Ré-Actvité : Ré-interroger les pratiques (Mai 2016)

8/17/2019 Ré-Actvité : Ré-interroger les pratiques (Mai 2016)

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3/21

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!"#$%&'(& *+,-.($/$(+ " #$%&'()**+,)* -./0(121($ 3) (*/2/1-

A5 B.625'(.6 27 !"#$%&'('&" 65C' 27 6.'07 ).=.6'# 27 D0.D.170 /6 6./)75/ &5207D./0 "#$E6'700.>70 &.==7&'()7F76' =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(=G D0.D.1('(.6 4/( D5117 6.'5FF76'

D50 /6 5&&.FD5>67F76' 271 D0.B711(.667=1 7' 271 &.==7&'(B1 27 '05)5(= 4/( D50'5>76' &7'.HI7&'(BJ

"#$(6'700.>70 =35&'()('# &371' 07F7''07 =7 '05)5(= 5/ &76'07 27 =5 0#B=7K(.6 =L .M (=

71' '0.D 1./)76' 076).N# 76 D#0(DO#0(7 L =5 B5)7/0 27 &.61(2#05'(.61G &70'71 L D07620776 &.FD'7G 76 '70F71 27 F.'()5'(.6G 23/1/07G 2371D0(' 23(6('(5'()7 ./ 27 './'7 5/'07

2(F761(.6 '0.D 1./)76' 0#2/('7 L 271 &505&'P071 (62()(2/7=1J

"7F7''07 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= 5/ &76'07 27 =5 0#B=7K(.6G &371' &.61(2#070 4/7 B5&7 L

=5 4/71'(.6 23#)76'/7==71 1./BB056&71 5/ '05)5(= (= 67 135>(' D51 27 D0.'#>70 =71 15=50(#1 2/'05)5(= 4/( D.0'705(' 5''7(6'7 L =7/0 156'#G F5(1 27 =71 5(270 L 2#)7=.DD70 =7/0 156'# 5/'05)5(= 76 D07656' 1.(6 27 &7 2706(70J Q./1 5).61 =5 &.6)(&'(.6 4/7 =71 15=50(#1 17

D0#.&&/D76' 271 4/71'(.61 27 D70B.0F56&7 5/ '05)5(= 5/ F.(61 './' 5/'56' 4/7 &7==71

07=5'()71 5/ H(76$R'07 5/ '05)5(=J Q./1 D761.61 235(==7/01 4/7 =71 15=50(#1 4/( '0./)76' 2/D=5(1(0 5/ '05)5(= 1.6' &7/K 4/( D7/)76' 2#)7=.DD70 /6 05DD.0' 0#B=7K(B L =5 D70B.0F56&7J

S/)0(701G 7FD=.N#1G &52071 7' 2(07&'(.6 23/67 FRF7 (61'('/'(.6 63.6' &70'71

>#6#05=7F76' D51 =5 FRF7 &.6&7D'(.6 27 =5 D70B.0F56&7J T5(1 (= 135>(' I/1'7F76' 27D./).(0 U0#$V(6'700.>70 &71 &.6&7D'(.61G =71 &.6B0.6'70G =71 2(1&/'70J

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4/21

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L) *)0+''/P(*) 3/'8 -) (*/2/1- :;) -.+' #0(5=7 4/( 17FH=7 072#&./)0(0 ./ &0.(' 0#(6)76'70 =71 )(7(==71

D.1'/071 D5'7065=(1'71 2.6' =71 15=50(#1 1705(76' 6.1'5=>(4/71 $ [ Q3O#1('7^ D51 L B#=(&('70=7 H.6 '05)5(= \G [ TRF7 76 &51 23#&O7& 15=/7^ =71 7BB.0'1 \G [ @7617^ L &0#70 271

F.F76'1 27 &.6)()(5=('# \G 7'&J

S0 =71 15=50(#1 63.6' D51 '56' H71.(6 27 07&.665(1156&7 D701.667==7 4/7 27 17

07&.665C'07 2561 =7/0 '05)5(=J _(170 =7 [ H(76$R'07 \ 1561 0#1./207 =5 4/71'(.6 2/ [ H(76$B5(07 \ D.1#7 27 F56(P07 D=/1 ./ F.(61 7KD=(&('7 D50 =71 15=50(#1 &.61'('/7 5(61( /67 ).(7

(==/1.(07?J ` &.FD0(1 D./0 271 4/71'(.61 27 156'# 5/ '05)5(=G 6./1 5).61 =5 &.6)(&'(.64/3(= B5/' .0>56(170G 1( 7==71 B.6' 2#B5/'G =5 2(1&/11(.6 7' =5 0#B=7K(.6 5/'./0 27 &7 4/371'

D./0 &O5&/6 /6 '05)5(= 27 4/5=('#G /6 '05)5(= 2561 =74/7= .6 D7/' 17 07&.665C'07ZJ A7 H(76$R'07 271 15=50(#1 67 D7/' 17 &.61'0/(07 5/ 2#'0(F76' 27 =37BB(&5&('# 2/ '05)5(=Ja

b67 '7==7 2#F50&O7 76>5>7 './' =7 F.627 c (= 6371' D51 D.11(H=7 27 17 &5&O702700(P07 =7 071D7&' 2#&=50# 271 H.6671 D05'(4/71 7' 27 =3#'O(4/7J "#$(6'700.>70 =35&'()('#

27 '05)5(= (FD=(4/7 27 D50=70 27 171 D05'(4/71 ] N &.FD0(1 27 &7==71 4/3.6 71' 7FDR&O#

235).(0G 27 &7 4/3.6 1./O5('705(' D./).(0 B5(07 ] 27 171 F.'(B1 235&'(.6G 271 &O7F(61 D0(1

D./0 '0./)70 271 1.=/'(.61 7' 27 =71 &.6B0.6'70 L &7==71 27 171 D5(01G 27 171 &.==P>/71+ 7'27 15 O(#050&O(7J -.6'05(07F76' 5/K (==/1(.61 271 [ *+, -,.& /01 \ U=5 [ H.667 F56(P07 27B5(07 \V 2/ '05)5(= '5N=.0(1#G 271 D0.F71171 271 [ 0./71 )70'/7/171 \ 271 [ 2#F50&O71

4/5=('#1 \ ./ 27 &7==71 2/ [ >5>656'd>5>656' \ 27 =3(F5>(65(07 F565>#0(5=,G =7 '05)5(=

(6&=/' 6#&7115(07F76' 271 &.6'052(&'(.61 7' 271 &.6B=('1J -371' )05( L /6 6()75/(62()(2/7= c =3/6 271 >05621 D=5(1(01 5/ '05)5(= 71' I/1'7F76' 27 D50)76(0 L 2#D51170 =71

&.6'052(&'(.61 5/K4/7==71 .6 71' &.6B0.6'#G &.FF7 D50 7K7FD=7 B5(07 H(76 './' 76 #'56'1./F(1 L /67 &5276&7J -371' 76&.07 D=/1 )05( L /6 6()75/ &.==7&'(BG 67 1705('$&7 4/7 D50&7

: Sef` W=.076&7G U9;:;V 9;:aG [ A5 07&.665(1156&7G /6 (FD761# .0>56(15'(.667= \G (6 -ASf `)71G

AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7 U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;:;V 9;:aHG %>(0 76 &=(6(4/7 2/ '05)5(=G f./=./17G #0P1G DDJ 9+a$9,* i DJ 9+aJ 9 -.FF7 .6 D7/' =7 F71/070 L '05)701 =7 1/&&P1 27 =5 DN05F(27 271 H71.(61 27 T51=.jJ? -ASf `)71G k%"EWE%Q @O(=(DD7G [ g)5=/5'(.6 271 D70B.0F56&71J @.(6' 5)7/>=7J \G 2, 3*+4,5 :* 2#&7FH079;;8JZ -ASf `)71G k%"EWE%Q @O(=(DD7G [ g)5=/5'(.6 271 D70B.0F56&71J @.(6' 5)7/>=7J \G 2, 3*+4,5 :* 2#&7FH079;;8Ja lSefbAelE l5'(5G U9;:;V 9;:aG [ m/7==71 &.665(1156&71 D./0 =35&'(.6 76 &=(6(4/7 2/ '05)5(= n b67&.6'0(H/'(.6 L =5 4/71'(.6 271 05DD.0'1 76'07 =71 5&'(.61 27 '0561B.0F5'(.6 7' =5 D0.2/&'(.6 27

&.665(1156&71 76 &=(6(4/7 2/ '05)5(= \G (6 -ASf `)71G AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7 U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;:;V 9;:a

HG $6'7 ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'85 f./=./17G P071G DDJ 9,$?* i DJ ?;J+ [ g6'07 o&.665(117/013 D/(1 76'07 o&.665(117/01 2(BB#076'13 \ 17=.6 =5 B.0F/=7 23`)71 -=.' i -ASf `)71G

9;:;G 2, &70(0'8 ; %*:7 ,+ ?'+'7 0(,% 8,. 7'.9:,. @.1%A*.*%'0:B5 @50(1G A5 h#&./)70'7G DJ :,aJ, hg Y%bAgp%- _(6&76'G 9;;aG 20 .*%'"&" C0804, 4, 80 6,.&'*+G @50(1G e7/(=J


5/21

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@5>7 a 1/0 9:

4/7 =71 15=50(#1 63.6' D51 =71 FRF71 &.6'05(6'71 L >#070G 63#).=/76' D51 2561 =71 FRF71

&.6'7K'71G 63.6' D51 52.D'# =71 FRF71 D.1'/071 7' 63.6' D51 =71 FRF71 F.'(B1 235&'(.6q7' &7 235/'56' D=/1 4/3(=1 1.6' 76>5>#1 2561 271 #4/(D71 D=/0($D0.B711(.667==71J A5

4/71'(.6 6371' D51 27 &O70&O70 L F7''07 5/ I./0 7' L .HI7&'()70 =7 &.6B=(' &.61/H1'56'(7=

5/K 5&'()('#1 7' 5/K 07=5'(.61 27 '05)5(=J g6 =5 F5'(P07 &371' =3.&&/='5'(.6 ./ 1.6

07B./=7F76' 4/( 1.6' 2#=#'P071J E= 135>(' 23511/F70 1.6 7K(1'76&7 D./0 D./).(0 =72#D51170J @./0 &7 B5(07G (= B5/' .0>56(170 =5 &.6'0.)7017 5/'./0 2/ '05)5(= 27 4/5=('#J

e376>5>70 2561 /67 '7==7 &.6'0.)7017 6371' D51 1561 0(14/7J T5(1 &371' /6 0(14/76#&7115(07 D./0 07'0./)70 =5 )('5=('# 2/ '05)5(= &.==7&'(B *J

