Upload
hkscribd
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
1/60
SCHEMES
J.R.Verma
Scientist B
CGWB, NCCR, Raipur
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
2/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
3/60
PRINCIPLES OF RECHARGE
Infiltration
Percolation
Postmonsoonwater level
Water level
Recharge to ground waterPremonsoonWater level
Fluctuation
Recharge GW,UtilisableRecharge-Area,Time and
Draft GW
-
Permeability (contact between waterbody and ground surface and makingeffort for creating more permeablezone for accelerating recharge to
CGWB NCCR Raipur 3
&Rainfall
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
4/60
Why Artificial Recharge required
= -Sgw=Wp+Wr+Wc+Was+Wag-Gwi-GWb-Gwept-Gwe-GWo
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
5/60
Components of Artificial Recharge
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
6/60
Unit
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
7/60
PLANNING
1. IDENTIFICATION OF AREA
.
3. DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
of the WATERSHED
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
8/60
IDENTIFICATION OF AREA
1. Proble m- What is problemDepleting Ground Wate r Level
Sustainability problem
Quality improvement -As,F,Fe, NO3 , SO4
Sea w ater intrution
. - a c men areathan suitable a rea for artificial recharge to groundwater
3. Calculation of vadose zone-
4. Availabilit of Rechar e Water5 . Suitability
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
9/60
Demarcation of area
Catchment ma bemicro,macro or mega sizedepends upon extensionof the problematic
Entire area not requaredartificial recharge
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
10/60
2. Demarcation of area.
THREE LAYER SYSTEM
BASE MAP Catchment , Drainage,soil ,
ys ograp y eo ogy
DTW MAP decadal post-monsoon depth towater level map of 3m interval
Long term
Water levelDecadal post-monsoon water level
Trend
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
11/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
12/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
13/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
14/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
15/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
16/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
17/60
INTIGRATED AREA FOR AR
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
18/60
3. Calculat ion of vadose zone
Storage Space = A x B x C (in mcm)Where
A = Demarcated area for AR (sqkm) B =Post-monsoon average depth to water level- 3m in every zone.
C = S ecific ield of the articular formation
Water shed Geo. Area(sq.km)
Areaidentified for
Volume ofunsaturated
Average
specificTotalStorage
ArtificialRecharge(sq.km)
zone (mcm) y e potential asvolume ofwater
(mcm)
Gajara 250 3-6=153
6-9=60
153*1.5=230
60*4.5=270
0.02 10.00
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
19/60
1. Stored water at surface (say100%)
2. Loss at soil moisture and leakage (25%)
.
4. So the reciprocal of require water is 100/75=1.33
5. Surface water requirement =storage space x 1.33
10.0 mcm x 1.33=13.33 mcm
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
20/60
Assessed in terms of non committed sur lusmonsoon run off, which as per present water resourcedevelopment scenario is going away un-utilised.
This com onent can be assessed b anal sin the
monsoon rainfall pattern : its frequency, number of rainy days, maximum rainfall in a day and its variation in space and time.
The variations in rainfall pattern in space and time,an s re evance n re a on o e scope or ar c arecharge to sub-surface reservoirs can be consideredfor assessing the surplus surface water availability.
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
21/60
Non-committed surplus monsoon runoff and its availability in
s ace and time is calculated b river au in or formula
Rain fall-The run-off is estimated by using Strangers.
average monsoon rainfall of the area being 1158 mm.The percentage of run-off to rainfall as per Strangers
a e s . an e ep o run-o ue o ra n a s40.3 cm.The total yield of run-off generated fromwatershed having 250 sqkm area works out to 100.75mcm and 30% of the total run-off i.e. 30.225 mcm isconsidered as surplus monsoon run-off available for
.
- wbasin w ate r
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
22/60
5. Suitable Recharge Structures
70 % earthen structures / Percolation tank - Surface spreading
30% Cement lu Concrete / RCC Weir - Bank stora e
Density of Structure to be realistic / sq.km and entire affected
area of watershed to be benefited.
Drainage,Physiography,Soil, Geology and
position of aquifers are governing important
role for the suitability of artificial recharge
structures for ground water recharge in any
area.
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
23/60
PLAN OF ARTIFICIA RECHARGE TO GW BY SUITABLEPRINCIPAL RECHARGE SCHEMES USING SURFACE WATERRESOURCES
Resources to be harnessed by Estimated costof structure in Lcs
Name ofwatershed
Amount ofSurfacewater
PercolationTanks (AverageGross ca acit
Cement Plugs(AverageGross Ca acit
BCD (0.02mcmca acit
Percon
lation
Tanks
CementPlugs3.0
BCD0.4
considered forplanningArtificialRecharge to
0.64 mcm) 0.05 mcm) 10
MCM No.s MCM Nos MCM Nos.
Ground
Water
(MCM)
Gajara 13.33 9.33 15 1.0 20 3.0 150 150 60 60
PROJECT PREPARED ON THE BASIS OF1. Available vadose zone2. Available water for recharge3. Budget
(which is least)
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
24/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
25/60
INVESTIGATION
.
