NUM5 UNIVERSITE COCODY 040418 161249 1

r

THÈSE Pour obtenir le titre de

DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITÉ FELIX HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY

EN SCIENCES DE LA TERRE

Spécialité: Géologie marine et sédimentologle Par

GBANGBOT Jean-Michel Kouadio

THÈME

'

CARACTERISATION STRATIGRAPHIQUE DES AQUIFERES DES FORMATIONS

DE SUBSURFACE DE LA REGION DES LAGUNES DE CÜTE D'IVOIRE.

ESSAI DE MODELISATION DES ENVIRONNEMENTS DE DEPÜTS DU

TERTIAIRE

Soubnue publiquement le 21 Ol!cembre 2012 devant le Jury compo11! de :

DEDICACE A mon Père GBANGBOT Konao Prosper Jules. pour son soutien financier et

moral durant la préparation de ce mémoire, que Dieu te donne la santé et la

longévité pour veiller sur tes enfants.

A ma mère KONAN Amoin Albertine, qui m'a donné le courage en me

prodiguant de sages conseils. Toi qui as voulu que je fasse la Thèse, aujourd'hui.

le résultat est là. Merci pour ton soutien financier, moral et surtout spirituel, que

Dieu te protège et te comble de sa grâce.

A toi ma chérie TEBELE MireWe Linda, qui a bien voulu partager avec moi le

meilleur et le pire, toi qui durant ces nombreuses années de traversée de désert a

dû consommer tout le pire. Dans les moments les plus durs tu m'as apporté

amour. affection et encouragement. Tu as été d'un soutien spirituel pour moi.

A ma fille GBANGBOT Tifanie Michèle Désirée, qui m'a donné la force de

tenniner ce mémoire afin de m'occuper convenablement de toi, je t'aime.

A mon fils GBANGBOT Chance Erwane Kouassi, née le 15 octobre 2012,

sois le bienvenu.

A toute ma famille, que Dieu vous bénisse.

1 ~

AVANT- PROPOS Les remerciements sont les moyens de montrer qu'un mémoire de thèse est le résultat d'un

travail d'équipe qui aboutit uniquement parce qu'un grand nombre de personnes y on1

contribué. C'est pourquoi. au terme de ce travail qui a l'lé Jung cl faslidicux. il me plait de

témoigner mon infinie reconnaissance aux pPrsonnf's qui d'une manière ou d'une autre ont

contribue> à la réalisation de ce mémoire

Avant tout.je voudrais remercier Dieu, le tout puissant. lf' Dleu de, la connaissance. pour son

guide, sa protection et son soutien. Qu'il bénisse toutes les personnes ayant concouru â. la

mlse en œuvre de œ travail.

1.e Professeur AKA Kouamé, Doyen l Icnoralrc, President de la commission scientifique de

J'lJFR-STRi,t de l'Lnlversité Félix Houphouët Boigny qui est mou Père spirituel, promoteur du laboratoire de• c;,,olngie Marine et Sédimentologie (GFOMARSF.). Tl m · ri orienté dans le

choix du su.Jet de ma thèse, en me proposant d'effectuer des forages d'eau. Ses critiques cl ses

ortentatlons sclenrfflques m'ont facilité la réalisation de ce travail. Ses encouragements ont été

pour moi un véritable réconfort. Sa rigueur scicntiftquc. ses qualités humaines de disponibilité

et d'humilité font de lui un modèle. Il s'est toujours préoccupé de l'état d'avancement de celle

thèse. Mere! pêre de m'avoir rtonné le goût de la géologie marine. Il m'est particulièrement

agréable de le> remercier très sincèrement. Puisse le Seigneur Dieu Je garder encore longtemps

en bonne santé parmi nous

Le Professeur DIGBEHI Zéli Bruno. actuel Responsable du Troisième cycle de J'UFR

STKfvl de lUnivershé Félix Houphouët Uuigny et Directeur du Laboratoire de

Btostrattgraphie. li m'a inculqué la rigueur sctcnüffque que doil acquérir un chercheur. li a

accepté sans retenue de diriger cette thèse. Il est un encadreur exceptionnel qui m'a

partlcullèremenr impressionné p<1r son dynamisme ri son grnnd esprtr critique. Sa

disponibilité. ses conseils cl ses encouragements. lorsque l'horizon paraissait sombre, ruont

éré prér-leux rturant toutes ces années. Cràce à lui el sunour au nombre incalculable de ses

relations. certaines lie mes analyses ont été effectuées gratuitement à la Petrori et à

l'Untverslté F.I \fanar de Tunis en Tunistc. Il a été d'un grand soutien pour la documentation

et les premières ortcutattrms de ce mémoire. Merci cher maître de m'avoir accordé votre

confiance en m 'acceptant dans votre équipe de recherche

__ \J\ (tL --- _;

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rh, ,.,,..,,., :1.111.,.1"·,; ,·.,,1,i 11a,1.,;,..,;1 l""fl"".""'H""""":1 d, r.d l,,., er J"e.·olJc.,,n vcr~llf. ,.,.,.;n,,m,.mu~II r1111ii: plo;~ e.rven Le~ SJbll!E s:.ai: sros;Jui; à :r.o~~n>. ,1.;~1·1. bi<'·1 :, ·11,.I ,L,ii,,f,. ~,.,,.,n:,.ru ur.e U)""o'lflr ,-., I"" -a,,,....-u., !,'<>'•!~,~ l'I ,,,., ~11·,. 1;1. 'nu" ,.1rn,\l;J1 gr;.•·.1,,1r,,\r::11c. T1, 1:,,1;1.1,,èl1es f:<a.1ul,.,:oi!Uiqt1o!S ~qllaJllU:.1G4'<'0l·JdQn ,i.g'.rx,,.11•

1c~.bc ..•.. u: J.., ~l'~t, ,.l'wl).lLl! lh1·.MUc o, dr, ~f•·~ """''""'I"' "" "" ,,n -..,~1,-,,. ,.,.,.,p,·rl

Jo.nlul par la ,.,Jt;,rinn 1, for1,• pt11J'·""i,..,. "' ,,.,,,,~,.-;,i., ~• ,1,, ~.I'·"'"'" le ,Jan, lt~ 5tdmc.1L;

a .'~,si,iie 1,,,.~;, a.1 dépOI d• ~l:.i~:·oun"' ma'lt.e. tant 1, >t·Jc1 tlln~11--,11:" "' ·',li ila·, Ir· 1ui 1.,,

Je- Mp!1 !,.,.,,., M ')1'• lir1w.,I 1 .• r~,;,.~,~i-,.rn·,. d"<• 1:1'";"·' <11 :·d11111•fü i ,.11,1tr.11• et lw,i:r.u, 1r.,:1-,:.,,.,. ~" ·m·,sp1111 f1 ~i:lleu J.:.~U~ue ;u: 1.rœ- dii.ari,:c 1\·la ·•,,,rt10:u hoc.;,:,, . .,,., "'' ,r_,,J,onn~mmt de Ar!"'· Ar 'YP" ,.,,_.1;,., • ., :·~,h,n• •i~i;,,r

[ ~ ·~A 1~ai,:,n de ,~ fo1~cs , pc,rn .. ,1 .,,,~ ,;i-,,.. ,i.,,~ 1.1~» ,r;i.~.i:.f~1~. <f >Mt :,

,_·un·,-.,r.<:d T1•11ul·mlt.•H•lo,.,,,.,JAl,iJj11:tC':ullin~ · ••. 111.-." 1,,v.,,.,r:·hli""''"'·'·"

·,:·n~~·A,.1 nie.

----

INTRODUCTION

GENERALE

'..u,,gt~io,~s con\Jdir<'<' ,..,,..,..., ,.,., ......_"~"'''" 11H.,,rflli, l~t-~1Jl1.:tk. ru:J OC u;•...,,r~ndi:,ri

·,·,..,,,,,,:o·:,11<01r"lin-.i1,:.~.En~ 1.face-a ·.i;:ripll'ao!;-'" àl"U:, .. ,;,.,,,J.j4Ju,r.hol:c la Jt."'-'ft' l"·Jolq""' c,:,A1n1,:-n,( ; ••• 1,,.,., .,,r,1;c ""''' ,,,,, I"' ,,.,., L,1 F:Îll~m~ ,r,,·,11 ~0L1nt,1<:,11· r,., .. ,:,_ ,~,.. ,n11~,lr,llrJf.> ~ :·eau po'.ab:t. C">m.lltu-, l'·.111 •Ir-< ,,,,.,,ili f'l',Ll.-;u•

~""'l",,a,. ,uul cU1Jioot.'s l,:,i ~J\'C"IIC"'"'"""' tir 1<.,-, h, "'·''·' Ai,,., p.l,. le p1:i;r.:m1T.~ Ç,·~ ,1;-.,,,,,,. L•,;~, I"""' I:, n,.,.,-1,.,r,e,~: 1PNUl.)'1 t~ drol: ~ l'.-~ •• p-;,~·,1~ ,lud ""~ ,.,,,~,~ •. ,;,.,;1.1.u,;unJ.:·ltokl'h:n,,,.,..(l''clllll?.9111i).

!!l'Al' Ol.'S C.:ON'cl.\l~Mf\C I·:~ 1 ·r l'JlllKl.f\U. T1QUR

Lii~;;lor. des :~1r.;,;, ~1;,11=,,,.11 <;,.,I ,h- :., ("ô,w d"I"""" w.O>li:0.1t ur.c ,on- n1' ,...., rr"""' •• '-"'''" "'-l"""'clfl.-., '"ri<>r. Cc'.1c reglOJL. b1o:1: ~1K ':~n<;lkiwtt ,f,..,, plu,.i..,,.,;u~ anr.uet~ rt:.att.·e:iwr.t ëjevéc iupùl= ~ l'i1)fr i:•n) -,\;,i 1·'-' ,.,.,_,.""'-·'""IIE d(S ,fr . .,.,,.,..,."

I"'""''"'~-· ,t ••• ,11 ·'""•'~" """ :::,11f1DwM 1~-' au<1cs ,c;ir:ms ~. :,,,y; (Sun,,,.;;,/., 2.:Nl6J. FJle ,.,, frnl.~'""'' l"'!UJlef a~..: er.,iron 5 111:lho:1s ,.r,~·:if;n k (IN~. 21111). fa, ~Jut il; Sy (kou.lut d, ocmtnn,.r, .,.,;~;,,... •ie.ri"~"-'.: ;-.,J,.n ,lie; ~LI :ou:.tuc.ll ],:<;; rTI11iir••'"

p~ks·J·~ .,., ""'

t.a ·dlF d'AbJ,:!_~r, <bt'l"I( f.e ~ ,1, ,;.,,,., ~-, ,,.,,.,,,..,,: ·:f<'lL potab!Ea qtll p11Jfflllsml ["'"' d•· ~l'o'J,;IJl,O in' :~c:;,.,,- .,,.,_., .. """ ,k, i'S '.en~"" J~ 1!'400 4.iam~U,' . .-\ujc·Jrtf,0,-, ,-,,, if., :1llallir,

( ·~,·. d:11!, ,,, ,:11111 lllJe :1 :i.Xlê".é f~)1'!7i1Lrl<" fr)R,\CO ;F..n,.,.,_., Rallw~..,J tn '"""'""'.' ,,;...i;,., .t.,ui. zt•!YJ ,:1r-, "''t1f''~•~,,1, h""t:"' ,r~A,. dL1s lt :c"°lldC'i\ Lill:'""· "."·.:i, rr,

· r •... oi,,,~ d «liiP ,t..,.,,.,.,i<p,, ''""',~dl• d'Aa.(!lf.11.: fo:;,g:·~ ~ u,~"" ·1<1.isui~ dans :a ,ruc dl, Lli:11,:..-.··llr

r,,,~.," ..,,.~,, ~,.,.~,i,.., 1,, ,·il ,. ,r ~,,;,,,.

Priu,iu:r.; :.u" , . ..,. 1,.,.,,,.,, "r'" iE'!l;em~r.t pcot,..,, . .., ,h ""' î:,::~ ~·J>: ""'"'"'' ~~•l! -:-:'1-ic ,.,,,;..,"'·Ur' 1,. th.ur.0• ,r '"""· m,i., •"~; l"""'"·.1eul ,:fac~!d:r ux :orr,,rd"'' ii ·•ol :xi,ra•s.

,r.1c-,,;akot1l<1hlf,i·1"''"· ::~l)llOl<lj!;lj_u°"" ,:,1 t,yd-:,;\1·<1::,,.,i, il~, ld-c:11,tt, ,...,i ,.,t.~r.T sC111• r.·~h<-•

Jt.f,p:,ktn~ t_w:· '.es '"'···,.lir, ,11,,-,. .1yj1:AE<ù-g11::ç;.,o; 1,11 ,-lri,~l1i~t11<'1.l d.;l...r;' 9..; ~;>J. u,,.,..,, du BRG\I 1:R,11,,.,,. J~ R•dw1Ches 1;,,,,...!?'1•"" el '.,f1JLf1C'J) qut <, ,,,,~·,n:• 1,~ fllfH1i,,r.1

b-·w·' (C'.W.rtn-Villoulm'tl. 19621 r,.,, _,,-yu~ 01J1 w, ":M, P" ,.,,.,. J. LorooJ~ ll<l71)

~u..Jik'1.•,eux..,,J10,.,;,.,., Je c,,.,.,,.~,uac To,.drn.Jf::r:. fou, <(1 tmvaux ((.;ll(!ri11.-Villuubri.il. J!Nt!: Lo:row., 197S Og11.. 19!111; Ahellàli, Z(n»:•

,1 une o:,·.ù.at1011 q11<111:.tilll~c c: ,;.i:..il.nau~c d:s 1-.:;:;oucc~ u :u1:. :-.h.~ ~w k Jl.i:r. de l'..r..a.lJ~e l1it~1,11u:!l,:ipLiq,,.., l«- "'"'""1,~ .1·,,.,., :b la n°,1o,, d, ., "k"'' .,. <I'' f,.,. :· ,~, "1 ,h•

llaru; l~ c.u!re d une co:l.e.l>e>eUio;i ont:e I.e. FORACêJ ol J"UFRS':'RM, ,:ws ""C-11.S p>1tlrl;)l A

, C.:araclll!rbatillll Hratl,:ra,blque des &quHll'K des fMuu.tlnw. de sul,'IUda[• 4e la rOJI,., ,1,.,, bib'lln~~ 00 CG~ d'l,lllr•. lluRl dl, mDdl!lbhtlo:n dl!I eavlroanHDMLU de dep&u. 411 l"crtial:rc,

011.IFCTif~rJft 'Rl111lh

•,~;,.,.,,-,i·,.,· ,,,,.,,a,:,Oish11u,es1:,1at,11h1111"1,h11:•,1kssi'11'1,11111<n:•1 bh.,, ,:.,t,$111·1);

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••,1~·,,1-1.1·1i110,rnl:,Jl.i1 1!:•ss,'ih11o·mssa1lil""'·

• ,1 ·1•1n,··,rc',·'ff'n•"" ·,1,.,t··,,1'1·r,~.,

PREMIERE PARTIE, CONTEXTE PHYSIQUE

DE LA CÔTE D'IVOIRE

CftA'PITRF, l: CADRE CEOCRAPHJQUI::. Gl::.ULUGH,JUt; 1-'.I

HYIJNOCWOI .OC.IQ!lh l)R I.A CÔTF. O"IVflTRF.

