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8/2/2019 Economie de La Connaissance_Sami_ELMINAOUI
1/10
Fhibiojf ef lc hibbcjxxcbhf 1 ]lf ef lc hvluv}f ecbx lf oief ef ocbc`fofbu
Flcmi} {c} 1
FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
Ocxuf} JFXH vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
Flcmi} {c} 1 FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
F/ocjl 1 xcoj=3:Kgiuocjl"hio
Cbbf vbjtf}xjucj}f 1 =;33/=3=
Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
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=;3=
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Fhibiojf ef lc hibbcjxxcbhf 1 ]lf ef lc hvluv}f ecbx lf oief ef ocbc`fofbu
Jbu}ievhujib
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xf}cju i{{i}uvb ef xivlftf} lfx x{hjdjhjux }flcujtfx lcx{fhu hvluv}fl ef hgcsvf oielf
fu svj aivf vb }lf {}{ibe}cbu ecbx lc edjbjujib efx ejdd}fbufx hibdj`v}cujibx
ocbc`}jclfx" Xcbx {iv} cvucbu ivmljf} lf }lf ocafv} ev hibufwuf oibejcl ecbx lfsvfl
xjbxh}ju lfbxfomlf efx {czx, hc}chu}jx evbf {c}u {c} lc `limcljxcujib efx hibiojfx fu
ecvu}f {c}u {c} lf {cxxc`f vbf hibiojf ef {lvx fb {lvx joocu}jcljxf, svj bfxu cvu}f
svf lhibiojf ev xctij} fu ef lc hibbcjxxcbhf"
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xibu jbxf}ujib ecbx lc li`jsvf evbf hibbcjxxcbhf oibejcljxf"
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tij} hioofbu hfx oiefx }c`jxxfbu {iv} }{ibe}f vb oibef hc}chu}jx {c} vbf
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xcec{uf} fu tilvf} cv ojljfv evbf hibhv}}fbhf oibejclf"
Flcmi} {c} 1 FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
F/ocjl 1 xcoj=3:Kgiuocjl"hio
Cbbf vbjtf}xjucj}f 1 =;33/=3=
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3/10
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oc}hgx fu ef lcmiljujib efx d}ibuj}fx fbu}f lfx {czx {iv} hf svj fxu ef lc x{g}f
hibiojsvf fu djbcbhj}f" Xcbx {iv} cvucbu ivmljf} fu lc oibuf fb {vjxxcbhf efx
Ufhgbili`jfx ef lJbdi}ocujib fu ef lc Hioovbjhcujib 'UJH*, svj eftjfbbfbu cvaiv}egvj
vbf {jf}}f cb`vlcj}f ecbx lf etfli{{fofbu efx hibiojfx oibejclfx" Dchf hfuuf
xjuvcujib lf xctij} fu lc hibbcjxxcbhf eftjfbbfbu efx dchufv}x hlx ecbx vb oibef fb
{f}{uvfllf tilvujib fu svj bhfxxjuf vbf }chujtju ef {lvx fb {lvx {ivxxf" Ex li}x,
lfbxfomlf efx chufv}x 'DOB, Fucux, fbu}f{}jxfx, hillfhujtjux* xf tijfbu ecbx
limlj`cujib ef aivf} lc hc}uf ef lc hio{ujujtju biucoofbu {c} lf mjcjx evbf dihcljxcujib
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xv} lhibiojf ef lc hibbcjxxcbhf bf hibbcu {cx ef ljojufx 'ev oijbx {gzxjsvfx*, {lvx
ib hibxioof lf ljbdi}ocujib fu lf xctij} {lvx ib fxu }chujd fu oof ef }{ibe}f vb
oibef hc}chu}jx {c} vbf tjhjxxjuvef hibujbvf, fu hc}chu}jx cvxxj {c} efx ljojufx
xivlftcbu fxxfbujfllfofbu efx {}imlocujsvfx hioof lf }fbhg}jxxfofbu efx {}jw efx
ocuj}f {}foj}fx, lchhfbuvcujib ev {}imlof ef lc {illvujib iv mjfb fbhi}f efx ljojufx
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etfli{{fofbu" Cjbxj, lc di}ocujib evb hc{jucl gvocjb eftjfbu vbf bhfxxju fu vbf
li jsvf {}fxxcbuf ecbx lcsvfllf eiju xjbxh}j}f lfx ejdd}fbux chufv}x, svjl xc`jxxf
