n~ru::;b(91tJi'J1U'"l::;'"l~1tJn'W q

11 I iI I

~'fl ~1'W~'W~~n~ru::;Vlb~-.:l'flt.l1-.:l-n(91l'"l'W ~'J'W~1'Wlln3-J'"l::;iJ~'W'W'W~'W3-J1 3 ~'W '"l::;iJlll?lnI?11-.:l1'Wl1'fl-.:l'lJ

iI till I I I I I I

'1J'fl-.:l~'WVlll~::;~u11-.:l~j'fl-.:l~1'WU(91l~m b(91tJ1'WY1''W~Vl4 '"l::;~'1J'W1(911~ruVl~(91 1?l13-J~'JtJ~Vl 3 ll~::;~Vl 2 'lJ '" q

I iI I I iI

ll~::;1'Wl1'fl-.:l~u11-.:l'W'W1'WY1''W~Vl 4 ~U11-.:l'"l::;'"l~1tJnUl'l'J u ~'fl~1'W~'W '"l::;iJ~U11-.:l'1J'fl-.:lU~1tJ 'lJ 'lJ 'lJ

~

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48

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49

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50

J'tl~ 38.2 (Lateral view) 'U

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51

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52

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53

n1~~1bbt.lntl~~bll'VIvr'l.l"ll'el~KUl1i'l.l~1J rhJ~.. (Order Artiodactyla) i''I.l~1Jti'el!J iUl1b~!J'Jb~'el~ (Ruminantia)

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, l,j~ 41 Bibos sp. dentition

vl3-J1 : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press ,1986 :98

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54

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55

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56

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58

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31 33

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nJ~ 47 Bubalus bubalis dentition 'U

~:In : Hillson ,Simon.teeth, London, Cambridge University Press, 1986 : 98

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11-f'l11t1 (Bovidae )

Teeth Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth

I 1st 0/1 .. 17-36 l(9l'ti'W,

13rd 0/1

c 0/1 P 1st 1/1

12nd 0/1

m'W,1J 1'H"I f-.:J 'bJ ml'W,'ti'W, , 'OJ :; 'wC1(911tlri'ti'W,'Oj:;mtJ~-.:J311

q q

P 2nd 1/1 .. 18-30 l(9l'ti'W,P 3rd 1/1

P 4th 1/1

M 1st 1/1

M 2nd 1/1

M3rd 1/1

'VI:I,;! (Sus scrofa )

Teeth Permanent teeth Deciduous teeth

I 1st 1/1 .. 17 -20 l(?l'ti'W,

13rd 1/1

c 1/1 P 1st 1/1

12nd 1/1

.. P 2nd 1/1 12-16 l(?l'ti'W, ..

12-16 b(9l'ti'W,P 3rd 1/1

P 4th 1/1

M 1st 1/1 .. 7-13 b(9l'ti'W,

M 3rd 1/1

M 2nd 1/1

**'VI:J.J1!1b'VIlPl** ~b],!~m~ru 0/1 bb'C1:; 1/1 V1:w1tJ~-.:J

0/1 =hjm'W,'Vr'W,"ll (9IU'W,bblYlin'W,'Vr'W,"ll (9I'i'il-.:Jq q

" 1/1 = ijV(-.:J'Vr'W,"ll(9lU'W,bb'C1:;"ll(9l'i'il-.:Jq q

65

n11in"ll'el.:lcrr", (Tooth Eruption)

'W'el n b'VIU'ellOll n m ~~~1J b~ P\".lI'el'l~LWr~~iJ1uu'VI ~'1 b1Jn ru~ ~ bb~'J 'ell tJ".lI'el'l~I?lrJ~ I?l1tJ,r'W~'el, ,

m~~n".ll'el'l~'Wbb'i'l~mnb'Vl'W~".lI'el'l"llC9'l~'W (Tooth eruption and replacement) ,

~'elm~'el~iJ~~~l'W".lI'el'ln~~':}n~~m'l~ (Epiphyseal fusion of long bones)