J.I. CADRF,C.T.OGRA.PltlQUF.

1.1.1- Silutatlnn g~gr ••• phlqm• d.,la ou,-,flv.ilrll! "'' d"' la 1mill! d'fnid,, 1.s l~\-~ ~·h.,.;,~ ~·-l "'- ~a.s ,,,nH du C.,1.f• ,.~ G,cr~, •r .;u,p~ de l"C'""':@.o;,.sd!~ an

/11:'"1 ('ni k M,1ll ~·- Ir l•.,rl: M l,l<('I. 'oH l1r<t pa, I; (,o,lcr"~tl• l.lhh,1 ,.,; 1 l'so I''" Ir

Gl:a:1a (" .- :oa:.-, .,,~, u,, •• ,u1:,,,olio: " ,1 •• 3~2. ".6i K,u'· .i ,., ~ ;1np,.la:.,11: •~r;m~ l f' u.1 :!~ 2~ l"rll-rm, ,r~,Cira,r., {LINl•I',\ ~Oil) rs" ,i-,-.; rla,s le 7--.,, ·ntr-rl':'f"•lr. ri•" f<>:dsrmml

rl.c.1Ls la m"e ;.4,~~" ial• a~ r_.;f,iqu• c-cuten:o.l• ~r.t:~ 3' ~, 6- de lo~i;i:uda C=, ~: ·l· e, :1 ·

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Tal,1"'"' 1: l 1,::ol ~,1;,,.,,1,,..1,rny,,~,~•ul .,

LocalJ1H Lonphudef\\'l Lathude!:ill

lm· ·ç·/ ' . .

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•-·N- •-·- 1.2. CADRE Gl:.OLOGIQ1W

Lo1COll'i:lh·n'"'~t1•tt1M!11ta1. vlruxto.lcl!crdc-: \friqn•,h,1'0...,si(Tasml, 1971) 'l'Ji r.a,nl r,11.,eUM/e del" Allm::quc, ~lilil c'II ,.u111irndu' ;''"'"' ,:,ù,i ,Ju lhE-sJI. 1,... fnnn.ricr,s r,:'lll,~~IN!S de Li Cot,:, d"h.,,iu, (F'l[,11r :=,;,... ,telJ<l'lbsei.u, sdoo l'nthln f!I "'~ llflllll eace oli!U>.E-ru.i.lt'Schron7-ln[:i<[<""'"""'li.'"'""'n(:onat"Wl-:p;1n.11J1·:""'inw J1met1cdro(<.3'!(.!

dlgc (11.'<:a,:,c' hf,;,;...,, - Quarernalre au Su:'. n : '""'" I'"''- '"' socle pr('(-.-mhriMO ,,,;

0>111sliu,.i.u"li~11.1tputk"dufJ,lys(Y·.,;·,q

J.2.t.Socle b i:,d? d,: 1s. C"" i:1·1,•ntt1• "rt•••1i:•nl ~ 1.1 d,'.-f<,Jle, de !\-tari d11 ,n.r,,., 01.N e.l1i.<W1. ll

...i MlbdM5t -;,o trux pl!Fli<•s li ;1i11, ;,~_l';lll~ l8"MIIM.1917), ~"1'"'""'"' f"'' ,~ nMlt' fa:;11.~ du ~dn.011,l-s1l·1f!1.f!.1ilt'>i J1Jduw.ainci!l"Ct~c~:-i:i1ni:l11rn.-i11tcr•ulte1nni:qu::.

l~ ÙW11u.• ad,Wu 1'>1 ~l1uu..,O"' ,u11..;. d'tli <,.~~~-'~;~, '.fofilç_u, i.J5UU Ma. - ll:lltl '.1~'. tt 1"1;,,~1<)1'.11c :~~;c M~ itOO M.~. s,· mr,p:rx m .~u<:I ·::u·•• tir 1, ,:-.,-.,., ,1 r.,,;,,, ~ 1,:·11jj,··

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l.•Ji,,.,,1,.. c:n11,;,,t,c;i111,e c'"1es1•1-ul '"'''"'",li; .,.,dt i•·oi·l,-H.,,1.-,e>JJI ,:\1111.1~11<olt au

,-.,.,,..~un "T1'1,a rJrl~ •h,·nv-rn ~- :i~>III M.-; 11;1111 kla ["lomnnlrl, l!lfll; ·111;i.i. 11171,

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1;,..L,,.;.,,. ;2100 M, 21,;,.; \fa:, ~, ri='.~"'"....," ;"""'" ,1,k1ui ~~ 21:20 Ma ;, lSOO '-l• ll.cmllmt, 1H8). ün y ,1·:sc:-Yc des qu11·.211es. de;; r.masc:1u1cs et des ru;isslf; rnJgr.li.::tlqi.:~.

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1/i~,., :1, t~~,J· P.tolc·R)que ~,oplmtt d·~ b C:ot~ d lm i-·· tTapinl. W;J i-•o:.111,;,- i:ai

K:uax:~lan.19ic<t-'.

1.2 ..2 - Ba ••..• i• Noédimcutairt

Situ<" ~""" 1,, I"'r1i,·. :-.,xi ,lu ray!<.. le bi.li.si:i ~;,,..,,-lai,t ;, . .,;,;.,,, !Ti~ ot) ,,: ,1,;,., nrrr k k,np de 1K WIC allC!l'I 11lurlio.1ue dil(llli~ l;: Uk'ru, (Scr,,,ornlr.,: i""lu·iu Ui1ar.n

C'c':<l WI t>.1~~in ;I~ l~·re" nuvcrt ,. t"tJX1]fr sm; le S11J. Tl ,'~1<'1:dcmr" :'"11, \\· ,·1 7"'0 W ;:i:

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"hnnlu-.., ¾"rd i.icntiti~c a~ l'Ji.....,.,,~ C'~ntill('ll(al; n = d,:-s Ju;i,m~s .::ar~risèc psr 1.1 rrc•~•o.:L· J~ l''no~s Joc~ ,;,If•· le cordon lin""'l l>ilde ,.i,·c·.,..'.1..a.:c le s:<·~1tmt'.l•r."·1air,e: larc\CI';

L, p..,ni., Swl Ju bt1ssin correq,<""1 ,.11 putic mn:ir•· , . ., rn~.~i1 ~illl<.':11Mir~

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k bu•in rrofon,l immrrl!é ofü.h01e 1W SuJ

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,;~o km"'' il ,,·snd l: ;1om ,1., ca"'in Ji:: la 1Wlc-.! (Sllfllbo, Ml). C'"" dans ~,ur p,,t1K:

U.Z.3 Teuonlque O.u basMn 1 ,.,-~itu, 11·,:111,i<r•· ••• t-.,-,.,;n ,..·,1.,,.,..,,,,,. ok, c.-,1-• ·,,,,1r, . .,,, 111.,h.,,ar,1 llîei,

. b.rJ:Jle :le; L;.i;-J.1'N.li!l"Mbler.wr.t ls!·O!le!:. qu: ,:,;,r:~p.c11l11Ju px1:01:i;~r.wr.t •er. d:.T . .1l..1e rM lh,•t.,1/ :, l"hr<'f-n,r ,N ,.,-t,._"" h '"".1111 ••• ~lin· fil ('ipl,...i;l,,r ~, ,,..1..,;1, 1!11i4) tete l..llle d.Ms<' l• basu, Ud@-WC perues •~~i::ü~ (l'U1M, l!l19J• SttonlNI . .!Ol21

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DEUXIEME PARTIE:

MATERIEL ET METHODES

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l'.HAl'ITRE Ill: CARACTERISAIIO~ DES El\"VIRONNEMENTS DE

DFPÔTS tcchaf'.1"';h11,,·., ~" ,.,..,,çn ,l,.,.<li f1•·•e,·...,lt.,.,Jo,,.,le ,te1mrb~t1,r,r ,tr, ,rsin1·1n,..,r11., ,t~

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(MO • "'li~,.,~: .,~rw:g-,c 1' 1,n tk;,ot t'f. tJ1ùc~ mill"ut:

,., a,-.n,bJ..1,,. o,,.~1,.,h 11•• ,~ d:· l"•l~,n, ,.,. •[~""' d' :icrinotth.,, n dc dL-w:lalj!(l:~~ « ,Jus kq.1<: La mr.t1èr,0 "'!';;..-.1-1,~ •~ wn1:.1r- '1" n.~,·'""' r1 11, 111~· r;~...,.,,. in,l·•J"" "" d1-'" .., ro,hrn ;;..:.1IM;11~ mt~rtn:'dliltf~ cn:ro t:, dCtlK 1_,,.-:cJ r.1(.lU.O.Ul(~ ,'I -:k;sil<. D.11, "" ""'· 1~ ,~ ••• ;.,..,,., ,l"nr•· "·' ,~, ·,·~,;,-,,.~ '"l""""' p·1,,u ·hn·, '"' v:·""'"''

CO'fCLI.SION PAKTU:1.1.t: l" ,lt't.mnim'.:on dœ- ctr.-iroa.,cr.1<1nts ,:., ,1<'1•;'\t 1,c,.'1:~sitc .a ~-...,,.,,,-,,,n;,., rie.< dc!nll(.'<.'1, ;<,,1im<'lll,~t'!',i'11"'s ,.., Je.,, J.,,1-!lC;::r, prJyw.,~']"~~- \bi~ 1ft wmpilmioo dl' """ J~m 1:2~

cœeees p~m1~1 ,1., ,,,;~~~ <.l'l'li:..'i~,· le& m,s,.,.,..,..,,,,..ll~•k ,1':!pf,t_a

CHA.PITRE IV: CARACTERISATION l.111IOSTRA TIGRAPHlQUt. (~,1·r <::Ml:·., p,,,,, t,1.1 ,i~ rn.,nr.,, fo s'N.rltmr.~ la na1ure :i"; :·ormJllci.1s c1a•·c.c0. p.1 :u~ <'!Ulffut, fo~• ,t d ~,·:i.lu,"t" le~ propx~loJ"..> n·:~lh·cs ,_k<; ,,1;,,-,.,.,,, :1,,c•,..,s:•lt<,s

TV.1- J.TTITOJ.OGTF. m: PUTTS DF. RTNGT,RVTJ,J.T,

c •. •i•·,~,, ~.,1 '"'·' '"'' 1·•• i1,.,, ai·:;il•s l•l•'·i 'I""" ,Ir 0.:0,1,,,,, i.1u1ce" ··"•IL.".'' ,:r·, •• 1., 11:. ""

t •. ""··•ut .. ,,, lui I"' 11 a· ;1.,,111~ , 1·:. '··'"'I'" rr1",1 · 1..·, ( ,., ,1 c ·, :1

fora111cJ11.rJk.r,;s. Or. y c1ou~·e menmll le ia ciaJc-~,me et de J. pvrue

· H · ti4 m: Ar.rJlu 1iOIUbrt, ···.s.r-i?•••ntl,ntt,··,n,..r,or,r,a,1· .• ,"·' ,,...,.nl,1.,r,·r1r,r, (1nym~·,..,...,,.,r<.t1,l•h1

.rJ4.;11&n,:ArgllMh.irl<1l...,.