J') )'(*$) 9/* -./0(121($ 3) (*/2/1- 9-;(Q( :;) 9/* -/ 8);-) 9*$2)'(1+' 3)8 *18:;)89870R+%8+01/;S

A5 H.667 156'# 23/67 .0>56(15'(.6 27 '05)5(= 1/DD.17 27 D./).(0 (6'700.>70

&.==7&'()7F76' =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= L =3#&O7==7 23/6 170)(&7 ./ 23/6 #'5H=(117F76'J @0762071.(6 271 15=50(#1 &371' 235H.02 D076207 1.(6 271 F#'(701 7' 27 =7/01 &.62('(.61 27

2#)7=.DD7F76'J h561 =7 17&'7/0 271 170)(&71 L =5 D701.667 &371' 5/ F.(61 './' 5/'56'D076207 1.(6 271 &=(76'1 ./ 271 H#6#B(&(5(071J g6 7BB7'G &.FF7 =7 F.6'07 =37KD#0(76&7 27

=5 &=(6(4/7 27 =35&'()('#G 1( =71 /15>701 1.6' F5='05('#1 &371' 1./)76' D50&7 4/3.6

[ F5='05('7 235H.02 =7 F#'(70 \8J@./0 D076207 1.(6 27 =5 156'# 2/ '05)5(= 7' 271 15=50(#1G (= B5/' D./).(0 17 2#>5>70

23/67 [ &.6&7D'(.6 '.K(&.=.>(4/7 \ 271 [ "(14/71 @1N&O.$e.&(5/K \:;J h561 &7 F.2P=7 =5156'# D1N&O(4/7 271 '05)5(==7/01 1705(' F765 D50 271 0(14/71 4/( 1705(76' #4/()5=76'1

L &7/K D0#176'#1 D50 /6 6/5>7 '.K(4/7 c (= B5/205(' D./).(0 D0#)76(0 =71 7KD=.1(.61G

=(F('70 =71 7KD.1('(.61G 07D#070 7' 5&&.FD5>670 &7/K 4/( 5/05(76' /6 '7005(6 D=/1 B05>(=7

B5&7 L =5 '.K(&('# 7' #)76'/7==7F76' 2#1(6'.K(4/70 =71 D701.6671 5''7(6'71J S0G 6./11.FF71 &.6)5(6&/1 4/3/67 '7==7 &.6&7D'(.6 5 25)56'5>7 237BB7'1 2#=#'P071 4/7

D0#)76'(B1 ./ FRF7 &/05'(B1 c =71 D0.B711(.667=1 1.6' 76 7BB7' 76B70F#1 2561 /67 D.1'/07D511()7 4/( 7FDR&O7 6.'5FF76' 4/7 =7 '05)5(= 1.(' U0#$V(6'700.># &.==7&'()7F76'J

A5 156'# 5/ '05)5(= 17 I./7 5(61( 5/ 4/.'(2(76 2561 =5 H.667 156'# 23/6 &.==7&'(B 4/(71' 76 F71/07 27 D076207 1.(6 2/ '05)5(=G &7 4/( (FD=(4/7 17=.6 6./1G 27 D076207

&.61&(76&7 271 '761(.61G 271 F.'()5'(.61 7' 271 &.6&7D'(.61 4/( 1./1$'76276' =35&'()('#

27 &O5&/6J

* -.FF7 =7 6.'7 1( I/1'7F76' `)71 -=.' c [ h561 =7 F.627 D0.B711(.667=G =7 1(=76&7 1/0 =5 4/71'(.6 27 =5

4/5=('# 2/ '05)5(= D7/' 17 B5(07 511./02(1156'J W5/'$(= &.=F5'70 =71 0(14/71 27 =5 2(1D/'7 D0.B711(.667==7 n p7

&0.(1 5/ &.6'05(07 4/7 =7 D=5(1(0 27 07'0./)70 =5 )('5=('# &.==7&'()7 27 =35&'()('# D5117 (6#)('5H=7F76' 5/11(

D50 /6 2#D=5(1(0 c &7=/( 27 =376>5>7F76' 2#=(H#0# 2561 =7 2#&O(BB05>7 D5'(76' 271 F56(P071 2(BB#076'71 27

B5(07 =5 FRF7 &O.17G &7=/( 27 =3(6)76'5(07 271 4/71'(.61 27 F#'(70 =5(11#71 76 I5&OP07G &7=/( 271 2(BB#07621

D0.B711(.667=1 07&./)70'1 D50 =71 O(1'.(071 4/7 =3.6 17 05&.6'7G =71 )701(.61 5/'.0(1#71 7' =71 2(1&./01

07H5''/1 4/( 27)(76676' =71 o=(>671 T5>(6.'3 27 =5 156'# 5/ '05)5(=J \ i -ASf `)71G 9;:;G 2, &70(0'8 ; %*:7 ,+ ?'+'7 0(,% 8,. 7'.9:,. @.1%A*.*%'0:B5 @50(1G A5 h#&./)70'7G DJ :,a8 T5=(r5 AEfET 7' l5'(5 lSefbAelEG oA7 2(5>6.1'(& 23/67 5&'()('# &.FD=7K7 76 >#0(5'0(73G D*:(,88, 7,(:, 4,

@.1%A*8*6',5 :G 9;;+G DJ ZZ$aa i DJ a: :; -ASf `)71G 9;:;G 2, &70(0'8 ; %*:7 ,+ ?'+'7 0(,% 8,. 7'.9:,. @.1%A*.*%'0:B5 @50(1G A5 h#&./)70'7J


6/21

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;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 + 1/0 9:

A+(*) 0+'0)9(1+' 3) -./00+=9/,')=)'(

h561 =7 20.(' B(= 27 6.'07 &.6&7D'(.6 27 =35&'()('#G 6./1 67 &.6&7).61 D51 =71(6'70)76'(.61 4/7 6./1 D0.D.1.61 &.FF7 &7==71 237KD70'1 4/( D0.D.1705(76' 271

1.=/'(.61 &=#1 76 F5(6 &.61'0/('71 23/67 D.1('(.6 27 1/0D=.FHJ Q.'07 (6'70)76'(.6

'0./)7 15 =#>('(F('# 2561 =5 &.6)(&'(.6 4/7 =71 D0.B711(.667=1 2(1D.176' 27&.665(1156&71G 27 &.FD#'76&71 7' 27 &.6&7D'(.61 =#>('(F71 27 =7/01 D0.D071 D05'(4/71

7' 4/7 B5&7 5/K 2(BB(&/='#1 4/3#D0./)7 /6 &.==7&'(B (= 135>(' 27 =35(270 L '0./)70 271

0711./0&71 (6'70671 D./0 1.(>670 =7 '05)5(=J Q.'07 5&&.FD5>67F76' &7117 5(61( 4/562 =7&.==7&'(B 71' D50)76/ L U0#$V(61'5/070 27 F56(P07 5/'.6.F7 7' D#07667 /67 U0#$V

(6'700.>5'(.6 &.6'(6/7 27 =35&'()('#JQ./1 0#&/1.61 =71 5DD0.&O71 4/( D0#'76276' 076'5H(=(170 271 >0(==71 23565=N17

D0#&.61'0/('71 27 F56(P07 2#&.6'7K'/5=(1#7 7' &761#71 D./).(0 135DD=(4/70 27 F56(P07

D.=N)5=76'7 1/0 271 '7005(61 B.0F76' 1(6>/=(701J h7 FRF7 07B/1.61$6./1 27 6./1&5&O70 2700(P07 /6 B.0F5=(1F7 D0./05= 4/( D0.2/(' 271 D0#&.6(15'(.61 D#07FD'.(071

B.0F/=#71 2561 /6 ).&5H/=5(07 D=/1 ./ F.(61 1./F(1 5/K F.271 2/ F.F76'J::

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A5 2#F50&O7 4/7 6./1 D0.D.1.61 07D.17 1/0 /67 &=(6(4/7 1(6>/=(P07 27=3(6'70)76'(.6 4/( 1/DD.17 /67 565=N17 F(6/'(7/17 27 1('/5'(.61 D50'(&/=(P071 27

'05)5(=:9J h561 /67 2#F50&O7 &=(6(4/7 (= 135>(' 27 D0.2/(07 27 =5 &.665(1156&7 F5(1 76

135BB056&O(1156' =50>7F76' 23/67 &.6&7D'(.6 D.1('()(1'7 76B70F#7 2561 =7 &50&56 27 =5F#'O.2.=.>(7 OND.'O#'O(&.$2#2/&'()7 7' =5 D511(.6 D./0 =71 =.>(4/71 27 1N1'PF7:?J

h561 6.1 (6'70)76'(.61G =7 [ 15).(0 \ 65C' 27 =5 &=(6(4/7:Z c =71 1('/5'(.61 27 '05)5(= 6715/05(76' R'07 5DD0#O762#71 &.FF7 271 (==/1'05'(.61 ./ 271 &51 7K7FD=5(071 D0./)56'

/6 15).(0 D0#$&.61'0/(' 1/0 =5 H517 23/6 5DD507(==5>7 'O#.0(4/7 5/11( 1.DO(1'(4/# 1.('$(= c7==71 &.61'('/76' 271 &.6'7K'71 1('/#1 23#=5H.05'(.6 27 0#D.6171G 27 &0(1'5==(15'(.6 27

D05'(4/71 7' 27 F56(P071 27 B5(07J e( 6.'07 2#F50&O7 71' &=(6(4/7 &371' 5/11( D50&7 4/37==7

135BB056&O(' 271 2#F50&O71 27 &.617(= .M =37KD70' 71' &7=/( 4/( 71' 1/DD.1# 15).(0 c (=135>(' 27 &.D0.2/(07 =5 &.FD0#O761(.6 2/ 1761 271 &.62/('71 76 1('/5'(.6 5)7& =71 1/I7'1