~'elm~'el~iJ~~~l'W".lI'el'ln~b'VI'i'ln~~'jj'~ (Closure of cranial sutures)

Incremental structures

n11in"ll'el.:lcrr", (Tooth ware)

mN'eln".ll'el'lb".llln'Jl'1 (Antler development)

".lI'W1C9'1bb'i'l~liJh'l1'W~'el'l~I?l~lmnlOl1''lJb~Ubl?l[Size and from (growth)]

bb'i'l~ m~~n'jj'lb~'1ill~lru (Qualitative features) (Chaplin ,Raymond E.1971 : 77)

'W'el nlOll n m ~~ n'jj'11 'Wb1'el'l".ll'el'l b~N~~l'1".l1'el'lh'l mtJ".lI'el'l~ I?lrJbbl?l'i'l:;I?1'J~lil".ll'Wl C9'1~1 'VI '1l " ,

'VI1'elb~n 1?l1~~l?lnmnlOl1'rub~Ubl?l mh'lb"l!'W n'Jl'1~h~ b".lll".l1'el'ln'Jl'1IOl~'1'eln~'W~l bil'el11'1"l!'J'Ib'J'i'll ., 'lJ

'VI~'1 bb'i'l:; b~'el 11'11'WU1'1 ~ ':} n'Jl'1Ul'1"llUC9'I fh:;il m~'i'l'el n ~~lU~ b".lIrl"JJ'el'l~'J mJ'W bb~ C9'1'I~1 ~'W1 'W~~tJ iI I iI iI

U'WutJ ~VlIOl:;~1 n'J I'll'W"l!'J'I ~ ':} ~'1 n ~ 1'J '11".l1'el'l-n1'1b'el'l n~ 1~ 1 ~b1U'el n1cl\'11'1'el1tJ b"l!'Wb~tJ 'Jn'W ~'1U 'ell ~tJ'VI~n mn~tJ'J n'Wnu'J'I,j1if ~'el uU'J'I~iJ~ln!J~'VI\h1?1C9'1".lI'el'l'll-nl'1 b~'elU'J'elltJ

m~~n'jj'11Ol1nm~~n".ll'el'l~'W 'VI1'el~bltJn~nm.h'l~lm~~C9'Iml~~'1".l1'el'lI?1'J~'W 1'W~~tJ~bbm ",

'lJ

, ".lI'el'l m~1-iv.ifiu1 'Wnl~~ n'jj'llOl~ b1'~1Ol1 n n1~':) b~~1:;'VI1'W~I?lrJiJ~~bJl'Vl bb~ ~-bbn~ bU'el'llOlln ~I?lrJ 2

, " " "llUC9'I dj'W~ I?lrJVl~u1cl\'1J'eltJlOll n n1~~ C9'1~'W1 uu'VI~'1bU~l ru~~1?l1'111'W'Vl~iJtJb~iJ ~'1U'elllOllOl:;bnC9'1~1

I I iI iI I iI iI

lOll n1'W~~tJ:;bbmVl ~~il m~b~tJ'I~I?lrJu'W ~'W'jj'tJUtJ~VlIOl~b~tJ'I ~I?lrJiJ~~bJl'VlUri'el'W~'J-~'JltJ,

66

~fim:i'~m~lm:i'~n'lJ'el'lV{'W~t~n'cnm.JlbiJ'W~m-l~'lVll'lL~'elnLLriunLunru~~ 1'Wm:i'1J'eln

'elltJ'lJ'el'l-K(Wr~'I"lU ~,)'elth'lL-rl'W C. Azorit LL~:;~ru:; 1oirjfi~1'Wm:i'~m~I~'el'lm:i'~n'lJ'el'lV{'W'lJ'el'l q

ml'lLL(9)'l (CelVus elaphushispanicus) 1'WVll'l{;]'el'W1~'lJ'el'l~LtJ'W dJwX'W

~1 L"v1 t?J~~11'lX Ln(9) m:i'~n'lJ'el'lV{'W,r'WLU'Wr.J~miOlln~'l ~1'l1 ~'l~

rnru (9) L~tJ') (attrition) m:;~1 ~'l L~tJ,)L~'el'l flULn(9)iOllmLNU(9)L~tJ,)iOllnV{'W~~um"

