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ECE544: Communication

Networks-II, Spring 2015

D. Raychaudhuri & D.

Reininger

Lecture 1Includes teaching materials from L. Peterson & L. Govindan

Software Defined Networks, P. Goransson & C. lack S!stem Performance, . Gregg

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Toda!s "ecture

• Administrative matters

• Course Overview – topics covered

– design & prototyping projects

• Introduction to networking

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C#ass Structure

• riday !"#$%"!'pm

• Lecture (ormat – )*ides+ ,oard+ -

– Interactive

• wo /' min sessions

– with a 1' min 0reak in 0etween

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Contact In$ormation• Instructors:

– Prof. D. Raychaudhuri• mai*" ray2win*a0.rutgers.edu

• O3ce 4ours" 0y appt+ 5I6LA, ech Center or Core $'1

– Dr. D. Reininger• Email: [email protected]

• Oce Hours: by at

•

Pro!ect "#: $rancesco %ron&ino – mai*" 0ron7ino2win*a0.rutgers.edu – O3ce hours" t0d

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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C#ass %esources

• 5e0 page"http"88www.win*a0.rutgers.edu8comnet9

• :ai*ing *ist" comnet92win*a0.rutgers.edu

• )ign up (or mai*ing *ist at"

http"88*ists.win*a0.rutgers.edu8*istin(o8comnet9

http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/comnet2mailto:[email protected]://lists.winlab.rutgers.edu/listinfo/comnet2http://lists.winlab.rutgers.edu/listinfo/comnet2mailto:[email protected]://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/comnet2

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Course %eadings• e;t0ook '? materia*@ – eterson & Davie+ BComputer 6etworks" A

)ystems Approach+ :organ au(man+ #th or$th editions

• 4andouts posted to course we0site

•Research papers in networking – to 0e distri0uted either on*ine or in c*ass – co**ection o( c*assica* and topica* research

• >1' papers and standards documents

• re=uired reading to supp*ement te;t 0ook

overview

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Course &rading• C*ass participation & homework" $?

– ,rie( in%c*ass presentations

– Assigned homework (rom te;t0ook

• :idterm inc*udes 0oth descriptive and numerica*pro0*ems

• Design & rototyping Assignments" !$? – network architecture paper 1'?

– protoco* project & report 9$?

•6o makeup e;ams+ no e;tra credit work

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Student Commitments• eep up with your reading

– read app*ica0*e te;t 0ook chapter anddistri0uted papers8RCFs 0e(ore and a(tereach c*ass

• )harpen your programming ski**s – study C8CGG & Hni; programming as

needed and work on simp*e programminge;ercises ear*y in the semester

•5ork independent*y – no Bco**a0oration o( any sort

• urn in assignments on time• :ake sure assignments are grada0*e

– (o**ow project and program su0mission ru*es

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'rere(uisites

• Curricu*ar prere=uisites – Computer 6etworks I or e=uiva*ent

– enera* communications andcomputer architecture8O) 0ackground

• )ki**s

– C8CGG programming• signiJcant programming project

– use o( design and ana*ysis too*s

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Course Topics

• Introduction

• 6etwork rincip*es

• )hared :edia8:AC

• kt switching

• I ,asics

• I Advanced

• :o0i*ity rotoco*s

%% mid%term

• )o(tware deJnednetworks

• 6etwork security

• ransport *ayer• 4igher%*ayer

protoco*s

•

4ardware issues• Case studies and

research topics – Content networks

– ,ig data and networks

– (uture Internet arch

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'ro)ects• 6etwork

architecture paper% top%down design% re=uirements

% speciJcations% system ana*ysis% report

• 5arm%up rojects% C8CGG programminge;ercises

% Hni; sockets+ etc.

