Diapos Informe.pdf

8/10/2019 Diapos Informe.pdf

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Alfaro Vargas, Alan

Horna Rodrguez, Edin

Lino Huamn, Jos

Neyra Armas, Ricardo

Quispe Ziga, Isabel

Your health and safety at work

ERGONOMICS

WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?

Ergonomics is the study of work in relation to the environment in which it is performed (the workplace)

and those who perform it (workers). It is used to determine how the workplace can be designed or

adapted to the worker in order to prevent a variety of health problems and to increase efficiency.

To make the job fit the worker, instead of forcing the worker to conform to the job.

Ergonomist: A specialist in ergonomics, studies the relation between the worker, the workplace

and the job design.

Benefitsof applying ergonomics in the workplace:

o For the worker, the benefitsare healthier and safer working conditions.

o For the employer, the most obvious benefit isincreased productivity.


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COMMON INJURIES/DISEASES

Often workers are given little choice and are forced to adapt to poorlydesigned work conditions, which can lead to serious injury to the hands,wrists, joints, back or other parts of the body. In particular, injuries can resultfrom:

Repeated use over time of vibrating tools and equipment, such asa jackhammer

Tools and tasks which require twisting hand or joint movements,such as the work many mechanics perform

Applying force in an awkward position Applying excessive pressure on parts of the hand, back, wrists or

joints Working with the arms outstretched or over the head; Working with a bent back; Lifting or pushing heavy loads.

Injuries usually develop slowly

Caused by poorly designed or unsuitable tools and workstations oftendevelop slowly over a period of months or years. However, a worker willusually have some signs and symptoms for a long period of time indicatingthat something is wrong.

The worker may be uncomfortable while doing his or herjob, or feel aches in the muscles or joints after goinghome from work. Additionally, he or she may have manyminor muscle strains over a period of time. It isimportant to investigate these kinds of problemsbecause what may begin as discomfort may lead insome cases to serious disabling injury or disease.


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Inflammation ofthe bursa betweenskin and bone, orbone and tendon.

Pain and swelling at

the site of theinjury.

Kneeling, pressureat the elbow,repetitive shouldermovements.

BURSITIS

Pressure on thenerves which passup the wrist

Tingling, pain andnumbness in the

thumb and fingers,especially at night.

Repetitive workwith a bent wrist.Use of vibratingtools.

CARPAL TUNNELSYNDROME

Infection of thepalm of the handfollowing repeatedbruising, calledbeat hand.

Pain and swelling ofthe palm.

Use of hand tools,like hammers andshovels, coupledwith abrasion fromdust and dirt.

CELLULITIS

Inflammation ofthe area wherebone and tendonare joined.

Pain and swelling at

the site of theinjury.

Repetitive work,often fromstrenuous jobs like

joinery, plastering,bricklaying.

EPICONDYLITIS

A cyst at a joint orin a tendon-sheath.Usually on the backof the hand orwrist.

Hard, small, roundswelling, usuallypainless.

Repetitive handmovement.

GANGLION

Injury

Symptoms

Causes

Description of the most common injuries and diseases I

Damage to thejoints resulting in

scarring at the jointand the growth ofexcess bone.

Stiffness andaching in the spineand neck, and other

joints.

Long-termoverloading of thespine and other

joints.

OSTEO-ARTHRITIS

Inflammation ofthe area where

muscle and tendonare joined.

Pain, swelling,tenderness andredness of hand,wrist, and/orforearm. Difficultyin using the hand.

Repetitivemovements.

TENDONITIS

Inflammation oftendons and/or

tendon sheaths.

Aching, tenderness,swelling, extremepain, difficulty inusing the hand.

Repetitivemovements, oftennon-strenuous.

TENOSYNOVITIS

Inflammation ofthe neck and

shoulder musclesand tendons.

Localized pain inthe neck orshoulders.

Having to maintaina rigid posture.

TENSIONNECK ORSHOULDER

Inflammation oftendons and/or

tendon sheaths ofthe fingers.

Inability to movefingers smoothly,with or withoutpain.

Repetitivemovements.Having to grip toolong, too tightly, ortoo frequently.

TRIGGER FINGER

Injury

Symptoms

Causes

Description of the most common injuries and diseases II


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Prevention

Permanent RSI (Repetitive strain injury) can be prevented by:

Eliminating the risk factors from the job

Reducing the pace of work

Moving the worker to other work, or by alternating repetitivetasks with non-repetitive tasks at regular intervals

Increasing the number of breaks from repetitive work

In some industrialized countries, RSI is often treated with surgery. However, it is

important to remember that treating a problem is not the same as preventing it in thefirst place. Prevention should be the first goal, especially since surgery for RSI oftenhas poor results and, if the worker returns to the same job that caused the problem inthe first place, in many cases the symptoms may return even after surgery.

Injuries are costly

They caused by poorly designed tools or workstations can be very costly in terms ofpain and suffering, not to mention the financial loss to workers and their families.Injuries are costly to employers as well.

Carefully designing a job from the beginning, or redesigning it may cost anemployer some money initially. However, in the long term the employer usuallybenefits financially. The quality and efficiency of the work being done mayimprove.

Health care costs may be reduced, and worker morale mayimprove. Applying ergonomic principles can prevent painful andpotentially crippling injuries or illness and make work morecomfortable and therefore easier to perform.


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Forcing a worker to adapt to poorlydesigned work conditions can lead to

serious injury.

Vibration, repetitive work, twisting,awkward work positions, excessive

force or pressure, lifting or pushing canall cause injuries and diseases to

develop.

Injuries and diseases caused by poorlydesigned or unsuitable tools and

workstations often develop over time.

Workers should be provided withinformation on ergonomics-related

injuries and diseases.

Injuries and diseases caused byrepetitive work are generally called

repetitive strain injuries (RSIs).

Injuries associated with the non-application of ergonomic principles arecostly to both workers and employers,both in terms of pain and suffering and

financially.

Applying ergonomic principles inthe workplace benefits both

workers and employers.

Points to remember

Documents

Diapos Informe.pdf