~e ru,·uu *t cor..;::1ue ~a:: ee ar~fu bartclëea :Ph,:co J.l'.·. Les d:f:'~remes c:Jor.::c-ns .:If c€s ,wle,s,,r11 Üf'"111i;e,Jlmn·rn;'l'l',l. ·:1a·, 1-<1..., arn·.,.,.,,.,,llll:ar,I, .. , .,.f,.I'""''" 00·J:~1·.rsOJ1: <if :·o,,:r, du milJ:r.etre ,.rn11l1. üc, J1ote ]~ p,~"'n,, j,. :ai~rtt~ <le dr'm~ c.:.,t.:m~~

d .1~ ,11 •. lljL •• k'.,j'" Jt LC..OL< ""'"''"""'""· """J~uts f«a, lUU~····"'· Jt a.,iJ,e fü,~ d ""'""~ ••.. -IN-92n1:Sall!Hgr0Wcn ! ,., ,:i:, ,,, 11»,., ·1',.•:11, .~:·11 ""''"'.,li ~,,:s»i:,o,. bl.,u,~. """"ludd,, el 111,110:.ls ,.,1, ·""" ~;,

· lt2 - 97 m: ArgllK bulolfes sablewa

.97.120.,Sablu..-.,.lio:n

l'hm ,o 1~ . _,\,~ik• tw io l~~ ,

IV.:?-1.ITIIOT.OGJF. DU PUITS D'A,'iSIXIE

2-?3m:Sabh,.,œq,.;u;,..,_ Cr,.;..-..-,'""':·,,..,, ·t,,~ l"'' ,1e.,_.,·blc,i mt1~r,..~ 11•• tir c··1h1r;"'r.r ~lu,:- L:-!;it"<.IJlSJ,:lt>I ~111:>-•ror,dls i. ar.=:111:... '.IL1S'.~dde6 a atombnll': d.;t,,.,s rr,qullt~1\ ;l'I,·~,, .c;. 1, 111~

-2l-4TJ11:Sablti1Rf0111H,;

-4l-53m:Ar1:t1enable1111K r.~ ,·P·••, r.•I lur·,r ,l",m ·,Ir ""e" ,ta°";":"",., il• ..,,1,1,,, li11< ::n ,al,lc, ,.,., <l1b .....,...il~~ ar;nrls lr~~tltkles. ün110le a.:coessol:l'mfm de la ~ucr,nllP. ;,i :.~ a 1·.~•h ~:,. liollm :Ari:il"'..,,.,.,

65 141111:Ar;ilrs,·i•11i•,

E,;•l~""''·: ,.,.., ~L,tb.,, J,, ~•urn:,·.,_ r. •1.: ..• ,,,·,~, 11 ,le 1, Hr·, .. ,l.111 ,·.~,, "' i ,· :·111~" l"llj

Co 11ico.1n o,· ,·m;·n~"'"' I''" oh, , .• J(s,i"'.' ~l;,1_1c,x11·.-., tk (UllkW' grJS v:-rdill:rt ~ ;kb:1s :o;iwll~11. C!l. ,:Jl:.t.J,E-! 0,11 JflE 1ut1t.·~ ml.:.iu,,unohl~. üu ,..,1, i, I"""•·,.." J".,,;t.)b,, l"""'"·--11f1·al•',:ior.'1· :i:ul·•••~-

" 21)

lO

40

50

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111 ~ ,u~•~• 1 ,111 -LI __JIJ;;i..;..__ __

IV,:H lTHOLOGIE. DRS 'PUITS D'ABIDJAN

leo.n;o,'E'au:s~l•uisll-'l~:Oll ?.-:llm,,.1~-..a11li,tP1'lli'(11I!"

(;ou J[j;:lk,:! Jnum-11..1"' .o::n tr~~ a!ttn·~~. r,,o~l·s, 111111 run-, a, J;n,,,;',.,, .. , f,;.i,1,., ~1 1·,.,n,1,ha ,,,,•s.: _- ,," 111,1,, d,- '"'"' r,,aè1c. li,,. J~ ,.,_1,1.,, ~"-',.:"<'i<W, ,vui;rtl1,~•- si..b--0t1i;uk·.r.- • li - fil 1•:!;able1~,091len

( "~ ,;,t,k,s """ 1111,,,i,-r,._ 1"111,IY< i1le,, l,l~ndS:lo:,,, a .... nJ:, :, >1.b-•111,,,l~,~. 13Lt.nrr1

11-ilm:.\rgil<••blanrh"'

-99- U?a1: Ar,;ile~bla'1Ch('S

IV .3 .Z · L ill1u l11J;I~ du pu itll d~ 'Yu l'(lll#lU ll

frm .~ e :P.1ni~HL~SLl\'S.11·, fFi,.u,,.,22) 2 2!1n1,.\rgile•la1""1tl,pa.

(ttwblfla1.<:h)11•s. "'"'"'"'";' ""'~·'"·'· 1n1r1•,l111i1l:"'·"""'"lb :. ~,:I, ;m!l!Jlo:<.I'< ;,,~,;·

tf•["'• ri orp1r,· ~a-,,,,... n 1111,n:.'l.,,il..,hbnd,r.

C r.,,.,;:ncs sont bkr.:t~s. fri~bl~. <. "·;~ ...,.;u,..:. ,~ùl•• ~,.~,.;..,,, ~l ~~u,IJ<,tJn

IV.3.3. Lilhalio11,le du puJu d'Abobo

-2-Ge,.:Ar~Lilttrtdquc, c,. ,.;,.,,,.., . .u1,.dk~,l .,,.1 •• 111stl'.ue pa, ces ar,!lles JaU11Uq1.es dl toul~r )<.l~·~ li ,n;r,r,:'. (.,,, ~r,:lk~ ,ont ticahl•s <"' ·,:yrlr,,. 1 nn n"1r. oc~,~<,iirr'Tirnl Il• la l'}•il" ~I ,Se, olrln i,, a:11-.tn~~-

·'il·00111:Arr,il...,bland, •• Cc~ ,w~~]c3 _, .. ,,.. éçakrr 1•111 bl,m,.1"·,1,.-.~. hl;,l,I, ,. i, ;1n1im ,Ir ,al,les fin,. 11~:":od.J... •• uuur.li• iL ,,ul.-••·l\"l••.u. ].., l'J~·'" rJ, :_uull 30111 L'~1;.Jul~n n.b-smguk.ix 4 ~n,gJlnx <k ,.,,.,1:•ur

'!IO-lllm:Sabl •• Mn1>.lo,l0

IV.-t DJSCl.iSSIOr. L·:-nicoot~ .f?) log;, dç:i pu:t:i ,ré;;cm~at de~ fncii:, ilrl(:'.O kté.."i.:~u·c,, a~ o•Jtmmt. ~.,,r 1, lu~ d'A.<• odr 'l"i ,,M~o:1<· "" ~aci~< ,a~ •u., ~r>-l'•illiai lU ,,.·.n;n,H (."o;cr• diffkfnc~ Mt dli~ rr:·.!,;l,lrm,,1 ., 1, t'aill,- rl,•s 1,!l"""' 1"i ,,cra,t t:w:,risé ..,.,.,,.., <i~ 1.- !"••·r ,urtiddlr ,~, l,l;ldA"'bi.,.

L, ...,.,r,,,,, n:,1;-,, rl•·• .,,~11,,. <-1 1., I''""'"•'• ~"·.,['~'Th ~ar., 1,- r-oi,., ile• l\ln('l·""tll.- ~-,11 ,.,.,

t(;r.,WJll; ,J',1:1 !k>fOt dw k<I tor.duL~ru; cal,ui et ~duct'lcl¾ ou "ll<!Xll*« ([l.l11nl11 ~ ,1., 1!1!16). T.-~li., ,~,·,; A.ssiri~. 1, ,111~ 1,irrrnlca1i,,r, ,·~ r.1 • .,,,,..,,~ :·;,r., Ir.,., . .,,.,,_ . .,!:)..,,,. t<.du:r~nur.dc:x,t :ar.~un :rulicu;ni111npcu profor.d l.',.,,~ ;,,~,-, ,1., 1,, :•·;"" •:co'I., ,.u, ,1,,.,.·,1, 1·11, .,., pl,,,,:, 1,,u.la,·1 lm .,.,·-1,uh·, tfh"I; loi~;.;, 1 ~" l•M~•·el!-em<'nt du :i·.,lle, ,-n;cr.n 1.~~1i<1d•~ t,;.,:>Rf"l•i\·..,,i p,.,. ,·~.,pli•Jueo :.,.,. /oc·I,·•~. <111.

"'"'" ,h· ,,,. r•""in1I,·,, ,~, r,-:·<.111·,, ,J&-:·s·vn ·k~ wls ~ul «nnlcancm J'cijsc:l\lol Jrs ~lt'nwms """"""'"!'"" a IK, ,m,1111.11,,,. ,i., ,,_ rul-,..,·r.1 : ,,d, ,<- al,;,,,:.,, ~,~,;1,.,,, ;,~,-.,1.:,,,, ~1 h;·1h1":,,1., 1~

Jl fa~,'-'"-~....,. la r~Lk- P-~"''·a J• la _,,,,;i.. .J~,,, :., '"""' ,i., ~~~'-' ""'fa.:i;., __ , •. t1., n.\~~LX a:~1kl'.X dL ~ut:,; d"f-.ss.rJc 1cma,pw C:u d~,·i:r,~pcmcnr d' m m.rm-ënv 1oo~cn1c.w r,,ri:o,11-,,,-~<;""1"'"'t& K:.,rl~11, 1973; C'dJldl~,...,,. 8. K •••• 1~11, 1974: Rlt•i,rtl, 1915; ,\lu,N

f-1 41.. l!WIB: '!,f,...,..,,."' llf., 1!183), :i'u·, au.x,lr.,e,lin~·"• ·:,n ,;1.,,.-.,_ d;, aln.,d.1n:-.,,.,. b, rr.illlŒ", œgar.lque 1dot1l.! vo_::è:J.u.~) et de la p~E!:lœ d'~:emem œ.ét:.lLqu~, :'Jss:us swto·JI ,ln-,~, .• ,t, ..,-,,n~,r·''"' I_All"1'"1,,1 .. l!llllfii 1.t~ h•--•."-i ~~ Bi1?.fn-lll~ t-1 d' Abirl,1on _;nn1 ;,,,._;,;1.,,-, :n~i,.,i~.;,.,,,,.,,,, ,1~ ,.1,1~, ")""' .,, ~,,. :·1'""11,11·•11 ·, ?'1Y'f'". a-1•.rfl:c~. rcs fùles scc1 ~Q \ v;,m ueree.es cnm:· d~~ .irg:::~, l,a1é:,i....."~-1lon-, ,1 l,l.11;,.t,es. (t-lie lilh,,h,..ir "'"'~'l•>·nl:, ,.,Il,, a:11 C,1·,1h,-,r1 al 1ennl·ml

Qp,l~ 41$1 Mlo-p~ocl)J!~. ç..,.: dw ~~~ :·œm.mor. ~u· sr 1rt:r.l'·• lt lliQp• :l'At,:d;..n

tir. te quJ ~or.,rric le for~-~ d",~;1:n:e. or r.~1c k, P":<l,~r\"r ,J<, d~IL~ 1}'.ll'l; ·1'<,~••fct>;

t.·•~Lif<',. Ju ,o..i..11 . .:.,. cU ••l ><.Wî:~u .• ,J •\ J\lul l• lld . ..Jul;lo, <>l ,·.n~liu.~

fqi11dr,a'.~tn""' tk ~ahl:-~ l'"'"!:.'''' '"'Ul:li,n C,•1 """''""" ,,.,,. ·n,;,.,,.,,,,, ~-, 1' "" I,• ::.~...,_;e..,_, '-Il"-'"~ ~-:,r.s,iJ..IE prU:d,.olto.uL1 d,, ,;ilkalr«, i,, ,.Lie J. Hl'J:>11. IC.5 rn .je p~ro:1dmr. L?ans :,, t.~-s;ir. ~6Jtr.•~-~:1r tt:t,• k:nmi;11 gv;1.,g;,-r.1r ~· ;x,r·:·;,,..,, ù.1<1,· Ir ~i.~a:r.c~.t1n ~t w 4·"!.'" (',; a<.:i ,10rM1.-.,. C,11r l"Mno; lin, ,,., r,1a ,•rr:•r, I"''"''""' ,~,-,, la

,,,. . .,,1, 1 ,,,_,a[;,~" ,,i, la s,~:·~lè ~Af.f\{ ~~1:l,,il• 1.,, ra,~ I'"'" la pu,:.udion; ,1·...,_,. ,.,;,,;,,,.1,

CONCl,LlSION PAR'ITEI.Lli

Le~ i:uu:s tiuilé. om 11.ne p,ofolldfucoruprlse-an:re !JO 1T. et 180 •• pai ra.lpmà n eœeee 1,,:,ngT•['hilJ"" 1 r'"1wl, llttnlogllJ"" dM llittMrnt.• r111irs •ni,"" ,'·,·1<1"'11,-,, ,rnl., farii-1 distUC'.!. 1 U'lllll IK ~f~I~ ""'IAhlf!s ~I if!s ealrni,..,_ f.es ~,·.~il"' .• .,~ hlairn h,·, ;, Abi,t_.,,

C IIA .l' l 'IW I-: V : 1,;1 U O liS E .D IM l!X T O L O G IQ t :"L M O RM JO S C .O F IQ U C

H T M l'.\t ".flA I .O G IQ l _l t , :

•'Jl".,cb:r :rnv~,..,, I"' le, 111,i, 1"io1u1;., ,1,.,., • •"t 1,11., ,I'->. ;11ij.,i:, ,Ir Rir,tl"l''il r ri ,1·'"""""' 110·1•, '"'''"' p,~·,•nr • 1':.r,;.lya,· sr,rr.1::,·l('·.,·q:i,, ~,, k1 r'c:xw;,i .:•=,. . .,., ;'~ n";

h, diH,-~c·tl, p;·tutrl11l"l /!f' nl!l,JfTI:iMq,11•, q1,:• '""" '""'-"'" i11·rr:,~,1,.,

V.! LH,DJ::Sllll:\llil\1'0Lot:lOUI:

V.1.1 l·,w,h1Hnndrlarmmrt1 •. 1:,.c 111tl~n,1 •• )"•lt•d.,lli•g,,n·illr. A"iffl.,l'i,1hidjan

V.U.J- Auatyw .i luwrprilullm ~ J'f\."Gluuoa. d~ la ù>l:IHII' d• eaco, d11n i.- putt• 4i lling,,nillr

:N;,1-, '"-!_'·11·1•,,i,i<,,,1v,oll:",1,,1,,,, •. ,.,·•,l,,I,,"

1..• ,au~ ,1, ,:.a1\u11<•11es t .111f,1 ,...,., l~o,<!,rcn.,i:c 1,.,11 .,llt·i 1J1, ••. ..,, .• "'-' ,r11<,·ecK,etl •• ~,-r, ';(,

(,, ""' ,k,•,i,,,,, ni" 1,n,• ,·:·lm o«l1Jt Utu-11, .,-,.,-,h.,,; 1.,.,,., •111i ,., ,;,~ 1 ~-111,•0 H :,il 8~'li, l.t.< dilf1',~,,., ihl~r,·.,:i~, ,.,-,n1 rors.riw., d'éll!noc, ,u,ntlflle.m ,u d,'tr,tlqurs l)a,tr,f-~.

