Hist 112 Lecture Outine

7/29/2019 Hist 112 Lecture Outine

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History 112Lecture Outlines

Lecture 1: Early Efforts at Reconstruction, 1863-1867

Questions:1. How did early reconstruction policies attempt to deal with the problems and opportunities

that grew out to the results of the Civil War?

I. Introduction: Key themes in the history of ReconstructionII.

The South in 1865A. Physical destruction

B. Human casualtiesC. Economic turmoilD. EmancipationE. Fears and expectationsF. Key questions:

1. Political issues: reunion and who would rule the South2. Social and economic issues: Race relations and labor relations after

emancipationwhat will the new southern society look like?

III. Origins of ReconstructionA.

Defining the eraB. Conflicting northern visions: Radicals vs. Moderates

C. Lincoln and wartime Reconstruction1. Ten Percent Plan2. Radical response: Wade-Davis Bill3. Freedmen's Bureau4. Black voting rights5. Assassination

IV. Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-1867A. Johnson's version of Reconstruction:

1. Mass pardons2. Moderate conditions for restoration3. No land redistribution4. Vetoes "radical" measures

B. The southern response1. Black Codes2. KKK

C. The Radical Republican response1. Southern Congressmen2. Civil Rights Act of 18663. Fourteenth Amendment4. 1866 elections


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Lecture 3: Revitalizing the South

I. The Reconstruction of Southern AgricultureA. Background: the old slave labor systemB. Planters' preferences

1.

Yearly contracts & wage labor2. Gang labor under white supervisionC. Freedpeople's aspirationsD. Sharecropping as a compromiseE. White farmers and tenancyF. Financing agriculture

1. Country stores and local merchants2. Cycles of debt and dependencyfor individuals and the entire South

II. Breaking the cycle: The New South visionA. Henry Grady and the "New South Creed"

1. The critique of the Old South2.

Industry as the savior of the Southa. Prosperity

b. Racial harmonyc. Reconciliation with the North

B. Boosters1. Incentives to business2. Fairs and expositions

III. The New South realityA. Impressive accomplishments

1. Urbanization2. Railroads

B. Cheap manufacturing and extractive industries1. Cotton textiles2. Lumber

C. The colonial economy1. Real economic growth and diversificationbut2. Still lags behind north3. And still dependent


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Lecture 4: Industrializing the North

I. The North in 1860 and the basic nature of the coming transformationII. Becoming an industrial giant: by the numbers

A. What these numbers tell usB.

What they don't tell usIII. Transforming production

A. New technologyB. New organization and management

1. Corporations and the rise of "big business"a. Organizationb. Centralizationc. Examples: Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil

2. The new managerial class and scientific managementIV. Transforming labor

A. Farm to factoryB.

UrbanizationC. Wage labor

D. ImmigrationV. Critics of the new industrial order

A. Jacob Riis: Social criticismB. Henry Demarest Lloyd: Political criticism

VI. Industrialization as a trade-offA. Disadvantages

1. Less autonomy and upward mobility for workers2. Increased political power of concentrated wealth

B. Advantages1. Abundant, cheap goodsrise of consumerism2. In long run, higher material standard of living


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Lecture 5: Conquering the West

I. The mythic WestA. Elements of the myth

1. Rugged individualism2.

Fresh startB. Reinterpreting the West

II. The Mining FrontierA. Early years: rugged frontiersmenplacer miningB. The rise of corporate, industrial mininghydraulic mining

1. Changing technology and labor2. General Mining Act of 1872

III. The Cattle FrontierA. Railroads, eastern demand, and cattle drivesB. CowboysC. Decline of the open range, mid-1880s

IV.

The Farming FrontierA. LandHomestead ActB. Access to marketsrailroadsC. Adaptation to new environment

1. Dry farming2. Bonanza farms

V. Subjugation of Native Americansthe Sioux as a case studyA. WarsB. Destruction of buffaloC. Reservations and Dawes ActD. SchoolsE. Wounded Knee


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Lecture 6: Organized Labor and Populism

I. American workers in the era of industrializationA. Diversity of the working classesB. Some common issues

1.