2. Physiography and Geomorphologic
3. Hydro mete orological and Hydrology
4 . Geophysical
5 . Hydro geological
.
7 . Feasible structures
8. Civil Engineering considerations
9. Beneficiar Grou
10 .Economic considerat ions
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
26/60
1. Soil infiltration studies
Various land use categories-for finalizing, .
barren land)
Infiltration characteristics of major soil typesweight assign to each for evaluation forfeasibility
Rate of infiltration of the formation in thesuitable area cylinder or flood infiltrometers
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
27/60
2. Physiography and Geomorphology
-
CCT,CCB & nala plugging
Recharge srturesBazada zone- PT and shaft
Piedmont Zone- PT, recharge shaft
- shaft
Alluvial plain- PT, recharge shaft and
check dam
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
28/60
Dr in n i -hi her draina e densit
indica ting low perm ea ble surfac e
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
29/60
3. Hydrology and Hydrometeorology
.watershed/block
Rainfall-Pat te rn, Intensity, Distribution, No Days and
ont y s ze o epen s on ntens ty o ra n a
2. Sourc e w a te r st ora e loc at ion a nd c a a cituse
3. Assessment of non-committed surplus
monsoon runoff and its availability in space and
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
30/60
4. GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES
1. Thickness of weathered zone in hard rocks
2. Thickness and characteristics of granularzones in sedimentar terrain
3. Identification of aquifer system
4. Negative or non-productive zones
5. Brackish/fresh round water interface6. Area prone to seawater intrusion
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
31/60
5. Hydrogeological studies
eo og ca s r u on o orma on
Dept h t o wea thering m ap
Depth to w ater level map-Pre & Post monsoon
Assessment of stora e otent ia l of vadose
zone in different hydro geologica l unit for postmonsoon
Long term t rend hydrograph
Assessment of Ground w ater resources
, - -hydraulic conduct ivity and yield potent ial map
H dro eolo ical ma of the area.
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
32/60
Calculation of vadose zone
Stora e S ace = A x B x C in mcm
Where A = Demarcated area suitable for AR (in sqkm) B=Post-monsoon average depth to water level- 3m in every zone(in m.).
C = Specific yield of the particular formation
.
(sq.km)
identified forArtificial
Recharge
unsaturatedzone (mcm)
specificyield
Storagepotential as
volume of.
Gajara 250 3-6=153
- =
153*1.5=230
* =
0.02 10.00
Surface water requirement = Storage space x 1.33
10.0 mcm* 1.33= 13.33 mcm
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
33/60
Availability of source water
Non-committed surplus monsoon runoff and its availability in
space and time is calculated by river gauging or formula
Rain fall-The run-off is estimated by using Strangers Table for the averagemonsoon rainfall of the area. The average monsoon rainfall of the area being 1158mm. The percentage of run-off to rainfall as per Strangers Table is 33.2 and the
depth of run-off due to rainfall is 40.3 cm.The total yield of run-off generated from
watershed having 250 sqkm area works out to 100.75mcm and 30% of the total run-off i.e. 30.225 mcm is considered as surplus monsoon run-off available for artificial
recharge.
Other sources - Canal wate r, trance basin wat er
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
34/60
6. GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES
em ca qua ty o groun waters
Spatial and temporal variations inround water ualit .
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
35/60
Hydrogeologic Group Aquifer
7. Suitable Recharge Structures
s ua onTopographic
slope
Consolidated Sem i- Consolidated Un- consolidated Confined/
Unconfined
Steep CCT,CCB& nala CCT,CCB, nalaUnconfined
ope( 20 - 10% )Runoff zone
p ug plug -
Unconfined
Slope(10 to 5%)
,
Gravity HeadRecharge Well
,
Gravity HeadRecharge Well
Pits & ShaftsContour Trench
Recharge Well
Deep Gravit y HeadRecharge Well
I nject ion Well*Recharge Shafts*
I nject ion Well*Recharge Shafts*
Confined
Hydro fracturing
Fracture SealCementation
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
36/60
Topographicslope
Consolidated Sem i- Consolidated Un- consolidated Confined/Unconfined
Moderate to
Nalah Bunds *
Flooding
Unconfined
(2 to 5% )
Transition zone
Percolat ion Tanks
Recharge PitsCanal Ir rigation*
I nduced recharge
Stream ChannelModification
Modification
Induced RechargeGravity Head
*Canal Ir rigation
Gravity HeadRecharge Well*
-
Recharge Shaft*
Gravity Head*
Recharge Shafts*
Gravity Head*
Confined
Deep Fracture SealCementation
I njection Wells*Hydro-fracturing
I njection Wells*
Gentle Slope< 2 %
SurfaceI rr i at ion
Recharge PitsFlooding
Flooding*
Surface
Unconfined
St or age Zon e Re ch ar ge Pit sGravity Hea dRecharge W ells
Canal I rr igat ion*I nduced RechargeSurface SpreadingI nf i ltrat ion Gallery
Spreading*
I nf il trat ionGallery
Recharge W ells( On
Lineame nts or
Connector W ells
intersections)
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
37/60
Storage distribution
70 % earthen structures / Percolation tank - Surface spreading
30% Cement plug (Concrete / RCC Weir) - Bank storage
.
to be benefited.
torage capac ty o rec arge structures Mainly depends on the average capacity and how many
time ma be utilised.Which ives the Gross ca acit .