:: AgW"%Q-m e'#DO567G U9;;*V 9;:;G [ E= 6./1 B5/' /6 &.61/='56' s \ (6 -0(T U-0('(4/7 7'T565>7F76'Vd@gkgf %667 t e@SQgT e5F/7= Uh(0JVG >,&'& -7"('0'7, 4,. '4",. 7,E:,. ,+ C0+06,C,+&5@50(1G A5 h#&./)70'7G DDJ +:$+9J :9 AEfET T5=(r5G [ A3(65''762/ 27 =3(6'70)76'(.6 c /6 F.N76 27 &.665(1156&7 \G (6 -ASf `)71G AXbEAEg"

h.F(6(4/7 U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;:;V 9;:aG $6'7 ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'85 f./=./17G #0P1G DDJ 8a$:;a i DJ 8aJ:? AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7G U9;;+V 9;:aG [ -=(6(4/71 2/ '05)5(= \G (6 -ASf `)71 7' AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;;+V 9;:a&G >,7.@,%&'(,. ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'8 G f./=./17G #0P1 i UA71 '7K'71 1.6' D50/1(6('(5=7F76' 2561 =7 2.11(70 [ @701D7&'()71 76 &=(6(4/7 2/ '05)5(= \ 2/ 6u: 27 =5 D*:(,88, 7,(:, 4,

@.1%A*8*6',G 9;;+VG DDJ 9Z+$9+8 i DJ 9a;J :Z WSb-%bAf T(&O7=G U:8+?V 9;:9G D0'..0+%, 4, 80 %8'+'9:,5 @50(1G @bWG &.==J [ m/520(>7 \J


7/21

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;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 , 1/0 9:

(FD=(4/#1 2561 =35&'()('#:aJ Q.'07 2#F50&O7 71' 76B(6 &=(6(4/7 D50&7 4/3(= 135>(' 27

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A.01 27 =5 DO517 27 =3565=N17 27 =5 1('/5'(.6 27 2#D50'G 27 2(5>6.1'(&G (= 135>(' 5(61(

27 2#D51170 =7 07&/7(= 271 #)76'/7=1 F564/71 U[ F564/7 27 &.FF/6(&5'(.6 \G [ F564/727 D0.B711(.665=(1F7 \G [ F564/7 27 &.O#076&7 \G [ F564/7 27 &.O#1(.6 \G 7'&JV 4/(

(05(76' L =376&.6'07 23/6 &.61761/1 B56'51F#G D./0 5H.0270 237FH=#7G 27 D=5(6 D(72G =71

&.6B=('1 5/'./0 2/ '05)5(= 7'd./ 2/ 170)(&7 0762/ L =3/15>70 ./ 5/ &=(76'J g6 235/'071'70F71G (= 135>(' 27 '0561B.0F70G D50 7K7FD=7G =5 4/71'(.6 [ D./04/.( 63500()7$'$.6 D=/1 L

17 D50=70 n \ U4/( 5DD7==705(' &.FF7 0#D.617 1(FD=(1'7G (= 1/BB(05(' 27 [ 0#5DD076207 L13#&./'70 7' L 17 071D7&'70 \V 76 /67 1#0(7 27 4/71'(.61 4/( D70F7''76' 27 F7''07

=35&'()('# 7' 171 &.6B=('1 5/ &76'07 2/ 4/71'(.667F76'G D50 7K7FD=7 c [ 4/35''762 &O5&/6

23/67 0#/6(.6 27 1N6'OP17 n \G [ 4/371'$&7 4/3/67 (6B.0F5'(.6 &.6B(276'(7==7 n \G[ &.FF76' D076207 /67 2#&(1(.6 76 =35H176&7 23/6 '(701 n \G 7'&J

WXY

:a AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7G U9;;+V 9;:aG [ -=(6(4/71 2/ '05)5(= \G (6 -ASf `)71 7' AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;;+V 9;:a&G >,7.@,%&'(,. ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'8 G f./=./17G #0P1 i UA71 '7K'71 1.6' D50/1(6('(5=7F76' 2561 =7 2.11(70 [ @701D7&'()71 76 &=(6(4/7 2/ '05)5(= \ 2/ 6u: 27 =5 D*:(,88, 7,(:, 4,

@.1%A*8*6',G 9;;+VG DDJ 9Z+$9+8 i DJ 9a;J :+ -ASf `)71G Ag@A%f p5&4/71G [ A5 F#'O.27 &=(6(4/7 76 70>.6.F(7 7' 76 D1N&O.=.>(7 2/ '05)5(=J \G 2,&70(0'8 A:C0'+ Zd9;;a U_.=J +*V G DJ 9*8$?:+ b"A c jjjJ&5(06J(6B.d07)/7$=7$'05)5(=$O/F5(6$9;;a$Z$D5>7$9*8JO'FJ hSE c :;J?8:,d'OJ+*ZJ;9*8J


8/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 * 1/0 9:

6'/-78)* -)8 9*/(1:;)8 9*+ 3;9*+?)( 1'8(1(;(1+'')- )( 3) -.$2/-;/(1+' 3;8)*210) *)'3;

% =3.0(>(67 (61'0/F76' 27 B.0F5'(.6G O(1'.0(4/7F76' &7==7271 F#27&(61 2561 =71 D5N1 56>=.$15K.61G =3565=N17 271

D05'(4/71 D0.B711(.667==71 D7/' #>5=7F76' R'07 &.6v/7&.FF7 /6 (61'0/F76' D0()(=#>(# 23(6'70)76'(.6 5/ 170)(&7

2/ 2#)7=.DD7F76' 27 =35&'()('# 271 &.==7&'(B1 27 '05)5(= 7'

2/ 170)(&7 4/7 2.()76' 076207 =71 (61'('/'(.61J h561 =717&'7/0 1.&(5= 7' F#2(&.$1.&(5=G 7==7 &.61'('/7 /67 F.25=('#

D0()(=#>(#7 27 1./'(76 5/K D0.B711(.667=1 '7= 4/3(= 71'23.071 7' 2#IL 0762/ .H=(>5'.(07 D./0 =71 15=50(#1 271 E61'('/'1 fO#05D7/'(4/71 g2/&5'(B1

7' @#25>.>(4/71 UEfg@V:,J %/$27=L 271 .H=(>5'(.61 =#>5=71 76 )(>/7/0G =3565=N17 271

D05'(4/71 71' 5F76#7 L .&&/D70 /67 D=5&7 27 &O.(K 2561 =71 >056271 .0(76'5'(.61

2#B(6(71 5/11( H(76 76 '70F71 27 2#)7=.DD7F76' 27 =5 156'# 5/ '05)5(= U>80+ .0+&" 0:&70(0'8 FGHI#FGFGV:* 4/7 27 2#)7=.DD7F76' 1.&(5= U2*' +JFGGF#F 4: F K0+(',7 FGGF7"+*(0+& 8L0%&'*+ .*%'08, ,& C"4'%*#.*%'08, 7' >80+ 4L0%&'*+ ,+ ?0(,:7 4: &70(0'8 .*%'08 ,& 4:4"(,8*@@,C,+& .*%'08 :8VJ

-71 .0(76'5'(.61 =#>5=71 7' 0#>=7F76'5(071 &.6)70>76'71 6./1 &.6B.0'76' 25616.'07 ).=.6'# 235(270 5/ 2#)7=.DD7F76' 27 D05'(4/71 235&&.FD5>67F76' 271

D0.B711(.667=1 7' 271 #4/(D71 4/( F7''76' =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= 5/ &76'07 27 =5 0#B=7K(.6J

h561 /6 76)(0.667F76' =#>(1=5'(B 7' 0#>=7F76'5(07 &.FD=7K7G 2561 =3#=50>(117F76' 271B.6&'(.61 4/7 2.()76' 07FD=(0 =71 D0.B711(.667=1 2/ 17&'7/0 ./ 76&.07 2561 =5

:,

A350'(&=7 h?:9$a8$:+ 2/ -.27 27 =3%&'(.6 e.&(5=7 7' 271 W5F(==71 U-0## D50 h#&07' 6u9;;a$:: 2/ +I56)(70 9;;a $ 50'J : pS"W * I56)(70 9;;aV 1'(D/=7 c[ Aw#'5H=(117F76' 2#)7=.DD7 271 F.271 27 1./'(76 5/K D0.B711(.667=1J -71 1./'(761 D7/)76'

D076207 6.'5FF76' =5 B.0F7 2w5&'(.61 27 1/D70)(1(.61 7' 2w565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 F76#71 D50 271D0.B711(.667=1 2(1'(6&'1 27 &7/K 5DD50'7656' L =w#4/(D7 'O#05D7/'(4/7J \

:* A7 T(6(1'P07 2/ f05)5(=G 27 =3gFD=.(G 27 =5 W.0F5'(.6 @0.B711(.667==7 7' 2/ h(5=.>/7 e.&(5= 2561 1.6>80+ .0+&" 0: &70(0'8 FGHI#FGFG 5 6.'5FF76' B(K# &.FF7 .HI7&'(B =3 [ 5DD0.D0(5'(.6 D50 './1 =71 5&'7/0123/67 &/='/07 27 D0#)76'(.6G B.62#7 5)56' './' 1/0 =35&'(.6 &.6&0P'7 L D50'(0 271 1('/5'(.61 27 '05)5(=

0#7==71 7' 6.6 17/=7F76' 1/0 =5 F(17 76 &.6B.0F('# 5)7& =5 =#>(1=5'(.6J \ A3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 4/7 6./1

D0.D.1.61 07D.17 I/1'7F76' 1/0 =5 0#B=7K(.6 L D50'(0 27 1('/5'(.61 0#7==71 27 '05)5(=J:8 Q.1 (6'70)76'(.61 56'(&(D76' =7 2#)7=.DD7F76' 27 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 )./=/ D50 =7 Y./)7067F76' L=5 F71/07 8 2/ >80+ 4L0%&'*+ ,+ ?0(,:7 4: &70(0'8 .*%'08 ,& 4: 4"(,8*@@,C,+& .*%'08 U9:J:;J9;:aV c

[ T71/07 8 c "7&.665C'07 =7 '05)5(= 76 0#175/ 7' =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 2561 =7 &5207

23/67 &O50'7 2376>5>7F76' 271 7FD=.N7/01 D/H=(&1 7' D0()#1J \


9/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 8 1/0 9:

&.FD=7K(B(&5'(.6 271 B.6&'(.61 27 &..02(65'(.6G =71 D0.B711(.667=1G N &.FD0(1 &7/K 27

=376&5207F76'G 2.()76' D./).(0 2#)7=.DD70 =7/01 &.FD#'76&71 7' =7/0 &5D5&('# 27 '05)5(=76 #4/(D7J h561 =3.0(76'5'(.6 4/7 6./1 2#B762.61G (= 135>(' 27 2#D=(70 =3#D5(117/0 271