Low wages2. Working conditions3. Job insecurity4. Political powerlessness

II. Labor unions: varied responses to industrial capitalismA. Craft unions

1. Some post-Civil War leverage2. Declining influence of after 18773. Industrial violence and the Great Railroad Strike of 18774. American Federation of Labor (AFL)

a. Accomplishments by 1914b.

LimitationsB. Knights of Labor

C. Industrial Workers of the WorldIII. The Populists: a partisan challenge to industrial capitalism

A. Origins1. Rural problems, 1865-18902. Granges and Greenbackers3. Farmers' Alliance

B. Organizing the People's Party1. Constituents2. Omaha Platform and election of 1892

C. The fall of Populism1. "Free Silver"2. The election of 1896


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Lecture 7: Building an Empire

I. BackgroundA. Definitions and characteristics of U.S. imperialismB. Traditional American views of imperialism, to 1865

1.

Hostile to idea of empire, but2. Long history of continental expansionII. Roots of imperialism, 1865-1896

A. Economy: Overproduction and foreign marketsB. Culture: Teddy Roosevelt and the strenuous lifeC. Strategy: Mahan and sea powerD. Ideology: white man's burden

III. Edging towards empire, 1865-1896A. AlaskapurchaseB. Latin AmericainvestmentC. Hawaiitowards annexation

IV.

McKinley's presidencya turning point, 1896-1901A. The emerging "imperial presidency"B. Hawaiian annexationC. Spain, Cuba, and the Philippines

1. Background to Spanish-American War2. The "Splendid Little War"3. Cuba and informal empire4. The Philippines and the burden of empire

D. Anti-imperialism and the election of 1900V. Roosevelt and embrace of empire

A. Expanding presidential powersB. Roosevelt CorollaryC. Panama Canal


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Lecture 8: Disfranchisement and Jim Crow

I. Flexibility of race relations after ReconstructionA. Some segregation

1. Segregation as voluntary2.

Segregation as customB. But also persistent integration

C. and continued voting by African Americans in the SouthII. Swift reaction, 1890-1910

A. The end result: segregation and disfranchisement by 1910B. Why the change?

1. Scientific racism2. Economic turmoil3. Changes in Southern society4. Changes in the African-American population5. Populism vs. Democratic leadership

III.

DisfranchisementA. TechniquesB. Williams v. Mississippi (1898)C. LoopholesD. Effect on lower-class whitesE. The "Solid South"

IV. Rise of Jim CrowA. Segregation as a response to social and economic change

1. Key aspects of the change2. Case study: railroads

B. Spread of segregationC. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)D. Lynching and its critics


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Lecture 9: The Progressive Movement

I. Understanding Progressivism and its originsA. Who were the Progressives?B. What were their concerns?

1.

Potentially radical lower classes2. Selfish and oblivious upper classesC. What were their goals?D. Defining "Progressivism"E. Key features:

1. Promoted active role for government in economy and society2. Believed in expertiseprofessional, scientific approach to reform

II. Progressivism in action: on the local levelA. Reforming individual behavior: Prohibition

1. Effort to make 'better' middle-class-style citizens2. Starts local, grows to national campaign3.

Women heavily involvedB. Addressing urban poverty

1. Settlement houses2. Political activism

III. Progressivism in action: on the national scaleA. Protecting consumers: Food safety and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)B. Regulating big business: "trustbusting"

1. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)2. Bureau of Corporations (1903)3. Northern Securities Company4. Gentlemen's agreements

IV. Progressivism's dark side: eugenics


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Lecture 10: Wilson and the Great War

I. Wilson and the culmination of Progressivism at homeA. Progressivism and the 1912 electionB. Progressive legislation under Wilson

1.