Single fill Percolation Tank 100 TCM
emen ug
UTILISED
2 times for Percolation tank and 3 time for Cement Plug
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
38/60
NUMBERS OF BUNDS
Number of bunds across adrainage system is worked out
drainage as a base line datainput as per the drainage
bunds are arrived at as follows;
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
39/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
40/60
Contd..
A gap of 5 metres is thought fit in additionto the slo e distance i.e. 355 + 5 = 360metre is the distance between two bundsin the Gajara drainage segment of the
. The general formula for working out thei n w n w n i v lv
follows;
Distance between two bunds = Distancefor a drop of 1m. (Slope) + 5 m.
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
41/60
PLAN OF ARTIFICIA RECHARGE TO GW BY SUITABLEPRINCIPAL RECHARGE SCHEMES USING SURFACE WATERRESOURCES
Resources to be harnessed by Estimated costof structure in Lcs
Name ofwatershed
Amount ofSurfacewater
PercolationTanks (AverageGross ca acit
Cement Plugs(AverageGross Ca acit
BCD (0.02mcmca acit
Percon
lation
Tanks
CementPlugs3.0
BCD0.385
considered forplanningArtificialRecharge to
0.64 mcm) 0.05 mcm)10
MCM No.s MCM Nos MCM Nos.
Ground
Water
(MCM)
Gajara 13.33 8.33 13 1.0 20 4.0 200 130 60 77
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
42/60
Sr. Name of structures CGWB Proposed Constructed1.Masonary stop Dam 20 28 23
2.Percolation Tank 13 25 12
3.Bolder Check dam 200 35 25
4.Silt trap / Nalla Bund 40 13
5.Desilting of pond 100 28
Estimated cost - Rs. 267.00 Lakh
Administrative Approval - Date 09.10.2002Add. Chief Secretary - PHED
Government of Chhattisgarh
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
43/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
44/60
Gajara watershed management project
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
45/60
Impact of artificial recharge StructureBefore-Construction After-(2004 to 2007
1- Water level in tube welland dug wells
13.50 to 30 m 4 m to 12m
2- No of tu e wells for
Irrigation
More than ou le
of previously existed
3- Covera e area with 2 ha a rox. 4 to 5 ha About
tube well Irrigation doubled)4- Water pumping hours 3 to 5 hrs 6 to 12 hours
5- Availability of water in the
Nala Surface
Nov.& December Up to Feb. & March
- ater eve uctuat ng m to m m to m
Rise of water level by 12 m to 17 m in the area, results production of paddy.
Stop dam and Percolation tank are quite effective for ground water recharge
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
46/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
47/60
Monthly Monitoring of water level, Village-Amlidih0
2001-02
2002-032003-04
-
2
4
6G.L.
(m) 2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
8
10
12LevelBelow
14
16
18thofWater
20
22MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JUL. AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB.
Time Period (months)
De
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
48/60
8.CIVIL ENGINEERING CONCIDERATION STUDIES
Foundation conditions
u -sur ace s ra a con ons
Spill way design
ater a urvey Soils
Sand/rocks/bricks & tiles/Pea
Cement
Steel/Steel pipes/Slotted pipes/well screens
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
49/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
50/60
RWH and AR with Existing Structures
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
51/60
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
52/60
Base Information of Problem Area
2. Population3. Land use.
5. Climate6. Topographic features
7. Surface water bodies:8. Hydrogeology
10. Ground water11. Nature of problem requiring artificial recharge
13. Sub-surface potential for ground water recharge
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
53/60
Action Plan
. ,
2. Using base data on topography, rainfall, hydrogeology,aquifer situation land source water availability, identify.
3. With reference to the local conditions of the area,further identify the most appropriate techniques ofartificial rechar e suitable at various sites/locations.
4. Determine the number of each type of artificial rechargestructure needed to achieve the quantitative targets.
5. For individual structure at different locations, finalizethe design specifications.
6. Finalize the design of the conveyance system requiredto bring the source water to the recharge site and
e rea men requ re .7. Plan the required Monitoring System to evaluate the
efficiency of Recharge Scheme..
Recharge Project.
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
54/60
CHECK LIST
1. Has the need for Artificial Recharge been Properlyestablished?
competent authority Been cleared on the following points?3. Meteorological & hydrological Surveys4. Field Surveys Have the following Surveys been Carried out?
5. For construction of structures :A. Have the following investigations been carried out?B. Material Survey
6. Land Acquisition7. Design8. Construction Programme schedules :
. nanc a esources :10. Ecological Aspects :11. Public Participation, Cooperation :
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
55/60
Central - CSS- 100%
State
State plusCentral
NGO/VO
Individual
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
56/60
State departments Irrigat ion
PHED
.
RGWSM
Panchayat
NGO/ VO/Inst itut ions
Land Acquisition and clearance
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
57/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
58/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
59/60
8/10/2019 Planning J.R.v Libre
60/60