- Tnlonaillt! Hl: (l Il - lltO ni) n.113 u, ln1<!!,illf lP. 11.1:.: ::t ~.arbOltMl:'dc c.alclu1,.1·Jg1Mtnf ~el9r.Km four all.~Lll.:t~ d8l ''illcln ut,; fa,-·kdl' f.•l"'lr:'t"'1w.i1· 1" 1~"1·:·,•-..,.11" ,,..,,;.,..,1

Dans .. eervene ,:o- ?~ ml. oo IKllt u.i+at-onda:.1cede dêb:ls :o;llllUei.l. dor.l ll fo11e prn,,,,.,.,. Y'fa;1 la r,'1J#' ,1r l",',w, l'lirin d':\ rar+inr~t':' d" rdd•om ""'·' r.-. ;ni..,,·a,11,, hndi<

qi;e :!.aru; l'L1fffiiJ.te {25- J 13 1:1), ce talllC de Cllbor:w:e :haw- et os:ille entrE O,OS et UO ),

a.<i;ll~~ ~ et 7.t :alc;.11~1 (:>qa:UJN"S ~ sa eec. k :lll~ d~ ur1l;::,wr5 d~ uldl!n a·.'IJr"'"r~ grnduP!l.-fflfnl ~, . .,., lo profu1.dt>u,. ~ ••• 1r.11J1 .>1·~1n: •n~ ,~lat1r d~ ·JO •12 ~:.

·-~------ J ~j ,rrr:?: ?~n » li ~ d ~ • :; " ~ n • " N 1~

mi \-===- m. '" Ill W, Ill, '". ,. m. UI·

l!1' '"

-· l1t,mhlU

-llffl'n11lk·l:l)"G.l111

Cet :nl<'n-~lle "'""'~nk: J,,;, t.iu Jaibk, d~ c,icN'Ol;n..,. :·•· c~kiurn ,'!.rillm de O.~? fc 1,r;oo;,

-l11w •.••.• 11~111:63-75m

L ·_n\Hsdl• ·~ - 6~ "' o,I r,,,,,..,:, a·,;1e, ••• m, .,.,..,,,; •. 1,,,,,..-u ,1!!1,1::,.u.,, (ar,111.,, l;,1~·1· .q11e.1 c ,h· s;,1,1,~ ,;,.,~,;,.,,..:, r,. ,1,n 1.,,,,,..;. ''>fl·~11,,. h• , . .,, 1,n,r:· ,s., ,·ar,.,...,.,., ,1, ,,,,.,.;.,,,.. n,, 1ll!rne, J,.,,. I..,; 01i,: 1.,., 1,1,.,,,1,., (f,J - îfi n;, ,-:,, i..,x 1rie,e1.1.., un, lt,•.~•• a1.r,1ri,m,r1a:1 dù n11l,,i1,1~,rn··1t à 11·1~ pfd;iit, llur. I~~~~ -:le: ,.iou,.'11~, 'hri,lt, '<'"' 1'ar., l'i',,,·-,.~11,· Î(à %

.11) lu,.,,;, "'"'""":~11 •• .,,...,, d.. ,..i.,1,... ;u;,iln.x ,., ,._x t,a;_,,.,. E.,;;u Ja ,.1·.,,1.,,~ •. 1., o.l• L .• ,.. 1.% 11 l m). ,:;, tiWX r.ugrr.~:ttc kgm,llllC1lt proo.Lblcrr.ttt il la pesencc i' ;irgi:b blan:t,;,~

-ln tcrn lk ll:7 7-,J.1 11

l.c t,.u,; dt (4!\)()<1atc ero:1.~. t_:.., ,111.-,,,... •• ,n1 ,:o,mrr'q:~ ~nlrc 1 .. 2? et 4.,fJl ¾. On

l.l/6%. [.'Sm.::r'i31k ,,: - 77 m) œl COll9lÎ::iè d"~/èJ,1emis '""""""~11~,11,.:ul J.!11itiqu,:;, ,J:rttri!I\ ,ntil.-.

,;.,hl, .ui-:·1~.,_.\ Cd~"-"1-'IKf,..;ralt k tf.ÎI tàibletn\lXd.-c.1'boMl"<t, <e•licii:no. l)c mên,.: dan;

tç• .IJ®.,:o, ~11L-.ch.,, (77 .,._, n,1. "~ i...w. a.uJ1!1,,cme légèrcmcm 11nduiS1t11! "'" J'Tè"iritali,,n 1,,,:-._ . ..i.:can,,.,œt.:s. l:.liin.,dr,nsl"IDl"",,11,:,<1.-, ,,.,.,t,;ii - 1:-1,,;,ccUIU'(.:stlhlbkdû proboMt'lnl'tlt a,,x saihl..,,. r,n,.,;~-.,;. qui Mlfll d,,.<fim>lllNei il la f,;,nrwtioi: :,~ ~1,rhr,r,~ C3I' ;,..,c,den,ili,;n:a&itéctti:rbul:at.

\ '.1.1.~ - An1>l:,,,o, o,i n,...,.,,,.•1ali1m ,1., 1·,; •• ,Julil,11 .i~ 1• ,.,.,,..t "" C11f.O, ''""' 1~ puli.

Le rnr.x ee ,:;,rb01:a1? de cat.::u.n nt !allie. Le; ;:uop,.<tlr,n, ,·~·'"" .i~ t'l.21 il 1 ·1fl 'li,. !.a rnLfl;11·H1v,co,lorn-,,.,...11<1"é

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\'.l.&.1- Tt.lad• dl' tran5port ët f'mimnn•m•nr dP. dPjlO'ls dPs !llldlment~ du

puitsdf-Blngtrvllle L• dbp)~mn,~ .1~ \'lilltr U089J, a~:-i!lqL~ au, sé.hn~n:, rnfull es~, Ri:o.~,,-il • -;F;;,:"" ·L• 1'1•'. ·~ ,-,•1rle""' ~"""" r~:, pnpd•··nn, (l'l · ? 1•:- 'Ji \lo,, co mat,ns -iu-:- la ,~lt..Lor, :1"~ ri?r,,,.,·r,,,·,,ul,·cc" '"'"l"'"''''"'''"'·''"''-,:li".,,,.,1,,1, R•të_,,,,il:•if..; ;,'!;,:, 1-' ••. ~iteu,, 1• ,.,~clèli,-till.1 JJ lt·e~ Ù, u •. .,,,,.: J,c,, J., J • ."'.<'1•.M> d.,,., ;::or.Jlo~l(,r.çu-~, montre qu :'. k l?ilf..l~un ?iJL d1ww~~ c. ~.illJlwn M :~ m,,d~ d;· 1· ••-•p:,11 ,k<, "' ,:e, !l""'i~,, (i(• 1~ ''""'I·'" · .,;ol ••kco ~•I 1~ ·"''·'"' <J~ 1t•1"1.,w. <l,,:, •.lbl•s r.ioy=: :,u) le uoo~p~n par ~lThpcn:a1m ~L k mcdr (1:' 1;ar~:ion fo:. ~a·:ks fw miooma.ircs l•nsl,-.<darlill"·"·

T.t ili.,p,'. .,,,.,.,, S,,,M.J '"''"'"' <r•" :,, oli•l"'"'i<>·, "' lkl i• ''" ..-·. ,tm, !:• ,1-:ormir,:• n,J,v,:, ,,1 J :b 'i,, d..ll~ lr donu.lnE di pla.,q;~. E.e 1>1.lre, 1~ d:.'11\l••n•u• t-..f.l:S~ """'h~ 'I'·'~;, di,I"''~~,-,"' r,;, 1 IOC, <,· ,bus J,. ,1,,m.1iu .. , ol,• ,~m:• duli,o,·, r ·,11;.I~"· tir ,.,,, 1lic1grn•.....,. ..,,..,,.,r,-,n· 'I'"' ·,., '1\hl<'.; du 111ti , ,I~ l'li·,r.•coi!I~,,·• ~I,, ,11,·u,..:_, dau•. ur, ri>·i·: ,,...,,.,.,.,. ,1,. olhi,1 '~1" -;,.;;,,. el

V.1.6.2 Mutll' ilL· U·a1.L!iJ1•rt l'L l'm·irD1WCm~nt dr dt.'pôt~ dr~ !ledimcnl, du

puilsd'Aninie L41;1füih1,n ,1,.,,,.1,lrVi.,hN·t1969J ,n,,e,lo:,e:u,nm.l..S.-,,,lot cuèl-11 A~·i;oi• éF'.1o,u,.,-;,::: ,·c·u,. ;,,,;, l)i 1:•:;n,ial~1n, ,:PI-P!-P:;;:, La .isltaUal\ ::2) ,·~: .c ,i:ù.1" do l!a,q:,1.-. d~r.l.n.an:

,.h•s,f,ll,-n··u.,,l,\"'"l"\!l<i!:'',I.

'< y • ,· ln'., Ir, .,,t>lr., :7"'·''""'" .,,,.,. ht,,;;11111As pu .~11~1111,tt f1 ;:,a.~.clbln,::n: p~I S1!t..U0f ..

tud., qUI' lu >i:.tki 1r.~.1U1 ,ot.l Uiimp;:tr.é~ p,.r J..ll•.auon ~. ·,., oa;_.lr,; fins ·11i11111·1~i·.· Jan<;

I,~ rtlmnli ·,,,,. ·::,cs,:'l'"'"·'i1111

U-f'~~·--''-jf l i n ~~

;:-

~r,-=:-_/ H; "" st

IIIJ ~,, ,~1,is ..., ,1,.,11,,inr., de ,;,.;j,..,"' ,I~ 1Jt1·1~ 1·(,li""" l.fit.'",. -1 i.1

:1 "'"" r-:·"'"'~' 1 ~ 1 1 ------ " •.•,. j -,., .. ,.;,,' ' " ' " '!

':) i

V.l.(t3 Mode de h'.a11~p1trl ~• em.irOU111."111r11I de dêpûb; dll!I ~ltiliwL'tlb des

pui~d'Abidjan

\'.1.6,U - \fodl' df! lr<1n11,pm-t •• 1 Plninmllt'11a·11l de dépûb; d~) M!tlliue111q

d",\l{J.w1"1" 1,• d,ai1i1mrn·1c 111· \•'i.1, •• - {19&9] :r.el ""' • .,.;,1..,,.,. 'lu•l<e (1; i, .. ~u:•ll·,.1> ll'l-:''2-1'2-1':\J

lf~ue ~s:. L: .no~-: dt t:oll'por. le ;ù" ;io(T:ITI.Jlt d~5 sati.,·s ,I" -,,,." ,1'.\,t_iairn.; ,-.1 1., ~,,11,,,,,., :f(l>i.; • ai ,-,.,~, ,,hsmi<1·1 .I~ l~I'" .i« """'I"'·. ,_.,,, los ,Li~H••-•l•> d.i..ses ~,a1111l,11u~t,i<I""' ,ll<ln!I• que: Il) Je mms~on: per c:1ill':li.!t(· s•t ~,.L~::,,,. ,._,_ !<, r,,nt:· rl •

tM·:•.-.u·. fiiO " ,,;1ciflf•P pa, ,u,prn.~,r,n eat J~ 1;1odt re ,nu,~:r. d-:=.; s~bk; fan,

/ i j 1

1 ) -

/' JJ flgufe 41: ,\pphc.:.uor. dL lc,;t de V1sh:,i ,.u.~ 1ed1rr.-:r.n mc1fi:·s d

Lt th1~1..r.1,u: 5,:,'\'.~ .nonrc que Li dt:spm:on ;c :.:.1e ~ ~O ·_,:; :fon:. :~ ~-,m~ir.: cr-·i:~r :i il .'•I'¾, ,lm":" ,1,.,,,~1-,., 11,· pl;,,1,_.-. Ft1 ,1·111". h, di,_0,,.1111·"" '.!,_;:,~ 11-:,11 ,~ •u• l, .JJ•l-"••Wu.., lai1 t 100 1:. du1, :c jaff.lllt~ de :iU:IC :ar.m:. La ~::bn:t•r_i,.~,.,n ~ .,,,_ dfr,lm'r ~:f!'., 11·,

<eU\"ll•l'l~,1,0•1" tl:•<i,epi do- \l"' 1h•ii•1<,,eO 1li;11,,1,ui:e1e i?:_o.u.~·19;

V.1.6.3.2- Mede d~ trampurl ,1 •mirnTinPml'.nl d" dl!p6b dt!Ji :wdim~11h, da

puil!I rlP. Yopcmpin

1 ~ nl(,1(k;1 (~) .!;'. "''. 1,:, ,rM,..<!r ,r;,n,p~" dnr,lo,ant rl>< sfrllnr '"rl' }Il'!<~ •.. \·,y,c"G"" ·~or~ rn:oslJt,;:u ~m· ks ,a-Jll•s §fu<;.:,itr:i sut.1 .ra.·1·;~,,,,1,;.; m•j,~·1.,i-:•n1--,r1 P•" ,-t,;,ri;:i_,, :•I

p•n" . .l]e,i, .. ul ~" soh••· , L,.Lk, ,m,,·eu, '·"""·; <L ,vul 1,.,_,_u,ù ~._ >;L·L.,

,~1i:15 qt,e tes ~,1:lcs fl.'15 p.., ~:,sp:r.,:Hor.

r,,,1;.~n,1n,.,.,,,,.,\f1j,••111te:·u.,1,,,1; .. 1,,.,,"""'":",1.c.l!nt:,,1,.,, ,,,,,,,.1,,.,,,1~~1112fJ ·r, dai,s :. G.1.nH.~ pl..;:~. uru:b q·Jt l~ dll~3mme Md:s,: moot"~ 11:,e d11-;rcmor. à \(I,~ •:-,

,.,~,.,

':.'~""'""~'~' ~ .. ,~ 1 ~r

.. t .. · '" -~ '" •...

"

1,wtsd"Abobo

:·21,r~,.,_,:,.;11m::o-,.11.-1rnf·H1-11,pnlali:.u,fPI P 2P2 P5:.

i.111,uih:.'AJ.du, !'.,- alllrnrs. 1, . ,.-am'·ls,ul·-n ;,. ·yp· ,t, '.r,nsp:,n fon, l•r dlff(r,sn:(:S cl,ss,,.-,.

i,,1•·11~""''1,h1,.•~ 11,,1.-,1,e que: ;;:, ~ uat\<1:,111 I'"' r.ha,rlr,~~ ~, rnl·ari:.n ;,,1 1 •• 11<1>:1-;, .1~ l'iWLlj)Ofl dc,s sencs !.fôs!Jc11. ,_Ili '.r te"~r.lJOrt _lar s~·w on <"'1 le no:>.ic 1c t1l 1sp:,1 fr~ 50J:.-1 rn1y:,i., liifll,1rn·1•:11n1l1m"""'11•·,si,~,.,,,l,·1·1111J,•d,-1·w·.11,11l1h,..t,l.,,fl,.,

l• ! r c_

1: .. '°. ' r------:: .i

1 ' ./T .. : I'"' , ....