% simp*e *ink protoco*s

• 6etwork so(twareproject

% new routing protoco*% so(tware p*at(orm provided

% student teams wi** writecompeting protoco* specs

% meetings to speci(yB

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*+at is t+e pro#em

Applications

T e c h n o l o g y Scale

The Global Network

Robustness

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.pp#ication Considerations

• App*ication input to network – tra3c data rate

– tra3c pattern

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.pp#ication Considerations:IoT

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/IoT

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/ata Centers, ig ata

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Cha"ter #, $igure #.#

. 3u#timedia .pp#ication

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%e#ia#e i#e Trans$er

• Loss sensitive

• 6ot de*ay sensitive re*ative to

round trip times• oint%to%point or mu*tipoint

• ,ursty

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%emote "ogin

• Loss sensitive

• De*ay sensitive

– su0ject to interactive constraints

– can to*erate up to severa* hundreds o(mi**iseconds

• ,ursty• oint to point

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Network .udio

• Re*ative*y *ow 0andwidth – Digiti7ed samp*es+ packeti7ed

• De*ay variance sensitive• Loss to*erant

• ossi0*y mu*tipoint+ *ong duration

sessions – natura* *imit to num0er o(

simu*taneous senders

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Network ideo

• 4igh 0andwidth

• Compressed video+ 0ursty

• Loss to*erance (unction o(compression

• De*ay to*erance a (unction o(

interactivity• ossi0*y mu*tipoint

• Larger num0er o( simu*taneous

sources

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*e

• ransactiona* tra3c – short re=uests+ possi0*y *arge

responses• Loss to*erant

• De*ay sensitive

– human interactivity• oint%to%point

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*+at is67

• )tructure

• :etrics

• ai*ure modes

• unctions

The Global Network

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Network Structure

Local%ccess Networks

Nodes,

'osts, CP(

)egional

Networks, ISP

National%Glo*al

Networks, ack*ones

Servers,

Data Centers

)outers,

Switches

Links, LN

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Network Topo#ogies

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Network 3etrics

• ,andwidth – transmission capacity

• De*ay – =ueueing de*ay

– propagation de*ay

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andwidt+ 8ersus "atenc• Re*ative importance

– 1%0yte" 1ms vs 1''ms dominates 1:0ps vs1'':0ps

– 9$:," 1:0ps vs 1'':0ps dominates 1ms vs1''ms

• InJnite 0andwidth – R dominates

• Throughput = TransferSize / TransferTime

• TransferTime = RTT + 1/Bandwidth x TransferSize

– 1%:, fle to 1%0ps *ink as 1%, packet to 1%

:0ps *ink

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e#a 9 andwidt+ 'roduct

• Amount o( data Bin Kight or Binthe pipe

• ;amp*e" 1''ms x#$:0ps $',

Bandw idth

Delay

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Cha"ter #, $igure #.+

10,000

5000

2000

1000

500

200

100

50

20

10

5

2

1

10010RTT (ms)

1-MB object, 1.5-Mbs lin!

1-MB object, 10-Mbs lin!

2-"B object, 1.5-Mbs lin!2-"B object, 10-Mbs lin!

1-byte object, 1.5-Mbs lin!

1-byte object, 10-Mbs lin! # e $ c e i % e d

l a t e n c y ( m s )

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Network ai#ures

• acket *oss – =ueue overKows

– *ine noise• 6ode or *ink (ai*ures

• Routing transients or (ai*ures

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Statistica# 3u#tip#e9ing &ain

1 :0ps *inkE users re=uire '.1 :0pswhen transmittingE users active

on*y 1'? o( the time.• Circuit switching" can support 1'

users

• acket switching" with !$ users+pro0a0i*ity that M1' aretransmitting at the same time

'.'''#.

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ack in t+e o#d das77

-ime

* w

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T+en came T377

mu demu

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/ECE544%202010/ECE544%202008/ECE544_2007/ECE544%202006/defense-talk/tdm.ppthttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/ECE544%202010/ECE544%202008/ECE544_2007/ECE544%202006/defense-talk/tdm.ppt

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"ogica# network 8iew

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'acket switc+ing /Internet

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'acket Switc+ing

Inter*eave packets (rom diNerentsources

• 3cient" resources used ondemand – statistica* mu*tip*e;ing

• enera* – mu*tip*e types o( app*ications

• Accommodates 0ursty tra3c

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C+aracteristics o$ 'acket

Switc+ing• )tore and (orward

– packets are se*( contained units

– can use a*ternate paths % reordering• Contention

– congestion

– de*ay

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ata, Contro# 3anagement '#anes

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Switc+!s unctiona# #ocks

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'rotoco#s

• On top o( a packet switched network+need

•)et o( ru*es governing communication0etween network e*ements

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'rotoco#s /contd7

• ,ui*ding 0*ocks o( a networkarchitecture

•

ach protoco* o0ject has two diNerentinter(aces – service interace" operations on this protoco*