D05'(4/71 76 D50'56' 271 1('/5'(.61 27 '05)5(= D./0 B5).0(170 =5 0#B=7K()('# (62()(2/7==7 7'

&.==7&'()7J -.6B.0F#F76' L =3.HI7&'(B 27 2#)7=.DD70 =5 4/5=('# 2/ 170)(&7 0762/ 5/K

D701.6671 5&&.FD5>6#71 7' B5).0(170 1.6 #)5=/5'(.6G 6.1 B.0F5'(.61 7' (6'70)76'(.61 671.6' D51 &76'0#71 1/0 =5 >71'(.6 271 5BB7&'1 D50 =71 D0.B711(.667=1 F5(1 1/0

=3.HI7&'()5'(.6 271 D05'(4/71 7' 271 &.6B=('1 5/'./0 2/ '05)5(= [ H(76 B5(' \J

JAD 6A6MTLD UD M.6VW&X&WD Y#&LD U6AL UDL 6FFDVWL DW AIA JAD 6A6MTLD UDL6FFDVWL ZJ& DAW#6XD#6&DAW MD W#6X6&M

h561 =7 17&'7/0 1.&(5= 7' F#2(&.$1.&(5=G =5 27F5627 23565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 65C'

1./)76' 23/67 1./BB056&7 D0.B711(.667==7 5DD0#O762#7 76 '70F71 23#D/(17F76' ./ 27

&0(17 2561 =7 B.6&'(.667F76' 27 =3#4/(D79;J @07656' 5&'7 23/67 07=5'(.6 #D0./)56'7 5/K/15>701G =3(6'70)7656' D0.D.17 >#6#05=7F76' /67 565=N17 27 =3(FD=(&5'(.6 5BB7&'()7 271

D0.B711(.667=1 7' /6 1./'(76 L =3#4/(D7 D./0 '0./)70 /67 [ H.667 2(1'56&7 \ )(1$L$)(1235/'0/(9:J

S0G D./0 6./1G =71 )70'/1 27 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 67 17 0#2/(176' 6( L =5

4/71'(.6 27 =5 1./BB056&7 D0.B711(.667==7G 6( L &7==7 27 =5 0#>/=5'(.6 27 =3(FD=(&5'(.65BB7&'()7J Q./1 &.61(2#0.61 FRF7 4/3/67 F.H(=(15'(.6 (61'0/F76'5=7 27 =3565=N17 271

D05'(4/71 D./0 &71 17/=1 .HI7&'(B1 135)P07 &.6'07$D0.2/&'()7J g6 7BB7'G =5 1./BB056&7 5/'05)5(= 76>5>7 =5 4/71'(.6 27 '0./H=71 2561 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= 4/( 67 15/05(76' R'07

0#1.=/7 D50 =5 1(FD=7 D0.D.1('(.6 23/6 71D5&7 &.6v/ &.FF7 /6 71D5&7 27 D50.=7 4/(

0(14/7 27 27)76(0 05D(27F76' /6 71D5&7 27 B0/1'05'(.6G '562(1 4/7 =5 4/71'(.6 27

=3(FD=(&5'(.6 5BB7&'()7 0(14/7 23R'07 &.(6 76'07 05DD7=1 27 1761 &.FF/61 Ux(= B5/'D076207 27 =5 2(1'56&7yV 7' (6)('5'(.6 L &.61/='70 76 &5H(67' D0()# B5&7 L 271 7K(>76&71 27

'7FD#056&7 271 5BB7&'1JQ.'07 7KD#0(76&7 27 =5 B.0F5'(.6 (6('(5=7G 27 =5 B.0F5'(.6 &.6'(6/7 7' 27 =3565=N17

271 D05'(4/71 6./1 D70F7' 27 D0.F./).(0 /67 2#F50&O7 56&0#7 2561 /67 &.6&7D'(.6&=(6(4/7 27 =35&'()('#J h561 &7''7 D701D7&'()7G 1( =71 5BB7&'1 1.6' H(76 5/ &z/0 27 './'7

5&'()('# 27 '05)5(=G 6./1 &.61(2#0.61 4/3(= 67 135>(' D51 27 F7''07 5/ &76'07 27 =3565=N17

=71 5BB7&'1 U271 5BB7&'1 )('7 076).N#1 5/K 2(1D.1('(.61 &505&'#0(7==71 27 &O5&/6 ./ L=3O(1'.(07 27 171 '05/F5'(1F71 7' #)76'/7==71 0#1(=(76&71VG F5(1 H(76 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(=

5)7& =71 5BB7&'1 4/37==7 (FD=(4/7 (6#)('5H=7F76'J %/'07F76' 2('G =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71

B./06(' =3.&&51(.6 D0()(=#>(#7 27 07F7''07 =35&'()('# 5/ &z/099 27 =5 F.H(=(15'(.6 271

D0.B711(.667=1 ./ 23/6 &.==7&'(B 27 '05)5(=J g6 &7 1761 =5 0#>/=5'(.6 271 5BB7&'1 271D0.B711(.667=1 6371' H(76 #)(27FF76' D51 .&&/='#7 2561 =3(6'70)76'(.6G F5(1 =71#F.'(.61 67 1.6' D51 50'(B(&(7==7F76' 2#'5&O#71 2/ 1.(6 4/3(= B5/' 5DD.0'70 5/ '05)5(=J

9; TEQ%"` p756$@(7007G [ -.==7&'(B1 27 '05)5(= 2561 =71 (FD.11(H=71 F#'(701 27 =5 07=5'(.6 L =35/'07 \G (6

-ASf `)71 7' AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7 U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;;+V 9;:aG >,7.@,%&'(,. ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'8 Gf./=./17G #0P1G DDJ ::Z$:?+ i DJ ::aJ9: TEQ%"` p756$@(7007G [ -.==7&'(B1 27 '05)5(= 2561 =71 (FD.11(H=71 F#'(701 27 =5 07=5'(.6 L =35/'07 \G (6

-ASf `)71 7' AXbEAEg" h.F(6(4/7 U1./1 =5 2(0J 27VG U9;;+V 9;:aG >,7.@,%&'(,. ,+ %8'+'9:, 4: &70(0'8 Gf./=./17G #0P1G DDJ ::Z$:?+ i DJ ::a$::+99 @./0 07D076207 =37KD0711(.6 23`)71 -=.' c -ASf `)71G 9;:;G 2, &70(0'8 ; %*:7 ,+ ?'+'7 0(,% 8,.7'.9:,. @.1%A*.*%'0:B5 @50(1G A5 h#&./)70'7J


10/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :; 1/0 9:

h561 &7''7 F71/07 6./1 6./1 1('/.61 &=5(07F76' 2561 /67 .0(76'5'(.6 4/( D0762 D./0.HI7' D0(6&(D5= =7 '05)5(=G 2(1'(6>/#7 23/67 5DD0.&O7 4/( D0()(=#>(7 =71 2(F761(.61

07=5'(.667==71J9?

J') /'/-78) *)8(1(;$) 3/'8 ;' )89/0) 3) 0+'(4/71 76 '761(.6 c =5 6#&7115(07 &.6B(276'(5=('# 271 D0.D.1 '76/1 D50 =71

D0.B711(.667=1 4/562 (=1 './&O76' L =3(6'(F7 7' =71 (6'700.>5'(.61 =#>('(F71 271 2(07&'(.61D./0 &7 4/( 71' 27 =5 &.6'0(H/'(.6 27 &71 71D5&71 27 D50.=7G 2714/7=1 7==71 1.6' 7K&=/71G

5/ '05)5(= &.==7&'(BJ

A5 &.6B(276'(5=('# F5(6'76/7 L =3(6'#0(7/0 2/ >0./D7 2.(' R'07 D0#170)#7J e(=3565=N17 6371' D51 &76'0#7 1/0 =71 5BB7&'1G (=1 1/0>(1176' 6#&7115(07F76'G 7' /6

D0.B711(.667= 2.(' R'07 D0.'#># 271 &.61#4/76&71 4/7 D./005(76' 5).(0 171 D0.D.1 2561

/6 5/'07 71D5&7 ] 4/562 (= &.6B(7 D50 7K7FD=7 5).(0 7/ D7/0 27 15 )(.=76&7 2561&70'5(671 1('/5'(.61J

-70'5(671 2#F50&O71 235&&.FD5>67F76' '0561B.0F76' D./0'56' &7''7&.6B(276'(5=('# 76 2.>F7 4/( 6./1 17FH=7 ./'07D51170 =50>7F76' &7 D./04/.( 7==7 2.('

R'07 D0#170)#7J A371D5&7 23565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 17 ).(' 5(61( 500(F# L /67 0P>=7 27

17&07' D0.B711(.667= &.61'0/('7 1/0 &7==7 2/ 17&07' F#2(&5= c 27 &7 4/( 13#&O56>7 2561 &7'71D5&7 27 D50.=7 =71 2(07&'(.61 7' &O7B1 27 170)(&7 67 2.()76' 0(76 15).(0G D51 FRF7 =71

5)56G #)76'/7==71 2561 =5 2N65F(4/7 27 >0./D7J A371D5&7 23565=N17 71' 5(61(

&.61'0/(' 76 &('527==7 L =3(6'#0(7/0 271 (61'('/'(.61 =L .M (= 71' D./0'56' 5/ 170)(&7 271D05'(4/71 D0.B711(.667==71 4/( &.6&70676' 2(07&'7F76' =376&5207F76'J Q.'07 7KD#0(76&7

27 B.0F5'7/01 6./1 5 0762/ './' 5/'56' 1761(H=71 L =5 B0#4/76'7 B0/1'05'(.6 071176'(7 D50=71 D0.B711(.667=1 D50'(&(D56' L 271 565=N171 27 D05'(4/7 &.6v/71 &.FF7 #'56&O71 D50

05DD.0' 5/ 071'7 27 =35&'()('# 2561 =3(61'('/'(.6J Q./1 76'762.61 1./)76'G 76 1/H1'56&7 c

[ S6 D50=7G .6 D50=7G F5(1 0(76 67 &O56>7G &7=5 67 170' L 0(76 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 \J e(6./1 076).N.61 &71 D0.B711(.667=1 5/ B5(' 4/7 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 67 15/05('