'el1 tJ m:i'Hf'lI'W'lJ'el'lV{'W

m:i'iml (abrasion) Ln (9)1011 nu-KtJ~'ll'elU L~tJ,)'ellV11 HL~'l V11'el rn :i''W'el'Wfl(9) V{'W "

(bruxisim)

m:i'~nni'el'W (erosion) Ln(9)iOlln~ln~iJ~ltJ5mmflUL~~'elUV{'WL~'elV{'W LL~:;L~~'elU

n nV{ 'W ~'l'elliOl Ln(9)1011 n n1:i'fUtJ:i':;Vll'W'ellV11:i'~'el'el n ~Vli'dJ'Wm(9)~I'W,)'WJ.J1n L-rl'W .?I "

~:;'Wl,) Lu'W{;]'W

., '" (~~'Wfil ,)OO-J'Wl,)I:i'~~ 2546 : 181)

'11 I '11 I iI

~,)1~ LLJJ'W ~1 flU n~ ~ -K{;]1'L~ tJ'l ~ 1 n n~1 n~ ~ -Kl1I1'ih LU'el'liOlln -K(;]1'L~tJ 'l~ ~ 'WMtJL~tJ'l H hJ~liOl:; q q q

L~'el LU'W'ellV11:i'V11'el L'ellt~1,.if'lI'W /Ol:;'eltJ1'WMll'1"l LL ')(9)~'el~~tJ(9)( Close envi ronment) ~1'liOlln-K(;]1' "

ih~'el~1'W~!lI'1"l LL') (9)~'el~~ L1J (9)(Open envi ronment) ~'l~11~tJJ~I~I:i'rl~')U ~~1'W~,)'W'lJ'el'lUiOl~tJ

m:i'~n'lJ'el'lV{'Wt~ Lti'el'liOlln'l"l~~m:i'~m:i'n'W'lJ'el'l-K{;]1'ih~'W'el~flUL'elm~~lnn~1LL~:;~!l1'1"l'lJ'el'l

ih~-K{;]1't11iOl:;V11n'WL'el'l~,)tJ(Chaplin ,Raymond E. 1971 : 80) , "

'eltJl'l~Vl nU~1 m:i'~nMI ~')tJ~fi~iOl:;~nMliOll nV{'Wnn~V1,r"1 LL~:;'ll (9)V{'Wnn~'ll (9)~I'l'lJ'el'l q q

'11 '11 '11 I I

n ~ q ~V{ 'WLLVl~ 1 n n ~ IV{'WU1 'W~ ~'l~LU'el'l 101 1 nV{'WLLVliOl:;iJ-n ,)'l :i':;tJ:; L')~ 1 m :i'1if'll 'W ~~ 1 n n~ IV{'W

'11 I I I

~ n~'l-K(;]1'LL~~ :;'llU~iOl:;iJ-rl')'l ~~'lJ'el'l n!:i'~ n'lJ'8'lV{'WLL{;]n ~1'l fl'W'el'eln 'lil LU'el'liOllnV{'W~iJ

V1,rl~1 urn :i'U(9) L~tJ,)'81V11:i'm:i'n'W~1'l1 iOlln~nMru:;m:i'n'W'ellV11:i''lJ'8'l-K 1111' L-n'W 1'W'r,)-~,)ltJ , I '11, I

'I"lU~1 L;J'8:i':;tJ:;L,)~I~ ~1'WttJ V{'Wnn~ LVI~lu'WniOl:;L1~iJ m:i'~ ruU'8'liOll n nl:i'H'lI'W LL~ nhn~

V1~ltJ ~,)1~~ liOl:;iJ L'u'l"ll :;V{'Wnn ~'eltJl'l L~tJ') Lvh,r'W~Ln (9) n1:i'~ (9)~'W V{'W~~'Wn Ln (9) nl:i'~ n~'W , ,"