Figur~i>Z: Ap11 ,.,, -_,,,. oJ,_ r..,,, •Ir \'bt.,,,. "" ,,_;,1;.,.,,,1, """"'"'· oln 1mi ~ ,r,•.1,,,t;·

Ll; <h~;r.,JDm,:, ~~1'.,ld :m;,r.!:"~ lu,; ]~ lfupcr;::,i1 ,;,,; 1;,;_ ll lU •_,;; ltJCis Ir ,.lnm,1i-lo, ri,-;i,11· ,,, ~r,').',

d..._, :, 1Lu,aJ1.a vkll""· Eu "~k.,., 11' ili~11,1..o,111.• M,J.'~~ 1.1u111.J• """ 1., JhJ."'l>L'-1 >• f,<Jl <, 100 '-"> ~-TI~ l~ :lorr.~m:• ,::~ d~r.~ ,otic:-c. ( :.,, d:~gr~Tr11:-~ mworw,: ''"" I"' ,d,ks du roui,•;

,r :..~,,b ,..,. "'"·1 ,1,;·"""' '·" •. ,.,,,,.,,,,.~,-,.,.,,1 d= J~µ): ~ 1,-pe ,.,i..,,t ,. d«r.~ (Otlt:? (l .~• --~ 5))

\ "'.2 - C :\H .A C"n :R ISAT TO N" MORrHOSCOl'l(JllE ]ffS 1~1-lAli'\~ 1.n:

QIIAJ.nz 11 ·nt1rr-t1,:lo.~,,~ .I~ ::èo:,il :b ;:r,,in•, ck c.u,:.r.z 10t:r.ù 0.:<'> ,n,J]l".,,,,int,s l'"',.i~w,., ,u, k,

11>.ici11:s,~cc, do ""''SJ:>31 Cl .:~rntuclktr.t'tl. ,ut , mili~u .. , ,i;J: 1,,,,1~1i~,l. L'obser.-cr:<11>;, I·,

1<,or-c ~""-'''·1,,i"· ,i,,, c,;,cr,c, ,c-l.,1il', ;_ 1~ 1.,_nc· ~; j ,·,,r:n -J~ suri a,,· d,·, :.r.,i•,, ,L ~,.m:,

,1,·,:<,l<irn•hp1ul•

\-',2.1· :',,forpho1oopill' llf'< grain~ Il~ quart, du puib dt nruaervme

puits d~ Ui~~JTtll~ nml,-,. 'I"'" · •I h·., f'·' "' ,,crs,1\di, ,q,rb..:illCm 2(1 . .i~ .,,.:, (; l.~>1,ib·11Sj

:m;eJk::."q·.Ii"r.11111,pn.,pxtiuC\<l<·.2.l~'','>'<'"·'h""d;;111,

$ub~~m,ndl~

~ob-anguleuiw .\oi.ul~ur.c

V.2.2- ,1orplio..t0pi<' ces gralns dt q11:•ni tlu puil~ tl"A~iuit

l~'m Q<,mfJ'8m • • Qtisai- ) _,J,.' ! ; I.

Qtzu m Q.u~-u.

Qtz1t

Qtz s-ar

,ul,-ao," uti., ·~.ale·r;,"I 11h ~l,1m·Vo·is ,::,•.~ .',I ,,. ii·. ~.,,;,,, _,,,,, .,r,;>11J"·1~ p··., ;,·cnrd;rl<

Iezs.

Sub-a~ii;,.i,1~""~"----'=------'---~ Atiau1 ••• ,,~ OJJ01:

\/ .Z.3- :\-forphuM:upi"' de~ graim de quarn dH pults d'Abidjan

V.2,3.I Morpboscoplc des grains de qua1·1î. du puîl\ d' Adjamr T.,·, r,rn,,, ,1,, qto;or:,. d .'\d;:im, ~~~: d~ fo1mc a.-.- .. - .. ,d.e, ,,;,-,r,.~,: i.- .. , ,1, .• ,.~.,.1..,,., • .el

:oup1l,:1.1~, ;:, ~~x. :r,.r.l'lLICldes aH•: d.,; :.1u1,,, ,,,.,,~;,"' ;·, hl; ocd<« ;:l"I,; ,, 'i)

tl·,.·Q<,,,,, ·· Q<uo Qo•

"'" Qt, 1-a~

~

Qu"'

Q,rn

"""""""'

j·, k, o:·.,in, u.n,,ndb IT('i .,h,,u.i,.,,-5, ~:,_ti '·.:: Li_, k, ~ruin, rnS-a<T<>r-,li ;"~~ ;:; % . 11,.:, 1 e, ~ "' "' h :u,;,illc "'' ~v,c l ~-1 <·-; Cl i~ l .r,; cr_: P··, ;.,, ,, u 1, '" '" _.~ 5 ·;._, : ~,,u il r<, .,d. rnh :,

r .• hk.n" XII: :"r,,r•"'''''" :,.:l;rèv __ , <iè.s.filférc,nŒ fonm•:,<l<·•l"'"''·'h, :·ui\!.J'AJ,':a .n~

p,,.ronaeu om> 94 î'mt~cnt•R•

s.,1,.,~_!!I_.,_,. __ -\ngult•Ulî

V.l.3.2- \lorphoSC"opil' desgr:1in1'Ùl! 11u>1r11: du i,uib d,.. 'i:'1Jpi.rnii:on

;,,n•,·;mn,:1•,_,1,,?4J

~n,im "mr"I,• 1,.1r, ,,, r~h~11da11s1. ii:, k, ~n,iru, ,·.11,-,,r·,.,.;;, "''" l"'~"''li,~, J..: fo.3

·, (ut,<,n:,,n1•q, ;;i, 1~" ,:•1ins sch-s.1;w .'cu-s rcpn';,cmm. l'U '.'0 (f"ll "~''''"'~'"' "'

~rciruc u·1;!11l~u, 'I" l"~'~,,1~r11 .,.,.. 1'ailOs 1•1"1~• ti-,n Il.~"·,.,

~ ub -u ~ u lcun 51

V.2.;i._1- J',lorpl.iv...-u1,1ic Ù•.,;1;:rn.i11~Ù~ qu:ul:L d• puits tl'Aboho

1 .~s f.rai.,, ,!, qu;ut·, d,i p•.nb J";\t-;;.tx, p!'l.',,:mcm J:i f;,rnc,.. urrnndh.-,;. ,uh-,:.r'"N"iic,. si;)>. a,r,~uk "''""· fü >llll1 lnül>lucidcs a,.-.,c ~"" tcim.:,,_'allJIL.S CK'Cll1~é~, (T'horo 1.<·,

L"oru,lysre <k,s .j_jffrr,,mes furm<:.s de ~mir.s de q·.1aiu du puits d'_,.hoi,, 1ta!'-l~,w Xl\")

Ji.lln~u,: qu~tJ;• 11·pcs m,,.,~J1,1l,1~iq1Jc>s ,k ~rai""· •f ].,., ,_r;1i11•, ,,m,rnl;,; "l""'"'"''"1 ,·1t

tt:.c ,~u .n c !OA •,; ;.,~~•11fan1<1 ifl lest.••'" "·t-~rrnn:h~ :~pri:scrnrn1 ll""' 1:·, u,ui "' '"" ,~.(

,: ;.,,,.,,d .,,,.,1 : 'if, 1,., i-;,:oiua .sub-ar.111ul...-,1.~ np~senl•:r.l :,.~_:, ~·. ,:ai1,.,, d,.,,1S:1 ,1,, t~ _.,.,,.i..uor

U& Pourcrnt.•J!t"

V.3 <..:ARAClt:RISAIIOKMTNTIRAT.OGIQl"l:'. DES SABLES 1 ··,, nJ" nJ , . .,,.,·,.<41. ,c,..,L,.,k · l.,.d;t rLr"n.,.·,:.,:lc,crt,C,;n 1·~,., 1,.m\

L~ :,,.~{-" ,,,.- .. ~·.c,·,,:-c.n,J rlM ITII 1c·.,11, fi .,·,·,·m· XV",,;, •• , s,',I UU·IL"S •o:.le,~ ,:~, dlff~[l,.0'.S ]~11,

,c comJ'-'"' ,i,, (;:, ·,, ,p:e11~. ,·oiw=,ol tl\V. al>on:fa~'. ;inc ur.-? ~ro:ionl·;u :!<e ,111 ,,.

• l) ~ ,i ,e r ip t io n 11 •.• q u t'lq u tt. m in t rau , : lm 1n t~

L"ilm<"lli.., (d ,:.·1 i, 1.lïJ.,., ,k """1~ •• , mûe i. ~run noir, IB 1:1~m~• "'""" at.~.mcmc '"·oc '.a kDo".lr fü \11~ 1 ~, J•.rw.-o, """' uJ>J.la.in::i. ani;ulru.x ,;·-u ~" l;·n,~11,, ,1c, c,~t,:,. plu, cu llKirn "-''"''"'"' 1 'ilmo'n;11, ,-.,.._, diffîcikr,~m mén)e ;:,_pn';; .m lt>Oj! lnJ1"1-'"" (l"llrf.notf H

ul.,1?70)

l ,a r.uik Cl l'in;iu1c ~om 111....-.,K"<> ,-n f,rlile 41,;1111.ilé 1,., ,~,~, . ..., p,~,.;,utc gi'nèr.11...,...nr '""' rn,p<>e> ,1~- 1,~,in, a·n,,.Ji, biu.1 ,o~~ 4,-; ,e f,mn,no ;; ;,11;, ,k ;·;111,~nit~ pr.r ·.m proocJJu;

b.ydrothffil'l,JIC"'ilh,,lm,WIIIII

\'.1-IJISCUSSIO~ Les ,;,.:u,~,~ ~rn,.~h•n<'lri<1,"" ,,1~,., ••~ ::r,\,,,1111·,11 ,.n r.,_;b •.le- :)p~ $"!,'IIIOl<k S-:Ju:, l""t>raiTi •• (1!174}. Lail'oud (l~S3), RMue (19~2 : 1951t. A,,,.,1 li\; B,111,ion (200!!). 1,

kl:.11e ~.n • S" 11!11,1,.,. tkes-.dol«, 11,r.,J'•Jlfrs,lur,, l'n mù~n pkisoC.Jmol.ns,.,.ltt-l1'«' ll.llC

,-,..,,,,~ho~ ~ci pan!:ul~s l~s, le ,._,,;J, s.Jù.o"" a:.,• ••1 '""'"~~~,,,.,1 ' h ,~t;Os •'1- ,,,L,pii" J

J;i ct,ori:;e ·J~n,1n•I"" .. <;.111, Î'irml (1'1!14) l;i t'nrrrr r~, ~, ,_n'U ~ OC.10'1:me,, , ;'.,a,;U, de

.~o·•,;·r-.; · <:~'.t !llJS ]~ ·,~ni dosJw.,, ku. buJ, Jes ri,·i:m•,.

l..1 f;Oarml,,rn;;l!i" ,1., · .-,,,.,,.hl,- ofr I.· '·,,ctlo~ sa>:eme• ,11~1.!n, ,1,,,. ...,1,1~, 11"'~,irr., <1.,n,

r ,.,.,sc·m ·,1~ <lo,i; plll1s, celio sJ;,pn<<Ht~ïb ,,,.1 ,,,, <1·~•·•'""' .,,_..,.. ·.111t ml'r;tw t::~; cjevcc Lo I' """" 1lt"l erniM ,r~r-cnrn'~ ~·r I,•; dJ:':l:'ients >.W, ~"'""":ut 1:.1 a,p.~: èn "·'""; nlsaml, c~ 1pJ Jal~~ penser qu'lkarn ~4' r:lnipnlli's "-' ~ru· :li•,l,,r , ..... ·aoth-=no: longJt par l'.-~~

·.,, 1= 1t,.,,i11.,n-, de, gains OC qtlilHl so.t-,mv.,db >,..,.,litjw.,,,;.,.,1 I"" ,. '"""I""'' tic.•, sMJ.r,,,nti. dao,os ·m ·uilit·u .,q.l<JJ~ .>l.lr u:1~ :lista.le~ œoyc,uc \P~d1-Jft•11. 1!151). s~1""

C;dllcu- (1959), les oimotlMê! lul'Jalr.ts dr,m /,,-,1 1..,1;., "" .,11h mor.dl5 ~cl :l!'octem.:;;;ucs

rulli"'.1 .,n41i.,~il'IH"m,.,·,1io·•n:al µ1,_g,-,c.cJ

d·o:.,,:t.,,1e1.,, fM1,1u,. 197~).

t::ONt:LUSIOI\ l'AlUlELLE 1..,, .'l·.uh•s "'1linn~11,,l,1,:1~n ·s r~.rlt~~s ~ur les :'o,a:i;e,.; .. :no •lu,.,11 ;_ d,~ -kl,b.w~ nnfrtJ!iilllti

con:cnu.lt :.a d(·fh•l,1-, d~., , ,,.,,i;,;,,,,, ~,•,in,n,,-r.,...,-,,·r, N èfl-'ôl L<, latrJt dt, ""'""""·"' ~~ ,cokh,.,, s,u,1 ,.;,,. <a,1111:• ,r."" r,.,r;.,.nl>k ,ks fo;~G~S. Sf.:I 1~ fo:>ft, d. ,h,;-,;, 1n1'•a:•rJ., ,1, .. ,

C• qui rml,.1,~;- l',;pa::<>fc,i:di'<'<ll'""" <h ·rrili:•ia n l'r~oluuon Ycr1 un ,•n1,n,1u~m~n ·11•1,

p.l·~ oul•e.~ Les ;.;ibk-! sont .(::~'Sl:L'S ~ ru;_.,.,,. cL,,,.,, r., .•.•• ,u:e 1,.1, .. , d~5<f< ;, ·"•11, a,s•~,