ei}`cbjxcujibx eFucu iv oof ejbejtjevx"
Flcmi} {c} 1 FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
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[c}clllfofbu, lc oibejcljxcujib efx hibiojfx fu ljbufbxjdjhcujib efx dlvw fbu}f
ejdd}fbux {czx {ixf lc svfxujib fu lc {}imlocujsvf efx ejdd}fbhfx hvluv}fllfx fbu}fx lfx
bcujibx" Hfuuf {c}ujf ef lc hibbcjxxcbhf svj fxu lc hvluv}f jbdlvfbhf `}cbefofbu lfx oiefx
ef {fbxfx fu {c} hibxsvfbu lc ocbj}f ctfh lcsvfllf lfx ejdd}fbux chufv}x xibu hfbxx
hio{ixf}" Hf svj bivx cobf jefbujdjf} {lvxjfv}x oielfx xivx/achfbux fb tvf ef lc
x{hjdjhju 'gjxui}jsvf, ljb`vjxujsvf, fugbjsvf, `i`}c{gjsvf fuh"* efx ejdd}fbufx hvluv}fx"
Xvjtcbu hfuuf li`jsvf, lf oief ef ocbc`fofbu hibxujuvf lvj cvxxj vbf {c}ujf ev xctij} svj
xf tiju di}ufofbu `vje {c} lcx{fhu hvluv}fl" Hfxu ecbx hfuuf ofxv}f svib tc }fu}ivtf}
vbf xi}uf ef hibu}cxuf fb uf}of ei}jfbucujib ocbc`}jclf }flcujtf hgcsvf {czx"
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lc ljmf}u jbejtjevfllf svj tilvf ecbx vb xzxuof ehibiojf ljm}clf, ecbx hfuuf li`jsvf
lc hio{ujujtju hibiojsvf h}f fllf/oof vbf xihju ef tcjbsvfv}x fu tcjbhvx
pjbbf}x cbe lixf}x , i hgchvb eft}c xcjxj} xfx i{{i}uvbjux" Vb xzxuof svj {}bf lf
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fxu eibbf cv djbcbhjf} {lvuu svcv xihjcl, fu lc }vxxjuf {cxxf {}jbhj{clfofbu {c} lfddi}u
fu lf u}ctcjl" Lc lij fu lc {}ihev}f xibu eibh efx {jljf}x ev xzxuof {c}clllfofbu cvw
}`lfx ufhgbjsvfx, hibiojsvfx fu djbcbhj}fx" Hf ocbc`fofbu ucmlju efx {lcbx hibh}fux
fb edjbjxxcbu efx imafhujdx hioof}hjcvw fb ocuj}f ef {}jw fu {}ievju" Lf di}ocljxof fu
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Flcmi} {c} 1 FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
F/ocjl 1 xcoj=3:Kgiuocjl"hio
Cbbf vbjtf}xjucj}f 1 =;33/=3=
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dcojllfx cd}jhcjbf" Hfuuf joc`f xf }fhibxu}vju fu xf u}cbx{ixf ecbx lf oibef ef lfbu}f{}jxf
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ehljbf fb vbf di}of {z}cojeclf"
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OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
F/ocjl 1 xcoj=3:Kgiuocjl"hio
Cbbf vbjtf}xjucj}f 1 =;33/=3=
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xivltf ejdd}fbufx ejofbxjibx svj xibu fb }flcujib ctfh lc hvluv}f, fu svj jbdlvfbhfbu
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u}ijx {czx lfx {lvx jbejtjevcljxx xibu 1 lfx Fucux/Vbjx, lCvxu}cljf fu lc @}cbef/M}fuc`bf"
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ib {fvu hibxucuf} svcv xfjb efx fbu}f{}jxfx fb Cd}jsvf jl fwjxuf vbf ejofbxjib cddfhujtf
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Flcmi} {c} 1 FL OJBCIVJ Xcoj
OCXUF] = 1 Jbufllj`fbhf Fhibiojsvf fu Xu}cu jfx Hio{ujujtfx" Vbjtf}xju eCb`f}x
F/ocjl 1 xcoj=3:Kgiuocjl"hio
Cbbf vbjtf}xjucj}f 1 =;33/=3=
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7/10
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9/10
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10/10
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