L-rl'WL~mfl'W L-n'WL'WV{'WVI,rl'lJ'el'l~,)-~,)ltJ~'I"lU n'l"lU~1 Ln~ m:i'~ n'8tJl'lmm-n'Wfl'W ~'lV{'W1..h:;L!lVl~

Lum :i'~1 LL 'Wn~ 1 LU'W'lJ'el'l-K(;]1''llU(9)L(9)nm n~iOl :;:i':;U'8tJ LL~,) ~'l n n ~1,) t~ L~ tJ'l LL~~loJliOl:;LU'W'lJ'8'l q "

I" I '11

~')-~') ltJ~ iJ'81tJm n ~'l LL~ ~') L~~~tJ t1JiOl'W~'l ~')~ iJ'elltJm n Lvhu'W q q

67

68

'U'VI'VI 3"'"

.Q. tI ...~ IV tl4Cli'1 Q.I Q.I n1~'J bfll~1~'VITfl.l'6'4lil'J'VI b~~1nn1~"lI•~fll'l.l

lOll n ~'J 'eltJl'1~'W~H'1'W rn ~~ n'Ml ~1~IOlI nuVI ~'I b1J n rufl ~th'Wbtl 'I~ :;'Wl'J i191'W'J'W

~'IVI~(?l 429 ~ mJ'IbU'W

~'W~~~'lJ~ru '"

., U~:;bll'Vl"lJ'el'l~1?l11~(9)'1t1 b(?ltJ ~tJ'I~I(9)'lJIOlI runn1UVlltJ'eltJ

~'W~l?l'rn'lJbYll~U~:;bll'VlVl~ (Sus scrofa) 85 ~ ~(?lbU'W 38.813% '" '"

~'W~I?l1fi'lJbYll~U~:;bll'Vl~'J (Bibos sp.) 40 ~ 18.265 % '"

~'W~1?l1U~:;bll'Vl~,r"lJ (Canis sp.) 30 ~ 13.699 % ,

~'W~1?l1ntlbYll~U~:;bll'Vl1''J-fl'JltJ (Bovidae) 23 ~ 10.502 % '" ,

.':1' % .."" ., '. I "" l'~'W',;'imn'lJb'Vll~u~:;bll'Vlml'1 (Cervus sp.) 16 'Jl 7.306 %

~'W~I?l1fi'JbYll~U~:;bll'Vlfl'JltJ (Bubalus bubalis) 16 ~ 7.306 % '"

~'W~I?l1fi'lJbYll~U~::;bll'Vlbn'l (Muntiacus muntjak) 9 ~ 4.110 %

~'W~1?l1U~::;bll'Vl~'1 (Family Cercopithecidae) 2 ~ 0.913 %

~'W~1?l1~'Wbb'Vl:; U~::;b1l'Vlb~'W (Family Hystricidae) 1 ~ 0,457 %

~'W~1?l1n'lJbYll~ 'J'I~bb~(?l (Family Rhinoceros)1 ~ 0.457 % ,

..~ q e: iI (1?l1~I'1l'~'W'Vl~~mru: 1l1fll:J'W'Jn n. VI'W1 108)

'"

U~::;bll'Vl~ 1 ~1~I~m:;'lJ1~~lbtl'W~1?l1"1l\l(?l1(?l bb~::;btl'W~'W~1(?l (~U~ 50), '" U~::;bll'Vl~ 2 i1~1l1'Wbbl?ln~mb(;\'W'el~'W\l'M~1'W1~bb~::;~1~~I~I~m::;'lJ1~~1 bU'W.... ,

"lJ'el'l~1?l1U~::;bll'Vl1(?l (~U~ 51)'"

(1?l1~1\l~'W~1~~~'lJ~ru '"

: Il1fll:J'W'Jn "lJ. m.Jl 125)

69

70

VI ~n~l'w~L~""l l n l'Wll i?\ 'i'1 ::;VI 'l'nJ 'll(9)A'W Hf ll ~ lil 'll'lX li1 un'lU~ :::l Jl Vl 'lJ 'fl'lK !?l 1"~Y'l U ru llV. ~ ~ ~ , .