;.,rè:ic:11a111 des DS:01ll~S ,,e.; !ci. tl.',n•_-,,,, x· .. »i~" "' r;,,, ~;,,.; 'I',."'" .,:,11 ~l·i~

ll'"''"l"'"'"i~u~. IJ,µ,,-.,·."'·'"' _,,.,;., .. ,-,,i,, .. ,r:·,.,.,,.,wJcuadt;L,u.n:u.1E-it!dlni,;nu11.-,,;i..i, ;,c,,..,,.,1,,,,,,~ l1h"'. ~1 ,11 t,~.,,~,a: ~n,c.uio ·'" .•• 11;1 ,~, 1,., Il"',-, ,~, 11u-n1·, ~:-,n,

,,.._i,~ihoin,·ne·,1 .,nh·.i\l'.·'le·.1x i s·,b-,1,,,1ndl5 5L!«('f~m une soucc pourvorc= rr:illi~ami·r.l di:iklc l~lln,:i <JI': l'~:ip~c•. érnoo,,.,, h"""I ,,., .. H"dns <::,nflrnlP Jeu, s~J~·W" E-JI rrJ]LeV. ""·-11""'· U. u1,1111ilati<>J1 il,, luuW~ CH dour.tes l_l.lhol:;11:lt. c-llklmfül<- M cr•~nl~m•m~) •

1mi11. pll<lill:>lc lïnlnprt:ia:iun p;JJooo.;:1vir_,muTt,1•r11~1 .. , ""' mil m.:.. t1.l .1.,p~,1~ ce• ~.mf;ll6

,1.., :liff;,,enh r,.,~..,_ 11, ·a.,11 d., 111ili •• ~c,u, .. ,..,ub!.1 (1.~~e :lefüe li dJLlf cotlèr~) t·u.:1111"-Cr. lOll> b;oocullln: « ~u mLC:n.11cv:;ic ,;:,ir.:;qu.;- d~~ ~ch~nlillJIL> a n11,r11u'1111a• lae fr.1"1lr>n

M~~, d•·• sa~ile, tir. l'~""''" bl~ Il•• ~~i•• . .,,. ;,riua.i~""'"'" '"'"li.u•., ~~ 'I""-·" (60 ':~:·

(.11APITRE VI· ETUntl. PAI.VNOL()(;JQl'E

YU- CARACTERISA110N PAT.YNOLOGIQt.:E DU PUITS DE

B1NGrnv11.1.r.

Vl.1.1- F.lude qu.otitath·t

Nrn,s a,•u.,s :&,1ülk ::r,:•5,le '1~ ~• ,k ~,.-....-~ atglll.ÎD:i .t •. pJc,., et cm-iran 5 % dt· ,liru,l~·,1..:, JBIIS l':D!=t,I •. ,lnpuic .••. T.'~dccoœc:n,11Wi, d< =ralynom~~,e,.tu..: •. 11.,.11

Vl.1.l-EtuM qutita.tivc 1., ·.;1,~k ~~illlti,c dt ln potl~·roo>fl,,"' d,. p1li1! de llin11,1nilk a rcnni~ ·ut,;; •. ,.~, i1: uumbœux

paJ;,.·uomurrh,:s r,,,.,.~ï . .,,. doru ;:d,,U'l~ "1n1 d'in!crl:l ~r.,liy,.-41,hi;,u.,. Il s'n~t ~"'''"""""t 00 ,pntci ct i;m,bt:> d, r,,llen ·.cl~ ::;11C: ('i1,w;,•x,,,:ite, hi.Trip/,,,,_ l!r1i1J"irn.'1~>'f'll."II irrcgr,:U,;.,·. V,,,.,..,,.,.,r..,p,>.•11u li!'MI'"'·'·'', f',,("'''"'~"'/otitn ~~•·r,,r~11t·ulalw.,. ~J,;ui,.,w,ill, ~,11'1111111b:,, Pr.ilm'riwl:~,,.,,.,_. lue,i~am,. 1•.;1,-,r_.,,,11,.,,1·i1e< ,n~~'"''· ~·,1,M!ltJ.lh"""'·1,ip,.,.;,~_,

: . ..t.l ki • 1t a : :r. d1noni1f:c:k-~ :,:11:or.trt~ ~J~l C.•c .•• ,.,;,11:,,~_1,.,;,;,~. /J,,.,_.~.1.,,,., ,S'o,i,;/Mo~, """'· v.R.,·.•-,,.., .. ~, . .:,-1,ro., .. 1:\'.,',,.,,,,..,,,,·.·, ,.,,:.

VJ.l.3.Pa1)1md1·a(jgraphlc

,li;,,-1,.,· 1·.•1·•"' ,,. .,,,.,; i, rr,.1tdi~~~,n~r1 ee ·.a palyr.œi1a::i;nphl~. L';inil~~, ?•l~rc-1"1,rl'.'"'

~Il pu,11 d,) l'l•!;'"'illr ,~.-1 "' r¼.i~-ncr ~ •• ,.,. .'c"~' ,1••ini., 5T~,,. ;1 :1-<· a,,.,,,.,,.,.,.

,uu1M•''""""""'11"1.,.,,,.,J.,pu,..,.•IR<lln>:l~p0Uu~te:ares:1Jooky,;ccs.

:1 ~S: c;iracti:ruc 5>.u le,; ~]Ore~ c,: groins ~., ~·Dl:t·ro~ ~'Uiv;ru,: r,.,,.,..,,,~,,,_;,,,e _;,..,,.,,p;,,,.s. r,..,,,.,11,-.,,,-.,,, ,, ,,, F>.,,.·.•1.,,,-_ .,.,,.,..,,.., .. J,:, .P·•··u:,..:J;;,:.,/.-'l h1·IJ>1.n

~n.>f,c;;;,.'i,:; ,~·ra:c•ù.!bll.l. N:Cftr.co,'prmlr~ 1-Tc:O,'llkITTY t's;,,r,,-,,,.,/"'"''~" "'""·'"''··

:J,.-,,, .. r "·'· .'f ·: ,,.. .. ,. :N '/•.rJ.,~ ,1

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"'l''.-c,rr tetl 'l"" · 1-.,,1,,.,.·n("~,..,. ,r,a ••. • t·re·"v"h,,.,,.,.,.,...;_, ,,, _, . .,,,,.., ..

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CJitOOldadt (J~nJ f't"'' ,,,;,.--r,'rlser 1·1 ,,~-r· "'f"'li~u- "" :·""'""""'·

Vl.1.-1- P~lynoriu·iffli l'f erwironn~ml"lll ù~ ùl'JNÏl la r,~qL,,.,c• ,~Jati,•e d., p<ilynor:iorphe~ dilll~ [,., :ml:s de H1r1'""'il11· ru·

1:l) l'J'J> c'ad,,, 1,,ly••l•.J.\i''"'" md•,L·~"' .i~"" f~) eu,i."''·'"·'·"'"1:1 J~ d~.101, di.ili.Jt<l:i

1i,,.,.,.fM1iio•l(ll·.ilm) Oa,i,i Cli!t u.-..,,,-alle r:.n~nltn:t~ (r.:ia.,:én: tq;urlqu;o <anl,,n,i"'".1 ,,., "'' l''"I'''"""' f,;;,;~., r Ld lnèl'I' "'l''" la ,,,,,;;-,...,,,e_,,,.,;,l"~'-'·" ,lr1u"ét,do,sune.wuc,f.ni::1lKn'.0Xyg~ru'

La,m :1lb ,0 1;;,1 ·1iqn<!.1ao:.,,.ftln·er1-a l.e~ :ut.1rlchct .11 '.!l.1Ll!e• :rn<ll lt:,i: :g..ruquc<1r.1o rpOC

1· 1.,, ,1u:· dtl111:r dus lo; tm-x,~ d( Rolnrt. ( 198.i).

B4li<1Hdi"1'•"' Gnrin (111111) <>tt" • ..,,-u,I" 'l""r" .,,.,n;,rv, "'&"'i'l''"'irt,,,,., ~hy1~rl;osi••.,

"""il•.1cld~~ ,:,t p!lll\le e:1 lll31ltres carbonlsE-a! :rul:qu~ :111 ~1i1·1mJL1e.ne.1t de dépot rtdie er.

n111n,;1l,-.,,e1,,.,,. '"J,0nC',-/ L'eteeece de mJc::oi:11.lC".(l!l s::.1f~·rne u~ ~r.v.r,1m~1·1'·•11 fo ,1,,,,.-,1 ,h• 1_,1,.. m1111,.,•n1.,I "·'

le~ou,r;od;..2(ftl Ulm) t:ans cc s~a:i·l~t.t~. :~ p1ui,wUuu ,n., •... oJl• • .,..,,.,~,ll• ,..,,,,kJe,~U,,, .•• , ••. •-l~'.'I''"-'' 1.,_rf,,Js

J•J% ,Il l"·.•1c"-·1:!b::· ,Jl- b r:,~_:i·rc L>T11"1Bq1Je C.:cl:c ~ne:11.aoon d~ ~a 11,a:.otrç QJ~Wqo.:c

,1,,,n.lr~ccnil••••m•'••n rnn11..,1.w,.,_.,,,,yt,"•r1•(ri,ll111,.-,.,,t1r11

I.~ mi:11A,,., ,1q>jln.r~,~ d;,,r- •lei o\JH,,-;.11• >SI ,.., 1'c,I ~ ~,-. ,·il-1-oil~. r~1 a nAi~·e ,,.l'.,ni,11:•

l.lll<ll'ph-l' .e ]l~ te S<:\l'l fOlllle d~ ~ar.dH ~lJ~rtl'.Olll de oo~l•• oran_,.,. l rnLJron. d~ """'''"~ ""·' "u ,lj;li" .• ,...,, ,ia-1':i< '1""·''""' pl:•_.,.,, <:.rln,nj,,<..., t:r 1:,r, ·:~ m,1;;,,..,

"';!:onl,rw :orrnrp.,,, .-....-··,1><t·1<1 ;1 n-11,, t'l'llrl<t :,ar t:non (l!lffl<r.lt CSl d·01".glrl~ :mw.n;, Da:i, :.• ;, 1~,,,. •. 11~ r~,. .;,-.kl~ il "'" ~""-'"""L.lh,11 l!u 1 •• ~ ,1,, "''' '''I' arirn-n, f,•:;r,,,:. l'"' r.,1,ruo1,,.,.,,,,,.nu1r.,1

].,. 1nü.:da>0"' _,;01 I"'" rn,..i,..,,, Îlll'\; ; l!,c;:1. /..,,;, :-,~_1.,,_, ,-.,;, ,1, l':·~•••f :•u

, ·n,11,-r, 1: .. , ···n,-d · .·,) t1 so,p.l . ""·, ,,._ ,h, ·1·."i:r,,pla·h>1,nfl· ·, r.,,.,-,.,,~ 1,'~," SchlDler H a}., (!CUit :m .nor.t~ que [E..; ,11.1.U?r!~ ml',anltus p~se,i:o"t da 1<-Jlos

V l.l - C A H ... .\C I1iR L~ A T IO I'" P A I .Y NU LO G IQ l-l i, Pli PUIS Il' ASSINJE

VT.l,l-Et•dctJU,..11filalive

Fi~ 57: l'n,•:.,rlirn,s s...--.:rnriclJ.,. d~• difl"L',rnL, 1:<llyr.0111,::iph'"" du ~uil< ,r i\.ssi.'li~

VI.2.2-[n1!1Pq11alit:a1i,·c

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TeMrwlJ}<JTilr~ .,,,, .1.f,,.,.,,.,,_,;;00(1/i.,r,;i.,, V"'·· C·,JJ'lh«li,p,..,iP<<! •/'., C:e~1,t:,,,IJ'SJ),,i1,,.,

,i'dM,,:m~ls. L.-iolril'°"" • ..,J,/~1111/:<, rv,:,poJ;,-,c-,,.;-.p.,,,ie., Ur'..Jw'i:,· .l<.1r;.rnm:,,lpari'~" ,.,.~.,,(ill.P.eritrn·mpn,i/,:sirmt;,1!(1f.'.J Tn;-q!pt<,,.171.

