Recherche et Développement

Scientifique en Israel

Recherche et Développement

Scientifique en Israel

Ministère de la Science, Culture & Sport

H. Bercovier et

David Mendlovic

H. Bercovier et

David Mendlovic

Eyesquad

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Mission des UNIVERSITES

* Excellence et création du savoir pour les 7 Institutions de Recherches/Universités

* Doivent préparer la prochaine génération de scientifiques et de cadres de la société.

Etudiants dans l ’ Education Supérieure

150,150

101,290

135,890

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1985/86 1987/88 1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 99/2000 2001/02 2003/04

Bachelor's degree

Total

198,800

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

6 7 7 7 8 1016 20 21 22 23 22 22 22 227 7 8 8 10

13

1416

19 19 19 22 23 24 25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 99/2000 2001/02 2003/04

Universités autres institutions Teacher training colleges

Développement des Institutions d ’ Education supérieure dans les années 90.

Le PBC Budget

Institutions of

Higher Education

Research & other Bodies

Aide aux étudiants

To be an independent body between the Government and the Institutions of higher education,

in all matters relating to allocations for higher education

Principe du Modèle

1 .Le modèle a 2 compartiments séparés:

Enseignement

Recherche

Compartiment Recherche

Sur une base compétitive, il comprend 4 éléments:

1. Revenus de recherches compétitives 35% 2. Revenus de recherches “non compétitives” 20% 3. Publications Scientifiques 15%

Poids

4. Doctorants 30%

(La part de HUJ est 29%)

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

Spain

Germany

France

Belgium

Norway

United States

Canada

New Zealand

Australia

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Denmark

Finland

Israel

Sweden

Switzerland

No. of citations in scientificliterature per million population -2001

Scientific publications per millionpopulation - 1999 - 2001

Scientific Publications – 1999-2001 and Number of Citations in Scientific Literature – 2001 per Million Population (us=1.00)

Source: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004, US NSF

10

Israel As a Scientific Leader

Scientific Publications – Israel is one of the two world wide leader in

scientific publications per capita – 1% of the scientific worldwide

publications, 2% in mathematics

Scientific Citations – Israel is the 3rd worldwide leader in citations per

capita. In 6 over 20 scientific fields, Israel is number 1

Scientists Per Capita – 0.5% of the overall population. Israel is

number 1 with 133 scientists per 10,000 employees

Investment Is Science – Israel invests more than 4% of the Gross

National Product (#1), more than Finland and Sweden (3.3%)

Scientific Publications of Israel and neighboring countriesAs Percentage of World Publications

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Perc

enta

ges

Source: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004, US NSF

Israel

Middle East & North African Countries (Exc. Israel)

Position de la Science Israélienne

• Sciences des matériaux et nanotechnologie: 1er rang• Sciences de l’ordinateur : 2eme rang• Economie et management: 4eme rang• Chimie: 5eme rang. • Mathématiques: 7eme rang • Biologie: 8 eme

• Immunologie: 13eme • Microbiologie: 15eme, • 14eme en Psychologie et Psychiatrie, 18eme en

Sciences sociales et 22eme en Médecine Clinique.

13

Ranking Of The 5 Leaders Per Fields

AreaIsrael Rank Among The 5 Leaders

Computer scienceIsrael, USA, Swiss, Canada, Denmark

ChemistryUSA, Swiss, Israel, Holland, Sweden

MaterialsUSA, Denmark, Holland, Israel, Swiss

MicrobiologyUSA, Swiss, GB, Holland, Israel

Mulec. Biology and geneticsSwiss, USA, Germany, Holland, Israel

PhysicsSwiss, Denmark, USA, Holland, Israel

Agriculture scienceSweden, GB, Denmark, Canada, Holland

AstrophysicsUSA, Swiss, Holland, Canada, GB

Earth scienceUSA, Australia, GB, Swiss, France

Prix NobelPrix Nobel• Littérature (S. Agnon)• Paix• Physique (D. Gross)• Chimie (Hershko & Ciechanover)• Economie (Kahneman & Aumann)• Chimie (R. Kornberg)

ERC competition 2007

• CNRS (France)                                            16Max-Planck Society (Germany)                       10University of Cambridge (UK)                            10

Technion                      7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientcas   7Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)             6

• Hebrew University of Jerusalem 6   Imperial College London (UK)                          5 University

College London (UK)                           5- Weizmann Institute of Science               5

Oxford(UK)  University                     5Katholieke Universiteit Leuven                       4Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg    4

- Tel Aviv University 4  

4.6

4.7

5.3

5.3

5.6

6.0

6.1

6.5

6.7

8.2

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

Japan

Netherlands

Germany

U.K.