'i:U ~1 ruA~ bll~'l e ~U ~ 1 h Jl"i 'fl tJi'jA':l 1 ~m !?l n (;) 1 'l n ULU l~' 'fl'l ~IJ 'fl 'l 'lh :::l Jl Vl l vhllil 'l!n ll(;) ""l::;i'j A':l 1 ~

ll!?ln (;) I 'l n 'WL'Wd'fl 'l 'll 'fl'lm~ 1 ru~ ",~u l~ tJ ~ 1 n n'i 1 i'jl'U~I::;L'WU1 'l Vl 'fl ~ 'lJ lilAU~~uK!?l 1"1.h ::: lJl Vl~, ,

h'W SW Q 'i:(9)m1J 'W~'Wnn ~ Vll.h;~ 4 ll~ ::; '1~U nn ~; ~ 1 (j'U ~ 53) ""l l n n1~':nl1JlmtJu lYi tJ u nu "

(;l':l 'fl ti l 'l n ::;'i:VI 'fl n""llnYH~ D.nru"Vl~ rn 'WD ~ ~J.J'D l~~ Vl tJ1 U'lA 'l"lv:r l~ 'l m C1.r~ Vl l~ Vl tJ1 ~tJ !?l 1~ ~ n ~ I ':l

~lll~':l ~ I i'j A ':l l~ln~l~ tJ'l rlU~'W 'lJ 'fl .:J ~ 'l ':l 'fl n (Macaca mulalta) ~'lr.l1n n1 ~~ n~ l ~ ltJ'l I 'Wn1~'lJ, lil

A'W~ ~ I U~ 1 'lJ 'fl 'l llVl ~'l tun ruA ~ l l 'lA.:Je Vl1-'fl l 'W~ ':l 'W 'lJ 'fl 'l ~ 1 ~ U~ 'W fi~ l~tJ':l rlm 1 'fl 'l nl ~~ l An ::;~

m::; lil nKlil 1"""l l n llVl ~ 'l 'i:un ruA~ llvl 'l~ ~u~ lhl lA tJi'j n1 ~n tJ 'I l 'Jn'l n1 ~~u m::: lil n 'lJ 'fl'lK1il 11.h::;li1 Vl " "

e l ~ tJ ~ '1 1'WA':lIJ.J dJ'W ""l1 'l l l ~':l'fl1""l""l ::;i'jm ::;liln'JJ'fl'l K!?l 1u ~ ::;lJlVl~ 'flt J lY1 tJ'l ll(;)hJ1~~ n1~~ lAn ::;~ " "

~ ~ ~ ~

l l ,;;;dl 'fl1 ""l l l~ lil 'l 1~~ I n1 ~ 'lJ, lil A'Wl'W A f.:J t1 i'j n1 j'A'W~ U ~1il1u ~::; I.JlVl t1 dJ 'W A ~'1 l l m ru llVl~ '1'i:un ru A ~ " " I I

ll'lA 'Itllh n1 ~~ lAn ::;Vl1'WAf'l Vl eJl 'W~ 1hJ'1.~~ n1 ~~ lil ~'i'1 1 (9) U ~ ::; nl j'llil ll i?\ [fl\, ;j 'fl ';;""l j' rul ~ l n 1'W

1J""l""l U'W l l~':l""l::; ~ U~ 1 ~'l 'lJ :i'::; l Jl Vl ~ ~U~ 1 fii'jn1~'fl1 ~tJ'flti i ':lJ.J n u A'WL 'W l'lJ !?l'D J.J 'D lH;j 'fl 'l 'flti l 'l ~ , '"

dJ'WltJL ~ Vl1 'flhJ~I ~n~ ru::;'JJ 'fl 'l n1~ 'fl tim f'1tJ 'lI 'fl 'l~ '1 1'W'fl~ lil l'fl 'JnL~ ua n i?\1 '1LU ""l l nU""l""lu'Wm n'l!n " , 'fl l""l ""l ::; !?\I.:Jrl'W 1'W l1'fl 'l 'lJ 'fl 'l fl Jl l~~ 'flti'fll ~tJ 'fl ti th 'l l \' 'fl ::; l ti 'El 'l ''"lln~ ~ U l'~tJ " 2 ; i?\ l '1 ""l l n~!?l rJ . " "