1 ·a ,aJ~.,., p~l)'l"OlO~J<. /. LhOL> l"E,•olu.'.ic·a ·,~,u,d. l~ :, .•• ~ J.., i,llo., .•. 11., J't1u.l~ du. ~1.l1s d"A-~11,i", ,.,., ,~, ,i,i,hnc cl""' d.:g,~ f.1 ~"~""à:;, tm\ ... 't:i:,·e d'aw~:;,1;,.,

•~"'r"•fr ·~ ~pruu et i;r._;n; de ~J.,,. e< J• J,,..,i...,,w, • lf.Ml,,.,t,,.,J.,r,:,..,,r,·~1 ••• tlde•lîàiM.iom

• l"E11dae supffinor ~·,!mul ,1,. ll.'i ~ \Mil no

Lz, pr(,>•-"~ J..,. .,,.,;...,, ,.1, <1.n· .",,..;,,,.~·•-~.,,-es· ,1:.,:,.'cerl~i, 1<r;:,.:,:,4,,i.-t:i!5 t!"N;;i.~r:,. .~r~'JJro.1:,::,/;:.,tc.~ •'<'Ùil!i!l~J. C i,.,,:,;,m1•,,,.·;., ,;,,,,,;,.,:.•;\', M-sri;,~,,_;,.,.,1;,, .,,.,,_,,,//,:' •.:.,.-~,.,,.,,;-JJ{".'ti.'(~ !.'S:WJI!~ penuua: d'u1r1buer ~O!I .!.~f.. Ro, .,ff•· Sa&ard Cl,Moldaf.fT (1071; l!1'1!J: HIKI; 1!!18) ~-_.,.~ _, •. , r,rnrs pa1,.,.,11r.orrho:-; ~ ml; eu f,.Jdeu~• l'Ld"~ sui:~:lE'.1:' da.u le .:a;i;lf. ·iu C;;.n•rc,w,. Fro ,.,,·a,wtn· 1 r ;1i,1:•1,, l"SlitG' ;no('~~ mi:m~~ ~spocr~

,·.·";1<,n:1. o,,..,,~.< K11mpp (l 953). roa.1d1,,e, 1',.f>?<• c.,,11,,,,,;..,,,.,,1;,-.,.. ,,,m1,., c~".ml~ 111d1cw:ncc de: cccer.e ,,n AIJ •• ,. • ...,..,, i:,mJ s ,..,,. C.n•k.,n, {1954) 1·aw1~re ~ l'üUgocèM mo}~ O!f_ .!i.,Js1,-,11 •..

v1.:u l'al}110ratib el enwironncml,11 ,k dtlplil\ 1.ai l"11'•1rn·rn ,. n,la .,.,. :'c,,; p;1l;rom,01p~~s d~:,~ k ~wt; d' A»i.1,,e r.1cc en ,>,Id~,. .•• .J•·,., f{• s,u~-11.:l<:'1 paiyfloio:-.Jq,..es::a..J .•• ,.,...1u.-u :z; .•. m .. ,.,,., . .-, ,~·1L,1it- d,-,.,·,;~,li..ii, ••. ,,

1.,.,,....1;,.1;,,1(n •• 111mJ Jlm c~ 1ur,.,-,•1:1e,: .rwti1:lit~ Hl er. Jtupr,11ir.,, 1,b f.d.al• "' 'I oi ;..,1,11::• qu:· I" n,m;:,.,,

1 ., .,.,,.,;; • ,n,11 i,p..- ,!,.,,•; ··:•1 W11·~~,,11, c-~l ::,,,. riche m •,1u-.r.1!< l,~tto ,·,mn,ta f.l"

1·at,\~1>·A1l011ni1 u1i•u•• .1., ,-..,r~ 1nri11,,., nrP.Anl,pe am:IJ,llr 1•·:.,wn: qu·~lk est ::c ruu11.-.: huml/tr~, et loné:nlll wr. :-f1Wr.f tcn~~u~ 1<:>1:c qu dc'f:11lc du"·" m,·,11:> d, R,lh,•oi. ( 198~). Les p~~oc:astcs p1ésc:~ s.::m èe pm:c œ.iJc. au1c-m01phc-s de ooJlc,. oo!c :r. ee p:-~poruon

lktm!NMllue d Gotia 09!11» or.l ,,m,.•.u; ,p·u,,• m11i~,. ••xa" 1;11,0, ,,,~ ~, 1·h1:~c1.,1"' 1a-1•lud,II'< ,•1 I'""''"' 1··, n1Uif~,., ,at;.:,·,:,,~~~ :ntlt(1m: UJ1 o:\I\Clr1J1tmr.1Gn1 dl, dè;ot r1c:1c er,

t.:~,_,, ,~ ,.,1,,.r.., ie,. la l""l~"li1111d'i·11,· ni,, Wll.l"""' r .,,,.,ld,~;tl,11,r..,,·,. ;·M·~m: par."ol! 1'J',;,:, de 1"?1i;e1nb:t ~ :a 1:1a!Jè,., "'K"-•iL!J• C.-11 •• •uo;,1,~·11ai,..., :1, la ,.,.,i;e,,, '"H;1t1l,1u1 tml,uni~"" lr<1tllll ·.m -;1tt:lrctt:ioll:nt pilVlfc rn ::>.11Y1,enc (~11:.Cu llllDXkpcl

r" ,.,.,,;;,., •11u;1w:_N<• d; 1"' ,.,,, ln:r.-,,al t :•11 u~~ ckh~ en ~nr:nl:c (1r~111èrl orgac.lque amo:-.:be

Ll !Utlèrt oJJ:;111:qu;, ,m:>fpli.~ l'o U·lt• ..••. ,.,._1,:lalir,r ,~ 1r,..4~,1-., ·.:"' k,cirw .,., ~r, 11,I,.., l'·~"U"llrs dr '""l,•·,r "'"''W ;• ru·r~o. rl, m11n1,,., n~ :, dJflu~. ~·.·oc '-""."ui, ,w,14, .•• pl.a(,--,; r,irb:.nlièoo-. {:~ 1:i,1~ oie n·~1i,,.,,~ ,,1;::a,11,p •• ~""''"""" ,,.,..,.,.,f"'rrl ;, ,~11, ""llrlr l'·" T~•1>11 (l'lH) <l'" Ml ,1-,..1,':lnrm:ritw Dam rec ln·,wo.lJi ,,11 o.•, ,1., ~ u,,, 111•.u,ml1li1111 •lu la.,~ oie .-r,·n,:1·;.-11·11m., .~~J) par

l.,i, 1111~:,1, .• \1~, ,,.,,, ., •• u .,.., brte~, 1_10~:. , 1 ii<ei,:, r •. ,,, --,.,,1~,,, Mo'~ .i• r-·-~,~ 11·,

~chlole,· H .ü .• !:!:1111) uuL .o,~,m~ '-1~• lt, 111•11•.•• '.>.:!(.i.l.1.,., .a:~,e,Ka·u d.: ,, l:1:•

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L •• , Hk,;,1t.> ,a.,c.._. Je Dlfll,,eW K .i .. 12011) J.JJ~=icl ..i..,., J.,, a.A,ll•s ,i,:Js,:5 d<'i co,'l.>ios de bi11GtT1"lk la pn'srnœ de l'IJliçorn,c m,crq·,&, pa: -~ Josie p,ù•_.,,_.,. ,1,,,. ""I'"' "' ,Ici I':"""'' !.<t_;,.,.,,h:J·.,·:" :1~;;, "''"'"""'· ;,,,k.in·, ..,~ .. I. ~1,., ~"" .:.,., 1. ~.,;...,.1~ •. :...:t•- ,.., JJ,·t,s~s "~?tt"; n·~,,, ru Mt" li,:,r1Hl,',:,< 1. ah.,,.,,., d....,, ,t,. I IH·!l",.+r,,· ,r;r.,. ·, I"';,, rt,· P.in~N,rn~

fOWT US.10'< f'ARTIRUF l'1111t. ,,;e riu~l~~lih,<1 qJar.111a11,·c d?, tclwr.Jlor..; a foit ~pp~ranrc ïecsenee de ~~t(J:r,;·,x; ~-,,,i;ii,.~ uo,tln~ (l~'""" ,r,, Jin::lb;•"I ,•,; ,., :C a,.1,e, :i':,il1• "'" nu•i·~~, ~h-s ·:1 .,.i,·11!.s,

""'""' ~rtes,r'""'"'·'P"iri,, r::nll~n '"'"Ji., ·ri• h-., ili111•\..~""''"' ldlfT,',.,, lot L'<.uo:p:~nti.Uor. d!'I- dl1ok~kto ·:l<.•5 k yrlls •l ;,sslirk 1r.i·hu1;d1 hi:•""!mull,so•rc,ei·1 ,lu

T ·.,., ""'" l'~t.sen~, d<' r:)J:1,/lo,'tU dan. li'\! èeic:c J!tl:IS :.Ill d·,~Hll u~·.l•~n· · •·~'., ,.,.,., """ J.s;(dafi,: ~rorl;;-,1phiq•,r M ~ni ""' ,·:~1,: ~u ,1 , "''•" ,,. -~ \fit1r~i:~ ide,leu, ,w lTor~c '•11['.'M'tl"

CIIAPTTRli VII: F.SSAI DC CORRELATIOr>. DES .EN\'IROt\:\t.Mt:N rs llf. lll-:POT Ul.'1HHl41RF DA\'S I A RF:GIOJ\' OF.SI A.U:/\ES c~ ::h•pi.,>- I"-'!""" "" ,u:~.li,l~ ,.,,,e Jt .,.:J:,.,~"'- -" J,._,. :. ,~.,;oo des :,~w,~ 1,1,. i1cc~tr,\~1,fo,:;l~1.:nc:\b!d.1411J!.J.1i:icrd.lt

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Vll.1.1 A11al~'R <le la co1·rc,h11io11 lltholoAique

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VIU.Z-lnkrpritatkt11dfel1roffllationllrholoitlciue l.:. corro':,u~u Ulhulu11Cq..., ,J,,., ;,où1, ,i'A!.i,lj.,u ,-1 il• F!i,,l",""';11,· """" Til' ~0>K>·IJl;;11c,,

li1h1h>.""1''~ r··1a··;k dt~ pJll:L l.. un11~ '.I) '-'!''"'""'~' par h-,, ,Hh es ~'''"I"" ··,pl,r,e n,

n>lt, d.c'èi,Vl•Hilt';,"'''"""'lu;,.1a...-e,:"rn:,,,,.,,,,,,y·:•.C"l'.rrtt1u=r1·,s~r~dor.,;lt

,-,;,, ,~, Rhg;~,·illc ,.·,. pu:: ck encmte &n, le; 11ul'.• ,r Abi•l.i•11- T ·,,., ,~ ;:~:, ""'""'"""" ;,..

k, aii,iiw> '"l'I'""'" , , •. ,>,di"·""'4li•11• a,·,,,."" ,,;.,~,u f· . .-. ·.~sL• faibè~ i meëere. Sa tOlll~ot

l,lan,:h-:- tral:11.11 u1:e !)AJ\"1'"1 •. e,l 110,II...., ,,,1:,,1-lq,,e "~''"'"""'""' ;, "' ·nr1f'CIT 1,1·nl">·a prw ,-:~ ,,.1" ,: '"' ,,•ri~ll•jlll" ," rai.a for!li ~n~ d• llllllll• c-:.,irlqL~. 1.·u:ii1.=- ;~-. 11,ff,·~_,,,.,;,. I ·"

,.., '""·"' "·'"'''~'' 1,ut, il ·,n r.,..,i-··,n,m'II· ,!,· <l~p& ;grti ~,·cc J..lC !o.:~.,,_.,,.,;.,, C,.1,

L" .:,i!o- 1~) n·111•~·m "" ·,,- drs •nl)ile,, p:-6ct:.W des ep,.!Jl •• ,n, dt,;.r::.lsi.-~l•~ ,_1 •• 1,e,.,1 ·~.• r.-.,,:.1

a li.!:. L '1111 .. IC' ,:f.: .,.,,.u-,,.., d~ •• 1,1~, _.,..,,.,;~" , ,Ir, ":miw•"" <1·•,.,...;,..,eff:'.< :1·u.,c-;1 li L,1

,, • ., '" p,··•i-1~;· d~n, k m~m-~ sens. L"lltl.1~ :·,,:, a,11,;11: ,~, ~'" w,l,w: u1:•,-;,r,r1•0>

F·, ,,,.,,, .. ,r Ir, 1·r.h, •.~: ,., (>·'. p-:,·.1-.ol~r.1 cor.,:..twc, ,:k, rue,,~i., ~·•d '..- pk., i.i,lt'11,a1.h

,1,,..., h pus d~ Y·o}"u~w, ,1 ,r i\d_j.,1111'. c, .. ,...,.1;r1l. dk's t,i:;c..utrn·. rnn.,;id·.\111.i ..• ,11 •. 11, ,-e,,

\'11.Z CURR.l::L.\'110N BIOSTRATIGRAPIIIQCF f>ES PUU~ DI:: BINGER\"lU.E C:T D' .\SST'1TP. L.: cgm,J~tmr. bl~1'.ra:ig:~pl:lqu~ de, J1Ji:S ,le "l ,,, . ..,,i 1~ r :: · .l\~,ini~ (l'ie,on, h:·J ., ,-.is r1 ,~1;1,t.11,.~ j~,.~ ""'!-:"' ,t """""'''· :, ,;:i~,,ic I" \1i,,,,..,~ :el':·r::'Ur C!1 l"L,:c:n: ~upmt·Jr.

l!i.ns le Ç<J.IS d€ lJJ.lFt!!o'1Uc ~ Mlu:è.LO 1..i,l<",l~IL =>1,··.,.,.~ la .,,11, 2:. ni,•, 1'1 ·1,, 1.m•li, ,p,:·

druis k ;:uii., ~ .·'i:;:;iill~ il rsl toripris ~t1'.I:: cl7 n: et ~5 m ... : est <illl'-~lml·~ p'll" d~, ,_,,:w,s N

••t'b "''" ""'"'' l lies d~h ·la r.a,tm,~~• "' de- ram; ttbus fo fo:auunlfèrœ. 11 ~1 ,~p,ét;l·:it~ df.lla k, pu:.11 d·A11lola p.11 d·~ .tl~k1 ,.,t,lru'"", 1 ,ntJlh~ ·,,.,.,.., rnnism,fl,1 ,le 1, )1. aùl.Ulll!e ~l ,lc,,a-"'C'";n,,<,p}rite r ."F,,.,;,. ~ -oia,t'·h·•• ~11 .'.omprl~ enrre 5L r.1 e: 120 :n d;1n.. le p1.1:1s d~ llln:,r~•~ill<,, , .. R!i "' "' 100 m t;,u le p1,1h dAsu\lc. JJ .:-u u,~r·Mo;é par d,., "'f"l""'> ,., ~-lu, ,Ir r"IH" •i".,I ,,,. dœ k~'Al"S do diw.1fla~"l 1's. ~uc· le 1il.m stralip,a~hln". l'Eo&t l11pkltlll dl;l~ le p\dll dl' 13i>l!l •• ,·.1l• l<!,L ,·ai&:lél~ J)a,; une al:ormu1cç dr ~,1:>lœ w=;rr\l rt ,f.,Jti•• lla>i"""" .,•,r,nc,u!',I':,,... rnn.-lN' ,l'nrtif.,,.,,m1u,.,,,a1>1"i"''1""'"·11ena,11 de5d,~b:ls :a:loacsct de raits gr.LJM de l'YI!le, 1"tnd.ls qr.e CP.ns =~ )'U'.11 d1\Y>1'.u,·, r ("' ,i,uc,itl,,' p-11 '""' ,a.,.,,1,,,,1., ,:1l,:airr,,,:1r illi~'' "'"' "" .., f'"" "" <1,;pël tl·••-•l"' ,·,r:r, ·id,~~" ~laar.r,nilt

VD~'l- CORRFJ.ATTOX DTiS C.NVIROSNEMINTS DE DEPÔl" Dl

TIIKIIAIK.b • ,o , ,,..,~;i.~;11·1 iles <1,mr,1'1·, l 1h11sl·-1li1:rn11J.i,1u1-,,, .,~.limei,l,.,lu"-i'lu"' d i:,Jvu~l"l,i'f'le>

..-,.,.;-,,,., '< i' •li;- ,111 -,,,.,t;,1~ 1:,1•~ d~.•<dltueu ••im ,1 •. , p,.•,lmrn•mF~ndJ d/:pr,: ob;c-r,t- ilL

co •• ~ mi mtl.;1:1, ,}J~u •. oi:. La lltb:Eua'.l~a~hle dt- 1".w;m,bl<1 dœ pol:s 1:mott, ,Jt: 11a•J1

• ·,: ,, •. ,11. ·1 ~, •. ,;1,... 1•1~-i ·1p1•., [Il .1M!w) .\:Yc,1r.:I 5;dùsgros!>.l8Is'.•la5o:rr."I -X.•,..,.L2 ._,.._i..,,,l1•111J,.,..,,,,.,.,.,.,.d1Jo11>l....,,(Oà·101·1):

l.es i~~ilts cor.Lr,,L1~.1l J• ·"'" Jt~<l• c11<Jullh •I 11,.·liJL> d~ ~·.~•R•. •L w.1l I'"-•••> '"· c.aib:naics de e;ik1uu. La ~i!dtmcnrnuau da.1~ frnscnbl2 a'cs: dfmLtc tor.1 u:

VIU DISClSSIO\" 1 ~ ,.,-,;l,.lin• r;i~,Jlu~q•.lt tlls r,u;,, ,I' ·'.loidJm, ,•1 ,1,. Rlr,~m-.·"lh ,10:·u'.1>· ,1,.,_ b ,,.i~l.ni,nt;.UOf.