Taxation2. Banking3. Regulation

II. The European background of World War IA. Origins and outbreak of the conflictB. Course of the war, 1914-1917C. U.S. neutrality to 1917

1. TheLusitania2. "He Kept Us Out of the War"

D. Desperation on both sides by 1917III. Wilsonian America at War, 1917-1918

A.

American entry into the war1. Unrestricted submarine warfare2. Zimmerman Telegram3. War declared, April 6, 19174. Progressive support for the war

B. Over here: Mobilizing the country for war1. Propaganda2. Mobilizing the economy3. Conscription

C. "Over there"1. Pershing's plan2. The AEF in action3. Victory: 11/11/1918

IV. Wilson, Versailles, and Progressivism's declineA. Wilson's Fourteen PointsB. Making the treatyWilson in ParisC. Debating the treaty at home in the U.S.D. Postwar reaction, the 1920 election, and the downfall of Progressivism


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Lecture 11: Cultural Conflict in the Roaring '20s

I. Key issues continuing in the 1920sA. Contested relationship between business and governmentB. Trade-off of industrial capitalism: less autonomy, more goodsC.

Cultural conflictII. Two views of the "mainstream" 1920s:

A. Economics: The 1920s as the "New Era" for business1. New image for big business

a. Business as sacredb. Businessman as public servantc. Henry Ford as an example

2. Economic boom3. Business and politics

a. Wave of mergersb. Decline in regulation

B.

Culture: The 1920s as The "Roaring '20s"1. Consumerisma. A world of goodsand credit and brands and adsb. Automobiles as an example

2. The rise of Hollywood3. The "New Woman"

III. Cultural diversity: African Americans in the 1920sA. The Great MigrationB. The Harlem Renaissance

IV. Cultural backlash: traditionalism vs. modernismA. Nativism

1. Resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan2. Immigration Act of 1924

B. Culture wars of the 1920s1. "The Fundamentals" (1909-1915)2. The Scopes Trial


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Lecture 12: The Great Depression

I. Background and Causes of the Great DepressionA. The trigger: stock market crash, October 1929

1. Warning signs2.

Continued speculation3. Crash

4. Immediate effects of the crashB. Deeper roots of the depression

1. Unbalanced economy: the "sick industries" of the 1920s2. Skewed wealth distribution

a. 1920s government policiesb. 1920s business practicesc. Lack of purchasing powerd. Underconsumption

II. The deepening Depression, 1929-1932A.

By the numbersB. Daily life in the early '30s

1. The Depression in the cities2. The Depression in the country3. West from the Dust Bowl

III. Hoover and the DepressionA. Hoover's interpretationsB. Hoover's policies

1. Achievementsa. Public worksb. Reconstruction Finance Corporation

2. Limitationsa. Balanced budget and tax hikesb. No direct public relief

C. Popular discontent and growing radicalism1. Bonus army2. Communism3. Fascism

IV. The election of 1932


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Lecture 13: The New Deal

I. Historians and the New DealA. Conservative criticsB. Leftist criticsC.

My viewII. FDR takes the helm

A. BackgroundB. First Inaugural Address

III. Launching the First New DealA. FDR's view of the Depression

1. Domestic reform and recovery2. Flexibility

B. The First New Deal begins: The "Hundred Days"1. Emergency Banking Act2. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)3.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)4. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

5. Public works throughout the New DealC. The First New Deal's lasting legacy

1. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

IV. The Second New Deal and the quest for permanent securityA. Wagner ActB. Social Security Act

V. Critics of the New DealA. Critics on the right: Supreme Court vs. New DealB. Critics on the left: Father Coughlin and Huey LongC. FDR vs. the critics: the election of 1936

VI. Assessing the New DealA. What it did not doB. What it did do


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Lecture 14: The Gathering Storm

I. American non-interventionism in the 1930sA. "Isolationism"B. Roots of non-interventionism

1.