XU~ 52 ~'W n :i'I ~ Vl ihu~ :::~'Wn~IJ.J'lJ'El.:J~ '1

~t~""llnn1 :i' 'lJ, lil A'Wl'WtJ 2549

71

(Hystricidae) Ll71tJ ~u1'W'WiN :W'1lI71f1'W~ SO 1 61'W 5'~~u~i1J~ :W :W Wi ~ S1 L1 (0 -20 cmdt) ~1\J'j\J 1, . ~ vLl \J~ \JtJ 5'~ ~J) 'Yl Hypsodont ( 5' tJ~ 54) IllN::"!l nntJ'l l\Jnl5' '1Il71f1\J~rJl\J:Wl'11'fl'lLm~'lLunruA~

'U •

mA'1U 1'll'WL~tJ'j nuof;l'W'1I'fl'l~'l~~ U A'fl"!~h] LAtJil m n l tJ'll 'W~I~ U-K[;It)tJ5':;LJ) 'Yl1'W n l5'~hl'ln~,x

n 5'~~ n -K(?I 11'WA}'l~ rJ l 'Wl :W l L LCii~ n1nltJ'lI'W1'W l~'fl'l'1l'fl'l nl5' ~ ui'fl 'l 5''fl tJ~ ~n (P)~'W"!1 nmen 5':::1-1 1

'1I 'fl ~ -K[;It)il 5':::: L J)'Yl~ J'WnA'fl nl 5'~U 5' 'fl tJ ~'W'1I 'fl 'l -KMt)l1 5' :::: l J) 'Yl Y! 'W ~ L 'Yl:::: u\Jn 5'::::l71 n-KMt)tJ5'::LJ)'Yl ~ 'W "

lti'El'l"! '1 n-K(?It)tJj' :::: Wl'Yl~il ~ ~ ~n 5' 5' :W Ll71 tJ~'j 1tJ"!::::ilU-KtJ-n reJ ULL'Yl :::: 'ri'1 n~[;I t)1~'fl n'W m'::; ~ n ~ '111 L ~ rl ::; 'l'1

'1I'fl'l-KMt)tJ5'::;LJ)'Yl~'W~[;I '1mL'i1'j (\!b!J~'1 I lN '1I ::; ~ rl 2545 : 154) IllN ::;~IdJ1nm u 1~~'J 1tJ1'Wtl'1ln'fl U

. ~ ~,

• I ofl "" • I "''' % .... I "'1 "

72

1~~'j~"ll'el~Yl~-K(;lf~ 'mJ~l iJmm ru~J1 n~ ~ jj]"nnnl j''!J lPI~ ~1 1JtJ Y'l .Pl . 2548 ~ 'el Yl~ 'll 'el ~

~l'1fth::;uWl 'lUJv ;~iJ~1~'j~~~i~ 85 ; Ajj]bU~ 38.813 % 'll 'fl ~ ~~ 'lnJ lPI bu~-K(;lf~ m "l n'Cil'jlJl~1

'(11~lnlY'l"l.J1Mf'j1tJ1~n1r '!J 191 A~h.i~I"l::;bu~l ~lb~'Ci~ tm1 ru~~~~11~th::;lYl f311Yl~ ~~~'fl1"!"!~

bti'fl~~1"nn-Klilf'll\llPl~'(11mHl'el1f'1~'fl tJ1Wi1~thln'fl"l.JYl nth ::; IJlYl t!iltJ~6niii1~~Y'l"l.J"!::;n~~~ dJ~ " , ~ Yl~J1~~J\ l~::;Yl~llYf'1l'el~«(;lfth ::; lfl'r1~ ;~ '(1 1mrm11 l'B11tJl-iftJj'::;n'fl"l.J n 1 j'';) bAn ::;~1~(~·'fl~n1j'~1