&.61'('/70 /6 71D5&7 27 07)762(&5'(.6 1/0 =71 &.62('(.61 27 '05)5(= D./0 =71 15=50(#1D5==(56' /6 #)76'/7= 2#B5/' 2371D5&7 27 2(1&/11(.6 15'(1B5(156' 5)7& =376&5207F76'G 6./1

5).61 &.61&(76&7 4/7 &7''7 0#D.617 6371' D51 15'(1B5(156'7J e( 0(76 67 &O56>7 2561 =5

F56(P07 27 &.61(2#070 1.6 '05)5(= 2561 =350'(&/=5'(.6 L &7=/( 271 5/'071G L 4/.( 170' 767BB7' /67 565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 n

Q./1 5).61 5(61( =5 &.6)(&'(.6 4/7 4/7=4/7 &O.17 2.(' D./).(0 17 '0561F7''07 27

=3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71J e( =371D5&7 23565=N17 2.(' D70F7''07 27 2#)7=.DD70 =7 F#'(70 27D0.B711(.667=1 0#/6(1 76'07 D5(01 ./ =5 &.6'0.)7017 1/0 =7 '05)5(= 76'07 =71 F7FH071 23/6

&.==7&'(B 27 '05)5(=G =5 0#$(6'700.>5'(.6 27 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= 67 D7/' R'07 &56'.66#7 L &7'71D5&7J A3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 2.(' D./).(0 5=(F76'70 =5 &.6'0.)7017 D=/1 =50>7 1/0 =7

'05)5(= [ H(76 B5(' \ 4/( &.6&7067 H(76 #)(27FF76' =376&5207F76' 7' =71 2(07&'(.61J

S0G 1( 4/7=4/7 &O.17 D7/' 17 2(07 5/$27=L 27 =371D5&7 27 D50.=7G &371' 235/'56' D=/1B5&(=7F76' 4/7 6.1 (6'70)76'(.61 1.6' &76'0#71 1/0 =7 '05)5(= 7' 6.6 1/0 =71 5BB7&'1 ./ =71

9? @./0 07D076207 =5 2(1'(6&'(.6 .D#0#7 D50 h.F(6(4/7 W5H=7'G W%


11/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :: 1/0 9:

07=5'(.61 5BB7&'()71 (6'70D701.667==71 ] &71 27/K 2706(P071 2(F761(.61 27)56' &.6'(6/70

L 07=7)70 27 =5 &.6B(276'(5=('#JQ.'07 5DD0.&O7 D70F7' 5(61( =5 071'('/'(.6 271 0#1/='5'1 27 =3565=N17 L

=376&5207F76' ./ 5/K 2(07&'(.61J -7''7 071'('/'(.6 D7/' R'07 .05=7 ./ #&0('7G F5(1 2561 =71

27/K &51 511.&(70 27 F56(P07 76'(P07 =7 >0./D7 27 D50.=7J e( =5 071'('/'(.6 71' .05=7G =7

>0./D7 67 D./005 4/3R'07 D0#176' D./0 R'07 0511/0# 7' 13511/070 4/7 6./1 071D7&'.61 =5&.6B(276'(5=('# 271 5BB7&'1 7' =5 65'/07 2/ '05)5(= 7BB7&'/#J e( =5 071'('/'(.6 71' #&0('7G =71

F7FH071 2/ >0./D7 D50'(&(D76' L =5 0#25&'(.6 ./ )5=(276' =7 2.&/F76' 4/7 6./1 5/0.610#2(># 76 '56' 4/3(6'70)7656'1J

LIJW&DA 6J U[XDMIYYDCDAW UJ C[W&D# \FI#C6W&IA VIAW&AJD] DW LIJW&DA6J VIMMDVW&F UD W#6X6&M \&AWD#XDAW&IA]

A3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 71' &=511(4/7F76' &.61(2#0#7 &.FF7 /67 F.25=('# 27B.0F5'(.6J -371' 235(==7/01 76 D50'(7 2561 =7 &5207 27 B.0F5'(.61 (6('(5=71 7' &.6'(6/71

4/7 6./1 5).61 2#)7=.DD# &7''7 F.25=('# 27 =35&&.FD5>67F76' 271 D0.B711(.667=1J E=B5/' D./0'56' D./).(0 2(1'(6>/70 =71 F.25=('#1 27 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 2561 /6 &5207

B.0F5'(B 7' &7==71 D0.D071 L /67 (6'70)76'(.6 5/D0P1 23/6 &.==7&'(B &.61'('/# 27 '05)5(=9ZJ

L+;(1)' /; 3$2)-+99)=)'( 3)8 =$(1)*8 \(' 235&&.FD5>670 ./ 27 1./'76(0 =5 &.61'0/&'(.6 27

=5 [ D701.665=('# D0.B711(.667==7 \G ).(07 15 [ '0561B.0F5'(.6 \ 2561 =7 ).&5H/=5(07 27h.F(6(4/7 W5H=7' 9aJ h561 =5 )7(67 23`)71 -=.'G 6./1 D50=.61 D=/1 ).=.6'(701 27 1./'(76

5/ 2#)7=.DD7F76' 2/ F#'(70 2561 15 4/520/D=7 2(F761(.6 $ D701.667==7G

(6'70D701.667==7G '0561D701.667==7 7' (FD701.667==79+JA7 F#'(70 (FD=(4/7 /67 2(F761(.6 D701.667==7 76 &7 4/3(= 71' D.0'# 7' 6./00( D50

271 1/I7'1 1(6>/=(701 4/( =7 B.6' )()07 2561 271 1('/5'(.61 1(6>/=(P071J E= (FD=(4/7 './'5/'56' /67 2(F761(.6 (6'70D701.667==7 76 &7 4/7 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= 71' './I./01G 23/67

F56(P07 D=/1 ./ F.(61 2(07&'7G 520711#7 L 5/'0/(J A7 F#'(70 6371' D51 F.(61

9Z W%


12/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :9 1/0 9:

'0561D701.667= 5/ 1761 .M (= (FD=(4/7 /67 O(1'.(07 &.==7&'()7 4/( &.FD.0'7 6.'5FF76'

&7==7 271 1.=/'(.61 D=/1 ./ F.(61 >#6#05=(15H=71 D./0 271 1('/5'(.61 27 '05)5(= D=/1 ./F.(61 '0561D.15H=71J A7 F#'(70 71' 76B(6 (FD701.667= 2561 =71 2(F761(.61 D0.D071 L =5

2#B(6('(.6 271 B.6&'(.61 7' 271 '|&O71 D071&0('71 5/ 17(6 23/67 .0>56(15'(.6J

g6 565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 0#/6(1156' 271 D0.B711(.667=1 23/6 FRF7 F#'(70G 6./1

D0.D.1.61 5(61( 5/K F7FH071 23/6 >0./D7 27 2#)7=.DD70 =7/01 &.FD#'76&71 76 =7/0D70F7''56' 27 6./00(0 5/ F(7/K =7 F#'(70 './' 76 &.6'(6/56' L R'07 6./00(1 D50 =/(J

A371D5&7 23565=N17 D0.D.17 5(61( /67 1('/5'(.6 .D'(F5=7 D./0 2#)7=.DD70 6.6 17/=7F76'&O5&/67 271 4/5'07 2(F761(.61 2/ F#'(70 F5(1 #>5=7F76' =7/0 50'(&/=5'(.6J @./0 /67

=50>7 D50'G =3565=N17 D0762 =5 B.0F7 23/67 &.6B0.6'5'(.6G 1561 5BB0.6'7F76'G 76'07 D5(01271 2(BB#076'71 F56(P071 27 B5(07 B5&7 5/K FRF71 1('/5'(.61 ./ L 271 1('/5'(.61

17FH=5H=71J -O54/7 D50'(&(D56' '0./)7 5(61( 271 0711./0&71 D./0 2#)7=.DD70 15 D0.D07

D05'(4/7 ] 6.6 D51 #)(27FF76' 76 7FD0/6'56' 271 D05'(4/71 D./0 =71 2/D=(4/70 F5(1 76D50'(&(D56' L =5 &.61'0/&'(.6 &.==7&'()7 23/6 >7607 D0.B711(.667= 4/( 1/DD.17 7' 1/DD.0'7

271 )50(56'71 1'N=(1'(4/719,Jh561 27 6.FH07/K &.6'7K'71 .0>56(15'(.667=1G &7 2#)7=.DD7F76' 2/ F#'(70

13.DP07 27 F56(P07 15'(1B5(156'7 1561 H71.(6 23/67 (6'70)76'(.6 7K'#0(7/07

235&&.FD5>67F76' ] =71 D5(01 .6' =5 D.11(H(=('# 27 [ D50=70 F#'(70 \ 27 F56(P070#>/=(P07 2561 271 71D5&71 7' 271 '7FD1 D=/1 ./ F.(61 (6B.0F7=1J h561 235/'071

&.6'7K'71G =7 2#)7=.DD7F76' 2/ F#'(70 71' 1(6>/=(P07F76' &.FD=(4/# 67 1705('$&7 4/376

05(1.6 27 =3.0>56(15'(.6 2/ '05)5(=J A37K(1'76&7 23#4/(D71 D=/0($D0.B711(.667==71 (FD=(4/7D50 7K7FD=7 =7 B5(' 4/7 =71 D0.B711(.667=1 D50'(&(D56' 23/6 FRF7 F#'(70 '05)5(==76'

F.(61 76'07 7/K 4/35)7& 271 D0.B711(.667=1 27 &52071 27 0#B#076&71 2(BB#076'1J E= D7/'5(61( 135)#070 6#&7115(07 23(61'('/70 /6 71D5&7 23#&O56>71 7' 27 &.6'0.)70171 76'07 D5(01

4/( D70F7''7 27 2#)7=.DD70 15 D0.B711(.665=('# 7' 6./00(0 =7 F#'(70J E= 67 135>('

#)(27FF76' D51 23(6&('70 L =5 B.0F5'(.6 23/67 4/7=&.64/7 B.0F7 27 &.0D.05'(1F7 c 2561

=71 >0./D71 27 D5(01 6./1 .0>56(1.61 =3#&O56>7 5/'./0 271 D05'(4/71 76 D07656' 1.(6235(270 L 2#&.61'0/(07 './'7 '76'5'(.6 27 07D=( (276'('5(07 1/0 /67 (2#.=.>(7 2#B761()7 2/