Traditional arguments against European "entanglements"2. Disillusionment after WWIa. The Nye Committeeb. Merchants of Death (1934)

3. Influence of the DepressionC. Roosevelt's opposing view: internationalismD. Neutrality Act (1935)

II. Global unrest in the 1930sA. Post-WWI clash of ideologies

1. Rise of Italian fascism2. Stalinism in the U.S.S.R.3.

Global Depression increases the tension4. Rise of Japanese militarism and German Nazism

B. Germany and Japan on the march, 1931-1939C. Managing Japan: Quarantine and economic sanctionsD. Managing Germany: Appeasementeconomic and political

III. The shift towards internationalismA. Outbreak of World War II, 1939-1941B. Arguing for internationalism

1. Political arguments2. Military arguments3. Moral arguments4. Four Freedoms

C. Arsenal of Democracy1. Conscription2. Lend-Lease3. Atlantic Charter

D. American entry into WWII1. The road to Pearl Harbor2. 12/7/1941


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Lecture 15: World War II: On the Home Front

I. Mobilizing the country for warA. War production: an economic miracle

1. The resultsby the numbers2.

America's economic advantagesa. Size and self-sufficiency

b. Distance from fightingc. War and the Depression

3. War Production Board4. Big business

B. Mobilization and the consumer economy1. Rationing2. Price control

C. Mobilizing the population1. Armed forces2.

WomenII. Tension and conflict behind the lines

A. Civil liberties and Japanese-American internment1. Executive Order 90662. The 442nd

B. Social Tensions1. African-American protest

a. March on Washington and FDR's responseb. "Double V" campaignc. CORE

2. Race riotsIII. The lasting impact

A. On the American people1. Social impact2. Economic impact

B. On America's role in the world


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Lecture 16: World War II: The Grand Alliance

I. Grim prospects for the Allies in early 1942II. Forming the Grand Alliance

A. Shared strategy1.

Germany first2. Continue Lend-Lease

B. Persistent conflict1. Stalin: Invade France ASAP2. Churchill: Encircle Germany3. The American public: what about Japan?4. Roosevelt: The balancing act

III. The Pacific WarA. Midwaythe tide turns in the Pacific theaterB. Island Hopping

IV. The War in EuropeA.

The air war over Germany1. High hopes for air war

2. Mixed resultsB. Early invasions, 1942-1943

1. North Africa2. Italy3. Soviet criticism and the Teheran Conference

C. Opening a second front, June-December 19441. D-Day2. The war in northwestern Europe

V. The EndgameA. Closing in on Germany, 1945

1. Battle of the Bulge2. Fall of Berlin

B. Closing in on Japan, 19451. Air war over Japan2. Atomic warfare

VI. The world in 1945


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Lecture 17: Onset of the Cold War

I. Setting the stageA. Wartime background: Yalta, 1945B. Competing goals and interests in Europe

1.

Soviet interestsa. Buffer zoneb. Punish Germany

2. U.S. interestsa. Limit Communism's spreadb. Open tradec. Rebuild capitalist democracies

C. Rivalry over the "Third World"D. The "Iron Curtain"E. Comparative strength in 1945

II. Early Cold War policyA.

Kennan and "containment"B. Putting "containment" into practice

1. The Truman Doctrine2. The Marshall Plan

C. The militarization of containment1. NATO2. NSC-68

III. Asia as a Cold War battlegroundA. ChinaB. Korean War

1. Background, 1945-19502. U.S. intervention, 1950-19533. Continued division

IV. Nuclear weapons and the arms raceA. The H-Bomb and the "New Look"B. Massive retaliationC. To the brink: the Cuban Missile Crisis


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Lecture 18: Affluence and Anxiety

I. AffluenceA. Postwar economic boomB. Emergence of modern consumer culture

1.

Consumer demand unleasheda. End of wartime scarcityb. Availability of creditc. New products

2. American life in the age of the automobilea. Carsb. Interstatesc. Motelsd. Fast food

3. SuburbanizationC. Critiques of the suburban consumer society

1.