– peer-to-peer interace" messages

e;changed with peer• erm Bprotoco* is over*oaded

– speciJcation o( peer%to%peer inter(ace – modu*e that imp*ements this inter(ace

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"aering

Host Host

Application

Transport

Network

Link

/ser /ser -eleconferencing

La!ering0 techni1ue to sim"lif! com"le s!stems

Peers

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"aering

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"aering C+aracteristics

• ach *ayer re*ies on services (rom*ayer 0e*ow and e;ports services to

*ayer a0ove• Inter(ace deJnes interaction

• 4ides imp*ementation % *ayers can

change without distur0ing other*ayers

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'acket ;eaders

La!er + hdr La!er 2 hdr La!er 3 hdr -railer

Data

4(nca"sulation5

Packet 'eaders can contain0

6 addresses, flow ID, "kt t!"e, service t!"e, error checks, 7oS, 8

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IS< .rc+itecture

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

End host

One or more nodes

within the network

Network

Data link

Physical

Network

Data link

Physical

Network

Data link

Physical

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

End host

Network

Data link

Physical

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Internet .rc+itecture• DeJned 0y Internet ngineering ask orce

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"aering &enera# Issues

• Re*ia0i*ity

• *ow contro*

• ragmentation• :u*tip*e;ing

• Connection setup

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E9amp#e: Transport #aer

• irst end%to%end *ayer

• nd%to%end state

• :ay provide re*ia0i*ity+ Kow andcongestion contro*

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E9amp#e: Network "aer

• oint%to%point communication

• 6etwork and host addressing

• Routing

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Inter-'rocess

Communication• urn host%to%host connectivity intoprocess%to%process communication.

• i** gap 0etween what app*ications

e;pect and what the under*yingtechno*ogy provides. ost ost

/lication

ost

/lication

ost ost

+hannel

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I'C .stractions

• Re=uest8Rep*y – distri0uted J*e

systems

– digita* *i0raries

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Host 1

Protocol

Host 2

Protocol

High-leelo!"ect

High-leelo!"ect

Serice

inter#ace

Peer-to-peer inter#ace

Inter$aces

Cha"ter #, $igure #.#

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#

T+#

send(#, messae) deli%e$(T+#, messae)

Inter$aces /contd7

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Cha"ter #, $igure #9

send()deli%e$()

Tomost $otocol

/lication $ocess

Inter$aces /contd7

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:;

'rotoco# 3ac+iner• rotoco* raph

– most peer%to%peer communication is indirect – peer%to%peer is direct on*y at hardware *eve*

$ile

application

Digitalli!rary

application

%ideo

application

&&P 'SP

HHP

Host 1

$ile

application

Digitalli!rary

application

%ideo

application

&&P 'SP

HHP

Host 2

Cha"ter #, $igure #.##

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:9

3ac+iner /cont• :u*tip*e;ing and Demu*tip*e;ing

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Network .rc+itecture

• oa* is to design a comp*ete networkso*ution that meets servicere=uirements and cost constraints

• Design space inc*udes – App*ication p*at(orm & so(tware

– 6etwork topo*ogy

–

Core techno*ogies – rotoco*s

– ra3c engineering

– Cost estimation

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Concept Example 1: Sensor Nets

'o!ile (nternet )(P-!ased*

Oerlay Sensor Network (n#rastr+ct+re

,omp+te Storage

Serers.ser inter#aces #or

in#ormation control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net /

Sensor net0(P gateway

304

/TS

Perasie

ApplicationAgents

&elay Node

%irt+ali5ed Physical orld

O!"ect or Eent

Sensor0

Act+ator

6ig/ee7

./7 etc8

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Concept Example 2: Infostations

Internet

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esigning a Network

• Identi(y 0asic service re=uirements – transport service

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%e(uirements /contd7

• List additiona* service and network(eatures – Qo)+ video8audio+ etc.

–specia* routing

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%e(uirements .na#sis • )ummary ta0*e *isting key

re=uirements

= of users

-erminal t!"e

)elia*ilit!

Securit! features

it rate

-o"olog!

7oS features

vaila*ilit!

-rans"ort services

Cost

C), >)6rt,..