F#'(70 4/( 5FP6705(' /6 >0./D7 L &.61'0/(07 /67 1.=(250('# 50'(B(&(7==7F76' &.61'0/('71/0 =3O.1'(=('# &.6'07 235/'071 >0./D71 D0.B711(.667=1J A7 2#)7=.DD7F76' 5/ 17(6 23/6

F#'(70 67 2.(' #)(27FF76' D51 17 B5(07 5/ 2#'0(F76' 27 =5 6#&7115(07 &..D#05'(.6 D=/0($D0.B711(.667==7J @./0 5/'56'G 6./1 2#B762.61 =5 &.6)(&'(.6 4/3(= B5/' D./).(0 R'07

1.=(27F76' (61&0(' 2561 =3O(1'.(07 23/6 >7607 D0.B711(.667= 7' D50'(&(D70 27 1.6 5)76(0

D./0 D./).(0 13(61&0(07 27 F56(P07 &.61'0/&'()7 2561 /6 &.==7&'(B 27 '05)5(= D=/0($D0.B711(.667=J

Q./1 6./1 D.0'.61 >5056'1 27 =356.6NF5' 271 D701.6671 4/( 1.6' D50'(71D07656'71 271 1('/5'(.61 4/( D./00.6' R'07 #).4/#71 D50 =71 /671 7' =71 5/'071J A35&'()('#

27 '05)5(= #'56' 5/ &z/0 27 =3565=N17 2561 &7 &5207 B.0F5'(BG &7' 56.6NF5' 71' B5&(=('#J E=67 135>(' 76 7BB7' 76 5/&/6 &51 27 07B5(07 &.==7&'()7F76' =3565F6P17 271 1('/5'(.617KD.1#71 F5(1 H(76 23.0>56(170 =5 &.61'0/&'(.6 23/6 71D5&7 27 2(1&/11(.6 7' 23#)76'/7==7

&.6'0.)7017 1/0 =71 1.=/'(.61 D0.D071 5/ F#'(70J @50 7K7FD=7G /67 &.6'0.)7017 5/ 17(6

27 =371D5&7 27 =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 '7==7 4/7 6./1 =5 &.6&7).61 67 15/05(' D.0'70 1/0=3.0(>(67 271 '0./H=71 23/6 76B56' 5&&.FD5>6# D50 /6 D0.B711(.667= 4/( 7KD.1705(' =5

1('/5'(.6G F5(1 1/0 =5 F56(P07 235&&.FD5>670 &7' 76B56' 76 13(61&0()56' 2561 =3O(1'.(072/ F#'(70G N &.FD0(1 2561 171 (66.)5'(.61 &.6'7K'/7==71J @./0 &7 4/( 71' 27 =356(F5'(.6

271 #&O56>71G 6./1 6./1 D.0'.61 #)(27FF76' >5056'1 27 =5 H(76)7(==56&7 7' 2/ 071D7&'

9, -ASf `)71G 9;;*G P70(0'8 ,& @*:(*'7 4L06'7 G @50(1G @bWG &.==7&'(.6 [ A7 '05)5(= X/F5(6 \J


13/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :? 1/0 9:

4/7 &O5&/6 2.(' 5&&.0270 L =5 D50.=7 27 =35/'07G B5/'7 27 4/.( =71 =(761 27 &.6B(56&7

F(6(F5/K 67 15/05(76' R'07 #'5H=(1 D./0 =5 &.61'0/&'(.6 23/6 '05)5(= 27 >0./D7J

>*:7 :+ 0%%*C@06+,C,+& *@&'C085 8,. ."0+%,. 4*'(,+& .L'+.%7'7, 40+. :+,4:7", C'+'C08, 4L:+, 4,C'#K*:7+",5 ; :+, ?7"9:,+%, C'+'C08, C,+.:,88, *:

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

L+;(1)' /; 3$2)-+99)=)'( 3)8 =$(1)*8 \71 'O#.0(4/71 7' &.6&7D'/7=1G 6./1 0#&/1.61 =3(2#7 4/7 =71 B.6&'(.61

2376&5207F76' 076)7005(76' 1'0(&'7F76' L 271 4/71'(.61 27 &505&'P07 D701.667= $ =71[ 15).(01$R'071 \ 27 6.FH07/K 0#B#076'(7=1 27 B.0F5'(.6J gK70&70 /67 B.6&'(.6 27 &5207G

N &.FD0(1 27 &5207 2(0(>756'G &371' './' 5/'56' 13(61&0(07 2561 271 D05'(4/71 4/7 &7/K 4/(

1.6' (FD=(4/#1 2561 271 '|&O71 237K#&/'(.6J Q.'07 7KD#0(76&7 27 =5 B.0F5'(.6

D0.B711(.667==7G 1(6>/=(P07F76' &7==7 27 &O7B1 27 170)(&71G ./ 27 =35&&.FD5>67F76' 272(07&'(.61G 6./1 5 0762/1 D50'(&/=(P07F76' 1761(H=71 5/K =(F('71 271 (6I.6&'(.61 '(0#712/ 2(1&./01 F565>#0(5=J Q./1 635).61 5/&/6 2./'7 1/0 =7 B5(' 4/3/6 D701.667=

2376&5207F76' D/(117 R'07 D=5 76 1('/5'(.6 27 1./BB056&7 D0.B711(.667==7 ] N &.FD0(1

2561 271 D.1'71 L O5/'7 071D.615H(=('#J S0G &71 1('/5'(.61 27 1./BB056&7 1.6' '0.D1./)76' 05H5''/71 1/0 /67 B5==5&(7/17 4/71'(.6 27 4/5=('#1 D701.667==71 27 =75270 ] R'07

&5207 1/DD.1705(' D.11#270 [ /6 I7 67 15(1 4/.( \ 4/( #&O5DD705(' L =5 B.0F5'(.6J h561&7''7 &.6&7D'(.6G =5 B.0F5'(.6 17 0#1/F705(' L =5 1(FD=7 1#=7&'(.6 271 &505&'P071

2(1D.1#1 L 2(0(>70 c /6 &5207 7BB(&5&7 1705(' /6 &5207 4/( 5 0#/11(G &371'$L$2(07 4/( 5 0#/11(

L '76(0 =7 D.1'7G L 1/DD.0'70 =71 D0711(.61G L 17 F.6'070 [ 2(>67 23/6 &O7B \JQ./1 D0.F./).61 /67 &.6&7D'(.6 &.FD=P'7F76' 2(BB#076'7 271 &.FD#'76&71 L

2#)7=.DD70 7' 1./'76(0 2561 =71 B.6&'(.61 2376&5207F76'J h35/'56' D=/1 4/562 (= 135>('23/6 76&5207F76' 27 D0.K(F('#G &71 B.6&'(.61 >5>676' L R'07 56&0#71 2561 =5 F5C'0(1723/6 F#'(70 ./ 5/ F.(61 15 &.665(1156&7 =5 D=/1 (6'(F7 D.11(H=7J Q.'07 7KD#0(76&7 6./1

5 &.6)5(6&/1 4/376 =5 F5'(P07 =71 (6I.6&'(.61 &.FD=P'7F76' 2#'5&O#71 271 F#'(7017K70 1.6' 23/67 D(P'07 7BB(&5&('# ] 05DD7=70 5/K >761 4/3(=1 2.()76' B5(07 =7/0 '05)5(= ./

=71 B#=(&('70 D./0 =7 '05)5(= 7BB7&'/# 5 D7/ 27 1761 4/562 .6 (>6.07 './' 271 7K(>76&71 2/

F#'(70J Q./1 1.FF71 5(61( 271 D=/1 0#170)#1 B5&7 L &7/K 4/( &.61(2P076' 4/7 4/562 .615(' [ 2(0(>70 271 O.FF71 \ 2561 =7 &5207 23/67 5&'()('# D50'(&/=(P07 .6 15(' =71 2(0(>70

2561 63(FD.0'7 4/7==7 5&'()('#J

@./0 5/'56'G 6./1 1.FF71 5/ F.(61 './' 5/'56' 0#170)#1 L =3(2#7 4/3/67 F5C'0(17

#D0./)#7 ./ FRF7 &761#F76' D0./)#7 23/6 F#'(70 1/BB(17 L >5056'(0 =5 D.11(H(=('#


14/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :Z 1/0 9:

237K70&70 271 B.6&'(.61 2376&5207F76'J Q./1 1.FF71 FRF71 &.6)5(6&/1 4/37K70&70 27

'7==71 B.6&'(.61 1/DD.17 27 2#)7=.DD70 271 &.FD#'76&71 1D#&(B(4/71 4/(G 4/562 7==71B.6' 2#B5/'G 5=(F76'76' 271 1./BB056&71 D0.B711(.667==71 1D#&(B(4/71J

Q./1 &.61(2#0.61 5(61( 4/3(= B5/' D076207 5&'7 23/67 2./H=7 =.>(4/7 27

&.FD#'76&7 2/ D701.667= 2376&5207F76' c 271 &.FD#'76&71 2561 /6 F#'(70 27 H517 7'

271 &.FD#'76&71 &76'0#71 1/0 =376&5207F76'J9*J-7''7 50'(&/=5'(.6 &.FD=7K7 76'07 F#'(701 1D#&(B(4/71 7' B.6&'(.61 5 D0(.0( D=/1

>#6#0(4/7 2376&5207F76' 6./1 17FH=7 076207 235/'56' D=/1 D0#>656' =7 H71.(6 23/65&&.FD5>67F76' 1D#&(B(4/7J A71 &52071 2.()76' D./).(0 17 ).(0 .BB0(0 /6 &5207 27

2#)7=.DD7F76' 4/( 5&&/7(==7 =7/0 F#'(70G N &.FD0(1 7' 1/0'./' D./0 &7 4/( &.6&7067 =5'761(.6 6#&7115(07 76'07 1D#&(B(&('#1 271 F#'(701 4/3(=1 76&52076' 7' B.6&'(.6 >#6#0(4/7

2376&5207F76'J 5>676' 7/K 5/11( L R'07 5&&.FD5>6#1 76'07 D5(01J

!"##" %&'"(#)#'%( (%*+ +",-." /0)*#)(# 1.*+ (23"++)'&" 4*" .) 5%&,)#'%( /*1"&+%((". /0"(3)/&","(# /%'# +0%*6&'& 7 /"+ 5%(3#'%(+ &23"(#"+ #".."+ 4*" ." 1'.%#)8" /"1&%9"#+: ." #&)6)'. "( 1)"()&')# "# "( &2+")*: .026).*)#'%(: .) 3%(3"1#'%( /" (%*6".."+