The Lonely Crowd(1950)2. The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit(1955)II. Anxiety

A. Cold War politics and the Red Scare1. Roots of the Red Scare

a. Overseas factors1. Soviets get the Bomb2. China turns "Red"

b. Domestic factors1. HUAC2. Hoover and the FBI3. Truman and loyalty tests

2. McCarthyisma. Senator Joseph McCarthyb. McCarthy's risec. McCarthy's downfall

B. The Cold War and American culture1. Seeking shelter2. At the movies


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Lecture 19: Challenging Jim Crow

I. Understanding the origins of the Civil Rights MovementA. Postwar Jim CrowB. Civil rights activism before WWII

1.

Early protest against Jim Crowa. Boycottsb. Anti-lynching effortsc. March on Washington (1941)

2. Early civil rights organizationsa. National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peopleb. Southern Tenant Farmers' Unionc. Highlander Folk School

C. Rise of the Civil Rights Movementwhy the 1950s and 1960s?1. Impact of WWII

a. Migration and urbanizationb.

Job opportunities and spending powerc. Growth of black unions and the NAACP

d. Black military servicee. Ideology

2. America's Cold War image3. TV

II. The first wave: desegregating the schoolsA. Schools and segregation in the 1950sB. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

1. Background and the decision2. Slow implementation and Brown II

C. Massive resistance1. Southern Manifesto2. Citizens' Councils3. School closures

D. Showdown in Little Rocka case studyE. Achievements and limitations by the 1960s


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Lecture 20: Realizing the Dream?

I. Prelude to the 1960s movement: Montgomery, AlabamaA. Rosa ParksB. The Montgomery bus boycott, 1955-1956

1.

Local organizers2. Churches3. Running the boycott4. The emergence of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

C. Success and stalemateD. Key lessons from Montgomery

1. Not just King2. Centrality of black churches3. Diversity of white responses4. Media coverage

II. The second wave: integration and voting rightsA.

Direct action and its results, 1960-19641. SNCC and student activism

a. Sit-ins, 1960b. Freedom rides, 1961

2. SCLC and mass protesta. Birmingham, 1963b. March on Washington, 1963

3. The Civil Rights Act of 1964B. Demanding the vote

1. Freedom Summer, 19642. Selma to Montgomery3. The Voting Rights Act of 1965

III. A third wave?A. Beyond the southB. Poor People's CampaignC. Memphis, 1968

IV. Assessing the MovementA. AchievementsB. LimitationsC. Rising disillusionment


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Lecture 21: The Limits of Domestic Reform

I. The Kennedy years in the U.S., 1961-1963A. 1960 electionB. Kennedy's persona as presidentC.

The "New Frontier"1. Proposals -- not enacted

2. Late support for civil rights3. Limited results

D. Assassination in Dallas, November 1963II. The Johnson years in the U.S., 1963-1969

A. LBJB. Review: Johnson and civil rights

1. Civil Rights Act of 19642. Voting Rights Act of 1965

C. The "Great Society"1.

Grand expectations2. Legislation

a. Revenue Act of 1964b. Wilderness Preservation Act (1964)c. Immigration Act (1965)d. War on Poverty

1. Underlying philosophy2. Economic Opportunity Act (1964)3. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)4. Appalachian Regional Development Act (1965)5. Medical Care Act (1965)

3. Federal spending4. Impact5. Flaws

a. Partisanshipb. Superficial reformsc. Deficitsd. Exaggerated promises

D. Backlash1. Conservative criticism2. Disappointed hopes and urban unrest

a. Wave of riotsb. Kerner Commission report


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Lecture 22: The Limits of Overseas Influence

I. Vietnam background to 1960A. French and Japanese colonial ruleB. Ho Chi Minh and the declaration of independenceC.

Anti-French War of Resistance1. U.S. support

2. DienbienphuD. Geneva AccordsE. Diem's regime

II. Kennedy and VietnamA. Rationale for U.S. involvement

1. Containment in Southeast Asia2. Domino theory

B. Continued aidC. Advisors

III.