Finland

Australia

France

Sweden

Denmark

Israel

Source:OECD, 2000

Investissement dans l' Education(pourcentage du PNB) 2007

2.5

2.6

2.8

3.1

3.4

4.6

5.0

1.9

2.1

2.1

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.2

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Ireland

Australia

Norway

CanadaU.K.

Austria

Denmark

Singapore

France

Germany

Switzerland

U.S.AJapan

Finland

Sweden

Israel

Investissement en R&D

Source: Human Development Report, 2004

(en pourcentage du PNB, 1996-2002)4.2

39,963

41,651

42,095

43,908

45,828

48,795

52,421

57,253

57,775

67,104

64,833

62,765

61,865

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Finland

Canada

Ireland

New Zealand

Luxembourg

France

Sweden

Australia

U.S.A

Israel

Scotland

Iceland

Netherlands

$ par individu employé en agriculture

Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2004

Productivité en Agriculture

Medium-Low Technology

Industries17%

Low Technology Industries

9%

Medium-High Technology

Industries25%

High Technology

49%

Source: The Israel Export & International Cooperation Institue, 2003

Manufacturing Export by Technological Intensity, 2003

20% in 1991

R&D R&D evaluationevaluationIMD World IMD World Competitiveness Competitiveness YearbookYearbook

))Japan’s rankingJapan’s ranking((Fuente: White Paper on Fuente: White Paper on International Trade 2002International Trade 2002

(Citado en (Citado en Journal of Journal of Japanese Trade &Industry Japanese Trade &Industry July/August 2002, July/August 2002, Japan Japan Economic Foundation)Economic Foundation)

21

BASIC RESEARCH

Several funding resources mainly

in Universities and research institutes

STRATEGIC RESEARCH

The well known “Gray Zone”

APPLIED RESEARCH

Min. of Trade &Industry andCommercial companies

Research in Israel – Mind The Gap

"Strategic Research - the Connecting Link""Strategic Research - the Connecting Link"

Directed R&D

Orienter la R&DOrienter la R&D

Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport

23

Governmental Funding In Israel

Mandatory for success in science and technology - Excellence

Encouraging the excellence is carried out by various organizations:

OrganizationPriority byType of R&D

Ministry of EducationAcademic excellenceBasic Sciences

Ministry of Industry, Trade & Labor

Commercial excellenceApplied and commercial

Ministry of Science and other Governmental Ministries

National prioritiesApplied infrastructure

Only the Ministry of Science and its related Chief Scientists prioritize their funds per national priorities and long term scientific vision

24

Chief Scientists Forum MOST is head and organizer of the Chief Scientist Forum

This forum is responsible to execute the Governmental

R&D directions in Israel

It includes:

Defining national priorities

Announcement and review

Shared infrastructures

Meets monthly and activate various sub-committees

An observer of the NCRD participates all meetings

25

43%31%4%

5%2%

15%

MOIT

MOST

Agric.

Energy

ISF

Others

Pie Of Governmental R&D Investment

The Ministry of Science - A Close Look

The Ministry of Science - A Close Look

Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport

27

Vision in Science and Technology

Israel as a small country cannot invest in all Spectrums of R&D. There is a need for a national professional guiding hand.

Israel as a leading nation in science and technology, strives towards Excellence.

The Ministry of Science plays a central role in the shaping and leading the R&D policy of Israel.

The Ministry is responsible for determining national priorities, enhancing physical and human resources infra-structures, magnifying the contribution of Israel and implementing the relative advantages of Israel.