,%/).'#2+ /0'(#"&6"(#'%( "( 1;)+" )6"3 .026%.*#'%( /"+ 1%.'#'4*"+ +%3')."+ "# ."+,*#)#'%(+ /"+ %&8)('+)#'%(+< !%,1#" #"(* /" .) /'6"&+'5'3)#'%( /"+ ,'++'%(+ )55"3#2"+)*= 3)/&"+ '(#"&,2/')'&"+ > 3%%&/'()#'%( /" +"&6'3": "(3)/&","(# /"+ 24*'1"+:,'++'%(+ )/,'('+#&)#'6"+: 5%(3#'%( /" /'&"3#'%( )/9%'(#"? > .) 5%&,)#'%( /%'# )*++'1"&,"##&" /" 1"(+"& .) /'6"&+'#2 /" .) 3;)@(" ;'2&)&3;'4*" /)(+ /"+ "(6'&%((","(#+3%,1."="+<

A71 #).=/'(.61 27 =5 27F5627 1.&(5=7 7' 271 D.=('(4/71 D/H=(4/71 076B.0G D50

=71 &.6'05(6'71 2/ &.6'7K'7 #&.6.F(4/7G =71 D.=('(4/71 '700('.0(5=71G =71 1&O#F510#>(.65/K ./ 2#D50'7F76'5/Kq .6' 76 7BB7' 271 (6&(276&71 1/0 =7 F565>7F76' 271

#'5H=(117F76'1 7' 271 170)(&71 1.&(5/KG F#2(&.$1.&(5/K 7' 27 156'#Jg6 F7''56' =35&&76' 1/0 =3(62()(2/5=(15'(.6 7' =3#)5=/5'(.6 27 =5 4/5=('# 271 D0.I7'1

235&&.FD5>67F76' ./ 27 1.(6G =71 =.(1 2/ 9 I56)(70 9;;9 7' 2/ Z F501 9;;9 .6' 5F76#=71 #4/(D71 27 2(07&'(.6 L 0#(6'700.>70 =71 D=5&71G =71 &.FD#'76&71G =71 071D.615H(=('#1JA71 F#'(701 27 &52071 (6'70F#2(5(071G D50'(&/=(P07F76' &7=/( 27 &O7B 27 170)(&7G 1.6' 5/

&76'07 271 0#.0>56(15'(.61 F565>#0(5=71J

A5 B.6&'(.6 2376&5207F76' 2(BBP07 17=.6 =7 'ND7 23.0>56(15'(.6G 17=.6 =712#=#>5'(.61G =5 F(11(.6 ./ =5 '5(==7 27 =5 1'0/&'/07 F5(1 1/DD.17 './I./01 /67 '7&O6(&('#G

271 &5D5&('#1 27 F565>7F76'G /67 2#F50&O7 1'05'#>(4/7G 271 07DP071 2561 /676)(0.667F76' &.FD=7K7 .M (= B5/' &.61'0/(07 271 D50'7650(5'1 7' (6)76'70 271 F.271 27

&..D#05'(.6J

h561 =3O#'#0.>#6#('# 271 &.6'05(6'71 4/( 13(FD.176' 5/K (61'('/'(.61G 2561 =71

(6#)('5H=71 F./)7F76'1 7' 07F56(7F76'1 1'0/&'/07=1G >0./D7F76'1 27 &..D#05'(.6GF(17 76 D=5&7 271 -.6'05'1 @=/0(566/7=1 23SHI7&'(B1 7' 27 T.N761G &.FF76' =7 -O7B 27e70)(&7 )5$'$(= D76170 =71 6./5>71 (61'('/'(.667=1G =7 D.1('(.667F76' 27 &O5&/6G =5 D=5&7

2/ &.==7&'(B n

-.FF76'G L =3(6'70B5&7 2/ '05)5(= &=(6(4/7G 27 =5 &.62/('7 271 >0./D71G 27=3.0>56(15'(.6 7' 2/ D.=('(4/7G =7 &O7B 27 170)(&7 D7/'$(= 5&&.FD5>670 =3#).=/'(.6 271

9* @./0 5/'56'G (= 67 135>(' #)(27FF76' D51 27 &.61(2#070 &.FF7 17/= =#>('(F7 ).(07 1./O5('5H=7 /6

F.2P=7 27 1'0(&'7 D0.F.'(.6 (6'7067 ./ 27 D0.>0711(.6 O(#050&O(4/7 =(6#5(07J %/ 0(14/7 27 =5

1(FD=(B(&5'(.6 7' 2.6& 2/ F5=76'762/G 6./1 &.61(2#0.61 76 B5(' 4/7 =71 &52071 4/( .6' 2#)7=.DD# =5

F5C'0(17 23/6 271 F#'(701 271 D0.B711(.667=1 4/3(=1 76&52076' 2.()76' 2#)7=.DD70 271 &.FD#'76&71

1D#&(B(4/71 L =376&5207F76'G '562(1 4/7 &7/K 4/( .6' 2#)7=.DD# 271 &.FD#'76&71 D0.D071 L =376&5207F76'G

2.()76' D./).(0 2#)7=.DD70 271 &.665(1156&71 D0.D071 5/K F#'(701 271 D0.B711(.667=1 4/3(=1 76&52076'J


15/21

[email protected]

;+ ?: ++ :+ ;8

@5>7 :a 1/0 9:

&.FD#'76&71 6#&7115(071 L =37K70&(&7 4/.'(2(76 2/ '05)5(= 271 #4/(D71 n -.FF76'

&.61'0/('$(= 1.6 5&'(.6G 171 07=5'(.61 5)7& =71 D50'765(071G =3.0>56(1F7 >71'(.665(07G =7115=50(#1G =71 /15>701 n

W.0F7==7F76' =35&&.FD5>67F76' 2(BBP07 D7/ 27 =35&&.FD5>67F76' 271 6.6&52071J E= 135>(' 27 >5056'(0 =71 &.62('(.61 23/67 &.6'0.)7017 H(76)7(==56'7 76'07 D5(01

&.6B0.6'#1 L 271 1('/5'(.61 17FH=5H=71J E= 6376 071'7 D51 F.(61 4/7 =5 D.1'/07 27 &7/K

4/( 5&&.FD5>676' D0762 /67 2(F761(.6 2#'70F(656'7 c (= 135>(' 27 &.61(2#070D=7(67F76' =5 1('/5'(.6 27 D701.6671 D=5G 2561 /67 1('/5'(.6 O(#050&O(4/7 4/( 67

15/05(' 17 0#1/F70 L /67 1(FD=7 7K'761(.6 27 =37K70&(&7 23/6 F#'(70 27 H517J

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2561 /6 &70&=7 F(6(F5= 27 D0.K(F('# &.0071D.6256' L /67 '7FD.05=('#

4/.'(2(7667J A71 D0.B711(.667=1 2/ >0./D7 67 2.()76' D51 5).(0 76'07 7/K 271=(761 O(#(050&O(4/71J A3#&O7==7 23(6'70)76'(.6 (FD=(4/7 4/7 './1 &7/K 4/(

D50'(&(D76' 5/ '05)5(= 4/.'(2(76 D50'(&(D76' L =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 ] N

&.FD0(1 &7/K 4/( 1.6' '0.D 1./)76' #&50'#1 2561 =71 2#F50&O71 &=511(4/71UD50 7K7FD=7 =71 17&0#'5(071G =71 )7(==7/01 27 6/('G =71 &O5/BB7/01G 7'&JVJ @./0

R'07 .D'(F5=G /6 '7= 6()75/ 23(6'70)76'(.6 1/DD.17 27 2#>5>70 271 '7FD1&.FF/61 1/0 271 &0#675/K .M =7 D/H=(& 6371' D51 5&&/7(==( 4/562 (= 71'

4/71'(.6 27 07=5'(.6 27 170)(&7J

Q./1 67 &.61(2#0.61 D51 =7 &.==7&'(B 27 '05)5(= &.FF7 /67 &.==7&'(.6 23(62()(2/1

F5(1 &.FF7 /67 O(1'.(07 4/7 D50'5>76' 271 D0.B711(.667=1 $ ./ 4/3(=1 67 D50)(76676'D=/1 L D50'5>70 ] D./0 0#D.6207 5/K 1('/5'(.61 &.6&0P'7198J A3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 )(76'

760(&O(0 &7''7 O(1'.(07 7' 076B.0&70 =71 D0.B711(.667=1 2561 =7/0 D.11(H(=('# 27 &.6'(6/7027 =5 &.61'0/(07G N &.FD0(1 D./0 0#D.6207 5/K 1('/5'(.61 (6#2('71J

h561 =5 &5207 27 =3(6'70)76'(.6G 1( &O5&/6 271 F#'(701 &.6&706# 2.(' D./).(0 R'07

D0(1 76 &.FD'7G (= 135>(' F.(61 27 =71 2#)7=.DD70 27 F56(P07 5/'.6.F7 4/7 27 1./'76(0=7 2#)7=.DD7F76' 2/ [ '05)5(= 7617FH=7 \J [ e.(>670 =7 '05)5(= \ &371'G (&(G 1./)76' 5(270

/6 &.==7&'(B L [ 07D50=70 '05)5(= \ =L .M =71 5BB7&'1 ./ =71 &=()5>71 .6' D0(1 =7 2711/1J A7 D50(71' B5(' 4/7 &O5&/6 D7/' 2#)7=.DD70 1.6 D./).(0 235>(0 5/ '05)5(= 76 D51156' D50 /67

&.6B0.6'5'(.6 0#>/=#7 5)7& =71 =.>(4/71 235&'(.6 2561 =714/7==71 1.6' D0(1 171 &.==P>/71 ]

4/3(=1 1.(76' 23/6 FRF7 F#'(70 ./ 6.6J h561 &7' 71D5&7 23565=N17G =7 >0./D7 2.(' R'071/BB(15FF76' 76 &.6B(56&7 D./0 67 D51 O#1('70 L D076207 D./0 F5'(P07 L D76170 =71