"Johnson's War"A. President Johnson's view of VietnamB. Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionC. Full commitment in 1965

1. Operation Rolling Thunder2. U.S. ground troops

D. Fighting the Vietnam Warthe view from the top1. General William Westmoreland2. Strategy

a. Counter-insurgency and nation-buildingb. Strategic air campaignc. Conventional forces

E. Fighting the Vietnam Warthe view from the ground1. The soldiers2. The combat experience

F. Fighting the Vietnam Warthe view from the States1. Initial support2. Growing doubts and mistrust

a. Casualtiesb. Draftc. Distractiond. Tet Offensivee. My Lai Massacre


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Lecture 23: Radicalism and Conservatism in the 1960s

I. Why so radical?A. Example of the Civil Rights MovementB. Prosperity and high expectationsC.

Demographics and youth culture [1/2 pop. under 18 in 1960!]II. Women's movements and generational divides

A. Women in the 1960s U.S.B. Liberal feminism

1. President's Commission on the Status of Women2. Betty Friedan3. NOW and the ERA

C. Radical feminism1. Frustration over other movements2. Women's liberation

III. Black power movements and separation rather than integrationA.

"Black Power" and the radicalization of SNCCB. Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam

C. Black PanthersIV. Student movements and the radical critique of the liberal consensus

A. Students for a Democratic Society1. Tom Hayden2. Port Huron Statement

B. Antiwar protest1. In the streets2. On (some) campuses

V. The conservative side of the 1960sA. Mobilizing a conservative movement, 1960-1964

1. John Birch Society2. Young Americans for Freedom

a. Sharon Statementb. Conservative student activism

3. Failure in 19604. Partial success in 1964

a. Barry Goldwaterb. Mixed results

B. The politics of "backlash," 1965-19681. Response to apparently rising radicalism2. George Wallace3. Nixon, the "Silent Majority," and the 1968 election


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Lecture 24: Hope and Disappointment in the 1970s

I. Hope and controversy in the early 1970sA. A continuation of 1960s reforms and conflicts

1. Desegregation and the busing controversy2.

Women's rights3. Environmental protection

B. The end of the Vietnam War1. Nixon: escalation, Vietnamization, and "peace with honor"2. Fall of Saigon3. The mixed legacy

II. Disappointment: America's "limits" and "decline"?A. Watergate

1. Nixon's abuses of power2. Break-in and cover-up3. Resignation4.

ImpactB. Economic crises

1. Oil embargo and energy crisis2. "Stagflation"3. Deindustrialization4. No remedies

C. Carter and renewed hope?1. Continued economic problems2. Iranian hostage crisis

D. A sense of decline by 1980


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Lecture 25: The Reagan Revolution and the 1980s

I. The election of 1980 and its significanceA. Revolution or culmination?

1. Recap: growth of conservatism in 1960s2.

Continuation in the 1970sa. Watergate and mistrust of government

b. Economic woesc. Religious Right

3. The "New Right" on the issuesa. Strong (and expensive) defenseb. Antielitismc. Family values

4. Reagana. Backgroundb. As a candidate

B.

Measuring the "Reagan Revolution"II. The Reagan years and their meaningA. Domestic policy

1. "Reaganomics," recession, and recoverya. Do see economic growthb. Also see growing inequality

2. Shift in government priorities3. But government not smaller

B. Foreign policy1. Anti-Communism

a. Grenadab. Iran-Contra affair

2. Reagan and the Soviet Uniona. First term: aggressive rhetoric and policiesb. Second term: negotiation

C. Assessing Reagan's presidency1. Flexibility2. Clear shift in the terms of political debate

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Hist 112 Lecture Outine