La réalité

Bottom-up

Entropie maximaleConscience nationale

Investissement dans les infrastructures dépendants des donateurs

Rencontre entre ces facteurs et priorités nationales

Priorités nationales déterminées par: Académie Nationale des SciencesDirecteur(s) Général de la ScienceTELEMLes UniversitésL’industrie

33

Cooperative research programs.

Membership in international organizations.

Bi-national & international cooperative conferences.

Researcher exchanges.

International Scientific Relations

34

France Germany (BMBF+GIF)

South Korea Croatia

China India

Ukraine Slovenia

Taiwan Russia

USA

Bi-National Research Programs

35

To the Region

For the Region

About the Region

Regional R&D Centers

36

Regional R&D Centers

37

Universities

Research Institutes

Industries

Inter – Ministries

coordination

Civilization of space

technologies

International cooperation

Support of space

activity in Israel

Launch multi-

discipline projects

Educational mission

ISA – Israel Space Authority

38

National Priorities – Vertical, HorizontalTissue EngStem Cells Water Photonics IT &

TelecomAdvancedMaterials

Space

Nanotechnology

Energy & Environment

Science Policy

Les Relations Industrie- Universités

Les Relations Industrie- Universités

Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport

Comparaison entre UK et USApour le transfert de technologie

• Par $1 milliard de fonds de recherche

US HUJ UK

• Spin-outs created 50 20 15• Licensing income $31m $120m $12.4m • Licenses signed in year

» 206 190 120• Invention disclosure

» 440 520 399

PharmaPharma• Copaxone• Exelon• Rebif• Doxil• Azilec Plus de 3 Milliards de $ de ventes

Albert Einstein The Hebrew University of

Jerusalem

43

4 Campuses

5 Affiliated Hospitals

24,000 Students45% Graduate “

1,000 Researchers (Staff Members)

1,600 Post-Graduate Students in Biotechnology

Over 400 Researchers in Applied Sciences

3,500 Research Projects

>100 Research Centres

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Biomédicine 58 (Times Higher Education)

• Sciences Sociales 49 “• Humanités 41 “• Général 93 “• Général 65 (Shanghai)• Publications 59 (CEST)

HUJ Rang Mondial

ISF 2003/06Exact Sciences 20% Life & Medicine 33%Social Sciences & Humanities 41%

• Microbiol 50%• Medicine 40%• Cell Biol. 36%• Mol biol 36%• Neurobiol 30%• Immunol 30%• Ecology 29%• Biochem 28%• Plant biol 28%

• Statistics 67%• Pol Sciences 57%• Philo 50%• Bible 50%• Economics 40%• Litter. 48%• History 39%• Education 33%• Law 30%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

$ Million

FONDS EXTERIEURS POUR LA RECHERCHE à HUJ (Par année académique ….)

107 Millions US$

INVESTISSEMENT annuel réel pour la Recherche à HUJ

Grant/Centers Funds $ 107 Millions

Bourses $ 16 Millions

Salaires $ 135 Millions

TOTAL $ 258 Millions

25 % de la recherche civile en Israel

48

48

Mission de Yissum (créée en 1964)

Propriétaire exclusif de la PI de l’Université: doit promouvoir le transfert de technologies vers l’Industrie et la Sociéte en général

Yissum = Hebreu pour ‘application’

49

49

Research Money

Yissum pays royalties to the researchers and HUJI

HUJ researchers discover new invention &

submits disclosure

Yissum protects the IP and

commercialises

The Industry partner pays for the use of IP to Yissum

$/$/EUEU

Le Transfert de Technologie

50

50

La Propriété Intellectuelle et son partage

• Yissum est le propriétaire de tout développement réalisé à HU

• Les bénéfices nets sont redistribués:– 40% des Royalties vont au chercheur– 20% des royalties vont au Labo du

chercheur – 40% vont à l’ HU

En résumé

Plus d’ $1 Milliard de ventes annuelles pour les produits développés à Hebrew University

5,500 brevets 1,600 inventions 480 licenses 65 spin-offs

Levée de fonds dépassant $165 mil en 2007 auprès des VCs et d’investisseurs privés.

ECOGEN INC.

Le mystère de l’ail enfin Le mystère de l’ail enfin résolurésolu

Et pourtant elle tourne

Merci de votre attentionMerci de votre attention