.#6#

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Network Components

• ey hardware components o( anetwork – 6IC >1'+ 1''+ 1$$+ 99+ 1''' :0ps

–

shared media channe*s :0ps

– point%to%point *inks

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Network Components

• ey so(tware components o( anetwork – C8ermina* O) & drivers

–

App*ication inter(ace S Bsocket spec – ransport *ayer protoco*

– 6etwork *ayer protoco*

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;ig+-"e8e# esign

• )e*ect network topo*ogy 0ased ongeographic+ capacity+ re*ia0i*ity+ etc.

• artition into access network+ corenetwork+ etc. as re=uired

• Assign network hardware componentsto each su0network 0ased on serviceand Qo) re=uirements

•DeJne service AI and protoco* stacks

• Ana*y7e network per(ormance & costand iterate unti* re=uirements are met

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;ig+ "e8e# esign

/sersE=, densit!, mo*ilit!F

ccess Net

*"s

Pkt sie

urst statistics

Stream "arameters

-echnolog! choice

Ee.g.

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Internet %e$erence 3ode#

App*ication

ransport

Internet

Link

JSI 9

JSI 3

JSI 2

JSI + & #

'ayer (nit of Data

App*ication :essage

ransport )egment

6etwork acket

Link rame

hysica* ,it

Names for units

of data *! la!er

6 Programs that use network service

6 Provides end6to6end data deliver!

6 Send "ackets over multi"le networks

6 Send frames over a link

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'rotoco# Stack

Names $or de8ices in t+e network

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Names $or de8ices in t+e network #aers

6etwork 6etwork

Link Link

App App

ransport ransport

6etwork 6etwork

Link Link

hysica* hysica*

Link Link

)e"eater Eor 'u*F

Switch Eor *ridgeF

)outer

Pro! or

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Internet %e$erence 3ode#

I is the Bnarrow waist o( the Internet )upports many diNerent *inks 0e*ow and apps a0ove.

;amp*es o( common protoco*s in each *ayer

S

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'rotoco#s and "aers

6etworks need modu*arity to supportapp*ications 0y :aking and 0reaking connections

inding a path through the network rans(erring in(ormation re*ia0*y

rans(erring ar0itrary *ength o( in(ormation

)ending as (ast as the network a**ows

)haring 0andwidth among users )ecuring in(ormation in transit

Letting many new host 0e added

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'rotoco#s and "aers

rotoco*s and *ayers is the main structuringmethod used to divide up network(unctiona*ity ach instance o( a protoco* ta*ks virtua**y to its peer

using the protoco* ach instance o( a protoco* uses on*y the service o(

the *ower *ayer

4

C

I

/'9.11

,rowser

T

U

T

U

Node # Node +

Protocol K

Service "rovided

*! Protocol

Peer

instance

Instance of

Protocol K

Lower la!er

Instance Eof

Protocol F

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Encapsu#ation

H+.##

IP

-C

P

'--P

'--P '--P

-CP '--P-CP '--P

IP-CP '--P IP-CP '--P

H+.##

IP

-C

P

'--P

H+.## IP -CP '--P

EAireF

'-

-P

-C

P

I

P

H+.##

'-

-P

-C

P

I

P

H+.##

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emu#tip#e9ing

Incoming messages must 0e passed to the protoco* ituses.

Done with demu*tip*e;ing keys in the headers

S

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Network-.pp#ication Inter$ace

Defines how a""s use the network Lets a""s talk to each other via hostsMhide the details of the network Sockets let a""s attach to the local network at different

"orts

App

App

host host

App

App

Socket,

Port =#

Socket,

Port =+

ISP

k $

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Network Inter$ace

E #

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Encapsu#ation

% tin

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%outing

S k .'I

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Socket .'Irimitive :eaning

)OC Create a new communication endpoint

,I6D Associate a *oca* address with a socket

LI)6 Announce wi**ingness to accept connectionsE give=ueue si7e

ACC assive*y esta0*ish an incoming connectionCO66C Active*y attempt to esta0*ish a connection

)6D )end some data over the connection

RCIV Receive some data (rom the connection

CLO) Re*ease the connection

= i S k

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=sing Sockets

Client Ehost #F -ime Server

Ehost +F

#0 socket

:0 connect

90 send

H0 receive

#0 close

connect

re1uest

re"l!

disconnect

#0 socket+0 *ind20 listen30 acce"t

;0 receive

B0 send

#0 close

Ocall *locks

C#i ' < #i

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C#ient Ser8er 'rogram

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Toda!s ;omework• eterson & Davie+ Chap 1

Documents

ECE544Lec1-2015 (1).pptx