,·..,. ~:.·...:,,..., •u mén.e "-"'''"'" J,,i,:1 k> J..(fo,.,,. ..• , ,u,,.,, wd ,· •• ,.~L~u-,, J.«.I l• •lrnliu.dc

Jela1u1,,l'rn"l('~)u1;1.ft.1!11J··,11,,-.C, ·1,,,·ss.L1,rni ""I ,.,,_ ••. a.,cwJ.,·.,., Spcl!Wff & Ddlitll. 11966). :.e ti.s~auti.!<" de~ Wl.l'-'> p:,u:ra t ùxp:1qucr par b; pcrio~:::;

CONCLUSION PARTIELLE 1,, on{'arki, Uth:-Joii.qu~ J,,. ~Li1• do, L.Jll!"-"'·''lk- ~1 d" AL,;J1 •. ,. ~ ~~rnLi, J~ J.J.u,'Hu"' J,ou ,:2.1 1. ,-;• .. , ·nm·ip 11< 1lm1s ,:1•11,_, ,,,·11· ( ,. "" 1 1·~ ;1cg·1,,. :1w1'"li•:111cs ~'anche:;, ~:nr,bl't'l' c·

la ,.,di·,..,,1;.ti11tt1l;ou, r,,,. ..• ,.,111, ,"psi .,m,.in,e ,,.,,., ..,.,,..,,;.,,,,,,,.,11.-.1 it,· 1}11r,;,-;,~\•·.•I

1foM cùc.i!r<. Le ,,.L-.:..ou ~,1 l• ,:1uJ• J. L;a,:,cun J •• ~lL, Ju.,u.:,..,,._ J, r.,,,,,.,,,..L,t~ .J.,, ,,.•,5mrrob r.,, ,m!ù•; ,.,..,. c·, rc~J~'1t~ g:~;;1-:cn. ,~~-~w:,ndL~ ,1 ~ut .. lrlf!UI<•~ d~ l~l:ir~

1 CONCLUSION

1 · GENERALE

'lrolft' r·,,,-r ""' -,. ,.,,..,1,...,11;,.,, 'llt"'i;:_'tlll'!1i:;u~ ,i.., ••. ,1.U"1es ,le;, fwna 1ijh d" •11b31.rfac.

d•• :,'pJnocs ,.- Abklj,o. 31.lJ:"'"ill<"ft AMlllll a. abou:: ux ~ll!lat,; ~111,.lhts

La (;,1a,· ..,-J,a"m1 litlu1,uw;,,;, . .,1 k11J~ rt.... ;11.i:. d" At..id,11·,. Jf 6 0,11.~•·II.~ ~• d"A1~!nlt i RU ,.., frl1.-.,• nc"\l,fadi'.\ hth~l"!;l')'•r• tt .<agt, 1,-,a·i;llrs. rr,,..,t,1..., ..,,1,..,. ,alr;.I,...., 1,-.,

~w:s .j'AdJô,M, Yoi,:·J~ 1,. Aboi>:: pruem.,r.1 d~~ n:,·e•u~ .11i:;1Je,u; t.e :otJe1t1 blimcbe t.rtd.~

~,_,.,_,.- .. ;,.,Ji 1~ Joi,i ,r,h~1.e q,.:, ,,~rer.~ .Ill f,1.,;.its ~i~lN.\ (Oqt.ille.·; iJ 1otrunet. C.&e

dl''* t.n 1.si 1111· .. fll•1h '.1:rc,,x I h 1•1us-.,·, ·<kt .11· ,hn h "'""" 11'\ ,· 1

;. 1, /1occi<,co ,.,d,kJ,~ "~"'" •. ·" r..,.;,1~1-"" Ju r,,._., , __ .,.,,,;;,J., .•.• ~.,...,1 ui,. .wiu.~•-lo.--'"' pu 11c:ur.1ul~aon bbrc c: 1LJ1 u~int:rt :f~c,:tuc ~ill" !>illt.:non. :..,:-.; scd1.r.1.:-r.ts ~a.':k "J1 iœ: ;,""-'s,icr., ~ muy1,m. aS><:, L,i,,1, ~ rl'll ·:~·'"''" ,11nfo'-q;I<)., ~ ;r,;;,11t'11•,_11,·, ,.,,..., ·,., ~l,',r ,,, 1, l"11<r11-:1,1~,·

Les ~rair.5- j.- ,11a11z som m~jon111.remer.1 sub·an~u.Jeu~ l ;ub-a:,r.1:dJ\ ~Lf..r;,'rar11 ,m.i ,w:-:li' i'""~,c:ycn~ .,.,.h......,.,u <1;,1.r,. 1~trli• 'l'"' r, ,r~-1 r-n,~'"'" 111......,, ,,,. i;m't.• "'"n<J."'" ,,r

11;,ci,pn· <,1· ,,.li1•.1:11,c:•us"••"" r,n3.,rd,sL,11.,e_f'.~.,-d ,1t.-.1.., l"1rli,-,i,nJi,1ule,da,.,1.,

1.· ,,~..-,~"' ""'·' 1,;,.,,,,_,l;11r,, ,., "" ,,.;.,11"·,:;:;,, 11p1,11u,• ,1,,- ,;,;o;i.,1ill111 ., ;1 '""""',;_ tM 1:o (rn,,11"'1'

;,.,_,,-,,.,;,:•rn,,., !''" <I"' un:,,_ Lt r,., ·•:,•1 1,i1·_1., ,,-· .,,,•,•idlrn,:•r• <:1~,,-;1_,.,_, :IÏhi,i,11iw.

J;,•. ••1.~ 1:• ,.,.,. u••mn ~="' t·~- fal.111!'1,1ac,~ I«> l'IIIIS ,1','-lh.1lj;,11 t' d., Hin_.,.,·,ill,o. 1,-.1~1,, 'I"~

d~n; k f-Jm :·,•,stilfll-~. (C '.J:J'< .,1,...,,- ~ s; sn·fo,~ '"'n,wta111 J;C"•rr.,·r,nrit aver 1, fort' r-'· rcc:•,1,.1·>11,,.1111•-"',,½:111'••t·,,.n,-1lLL,,1.,1~·.,··K ... ,~-,,,1.,_· ..

<1, .. 1• ~,~,,. ",.,.,-, L \!: 011. ·11'ü~1.1I ·:v:en• ,u · ·_- u.. · ••<-k..,1·iu,.,·1•• J < 1.x

pJ.t:I p:1:;;•r.1e.11 ck:i ru,mi~Jrui,c~ ill.' n;,·~~,1 des op01cs ct :;:r~ir ..• d;- p~lk.1. ,~c:iJs qu or. ::iotc

::IWerrn," ,.,.1;,l,I,- • ·J ,.;, .• ..., Je, J.o,~,.,_.,i,,,, •Ju nul• "''" a~we1.laliui, .t... <liw,l}·>lt<>

,Ion• h· :,o·il• ,. A~,;-,;,.,_.,; <r.,.·h1in1î1 r~l'I"'' •• n,1bsern~1,1 ,1,. ,,,Ill"" P.I l"(hlll.llor. wn au

en..-htUlle!l;~r.t[Y..:LlplJ!QU>·M:

(~r,ie·,.;.r-nllyimt""'lni::i·1"'

:;,111,<lf d~ r.._, ,1c-·1~io,,. puts a ml> an h·kl~.1c,;o :::tue: ry;ies de r.;ipp,n aquû'll'l' [Q

,.:,:mthe-..:.1 m-..,ln~.I '.·\h·dJ:n M h·n:l'"""" le•) ']111 ,..., "~l'ln'I~ pn111 r,1;,,.,•nhhhr, ..,, ,._.

1~, ah,: ,h, lai l'"I"'~ li<n a,·i,1\jo:u.,i"• .,, I,• M:msl1'd li1•·1 (.:\ssii:l~L J., M.;.,oiclt:1t1f-n fo,;·

"" .~<>JI lrmji,,n 1,,.,.. l:t "'"'" F·, i:llH. wl :n nili:11• p:•ul î ·'l\1l<:11n:1·.1 i• 1>: ,,,::,):,i ,: 1,c:m· [.,

1 n ,.,._,.,1t,1~ '""""'" •fpof'.m l dt~ r,:,mpkn,e~t< ~ 1,1 r:-n1ils~1l'(C -b t,1sH1 sld.mcru:~.st (,,,....,.~ • ., ••. ,1 l:r li,i: un:• <:1 nit esi s,n,., .• u h• 1:•,itl "" ,h1m-1 ,1",1,111:·, -i1n.i,,,.. Si ·d "~ • U:1, u r •••. duJ•.,·,isi~ ••. J~ nnr,·,., 1,-_,, :'c,11,ô.'*' s::dir1c•1:ul~~~~= ut.w11•s ;Jar 1'1•s durr,,, .• ; G"~t11~t·;·s c·. 1J~{!(i.ptq·x:;

•• · . ., ,1 •1\i:"1"' ,lt, 1~«,1,k,.,. ,,., 1,, ,t,4ti:-:1a.,1i1~ :-;er1e,.1 •• , 11 1,.,.1,i ;;.,11" ~,"1 ~,1 ;, . ., ,;,. ..

- e[11~i:,.,rdl'e J.1" >:urle e.,n•~npl')<l• ,,_ \i.~rn..::r,pP EJi,(fmnlqJe l Bala)"al,,~ ,:MEBI poot

, ,1:, 1·11,1 :r..,. iles - .. n ·,.,,,.,.,.,,r :·1w11i1:.r,,.,n•11• """ r·.,111,,..,,.,,1 .,..,,·~ .,,.·,

lw·,..i·,:r,<1"1,,.,1,,,,a·l:m-.,s - tarac:«Js,: la lhcuor. ll"G"Jel!ie per 1.. ll1'1bo:le :le :l1!hmt<i.1 JGs :a_,·:ns X. L:J:e ~-Hr:ie:ua

- ,~s;,r ~l~u:s :O:;;g~~ <:lus La z:M a:1·Axlul~ ;:,ou rnl~o..,; C\1.1aal11e lJ ;11-:;11ir1pt..1t èP. c~t~ z~n~ ~t :J<u, p,u1;,,.1;;;,..,,.,.,,. r •• , ,,.,;,,., 1.,..,-,.1., ,te, loacn·, ·c,n,.,,.1o',

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Sl"~Jm~ot,:;Jo;;Jqus'" palyi:oko).lqu.,_, JJ~ :.~c, 1'1d1s u·osl~, ... ,," ·, ,·~;,11 olr 1., ro;q!~ ,r ·'.IJ,dj~n [:,f,1, ,,,.,. ••..••• ,, .•• ,1. '" ,,.,,. ''fllÔIIIO l.folnc:~ M,trl1~ M :~«lln1c,1tolo,!C~. Uf;{ Sl'f'.:1,l, l11.h

t:o=o!:y(Abld,an).Hp

IIFRTHOIS J .• (1"1:o) .. 1•, .,.,,.•~., ,frlmmt.,1=, Ftndc· s!dl1"c1tacl, .J•; ,od,~ m•uW..,

-10211

Rif.Ml J, (U19:!). (o:m1b.c1Jor. ! :'èlUdf ,:;~r,l,lRl~u~. •,y~O:•f,<tl•hot<I '"" I"' •·hA,·lclion l'i'~ l,a,,;,., '"""'"", ,.,t,,;.,. .. ii;,,.... ,,., ~"rie pfr~_nb1l,,n d Af,Ju., 1. re..., : H\w.,,111.,J.1:•I~

b•,dc,lC1lmlque ~- l<rol<lfl ~ ,~, ~, nili,11"; 1lbrmui,11.1s dç ~1Uo,n. Cl ;,Ire f;l'.IIUlqU( d,:, 1.. .hut,:, Muah:•.c- :r::1~ d' J,·,:,ist). lloès• J~ :Jucu,,,1 b 5k r-.: •• 1 .. 1:,,fr,..,.i,ri ,h, (,~,.~1, (<l r 1·1~,,.,~

Ul.ARLZ ll. {l9&llJ. L, ,, •• 1 .•• , c1111. i,enl,, 1,, 1h, la ( :": ,,. il h-t•IT<•-{ .l>JaJ. ::.l.ruu·n ~l Evolwl:!1

1'11:ir ri•-."." ,·1onth,,,·alr i-,,n,tnrr,an,c lhh~ llurn..,,1 U,;i,. p.,;.~:: -:~141 "":, llll!;:

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