1('/5'(.61 27 &0(1D5'(.6 ./ 27 H=.&5>7 2561 =350'(&/=5'(.6 271 2(BB#076'71 5&'()('#1 27

'05)5(=J e3(=1 D7/)76' R'07 7KD0(F#1G &7 67 1.6' D51 =71 [ 071176'(1 \ 4/( 1.6' 1.==(&('#1F5(1 =71 5&'()('#1 2561 =7/01 7FDR&O7F76'1G =7/01 0#/11('71G =7/01 5='7065'()71G =7/01

(FD0.)(15'(.61G 7'&JE61D(0# 23/67 5DD0.&O7 &=(6(4/7 27 =35&'()('# U=(07 6.'07 F56(B71'7 c [ "#$

(6'700.>70 =35&'()('# 27 '05)5(= \VG =3565=N17 271 D05'(4/71 4/7 6./1 D0.D.1.61 76'762

1./'76(0 =7 >0./D7 L .0>56(170 /67 &.6'0.)7017 1/0 =7 [ '05)5(= H(76 B5(' \ 5/ 17(6 23/6&.==7&'(B &.61'('/#J e( 6.'07 5DD0.&O7 71' &=(6(4/7 &371' 5)56' './' D50&7 4/37==7 17 B5(' [ 5/

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ETUDES ET RECHERCHES

J6DIK472

:88: J75 L' D),$&$01'- 1(M/$%'-N /O"%/*'O'%& '& .(/&$01'- L' ,P'-./Q' G E61'('/'2wb0H56(1F7 27 @50(1G b6()701('# 2/ _5= 27 T5067G @50(1 ~EEJ T#F.(07 27 hg% c

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:88; 4/R&($-' L' -)Q$),)*$'G SD'(.6 [ g1D5&71 &/='/07=1 7' B.0F71 27 =5&.FF/6(&5'(.6 \G b6()701('# @50(1 _J T#F.(07 27 T5C'0(17 c 2L"(*8:&'*+ 4:80+606, 4, X70+E*'. 3'&&,770+4 THYZH#HYZZU [ 4, 80 @7*@060+4, 0: C07\,&'+6 Gh(07&'7/0 27 07&O70&O7c TJ %J %lSbQG @0.B7117/0J

:8*8 I$Q'%Q' L' -)Q$),)*$'G .D'(.6 [ e.&(.=.>(7 2/ '05)5(= \G b6()701('# W056v.(1"5H7=5(1G f./01J T#F.(07 27 A(&76&7 c 20 %:8&:7, 4L,+&7,@7'., [ C1&A,. ,&

@70&'9:,.J

2011/2012 Participation au Séminaire du CEDIAS sur les politiques sociales2009 Intervention au séminaire organisée par le Conseil Général du Val de Marne sur les pratiques et

les acteurs de l’insertion – Intervention inaugurale – Cabinet Consultants Associés2008 / 2011 Coordination d’une étude longitudinale sur le vieillissement et la retraite : Les séniors dans la

ville, à la demande de la mairie d’Evry. Conception de l’appareil méthodologique et du cadred’analyse, réalisation d’entretiens, formation de l’équipe d’enquêteurs, coordination de laréalisation de l’échantillon, rédaction des rapports d’étude annuels, participation à la SemaineBleue de la mairie d’Evry (interventions sur les seniors et les trajectoires d’habitat, les séniors et lemilieu associatif)

2004 Ingénieur d’études, Laboratoire Pierre Naville, ADR Evry, Université Evry Val d’Essonne.Participation à recherche en réponse à l’appel d’offres « Habitat et précarisation de l’emploi» duPUCA (Organisme de recherche du Ministère de l’Equipement). Conception de la problématique,réalisation de l’échantillon, du guide d'entretien, réalisation d'entretiens. Contribution à la

rédaction du rapport de recherche. Recherche dirigée par Thierry PILLON1999 / 02 Consultante pour le Centre Scientifique des Techniques du Bâtiment (organisme semi-public de

recherche – Paris 16ième). Enquêtes sur le sentiment d’insécurité dans les cités de grands ensembleset la représentation de la gestion des organismes bailleurs de logements HLM. Réflexion et

participation à l’amélioration de la méthodologie d’enquête, passation d’entretiens, analyse desentretiens, élaboration d’un rapport d’enquête

1997 / 98 Participation à la recherche « Entre travail et activités » dirigée par Mme le professeur J.PALMADE, Centre d’Études et de Recherche en Sociologie des Organisations, Paris Dauphine enréponse à l'appel d'offre du Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité (MIRE) coordonné parDominique MEDA « Précarité et trajectoires de vie ». Réalisation du questionnaire, réalisation duguide d'entretien, réalisation d'entretiens. Suivi administratif de la recherche, organisation dusecrétariat de la recherche. Rapport d’analyse d’une partie du corpus d’entretiens

1992 /94 Participation à la recherche « L'université et la ville, pratiques sociales / spatiales desétudiants » dirigée par Mme J. PALMADE, CERSO, Paris IX. Elaboration du questionnaire,réalisation d'entretiens, programmation des analyses statistiques, analyse des résultats statistiques,analyse des entretiens

1990 / 91 Participation à la recherche « Comment trouver sa place ? L'accès aux biens et aux services et ses inscriptions dans l'espace public » dirigée par Mme M. JOLE, LATTS, I.U.P. Paris XII.Réalisation d'entretiens semi-directifs, analyse des entretiens, observation des usages des espaces

publics, réalisation de films ethnographiques sur les espaces et files d'attente


20/21

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113, Avenue Pasteur

93260 Les Lilas

06 31 66 16 [email protected]

ANTHROPOLOGUE

Conseil et Formation

Clinique de l!activité de travail

DOMAINES D!EXPERTISEFormation d ! adultes et coordination pédagogique

• Formation en partant des pratiques acquises• Formation aux métiers du travail social•

Formation au travail en équipe• Ingénierie pédagogiqueAnalyse des pratiques

• Clinique de l!activité de travail• Ré-interrogation du « travail bien fait »• Collectif de travail

Evaluation des pratiques et du service rendu

• Secteur sanitaire, social et médico-social• Ethique de l!accompagnement au regard du « travail bien fait »• Le service au-delà des enquêtes de satisfaction et des protocoles

Conseil en organisation du travail

• Clinique de l!activité• Santé au travail•

(Re)mobilisation d!un collectif au travail

Recherche, enseignement et valorisation de la recherche

• Enquêtes ethnographiques• Sociologie du travail et des associations• Anthropologie politique et de la précarité

EXPERIENCES PROFESSIONNELLES

Analyse des pratiques2008-2015

IRFASE – Evry

• Animation d!ateliers d!analyse des pratiques professionnelles• Professionnels en poste ou étudiants en formation initiale• Aides Médico-Psychologiques (AMP), Moniteurs-Educateurs (ME),

Educateurs Spécialisés (ES), Educateurs de Jeunes Enfants (EJE),

Assistantes de service Social (AS)

Formation d!adultes et Coordination pédagogique

2005-2016IRTS Paris Ile de France – Antenne de Melun (2005-2009)

IRFASE – Evry Coordinateur Pédagogique Juillet 2013 à Décembre 2015 IFEP – Asnières (Depuis 2009)

• Filières AMP, TISF, ME, ES, EJE et AS• Notamment : Travail en équipe ; Sociologie des organisations ;

Sociologie de l!exclusion ; Sociologie de la famille ; Sociologie de l !école ;

• Guidance de mémoires (filières ES, EJE et AS) et de dossiers decertification ; jury des examens des Diplôme d!Etat.

Recherche, Enseignement et valorisation de la recherche1996-2013

Université Paris Descartes

Université D ! Evry

Université Pierre Mendès-France (Grenoble)

•

Allocataire de Recherche ; Attaché Temporaire d!Enseignement et de

Recherche

• Membre fondateur du Groupe de Recherche « Matière à Penser »• Chapitres dans des ouvrages collectifs

Conseil en Organisation du travail2006-2007

Pour une association de Formateurs et Consultants

• Observation participante. Formalisation des valeurs à partir de l’analysedes pratiques. Étude des perspectives stratégiques dans unenvironnement professionnel en mutation

SELECTION DE PUBLICATIONS

Sociologie du travail et des associations

« "Artisanat! et "industrialisation! des métiers de la

formation. De la formulation des valeurs à la confrontation

des pratiques dans une association de formateurs-consultants », in E. De Lescure et C. Frétigné (éds.), 2010,Les métiers de la formation. Approches sociologiques,

Rennes, Presses Universitaires, de Rennes, pp. 95-106 –

21 pages.

« La communauté Emmaüs de Besançon : des sujets et

des objets pris dans des réseaux d!actions sur les

actions », in M.-P. Julien et C. Rosselin C. (éds.), Les

sujets contre les objets…tout contre. Ethnographies de

cultures matérielles , Paris, 2009, Editions du CTHS, pp.265-289 – 24 pages.

« Communication et coopération dans la vente de la

presse : les implications d!un réseau d!objets matériels », in

P. Vergely, (Ed.), Communication, Travail & SHS : Quellesrencontres possibles ? Actes des journées d!étude

interdisciplinaires COMeT!2007. Université Toulouse-Le

Mirail, 2008, pp. 49-65 – 16 pages.

Anthropologie Politique

« La couleur indiscernable des"Petits-Blancs

! de l

!ïle de la

Réunion » in S. Laurent et T. Leclère, De quelle couleur

sont les Blancs , Paris, La Découverte, 2013, pp. 110-120 –10 pages.

« Du travail de vendeur dans un Relay d !une gare

parisienne. De l!incorporation, du transfert et du sujet » inJ.-F. Bayart et J.-P. Warnier (éds.), Matière à politique. Le

pouvoir, le corps et les choses , Paris, Karthala, 2004, pp.33-56 – 24 pages.

DIPLOME

2004Doctorat en Anthropologie, Sociologie de l!UniversitéParis Descartes

Engagement associatif

• Membre du Bureau (Secrétaire) de l!Association des Collectifs EnfantsParents Professionnels d!Ile de France (Acepprif)

Centre d!intérêts

• Littérature ; Ecriture• Cinéma• Qi Gong

[email protected]

06 31 66 16 09

/'G+18 HI6#6J%KD&LLMD#


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Ré-Activité c’est aussi :

Conseil en organisation du travail

Accompagnement de Projets

Accompagnement à l’évaluation de la qualité du service rendu

Accompagnement au changement

Études et Recherches

Accompagnement et évaluation des dispositifs des politiquespubliques (Ville, Petite Enfance, Vieillissement)

Formation continue…

Documents

Ré-Actvité : Ré-interroger les pratiques (Mai 2016)