m tl "! l n Yl~-Klil tfl~[m.m6~1~ lL ~::;~'flm~:;1'el"!1n~'fl ~ 'll 'fl ~ Yl~J l~J-JU~ ::;Yl~ llYi ~ Z1 1mnl "l.J 'fl n1 Jl :v q G".d .o Ji d t d 0IJ'"

lb~'j n"!::;lU~lr'fl~'1Ill~ mr-nuun bY'l I3l 'llll ..:l-Klil'jtJ r:::bJl'r1 ~ b~ 1l ..:l "!1 n'11bn Z11 ~1n1'Vl "l ::; "l1 ll~ n bY'l f'I

'll'el ..:l ~(;lftJr:;Ul'Vl~ Hi'''!1n n1r7J l",n::;oJYl~b:;tJ'1'11ll..:l« (;l ftJ r ::; IJl Yi~ lltJ1..:l~1~n'Cil'jlm HU ~'l l~"l.J'Vl ~2

1~n1r41 bl~nYl'W'lI 'el..:l ~Jlr;lh ::; bJlYl'1'j-M 1u ~ 1 ~1 V1 \thJ 'll 'fl ~'1'jl l ~::;~ l l91 bU ~ '1I ll ~ ~'jl t1~~

,;,/ "l.J ~ l iJ U 'l! Vi l A ll ~-ii1 ..:lm nY'l t")~~ f'j r \till..:l"nn~ I ~~ 2 tJ r:;b Jl 'l'l ~ iJ A'll ~ lmtbAtI~n~l~ L~' 'B -l

r tJi1..:ltlPltl-i'jltJ lU~'fltJ1-lm n "l:;h~ n~ul-l1'WLill~ 'lJ 'fl ..:l 'JJ~1 lP1 bb~ ::;rtJ i1~ Jll'W"l.Jjj] l~t1'j 'fltJ1 ~ b~~1~ " " Yl~n ~1~1i1..:l~~ 3 ~~-l 2 tJr::;IJl Yi~ '(11~1rC1Vhmr~ 1 lb~n 'fl 'fl n"! l n n~1~rill~ .jh~-nlPl l"l'W LlJ'WMtJ

(rtJ~ 56) mr41 Uun Yl'WtJ ~ ::; b Jl Yl Yl 'W~,r 1'11'fl-l-K[;'1'1tJr:; bm 11''j - rl 'j 1tl d,;,/"l.J~1 L1J 'Wh J1Jltl1 n "

~1~ lvh~'W ~~vh H)bl~ l.wtWr11 mr~1lb'Wn 1~ bY1t1~~1 dj ~ Yl 'W~ ,r1 'jj !il 'Ci l\l 'll!l -l 1''j - rl 'j 1 t1 U ~ ::; 1'W b~ll ~ , ~ ~ ,

'1I'fl-l~1 dJw~h'W't!ilb vhoJ'W 'Wll n ~ '..\ \1'fl"l1 ni1\JtJ~hj~I }J1 r (1 '1i "l ::;~ bAn ::; .",1~ ~ -l 9 1 bb'Wm'fl 1H'el tJ l 'W "

73

m:l-J1blJ

1'Wdtl~ ill~ '1 OJ 'lJ!l~ 'vi 'itnti'1 'W ~Y'l U1'Wlll?! '6'1 ::;~::: ~u -B''W ~ ~ ~ WitJ\,l Y'l U~ '1 'vi'itn~ '1 'W1u bl l?! '6'1::: as as Ii g... ii 1.'

~::;~u-n'W ~ ~ ~ WiL!\,l~:::i:j rl'J '1 ~ ll(?l n j;] '1~ n\,ltltl n1tJWel ~ ~ A'J~ V1~11~ ::'lJ!lY'l ~

(?)1urn Y'l J" W6)J!l,1'!l(?l

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